Equipment Contamination
Sterilization
Red Cross
Encyclopedias as Topic
MedlinePlus
Otitis
Ear
Fatal Serratia marcescens meningitis and myocarditis in a patient with an indwelling urinary catheter. (1/5242)
Serratia marcescens is commonly isolated from the urine of patients with an indwelling urinary catheter and in the absence of symptoms is often regarded as a contaminant. A case of fatal Serratia marcescens septicaemia with meningitis, brain abscesses, and myocarditis discovered at necropsy is described. The patient was an 83 year old man with an indwelling urinary catheter who suffered from several chronic medical conditions and from whose urine Serratia marcescens was isolated at the time of catheterisation. Serratia marcescens can be a virulent pathogen in particular groups of patients and when assessing its significance in catheter urine specimens, consideration should be given to recognised risk factors such as old age, previous antibiotic treatment, and underlying chronic or debilitating disease, even in the absence of clinical symptoms. (+info)Role of schools in the transmission of measles in rural Senegal: implications for measles control in developing countries. (2/5242)
Patterns of measles transmission at school and at home were studied in 1995 in a rural area of Senegal with a high level of vaccination coverage. Among 209 case children with a median age of 8 years, there were no deaths, although the case fatality ratio has previously been 6-7% in this area. Forty percent of the case children had been vaccinated against measles; the proportion of vaccinated children was higher among secondary cases (47%) than among index cases (33%) (prevalence ratio = 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.76). Vaccinated index cases may have been less infectious than unvaccinated index cases, since they produced fewer clinical cases among exposed children (relative risk = 0.55, 95% CI 0.29-1.04). The secondary attack rate was lower in the schools than in the homes (relative risk = 0.31, 95% CI 0.20-0.49). The school outbreaks were protracted, with 4-5 generations of cases being seen in the two larger schools. Vaccine efficacy was found to be 57% (95% CI -23 to 85) in the schools and 74% (95% CI 62-82) in the residential compounds. Measles infection resulted in a mean of 3.8 days of absenteeism per case, though this did not appear to have an impact on the children's grades. Among the index cases, 56% of children were probably infected by neighbors in the community, and 7% were probably infected at health centers, 13% outside the community, and 24% in one of the three schools which had outbreaks during the epidemic. However, most of the school-related cases occurred at the beginning and therefore contributed to the general propagation of the epidemic. To prevent school outbreaks, it may be necessary to require vaccination prior to school entry and to revaccinate children in individual schools upon detection of cases of measles. Multidose measles vaccination schedules will be necessary to control measles in developing countries. (+info)Risk factors for nosocomial bloodstream infections due to Acinetobacter baumannii: a case-control study of adult burn patients. (3/5242)
Risk factors for Acinetobacter baumannii bloodstream infection (BSI) were studied in patients with severe thermal injury in a burn intensive care unit where A. baumannii was endemic. Of 367 patients hospitalized for severe thermal injury during the study period, 29 patients with nosocomial A. baumannii BSI were identified (attack rate, 7.9%). Cases were compared with 58 matched controls without A. baumannii BSI. The overall mortality rate was 31% among cases and 14% among controls; only two deaths (7%) were considered directly related to A. baumannii BSI. Molecular typing of A. baumannii blood isolates by means of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of three different strain types. Multivariate analysis showed that female gender (P = .027), total body surface area burn of > 50% (P = .016), prior nosocomial colonization with A. baumannii at a distant site (P = .0002), and use of hydrotherapy (P = .037) were independently associated with the acquisition of A. baumannii BSI in burn patients. These data underscore the need for effective infection control measures for this emerging nosocomial problem. (+info)Infective endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus: 59 prospectively identified cases with follow-up. (4/5242)
Fifty-nine consecutive patients with definite Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis (IE) by the Duke criteria were prospectively identified at our hospital over a 3-year period. Twenty-seven (45.8%) of the 59 patients had hospital-acquired S. aureus bacteremia. The presumed source of infection was an intravascular device in 50.8% of patients. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed evidence of IE in 20 patients (33.9%), whereas transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) revealed evidence of IE in 48 patients (81.4%). The outcome for patients was strongly associated with echocardiographic findings: 13 (68.4%) of 19 patients with vegetations visualized by TTE had an embolic event or died of their infection vs. five (16.7%) of 30 patients whose vegetations were visualized only by TEE (P < .01). Most patients with S. aureus IE developed their infection as a consequence of a nosocomial or intravascular device-related infection. TEE established the diagnosis of S. aureus IE in many instances when TTE was nondiagnostic. Visualization of vegetations by TTE may provide prognostic information for patients with S. aureus IE. (+info)Optimizing aminoglycoside therapy for nosocomial pneumonia caused by gram-negative bacteria. (5/5242)
Nosocomial pneumonia is a notable cause of morbidity and mortality and leads to increases in lengths of hospital stays and institutional expenditures. Aminoglycosides are used to treat patients with these infections, but few data on the doses and schedules required to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes exist. We analyzed aminoglycoside treatment data for 78 patients with nosocomial pneumonia to determine if optimization of aminoglycoside pharmacodynamic parameters results in a more rapid therapeutic response (defined by outcome and days to leukocyte count resolution and temperature resolution). Cox proportional hazards, Classification and Regression Tree (CART), and logistic regression analyses were applied to the data. By all analyses, the first measured maximum concentration of drug in serum (Cmax)/MIC predicted days to temperature resolution and the second measured Cmax/MIC predicted days to leukocyte count resolution. For days to temperature resolution and leukocyte count resolution, CART analyses produced breakpoints, with an 89% success rate at 7 days of therapy for a Cmax/MIC of > 4.7 and an 86% success rate at 7 days of therapy for a Cmax/MIC of > 4.5, respectively. Logistic regression analyses predicted a 90% probability of temperature resolution and leukocyte count resolution by day 7 if a Cmax/MIC of > or = 10 is achieved within the first 48 h of aminoglycoside therapy. Aggressive aminoglycoside dosing immediately followed by individualized pharmacokinetic monitoring would ensure that Cmax/MIC targets are achieved early in therapy. This would increase the probability of a rapid therapeutic response for pneumonia caused by gram-negative bacteria and potentially decreasing durations of parenteral antibiotic therapy, lengths of hospitalization, and institutional expenditures, a situation in which both the patient and the institution benefit. (+info)Efficacy of sulbactam alone and in combination with ampicillin in nosocomial infections caused by multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii. (6/5242)
From March 1995 to March 1997, sulbactam was prospectively evaluated in patients with non-life-threatening multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections. During this period, 47 patients were treated with sulbactam; of them, five were excluded because they had received < or =48 h of sulbactam therapy. A total of 42 patients, 27 males and 15 females with a mean age of 60+/-15 years, were finally evaluated. Infections were as follows: surgical wound, 19; tracheobronchitis, 12; urinary tract, 7; catheter-related bacteraemia, 2; and pneumonia, 2. Eighteen patients received intravenous sulbactam alone (1 g every 8 h) and 24 patients received intravenous sulbactam/ampicillin (1 g:2 g every 8 h) with no major adverse effects. Of the 42 patients, 39 improved or were cured and showed A. baumannii eradication and one patient had persistence of wound infection after 8 days of sulbactam/ampicillin requiring surgical debridement. Two patients died after 3 days of therapy (one of the deaths was attributable to A. baumannii infection). The in-vitro activity of the sulbactam/ampicillin combination was by virtue of the antimicrobial activity exhibited by sulbactam. Killing curves showed that sulbactam was bacteriostatic; no synergy was observed between ampicillin and sulbactam. Our results indicate that sulbactam may prove effective for non-life-threatening A. baumannii infections. Its role in the treatment of severe infections is unknown. However, the current formulation of sulbactam alone may allow its use at higher doses and provide new potential synergic combinations, particularly for those infections by A. baumannii resistant to imipenem. (+info)Transmission dynamics of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci in England and Wales. (7/5242)
A simple epidemiological framework for the analysis of the transmission dynamics of hospital outbreaks of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (EMRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in hospitals in England and Wales is presented. Epidemic strains EMRSA-15 and EMRSA-16 are becoming endemic in hospitals in the United Kingdom, and theory predicts that EMRSA-15 and EMRSA-16 will reach respective endemic levels of 158 (95% confidence interval [CI], 143-173) and 116 (95% CI, 109-123) affected hospitals with stochastic fluctuations of up to 30 hospitals in each case. An epidemic of VRE is still at an early stage, and the incidence of hospitals newly affected by VRE is growing exponentially at a rate r=0.51/year (95% CI, 0.48-0.54). The likely impact of introducing surveillance policies if action is taken sufficiently early is estimated. Finally, the role of heterogeneity in hospital size is considered: "Super-spreader hospitals" may increase transmission by 40%-132% above the expected mean. (+info)Serum is more suitable than whole blood for diagnosis of systemic candidiasis by nested PCR. (8/5242)
PCR assays for the diagnosis of systemic candidiasis can be performed either on serum or on whole blood, but results obtained with the two kinds of samples have never been formally compared. Thus we designed a nested PCR assay in which five specific inner pairs of primers were used to amplify specific targets on the rRNA genes of Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, and C. glabrata. In vitro, the lower limit of detection of each nested PCR assay was 1 fg of purified DNA from the corresponding Candida species. In rabbits with candidemia of 120 minutes' duration following intravenous (i.v.) injection of 10(8) CFU of C. albicans, the sensitivities of the PCR in serum and whole blood were not significantly different (93 versus 86%). In other rabbits, injected with only 10(5) CFU of C. albicans, detection of candidemia by culture was possible for only 1 min, whereas DNA could be detected by PCR in whole blood and in serum for 15 and 150 min, respectively. PCR was more often positive in serum than in whole blood in 40 culture-negative samples (27 versus 7%; P < 0.05%). Lastly, experiments with rabbits injected i.v. with 20 or 200 microgram of purified C. albicans DNA showed that PCRs were positive in serum from 30 to at least 120 min after injection, suggesting that the clearance of free DNA is slow. These results suggest that serum is the sample of choice, which should be used preferentially over whole blood for the diagnosis of systemic candidiasis by PCR. (+info)Cross infection, also known as cross-contamination, is the transmission of infectious agents or diseases between patients in a healthcare setting. This can occur through various means such as contaminated equipment, surfaces, hands of healthcare workers, or the air. It is an important concern in medical settings and measures are taken to prevent its occurrence, including proper hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), environmental cleaning and disinfection, and safe injection practices.
Equipment contamination in a medical context refers to the presence of harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi, on the surfaces of medical equipment or devices. This can occur during use, storage, or transportation of the equipment and can lead to the transmission of infections to patients, healthcare workers, or other individuals who come into contact with the contaminated equipment.
Equipment contamination can occur through various routes, including contact with contaminated body fluids, airborne particles, or environmental surfaces. To prevent equipment contamination and the resulting infection transmission, it is essential to follow strict infection control practices, such as regular cleaning and disinfection of equipment, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and proper handling and storage of medical devices.
Sterilization, in a medical context, refers to the process of eliminating or removing all forms of microbial life, including fungi, bacteria, viruses, spores, and any other biological agents from a surface, object, or environment. This is typically achieved through various methods such as heat (using autoclaves), chemical processes, irradiation, or filtration.
In addition, sterilization can also refer to the surgical procedure that renders individuals unable to reproduce. This is often referred to as "permanent contraception" and can be performed through various methods such as vasectomy for men and tubal ligation for women. It's important to note that these procedures are typically permanent and not easily reversible.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Red Cross" is not a medical term per se. It is the name of an international humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief, and education in communities around the world. The Red Cross, along with the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and other national societies that make up the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, is guided by the Geneva Conventions to protect and assist victims of war and armed conflict.
However, in a broader sense, when people refer to "Red Cross" in a medical context, they might be referring to the American Red Cross or other national societies that provide various health-related services, such as blood donation and transfusion, first aid, CPR and AED training, disaster mental health services, and emergency preparedness education.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
MedlinePlus is not a medical term, but rather a consumer health website that provides high-quality, accurate, and reliable health information, written in easy-to-understand language. It is produced by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, the world's largest medical library, and is widely recognized as a trusted source of health information.
MedlinePlus offers information on various health topics, including conditions, diseases, tests, treatments, and wellness. It also provides access to drug information, medical dictionary, and encyclopedia, as well as links to clinical trials, medical news, and patient organizations. The website is available in both English and Spanish and can be accessed for free.
"Otitis" is a general medical term that refers to inflammation or infection in the ear. It can be further classified into different types depending on the part of the ear affected:
1. Otitis externa, also known as swimmer's ear, affects the outer ear and ear canal.
2. Otitis media is an infection or inflammation of the middle ear.
3. Otitis interna, or labyrinthitis, refers to inflammation of the inner ear.
The symptoms of otitis can vary but often include pain, hearing loss, and discharge. The specific treatment will depend on the type and severity of the otitis.
An earache is defined as a pain or discomfort in the ear. It can occur in either the outer, middle, or inner ear. The pain may be sharp, dull, constant, or intermittent and can vary in intensity from mild to severe. Earaches are often accompanied by other symptoms such as hearing loss, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), and feelings of pressure or fullness in the ear. In some cases, an earache may be a symptom of an underlying medical condition, such as an ear infection, swimmer's ear, or a ruptured eardrum. If you are experiencing an earache that is severe or persistent, it is important to seek medical attention from a healthcare professional.
Otitis media is an inflammation or infection of the middle ear. It can occur as a result of a cold, respiratory infection, or allergy that causes fluid buildup behind the eardrum. The buildup of fluid can lead to infection and irritation of the middle ear, causing symptoms such as ear pain, hearing loss, and difficulty balancing. There are two types of otitis media: acute otitis media (AOM), which is a short-term infection that can cause fever and severe ear pain, and otitis media with effusion (OME), which is fluid buildup in the middle ear without symptoms of infection. In some cases, otitis media may require medical treatment, including antibiotics or the placement of ear tubes to drain the fluid and relieve pressure on the eardrum.
The ear is the sensory organ responsible for hearing and maintaining balance. It can be divided into three parts: the outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear. The outer ear consists of the pinna (the visible part of the ear) and the external auditory canal, which directs sound waves toward the eardrum. The middle ear contains three small bones called ossicles that transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. The inner ear contains the cochlea, a spiral-shaped organ responsible for converting sound vibrations into electrical signals that are sent to the brain, and the vestibular system, which is responsible for maintaining balance.
The middle ear is the middle of the three parts of the ear, located between the outer ear and inner ear. It contains three small bones called ossicles (the malleus, incus, and stapes) that transmit and amplify sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. The middle ear also contains the Eustachian tube, which helps regulate air pressure in the middle ear and protects against infection by allowing fluid to drain from the middle ear into the back of the throat.
Spillover infection
Vertically transmitted infection
Subclinical infection
Karla Satchell
Exosome (vesicle)
Panchagavya
IL17A
Nude swimming classes in the United States
Netherton syndrome
Cecily Pickerill
Annexin A1
Henry Pickerill
COVID-19 pandemic in Assam
Nipah virus infection
Pregnancy-associated malaria
Post-presidency of George H. W. Bush
Sporothrix schenckii
Influenza vaccine
Auschwitz Report (book)
Immune system
Zika virus vaccine
Scholarly peer review
Group B streptococcal infection
Medical glove
Platt Report 1959
Wang Jianwei
Triatoma virus
Neonatal intensive care unit
Esther E. Freeman
Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021
Coronavirus: Using computer simulation to minimise cross-infection | Computer Weekly
Invasive Streptococcal Infection Can Lead to the Generation of Cross-Strain Opsonic Antibodies | Lund University Publications
Children develop robust and sustained cross-reactive spike-specific immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection | Nature Immunology
WHO EMRO | Knowledge and attitudes of dental patients towards cross-infection control measures in dental practice | Volume 3,...
Infections haunt IDP children as displaced number crosses 0.9m - Pakistan - DAWN.COM
PRIME PubMed | Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among Egyptian women using culture and Latex agglutination: cross...
SARS-CoV-2 BA.4 infection triggers more cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies than BA.1 | bioRxiv
65279;Removable tap spouts help counter cross infection - Modern Building Services
SipD and IpaD induce a cross-protection against Shigella and Salmonella infections | PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
HIV Infection Is Not Associated With Aortic Stiffness. Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors Are the Main Determinants-Cross...
Molecular epidemiological analysis suggests cross-infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is rare in non-cystic fibrosis...
Risk factors for HIV infection at a large urban emergency department: a cross-sectional study | Sexually Transmitted Infections
Transgender sexual health in China: a cross-sectional online survey in China | Sexually Transmitted Infections
Singapore Institute of International Affairs | Commentary: Risk of cross-infection calls for cooperation
Cross-sectional Survey of Hantavirus Infection, Brazil
Correlation between lung infection severity and clinical laboratory indicators in patients with COVID-19: a cross-sectional...
Cross Infection Control | Online Dental Course | learndirect
Clinical characterisation and phylogeny of respiratory syncytial virus infection in hospitalised children at Red Cross War...
Advice to Pet Owners | Human Salmonella Muenchen Infections Linked to Contact with Pet Crested Geckos | May 2015 | Salmonella ...
Bloodborne virus infections among drug users in Ireland: a retrospective cross-sectional survey of screening, prevalence,...
When lockdown policies amplify social inequalities in COVID-19 infections. Evidence from a cross-sectional population-based...
Is Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccine a Known Risk Factor for Latent Tuberculosis Infection?: A Cross-sectional Study on 180...
Results of search for 'su:{Cross infection.}' › WHO HQ Library catalog
Microbiologic cross-contamination and infection control in intraoral conventional and digital radiology
Frontiers | Host immune response against DENV and ZIKV infections
The impact of pre-existing cross-reactive immunity on SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine responses. - MORU Tropical Health...
H5N1: Serial cross-sectional estimation of vaccine and infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 sero-prevalence in children and adults,...
Damaged Rose Foliage Leaves Are Dying Due To A Fungal Infection Such As Mildew Or Wilt Plant Desease On Roses Stock Photo -...
Epidemiology2
- Chittick, Infection control and hospital epidemiology. (germitec.com)
- Epidemiology of Zika virus infection. (springer.com)
Pneumonia2
- Little lung infections snowball into pneumonia and within days they've awoken a black hole and we have no choice but to fold to their demands. (ballisticmitosis.com)
- It is recognized as one of the most important causes of both acute and chronic cases of community-acquired and hospital-associated infections including urinary tract infections, blood stream infections, soft tissue infections and 2 pneumonia. (who.int)
Viral infections3
- Finally, a summary of the immune biomarkers that have been reported for dengue and Zika viral infections are discussed which may be useful indicators for future anti-viral targets or predictors for disease severity. (frontiersin.org)
- Judicious use of antibiotics in the treatment of COVID-19, as well as other viral infections (for example, influenza), is required to prevent antibiotic resistance in accordance with the principles of antimicrobial stewardship. (who.int)
- Many of the hospitals, medical patients and medical practitioner suffer from bacterial or viral infections, due to the physical transfer of disease-causing germs and bacteria through person or object. (tipe.com.cn)
Clinical11
- Cross infection can be defined as the transmission of infectious agents between patients and staff within a clinical environment. (who.int)
- This study aims to investigate the correlation between the extent of lung infection and relevant clinical laboratory testing indicators in COVID-19 and to analyse its underlying mechanism. (biomedcentral.com)
- A cross-sectional study method was carried out to explore the differences among the proportions of lung lobe infection and to correlate the percentage of infection (POI) of the whole lung in all patients with clinical laboratory examination values. (biomedcentral.com)
- Throughout the lectures you will learn how to prepare and maintain the clinical area in line with best practice cross infection standards and guidelines. (learndirect.com)
- Despite revised clinical classifications of dengue infections by the World Health Organization, the wide spectrum of the manifestations of dengue illness continues to pose challenges in diagnosis and patient management for clinicians. (frontiersin.org)
- This study aimed to determine the prevalence of antibiotic therapy in patients with COVID-19 infection and explore the association of antibiotic prescribing with patients' demographics and clinical characteristics. (who.int)
- This may be due to the similarities in the clinical manifestations of both viral and bacterial infections. (who.int)
- The demographic information of the participants, their awareness of the COVID-19 acute respiratory disease , and clinical measures taken against cross- infection were evaluated with an online survey . (bvsalud.org)
- Even though the participants were concerned about dental practices that create microbial aerosols during the pandemic period, they continued their clinical routines using high PPE levels and taking extra clinical precautions to avoid cross- infection . (bvsalud.org)
- One case report described primary MAI infection resulting in a clinical picture resembling lupus vulgaris. (medscape.com)
- All leishmaniasis infections are caused by Leishmania parasites but can have varying clinical presentations. (fourstateshomepage.com)
Minimise cross-infection1
- But as the end of lockdown gradually approaches we think it is important to take with you the care and caution that COVID-19 bought with it in terms of a contactless patient journey - continuing now and in the future to minimise cross-infection. (dentally.com)
Recurrent infections3
- Consequently, recurrent infections are common, generating concern that a similar pattern will be observed after SARS-CoV-2 infection. (nature.com)
- Functional defects, like overactive bladder and urinary incontinence, tend to lead to recurrent infections. (nih.gov)
- The source of these recurrent infections is the same as for any simple cystitis. (nih.gov)
Antimicrobial1
- CDC data also suggest that the incidence of MAI infection may be decreasing as a result of highly active antiretroviral therapy and antimicrobial prophylaxis. (medscape.com)
Bacteria4
- Instead, we found that some patients could generate cross-opsonic antibodies, leading to phagocytosis of bacteria across strains. (lu.se)
- The provider may prescribe antibiotics if the infection is caused by bacteria. (medlineplus.gov)
- Wound infections associated with animal bites usually have a polymicrobial etiology, mandating the empiric use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials targeted at both aerobic and anaerobic gram-negative bacteria. (medscape.com)
- You need to make sure everything is hygienic, and that things like food are protected from possible bacteria, to prevent the spread of illness and infections. (newstarget.com)
20222
- We chronicle SARS-CoV-2 sero-prevalence through eight cross-sectional sero-surveys (snapshots) in the Lower Mainland (Greater Vancouver and Fraser Valley), British Columbia, Canada from March 2020 to August 2022. (typepad.com)
- By August 2022, most children and adults had acquired SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and infection exposures, resulting in more robust hybrid immunity. (typepad.com)
Streptococcus1
- These wounds can exhibit a rapidly progressive soft-tissue inflammation that may resemble group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes infections. (medscape.com)
Bacterial infection2
- Cultures of the fluid that may show a bacterial infection. (medlineplus.gov)
- Your immune system , and how effective it is at preventing bacterial infection. (newstarget.com)
Prevalence7
- The prevalence of trichomonas infection was 50 cases, latex agglutination test detected 50 positive cases, 30 of which were also positive by culture, and only 10 were detected both by Giemsa staining and by wet mount. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Bloodborne virus infections among drug users in Ireland: a retrospective cross-sectional survey of screening, prevalence, incidence and hepatitis B immunisation uptake. (drugsandalcohol.ie)
- Grogan, Loretto and Tiernan, Mary and Geoghegan, Noreen and Smyth, Bobby P and Keenan, Eamon (2005) Bloodborne virus infections among drug users in Ireland: a retrospective cross-sectional survey of screening, prevalence, incidence and hepatitis B immunisation uptake. (drugsandalcohol.ie)
- AIMS: To document screening for and immunisation against bloodborne viruses and to determine the known prevalence and incidence of these infections. (drugsandalcohol.ie)
- Sero-prevalence was defined by dual-assay positivity, including any or infection-induced, the latter requiring S1+NP antibody detection from January 2021 owing to vaccine availability. (typepad.com)
- Spillover infection, also known as pathogen spillover and spillover event, occurs when a reservoir population with a high pathogen prevalence comes into contact with a novel host population. (wikipedia.org)
- [ 1 ] Although the prevalence of MAI infection has increased following the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), MAI infection remains a rare cause of skin disease. (medscape.com)
Hospital acquired1
- Economic aspects of hospital acquired infection / by Elizabeth Currie & Alan Maynard. (who.int)
Sexually transmitte1
- Screening tests should be done routinely to depict cases of T. vaginalis infection and should be included in the control programs of sexually transmitted infections. (unboundmedicine.com)
Respiratory Infections1
- Medical Superintendent of District Headquarters Hospital Bannu, Dr Nazir Ahmed says that the hospital OPD treated at least 77 IDP patients with gastro and Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) on Friday while the number was around the same on Saturday. (dawn.com)
Patients29
- These findings question the dogma that an invasive infection should lead to a strong type-specific antibody increase rather than a more modest but broadly reactive response, as seen in these patients. (lu.se)
- Here, we carefully analyzed the opsonic antibody response following invasive infection in four patients. (lu.se)
- Tanta patients were more concerned about cross infection than other patients. (who.int)
- Les patients de Tanta étaient davantage préoccupés par les infections croisées que les autres patients. (who.int)
- In dentistry, the source of infection may be the patients suffering from infectious diseases, those who are in the prodromal stage of certain infections, and healthy carriers of pathogens. (who.int)
- Dental surgery assistants, who are involved in the treatment of patients, cleaning of instruments and surgery disinfection, should also wear gloves, because their hands are considered to be a major source of infection [9], and potentially infected blood may be harboured beneath the fingernails for up to five days [10]. (who.int)
- Hundreds of patients mostly children, women and elderly tribesmen are arriving at hospitals with gastroenteritis, ARI infections and diarrhea infections but further, the hospital conditions and facilities are inadequate to cope with the situation. (dawn.com)
- He further said around 250 to 300 patients have also been treated by the PIMS doctors at the District Headquarters Hospital for gastro and ARI infections, adding the other hospital are also receiving patients for similar ailments due to severe hot weather and poor hygienic conditions. (dawn.com)
- Vaginal swabs were obtained from all patients for examination by direct wet mount examination, Giemsa staining, Modified Diamond culture and latex agglutination test Kalon) to detect the presence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection. (unboundmedicine.com)
- This cross-infection risk has led to segregation of patients [ 5 ]. (ersjournals.com)
- Methods We performed a cross-sectional study that employed a post hoc risk factor analysis of ED patients ≥18 years who were screened for HIV between 27 November 2018 and 26 November 2019, at a single urban, quaternary referral academic hospital. (bmj.com)
- With the risk that cross infection poses to dental staff and patients, it is imperative each dental professional knows the most up to date methods of controlling and preventing the spread of disease. (learndirect.com)
- Of the 157 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection, 90 (57.3%) received antibiotics, with only three (1.9%) having confirmed bacterial coinfection. (who.int)
- Since the 90's we have come a long way and CF patients take the responsibility upon themselves to not cross paths, understanding that what we have in our lungs could actually hurt others who are trying to survive just like ourselves. (ballisticmitosis.com)
- Dental practitioners and patients are at high risk of infection during their routine practice due to their exposure to saliva , blood , and droplet production . (bvsalud.org)
- The number of married patients who had good knowledge of cross- infection control was 118, which was statistically significant. (bvsalud.org)
- From the study, it is evident that the patients possess a good range of knowledge in both preventive and cross- infection protocols to follow during the COVID-19 pandemic. (bvsalud.org)
- Patients with P multocida infection who present without evidence of an animal bite are more likely to have invasive infection such as respiratory or bloodstream infection. (medscape.com)
- That's why we have created a focus around the contactless patient journey - restoring patient confidence and making attendance effortless whilst keeping both your team and your patients safe by minimising cross-infection. (dentally.com)
- Managing the process is easy for both your staff and your patients - helping to minimise contact and reduce the risk of cross-infection. (dentally.com)
- So, you can rest assured that your patients will always be kept up to date - minimising their need to come into the practice for updates and to make bookings thus reducing the chance of cross-infection. (dentally.com)
- Summarize the management considerations for patients with recurrent urinary tract infections. (nih.gov)
- Explain the importance of improving care coordination among the interprofessional team to enhance the delivery of care for patients affected by recurrent urinary tract infections. (nih.gov)
- The infections in patients with SLE, primarily involving the skin, respiratory tract, and urinary tract, can significantly complicate disease management. (medscimonit.com)
- This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence, management, and patient outcomes associated with infections in a group of 74 SLE patients at a single center in Saudi Arabia, spanning a 5-year period. (medscimonit.com)
- All adult SLE patients (age >14 years, as per hospital policy), confirmed by SLICC criteria, and admitted due to infections (determined by quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment or qSOFA scores) were included in the study. (medscimonit.com)
- It is important to consider cutaneous infection with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI, or MAC) in patients with antibiotic-resistant cellulitis, nonhealing nodules, and ulcers, as well as in patients who are immunosuppressed with evidence of disseminated MAI (DMAI) infection. (medscape.com)
- Opportunistic tropical infections in immunosuppressed patients. (ajtmh.org)
- This was a cross sectional hospital- vancomycin as the drug of choice in the treatment of based study involving 300 patients of all ages with 6 infections caused by MRSA. (who.int)
Incidence2
- The incidence of HCV, HBV and HIV infections were: 24.5, 9.0 and 3.4 per hundred person years respectively. (drugsandalcohol.ie)
- Rates and incidence of infection decline dramatically the further away from the greenhouses the wild bees are located. (wikipedia.org)
Immunity3
- The emergence of cross-opsonic antibodies is likely important for long-term immunity against S. pyogenes. (lu.se)
- Our findings question the dogma that mostly strain-specific immunity is developed after infection and add to our overall understanding of how immunity to S. pyogenes can evolve. (lu.se)
- The impact of pre-existing cross-reactive immunity on SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine responses. (tropmedres.ac)
Soft tissue2
- Primary cutaneous MAI infection generally occurs in hosts who are immunocompetent after traumatic introduction into the soft tissue. (medscape.com)
- Data on skin and soft-tissue infection caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria in Taiwan (1997-2008) suggest that MAI is an important pathogen. (medscape.com)
Salmonella3
- However, reptiles continue to be a cause of human Salmonella infections in the United States. (cdc.gov)
- More information about Salmonella from reptiles and how you can reduce your risk of infection is available in English and en Español . (cdc.gov)
- Contact with reptiles can be a source of human Salmonella infections. (cdc.gov)
Humans1
- The dogs that lived in Ozaukee, caught strep zoo, a fatal infection that in rare cases, can spread to humans. (naturalnews.com)
20202
- Design A cross-sectional survey conducted among the general population in France in April 2020, during COVID-19 lockdown. (medrxiv.org)
- A retrospective analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary hospital and training institution in Baguio City, the Philippines from March 2020 to March 2021. (who.int)
Antibody7
- Here, we quantified the opsonic-antibody response following invasive S. pyogenes infection. (lu.se)
- Quantitative antibody binding and phagocytosis assays were used to evaluate isolate-dependent opsonic antibody function in response to infection. (lu.se)
- Invasive S. pyogenes infections result in a modestly increased antibody binding with differential opsonic capacity, both nonfunctional binding and broadly opsonic binding across types. (lu.se)
- Furthermore, our results indicate that an increase in antibody titers might not be indicative of an opsonic response and highlight the importance of evaluating antibody function in S. pyogenes infections. (lu.se)
- Antibody responses against spike protein were high in children and seroconversion boosted responses against seasonal Beta-coronaviruses through cross-recognition of the S2 domain. (nature.com)
- Importantly, children retained antibody and cellular responses 6 months after infection, whereas relative waning occurred in adults. (nature.com)
- These coronaviruses cause frequent mild childhood infections and antibody seroconversion occurs typically before the age of 5 years. (nature.com)
Occurs2
- Usually spread of infection occurs, when you are in contact with a contaminated body. (tipe.com.cn)
- This coincidence concords with the fact that DMAI infection often occurs in association with HIV disease. (medscape.com)
Vaccine2
- Is Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccine a Known Risk Factor for Latent Tuberculosis Infection? (ed.ac.uk)
- Together, this information appraises the current understanding of both Zika and Dengue infections, providing insights for future vaccine design approaches against both viruses. (frontiersin.org)
Urinary tract inf1
- Approximately one in three women suffers an uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) before the age of 24. (nih.gov)
Acute9
- Almost half of that number, mostly children and women, face serious health hazards due to poor hygienic conditions, in addition to severe hot weather which has increased ARI (Acute Respiratory Infection), gastro infections, skin and other water borne diseases. (dawn.com)
- Pre-existing cross-reactive immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) proteins in infection-naive subjects have been described by several studies. (tropmedres.ac)
- Chronic ear infections are much less common than acute ear infections. (medlineplus.gov)
- Symptoms of a chronic ear infection may be less severe than symptoms of an acute infection. (medlineplus.gov)
- Getting prompt treatment for an acute ear infection may reduce the risk of developing a chronic ear infection. (medlineplus.gov)
- Viruses portal Medicine portal Cross-species transmission Reverse zoonosis Epidemic Infection Outbreak List of Legionellosis outbreaks 1993 Four Corners hantavirus outbreak Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Carlson, Colin J. (wikipedia.org)
- Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are defined as two episodes of acute bacterial cystitis, along with associated symptoms within the last six months or three episodes within the last year. (nih.gov)
- During acute infection, ZIKV is detectable in most organs and body fluids including human semen. (springer.com)
- Acute myelitis due to Zika virus infection. (springer.com)
ZIKV2
- So far, the consensus is that ZIKV infection in the testes or epididymis might affect sperm development and, consequently, male fertility. (springer.com)
- This manuscript provides an updated overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of ZIKV infection and reviews data on ZIKV persistence in semen and associated risks to the male reproductive system described in human and animal models studies. (springer.com)
Virus infection7
- During virus infection, the specific immune signals produced from infected cells are important for dictating the recruitment and activation of innate or adaptive immune cells that are required to fight virus infection. (nature.com)
- For SARS-CoV-2, lung epithelial cells are the primary site of infection and therefore are responsible for initiating immune responses to virus infection. (nature.com)
- In addition to direct viral sensing, cells have also evolved ways to detect the indirect effects of virus infection, such as nuclear or mitochondrial damage caused by the heavy cellular burden imposed by virus replication. (nature.com)
- Moreover, cGAS is an important molecule for regulating basal expression levels of cell-intrinsic immune genes in cells and is, therefore, a central protein in immune responses to virus infection 10 . (nature.com)
- Guillain-Barre syndrome after Zika virus infection in Brazil. (springer.com)
- Guillain-Barre syndrome outbreak associated with Zika virus infection in French Polynesia: a case-control study. (springer.com)
- Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with Zika virus infection. (springer.com)
Vaccination5
- Therefore, it is imperative to understand the profile of SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses in children after natural infection to inform vaccination strategy. (nature.com)
- Cross-reactivity was observed both in the absence of prior vaccination and also in breakthrough infections following vaccination. (biorxiv.org)
- However, the role of such cross-reactive responses in the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination is currently unclear. (tropmedres.ac)
- Here, we review evidence regarding the impact of pre-existing humoral and T cell immune responses to outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. (tropmedres.ac)
- Furthermore, we discuss the importance of conserved coronavirus epitopes for the rational design of pan-coronavirus vaccines and consider cross-reactivity of immune responses to ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 variants, as well as their impact on COVID-19 vaccination. (tropmedres.ac)
Zika5
- When the Zika epidemic spread through the American continent and then later to Africa and Asia in 2015, researchers compared the characteristics of the Zika infection to Dengue, considering both these viruses were transmitted primarily through the same vector, the Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes. (frontiersin.org)
- An important difference to note, however, was that the Zika epidemic diffused in a shorter time span compared to the persisting feature of Dengue infections, which is endemic in many Asian countries. (frontiersin.org)
- Meanwhile, the cross-reactivity of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells response to Dengue and Zika viruses provide important clues for further development of potential treatments. (frontiersin.org)
- This review discusses similarities between Dengue and Zika infections, comparing their disease transmissions and vectors involved, and both the innate and adaptive immune responses in these infections. (frontiersin.org)
- Consideration of the genetic identity of both the Dengue and Zika flaviviruses as well as the cross-reactivity of relevant T cells along with the actions of CD4+ cytotoxic cells in these infections are also presented. (frontiersin.org)
Suggests1
- If the organism continues to be the same, this is a relapsing infection and suggests an inadequately treated source such as an abscess, urinary stone, or prostatitis. (nih.gov)
METHODS3
- METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of clients attending 21 specialist addiction treatment clinics in one health board area in greater Dublin. (drugsandalcohol.ie)
- Hospital-acquired infections : guidelines to laboratory methods / edited by M. T. Parker. (who.int)
- Despite the overall knowledge of the participants regarding COVID-19 symptoms, transmission routes, and the guidelines needed to prevent the virus from spreading, the dental specialists followed infection control methods more strictly. (bvsalud.org)
Microbial2
- Adding the benefits of nanoparticles with photo-catalytic oxidation reaction, TiPE has introduced anti-microbial coating that can combat the spread of cross-infection in any space. (tipe.com.cn)
- This undermines the effectiveness of the available treatment options and thus contributes to the persistence of microbial infections. (who.int)
Pathogen1
- It is unclear if antibodies developed after infections with this pathogen are opsonic and if they are strain specific or more broadly protective. (lu.se)
Outcomes1
- In CF, epidemic infections with specific clones of P. aeruginosa are associated with further adverse outcomes [ 3 , 4 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Symptoms4
- The symptoms after infection mainly include fever, dry cough, and fatigue. (biomedcentral.com)
- however, in a significant proportion of infections, individuals develop severe symptoms that can lead to long-lasting lung damage or death. (nature.com)
- Leishmaniasis is a reportable condition in Texas, and the DSHS encourages doctors to consider the infection if a patient has consistent symptoms and has not recently traveled overseas. (fourstateshomepage.com)
- screening-clients-respiratory-infection-symptoms.html. (cdc.gov)
Immune1
- Therefore, children generate robust, cross-reactive and sustained immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 with focused specificity for the spike protein. (nature.com)
Pseudomonas2
- In both cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF bronchiectasis (NCFBr) chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is adversely prognostic [ 1 , 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)
- An outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory tract infections associated with intrinsically contaminated ultrasound transmission gel. (germitec.com)
Evidence1
- Cochrane Abstracts , Evidence Central , evidence.unboundmedicine.com/evidence/view/Cochrane/436786/all/Double_gloving_to_reduce_surgical_cross‐infection. (unboundmedicine.com)
Germs2
- I guess there can be cross contamination of germs when the dog dirties the Dentist all over and then the Dentists works on a patient. (lookfordiagnosis.com)
- find a better scope to restrict the growth of germs and infections in a hygiene-critical environment. (tipe.com.cn)
Occur3
- Transmission of infection within a dental surgery may occur by direct contact of tissue with secretions or blood, from droplets containing infectious agent, or via contaminated sharps or instruments which have been improperly sterilized. (who.int)
- The microbiologic contamination can occur in all the steps of an intraoral conventional or digital radiographic examination, unless some measures to avoid the cross-infection are applied. (bvsalud.org)
- When this happens, infection can occur. (medlineplus.gov)
Etiology1
- Describe the etiology of recurrent urinary tract infections. (nih.gov)
Diagnosis3
- It provides results within 2-3 minutes and it has the potential for use in screening and diagnosis of T. vaginalis infection. (unboundmedicine.com)
- COVID-19 generally attacks within 14 days after infection, and its diagnosis depends on viral nucleic acid testing, which is susceptible to interference by some factors. (biomedcentral.com)
- One chart review series of 47 children with cervical adenitis revealed a median age of 3 years at the time of MAI infection diagnosis. (medscape.com)
Antibodies3
- As such, recent hCoV infection might presensitize children against SARS-CoV-2 infection and may explain cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies in some seronegative children 15 . (nature.com)
- SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) differentially trigger neutralizing antibodies with variable cross-neutralizing capacity. (biorxiv.org)
- Here we show that unlike SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1, which triggered neutralizing antibodies with limited cross-reactivity, BA.4/5 infection triggers highly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies. (biorxiv.org)
Contamination4
- What are the strategies for preventing contamination and cross-infection? (lookfordiagnosis.com)
- Infection may be via direct interactions between managed and wild bees or via shared flower use and contamination. (wikipedia.org)
- MHRA alert released due to patient death from hepatitis B infection attributed contamination to improperly reprocessed transoesophageal echocardiography probe. (germitec.com)
- Cross-contamination and infection were widespread. (wikipedia.org)
Outbreak2
- China's handling of the outbreak has been bearing fruit, with new infection rates slowing. (siiaonline.org)
- The majority, 78.6%, recorded good knowledge of infection control following the COVID-19 outbreak. (bvsalud.org)
Tertiary1
- Unfortunately, the suspected cases of ear, wound and urinary tract report of emergence of vancomycin intermediate infections at both tertiary (UUTH) and secondary sensitive S. aureus (VISA) and vancomycin (GHIA) healthcare facilities in Akwa Ibom State. (who.int)
Pandemic3
- The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has resulted in over 4.2 million deaths so far and the most notable determinant of outcome is age at the time of primary infection 1 . (nature.com)
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the work environment and expertise/specialty degree of dentists on their behavior , awareness , and attitudes regarding cross- infection control during the COVID-19 pandemic. (bvsalud.org)
- This was cross-sectional analytic survey in dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic. (bvsalud.org)
Subclinical1
- An asymptomatic carrier has no past history of infection, as he/she may have unknowingly had a subclinical infection, and thus such carriers cannot be easily identified. (who.int)
Risk of infection1
- Khaou said for medical workers donning personal protective equipment, similar simulations were also performed to ascertain how far they should stay away from another person or patient in the same facility to minimise the risk of infection. (computerweekly.com)
Protocols1
- Also, the literature shows that the existence of infection control protocols is mandatory for dental offices and colleges. (bvsalud.org)
Healthcare3
- A more plausible use case, he added, could be to simulate the risks for healthcare workers as they enter a ward in an existing hospital, and the procedures they have to follow to guard against cross-infection. (computerweekly.com)
- Infection control practices among correctional healthcare workers: effect of management attitudes and availability of protective equipment and engineering control s. (cdc.gov)
- Objectives: To determine the relation of the availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) and engineering control s to infection control (IC) practices in a prison healthcare setting, and to explore the effect on IC practices of a perceived organizational commitment to safety. (cdc.gov)
Sectional4
- This is a cross-sectional study carried out in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at Kasr Al- Ainy Cairo University Hospitals. (unboundmedicine.com)
- We conducted an online cross-sectional survey of men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender individuals to examine sociodemographics, intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual behaviours in China. (bmj.com)
- Design: Cross-sectional survey. (cdc.gov)
- The study design was a descriptive cross-sectional study. (who.int)
Practice3
- Is it against cross infection for a dentist to take his dog into his practice daily? (lookfordiagnosis.com)
- To gain insight into the patient 's viewpoint regarding the practice, altitude , and knowledge of COVID-19 and its transmission and cross- infection in dental clinics . (bvsalud.org)
- Now - the focus will shift towards using cloud technology to maintain connections, minimise unnecessary trips to the practice and consequently reduce the risk of cross-infection in day to day life. (dentally.com)
Proportion1
- CONCLUSION: The proportion of clients screened for HCV, HBV and HIV infection has increased since the introduction of a screening protocol in 1998. (drugsandalcohol.ie)