Congenital defect in the upper lip where the maxillary prominence fails to merge with the merged medial nasal prominences. It is thought to be caused by faulty migration of the mesoderm in the head region.
Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion.
Either of the two fleshy, full-blooded margins of the mouth.
Tumors or cancer of the LIP.
Lip diseases refer to various medical conditions that primarily affect the lips, causing symptoms such as inflammation, pain, dryness, discoloration, or abnormal growths, which may result from infectious, autoimmune, genetic, traumatic, or neoplastic causes.
'Abnormalities, Multiple' is a broad term referring to the presence of two or more structural or functional anomalies in an individual, which may be genetic or environmental in origin, and can affect various systems and organs of the body.
Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the mouth.
The structure that forms the roof of the mouth. It consists of the anterior hard palate (PALATE, HARD) and the posterior soft palate (PALATE, SOFT).
One of a pair of irregularly shaped bones that form the upper jaw. A maxillary bone provides tooth sockets for the superior teeth, forms part of the ORBIT, and contains the MAXILLARY SINUS.
Conservative contouring of the alveolar process, in preparation for immediate or future denture construction. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Surgical procedures used to treat disease, injuries, and defects of the oral and maxillofacial region.
The anteriorly located rigid section of the PALATE.
Muscles of facial expression or mimetic muscles that include the numerous muscles supplied by the facial nerve that are attached to and move the skin of the face. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
Congenital absence of the teeth; it may involve all (total anodontia) or only some of the teeth (partial anodontia, hypodontia), and both the deciduous and the permanent dentition, or only teeth of the permanent dentition. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Appliances that close a cleft or fissure of the palate.
Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the teeth.
Presentation devices used for patient education and technique training in dentistry.
Congenital structural deformities, malformations, or other abnormalities of the cranium and facial bones.
The process of growth and differentiation of the jaws and face.
Malformations of organs or body parts during development in utero.
The branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of the beautiful. It includes beauty, esthetic experience, esthetic judgment, esthetic aspects of medicine, etc.
A congenital anomaly of the hand or foot, marked by the webbing between adjacent fingers or toes. Syndactylies are classified as complete or incomplete by the degree of joining. Syndactylies can also be simple or complex. Simple syndactyly indicates joining of only skin or soft tissue; complex syndactyly marks joining of bony elements.
Congenital or acquired asymmetry of the face.
A homeodomain protein that interacts with TATA-BOX BINDING PROTEIN. It represses GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of target GENES and plays a critical role in ODONTOGENESIS.
The curve formed by the row of TEETH in their normal position in the JAW. The inferior dental arch is formed by the mandibular teeth, and the superior dental arch by the maxillary teeth.
A family of transcription factors that share an N-terminal HELIX-TURN-HELIX MOTIF and bind INTERFERON-inducible promoters to control GENE expression. IRF proteins bind specific DNA sequences such as interferon-stimulated response elements, interferon regulatory elements, and the interferon consensus sequence.
Procedure of producing an imprint or negative likeness of the teeth and/or edentulous areas. Impressions are made in plastic material which becomes hardened or set while in contact with the tissue. They are later filled with plaster of Paris or artificial stone to produce a facsimile of the oral structures present. Impressions may be made of a full complement of teeth, of areas where some teeth have been removed, or in a mouth from which all teeth have been extracted. (Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)
A characteristic symptom complex.
An abnormal passage within the mouth communicating between two or more anatomical structures.
The anterior portion of the head that includes the skin, muscles, and structures of the forehead, eyes, nose, mouth, cheeks, and jaw.
A group of hereditary disorders involving tissues and structures derived from the embryonic ectoderm. They are characterized by the presence of abnormalities at birth and involvement of both the epidermis and skin appendages. They are generally nonprogressive and diffuse. Various forms exist, including anhidrotic and hidrotic dysplasias, FOCAL DERMAL HYPOPLASIA, and aplasia cutis congenita.
An infant during the first month after birth.
A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.
Procedures used to reconstruct, restore, or improve defective, damaged, or missing structures.
The branch of surgery concerned with restoration, reconstruction, or improvement of defective, damaged, or missing structures.
Any of the eight frontal teeth (four maxillary and four mandibular) having a sharp incisal edge for cutting food and a single root, which occurs in man both as a deciduous and a permanent tooth. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p820)
Disorders of sensory information received from superficial and deep regions of the body. The somatosensory system conveys neural impulses which pertain to proprioception, tactile sensation, thermal sensation, pressure sensation, and pain. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; SPINAL CORD DISEASES; and BRAIN DISEASES may be associated with impaired or abnormal somatic sensation.
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
A TGF-beta subtype that plays role in regulating epithelial-mesenchymal interaction during embryonic development. It is synthesized as a precursor molecule that is cleaved to form mature TGF-beta3 and TGF-beta3 latency-associated peptide. The association of the cleavage products results in the formation a latent protein which must be activated to bind its receptor.
The visualization of tissues during pregnancy through recording of the echoes of ultrasonic waves directed into the body. The procedure may be applied with reference to the mother or the fetus and with reference to organs or the detection of maternal or fetal disease.
An acquired or hereditary condition due to deficiency in the formation of tooth enamel (AMELOGENESIS). It is usually characterized by defective, thin, or malformed DENTAL ENAMEL. Risk factors for enamel hypoplasia include gene mutations, nutritional deficiencies, diseases, and environmental factors.
The measurement of the dimensions of the HEAD.
The thickest and spongiest part of the maxilla and mandible hollowed out into deep cavities for the teeth.
A movable fold suspended from the posterior border of the hard palate. The uvula hangs from the middle of the lower border.
Congenital malformation characterized by MICROGNATHIA or RETROGNATHIA; GLOSSOPTOSIS and CLEFT PALATE. The mandibular abnormalities often result in difficulties in sucking and swallowing. The syndrome may be isolated or associated with other syndromes (e.g., ANDERSEN SYNDROME; CAMPOMELIC DYSPLASIA). Developmental mis-expression of SOX9 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR gene on chromosome 17q and its surrounding region is associated with the syndrome.
Such malposition and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth as to interfere with the highest efficiency during the excursive movements of the jaw that are essential for mastication. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)
An artificial replacement for one or more natural teeth or part of a tooth, or associated structures, ranging from a portion of a tooth to a complete denture. The dental prosthesis is used for cosmetic or functional reasons, or both. DENTURES and specific types of dentures are also available. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p244 & Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p643)

The role of folic acid in oral clefting. (1/686)

The objective of this study is to describe the role of periconceptional folic acid supplementation and assess it's potential in the prevention of foetal abnormalities, and consists of a review of the literature undertaken using an electronic and hand search. This includes research trials and methodology associated with folic acid supplementation. It is recommended that all women planning to conceive should supplement their diet with folic acid in order to prevent abnormalities in neural tube development, particularly if there is a history of a previously affected pregnancy. There is increasing evidence that folic acid supplementation may, in addition, reduce the incidence of oral facial clefting. Further research with multi-disciplinary approaches in biochemistry, genetics, gene/environment interactions, and embryology are indicated.  (+info)

The incidence of cleft lip and palate deformities in the south-east of Scotland (1971-1990). (2/686)

This retrospective study reports the incidence of infants born with the cleft lip and palate anomaly within the Edinburgh Cleft Units catchment area, between 1 January, 1971, and 31 December, 1990. The importance of accurate data collection for local, regional, and national data bases is discussed with reference to the recent CSAG report on cleft lip and palate services in the UK. Five-hundred-and-two cleft lip and palate patients were identified (291 males, 211 females). The incidence is reported as 1.4 per 1000 live births (1 in 711). Twenty-five per cent of clefts affected the primary palate, 45 per cent affected the secondary palate, and the remaining 30 per cent were clefts of both the primary and secondary palate. Overall, a higher percentage of males were affected (58 per cent males to 42 per cent females). Clefts of the secondary palate, however, were more common in females (56 per cent females to 44 per cent males). Data presented in this study is similar to that previously reported from UK centres. It is suggested the accuracy of the UK cleft lip and palate data collection needs to be improved. Prospective data collection in a standardized format carried out on a national basis has to be a priority as recommended by the CSAG report.  (+info)

Do you care? A national register for cleft lip and palate patients. (3/686)

The Cleft Palate Index and, more recently, the Craniofacial Anomalies Register--CARE--have been in operation since 1982. This paper summarizes its development and plans for the future. CARE is a multidisciplinary committee involving all specialties involved in the treatment of this group of patients therefore it should and can be well placed to co-ordinate the cleft data arising from these patients.  (+info)

The many faces and factors of orofacial clefts. (4/686)

Orofacial clefts are congenital structural anomalies of the lip and/or palate that affect approximately 1/1000 live births. Their frequent occurrence as well as their extensive psychological, surgical, speech and dental involvement emphasize the importance of understanding the underlying causes. The etiology of orofacial clefts is complex, including multiple genetic and environmental factors. Rare forms, where they occur as one component of multiple congenital anomaly syndromes, have Mendelian or teratogenic origins; the non-syndromic forms of orofacial clefts are more common and are likely due to secondary gene-environment interactions. Recent advances in both molecular and quantitative approaches have begun to identify the genes responsible for the rare syndromic forms of cleft and have also identified both candidate genes and loci for the more common and complex non-syndromic variants. Animal models, in particular the mouse, have also contributed greatly to an understanding of these disorders. This review describes genes that are involved in orofacial clefts in humans and animal models and explores genetic approaches to identifying additional genes and gene-environment interactions that constitute the many factors of orofacial clefts.  (+info)

Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and risk of oral clefts in newborns. (5/686)

The results of previous epidemiologic research on the possible association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of oral clefts in offspring have been inconsistent. This may be due in part to methodological limitations, including imprecise measurement of tobacco use, failure to consider etiologic heterogeneity among types of oral clefts, and confounding. This analysis, based on a large case-control study, further evaluated the effect of first trimester maternal smoking on oral facial cleft risk by examining the dose-response relationship according to specific cleft type and according to whether or not additional malformations were present. A number of factors, including dietary and supplemental folate intake and family history of clefts, were evaluated as potential confounders and effect modifiers. Data on 3,774 mothers interviewed between 1976 and 1992 by the Slone Epidemiology Unit Birth Defects Study were used. Study subjects were actively ascertained from sites in areas around Boston, Massachusetts and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; the state of Iowa; and southeastern Ontario, Canada. Cases were infants with isolated defects--cleft lip alone (n = 334), cleft lip and palate (n = 494), or cleft palate alone (n = 244)--and infants with clefts plus (+) additional malformations: cleft lip+ (n = 58), cleft lip and palate+ (n = 140), or cleft palate+ (n = 209). Controls were infants with defects other than clefts, excluding defects possibly associated with maternal cigarette use. There were no associations with maternal smoking for any oral cleft group, except for a positive dose response among infants with cleft lip and palate+ (for light smokers, odds ratio (OR) = 1.09 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.6, 1.9); for moderate smokers, OR = 1.84 (95% CI: 1.2, 2.9); and for heavy smokers, OR = 1.85 (95% CI: 1.0, 3.5), relative to nonsmokers). This finding may be related to the additional malformations rather than to the cleft itself.  (+info)

A 5-year post-operative review of secondary alveolar bone grafting in the Yorkshire region. (6/686)

The objective of this study was to determine the quality of secondary alveolar bone grafting in the Yorkshire region, and consisted of a retrospective review of patients case notes and radiographs at five surgical units within the Yorkshire region. The subjects were 109 patients who had secondary alveolar bone grafting between 1.9.91. and 31.8.96. The quality of outcome was assessed using a four-point radiographic scale from occlusal radiographs taken at least 3 months post-operatively: Grade 1 = > 75 per cent bony in-fill, Grade 2 = 50-75 per cent bony in-fill, Grade 3 = < 50 per cent bony in-fill, and Grade 4 = no bony bridge. The radiographic assessment scale was assessed for reliability: inter-examiner weighted kappa = 0.622-0.715 and intra-examiner = 0.818-0.943. Grade 1 results were achieved in 63.2 per cent patients receiving orthodontic expansion and in 40 per cent without expansion before grafting. The four-point radiographic scale described is a useful tool in assessing alveolar bone grafting, Orthodontic expansion.  (+info)

Craniofacial skeletal abnormalities in anomalous calves with clefts of the face. (7/686)

Thirteen anomalous calves with clefts of the face were morphologically examined, and craniofacial skeletons were studied in detail. According to the type and site of the cleft, four groups could be distinguished: median cleft lip and jaw (CLJ); median cleft lip, jaw, and palate (CLJP); lateral CLJ; and cleft palate (CP), including unilateral and bilateral type. Craniofacial skeletal abnormalities were observed in several bones at the roof, wall, and floor of the nasal cavity and at the boundary portion between the nasal and cranial cavities. Fissure formation at the cranial sutures, partial absence of the nasal process of the incisive bone, and opening of the bony palate were characteristic changes in median CLJ and CLJP, lateral CLJ, and CP, respectively. Furthermore, various associated changes were recognized in the median and paramedian skeletal elements of the face and other organs. The morphological changes of craniofacial skeletons with various types of clefts of the face depended on the site and degree of the cleft formation and reflected developmental errors of the facial embryonic segments. These changes would suggest disorders of the correlated development of facial processes and of other fetal organs of the face. For these conditions, etiologically hereditary cases were negative.  (+info)

Popliteal pterygium syndrome: a clinical study of three families and report of linkage to the Van der Woude syndrome locus on 1q32. (8/686)

Popliteal pterygium syndrome (PPS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder, thought to occur with an incidence of approximately 1 in 300 000 live births. The main clinical manifestations are popliteal webbing, cleft lip, cleft palate, lower lip pits, syndactyly, and genital and nail anomalies. This report describes the clinical features in two families with PPS and one isolated case, showing the range of anomalies found both within and between the families. PPS has some features in common with Van der Woude syndrome (VWS), also inherited as an autosomal dominant condition, with cleft lip/palate and, more distinctively, lower lip pits. Although the gene for VWS has not yet been identified, it has been localised to within 1.6 cM in the region 1q32-41. To determine whether PPS and VWS represent allelic forms of the same gene, three families were genotyped for markers flanking and within the critical region. A multipoint lod score of 2.7 was obtained, with no evidence of recombination, supporting the hypothesis that these two disorders are allelic.  (+info)

Cleft lip is a congenital birth defect that affects the upper lip, causing it to develop incompletely or split. This results in an opening or gap in the lip, which can range from a small split to a significant separation that extends into the nose. Cleft lip is often accompanied by cleft palate, which is a similar condition affecting the roof of the mouth.

The medical definition of cleft lip is as follows:

A congenital deformity resulting from failure of fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal processes during embryonic development, leading to a varying degree of separation or split in the upper lip, ranging from a minor notch to a complete cleft extending into the nose. It may occur as an isolated anomaly or in association with other congenital defects, such as cleft palate.

Cleft lip can be surgically corrected through various reconstructive procedures, typically performed during infancy or early childhood. The specific treatment plan depends on the severity and location of the cleft, as well as any associated medical conditions. Early intervention and comprehensive care from a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals are crucial for optimal outcomes in cleft lip repair.

Cleft palate is a congenital birth defect that affects the roof of the mouth (palate). It occurs when the tissues that form the palate do not fuse together properly during fetal development, resulting in an opening or split in the palate. This can range from a small cleft at the back of the soft palate to a complete cleft that extends through the hard and soft palates, and sometimes into the nasal cavity.

A cleft palate can cause various problems such as difficulty with feeding, speaking, hearing, and ear infections. It may also affect the appearance of the face and mouth. Treatment typically involves surgical repair of the cleft palate, often performed during infancy or early childhood. Speech therapy, dental care, and other supportive treatments may also be necessary to address related issues.

In medical terms, a "lip" refers to the thin edge or border of an organ or other biological structure. However, when people commonly refer to "the lip," they are usually talking about the lips on the face, which are part of the oral cavity. The lips are a pair of soft, fleshy tissues that surround the mouth and play a crucial role in various functions such as speaking, eating, drinking, and expressing emotions.

The lips are made up of several layers, including skin, muscle, blood vessels, nerves, and mucous membrane. The outer surface of the lips is covered by skin, while the inner surface is lined with a moist mucous membrane. The muscles that make up the lips allow for movements such as pursing, puckering, and smiling.

The lips also contain numerous sensory receptors that help detect touch, temperature, pain, and other stimuli. Additionally, they play a vital role in protecting the oral cavity from external irritants and pathogens, helping to keep the mouth clean and healthy.

Lip neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that occur in the lip tissue. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign lip neoplasms include conditions such as papillomas, fibromas, and mucocele, while malignant lip neoplasms are typically squamous cell carcinomas.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip is the most common type of lip cancer, accounting for about 90% of all lip cancers. It usually develops on the lower lip, and is often associated with prolonged sun exposure, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Symptoms may include a sore or lump on the lip that does not heal, bleeding, pain, numbness, or difficulty moving the lips.

It's important to note that any abnormal growth or change in the lips should be evaluated by a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Lip diseases refer to various medical conditions that affect the lips, which can be caused by different factors such as infections, inflammation, allergies, or autoimmune disorders. Some examples of lip diseases include:

1. Cheilitis: It is an inflammation of the lips, which can cause dryness, cracking, and soreness. It can be caused by various factors, including irritants, allergies, or infections.
2. Angular cheilitis: It is a condition that causes inflammation and redness at the corners of the mouth. It can be caused by fungal or bacterial infections, ill-fitting dentures, or vitamin deficiencies.
3. Herpes simplex labialis: Also known as cold sores, it is a viral infection that causes painful blisters on the lips and around the mouth. The virus can be spread through close contact with an infected person.
4. Actinic cheilitis: It is a precancerous condition caused by excessive exposure to the sun, which leads to dry, scaly, or thickened patches on the lips.
5. Fordyce spots: These are small, painless, white or yellowish bumps that appear on the lips and inside the mouth. They are harmless and do not require treatment.
6. Lip cancer: It is a type of skin cancer that affects the lips, usually caused by excessive exposure to the sun. The symptoms include a sore or lump on the lip that does not heal, bleeding, pain, or numbness.

If you experience any symptoms related to lip diseases, it is recommended to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

'Abnormalities, Multiple' is a broad term that refers to the presence of two or more structural or functional anomalies in an individual. These abnormalities can be present at birth (congenital) or can develop later in life (acquired). They can affect various organs and systems of the body and can vary greatly in severity and impact on a person's health and well-being.

Multiple abnormalities can occur due to genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both. Chromosomal abnormalities, gene mutations, exposure to teratogens (substances that cause birth defects), and maternal infections during pregnancy are some of the common causes of multiple congenital abnormalities.

Examples of multiple congenital abnormalities include Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and VATER/VACTERL association. Acquired multiple abnormalities can result from conditions such as trauma, infection, degenerative diseases, or cancer.

The medical evaluation and management of individuals with multiple abnormalities depend on the specific abnormalities present and their impact on the individual's health and functioning. A multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals is often involved in the care of these individuals to address their complex needs.

Mouth abnormalities, also known as oral or orofacial anomalies, refer to structural or functional differences or defects in the mouth and surrounding structures, including the lips, teeth, gums, palate, tongue, and salivary glands. These abnormalities can be present at birth (congenital) or acquired later in life due to injury, disease, or surgery. They can range from minor variations in size, shape, or position of oral structures to more significant anomalies that may affect speech, swallowing, chewing, breathing, and overall quality of life.

Examples of mouth abnormalities include cleft lip and palate, macroglossia (enlarged tongue), microglossia (small tongue), ankyloglossia (tongue-tie), high or narrow palate, bifid uvula (split uvula), dental malocclusion (misaligned teeth), supernumerary teeth (extra teeth), missing teeth, and various oral tumors or cysts. Some mouth abnormalities may require medical intervention, such as surgery, orthodontic treatment, or speech therapy, while others may not necessitate any treatment.

The palate is the roof of the mouth in humans and other mammals, separating the oral cavity from the nasal cavity. It consists of two portions: the anterior hard palate, which is composed of bone, and the posterior soft palate, which is composed of muscle and connective tissue. The palate plays a crucial role in speech, swallowing, and breathing, as it helps to direct food and air to their appropriate locations during these activities.

The maxilla is a paired bone that forms the upper jaw in vertebrates. In humans, it is a major bone in the face and plays several important roles in the craniofacial complex. Each maxilla consists of a body and four processes: frontal process, zygomatic process, alveolar process, and palatine process.

The maxillae contribute to the formation of the eye sockets (orbits), nasal cavity, and the hard palate of the mouth. They also contain the upper teeth sockets (alveoli) and help form the lower part of the orbit and the cheekbones (zygomatic arches).

Here's a quick rundown of its key functions:

1. Supports the upper teeth and forms the upper jaw.
2. Contributes to the formation of the eye sockets, nasal cavity, and hard palate.
3. Helps shape the lower part of the orbit and cheekbones.
4. Partakes in the creation of important sinuses, such as the maxillary sinus, which is located within the body of the maxilla.

Alveoloplasty is a surgical procedure that involves the reshaping and smoothing of the alveolar ridge, which is the bony ridge in the jaw that contains the tooth sockets. This procedure is typically performed after the removal of teeth, such as during a dental extraction or after wisdom tooth removal, to create a more uniform and aesthetically pleasing shape to the jawbone.

Alveoloplasty may be recommended in cases where there are sharp or jagged bony edges that could irritate the gums or other tissues in the mouth, or where the alveolar ridge is uneven or irregular due to tooth loss or other factors. The procedure can help to improve the fit and comfort of dentures or other dental restorations, as well as enhance the overall appearance of the mouth and jaw.

During an alveoloplasty procedure, a dental surgeon will use specialized tools to carefully remove any excess bone tissue and smooth out the remaining bone. The surgical site may be numbed with local anesthesia or sedation may be used for more complex procedures. After the surgery, patients may experience some swelling, bruising, or discomfort, which can typically be managed with over-the-counter pain medications and cold compresses. It is important to follow all post-operative instructions carefully to ensure proper healing and avoid complications.

Oral surgical procedures refer to various types of surgeries performed in the oral cavity and maxillofacial region, which includes the mouth, jaws, face, and skull. These procedures are typically performed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons, who are dental specialists with extensive training in surgical procedures involving the mouth, jaws, and face.

Some common examples of oral surgical procedures include:

1. Tooth extractions: This involves removing a tooth that is damaged beyond repair or causing problems for the surrounding teeth. Wisdom tooth removal is a common type of tooth extraction.
2. Dental implant placement: This procedure involves placing a small titanium post in the jawbone to serve as a replacement root for a missing tooth. A dental crown is then attached to the implant, creating a natural-looking and functional replacement tooth.
3. Jaw surgery: Also known as orthognathic surgery, this procedure involves repositioning the jaws to correct bite problems or facial asymmetry.
4. Biopsy: This procedure involves removing a small sample of tissue from the oral cavity for laboratory analysis, often to diagnose suspicious lesions or growths.
5. Lesion removal: This procedure involves removing benign or malignant growths from the oral cavity, such as tumors or cysts.
6. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) surgery: This procedure involves treating disorders of the TMJ, which connects the jawbone to the skull and allows for movement when eating, speaking, and yawning.
7. Facial reconstruction: This procedure involves rebuilding or reshaping the facial bones after trauma, cancer surgery, or other conditions that affect the face.

Overall, oral surgical procedures are an important part of dental and medical care, helping to diagnose and treat a wide range of conditions affecting the mouth, jaws, and face.

The hard palate is the anterior, bony part of the roof of the mouth, forming a vertical partition between the oral and nasal cavities. It is composed of the maxilla and palatine bones, and provides attachment for the muscles of the soft palate, which functions in swallowing, speaking, and breathing. The hard palate also contains taste buds that contribute to our ability to taste food.

Facial muscles, also known as facial nerves or cranial nerve VII, are a group of muscles responsible for various expressions and movements of the face. These muscles include:

1. Orbicularis oculi: muscle that closes the eyelid and raises the upper eyelid
2. Corrugator supercilii: muscle that pulls the eyebrows down and inward, forming wrinkles on the forehead
3. Frontalis: muscle that raises the eyebrows and forms horizontal wrinkles on the forehead
4. Procerus: muscle that pulls the medial ends of the eyebrows downward, forming vertical wrinkles between the eyebrows
5. Nasalis: muscle that compresses or dilates the nostrils
6. Depressor septi: muscle that pulls down the tip of the nose
7. Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi: muscle that raises the upper lip and flares the nostrils
8. Levator labii superioris: muscle that raises the upper lip
9. Zygomaticus major: muscle that raises the corner of the mouth, producing a smile
10. Zygomaticus minor: muscle that raises the nasolabial fold and corner of the mouth
11. Risorius: muscle that pulls the angle of the mouth laterally, producing a smile
12. Depressor anguli oris: muscle that pulls down the angle of the mouth
13. Mentalis: muscle that raises the lower lip and forms wrinkles on the chin
14. Buccinator: muscle that retracts the cheek and helps with chewing
15. Platysma: muscle that depresses the corner of the mouth and wrinkles the skin of the neck.

These muscles are innervated by the facial nerve, which arises from the brainstem and exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen. Damage to the facial nerve can result in facial paralysis or weakness on one or both sides of the face.

Anodontia is a medical term that refers to the congenital absence or lack of development of all primary (deciduous) and/or permanent teeth. It is a rare dental condition that affects tooth development and can be isolated or associated with various syndromes and genetic disorders.

In anodontia, the dental tissues responsible for forming teeth, including the dental lamina, dental papilla, and dental follicle, fail to develop properly, resulting in missing teeth. The condition can affect all teeth or only some of them, leading to partial anodontia.

Anodontia is different from hypodontia, which refers to the congenital absence of one or more, but not all, teeth. It is also distinct from oligodontia, which is the absence of six or more permanent teeth, excluding third molars (wisdom teeth).

People with anodontia may experience difficulties in chewing, speaking, and maintaining oral hygiene, leading to various dental and social problems. Prosthodontic treatments, such as dentures or implants, are often necessary to restore oral function and aesthetics.

A palatal obturator is a type of dental prosthesis that is used to close or block a hole or opening in the roof of the mouth, also known as the hard palate. This condition can occur due to various reasons such as cleft palate, cancer, trauma, or surgery. The obturator is designed to fit securely in the patient's mouth and restore normal speech, swallowing, and chewing functions.

The palatal obturator typically consists of a custom-made plate made of acrylic resin or other materials that are compatible with the oral tissues. The plate has an extension that fills the opening in the palate and creates a barrier between the oral and nasal cavities. This helps to prevent food and liquids from entering the nasal cavity during eating and speaking, which can cause discomfort, irritation, and infection.

Palatal obturators may be temporary or permanent, depending on the patient's needs and condition. They are usually fabricated based on an impression of the patient's mouth and fitted by a dental professional to ensure proper function and comfort. Proper care and maintenance of the obturator, including regular cleaning and adjustments, are essential to maintain its effectiveness and prevent complications.

Tooth abnormalities refer to any variations or irregularities in the size, shape, number, structure, or development of teeth that deviate from the typical or normal anatomy. These abnormalities can occur in primary (deciduous) or permanent teeth and can be caused by genetic factors, environmental influences, systemic diseases, or localized dental conditions during tooth formation.

Some examples of tooth abnormalities include:

1. Microdontia - teeth that are smaller than normal in size.
2. Macrodontia - teeth that are larger than normal in size.
3. Peg-shaped teeth - teeth with a narrow, conical shape.
4. Talon cusps - additional cusps or points on the biting surface of a tooth.
5. Dens invaginatus - an abnormal development where the tooth crown has an extra fold or pouch that can trap bacteria and cause dental problems.
6. Taurodontism - teeth with large pulp chambers and short roots.
7. Supernumerary teeth - having more teeth than the typical number (20 primary and 32 permanent teeth).
8. Hypodontia - missing one or more teeth due to a failure of development.
9. Germination - two adjacent teeth fused together, usually occurring in the front teeth.
10. Fusion - two separate teeth that have grown together during development.

Tooth abnormalities may not always require treatment unless they cause functional, aesthetic, or dental health issues. A dentist can diagnose and manage tooth abnormalities through various treatments, such as fillings, extractions, orthodontic care, or restorative procedures.

Dental models are replicas of a patient's teeth and surrounding oral structures, used in dental practice and education. They are typically created using plaster or other materials that harden to accurately reproduce the shape and position of each tooth, as well as the contours of the gums and palate. Dental models may be used for a variety of purposes, including treatment planning, creating custom-fitted dental appliances, and teaching dental students about oral anatomy and various dental procedures. They provide a tactile and visual representation that can aid in understanding and communication between dentists, patients, and other dental professionals.

Craniofacial abnormalities refer to a group of birth defects that affect the development of the skull and face. These abnormalities can range from mild to severe and may involve differences in the shape and structure of the head, face, and jaws, as well as issues with the formation of facial features such as the eyes, nose, and mouth.

Craniofacial abnormalities can be caused by genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both. Some common examples of craniofacial abnormalities include cleft lip and palate, craniosynostosis (premature fusion of the skull bones), and hemifacial microsomia (underdevelopment of one side of the face).

Treatment for craniofacial abnormalities may involve a team of healthcare professionals, including plastic surgeons, neurosurgeons, orthodontists, speech therapists, and other specialists. Treatment options may include surgery, bracing, therapy, and other interventions to help improve function and appearance.

Maxillofacial development refers to the growth and formation of the bones, muscles, and soft tissues that make up the face and jaw (maxillofacial region). This process begins in utero and continues throughout childhood and adolescence. It involves the coordinated growth and development of multiple structures, including the upper and lower jaws (maxilla and mandible), facial bones, teeth, muscles, and nerves.

Abnormalities in maxillofacial development can result in a range of conditions, such as cleft lip and palate, jaw deformities, and craniofacial syndromes. These conditions may affect a person's appearance, speech, chewing, and breathing, and may require medical or surgical intervention to correct.

Healthcare professionals involved in the diagnosis and treatment of maxillofacial developmental disorders include oral and maxillofacial surgeons, orthodontists, pediatricians, geneticists, and other specialists.

Congenital abnormalities, also known as birth defects, are structural or functional anomalies that are present at birth. These abnormalities can develop at any point during fetal development, and they can affect any part of the body. They can be caused by genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both.

Congenital abnormalities can range from mild to severe and may include structural defects such as heart defects, neural tube defects, and cleft lip and palate, as well as functional defects such as intellectual disabilities and sensory impairments. Some congenital abnormalities may be visible at birth, while others may not become apparent until later in life.

In some cases, congenital abnormalities may be detected through prenatal testing, such as ultrasound or amniocentesis. In other cases, they may not be diagnosed until after the baby is born. Treatment for congenital abnormalities varies depending on the type and severity of the defect, and may include surgery, therapy, medication, or a combination of these approaches.

"Esthetics" is a term that refers to the branch of knowledge dealing with the principles of beauty and artistic taste, particularly as they relate to the appreciation of beauty in the visual arts. However, it is important to note that "esthetics" is not typically used as a medical term.

In the context of healthcare and medicine, the term that is more commonly used is "aesthetics," which refers to the study and theory of beauty and taste, but in relation to medical treatments or procedures that aim to improve or restore physical appearance. Aesthetic medicine includes procedures such as cosmetic surgery, dermatology, and other treatments aimed at enhancing or restoring physical appearance for reasons that are not related to medical necessity.

Therefore, the term "esthetics" is more appropriately used in the context of art, beauty, and culture rather than medicine.

Syndactyly is a congenital condition where two or more digits (fingers or toes) are fused together. It can occur in either the hand or foot, and it can involve fingers or toes on both sides of the hand or foot. The fusion can be partial, where only the skin is connected, or complete, where the bones are also connected. Syndactyly is usually noticed at birth and can be associated with other genetic conditions or syndromes. Surgical intervention may be required to separate the digits and improve function and appearance.

Facial asymmetry refers to a condition in which the facial features are not identical or proportionate on both sides of a vertical line drawn down the middle of the face. This can include differences in the size, shape, or positioning of facial features such as the eyes, ears, nose, cheeks, and jaw. Facial asymmetry can be mild and barely noticeable, or it can be more severe and affect a person's appearance and/or functionality of the mouth and jaw.

Facial asymmetry can be present at birth (congenital) or can develop later in life due to various factors such as injury, surgery, growth disorders, nerve damage, or tumors. In some cases, facial asymmetry may not cause any medical problems and may only be of cosmetic concern. However, in other cases, it may indicate an underlying medical condition that requires treatment.

Depending on the severity and cause of the facial asymmetry, treatment options may include cosmetic procedures such as fillers or surgery, orthodontic treatment, physical therapy, or medication to address any underlying conditions.

MSX1 (Homeobox protein MSX-1) is a transcription factor that belongs to the muscle segment homebox gene family, also known as the msh homeobox genes. These genes are involved in the development and differentiation of various tissues, including muscle, bone, and neural crest derivatives.

MSX1 plays crucial roles during embryonic development, such as regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. It is widely expressed in the developing embryo, particularly in the oral ectoderm, neural crest, and mesenchyme. In the oral region, MSX1 helps control tooth development by interacting with other transcription factors and signaling molecules.

As a transcription factor, MSX1 binds to specific DNA sequences called homeobox response elements (HREs) in the promoter regions of its target genes. This binding either activates or represses gene expression, depending on the context and interacting partners. Dysregulation of MSX1 has been implicated in various developmental disorders and diseases, such as tooth agenesis, cleft lip/palate, and cancer.

The dental arch refers to the curved shape formed by the upper or lower teeth when they come together. The dental arch follows the curve of the jaw and is important for proper bite alignment and overall oral health. The dental arches are typically described as having a U-shaped appearance, with the front teeth forming a narrower section and the back teeth forming a wider section. The shape and size of the dental arch can vary from person to person, and any significant deviations from the typical shape or size may indicate an underlying orthodontic issue that requires treatment.

Interferon Regulatory Factors (IRFs) are a family of transcription factors that play crucial roles in the regulation of immune responses, particularly in the expression of interferons (IFNs) and other genes involved in innate immunity and inflammation. In humans, there are nine known IRF proteins (IRF1-9), each with distinct functions and patterns of expression.

The primary function of IRFs is to regulate the transcription of type I IFNs (IFN-α and IFN-β) and other immune response genes in response to various stimuli, such as viral infections, bacterial components, and proinflammatory cytokines. IRFs can either activate or repress gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences called interferon-stimulated response elements (ISREs) and/or IFN consensus sequences (ICSs) in the promoter regions of target genes.

IRF1, IRF3, and IRF7 are primarily involved in type I IFN regulation, with IRF1 acting as a transcriptional activator for IFN-β and various ISRE-containing genes, while IRF3 and IRF7 function as master regulators of the type I IFN response to viral infections. Upon viral recognition by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), IRF3 and IRF7 are activated through phosphorylation and translocate to the nucleus, where they induce the expression of type I IFNs and other antiviral genes.

IRF2, IRF4, IRF5, and IRF8 have more diverse roles in immune regulation, including the control of T-cell differentiation, B-cell development, and myeloid cell function. For example, IRF4 is essential for the development and function of Th2 cells, while IRF5 and IRF8 are involved in the differentiation of dendritic cells and macrophages.

IRF6 and IRF9 have unique functions compared to other IRFs. IRF6 is primarily involved in epithelial cell development and differentiation, while IRF9 forms a complex with STAT1 and STAT2 to regulate the transcription of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) during the type I IFN response.

In summary, IRFs are a family of transcription factors that play crucial roles in various aspects of immune regulation, including antiviral responses, T-cell and B-cell development, and myeloid cell function. Dysregulation of IRF activity can lead to the development of autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation, and cancer.

A dental impression technique is a method used in dentistry to create a detailed and accurate replica of a patient's teeth and oral structures. This is typically accomplished by using an impression material, which is inserted into a tray and then placed in the patient's mouth. The material sets or hardens, capturing every detail of the teeth, gums, and other oral tissues.

There are several types of dental impression techniques, including:

1. Irreversible Hydrocolloid Impression Material: This is a common type of impression material that is made of alginate powder mixed with water. It is poured into a tray and inserted into the patient's mouth. Once set, it is removed and used to create a cast or model of the teeth.

2. Reversible Hydrocolloid Impression Material: This type of impression material is similar to irreversible hydrocolloid, but it can be reused. It is made of agar and water and is poured into a tray and inserted into the patient's mouth. Once set, it is removed and reheated to be used again.

3. Polyvinyl Siloxane (PVS) Impression Material: This is a two-part impression material that is made of a base and a catalyst. It is poured into a tray and inserted into the patient's mouth. Once set, it is removed and used to create a cast or model of the teeth. PVS is known for its high accuracy and detail.

4. Addition Silicone Impression Material: This is another two-part impression material that is made of a base and a catalyst. It is similar to PVS, but it has a longer working time and sets slower. It is often used for full-arch impressions or when there is a need for a very detailed impression.

5. Elastomeric Impression Material: This is a type of impression material that is made of a rubber-like substance. It is poured into a tray and inserted into the patient's mouth. Once set, it is removed and used to create a cast or model of the teeth. Elastomeric impression materials are known for their high accuracy and detail.

The dental impression technique is an essential part of many dental procedures, including creating crowns, bridges, dentures, and orthodontic appliances. The accuracy and detail of the impression can significantly impact the fit and function of the final restoration or appliance.

A syndrome, in medical terms, is a set of symptoms that collectively indicate or characterize a disease, disorder, or underlying pathological process. It's essentially a collection of signs and/or symptoms that frequently occur together and can suggest a particular cause or condition, even though the exact physiological mechanisms might not be fully understood.

For example, Down syndrome is characterized by specific physical features, cognitive delays, and other developmental issues resulting from an extra copy of chromosome 21. Similarly, metabolic syndromes like diabetes mellitus type 2 involve a group of risk factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels that collectively increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.

It's important to note that a syndrome is not a specific diagnosis; rather, it's a pattern of symptoms that can help guide further diagnostic evaluation and management.

An oral fistula is an abnormal connection or tunnel that links the oral cavity (the mouth) to another structure, usually the skin of the face or the neck. This condition can occur as a result of various factors such as infection, trauma, surgery, or congenital abnormalities. Oral fistulas may cause symptoms like pain, discomfort, difficulty in swallowing or speaking, and leakage of saliva or food from the opening of the fistula. Treatment typically involves surgical closure of the fistulous tract to restore normal anatomy and function.

In medical terms, the face refers to the front part of the head that is distinguished by the presence of the eyes, nose, and mouth. It includes the bones of the skull (frontal bone, maxilla, zygoma, nasal bones, lacrimal bones, palatine bones, inferior nasal conchae, and mandible), muscles, nerves, blood vessels, skin, and other soft tissues. The face plays a crucial role in various functions such as breathing, eating, drinking, speaking, seeing, smelling, and expressing emotions. It also serves as an important identifier for individuals, allowing them to be recognized by others.

Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a group of genetic disorders that affect the development and formation of ectodermal tissues, which include the skin, hair, nails, teeth, and sweat glands. The condition is usually present at birth or appears in early infancy.

The symptoms of ED can vary widely depending on the specific type and severity of the disorder. Common features may include:

* Sparse or absent hair
* Thin, wrinkled, or rough skin
* Abnormal or missing teeth
* Nail abnormalities
* Absent or reduced sweat glands, leading to heat intolerance and problems regulating body temperature
* Ear abnormalities, which can result in hearing loss
* Eye abnormalities

ED is caused by mutations in genes that are involved in the development of ectodermal tissues. Most cases of ED are inherited in an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive pattern, meaning that a child can inherit the disorder even if only one parent (dominant) or both parents (recessive) carry the mutated gene.

There is no cure for ED, but treatment is focused on managing the symptoms and improving quality of life. This may include measures to maintain body temperature, such as cooling vests or frequent cool baths; dental treatments to replace missing teeth; hearing aids for hearing loss; and skin care regimens to prevent dryness and irritation.

A newborn infant is a baby who is within the first 28 days of life. This period is also referred to as the neonatal period. Newborns require specialized care and attention due to their immature bodily systems and increased vulnerability to various health issues. They are closely monitored for signs of well-being, growth, and development during this critical time.

A nose, in a medical context, refers to the external part of the human body that is located on the face and serves as the primary organ for the sense of smell. It is composed of bone and cartilage, with a thin layer of skin covering it. The nose also contains nasal passages that are lined with mucous membranes and tiny hairs known as cilia. These structures help to filter, warm, and moisturize the air we breathe in before it reaches our lungs. Additionally, the nose plays an essential role in the process of verbal communication by shaping the sounds we make when we speak.

Reconstructive surgical procedures are a type of surgery aimed at restoring the form and function of body parts that are defective or damaged due to various reasons such as congenital abnormalities, trauma, infection, tumors, or disease. These procedures can involve the transfer of tissue from one part of the body to another, manipulation of bones, muscles, and tendons, or use of prosthetic materials to reconstruct the affected area. The goal is to improve both the physical appearance and functionality of the body part, thereby enhancing the patient's quality of life. Examples include breast reconstruction after mastectomy, cleft lip and palate repair, and treatment of severe burns.

Plastic surgery is a medical specialty that involves the restoration, reconstruction, or alteration of the human body. It can be divided into two main categories: reconstructive surgery and cosmetic surgery.

Reconstructive surgery is performed to correct functional impairments caused by burns, trauma, birth defects, or disease. The goal is to improve function, but may also involve improving appearance.

Cosmetic (or aesthetic) surgery is performed to reshape normal structures of the body in order to improve the patient's appearance and self-esteem. This includes procedures such as breast augmentation, rhinoplasty, facelifts, and tummy tucks.

Plastic surgeons use a variety of techniques, including skin grafts, tissue expansion, flap surgery, and fat grafting, to achieve their goals. They must have a thorough understanding of anatomy, as well as excellent surgical skills and aesthetic judgment.

An incisor is a type of tooth that is primarily designed for biting off food pieces rather than chewing or grinding. They are typically chisel-shaped, flat, and have a sharp cutting edge. In humans, there are eight incisors - four on the upper jaw and four on the lower jaw, located at the front of the mouth. Other animals such as dogs, cats, and rodents also have incisors that they use for different purposes like tearing or gnawing.

Somatosensory disorders are a category of neurological conditions that affect the somatosensory system, which is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information from the body. These disorders can result in abnormal or distorted perception of touch, temperature, pain, vibration, position, movement, and pressure.

Somatosensory disorders can be caused by damage to or dysfunction of the peripheral nerves, spinal cord, or brain. They can manifest as a variety of symptoms, including numbness, tingling, burning sensations, hypersensitivity to touch, loss of sensation, and difficulty with coordination and balance.

Examples of somatosensory disorders include peripheral neuropathy, complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), and dysesthesias. Treatment for these conditions may involve medication, physical therapy, or other interventions aimed at managing symptoms and improving quality of life.

Pregnancy is a physiological state or condition where a fertilized egg (zygote) successfully implants and grows in the uterus of a woman, leading to the development of an embryo and finally a fetus. This process typically spans approximately 40 weeks, divided into three trimesters, and culminates in childbirth. Throughout this period, numerous hormonal and physical changes occur to support the growing offspring, including uterine enlargement, breast development, and various maternal adaptations to ensure the fetus's optimal growth and well-being.

Transforming Growth Factor-beta 3 (TGF-β3) is a type of cytokine, specifically a growth factor that belongs to the TGF-β family. It plays crucial roles in regulating various cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix production.

TGF-β3 has been identified to have significant functions during embryonic development and tissue repair. In particular, it is known to be involved in the regulation of wound healing and scar formation. TGF-β3 can influence the behavior of various cell types, including fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and immune cells.

In some cases, TGF-β3 has been investigated for its potential therapeutic use in reducing fibrosis and promoting tissue regeneration. However, more research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms and potential clinical applications.

Prenatal ultrasonography, also known as obstetric ultrasound, is a medical diagnostic procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the developing fetus, placenta, and amniotic fluid inside the uterus. It is a non-invasive and painless test that is widely used during pregnancy to monitor the growth and development of the fetus, detect any potential abnormalities or complications, and determine the due date.

During the procedure, a transducer (a small handheld device) is placed on the mother's abdomen and moved around to capture images from different angles. The sound waves travel through the mother's body and bounce back off the fetus, producing echoes that are then converted into electrical signals and displayed as images on a screen.

Prenatal ultrasonography can be performed at various stages of pregnancy, including early pregnancy to confirm the pregnancy and detect the number of fetuses, mid-pregnancy to assess the growth and development of the fetus, and late pregnancy to evaluate the position of the fetus and determine if it is head down or breech. It can also be used to guide invasive procedures such as amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling.

Overall, prenatal ultrasonography is a valuable tool in modern obstetrics that helps ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus.

Dental enamel hypoplasia is a condition characterized by the deficiency or reduction in the thickness of the tooth's enamel surface. This results in the enamel being thin, weak, and prone to wear, fractures, and dental cavities. The appearance of teeth with enamel hypoplasia may be yellowish, brownish, or creamy white, and they can have pits, grooves, or bands of varying widths and shapes.

Enamel hypoplasia can occur due to various factors, including genetics, premature birth, low birth weight, malnutrition, infections during childhood (such as measles or chickenpox), trauma, exposure to environmental toxins, and certain medical conditions that affect enamel formation.

The condition is usually diagnosed through a dental examination, where the dentist can observe and assess the appearance and structure of the teeth. Treatment options depend on the severity of the hypoplasia and may include fluoride treatments, sealants, fillings, crowns, or extractions in severe cases. Preventive measures such as maintaining good oral hygiene, a balanced diet, and regular dental check-ups can help reduce the risk of developing enamel hypoplasia.

Cephalometry is a medical term that refers to the measurement and analysis of the skull, particularly the head face relations. It is commonly used in orthodontics and maxillofacial surgery to assess and plan treatment for abnormalities related to the teeth, jaws, and facial structures. The process typically involves taking X-ray images called cephalograms, which provide a lateral view of the head, and then using various landmarks and reference lines to make measurements and evaluate skeletal and dental relationships. This information can help clinicians diagnose problems, plan treatment, and assess treatment outcomes.

The alveolar process is the curved part of the jawbone (mandible or maxilla) that contains sockets or hollow spaces (alveoli) for the teeth to be embedded. These processes are covered with a specialized mucous membrane called the gingiva, which forms a tight seal around the teeth to help protect the periodontal tissues and maintain oral health.

The alveolar process is composed of both compact and spongy bone tissue. The compact bone forms the outer layer, while the spongy bone is found inside the alveoli and provides support for the teeth. When a tooth is lost or extracted, the alveolar process begins to resorb over time due to the lack of mechanical stimulation from the tooth's chewing forces. This can lead to changes in the shape and size of the jawbone, which may require bone grafting procedures before dental implant placement.

The soft palate, also known as the velum, is the rear portion of the roof of the mouth that is made up of muscle and mucous membrane. It extends from the hard palate (the bony front part of the roof of the mouth) to the uvula, which is the small piece of tissue that hangs down at the back of the throat.

The soft palate plays a crucial role in speech, swallowing, and breathing. During swallowing, it moves upward and backward to block off the nasal cavity, preventing food and liquids from entering the nose. In speech, it helps to direct the flow of air from the mouth into the nose, which is necessary for producing certain sounds.

Anatomically, the soft palate consists of several muscles that allow it to change shape and move. These muscles include the tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, musculus uvulae, palatopharyngeus, and palatoglossus. The soft palate also contains a rich supply of blood vessels and nerves that provide sensation and help regulate its function.

Pierre Robin Syndrome is a congenital condition characterized by a set of distinctive features including:

1. Micrognathia: This is the term for an abnormally small lower jaw (mandible). In Pierre Robin Syndrome, this feature is present at birth and can lead to breathing difficulties due to the tongue falling back and obstructing the airway.

2. Glossoptosis: This refers to the displacement of the tongue towards the back of the mouth. Because of the small jaw, the tongue has limited space and tends to fall back and block the airway, especially during sleep.

3. Cleft Palate: A cleft palate is a birth defect where there is an opening in the roof of the mouth (palate). This occurs because the two sides of the palate do not fuse together properly during fetal development.

The syndrome can vary in severity among individuals, and some may also have other associated conditions such as hearing problems, heart defects, or learning disabilities. The exact cause of Pierre Robin Syndrome is unknown, but it's often associated with genetic syndromes like Stickler syndrome and velocardiofacial syndrome. Treatment typically involves addressing the airway issues first, often through positioning, prone sleeping, or in severe cases, a surgical procedure to bring the jaw forward (distraction osteogenesis). The cleft palate is usually repaired with surgery within the first year of life.

Malocclusion is a term used in dentistry and orthodontics to describe a misalignment or misrelation between the upper and lower teeth when they come together, also known as the bite. It is derived from the Latin words "mal" meaning bad or wrong, and "occludere" meaning to close.

There are different types of malocclusions, including:

1. Class I malocclusion: The most common type, where the upper teeth slightly overlap the lower teeth, but the bite is otherwise aligned.
2. Class II malocclusion (overbite): The upper teeth significantly overlap the lower teeth, causing a horizontal or vertical discrepancy between the dental arches.
3. Class III malocclusion (underbite): The lower teeth protrude beyond the upper teeth, resulting in a crossbite or underbite.

Malocclusions can be caused by various factors such as genetics, thumb sucking, tongue thrusting, premature loss of primary or permanent teeth, and jaw injuries or disorders. They may lead to several oral health issues, including tooth decay, gum disease, difficulty chewing or speaking, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. Treatment for malocclusions typically involves orthodontic appliances like braces, aligners, or retainers to realign the teeth and correct the bite. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary.

A dental prosthesis is a device that replaces one or more missing teeth or parts of teeth to correct deficiencies in chewing ability, speech, and aesthetics. It can be removable or fixed (permanent) and can be made from various materials such as acrylic resin, porcelain, metal alloys, or a combination of these. Examples of dental prostheses include dentures, bridges, crowns, and implants.

"About the Cleft Lip and Palate Association (CLAPA)". CLAPA website Adult Voices CLAPA Community Cleft Lip and Palate ... CLAPA was established in 1979 as a partnership between health professionals and parents of children with cleft lip and cleft ... and Scotland which supports people affected by cleft lip and cleft palate in the United Kingdom. ... The Cleft Lip and Palate Association, also known as CLAPA, is a national charity registered in England, Wales, ...
... cleft lip cleft lip and alveolus cleft lip, alveolus, and palate cleft lip and palate (with an intact alveolus) cleft palate ... it is referred to as cleft lip. Cleft lip is formed in the top of the lip as either a small gap or an indentation in the lip ( ... Cleft lip and palate occurs in about 1 to 2 per 1000 births in the developed world. Rates for cleft lip with or without cleft ... Cleft lip is about twice as common in males as females, while cleft palate without cleft lip is more common in females. In 2017 ...
... , or Yim-Ebbin syndrome, is a very rare multi-systemic genetic disorder which ... "Amelia cleft lip palate hydrocephalus iris coloboma (Concept Id: C1832434) - MedGen - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved ... "Brachial amelia, cleft lip, and holoprosencephaly - About the Disease - Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center". ... A. J., D. K. C.; Ebbin (1982). "Bilateral brachial amelia with cleft lip and palate and hydrocephaly: case report 82". Syndrome ...
The anatomic combinations include: cleft lip [CL] cleft lip and alveolus [CLA] cleft lip, alveolus, and palate [CLAP] cleft lip ... In ICD-10-CM, cleft lip is encoded by Q36.0-Q36.9; cleft palate by Q35.7-Q35.9; and cleft lip with cleft palate by Q37.8-Q37.9 ... cleft lip is encoded by 749.10-749.14; cleft palate by 749.00-749.04; and cleft lip with cleft palate by 749.20-749.25. ... the upper lip may become clefted in the center (a median cleft lip) or on one or both sides (a paramedian cleft lip). The ...
Smile Train India Cleft Lip & Palate Association of Malaysia Smile Train UK Cleft Lip and Palate Association Facing the World ... This is a list of cleft lip and palate organisations around the world. Transforming Faces Worldwide AboutFace Smile Angel ... Project Harar American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association Smile Train Operation Smile ReSurge International Shriners ...
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate is a common birth defect that is genetically complex. The non-syndromic forms have been ... Cleft lip and palate transmembrane protein 1 (Clptm1) is a multi-transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the CLPTM1 ... "Entrez Gene: CLPTM1 cleft lip and palate associated transmembrane protein 1". Takeuchi T, Kuro-o M, Miyazawa H, Ohtsuki Y, ... in a family with cleft lip and palate". Genomics. 54 (2): 231-240. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5577. PMID 9828125. Yamamoto K, ...
The North Thames Regional Cleft Lip and Palate Service also known as the North Thames Cleft Centre is responsible for treating ... The North Thames Cleft Team have been involved in extensive interdisciplinary research and have many ongoing projects. (Use dmy ... This means the specialist teams at the thirteen centres are now treating more patients with clefts per year and as a result are ... children and adult patients with clefts of the lip and palate the North Thames region. This includes North London, Essex and ...
"Cleft Lip". One Day Films. Retrieved 8 March 2019. "Curse of the Scarecrow". ChampDog Films. Retrieved 6 May 2019. "Dagenham". ...
... cleft palate or lip; club foot (talipes); dissociative identity disorder (DID); Down syndrome; dwarfism; dyslexia; epilepsy; ...
West was born with a cleft lip and palate. On 8 August 2009, West married Lourina Pretorius a former student at Newnham College ... "Exclusive Interview with Kieran West - 2001". Cleft Lip & Palate Association. Retrieved 13 December 2017. "Follow the leader: ...
... where he became interested in local children with cleft lips. The rotation-advancement procedure for cleft lip repair, also ... Surgery performed prior to the Millard procedure involved pulling both sides of the cleft lip together resulting in a tightly ... June 4, 1919 - June 19, 2011) was a plastic surgeon who developed several techniques used in cleft lip and palate surgeries. He ... CLeft-Lip Craft". TIME. 1976-08-23. Archived from the original on February 20, 2011. Retrieved 2010-07-16. "April 2000-volume ...
Cleft lip and palate - In cleft lip and palate cases, not are there only hampering physical side effects manifested in the ... Worldwide, clefts are estimated to affect 1 in every 700-1000 live births. Roughly 25% of cleft lip and palate cases are ... Cleft lip and/or palate - Babies born with the defect will have opening in the vicinity of the upper lip. The size of the ... "Cleft Lip and Palate Program". Children's Hospital Boston. Retrieved 2007-11-07. "Craniofacial Anomalies Program". Children's ...
Cleft lip and palate • Colgate-Palmolive • Colgate • Commonly used terms of relationship and comparison in dentistry • ... LipLip frenulum piercing • Lip piercing • Lip Reconstruction • List of dental organizations • List of dental schools in ... Chapped lips • Charles G. Maurice • Charles Goodall Lee • Charles H. Strub • Charles Murray Turpin • Charles Spence Bate • ...
... and cleft lip and cleft palate. Muscle factors - the form and function of the muscles that surround the teeth. This could be ... Cleft lip and palate. Overcrowding of teeth. Abnormal development and growth of teeth. In secondary dentition malocclusion is ...
Pakistan Cleft Lip & Palate-". www.pclapa.com. "Our Ambassadors". Overseas Plastic Surgery Appeal (OPSA). (Use dmy dates from ... He is the only cleft lip and palate surgeon in Northern Ireland, and carries out 250 operations a year at the Royal Belfast ... The OPSA team operate on facial abnormalities including cleft lip and palate. OPSA was founded in 1998 by Nick Hart who, after ... Hart was the dedicated cleft lip and palate surgeon for the Hull & East Yorkshire region until 2000, when the service was moved ...
Cleft Palate Journal, 27(3), 279-288. Msamati, B.C., Igbibi, P.S., & Chisi, J.E. (2000). The incidence of cleft lip. Cleft ... the prevalence for cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL +/- P) is 2.2 to 11.7 per 10,000 births. Cleft palate alone (CP) ... had facial clefts: 20 (33%) with cleft lip, 15 (25%) with cleft palate and 25 (42%) with both Hawaii is a U.S. state which has ... Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 41(6), 622-628. Kim, S., Kim, W.J., Oh, C., & Kim, J.C. (2002). Cleft lip and palate ...
... cleft lip and/or palate; malformations of the limbs and skeleton; and/or abnormalities of the central nervous system, heart, ... cleft or high-arched palate, micrognathia (i.e. undersized jaw), microcephaly (i.e. shorter-than-normal head), kidney ...
The forms of cleft lip and palate typically seen with Malpuech syndrome are midline (down the middle of the lip and palate) or ... It is characterized by facial clefting (any type of cleft in the bones and tissues of the face, including a cleft lip and ... Observed and noted in the initial description of the syndrome as a cleft lip and palate, facial clefting is identified by ... These include cleft lip and palate, omphalocele, urogenital and craniofacial abnormalities, skeletal deformities such as a ...
He has a cleft lip. College Tour (2007) 5 jaar later (2014) "Veertigste seizoen voor Harm Edens". Televizier (in Dutch). 14 ...
The most common causes of cleft lip and palate are genetic and environmental factors. Clefts are known to occur due to folic ... Cleft lip and palate Orthognathic surgery is a well established and widely used treatment option for insufficient growth of the ... Wolford, Larry M.; Stevao, Eber L.L. (2016-11-10). "Correction of jaw deformities in patients with cleft lip and palate". ... Patient reported aesthetic outcomes of orthognathic surgery for cleft lip and palate appear to be of overall satisfaction, ...
"Primary Cleft Lip and Palate". Retrieved 2008-02-23. http://www.anatomy.dal.ca/Human_Histology/Lab6/130LL.html v t e (Articles ...
"Cleft Lip and Palate Repair". Wanchek T, Wehby G. State-Mandated Coverage of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate Treatment. Cleft Palate ... Another good example is repair of a cleft palate, or cheiloplasty, which surgically corrects abnormal development, restores ... function to the lips and mouth and produces a more normal appearance. This meets the definition of reconstructive surgery and ...
Cleft lip may be surgically corrected. Generally surgeons repair the lip when the child is still an infant. A second surgery is ... When cleft lip and/or palate are present, the coordinated efforts of a team of specialists may be used to plan an affected ... Heart defects and cleft lip may also be featured. There is no diagnostic testing that can identify fetal hydantoin syndrome. A ... Cleft palate may be repaired by surgery or covered by an artificial device (prosthesis) that closes or blocks the opening. ...
Cleft-palate and hare-lip. 1904. Appendicitis: a plea for immediate operation. 1914. "Owen, Edmund". Who's Who: 1599. 1914. " ...
The nasalis muscle is one of the key muscles not formed or inserted correctly with cleft lip and cleft palate deformity. The ... Drake, David; Colbert, Serryth (2017). "67 - Techniques for Cleft Lip Repair". Maxillofacial Surgery (3rd ed.). St. Louis: ... "Impact of nasalis muscle repair in unilateral cleft lip patients". Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery. 47 (2): 255-262. ...
Cleft lip and palate in combination; cleft lip (cheiloschisis) and cleft palate (palatoschisis), individually. Congenital nasal ... Cleft lip and cleft palate defects usually distort the size, position, and orientation of the nasal-tip cartilages. ... cleft lip, and cleft palate corrections. Dr. von Gräfe's protégé, the medical and surgical polymath Johann Friedrich ... Congenital deformity - The correction of vascular malformations and cleft lip and palate abnormalities. In vascular ...
The ancient Romans also killed children with cleft lips, due to the belief that they were possessed by evil spirits. Andrews, ... Celsus described treatments for the medical condition known as cleft lip and palate. He wrote that applying a suture and ... ISBN 978-3-540-46241-5. Shi, Bing; Sommerlad, Brian C. (13 January 2015). Cleft Lip and Palate Primary Repair. Springer. ISBN ... Galen, another Roman doctor likely described either coloboma or facial cleft. To treat this condition he recommended scarifying ...
Within craniofacial disorders and abnormalities, orofacial clefts, and specifically cleft lip (CL) and cleft palate (CP) are ... midline clefts, paramedian clefts, orbital clefts and lateral clefts. The Tessier classification describes the clefts at soft ... Related articles Ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-cleft syndrome Cleft hand Cleft lip and palate Syndromes Treacher Collins ... These clefts are characterized by a median cleft lip, a median notch of the cupid's bow or a duplication of the labial frenulum ...
SLC25A13 Cleft lip/palate-ectodermal dysplasia syndrome; 225060; HVEC Cleft palate and mental retardation; 119540; SATB2 Cleft ... OTC Orofacial cleft 11; 600625; BMP4 Orofacial cleft 5; 608874; MSX1 Orofacial cleft 6; 608864; IRF6 Orofacial cleft 7; 225060 ... and cleft lip/palate syndrome 3; 604292; TP63 Ehlers-Danlos due to tenascin X deficiency; 606408; TNXB Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, ... and cleft palate; 612290; HOXA2 Microvillus inclusion disease; 251850; MYO5B Migraine, familial basilar; 602481; ATP1A2 ...
"Facts about Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate , CDC". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 2021-07-08. "Lip cancer - ... Products designed for use on the lips include lipstick, lip gloss and lip balm. In most vertebrates, the lips are relatively ... Inflammation of the lips is termed cheilitis. This can be in several forms such as chapped lips (dry, peeling lips), angular ... chronically sun damaged lips). Cleft lip is a type of birth defect that can be successfully treated with surgery. Carcinoma (a ...
Cleft lip and palate are birth defects that affect the upper lip and the roof of the mouth. ... Cleft lip and palate are birth defects that affect the upper lip and the roof of the mouth. ... A cleft lip may be just a small notch in the lip. It may also be a complete split in the lip that goes all the way to the base ... A physical exam of the mouth, nose, and palate confirms a cleft lip or cleft palate. Medical tests may be done to rule out ...
The early techniques involved simply excising the cleft margins and suturing the segments together. ... Chinese physicians were the first to describe the technique of repairing cleft lip. ... followed by isolated cleft palate (30%), and isolated cleft lip or cleft lip and alveolus (20%). Fewer than 10% of clefts are ... cleft lip with cleft palate (2.01), and cleft lip alone (1.78). [4] ...
The early techniques involved simply excising the cleft margins and suturing the segments together. ... Chinese physicians were the first to describe the technique of repairing cleft lip. ... followed by isolated cleft palate (30%), and isolated cleft lip or cleft lip and alveolus (20%). Fewer than 10% of clefts are ... cleft lip with cleft palate (2.01), and cleft lip alone (1.78). [4] ...
"About the Cleft Lip and Palate Association (CLAPA)". CLAPA website Adult Voices CLAPA Community Cleft Lip and Palate ... CLAPA was established in 1979 as a partnership between health professionals and parents of children with cleft lip and cleft ... and Scotland which supports people affected by cleft lip and cleft palate in the United Kingdom. ... The Cleft Lip and Palate Association, also known as CLAPA, is a national charity registered in England, Wales, ...
See before and after photos of children with unilateral cleft lip and/or palate. ... Pediatric Unilateral Cleft Lip: Luc. A cleft lip repair elsewhere left Luc with skin covering his upper teeth. Surgical lip ... Pediatric Unilateral Cleft Lip: Wendy. A complete right-sided cleft lip and submucous cleft palate required surgical ... Pediatric Unilateral Cleft Lip Before & After Photos: Pediatric Unilateral Cleft Lip .svg .icon-x-sm:not(.sticky) { background- ...
Most kids with cleft lip and palate are treated successfully with no lasting problems. ... A cleft palate with a cleft lip is when a babys lip and palate (roof of mouth) dont form properly during pregnancy. ... both a cleft lip and a cleft palate. A cleft palate (PAL-it) is when a baby is born with an opening (a cleft) in the roof of ... What Is Cleft Lip and Palate?. A cleft of the lip or palate happens when a baby is born with an opening in the upper lip or the ...
Learn more about identifying a cleft lip and how cleft lips and cleft palates are treated. ... Find out more about cleft lips and cleft palates from Colgate® Oral Care. ... Cleft Lip/Palate. Find out more about cleft lips and cleft palates from Colgate® Oral Care. Learn more about identifying a ... Cleft Lip/Palate. Cleft lips or palates are birth defects that can affect baby and adult teeth. Learn more about the condition ...
Long-term speech outcome after anterior distraction osteogenesis of the maxilla in patients with cleft lip and palate. *Mark ... Long-term speech outcome after anterior distraction osteogenesis of the maxilla in patients with cleft lip and palate}}, url ... of the maxilla may increase the distance between the soft palate and the posterior pharyngeal wall in patients with cleft lip ... of the maxilla may increase the distance between the soft palate and the posterior pharyngeal wall in patients with cleft lip ...
First, clinical presentation of cleft lip varies widely, requiring a host of surgical techniques. ... Cleft lip nasal deformity offers a unique challenge to the reconstructive surgeon for many reasons. ... However, the upper lip is often scarred or deficient secondary to cleft lip. Lower lip tissue may be transferred to the ... Cleft lip nasal deformity. Bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity. Broad, flat, bifid tip; wide alar bases; and short columella. A ...
2023 Cleft Lip & Palate Association. All Rights Reserved. Registered Charity in England and Wales (No. 1108160) and Scotland ( ... cleft lip and palate. It is unique. ... What is Cleft Lip & Palate? * Dealing with Diagnosis * What ...
First, clinical presentation of cleft lip varies widely, requiring a host of surgical techniques. ... Cleft lip nasal deformity offers a unique challenge to the reconstructive surgeon for many reasons. ... Cleft lip nasal deformity. Bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity. Broad, flat, bifid tip; wide alar bases; and short columella. A ... Bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity - The hallmark of bilateral cleft lip nose is a short columella, with surgical techniques ...
After what seemed to be a long time, we were informed that our baby had a cleft lip and may also have a cleft palate but they ... Isaac immediately after surgery to repair his cleft lip. Isaac had his first surgery at 3 months to fix his lip and this was ... He was diagnosed as having a bilateral cleft and lip and cleft palate. To be completely honest I didnt know how I would react ... The wait was long and hard but the day came when the nurse called to say that my baby only had a cleft lip but they couldnt ...
Get information from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons about cleft repair surgery risks and safety. ... What are the risks of cleft lip and cleft palate repair? The repair of a cleft lip and/or cleft palate is important for your ... Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate Repair. Correcting Abnormal Development. Cleft lip and cleft palate repair surgically corrects ... Possible cleft surgery risks include:. *Allergies to tape, suture materials and glues, topical preparations or injected agents ...
... cleft palate and how doctors treat cleft lip and palate disorders. ... How are Cleft Lips and Cleft Palates Treated?. Surgically closing a cleft lip is simpler than repairing a cleft palate. The ... A cleft lip is an upper lip that is split, something that affects one out of every 700 babies in the U.S. Like a cleft palate, ... The doctor who delivers your baby will probably be able to tell right away if he or she has a cleft lip or palate. A cleft lip ...
Its cleft lip and palate. A cleft lip is a separation of the two sides of the lip ... Clefts of the lip may occur on one or ... it is possible for the child to have a cleft lip, a cleft palate, or both cleft lip and palate ... Cleft lip and palate are ... Cleft lip & palate Prescription Parents, Inc. Cleft Lip and Palate Resource Wide Smiles Inc, December 29, 2006 Together we ... Overview of Cleft Lip & Palate Management Smiles Org.. A child born with cleft lip and/or palate can have great difficulty ...
Cleft-Lip. A cleft lip is a congenital disability characterized by an opening or split on the upper lip. There are two kinds of ... A cleft lip is thought to be influenced by the interaction of the mother and fathers genetic and environmental factors. ... Without medical intervention, babies born with cleft lip and palate could have difficulties eating, drinking, speaking, and ... A child with a cleft lip doesnt have any functional problems, but its a terrible facial disfigurement. So, that will have a ...
Cleft lip is a congenital birth defect that occurs when the tissues of the upper lip fail to properly fuse together during ... This results in a separationor cleftin the lip. A cleft can range from a small notch to a large opening that extends into the ... What Causes Cleft Lip?. Cleft lip is a congenital birth defect that occurs when the tissues of the upper lip fail to properly ... What Causes Cleft Lip?. The exact causes of cleft lip are not fully understood, but it is believed that a combination of ...
Medical information on cleft lip and palate from Great Ormond Street Hospital. ... Cleft lip and palate. A cleft lip is a gap in the upper lip and can involve the gum as well. It can affect one side (unilateral ... What causes a cleft lip and palate?. Cleft lips and palates occur during the first weeks of development in the womb. The lips ... It can be a small gap in the lip (incomplete cleft lip) or it can extend into the base of the nose (complete cleft lip). ...
"Unilateral cleft lip with or without cleft palate and handedness: is there an association?" Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, ... M. L. Marazita, "The evolution of human genetic studies of cleft lip and cleft palate," Annual Review of Genomics and Human ... Cleft lip and cleft palate are indeed a genetically heterogeneous disorder. Defining more homogenous subgroups as is done in ... "Nasal airflow and olfactory function after the repair of cleft palate (with and without cleft lip)," Oral Surgery, Oral ...
A bilateral complete cleft lip is repaired with the Millard-Mulliken technique, which employs reconstruction of the orbicularis ... Bilateral Cleft Lip Surgical Tutorial. * This surgical tutorial illustrates the steps in bilateral cleft lip repair. ... A bilateral complete cleft lip, which has been previously treated with nasoalvoelar molding, is repaired with the Millard- ... In this video, clinicians and patient families talk about the diagnosis and treatment of cleft lip and palate, the most common ...
This study aimed to analyse the alterations of the maxillary dental arches of children with cleft lip and palate before and ... unilateral complete cleft lip (UCL) and unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP). The dental arches were evaluated in ... This study aimed to analyse the alterations of the maxillary dental arches of children with cleft lip and palate before and ... 3D longitudinal evaluation of dental arch in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate ...
Congenital heart disease and associated malformations in children with cleft lip and palate in Pakistan. Download Prime PubMed ... Thirty percent of cleft palate children had associated anomalies while 27% of cleft lip, with or without cleft palate, children ... Thirty percent of cleft palate children had associated anomalies while 27% of cleft lip, with or without cleft palate, children ... Abnormalities, MultipleChildCleft LipCleft PalateConsanguinityFamily HealthFemaleHeart DiseasesHumansInfant, Low Birth Weight ...
Cleft Lip and Palate Repair , Case Details Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Unilateral cleft lip repair with primary cleft ...
... clefts) in the upper lip. Cleft lip can range from a small indentation in the lip (incomplete cleft) to a split in the lip that ... may extend up into one or both nostrils (complete cleft), and sometimes into the palate. Cleft lip often occurs with... ... Cleft lip is a treatable birth defect that appears as one or more splits ( ... clefts) in the upper lip. Cleft lip can range from a small indentation in the lip (incomplete cleft) to a split in the lip that ...
While cleft lips and cleft palates are the most common congenital structural abnormalities in the facial region, the optimal ... While cleft lips and cleft palates are the most common congenital structural abnormalities in the facial region, the optimal ... Lip and palate clefts are the most common congenital structural abnormalities in the facial region. ... In the treatment of cleft lip and palate, one operation is often not enough ...
Smile Train are working together to provide new resources on the integration of dental care for children and adults with clefts ... A treated cleft lip doesnt increase self-esteem if a teenager is worried about the position of their teeth when they smile at ... Cleft lip and palate can impact emotional well-being-self-esteem and mental health-and functional well-being-the ability to ... First, for a little background, could you share more about oral health in the context of cleft lip and palate care? ...
Sundine, utilizes the latest techniques in his practice of cleft lip surgery revision. ... The cleft may either be complete (the full vertical height of the lip) or incomplete. In most cases of cleft lip, there is an ... More About Cleft Lip Revision. Dr. Sundine is also considered an expert for cleft lip repair revisions, for children, teenagers ... Cleft lip with or without cleft palate occurs in about 1 out of 700 live births. The condition may affect either the right side ...
Wendy Williams issued an apology to the cleft community after making inappropriate comments about Joaquin Phoenixs cleft lip ... Many said this qualified as bullying against those born with cleft palates or cleft lips and demanded Williams respond and ... Cleft lip. I find that to be very attractive. Williams then pulled up her lip in a mocking way and held the gesture for an ... Wendy Williams Apologizes After Being Called Out For Mocking Joaquin Phoenixs Cleft Lip January 16 , 2020 ...
The cleft on the right side of his upper lip revealed his pink gums and front teeth... Mohammed - Childrens Cleft Lip. by ... Due to Mafoudiyas cleft... Israel - Childs Health Cleft Lip. by Kaylee , Jul 14, 2021 , Children, Patients, Stories ... Vernel - Childrens Cleft Lip. by Kaylee , Jul 14, 2021 , Patients, Stories. Its impossible to be angry with Vernel because ... Awa has lived with her cleft lip for over forty years. Many people could not see past her disfigured mouth, to see the loving ...
Cleft Lip and Palate Association of Ireland. , , All Rights Reserved Design by NCIRL students , Theme by Cryout Creations ... 8th March 2023, Cleft Surgeries for Adolescents & Young Adults * CLAPAI Family Day 2022, Sat 18th June, Castlecomer Discovery ... It will also facilitate storage of all necessary cleft records for audit and research purposes. ... "provide an invaluable tool for planning orthodontic and surgical treatment for children and adults with clefts". ...
  • Cleft lip and palate are birth defects that affect the upper lip and the roof of the mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This results in disfigurement and distortion of the upper lip and nose. (medscape.com)
  • A complete right-sided cleft lip and submucous cleft palate required surgical reconstruction of her nostril and muscle and skin of the upper lip. (childrens.com)
  • A cleft of the lip or palate happens when a baby is born with an opening in the upper lip or the roof of the mouth (the palate). (kidshealth.org)
  • Babies who are born with cleft lip have a gap or opening in the upper lip. (kidshealth.org)
  • Others extend completely through the upper lip and gum into the nostril (a complete cleft lip ). (kidshealth.org)
  • During the first 6 to 10 weeks of pregnancy , the bones and skin of a baby's upper jaw, nose, and mouth normally come together (fuse) to form the roof of the mouth and the upper lip. (kidshealth.org)
  • Improve the shape and symmetry of the upper lip and nose. (kidshealth.org)
  • The simple V-Y advancement flap may serve to lengthen the columella if adequate columellar width and upper lip tissue are present, as depicted in the 1st image below. (medscape.com)
  • The upper lip is the ideal donor site for reconstruction. (medscape.com)
  • However, the upper lip is often scarred or deficient secondary to cleft lip. (medscape.com)
  • A cleft lip is an upper lip that is split, something that affects one out of every 700 babies in the U.S. Like a cleft palate, it is caused by the failure of the two sides of the face to unite properly while the baby is in the womb. (colgate.com)
  • Cleft lip is a congenital birth defect that occurs when the tissues of the upper lip fail to properly fuse together during prenatal development. (pcrf.net)
  • A cleft lip is a gap in the upper lip and can involve the gum as well. (gosh.nhs.uk)
  • It can affect one side (unilateral) or both sides (bilateral) of the upper lip. (gosh.nhs.uk)
  • Cleft lip is a treatable birth defect that appears as one or more splits (clefts) in the upper lip. (kaiserpermanente.org)
  • The cleft on the right side of his upper lip revealed his pink gums and front teeth. (mercyships.org.au)
  • A cleft lip is a split in the upper lip, between the mouth and nose. (babycenter.in)
  • Because of the lack of development of nasal and maxillary process, an interruption in upper lip formation occurs and causes the cleft lip which can be classified into either unilateral or bilateral. (bvsalud.org)
  • The line of cleft always starts on the lateral part of the upper lip and continues through the philtrum to the alveolus between the lateral incisor and the canine tooth, following the line of sutura incisiva up to the foramen incisivum. (medscape.com)
  • Cleft lip may occur with a wide range of severity, from a notch located on the left or right side of the lip to the most severe form, bilateral cleft lip and alveolus that separates the philtrum of the upper lip and premaxilla from the rest of the maxillary arch (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • Cleft lip occurs when the right and left sides of the upper lip do not properly form, resulting in a communication between the mouth, nose and lip. (associatedplasticsurgeons.com)
  • Cleft lip can be as minimal as a small notch on the upper lip or cause a complete separation of the facial elements that involves the nose and palate. (associatedplasticsurgeons.com)
  • Cleft lip may show up only as a small notch in the border of the upper lip. (3-rx.com)
  • Cleft lip may involve one or both sides of the upper lip. (3-rx.com)
  • A congenital disorder known as a cleft lip results in an opening or gap in the upper lip. (livhospital.com)
  • One or both upper lip sides may develop cleft lips, and the severity of the condition might vary. (livhospital.com)
  • The goal of cleft lip repair, sometimes called cleft lip surgery or cheiloplasty, is to close the gap or separation resulting from a cleft lip in the upper lip. (livhospital.com)
  • A cleft lip is when there is an opening or split in the upper lip. (demystifyingyourhealth.com)
  • If the separation occurs in the upper lip, the child is said to have a cleft lip. (beaumontoralsurgery.com)
  • A cleft lip is a condition that creates an opening in the upper lip between the mouth and nose. (beaumontoralsurgery.com)
  • It can be a small gap in the lip (incomplete cleft lip) or it can extend into the base of the nose (complete cleft lip). (gosh.nhs.uk)
  • A bilateral complete cleft lip, which has been previously treated with nasoalvoelar molding, is repaired with the Millard-Mulliken technique, which employs reconstruction of the orbicularis oris muscle by advancing bilateral muscular segments. (chop.edu)
  • The sample comprises 150 digitized dental casts from children, age between 3 and 36 months, divided in: unilateral complete cleft lip (UCL) and unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP). (usp.br)
  • Cleft lip, cleft lip and palate, and isolated cleft palate, are collectively termed oral clefts and are the most common congenital anomalies of the head and the neck, with a total prevalence of 2.1 per 1000 live births. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It may also be a complete split in the lip that goes all the way to the base of the nose. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A physical exam of the mouth, nose, and palate confirms a cleft lip or cleft palate. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Prenatal ultrasound revealed that Juan would need specialized care for a unilateral cleft lip and palate that affected the base of his nose, lip, gums and palate. (childrens.com)
  • If the cleft lip is wide, special procedures like lip adhesion or nasal alveolar molding (NAM) might help bring the parts of the lip closer together and improve the shape of the nose before the cleft lip repair. (kidshealth.org)
  • Cleft lip repair leaves a small scar under the nose in place of the cleft. (kidshealth.org)
  • Although the cleft nose grows as the patient ages, it remains 30% smaller than that of patients without cleft lip deformity. (medscape.com)
  • It was not uncommon for patients to have undergone as many as 20 procedures for cleft lip/palate/nose. (medscape.com)
  • Curiously, classic nasal anomaly of patients with cleft lip may exist in absence of any cleft lip deformity owing to fetal derangements affecting only the nose. (medscape.com)
  • A cleft palate occurs when there is a direct opening between the palate, or roof of the mouth, and the floor of the nose. (colgate.com)
  • When a baby with a cleft palate tries to feed, liquids or food may come out of its nose - something that can be addressed with special bottles and extra care until the baby is old enough to undergo surgery. (colgate.com)
  • A cleft can range from a small notch to a large opening that extends into the nose. (pcrf.net)
  • In most cases, children with cleft lip undergo one or more surgeries to repair the cleft and restore normal function and appearance to the lip and nose. (pcrf.net)
  • When you look down the cleft, you'll see right to the base of the nose. (uab.edu)
  • So, one of the things we do early on is try to bring the cleft together so the surgeon will find it easier to put the lip together and shape the nose in a way that makes sense. (uab.edu)
  • It has the advantage of approximating the gums, lips, and nose to a more natural position. (uab.edu)
  • In circumstances when the cleft is on two sides or bilateral, the taping and plate significantly bring the front portions of the lip and nose down and lengthen it. (uab.edu)
  • Babies with a cleft palate may also have liquid or food go into and come out of their nose during and after feeding. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • In babies with a severe cleft, there is a complete separation extending from the lip to the nose. (babycenter.in)
  • This is more difficult with a cleft palate, since the passage between the mouth and nose cannot be closed off, resulting in poor suction and preventing your baby from being able to keep your breast in his mouth. (babycenter.in)
  • The cleft lip, nose, and soft palate are repaired during infancy (at age 3 to 6 months). (msdmanuals.com)
  • It may also involve a complete split of the lip that extends into the floor of the nose. (3-rx.com)
  • A typical NAM procedure uses a plastic plate to reform an infant's lips, gums, or nose before undergoing surgery. (3dprintingindustry.com)
  • Emma's face is obviously deformed and since so much tissue had to be taken in the attempts to repair the cleft, she still has that lil' crooked smile and twisted tiny nose - - but to her Mama, that "fancy face" is the most beautiful thing she's ever seen! (famouschihuahua.com)
  • Cleft lips that do not connect the mouth directly to the nose can be left alone if they do not cause any symptoms. (vin.com)
  • As you look at her precious face, you realize there is a split in her lip that goes almost to her nose. (demystifyingyourhealth.com)
  • The split can be a small notch in the lip or extend to the bottom of the nose. (demystifyingyourhealth.com)
  • It can range from a slight notch in the colored portion of the lip to complete separation in one or both sides of the lip extending up and into the nose. (beaumontoralsurgery.com)
  • However, in about one out of every five children that have the cleft palate repaired, a portion of the repair will split, causing a new hole to form between the nose and mouth. (beaumontoralsurgery.com)
  • A cleft palate can involve some or all of the soft palate and may extend into some or all of the hard palate in the roof of the mouth. (gosh.nhs.uk)
  • Then, the residual hard palate cleft is repaired at age 15 to 18 months. (msdmanuals.com)
  • While the small cleft in the far back (soft palate) was temporarily repaired very early on (and then grew closed on its own as she got older) - the front cleft (hard palate) remains wide open. (famouschihuahua.com)
  • Cleft lip is a defect of the lips, underlying bone, and/or front area of the roof of the mouth, also known as a hard palate. (vin.com)
  • A cleft palate can range from just an opening at the back of the soft palate to a nearly complete separation of the roof of the mouth (soft and hard palate). (beaumontoralsurgery.com)
  • The cleft hard palate is generally repaired between the ages of 8 and 12, when the cuspid teeth begin to develop. (beaumontoralsurgery.com)
  • Without a cleft lip, a cleft palate is harder to see on ultrasound. (kidshealth.org)
  • Diagnosis of cleft lip is usually made during pregnancy through ultrasound. (pcrf.net)
  • Diagnosis of a cleft lip is possible by ultrasound scan during pregnancy. (gosh.nhs.uk)
  • You can look at a pre-natal diagnosis and see the cleft lip on an ultrasound. (uab.edu)
  • Based on a qualitative approach, we interviewed nine mothers of babies diagnosed with cleft lip and palate when undergoing ultrasound as part of routine examinations to monitor fetal development. (bvsalud.org)
  • A cleft lip is usually spotted at the anomaly scan (ultrasound level II) , which you usually have between 18 weeks and 20 weeks of pregnancy. (babycenter.in)
  • Today, the diagnosis of a cleft lip or cleft palate can be made with ultrasound treatment while a woman is pregnant. (associatedplasticsurgeons.com)
  • Dr. Duboys considers the birth of a baby, or the ultrasound diagnosis of a baby with a cleft a reason for urgent consultation and he will arrange his schedule so that you may meet with him either in the hospital, as in the case of a birth of a baby, or in his office within 24 hours! (associatedplasticsurgeons.com)
  • Prenatal cleft lip ultrasound imaging can sometimes reveal cleft lip, especially in the second trimester of pregnancy. (livhospital.com)
  • Cleft lip is among the most common of congenital deformities. (medscape.com)
  • In this video, clinicians and patient families talk about the diagnosis and treatment of cleft lip and palate, the most common congenital facial anomaly. (chop.edu)
  • The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of associated malformations, particularly congenital heart disease, in children with cleft lip and palate presenting to the Aga Khan University (AKU) and Murshid Hospital (MH). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • While cleft lips and cleft palates are the most common congenital structural abnormalities in the facial region, the optimal surgical procedure and its timing remain to be determined. (helsinki.fi)
  • Lip and palate clefts are the most common congenital structural abnormalities in the facial region. (helsinki.fi)
  • Cleft lip and palate is a congenital malformation occurring between the fourth and twelfth week of intra-uterine live, period corresponding to the face development. (bvsalud.org)
  • [ 3 , 4 ] Typical and atypical clefts can both occur as an isolated anomaly, as part of a sequence of a primary defect, or as a multiple congenital anomaly (MCA). (medscape.com)
  • Syndromic oral clefts are those present in patients with recognized congenital syndromes or with multiple congenital anomalies. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Congenital clefts in the palate or lip are birth defects that puppies and kittens can get in the tissues connecting parts of the mouth. (vin.com)
  • Certain viral infections or illnesses can lead to congenital clefts in puppies and kittens if the mother is sick while pregnant. (vin.com)
  • Congenital cleft lips, which can develop during early pregnancy, can impact a person's appearance, speech, ability to feed themselves, and sense of self-worth. (livhospital.com)
  • A congenital disorder known as a bilateral cleft lip results in clefts or gaps on both sides of the top lip. (livhospital.com)
  • Complex congenital conditions like cleft lips can result from genetic and environmental variables. (livhospital.com)
  • Advancement of the maxilla may increase the distance between the soft palate and the posterior pharyngeal wall in patients with cleft lip and palate, implying a risk of velopharyngeal dysfunction. (lu.se)
  • It can happen just in the lip, it can happen on one side or both sides, and it can happen right through the gums and affect the back side of the soft palate. (uab.edu)
  • Most cleft lips are repaired at about four months, the soft palate at twelve months, and then nothing else happens in terms of orthodontics until about seven or eight years of age. (uab.edu)
  • The cleft may vary from involvement of only the soft palate to a complete fissure of the soft and hard palates, the alveolar process of the maxilla, and the lip. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A less common form is when the cleft occurs only in the soft palate muscles, located in the back of the mouth and covered by the mouth's lining. (demystifyingyourhealth.com)
  • A cleft palate can be on one or both sides of the roof of the mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A cleft palate can vary in size from a small crack to a large hole in the roof of the mouth, and will become apparent soon after birth, if not immediately. (colgate.com)
  • In addition to a cleft lip, there can also be a cleft palate, which is the roof of the mouth. (pcrf.net)
  • A cleft palate is when the split is in the roof of the mouth. (babycenter.in)
  • An oral-facial cleft is a birth defect in which the lip, the roof of the mouth, or both do not close in the midline and remain open, creating a cleft lip and/or cleft palate. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cleft palate may involve only the uvula, or it may involve the entire roof of the mouth. (3-rx.com)
  • These cleft defects happen when the roof of the mouth does not close correctly before the baby is born. (vin.com)
  • Cleft palate is a malformation or disconnection of the tissues that form the roof of the mouth. (vin.com)
  • Cleft lips and palates can coexist when there is a hole in the roof of the mouth. (livhospital.com)
  • A cleft palate is an opening or split in the roof of the mouth (palate). (demystifyingyourhealth.com)
  • During early pregnancy separate areas of a child's face develop individually and then join together, including the left and right sides of the roof of the mouth and lips. (beaumontoralsurgery.com)
  • A similar defect in the roof of the mouth is called a cleft palate. (beaumontoralsurgery.com)
  • The evolution of surgical techniques during the mid-17th century resulted in the use of local flaps for cleft lip repair. (medscape.com)
  • These early descriptions of local flaps for the treatment of cleft lip form the foundation of surgical principles used today. (medscape.com)
  • Surgical lip revision restored function and appearance. (childrens.com)
  • First, clinical presentation of cleft lip varies widely, requiring a host of surgical techniques. (medscape.com)
  • Third, patients with cleft lip may have been previously subjected to numerous surgical interventions, leading to significant scar tissue in the operative site. (medscape.com)
  • With the advances in surgical techniques and corrective appliances, the outlook for children born with cleft lips and palates is excellent. (colgate.com)
  • Orofacial clefts can be responsible for major social and psychological burden in the lives of the patients and their family and require a long and multidisciplinary follow-up, including several surgical procedures, orthodontics, and speech therapy [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • This surgical tutorial illustrates the steps in bilateral cleft lip repair. (chop.edu)
  • Minimising the surgical burden for the child is also an important aspect of modern cleft care. (helsinki.fi)
  • Since the learning-curve is long in cleft surgery, you can justifiably ask whether surgeons should focus on a single surgical technique with which they are familiar instead of switching to new ones that take time to learn. (helsinki.fi)
  • Charlotta Gustafsson-Silén, LicMedSci, will defend her doctoral thesis entitled 'Surgical treatment and long-term outcomes of cleft lip and palate' on 16 December 2022 at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki. (helsinki.fi)
  • FDI spoke with Dr Larry H. Hollier, a board-certified plastic surgeon who currently serves as chairman of the Medical Advisory Board for Smile Train about oral health as an essential component of achieving ideal surgical outcomes in cleft care. (fdiworldental.org)
  • Dr Hollier shared his thoughts on oral health as an essential component of achieving optimal surgical outcomes in cleft care. (fdiworldental.org)
  • Unfortunately, many children with clefts, particularly those who live in low- and middle-income countries, lack access to surgical care and dental care. (fdiworldental.org)
  • To achieve the ideal surgical outcome in cleft care, you need oral health integrated at every stage. (fdiworldental.org)
  • Our oral health programmes for people with cleft lip and palate begin from birth with pre-surgical infant orthopedics, as needed. (fdiworldental.org)
  • After several days of silence, Williams offered an apology to Bighill and the cleft community while asking her fans to donate to a charity that helps those with facial deformities through free corrective surgical procedures. (georgetakei.com)
  • One of the simplest things we can do is place a surgical tape across the cleft site. (uab.edu)
  • FORT WORTH, TEXAS - March 30, 2022 - Simulare Medical, a Division of Smile Train, Inc., has launched the newest innovation in its growing line of high-fidelity cleft surgical simulators, the first and only Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Simulator (patent-pending). (smiletrain.org)
  • Developed by leading plastic surgeons to help accelerate the learning curve in cleft lip and palate reconstructive surgical training, the Simulare Medical Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Simulator is an anatomically accurate, lifelike, and invaluable training tool that will reduce patient risk, decrease training costs, and elevate the skills and confidence of surgeons globally. (smiletrain.org)
  • The results of unilateral cleft lip repairs are affected by both the surgeon and the surgical technique. (3dmd.com)
  • Your donation helps to fund surgical programmes, train healthcare professionals, and increase awareness of the plight of children with cleft conditions all over the world. (operationsmile.org.uk)
  • 84% Charitable spending This includes funding surgical programmes, training healthcare professionals, and increasing awareness of the plight of children with cleft conditions all over the world. (operationsmile.org.uk)
  • These alterations can compromise maternal nursing and lead to early introduction of bottle feeding and sugar in the diet of cleft lip and palate infants, compromising their oral health and the surgical/rehabilitation process. (bvsalud.org)
  • Dr. Duboys recommends surgical repair of cleft lip at approximately 3 months of age. (associatedplasticsurgeons.com)
  • Early treatment, pending surgical repair, depends on the specific abnormality but may include specially designed bottle nipples (to facilitate flow), dental appliances (to occlude the cleft so suckling can occur), a feeder that can be squeezed to deliver formula, taping, and an artificial palate molded to the child's own palate. (msdmanuals.com)
  • There are two kinds of cleft lip: unilateral, when an opening or split occurs on only one side of the mouth, and bilateral, when the opening or separation occurs on both sides. (cure.org)
  • This Simulator goes beyond that, introducing a tool that can address bilateral clefts (i.e., involving both sides of the mouth). (smiletrain.org)
  • The cleft can be one-sided (unilateral) or affect both sides (bilateral). (babycenter.in)
  • The main symptom is the noticeable split in the lip and/or palate that affects one or both sides of the face. (demystifyingyourhealth.com)
  • For cleft lip repair, the surgeon makes an incision on both sides of the cleft to create flaps of tissue that are then stitched together, including lip muscles. (demystifyingyourhealth.com)
  • If a cleft occurs on both sides, it is called a bilateral cleft. (beaumontoralsurgery.com)
  • In an attempt to unravel the genetic architecture of nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P), it can be useful to focus on the phenotype of nonaffected first-degree relatives of these patients since they have a high chance to carry genetic susceptibility loci for NSCL/P. This can result in identifiable characteristics, so-called endophenotypes [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate, which forms the largest subgroup of craniofacial anomalies, occurs in the range of 1.5-2.5 cases per 1000 live births. (medscape.com)
  • [ 7 ] The investigation was carried out in 153 families of probands with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. (medscape.com)
  • Nonsyndromic (isolated) oral clefts are those present in patients without associated anomalies or developmental delays. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A number of different gene mutations can cause the phenotype, including mutations of some of the genes that are involved with syndromic oral clefts, which suggests there is significant overlap between syndromic and nonsyndromic clefts. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In general, the risk to subsequent siblings increases with the severity of the cleft. (medscape.com)
  • Depending on the severity of the cleft palate, multiple surgeries may be required over an extended period of time. (colgate.com)
  • Depending on the type and severity of the cleft, more than one surgery may be needed. (kaiserpermanente.org)
  • However, a baby with a cleft palate could have difficulty breastfeeding, depending on the severity of the cleft. (babycenter.in)
  • Depending on the severity of the cleft, the infant may not be able to get sufficient nourishment at an age where lack of nutrition can completely compromise the infant's health and ability to grow. (vin.com)
  • The severity of this form of cleft lip can range from a little gap on each side to a more severe split that may even extend to the gums and palate. (livhospital.com)
  • Each one depends on the severity and type of cleft. (demystifyingyourhealth.com)
  • He was diagnosed as having a bilateral cleft and lip and cleft palate. (clapa.com)
  • Cleft lip and palate may occur along with other syndromes or birth defects. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Isolated unilateral clefts occur twice as frequently on the left side as on the right and are 9 times more common than bilateral clefts. (medscape.com)
  • Clefts of the lip and palate can occur separately or together. (gosh.nhs.uk)
  • Cleft lips and palates occur during the first weeks of development in the womb. (gosh.nhs.uk)
  • Each year, some 120 cases occur in Finland, with the majority being cleft palates. (helsinki.fi)
  • Cleft lips and palates occur when some of these areas do not join up fully before birth. (babycenter.in)
  • Cleft lip can occur as a unilateral (on the left or right side) or as a bilateral anomaly. (medscape.com)
  • [ 7 ] Most often these cleft lip microforms occur unilaterally. (medscape.com)
  • An isolated cleft lip can occur. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Pneumonia can occur due to cleft palates or cleft lips: trouble chewing and properly swallowing food can lead to food or milk in the lower airways and lungs instead of the stomach. (vin.com)
  • A cleft in the gum may occur in association with a cleft lip. (beaumontoralsurgery.com)
  • Cleft defects occur in about 1 out of every 800 babies. (beaumontoralsurgery.com)
  • How can I breastfeed my baby with cleft lip or palate? (babycenter.in)
  • Finally, according to the cleft side in the maxillary dimensions, even though the majority of patients had clefts on the left side, only patients with a cleft on the right side showed symmetry in this area. (bvsalud.org)
  • Some are just a small notch in the lip (an incomplete cleft lip ). (kidshealth.org)
  • The study aimed to know the experience of mothers from the prenatal diagnosis of cleft lip and palate to the birth of their children. (bvsalud.org)
  • A cleft lip may be just a small notch in the lip. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Some children have only a small notch in the lip, whereas others have a more pronounced cleft. (babycenter.in)
  • Advances in medical technology and research have made it possible to diagnose and treat cleft lip effectively. (pcrf.net)
  • Cleft Lip Revision can also be performed to help patients who are experiencing difficulty breathing as a result of the initial procedure. (drsundine.com)
  • Caregivers had no difficulty with the lip tape procedure and generally no untoward or allergic reactions were reported. (up.ac.za)
  • For a cleft palate, a 2-stage procedure is often done. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In a study conducted at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) , scientists have used 3D printing and semi-automated workflow to improve the process of nasoalveolar molding (NAM), a medical procedure used to help children with birth defects that affect their upper mouth/lip. (3dprintingindustry.com)
  • The formation of cleft lip occurs during the first trimester of pregnancy, when the face and lips are developing. (pcrf.net)
  • Cleft lip often occurs with cleft palate. (kaiserpermanente.org)
  • Cleft lip with or without cleft palate occurs in about 1 out of 700 live births. (drsundine.com)
  • Approximately 1 case of orofacial cleft occurs in every 500-550 births. (medscape.com)
  • Microform of cleft lip is a rarely reported birth defect that occurs in 0.06 case per 10,000 live births. (medscape.com)
  • As in cleft lip, a cleft palate occurs in early pregnancy when separate areas of the face develop individually and do not join together properly. (beaumontoralsurgery.com)
  • Cleft lip may be associated with syndromes that include anomalies involving multiple organs. (medscape.com)
  • Patients may have impaired facial growth, dental anomalies, and speech disorders (if a cleft palate is present), and they may experience late psychosocial difficulties. (medscape.com)
  • A study by Datana et al indicated that the prevalence of upper cervical vertebrae anomalies is more than three times greater in persons with cleft lip/palate than in those without the condition. (medscape.com)
  • 1981) reported on 39 patients with a syndrome characterized by the following frequent features: cleft palate, cardiac anomalies, typical facies, and learning disabilities. (ibis-birthdefects.org)
  • Thirty percent of cleft palate children had associated anomalies while 27% of cleft lip, with or without cleft palate, children had associated anomalies. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Cleft lip and palate anomalies are malformations that affect patients causing some alterations. (bvsalud.org)
  • Two hundred and twenty nine mothers of cleft lip and palate infants in the age range from 6 to 36 months enrolled in the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies USP/Bauru were interviewed. (bvsalud.org)
  • With rapidly advancing knowledge in medical genetics and with new DNA diagnostic technologies, more cleft lip and palate anomalies are diagnosed prenatally and more orofacial clefts identified as syndromic. (medscape.com)
  • The group of orofacial cleft anomalies is heterogeneous. (medscape.com)
  • Certain genetic disorders and chromosomal anomalies, such as cleft lip and palate, can be linked to some cases of the condition. (livhospital.com)
  • FDI spoke with Dr Larry H. Hollier, a board-certified plastic surgeon who specializes in plastic and reconstructive surgery, including cleft surgery, craniofacial surgery, and pediatric hand surgery. (fdiworldental.org)
  • Cleft lip and palate surgeries have greatly improved in recent years. (kidshealth.org)
  • This study aimed to analyse the alterations of the maxillary dental arches of children with cleft lip and palate before and after the primary plastic surgeries. (usp.br)
  • As a world renowned expert in cleft lip, Dr. Elliot B. Duboys has operated all over the world and has performed thousands of cleft surgeries. (associatedplasticsurgeons.com)
  • The columella is viewed as foreshortened in cleft lip nasal deformity. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with cleft deformity have cosmetic problems and impaired nasal airflow as a result of distorted anatomy. (medscape.com)
  • Nasal rhinometry has demonstrated statistically significant findings of smaller airways in patients with cleft deformity when compared with patients without cleft deformity. (medscape.com)
  • Cleft lip nasal deformity offers a unique challenge to the reconstructive surgeon for many reasons. (medscape.com)
  • Historically, cleft lip nasal deformity has received less attention than primary lip repair or has been ignored altogether. (medscape.com)
  • In pre-Columbian figurines, cleft lip was sculpted accurately, but nasal appearance was depicted incorrectly as normal. (medscape.com)
  • Embryologic origin of cleft lip nasal deformity is not well understood. (medscape.com)
  • Mark a point towards the cleft that is the same distance as the markings from the columellar base to nasal sill point (illustrated with lines). (chop.edu)
  • The repair of the lip is also associated with an aggressive repair of the cleft nasal deformity. (drsundine.com)
  • Nasal Alar Surface Area Differences After Unilateral Cleft Lip Repair. (3dmd.com)
  • On the other hand, the lack of fusion of the median nasal and maxillary process causes the cleft palate. (bvsalud.org)
  • Some mild types of cleft palate may not be seen but can be detected by nasal speech or other types of speech problems. (3-rx.com)
  • If the cleft connects with the nasal cavity, the puppy or kitten may cough when trying to eat or drink. (vin.com)
  • Women who take these medications during pregnancy are at a higher risk of having a child with cleft lip. (pcrf.net)
  • The incidence of cleft lip in the white population is approximately 1 in 1000 live births. (medscape.com)
  • The use of phenytoin during pregnancy is associated with a 10-fold increase in the incidence of cleft lip. (medscape.com)
  • The incidence of cleft lip in infants born to mothers who smoke during pregnancy is twice that of those born to nonsmoking mothers. (medscape.com)
  • By evaluating the incidence of cleft lip and palate in children, França and Locks in 2003 9 , found a relation of 1.24 per each 1,000 born alive. (bvsalud.org)
  • The formation of cleft lips is frequently seen as a multifactorial feature, resulting from a mix of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. (livhospital.com)
  • Most babies born with a cleft lip or palate will lead totally normal lives. (gosh.nhs.uk)
  • Babies born with a cleft lip and/or palate may have a harder time feeding than normal. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • Sometimes babies born with a cleft palate are also born with additional genetic problems, such as heart problems. (babycenter.in)
  • However half of the babies born with a cleft palate have no other problems. (babycenter.in)
  • Most babies born with a cleft lip can breastfeed even before surgery. (babycenter.in)
  • CONCLUSION: On the basis of the positive results of this investigation, it is recommended that this method of lip tape therapy be used on all babies born with a cleft lip. (up.ac.za)
  • This happens when the baby's lip doesn't form properly early in pregnancy, resulting in a split. (kidshealth.org)
  • Other factors that have been associated with an increased risk of cleft lip include exposure to certain environmental toxins during pregnancy, such as tobacco or alcohol. (pcrf.net)
  • In some cases, cleft lip can be caused by the use of certain medications during pregnancy, especially anti-epileptic medications. (pcrf.net)
  • Cleft lip forms early in pregnancy. (kaiserpermanente.org)
  • During pregnancy, too little folic acid or too much vitamin A given to the mother can result in cleft defects, although that is rare. (vin.com)
  • Pregnancy-related environmental factors can raise the likelihood that a child will develop a cleft lip. (livhospital.com)
  • Early pregnancy folic acid shortage has been linked to a higher cleft lip and palate development incidence. (livhospital.com)
  • Cleft lip formation may be made more likely by maternal diseases or infections during pregnancy, such as uncontrolled diabetes or specific viral infections. (livhospital.com)
  • Surgery to close the cleft lip is often done when the child is between 2 to 9 months old. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It's important to correct a cleft palate with cleft lip with surgery while a child is young. (kidshealth.org)
  • A cleft palate usually is repaired with surgery called palatoplasty (PAL-eh-tuh-plass-tee) when the baby is 10-12 months old. (kidshealth.org)
  • Isaac had his first surgery at 3 months to fix his lip and this was the worst time yet, nothing can prepare you for this and leaving my beautiful baby boy in the hands of the surgeons who were going to change his face forever, which I now fallen in love with his most amazing beautiful smile, I didn't want him to change but I knew he had to. (clapa.com)
  • A cleft palate is a more serious condition than a cleft lip, although both require surgery in order to be corrected. (colgate.com)
  • With a cleft palate, surgery is delayed until the child is one to two years old, when the upper jaw has reached normal growth. (colgate.com)
  • In addition to cleft lip surgery, children may also receive speech therapy, orthodontic treatment, and other care to help them overcome any challenges associated with the condition. (pcrf.net)
  • These efforts help to ensure that children in need get the vital assistance they require, like cleft lip surgery and associated treatment. (pcrf.net)
  • As the palate plays an important role in speech it is important the cleft is repaired with surgery to reduce speech problems when the child is older. (gosh.nhs.uk)
  • AU - Shafi,T, AU - Khan,M R, AU - Atiq,M, PY - 2003/6/7/pubmed PY - 2003/8/13/medline PY - 2003/6/7/entrez SP - 106 EP - 9 JF - British journal of plastic surgery JO - Br J Plast Surg VL - 56 IS - 2 N2 - Children with cleft lip and palate often have other associated malformations. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Particularly, the need for corrective surgery is the greatest in the case of extensive and severe clefts. (helsinki.fi)
  • In her doctoral thesis, Gustafsson-Silén examined the long-term need for subsequent corrective surgery in patients with different types of clefts. (helsinki.fi)
  • Dr Larry H.Hollier, board-certified plastic surgeon specialised in cleft surgery and chairman of the Smile Train Medical Advisory Board. (fdiworldental.org)
  • While rehabilitation and care of children living with clefts involves the core specialties of nursing, plastic surgery, speech therapy, and orthodontics, quality oral healthcare is also essential to ensure successful long-term health outcomes. (fdiworldental.org)
  • Smile Train is an international children's charity that provides training, funding, and resources to empower local doctors in 85+ developing countries to deliver cleft repair surgery and comprehensive cleft care in their own communities. (fdiworldental.org)
  • But the ideal outcome in a cleft surgery is not an ideal cleft surgery. (fdiworldental.org)
  • One of the most vocal critics was Canadian football player Adam Bighill, whose young son, Beau, had surgery just this week to repair his lip. (georgetakei.com)
  • This simulator is more than just a revolution in training technology," said Dr. Roberto L. Flores, the Joseph G. McCarthy Associate Professor of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery at NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Director of Cleft Lip and Palate at NYU Langone Health, and Member of Smile Train's Global Medical Advisory Board. (smiletrain.org)
  • Smile Train empowers local medical professionals with training, funding, and resources to provide free cleft surgery and comprehensive cleft care to children globally. (smiletrain.org)
  • Money raised will go towards our goal of improving health and dignity through safe surgery and comprehensive cleft care. (operationsmile.org.uk)
  • Lip reconstructive surgery, so-called cheiloplasty, is indicated at the third month of life once the baby is healthy and weighing at least 5 kg. (bvsalud.org)
  • Why choose Dr. Duboys for cleft lip surgery? (associatedplasticsurgeons.com)
  • Additionally, Dr. Duboys travels extensively throughout the world teaching cleft surgery in underdeveloped and underserved countries. (associatedplasticsurgeons.com)
  • Because cleft surgery frequently involves other disciplines, a multidisciplinary and team approach is taken with the participation of multiple medical specialties, including pediatrics, otolaryngology, speech and hearing, orthodontists, oral surgery, genetics, social workers etc. (associatedplasticsurgeons.com)
  • The primary objectives of cleft lip repair surgery are to enhance the lip's look, restore its functionality, and lay the groundwork for typical speech development. (livhospital.com)
  • The patient has a cleft lip and palate bilaterally, which has been treated several times over the years with surgery to repair it. (smilevirtuoso.com)
  • Cleft lip surgery is usually performed when the child is about ten years old. (beaumontoralsurgery.com)
  • A cleft palate is initially treated with surgery safely when the child is between 7 to 18 months old. (beaumontoralsurgery.com)
  • Babies are more likely to be born with a cleft lip and palate if they have a family history of these conditions or other birth defects. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A study by Michalski et al found that among isolated, noncardiac birth defects, cleft lip had one of the highest male-to-female ratios. (medscape.com)
  • The study involved 25,952 infants from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997-2009), with male preponderance among isolated, noncardiac birth defects being greatest for craniosynostosis (2.12), cleft lip with cleft palate (2.01), and cleft lip alone (1.78). (medscape.com)
  • These orofacial clefts are some of the most common birth defects. (kidshealth.org)
  • Orofacial clefts are among the most common birth defects with a prevalence of approximately 1 in 700 live births [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Cleft lip and cleft palate defects show up in approximately one of every 700 babies born worldwide. (uab.edu)
  • Chung H. Kau, BDS, MScD, Ph.D. Q: What are cleft lip and cleft palate defects? (uab.edu)
  • Cleft lip and palate may be associated with other birth defects. (3-rx.com)
  • Cleft lip and palate are birth defects that are usually visible at birth. (3-rx.com)
  • Many conditions and issues can cause cleft defects. (vin.com)
  • Many medications, if given to a pregnant cat or dog, may also cause cleft birth defects. (vin.com)
  • We look forward to seeing this Simulator have a positive impact on cleft surgeons at the beginning of their career and longtime professionals looking to refine their skills as well as on our beneficiaries - regardless of the type of cleft they have. (smiletrain.org)
  • Some of the reasons for the need for revision of cleft lip repairs include under rotation of the cleft repair, malalignment of the lip, the fullness of the lip, or a whistling deformity (notch in the free border of the lip). (drsundine.com)
  • Children who had a cleft palate repair may need to see a dentist or orthodontist. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Hearing problems are common in children with cleft lip or palate. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A study by Gallagher et al indicated that in children with isolated unilateral cleft lip with or without cleft palate, achievement scores and special education service usage were similar between those with right-sided clefts and controls. (medscape.com)
  • However, in children with left-sided clefts, all evaluated domain scores were lower than those of their classmates by 4-6 percentiles, special education service usage was greater by 6 percentage points, and reading scores were lower than in children with right-sided clefts by almost 7 percentiles. (medscape.com)
  • CLAPA was established in 1979 as a partnership between health professionals and parents of children with cleft lip and cleft palate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Warren et al showed that children with unilateral cleft deformity have smaller airways than children with bilateral cleft deformity. (medscape.com)
  • Children born to parents who have a history of cleft lip are more likely to be born with the condition themselves. (pcrf.net)
  • With proper care, children with cleft lip can lead healthy and fulfilling lives. (pcrf.net)
  • If one parent or child has a cleft, the chance of clefting in future children is one in 25 to one in 40. (gosh.nhs.uk)
  • Children with a cleft lip or palate will be monitored closely as they grow and develop. (gosh.nhs.uk)
  • 3D longitudinal evaluation of dental arch in children with unilateral cleft lip and. (usp.br)
  • Children with cleft lip and palate often have other associated malformations. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • From 1st October 1999 to 31st March 2002, all children with cleft lip and palate who presented to AKU and MH were prospectively enrolled in the study group. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • FDI and oral health non-profit Smile Train are working together to provide new resources on the integration of dental care for children and adults with clefts. (fdiworldental.org)
  • Given these unique needs and increased risk, it's important that children receive dental care services from professionals who are familiar with cleft lip and/or palate and that their caregivers are closely involved. (fdiworldental.org)
  • Dr. Sundine is also considered an expert for cleft lip repair revisions, for children, teenagers, and adults. (drsundine.com)
  • Parents are encouraged to participate in this study as this will help us find out whether this novel new approach to speech therapy for children with cleft palate related speech problems is effective. (cleft.ie)
  • For more than 20 years, Smile Train has supported safe and quality cleft care for 1.5 million+ children globally. (smiletrain.org)
  • Though children around the world suffer from both unilateral and bilateral clefts, traditional cleft lip/palate simulators have only addressed unilateral clefts. (smiletrain.org)
  • With this in mind, we work hard to ensure that funds are directed to programmes where they will have the biggest impact on children with cleft conditions. (operationsmile.org.uk)
  • We will show you how your donations are changing the lives of children with cleft conditions all over the world. (operationsmile.org.uk)
  • the conservative estimated lifetime medical cost for each child with an orofacial cleft is $100,000, amounting to $750 million for all children with orofacial cleft born each year in the United States. (medscape.com)
  • Helping impoverished children with cleft lips and. (healthlinx.com)
  • Children with cleft lip/palate have a variety of challenges to overcome. (demystifyingyourhealth.com)
  • Children with cleft lips/palates often have social, emotional, or behavioral problems because of their different appearance. (demystifyingyourhealth.com)
  • But sometimes a repaired cleft palate can make it difficult for a child to pronounce some sounds clearly. (gosh.nhs.uk)
  • A cleft lip and/or cleft palate can make it hard for a baby to feed with a regular bottle system that you buy at the store. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • One of the most problematic is feeding challenges because a cleft palate can make sucking difficult. (demystifyingyourhealth.com)
  • Tennison introduced the triangular flap technique of unilateral cleft lip repair, which preserved the Cupid's bow in 1952. (medscape.com)
  • The geometry of the triangular flap was described by Randall, who popularized this method of lip repair. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] This technique has resulted in improved outcomes in cleft lip repair. (medscape.com)
  • A cleft lip repair elsewhere left Luc with skin covering his upper teeth. (childrens.com)
  • A plastic surgeon will repair the baby's cleft lip first, usually when the baby is about 3 months old. (kidshealth.org)
  • Cleft palate repair requires general anesthesia and takes about 2-3 hours. (kidshealth.org)
  • This is so your baby can't put any fingers or hard objects into the mouth, which could make the cleft palate repair come open. (kidshealth.org)
  • Fourth, timing of rhinoplasty, whether synchronous or staged with cleft lip repair, is controversial. (medscape.com)
  • Cleft lip and cleft palate repair surgically corrects abnormal development, restoring function to the lips and mouth and producing a more normal appearance. (plasticsurgery.org)
  • What are the risks of cleft lip and cleft palate repair? (plasticsurgery.org)
  • The repair of a cleft lip and/or cleft palate is important for your child's development and quality of life. (plasticsurgery.org)
  • An operation to repair a cleft palate usually takes place when a child is between eight and 12 months of age. (gosh.nhs.uk)
  • Bilateral cleft lip repair shares many of the same goals with unilateral repair. (chop.edu)
  • The repair of the lip is typically performed approximately 3 months following the child's birth. (drsundine.com)
  • The Use of an Inferior Pennant Flap during Unilateral Cleft Lip Repair Improves Lip Height Symmetry. (3dmd.com)
  • The surgeon performing the repair was also a significant factor in patients with complete cleft lips (β = 3.6 percent, p = 0.005). (3dmd.com)
  • Learn about cleft lip repair procedures in Istanbul from our medical experts! (livhospital.com)
  • For a cleft lip, the repair is done within the third and sixth months of life. (demystifyingyourhealth.com)
  • Cleft palate repair is completed by the twelfth month of life. (demystifyingyourhealth.com)
  • The repair for a cleft palate is very similar. (demystifyingyourhealth.com)
  • Sometimes a baby's cleft palate is not visible at all, hidden by the roof of his mouth. (babycenter.in)
  • In the United States, 20 infants are born with an orofacial cleft on an average day, or 7500 every year. (medscape.com)
  • Lower lip tissue may be transferred to the columella, or nasolabial flaps may be recruited. (medscape.com)
  • This study uses three-dimensional photogrammetry to evaluate the outcomes of unilateral cleft lip repairs performed with and without pennant flaps. (3dmd.com)
  • Dr. Sundine is a member of the Cleft/Craniofacial Team at the Children's Hospital of Orange County and works with the other members of the team to ensure the optimal outcome for patients with cleft lip. (drsundine.com)
  • Dr. Duboys is the co-founder of the Stony Brook University Cleft & Craniofacial Team and headed the team for almost 25 years. (associatedplasticsurgeons.com)
  • Surgically closing a cleft lip is simpler than repairing a cleft palate. (colgate.com)
  • A cleft lip is usually repaired surgically when a baby is around three to four months old. (gosh.nhs.uk)
  • Cleft diagnosis begins in utero. (uab.edu)
  • Following the imposition of abortion on Northern Ireland by the Government in Westminster, the Abortion (Northern Ireland) (No.2) Regulations 2020 permit abortion up to birth based solely on the diagnosis of disabilities including Down's syndrome, cleft lip, cleft palate or club foot. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • The correct diagnosis of a cleft anomaly is fundamental for treatment, for further genetic and etiopathological studies, and for preventive measures correctly targeting the category of preventable orofacial clefts. (medscape.com)
  • The varied array of clefting syndromes - the failure of the lip or palate to fuse properly Cleft lip with or without cleft palate ( CL / P ) NIDCR grantees have mapped the gene for Van der Woude syndrome, the most common form of syndromic clefting, to a narrow band on chromosome 1. (ibis-birthdefects.org)
  • However, the genes for non-syndromic clefting have been more elusive targets In human studies, CL/P has been associated with genes on several different chromosomes There are associations with specific regions on chromosomes 4, 6, and 19 that contain both know and unknown genes Less is known about the underlying causes of cleft palate ( CP ) as an independent disorder. (ibis-birthdefects.org)
  • In an MCA, the cleft anomaly could be part of a known monogenic syndrome, part of a chromosomal aberration, part of an association, or part of a complex of MCA of unknown etiology (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • It's a way to advance equity, ensuring that a talented surgeon in Malawi has the same training opportunities as a surgeon in Dallas, and that babies born with a unilateral or bilateral cleft lip/palate have access to the same standard of care no matter where they live. (smiletrain.org)