Corneal Edema
Edema
Fuchs' Endothelial Dystrophy
Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty
Descemet Membrane
Keratoplasty, Penetrating
Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic
Cornea
Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss
Pulmonary Edema
Brain Edema
Occlusive Dressings
Trigeminal Nerve Diseases
Iritis
Corneal Stroma
Corneal Opacity
Uveitis, Anterior
Alloxan
Corneal Transplantation
Lens Implantation, Intraocular
Visual Acuity
Endophthalmitis
Epithelium, Corneal
Rabbits
Edema, Cardiac
Estimation of corneal endothelial pump function in long-term contact lens wearers. (1/128)
PURPOSE: To study the effects of long-term contact lens wear on morphologic and physiologic properties of corneal endothelial cells. METHODS: The endothelial permeability to fluorescein and the rate of corneal deswelling from hypoxia-induced edema were measured in 20 long-term (mean, 17+/-9 years; range, 5-33 years) contact lens wearers and 20 age-matched control subjects. From these data, the relative endothelial pump rate in each subject was estimated, based on the pump-leak hypothesis of corneal hydration control. Corneal autofluorescence and the aqueous humor flow rate were determined by fluorescein fluorophotometry. Images of corneal endothelial cells were recorded by using specular microscopy, and morphologic indices (cell density, coefficient of variation of cell area, percentage of hexagonal cells, and skewness) were determined. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found between the contact lens and control groups in endothelial permeability, corneal deswelling, relative endothelial pump rate ([mean +/- SD] 1.07+/-0.33 relative pump units versus 1.01+/-0.25 relative pump units; contact lens versus control; P = 0.57), and endothelial cell density. Contact lens wearers had a significantly higher aqueous humor flow rate (3.57+/-1.03 microl/min versus 2.77+/-0.51 microl/min; P = 0.005), coefficient of variation of cell area (0.35+/-0.09 versus 0.28+/-0.04; P = 0.006), and corneal autofluorescence (3.1+/-0.6 ng/ml versus 2.3+/-0.3 ng/ml fluorescein equivalents; P < 0.001) than did non-contact lens wearers. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the known effects of long-term contact lens wear on corneal endothelial morphometry, no effect on endothelial function was found. (+info)Effects of experimental exposure to triethylamine on vision and the eye. (2/128)
OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of triethylamine (TEA) on the cornea and to evaluate the cause of blurred vision. To find the lowest observed effect concentration of exposure to TEA. METHODS: Four people were exposed to TEA for 4 hours at concentrations of 40.6, 6.5, and 3.0 mg/m3. Before and after every exposure, symptoms and ocular microscopy findings were recorded. Binocular visual acuity and contrast sensitivity at 2.5% contrast were also measured. Also, before and after the 40.6 mg/m3 exposure, corneal thickness was measured and ocular dimensions were recorded by ultrasonography, endothelial cells of the cornea were analysed, and serum and lacrimal specimens were collected for the analysis of TEA. RESULTS: After exposure to 40.6 mg/m3 TEA there was a marked oedema in the corneal epithelium and subepithelial microcysts. However, corneal thickness increased only minimally because of the epithelial oedema. The lacrimal concentrations of TEA were, on average (range) 41 (18-83) times higher than the serum TEA concentrations. The vision was blurred in all subjects and visual acuity and contrast sensitivity had decreased in three of the four subjects. After exposure to TEA at 6.5 mg/m3 two subjects experienced symptoms, and contrast sensitivity had decreased in three of the four subjects. There were no symptoms or decreases in contrast sensitivity after exposure to a TEA concentration of 3.0 mg/m3. CONCLUSIONS: TEA caused a marked oedema and microcysts in corneal epithelium but only minor increases in corneal thickness. The effects may be mediated by the lacrimal fluid owing to its high TEA concentration. Four hour exposure to a TEA concentration of 3.0 mg/m3 seemed to cause no effects, whereas exposure to 6.5 mg/m3 for the same period caused blurred vision and a decrease in contrast sensitivity. (+info)Clinical estimation of corneal endothelial pump function. (3/128)
PURPOSE: To develop a technique to estimate the corneal endothelial pump rate in human subjects. METHODS: Corneal hydration control is thought to be maintained by a pump-leak mechanism whereby the leak of solutes and fluid across the endothelial barrier into the stroma is, in the steady state, exactly balanced by the pumping of solutes and passive fluid transfer across the endothelium to the aqueous humor. Overall corneal hydration control can be measured from the rate at which the swollen cornea thins (deswells), and a measure of the leak can be obtained simultaneously from the endothelial permeability to fluorescein. From the pump-leak hypothesis, the deswelling rate is directly proportional to the pump rate and inversely proportional to the leak rate. The relative endothelial pump rate can be estimated as the product of the normalized deswelling rate and the normalized endothelial permeability. This procedure was used to obtain the relative endothelial pump rate in 41 patients with diabetes mellitus, 12 patients with long-term corneal transplants, 20 long-term wearers of contact lenses, and 19 normal volunteer subjects after the short-term administration of topical dorzolamide. RESULTS: The relative endothelial pump rate did not differ significantly from that of control subjects in diabetics, in contact lens wearers, and after dorzolamide administration, but was markedly decreased in the patients with corneal transplants, despite a reduction in permeability (reduced leak). CONCLUSIONS: This method allows the estimation of both the barrier and pump arms of corneal endothelial function and should be useful in the investigation of causes and mechanisms of functional endothelial insufficiency. (+info)Sympathetic swelling response of the control eye to soft lenses in the other eye. (4/128)
PURPOSE: To compare central corneal swelling and light scatter after 8 hours of sleep in eyes wearing high- and low-Dk hydrogel lenses and to the contralateral control eyes. METHODS: Twenty neophyte subjects wore a Lotrafilcon A (Dk, 140; Ciba Vision, Duluth GA) silicone hydrogel lens and an Etafilcon A (Dk, 18; Acuvue; Vistakon, Jacksonville, FL) 58% water content hydrogel lens of similar center thickness in random order in the right eye only, for overnight 8-hour periods. The contralateral nonwearing left eyes served as controls. Central corneal thickness was measured using an optical pachometer and light scatter using a Van den Berg stray-light meter before lens insertion, after lens removal on waking, and every 20 minutes for the next 3 hours. RESULTS: Central corneal swelling induced by the Etafilcon A lens on eye opening was significantly higher than with the Lotrafilcon A lens (8.66%+/-2.84% versus 2.71%+/-1.91%; P<0.00001). Light scatter induced by the Etafilcon A lens on eye opening was significantly higher than with the Lotrafilcon A lens (46.09+/-5.62 versus 42.78+/-6.07 Van den Berg units, P = 0.0078). The swelling of the control eyes paired with the Etafilcon A lens-wearing eyes was also slightly but significantly higher than that of the control eyes paired with the Lotrafilcon A lens-wearing eyes (2.34%+/-1.26% versus 1.44%+/-0.91%; P = 0.0002). Light-scatter measurements were not significantly different between control sets of eyes but showed the same trend. CONCLUSIONS: In neophyte subjects, corneal swelling of the contralateral control eyes appears to be influenced by the swelling of the fellow lens-wearing eyes-that is, the swelling of the contralateral control eye was significantly lower when there was less swelling of the fellow eye wearing the high-Dk lens. Although there was no statistically significant difference in light-scatter measurements between the control sets of eyes, a trend similar to the corneal swelling results was observed, which could be used to support the suggestion that this may be a sympathetic physiological response rather than an unusual sampling coincidence. (+info)Acute hydrops in the corneal ectasias: associated factors and outcomes. (5/128)
PURPOSE: To identify factors associated with the development of hydrops and affecting its clinical outcome. METHODS: Chart review of all patients with acute hydrops seen by a referral cornea service during a 2.5-year period between June 1996 and December 1998. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients (22 eyes) with acute hydrops were seen. Nineteen patients had keratoconus, 2 had pellucid marginal degeneration, and 1 had keratoglobus. Twenty-one of 22 (95%) eyes had seasonal allergies and 20 of 22 (91%) eyes had allergy-associated eye-rubbing behavior. Six of 22 (27%) had a diagnosis of Down's syndrome. Six patients were able to identify a traumatic inciting event: vigorous eye rubbing in 4 and traumatic contact lens insertion in 2. The affected area ranged from 7% to 100% of the corneal surface area and was related to disease duration and final visual acuity. Proximity of the area of edema to the corneal limbus ranged from 0 to 2.3 mm and was also related to prognosis. Three serious complications were observed: a leak, an infectious keratitis, and an infectious keratitis and coincidental neovascular glaucoma. Various medical therapies did not differ significantly in their effect on outcome, and ultimately 4 (18%) of 22 patients underwent penetrating keratoplasty. Best-corrected visual acuity was equal to or better than prehydrops visual acuity in 5 of the 6 patients in whom prehydrops visual acuity was known, without corneal transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: Allergy and eye-rubbing appear to be important risk factors in the development of hydrops. Visual results are acceptable in some patients without surgery. Close observation allows for the early detection and treatment of complications such as perforation and infection. (+info)Anomalous acute inflammatory response in rabbit corneal stroma. (6/128)
PURPOSE: To investigate the nature and cause of an acute, anomalous stromal edema after epithelial debridement in the rabbit cornea. METHODS: Series I: Adult New Zealand White rabbit corneas were mounted in perfusion chambers. The endothelium was bathed with Ringer's fluid, and the outer surface was covered with silicone oil. The epithelium of one eye was debrided with a scalpel before mounting, and the cornea of the fellow eye was debrided with a rotating brush after stabilization in the perfusion chamber. Using specular microscope tracking software, it was possible to measure total swelling and local swelling within the cornea. Series II: Diclofenac sodium ophthalmic solution 0.1% or a placebo was applied topically, 1 drop per 45 minutes for 3 hours before animals were euthanatized. RESULTS: Series I: Corneas with their epithelium scraped with a scalpel before mounting were 37.5 +/- 17.5 microm (n = 6; P < 0.001) thicker in vitro than the stromas of perfused, intact fellow corneas. Epithelial debridement with a rotating brush after mounting resulted in an immediate (within 8 minutes) stromal swelling that plateaued in 1 hour at 31.0 +/- 5.3 microm (n = 6; P < 0.001). Curiously, in six of six corneas, the anterior stroma swelled more than the posterior stroma. In four of six corneas, the posterior stroma thinned. Analysis showed this pattern to be consistent with a sudden increase in anterior swelling pressure or osmotic pressure and to be inconsistent with a change in endothelial transport properties. Series II: Placebo-treated corneas swelled 30.6 +/- 7.7 microm (n = 5) 1 hour after debridement, whereas corneas pretreated with diclofenac sodium swelled only 19.2 +/- 3.1 microm (n = 6; P < 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: The anterior stromal swelling occurs rapidly and near the site of epithelial injury suggesting messenger and/or enzymatic involvement with an effect parallel to apoptosis. Reduction of the swelling response with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) implicates the cyclooxygenase pathway. The swelling is similar to the unexplained acute edema that occurs during inflammation in the rat paw edema model, and may represent a general mechanism for mobilization of inflammatory cells. (+info)Measurement of mRNAs for TGFss and extracellular matrix proteins in corneas of rats after PRK. (7/128)
PURPOSE: To assess the role of the transforming growth factor (TGF)ss system in formation of corneal haze after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), levels of mRNAs for three TGFss isoforms (TGFss1, TGFss2, and TGFss3), the TGFss type II receptor (TssRII), and extracellular matrix (ECM) genes including fibronectin (FN), collagen I, collagen III, and collagen IV were measured in rat corneas. METHODS: Corneas were graded for corneal haze at 0, 1.5, 7, 21, 42, and 91 days after PRK. Total RNA was isolated from pooled corneas, and the levels of mRNAs were measured using competition-based quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: Severe corneal haze developed by day 42 and persisted to day 91. Levels of TGFss1 mRNA were high in rat corneas before PRK and remained relatively constant. In contrast, levels of TGFss2 and TGFss3 mRNAs were very low in normal corneas, increased 300-fold and 25-fold, respectively, on day 21, and remained elevated on day 91. Levels of mRNA for TssRII increased, with a peak elevation of 50-fold on day 42 after PRK. Levels of mRNAs for ECM proteins also increased. Fibronectin mRNA was nondetectable in normal corneas but rapidly increased to 675 copies/cell on day 7 and remained elevated to day 91. Collagen III mRNA levels peaked on day 21 with a 700-fold increase compared with a very low level of expression in normal cornea, and then decreased on day 91. Expression of collagen I mRNA lagged expression of collagen III mRNA and peaked at day 42 after PRK with a 1200-fold increase over normal cornea. In contrast, mRNA for collagen alpha(1)IV, a major component in basement membranes, remained relatively stable through day 21 and then increased slightly on days 42 and 91. CONCLUSIONS: The synchronized increase in mRNA synthesis for both the TGFss system and key ECM genes supports the hypothesis that TGFss is a key growth factor promoting stromal haze formation in corneas after PRK and suggests that limiting TGFss system may reduce corneal scarring after excimer laser ablation. (+info)Blockade of TGF-beta by in vivo gene transfer of a soluble TGF-beta type II receptor in the muscle inhibits corneal opacification, edema and angiogenesis. (8/128)
Accumulating evidence suggests the involvement of TGF-beta in the process of corneal opacity, which is one of the serious causes of visual loss. However, whether TGF-beta is indeed critical for the pathogenesis remains unknown. We constructed an adenovirus expressing an entire ectodomain of the human type II TGF-beta receptor fused to Fc portion of human IgG (AdTbeta-ExR): this soluble receptor is secreted from AdTbeta-ExR-infected cells, binds to TGF-beta and inhibits TGF-beta signaling. When AdTbeta-ExR was injected into the femoral muscle of Balb/c mice, a high level of the soluble receptor protein (2.0-3.5 x 10(3) pM) was detectable in the serum and in the ocular fluid for at least 10 days. In the mice subjected to corneal injury with silver nitrate and to intramuscular injection with either saline or a control adenovirus expressing beta-galactosidase (AdLacZ), corneal opacification composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, of infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, and of angiogenesis were all induced. In contrast, they were markedly reduced in the mice injected with AdTbeta-ExR. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that TGF-beta, fibronectin, macrophage chemoattractant protein-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor were densely stained in the edge of wounded cornea, but they were scarcely present in the injured-cornea of AdTbeta-ExR-treated mice. Our results demonstrate that TGF-beta indeed plays a critical role in the process of cornea opacification, and that adenovirus-mediated expression of a soluble TGF-beta receptor can be therapeutically useful. (+info)Corneal edema is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the cornea, which is the clear, dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye. This buildup of fluid causes the cornea to swell and thicken, resulting in blurry or distorted vision. Corneal edema can be caused by various factors, including eye injuries, certain medications, eye surgeries, and diseases that affect the eye's ability to pump fluids out of the cornea. In some cases, corneal edema may resolve on its own or with treatment, but in severe cases, it may require a corneal transplant.
Edema is the medical term for swelling caused by excess fluid accumulation in the body tissues. It can affect any part of the body, but it's most commonly noticed in the hands, feet, ankles, and legs. Edema can be a symptom of various underlying medical conditions, such as heart failure, kidney disease, liver disease, or venous insufficiency.
The swelling occurs when the capillaries leak fluid into the surrounding tissues, causing them to become swollen and puffy. The excess fluid can also collect in the cavities of the body, leading to conditions such as pleural effusion (fluid around the lungs) or ascites (fluid in the abdominal cavity).
The severity of edema can vary from mild to severe, and it may be accompanied by other symptoms such as skin discoloration, stiffness, and pain. Treatment for edema depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, lifestyle changes, or medical procedures.
Corneal diseases are a group of disorders that affect the cornea, which is the clear, dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye. The cornea plays an important role in focusing vision, and any damage or disease can cause significant visual impairment or loss. Some common types of corneal diseases include:
1. Keratoconus: A progressive disorder in which the cornea thins and bulges outward into a cone shape, causing distorted vision.
2. Fuchs' dystrophy: A genetic disorder that affects the inner layer of the cornea called the endothelium, leading to swelling, cloudiness, and decreased vision.
3. Dry eye syndrome: A condition in which the eyes do not produce enough tears or the tears evaporate too quickly, causing discomfort, redness, and blurred vision.
4. Corneal ulcers: Open sores on the cornea that can be caused by infection, trauma, or other factors.
5. Herpes simplex keratitis: A viral infection of the cornea that can cause recurrent episodes of inflammation, scarring, and vision loss.
6. Corneal dystrophies: Inherited disorders that affect the structure and clarity of the cornea, leading to visual impairment or blindness.
7. Bullous keratopathy: A condition in which the endothelium fails to pump fluid out of the cornea, causing it to swell and form blisters.
8. Corneal trauma: Injury to the cornea caused by foreign objects, chemicals, or other factors that can lead to scarring, infection, and vision loss.
Treatment for corneal diseases varies depending on the specific condition and severity of the disease. Options may include eyedrops, medications, laser surgery, corneal transplantation, or other treatments.
Fuchs' Endothelial Dystrophy is a medical condition that affects the eye's cornea. It is a slowly progressing disorder that causes the endothelium, a thin layer of cells lining the inner surface of the cornea, to deteriorate and eventually fail to function properly. This results in swelling of the cornea, leading to cloudy vision, distorted vision, and sensitivity to light.
The condition is typically inherited and tends to affect both eyes. It is more common in women than in men and usually becomes apparent after the age of 50. There is no cure for Fuchs' Endothelial Dystrophy, but treatments such as corneal transplantation can help improve vision and alleviate symptoms.
Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSEK) is a type of corneal transplant surgery that involves replacing the damaged endothelium (inner layer) of the cornea with healthy endothelial cells from a donor. In this procedure, the surgeon removes the patient's Descemet's membrane (a thin, clear tissue beneath the endothelium) along with the damaged endothelium. Then, a thin disc of donor tissue, which includes both the endothelium and a small portion of the adjacent corneal stroma, is inserted into the eye and positioned using an air bubble. The new endothelial cells help to pump excess fluid out of the cornea, allowing it to become clear again. DSEK typically results in faster visual recovery and lower rejection rates compared to traditional full-thickness corneal transplantation.
The endothelium of the cornea is the thin, innermost layer of cells that lines the inner surface of the cornea, which is the clear, dome-shaped structure at the front of the eye. This single layer of specialized cells is essential for maintaining the transparency and proper hydration of the cornea, allowing light to pass through it and focus on the retina.
The endothelial cells are hexagonal in shape and have tight junctions between them, creating a semi-permeable barrier that controls the movement of water and solutes between the corneal stroma (the middle layer of the cornea) and the anterior chamber (the space between the cornea and the iris). The endothelial cells actively pump excess fluid out of the cornea, maintaining a delicate balance of hydration that is critical for corneal clarity.
Damage to or dysfunction of the corneal endothelium can result in corneal edema (swelling), cloudiness, and loss of vision. Factors contributing to endothelial damage include aging, eye trauma, intraocular surgery, and certain diseases such as Fuchs' dystrophy and glaucoma.
The Descemet membrane is the thin, transparent basement membrane that is produced by the corneal endothelial cells. It is located between the corneal stroma and the corneal endothelium, which is the innermost layer of the cornea. The Descemet membrane provides structural support for the corneal endothelium and helps to maintain the proper hydration and clarity of the cornea. It is named after the French physician Jean Descemet, who first described it in 1752.
Penetrating keratoplasty (PK) is a type of corneal transplant surgery where the entire thickness of the host's damaged or diseased cornea is removed and replaced with a similar full-thickness portion of a healthy donor's cornea. The procedure aims to restore visual function, alleviate pain, and improve the structural integrity of the eye. It is typically performed for conditions such as severe keratoconus, corneal scarring, or corneal ulcers that cannot be treated with other, less invasive methods. Following the surgery, patients may require extended recovery time and rigorous postoperative care to minimize the risk of complications and ensure optimal visual outcomes.
Hydrophilic contact lenses are a type of contact lens that is designed to absorb and retain water. These lenses are made from materials that have an affinity for water, which helps them to remain moist and comfortable on the eye. The water content of hydrophilic contact lenses can vary, but typically ranges from 30-80% by weight.
Hydrophilic contact lenses are often used to correct refractive errors such as myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), and astigmatism. They can be made in a variety of materials, including soft hydrogel and silicone hydrogel.
One advantage of hydrophilic contact lenses is that they tend to be more comfortable to wear than other types of contacts, as they retain moisture and conform closely to the shape of the eye. However, they may also be more prone to deposits and buildup, which can lead to protein accumulation and discomfort over time. Proper care and cleaning are essential to maintain the health of the eyes when wearing hydrophilic contact lenses.
The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye. It plays a crucial role in focusing vision. The cornea protects the eye from harmful particles and microorganisms, and it also serves as a barrier against UV light. Its transparency allows light to pass through and get focused onto the retina. The cornea does not contain blood vessels, so it relies on tears and the fluid inside the eye (aqueous humor) for nutrition and oxygen. Any damage or disease that affects its clarity and shape can significantly impact vision and potentially lead to blindness if left untreated.
Corneal endothelial cell loss refers to the decrease in the number of corneal endothelial cells, which is a layer of cells that line the inner surface of the cornea. These cells are essential for maintaining the clarity and health of the cornea, as they help to pump fluids out of the cornea and maintain its transparency.
Corneal endothelial cell loss can occur due to various reasons such as aging, eye trauma, surgery (such as cataract surgery), diseases (such as Fuchs' dystrophy), or inherited conditions. When the number of endothelial cells decreases below a certain threshold, it can lead to corneal swelling, cloudiness, and vision loss.
The rate of corneal endothelial cell loss varies from person to person, but on average, people lose about 0.6% of their endothelial cells per year. Factors such as age, certain medical conditions, and previous eye surgery can increase the rate of cell loss. In some cases, corneal transplantation may be necessary to replace damaged or lost endothelial cells and restore vision.
Pseudophakia is a medical term that refers to the condition where a person's natural lens in the eye has been replaced with an artificial one. This procedure is typically performed during cataract surgery, where the cloudy, natural lens is removed and replaced with a clear, artificial lens to improve vision. The prefix "pseudo" means false or fake, and "phakia" refers to the natural lens of the eye, hence the term "Pseudophakia" implies a false or artificial lens.
Iris diseases refer to a variety of conditions that affect the iris, which is the colored part of the eye that regulates the amount of light reaching the retina by adjusting the size of the pupil. Some common iris diseases include:
1. Iritis: This is an inflammation of the iris and the adjacent tissues in the eye. It can cause pain, redness, photophobia (sensitivity to light), and blurred vision.
2. Aniridia: A congenital condition characterized by the absence or underdevelopment of the iris. This can lead to decreased visual acuity, sensitivity to light, and an increased risk of glaucoma.
3. Iris cysts: These are fluid-filled sacs that form on the iris. They are usually benign but can cause vision problems if they grow too large or interfere with the function of the eye.
4. Iris melanoma: A rare type of eye cancer that develops in the pigmented cells of the iris. It can cause symptoms such as blurred vision, floaters, and changes in the appearance of the iris.
5. Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome (ICE): A group of rare eye conditions that affect the cornea and the iris. They are characterized by the growth of abnormal tissue on the back surface of the cornea and can lead to vision loss.
It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of iris diseases, as early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications and preserve your vision.
Pulmonary edema is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the alveoli (air sacs) and interstitial spaces (the area surrounding the alveoli) within the lungs. This buildup of fluid can lead to impaired gas exchange, resulting in shortness of breath, coughing, and difficulty breathing, especially when lying down. Pulmonary edema is often a complication of heart failure, but it can also be caused by other conditions such as pneumonia, trauma, or exposure to certain toxins.
In the early stages of pulmonary edema, patients may experience mild symptoms such as shortness of breath during physical activity. However, as the condition progresses, symptoms can become more severe and include:
* Severe shortness of breath, even at rest
* Wheezing or coughing up pink, frothy sputum
* Rapid breathing and heart rate
* Anxiety or restlessness
* Bluish discoloration of the skin (cyanosis) due to lack of oxygen
Pulmonary edema can be diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, chest X-ray, and other diagnostic tests such as echocardiography or CT scan. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the condition, as well as providing supportive care such as supplemental oxygen, diuretics to help remove excess fluid from the body, and medications to help reduce anxiety and improve breathing. In severe cases, mechanical ventilation may be necessary to support respiratory function.
Brain edema is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain, leading to an increase in intracranial pressure. This can result from various causes, such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, infection, brain tumors, or inflammation. The swelling of the brain can compress vital structures, impair blood flow, and cause neurological symptoms, which may range from mild headaches to severe cognitive impairment, seizures, coma, or even death if not treated promptly and effectively.
Foreign bodies in the eye refer to any object or particle that is not normally present in the eye and becomes lodged in it. These foreign bodies can range from small particles like sand or dust to larger objects such as metal shavings or glass. They can cause irritation, pain, redness, watering, and even vision loss if they are not removed promptly and properly.
The symptoms of an eye foreign body may include:
* A feeling that something is in the eye
* Pain or discomfort in the eye
* Redness or inflammation of the eye
* Watering or tearing of the eye
* Sensitivity to light
* Blurred vision or difficulty seeing
If you suspect that you have a foreign body in your eye, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. An eye care professional can examine your eye and determine the best course of treatment to remove the foreign body and prevent any further damage to your eye.
Contact lenses are thin, curved plastic or silicone hydrogel devices that are placed on the eye to correct vision, replace a missing or damaged cornea, or for cosmetic purposes. They rest on the surface of the eye, called the cornea, and conform to its shape. Contact lenses are designed to float on a thin layer of tears and move with each blink.
There are two main types of contact lenses: soft and rigid gas permeable (RGP). Soft contact lenses are made of flexible hydrophilic (water-absorbing) materials that allow oxygen to pass through the lens to the cornea. RGP lenses are made of harder, more oxygen-permeable materials.
Contact lenses can be used to correct various vision problems, including nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, and presbyopia. They come in different shapes, sizes, and powers to suit individual needs and preferences. Proper care, handling, and regular check-ups with an eye care professional are essential for maintaining good eye health and preventing complications associated with contact lens wear.
Occlusive dressings are specialized bandages or coverings that form a barrier over the skin, preventing air and moisture from passing through. They are designed to create a moist environment that promotes healing by increasing local blood flow, reducing wound desiccation, and encouraging the growth of new tissue. Occlusive dressings can also help to minimize pain, scarring, and the risk of infection in wounds. These dressings are often used for dry, necrotic, or hard-to-heal wounds, such as pressure ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, and burns. It is important to monitor the wound closely while using occlusive dressings, as they can sometimes lead to skin irritation or maceration if left in place for too long.
Trigeminal nerve diseases refer to conditions that affect the trigeminal nerve, which is one of the cranial nerves responsible for sensations in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing. The trigeminal nerve has three branches: ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular, which innervate different parts of the face and head.
Trigeminal nerve diseases can cause various symptoms, including facial pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness. Some common trigeminal nerve diseases include:
1. Trigeminal neuralgia: A chronic pain condition that affects the trigeminal nerve, causing intense, stabbing, or electric shock-like pain in the face.
2. Hemifacial spasm: A neuromuscular disorder that causes involuntary muscle spasms on one side of the face, often affecting the muscles around the eye and mouth.
3. Trigeminal neuropathy: Damage or injury to the trigeminal nerve, which can result in numbness, tingling, or weakness in the face.
4. Herpes zoster oticus (Ramsay Hunt syndrome): A viral infection that affects the facial nerve and geniculate ganglion of the trigeminal nerve, causing facial paralysis, ear pain, and a rash around the ear.
5. Microvascular compression: Compression of the trigeminal nerve by a blood vessel, which can cause symptoms similar to trigeminal neuralgia.
Treatment for trigeminal nerve diseases depends on the specific condition and its severity. Treatment options may include medication, surgery, or radiation therapy.
Keratitis is a medical condition that refers to inflammation of the cornea, which is the clear, dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye. The cornea plays an essential role in focusing vision, and any damage or infection can cause significant visual impairment. Keratitis can result from various causes, including bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections, as well as trauma, allergies, or underlying medical conditions such as dry eye syndrome. Symptoms of keratitis may include redness, pain, tearing, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, and a feeling of something foreign in the eye. Treatment for keratitis depends on the underlying cause but typically includes antibiotics, antivirals, or anti-fungal medications, as well as measures to alleviate symptoms and promote healing.
Iritis is a medical condition that refers to the inflammation of the iris, which is the colored part of the eye. The iris controls the size of the pupil and thus regulates the amount of light that enters the eye. Iritis can cause symptoms such as eye pain, redness, photophobia (sensitivity to light), blurred vision, and headaches. It is often treated with anti-inflammatory medications and may require prompt medical attention to prevent complications such as glaucoma or vision loss. The underlying cause of iritis can vary and may include infections, autoimmune diseases, trauma, or other conditions.
The corneal stroma, also known as the substantia propria, is the thickest layer of the cornea, which is the clear, dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye. The cornea plays a crucial role in focusing vision.
The corneal stroma makes up about 90% of the cornea's thickness and is composed of parallel bundles of collagen fibers that are arranged in regular, repeating patterns. These fibers give the cornea its strength and transparency. The corneal stroma also contains a small number of cells called keratocytes, which produce and maintain the collagen fibers.
Disorders that affect the corneal stroma can cause vision loss or other eye problems. For example, conditions such as keratoconus, in which the cornea becomes thin and bulges outward, can distort vision and make it difficult to see clearly. Other conditions, such as corneal scarring or infection, can also affect the corneal stroma and lead to vision loss or other eye problems.
Corneal opacity refers to a condition in which the cornea, the clear front part of the eye, becomes cloudy or opaque. This can occur due to various reasons such as injury, infection, degenerative changes, or inherited disorders. As a result, light is not properly refracted and vision becomes blurred or distorted. In some cases, corneal opacity can lead to complete loss of vision in the affected eye. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and may include medication, corneal transplantation, or other surgical procedures.
Anterior uveitis is a medical term that refers to the inflammation of the front portion of the uvea, which is the middle layer of the eye. The uvea includes the iris (the colored part of the eye), the ciliary body (a structure behind the iris that helps focus light onto the retina), and the choroid (a layer of blood vessels that supplies oxygen and nutrients to the retina).
Anterior uveitis is characterized by inflammation of the iris and/or the ciliary body, leading to symptoms such as redness, pain, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, and a small pupil. The condition can be caused by various factors, including infections, autoimmune diseases, trauma, or unknown causes (idiopathic).
Treatment of anterior uveitis typically involves the use of topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and cycloplegics to relieve pain and prevent spasms of the ciliary muscle. In some cases, oral medications may be necessary to control the inflammation. Prompt treatment is important to prevent complications such as glaucoma, cataracts, or permanent vision loss.
Alloxan is a chemical compound that is primarily used in laboratory research. Its medical definition is:
A toxic, crystalline substance, C6H4O6, derived from uric acid, and used experimentally to produce diabetes in animals by destroying their insulin-producing cells (beta cells) in the pancreas. Alloxan monohydrate is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water and alcohol. It is used as a reagent in analytical chemistry and in photography.
In scientific research, alloxan is often used to induce diabetes in laboratory animals (like rats and mice) in order to study the disease and potential treatments. The compound is toxic to the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to a decrease in insulin production and an increase in blood glucose levels, similar to what occurs in type 1 diabetes in humans. However, it's important to note that alloxan-induced diabetes does not perfectly mimic the human form of the disease, and results from such studies may not always translate directly to human treatments.
Corneal transplantation, also known as keratoplasty, is a surgical procedure in which all or part of a damaged or diseased cornea is replaced with healthy corneal tissue from a deceased donor. The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye that plays an important role in focusing vision. When it becomes cloudy or misshapen due to injury, infection, or inherited conditions, vision can become significantly impaired.
During the procedure, the surgeon carefully removes a circular section of the damaged cornea and replaces it with a similarly sized piece of donor tissue. The new cornea is then stitched into place using very fine sutures that are typically removed several months after surgery.
Corneal transplantation has a high success rate, with more than 90% of procedures resulting in improved vision. However, as with any surgical procedure, there are risks involved, including infection, rejection of the donor tissue, and bleeding. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for any signs of complications and ensure proper healing.
Cataract extraction is a surgical procedure that involves removing the cloudy lens (cataract) from the eye. This procedure is typically performed to restore vision impairment caused by cataracts and improve overall quality of life. There are two primary methods for cataract extraction:
1. Phacoemulsification: This is the most common method used today. It involves making a small incision in the front part of the eye (cornea), inserting an ultrasonic probe to break up the cloudy lens into tiny pieces, and then removing those pieces with suction. After removing the cataract, an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is inserted to replace the natural lens and help focus light onto the retina.
2. Extracapsular Cataract Extraction: In this method, a larger incision is made on the side of the cornea, allowing the surgeon to remove the cloudy lens in one piece without breaking it up. The back part of the lens capsule is left intact to support the IOL. This technique is less common and typically reserved for more advanced cataracts or when phacoemulsification cannot be performed.
Recovery from cataract extraction usually involves using eye drops to prevent infection and inflammation, as well as protecting the eye with a shield or glasses during sleep for a few weeks after surgery. Most people experience improved vision within a few days to a week following the procedure.
Aphakia, postcataract is a medical condition that refers to the absence of the lens in the eye after cataract surgery. A cataract is a clouding of the natural lens inside the eye that can cause vision loss. During cataract surgery, the cloudy lens is removed and replaced with an artificial lens implant. However, if there is a complication during the procedure and the artificial lens is not placed in the eye or if it becomes dislocated after surgery, then the patient will develop aphakia, postcataract.
Patients with aphakia, postcataract have poor vision and may experience symptoms such as blurry vision, glare, and halos around lights. They are also at an increased risk of developing glaucoma and retinal detachment. To correct the vision in patients with aphakia, they can wear special contact lenses or glasses with high-powered lenses, or undergo a secondary surgical procedure to implant an artificial lens in the eye.
Intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is a surgical procedure that involves placing a small artificial lens inside the eye to replace the natural lens that has been removed. This procedure is typically performed during cataract surgery, where the cloudy natural lens is removed and replaced with an IOL to restore clear vision.
During the procedure, a small incision is made in the eye, and the cloudy lens is broken up and removed using ultrasound waves or laser energy. Then, the folded IOL is inserted through the same incision and positioned in the correct place inside the eye. Once in place, the IOL unfolds and is secured into position.
There are several types of IOLs available, including monofocal, multifocal, toric, and accommodating lenses. Monofocal lenses provide clear vision at one distance, while multifocal lenses offer clear vision at multiple distances. Toric lenses correct astigmatism, and accommodating lenses can change shape to focus on objects at different distances.
Overall, intraocular lens implantation is a safe and effective procedure that can help restore clear vision in patients with cataracts or other eye conditions that require the removal of the natural lens.
Visual acuity is a measure of the sharpness or clarity of vision. It is usually tested by reading an eye chart from a specific distance, such as 20 feet (6 meters). The standard eye chart used for this purpose is called the Snellen chart, which contains rows of letters that decrease in size as you read down the chart.
Visual acuity is typically expressed as a fraction, with the numerator representing the testing distance and the denominator indicating the smallest line of type that can be read clearly. For example, if a person can read the line on the eye chart that corresponds to a visual acuity of 20/20, it means they have normal vision at 20 feet. If their visual acuity is 20/40, it means they must be as close as 20 feet to see what someone with normal vision can see at 40 feet.
It's important to note that visual acuity is just one aspect of overall vision and does not necessarily reflect other important factors such as peripheral vision, depth perception, color vision, or contrast sensitivity.
Endophthalmitis is a serious inflammatory eye condition that occurs when an infection develops inside the eyeball, specifically within the vitreous humor (the clear, gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina). This condition can be caused by bacteria, fungi, or other microorganisms that enter the eye through various means, such as trauma, surgery, or spread from another infected part of the body.
Endophthalmitis is often characterized by symptoms like sudden onset of pain, redness, decreased vision, and increased sensitivity to light (photophobia). If left untreated, it can lead to severe complications, including blindness. Treatment typically involves administering antibiotics or antifungal medications, either systemically or directly into the eye, and sometimes even requiring surgical intervention to remove infected tissues and relieve intraocular pressure.
The corneal epithelium is the outermost layer of the cornea, which is the clear, dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye. It is a stratified squamous epithelium, consisting of several layers of flat, scale-like cells that are tightly packed together. The corneal epithelium serves as a barrier to protect the eye from microorganisms, dust, and other foreign particles. It also provides a smooth surface for the refraction of light, contributes to the maintenance of corneal transparency, and plays a role in the eye's sensitivity to touch and pain. The corneal epithelium is constantly being renewed through the process of cell division and shedding, with new cells produced by stem cells located at the limbus, the border between the cornea and the conjunctiva.
I believe there may be some confusion in your question. "Rabbits" is a common name used to refer to the Lagomorpha species, particularly members of the family Leporidae. They are small mammals known for their long ears, strong legs, and quick reproduction.
However, if you're referring to "rabbits" in a medical context, there is a term called "rabbit syndrome," which is a rare movement disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements of the fingers, resembling those of a rabbit chewing. It is also known as "finger-chewing chorea." This condition is usually associated with certain medications, particularly antipsychotics, and typically resolves when the medication is stopped or adjusted.
Edema, cardiac is a type of edema (swelling) that occurs due to the accumulation of fluid in the body tissues as a result of heart failure. When the heart is not able to pump blood efficiently, it can cause blood to back up in the veins and increase pressure in the capillaries. This increased pressure forces fluid out of the blood vessels and into the surrounding tissues, causing edema.
Cardiac edema most commonly affects the lower extremities, such as the legs, ankles, and feet, but it can also occur in other parts of the body, including the lungs (pulmonary edema). Symptoms of cardiac edema may include swelling, weight gain, shortness of breath, and coughing. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying heart condition through medications, lifestyle changes, or medical procedures.
"Cell count" is a medical term that refers to the process of determining the number of cells present in a given volume or sample of fluid or tissue. This can be done through various laboratory methods, such as counting individual cells under a microscope using a specialized grid called a hemocytometer, or using automated cell counters that use light scattering and electrical impedance techniques to count and classify different types of cells.
Cell counts are used in a variety of medical contexts, including hematology (the study of blood and blood-forming tissues), microbiology (the study of microscopic organisms), and pathology (the study of diseases and their causes). For example, a complete blood count (CBC) is a routine laboratory test that includes a white blood cell (WBC) count, red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin level, hematocrit value, and platelet count. Abnormal cell counts can indicate the presence of various medical conditions, such as infections, anemia, or leukemia.
Ocular ischemic syndrome
Corneal dystrophy
Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy
Corneal ulcers in animals
Corneal abrasion
Corneal-cerebellar syndrome
Corneal dystrophies in dogs
Phosgene oxime
Fungal keratitis
GM1 gangliosidoses
Calotropis gigantea
Trifluridine
Glaucoma
Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome
Adenoviridae
George Jessen
Infectious canine hepatitis
Phacoemulsification
Polycoria
East Coast fever
Blepharitis
Ketorolac
Corneal endothelium
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis
Emmonsia parva
HN1 (nitrogen mustard)
Primary juvenile glaucoma
Graves' ophthalmopathy
Sodium hyaluronate
Buphthalmos
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Dystrophy12
- Patients of Northern European descent do have an increased incidence of Fuchs corneal dystrophy. (medscape.com)
- This dystrophy does predispose to the development of corneal edema (see Pathophysiology, Causes, Histologic Findings). (medscape.com)
- Fuchs corneal dystrophy, a known predisposing factor in the development of postoperative corneal edema, occurs approximately 3 times more frequently in women than in men. (medscape.com)
- Predictors of Receiving Keratoplasty for Fuchs' Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy among Medicare Beneficiaries. (medscape.com)
- Generally, swelling after cataract surgery will go away and vision will be clear in a few days, however, rare corneal swelling may not improve if the cornea is weak, like in Fuchs' Dystrophy, keratoconus , or if the cataract is very dense and hard to remove. (eyesighthawaii.com)
- Fuchs dystrophy as well as other corneal dystrophies. (uky.edu)
- Only the corneal endothelium needs to be transplanted in diseases where the corneal stroma is clear, has a smooth stromal surface with a regular curvature, and only the corneal endothelium is not functioning well (eg, Fuchs dystrophy, bullous keratopathy resulting from cataract surgery). (merckmanuals.com)
- In patients with Fuchs corneal dystrophy involving the central cornea only, another corneal transplant technique called Descemet stripping only (DSO, not a true transplant because nothing is transplanted) has been used. (merckmanuals.com)
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate how Scheimpflug-derived parameters of eyes with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) are influenced by Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) depending on FECD severity and the presence of subclinical edema. (hu.nl)
- The STORM study looked at patients with corneal edema, swelling of the cornea, which Eveleth said is a "significant problem" for patients, especially for those with damage caused by conditions such as Fuchs dystrophy, which causes vision to worsen over the years and can lead to blindness without transplant surgery. (sdbj.com)
- Protection of the corneal endothelium in patients with Fuchs dystrophy undergoing surgery represents a significant unmet medical need," said Mark Packer, M.D., chief medical officer of Trefoil Therapeutics. (sdbj.com)
- Spontaneous corneal abrasions may be associated with map-dot-fingerprint dystrophy or recurrent corneal erosion syndrome. (medscape.com)
Cornea15
- Corneal transparency is, in a large part, dependent on the ability of the cornea to remain in a dehydrated state. (medscape.com)
- Evaporation from the corneal tear film results in slightly hypertonic tears that tend to draw fluid out of the cornea. (medscape.com)
- Osmotic forces and the electrolyte balance within the corneal stroma also tend to draw water into the cornea. (medscape.com)
- The study comprised 35 eyes out of which 28 eyes had clear cornea , 4 eyes had descemet membrane folds, 3 eyes with focal stromal oedema and 1 eye with diffuse corneal oedema at post-op day 1. (ascrs.org)
- Corneal edema is the swelling of the cornea. (ccteyes.com)
- A partial thickness cornea transplant is performed to replace the damaged cells and is curative for corneal edema. (ccteyes.com)
- The procedures known as Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) or Descemet's Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSEK) are less invasive than full thickness corneal transplants because they only address the small area of the cornea that is damaged, leaving the healthy layers untouched. (ccteyes.com)
- Corneal Edema, popularly known as corneal swelling, is a condition where fluid accumulates at the cornea due to inflammation. (clearvision.clinic)
- But if there is already corneal edema and pain, be sure to stop wearing contact lenses immediately and rest for a period of time to let the cornea recover by itself. (realconlens.com)
- The procedure consists of replacing either the whole cornea or just its endothelial layer with healthy corneal tissue from a donor. (eyesighthawaii.com)
- The cornea can become hazy if there is edema due to the abrasion. (medscape.com)
- Fracture of the orbit may result in damage to the nerve that provides vision and cornea, resulting in corneal ulceration or blindness. (acvs.org)
- A full thickness hole in the cornea may be the result of traumatic injury to the eye or progression of a melting corneal ulcer. (acvs.org)
- The most common features of this syndrome are the movement of endothelial cells off the cornea onto the iris leading to corneal swelling, distortion of the iris, and variable degrees of distortion of the pupil. (bvsalud.org)
- A corneal abrasion is a defect in the surface of the cornea that is limited to the most superficial layer, the epithelium, and does not penetrate the Bowman membrane. (medscape.com)
Fuchs2
- In the U.S. alone, there are about 50,000 corneal transplants performed each year for Fuchs and other corneal conditions. (sdbj.com)
- In addition to treating more severe diseases like Fuchs, the STORM study also showed that TTHX1114 can also treat many types of corneal endothelial damage, such as complications that arise from ocular surgery, of which there are roughly 4.5 to 5 million performed in the U.S. each year. (sdbj.com)
Central corneal thickness3
- In 34 porcine eyes, the central corneal thickness (CCT) was determined by ultrasound pachymetry. (arvojournals.org)
- A non-significant reduction of central corneal thickness after treatment was observed in the CXL group (p = 0.815), and in the hydration change in the CXL group compared to the control group (p = 0.200). (arvojournals.org)
- Endothelial cell count, intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), intraocular inflammation and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) were compared 3 months postoperatively. (bmj.com)
Transplantation9
- Keratoconus surpassed PBK in 1990 as the leading indication for corneal transplantation in some studies in the United States. (medscape.com)
- The patient requires a corneal transplantation procedure, preferably DMEK. (crstoday.com)
- Corneal transplantation (both full and partial thickness). (uky.edu)
- Corneal transplantation can be done using general anesthesia or local anesthesia plus IV sedation. (merckmanuals.com)
- In corneal endothelium transplantation, there are 2 techniques: Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) and the newest technique, Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). (merckmanuals.com)
- DMEK uses a thinner graft than DSEK and has superior results (eg, faster healing, fewer rejections, and better visual acuity) compared to both DSEK and full-thickness corneal transplantation. (merckmanuals.com)
- TTHX1114 provides hope that patients at risk of corneal decompensation may maintain good vision and avoid the risks of corneal transplantation. (sdbj.com)
- Diseases surgical technique developed since the start of the involving the corneal endothelium can be controlled twentieth century for the realization of corneal with endothelial or penetrating keratoplasties, and transplantation (CT). (bvsalud.org)
- CT is the most common type those diseases that involve both the endothelium and of tissue transplantation made around the world, the corneal stroma generally require PK when there is substitution of all corneal layers (the (REINHART, 2011). (bvsalud.org)
Ocular3
- The incidence of herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) in patients following corneal refractive surgery is higher than in the general population, and several case reports of ocular morbidity in HSK infection following corneal refractive surgery have been published. (dovepress.com)
- Trefoil is also developing the compound as an eye drop to reduce the duration and impact of ocular herpes virus related ulcers and other corneal ulcers. (sdbj.com)
- Examples include corneal or epithelial disease (eg, dry eye), superficial corneal injury or ocular injuries (eg, those due to foreign bodies), and contact lens wear (eg, daily disposable soft lenses, extended-wear soft lenses, gas-permeable lenses, hard polymethylmethacrylate lenses). (medscape.com)
Ulceration1
- See also Corneal Abrasion and Corneal Ulceration and Ulcerative Keratitis in Emergency Medicine . (medscape.com)
Ulcers4
- The physical friction of foreign bodies can form a great wear on the eye tissue cells, and the bacteria at the same time multiply in large quantities on the sediment, while the invasion of the corneal damage resistance declines, thus causing corneal infection, ulcers and so on. (realconlens.com)
- There are currently no treatments that directly address corneal ulcers related to herpes infection. (sdbj.com)
- In addition to herpes, corneal ulcers can arise from a variety of other diseases or from injury. (sdbj.com)
- Prophylactic topical antibiotics are given in patients with abrasions from contact lenses, who are at increased risk for infected corneal ulcers, but many emergency physicians have stopped using these agents for minor injuries. (medscape.com)
Cataract5
- Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) and aphakic bullous keratopathy (ABK) refer to the development of irreversible corneal edema as a complication of cataract surgery. (medscape.com)
- Claesson M, Armitage WJ, Stenevi U. Corneal oedema after cataract surgery: predisposing factors and corneal graft outcome. (medscape.com)
- While corneal edema after cataract surgery is becoming less common due to advancements in surgical technology, when it does occur from cataract surgery, it is called pseudophakic corneal edema or pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. (ccteyes.com)
- It's common to have corneal swelling or edema during the first few days of cataract surgery , which may lead to some temporary foggy vision. (eyesighthawaii.com)
- DSEK is often an ideal option for those with corneal swelling due to cataract surgery since its success rate is high and it requires significantly less recovery time than other procedures. (eyesighthawaii.com)
Glaucoma2
Endothelium2
- However, the most important influence on corneal deturgescence is the presence of an active metabolic pump in the endothelium. (medscape.com)
- The central corneal endothelium is removed, and the use of topical rho kinase inhibitors speeds the migration of peripheral corneal endothelium cells to fill the defect. (merckmanuals.com)
Stromal2
- [ 1 ] As corneal edema progresses and worsens, first stromal and then intercellular epithelial edema develops. (medscape.com)
- The migrated cells reduce the corneal stromal edema and vision improves. (merckmanuals.com)
Conjunctival4
- This ophthalmic macrolide antibiotic is indicated for bacterial conjunctivitis caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms and for prevention of corneal and conjunctival infections. (medscape.com)
- Corneal injuries produced by organic matter or dirt, as well as those associated with tissue necrosis and with entrance of dirt or organic material into the conjunctival sac, should be considered dirty (ie, tetanus-prone) injuries and require boosters within 5 years. (medscape.com)
- The conjunctival response to corneal wounding has been known since 1944, when Mann first observed that peripheral corneal abrasions heal by the sliding of limbal cells to cover the epithelial defect. (medscape.com)
- [ 1 ] This response is split into 2 phases: (1) the response of the limbal epithelium, which is the source of the corneal epithelial stem cells, and (2) the response of the conjunctival epithelium itself. (medscape.com)
Keratitis2
- Urgent consultation is needed for suspected corneal ulcerations (microbial keratitis). (medscape.com)
- Corneal keratitis and staining. (medscape.com)
Effect on corneal edema2
- It has to be evaluated if the effect on corneal edema changes with longer wearing periods, larger samples or other influences. (bsz-bw.de)
- For the injectable TTHX1114 product, the next phase is to "show in a clinical trial the drug has an effect on corneal edema that is due to multiple causes," Eveleth said, adding that those additional trials could take several years to complete and file with FDA and that TTHX1114 could be a marketable product by the end of 2028. (sdbj.com)
Symptoms Of Corneal Edema1
- What Are The Symptoms Of Corneal Edema? (ccteyes.com)
Treatments For Corneal Edema1
- What Are The Treatments For Corneal Edema? (ccteyes.com)
Stroma4
- The results obtained, when testing full thickness corneal buttons, may not detect the changes induced by CXL, since only the anterior segment of the stroma is cross-linked. (arvojournals.org)
- Preliminary data suggest that the swelling pressure is reduced in the anterior approximately 200µm stroma in the treatment group, indicating that CXL treatment can reduce corneal edema in vivo . (arvojournals.org)
- in a corneal transplant technique known as deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) the donated corneal tissue replaces the corneal stroma and epithelium only. (merckmanuals.com)
- However, deep corneal involvement may result in facet formation in the epithelium or scar formation in the stroma. (medscape.com)
Dystrophies1
- Surgical trauma, inflammation, and corneal dystrophies can accelerate this normal aging loss. (medscape.com)
Conjunctivitis1
- Symptoms of both are bilateral, intense papillary conjunctivitis with eyelid edema, chemosis, and mucopurulent discharge. (msdmanuals.com)
Risk of corneal decompensation1
- Intervention should happen as soon as intraocular inflammation is under control, given the ever-growing risk of corneal decompensation and reduced visibility during surgery. (crstoday.com)
Pachymetry1
- Preoperative and 6 months postoperative Scheimpflug imaging was used to analyze pachymetry, presence of tomographic features (loss of isopachs/displacement of the thinnest point/focal posterior depression), and corneal backscatter. (hu.nl)
Ulcer1
- in this situation, the term corneal ulcer may be used. (medscape.com)
Severe5
- If the corneal edema is not severe, treatment may not be necessary. (eyesighthawaii.com)
- Immediately after the injection, severe corneal edema developed, making it impossible to observe the structures in the anterior chamber in detail or check the light reflex and visual acuity of the naked eye. (koreamed.org)
- 3 While many recover without permanent visual impairment, 15% will develop severe complications such as persistent pain, dry eye, corneal scarring, and vision loss. (dovepress.com)
- Severe eyelid edema, chemosis, and a profuse purulent exudate are typical. (msdmanuals.com)
- Smears and bacterial cultures should be done in patients with severe symptoms, immunocompromise, ineffective initial therapy, or a vulnerable eye (eg, after a corneal transplant, in exophthalmos due to Graves disease). (msdmanuals.com)
Visual acuity2
- On day 13 post-injury, the visual acuity of the naked eye improved to 1.0, and no recurrence of corneal lesions was observed. (koreamed.org)
- Compared with the control group, postoperative best-corrected visual acuity for the "no edema" group did not differ (0.03 ± 0.12 vs. −0.02 ± 0.08 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, P = 0.150) but was worse for the subclinical edema group (0.06 ± 0.08 vs. −0.02 ± 0.08 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, P = 0.001). (hu.nl)
Cause of corneal2
- Corneal hypoxia is a major cause of corneal oedema. (realconlens.com)
- Although the cause of corneal edema after the local injection could not be conclusively identified, we hope that this report will help raise clinicians' awareness of this complication and appropriate treatment methods. (koreamed.org)
Full thickness1
- The surgery is more technically difficult, and the procedure takes more time to perform than a full-thickness corneal transplant. (merckmanuals.com)
Keratoplasty2
- Transient peripheral edema following displaced corneal graft after descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK): case presentation. (unil.ch)
- With the development of new surgical techniques, instrumentation and pharmacological advances, corneal transplant procedures can undergo changes directly in the clinical profile of patients with the indication for penetrating keratoplasty technique. (bvsalud.org)
Patients with corneal2
- Patients with corneal abrasions are managed on an outpatient basis. (medscape.com)
- Tetanus prophylaxis, eye patching, and antimicrobial therapy for patients with corneal abrasions who present to the emergency department (ED) are reviewed below. (medscape.com)
Pseudophakic1
- The 50-year epidemic of pseudophakic corneal edema. (medscape.com)
Transplant1
- however, if it doesn't get better over time, a corneal transplant might be required for proper vision restoration. (eyesighthawaii.com)
Epithelium6
- Experimental investigations have been conducted on mechanisms underlying the visual and systemic effects of tertiary amine exposure, included mydriasis and cylcoplegia due to effects on the innervation of the sphincter muscle of the iris, edema and rupture of the corneal epithelium, blockade of parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia, and histamine release. (cdc.gov)
- It occurs because of a disruption in the integrity of the corneal epithelium or because the corneal surface scraped away or denuded as a result of physical external forces. (medscape.com)
- Foreign body-related abrasions are defects in the corneal epithelium that are left behind after the removal of or spontaneous dislodgement of a corneal foreign body. (medscape.com)
- Contact lens-related abrasions are defects in the corneal epithelium that are left behind after the removal of an overworn, improperly fitting, or improperly cleaned contact lens. (medscape.com)
- Spontaneous defects in the corneal epithelium may occur with no immediate antecedent injury or foreign body. (medscape.com)
- Eyes that have suffered a previous traumatic abrasion or eyes that have an underlying defect in the corneal epithelium are prone to this problem. (medscape.com)
Decompensation2
- The presence of the haptic in the anterior chamber has led to chronic corneal decompensation, and the condition probably precipitated recently. (crstoday.com)
- This case presents a few challenges, including repositioning or replacing the IOL and addressing corneal endothelial decompensation and iris damage. (crstoday.com)
Descemet1
- This procedure replaces a thin layer of tissue inside the eye known as the "Descemet membrane" which helps prevent fluid from building up, thus preventing or limiting edema. (eyesighthawaii.com)
Eyelid1
- Eyelid edema is often moderate. (msdmanuals.com)
Diseases1
- Artificial Intelligence and Corneal Diseases Find out more about the emerging applications of artificial intelligence in the field of ophthalmology, specifically in relation to corneal conditions. (medscape.com)
Epithelial edema1
- Conjunctiva of both eyes were hyperemic, corneal epithelial edema and keratic prepitates were observed in the lower quadrant. (healthimpactnews.com)
DMEK1
- I have found that, in some cases, once the anatomy has been restored, corneal transparency returns, and DMEK is no longer necessary. (crstoday.com)
Abrasion6
- Corneal foreign body with cobalt blue lighting showing an abrasion. (medscape.com)
- As of April 2015, no case reports in the literature indicate clinical tetanus developing from a simple corneal abrasion. (medscape.com)
- Corneal abrasion is probably the most common eye injury and perhaps one of the most neglected. (medscape.com)
- A traumatic corneal abrasion is the classic corneal abrasion in which mechanical trauma to the eye results in a defect in the epithelial surface. (medscape.com)
- The diagnosis of corneal abrasion can be confirmed with slitlamp examination and fluorescein instillation (see Workup). (medscape.com)
- Corneal abrasion results from physical or chemical trauma. (medscape.com)
Diabetic Macul2
- He serves as the national Study Chairman of the Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network (DRCRnet) Protocol I, a national collaborative clinical trial that recently revolutionized the treatment of diabetic macular edema. (medstarhealth.org)
- Brolucizumab for the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema What have we learned about the efficacy and safety of brolucizumab as a treatment option for diabetic macular edema? (medscape.com)
Complications2
- An estimated 500,000 patients annually suffer corneal complications of herpes virus reactivation in the U.S. Globally, 10 % of all blindness - 4 million people - is attributable to herpes infections. (sdbj.com)
- Lesions on a significant proportion of the total body surface area, which may be associated with edema and secondary bacterial or fungal infections among other complications. (cdc.gov)
Diffuse1
- Diffuse corneal edema is usually seen in TASS. (dovepress.com)
Swelling5
- However, for mild corneal edema salt water eye drops (Muro 128) can be used three to four times a day to reduce the swelling. (ccteyes.com)
- What are the Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment for Corneal Edema (Swelling)? (clearvision.clinic)
- Conclusion: Our clinical results do not correlate with current theoretical calculations, which predict a greater amount of corneal swelling with increasing tear layer thickness. (bsz-bw.de)
- The swelling of the corneal buttons in isotonic saline was measured in a custom engineered biomechanical setup. (arvojournals.org)
- Corneal edema (swelling). (uky.edu)
Transplants1
- From 1984-1989, ABK and PBK accounted for most corneal transplants (about 33%) performed in the United States. (medscape.com)
Tissue2
- Corneal injuries caused by metallic foreign bodies associated with minimal tissue destruction should be considered clean (ie, non-tetanus-prone) injuries and require boosters within 10 years. (medscape.com)
- Bowel lesions that are exudative or cause significant tissue edema, leading to obstruction. (cdc.gov)
Intraocular pressure1
- Corneal edema was attributed to high intraocular pressure. (healthimpactnews.com)
FECD2
Trauma1
- If staying up late for a long time, excessive eyes, or vigorously rubbing eyes, trauma and impact will also cause corneal edema. (realconlens.com)
Blindness1
- In this case report, however, we present a highly unusual case of blindness caused by corneal edema after a local anesthetic injection. (koreamed.org)
Blurred vision2
- The most common symptom of corneal edema is cloudy or blurred vision. (ccteyes.com)
- Corneal erosion in which there is damage to the outer layer of the covering of the eyeball, leading to pain, itching, redness of the eye, or blurred vision. (medlineplus.gov)
Abrasions4
- Although the exact frequency of emergency department visits for corneal abrasions is unknown, a 1985 survey showed that around 3% of all cases to US general practitioners were corneal abrasions. (medscape.com)
- Corneal epithelial abrasions can be small or large (see the images below). (medscape.com)
- Corneal abrasions usually heal rapidly, without serious sequelae. (medscape.com)
- Corneal abrasions occur in any situation that causes epithelial compromise. (medscape.com)