An abnormality in lung development that is characterized by a multicystic mass resulting from an adenomatous overgrowth of the terminal BRONCHIOLES with a consequent reduction of PULMONARY ALVEOLI. This anomaly is classified into three types by the cyst size.
A developmental anomaly in which a mass of nonfunctioning lung tissue lacks normal connection with the tracheobroncheal tree and receives an anomalous blood supply originating from the descending thoracic or abdominal aorta. The mass may be extralobar, i.e., completely separated from normally connected lung, or intralobar, i.e., partly surrounded by normal lung.
A condition of abnormally high AMNIOTIC FLUID volume, such as greater than 2,000 ml in the LAST TRIMESTER and usually diagnosed by ultrasonographic criteria (AMNIOTIC FLUID INDEX). It is associated with maternal DIABETES MELLITUS; MULTIPLE PREGNANCY; CHROMOSOMAL DISORDERS; and congenital abnormalities.
Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the lung parenchyma as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.
A small, circumscribed, benign tumor of the genital tract, composed of small glandlike spaces lined by flattened or cuboidal mesothelium-like cells. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in two or more fetal compartments, such as SKIN; PLEURA; PERICARDIUM; PLACENTA; PERITONEUM; AMNIOTIC FLUID. General fetal EDEMA may be of non-immunologic origin, or of immunologic origin as in the case of ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS.
Collection of air and blood in the pleural cavity.
A syndrome characterized by the acute onset of unilateral FACIAL PARALYSIS which progresses over a 2-5 day period. Weakness of the orbicularis oculi muscle and resulting incomplete eye closure may be associated with corneal injury. Pain behind the ear often precedes the onset of paralysis. This condition may be associated with HERPESVIRUS 1, HUMAN infection of the facial nerve. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1376)
Pathophysiological conditions of the FETUS in the UTERUS. Some fetal diseases may be treated with FETAL THERAPIES.
A diminution of the skeletal muscle tone marked by a diminished resistance to passive stretching.
The visualization of tissues during pregnancy through recording of the echoes of ultrasonic waves directed into the body. The procedure may be applied with reference to the mother or the fetus and with reference to organs or the detection of maternal or fetal disease.
The excision of lung tissue including partial or total lung lobectomy.
Determination of the nature of a pathological condition or disease in the postimplantation EMBRYO; FETUS; or pregnant female before birth.
Surgical incision into the chest wall.
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
Results of conception and ensuing pregnancy, including LIVE BIRTH; STILLBIRTH; SPONTANEOUS ABORTION; INDUCED ABORTION. The outcome may follow natural or artificial insemination or any of the various ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES, such as EMBRYO TRANSFER or FERTILIZATION IN VITRO.
Any fluid-filled closed cavity or sac that is lined by an EPITHELIUM. Cysts can be of normal, abnormal, non-neoplastic, or neoplastic tissues.
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
An infant during the first month after birth.
Neoplasms produced from tooth-forming tissues.
Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.
A usually spherical cyst, arising as an embryonic out-pouching of the foregut or trachea. It is generally found in the mediastinum or lung and is usually asymptomatic unless it becomes infected.
Abnormal formation of blood vessels that shunt arterial blood directly into veins without passing through the CAPILLARIES. They usually are crooked, dilated, and with thick vessel walls. A common type is the congenital arteriovenous fistula. The lack of blood flow and oxygen in the capillaries can lead to tissue damage in the affected areas.

The role of fetal surgery in life threatening anomalies. (1/40)

The development and evolution of fetal surgery and the recognition of the fetus as a patient came from two sources. First, were those obstetricians and perinatologists who detected life threatening anomalies before birth, and re-described a hidden mortality arising from death in utero. Ultrasonography, color Doppler ultrasound and ultrafast fetal magnetic resonance imaging have since enhanced the accuracy of prenatal evaluation. Second, were those pediatricians responsible for treating newborn infants with extremely serious problems, and that appeared untreatable, although, it was believed that they could have been treated at an earlier stage of development. After the natural history of several correctable lesions had been determined and the selection criteria for intervention developed, fetal surgery emerged as a means of improving the overall morbidity and mortality rates.  (+info)

Late-onset congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung. Embryology, clinical symptomatology, diagnostic procedures, therapeutic approach and clinical follow-up. (2/40)

BACKGROUND: Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung (CCAM) is an embryonic developmental anomaly of an unknown etiology usually diagnosed antenatally by imaging techniques. A minority of cases may not be identified by prenatal imaging techniques and may go unnoticed for the first 6 months of their extrauterine life. Due to its rarity, physicians are unlikely to suspect the condition. OBJECTIVES: To highlight the embryology, clinical symptomatology, diagnostic procedures, therapeutic approach and clinical follow-up of a series of 12 patients with late-onset CCAM. METHODS: An observational study which offers the description of the clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, treatment and follow-up of 12 patients with late-onset CCAM. SETTING: A 600-bed teaching hospital in a reference area of 350,000 inhabitants. PATIENTS: 12 patients from 1983 to 1999. RESULTS: Twelve diagnosed cases of late-onset CCAM. Mean age at diagnosis: 6.7 years (range: 6 months to 23 years). CLINICAL PRESENTATION: 9 out of 12 (75%) with repeated lung infections, 2 out of 12 (16%) chance finding, and 1 case (8%) with pneumothorax. On pathological examination, 7 were found to be CCAM type I and 4 CCAM type II according to Stocker's classification; 1 patient is currently awaiting surgery. The diagnostic method of choice nowadays is a computed tomography (CT) scan performed in the 7 more recent cases; in the former 5 cases an isotopic lung scan was done (and in 2 of them a bronchography was also performed). TREATMENT: 11 patients were operated: 8 lobectomies, 2 segmentectomies and 1 localized resection. Mean follow-up: 8 years (range: 6 months to 16 years). COMPLICATIONS: One reintervention due to a reappearance of the lesion in the patient who underwent localized resection of the CCAM. No cases of malignancy were found. CONCLUSIONS: Late-onset CCAM is an infrequent illness which requires a high level of clinical suspicion. It usually presents in the form of repeated infections. The most frequent pathological forms are type I and II (Stocker). The diagnostic method of choice is the CT scan. The recommended treatment is radical surgery of the lesion once diagnosis has been established. Malignancy and relapses are very infrequent when radical surgery is not postponed.  (+info)

Fetal therapy: state of the art. (3/40)

OBJECTIVE: To review our experience with the use of sonography in evaluating potential candidates for in utero fetal therapy performed at The Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. METHODS: This review article was designed to discuss open hysterotomy for the 4 fetal surgical procedures that have been performed at our institution. The procedures included surgical repair of myelomeningocele, resection of sacrococcygeal teratoma in fetuses with nonimmune hydrops, resection of an enlarging congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation that is not amenable to thoracoamniotic shunting, and tracheal clip occlusion for severe left congenital diaphragmatic hernia. RESULTS: For each surgical procedure, the use of sonography in the prenatal diagnosis of the congenital anomaly was detailed, as were indications for surgery and surgical procedures, postoperative monitoring and finally delivery, postnatal treatment, and long-term follow-up. Three of the procedures have been reasonably successful with rather dramatic results in some cases such that these techniques are still being performed. The 1 exception was open hysterotomy for the tracheal clip procedure for congenital diaphragmatic hernia, which has been abandoned. CONCLUSIONS: Fetal therapy is a rapidly evolving specialty, which is being practiced at several centers in this country. Sonography is an integral part of this specialty practice and has been used extensively in the diagnosis of some congenital anomalies that have debilitating or lethal consequences for the fetus. Technologic improvements in both sonography and magnetic resonance imaging have assisted tremendously in the many advances herein reported in the diagnosis and treatment of the above-described 4 congenital anomalies.  (+info)

Spontaneous improvement of intrathoracic masses diagnosed in utero. (4/40)

The diagnosis and pregnancy outcome for 14 fetuses with sonographically detected chest masses were reviewed retrospectively. Six lesions became smaller or less apparent during gestation or resolved between antenatal and perinatal imaging studies; these included all three types of cystic adenomatoid malformation (CAM), as well as one case of pulmonary sequestration (PS). This information is extremely important in counseling patients in the second trimester who are considering termination of pregnancy. The poor prognosis traditionally assigned to type II and type III CAM needs changing to reflect the phenomenon of improvement with excellent long-term outcomes. Sonographic indicators of poor outcome were polyhydramnios, hydrops or marked cardiac deviation.  (+info)

Volume contrast imaging: A new approach to identify fetal thoracic structures. (5/40)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the potential of volume contrast imaging for evaluation of fetal intrathoracic structures. METHODS: Volume contrast imaging is a new ultrasonographic method that increases the contrast between tissues. It consists of a 5- to 10-mm-thick slice-shaped volume image projected on a 2-dimensional screen. The rendering process applied on the slice smoothens the speckle pattern of the image by filling up the gaps with tissue information from the adjacent layers. To evaluate the potential of volume contrast imaging for enhancing the contrast between fetal lungs and surrounding tissues, we compared the ability of volume contrast imaging and conventional ultrasonography to image the fetal thymus in 50 controls. We also applied volume contrast imaging to prenatal imaging of 6 thoracic abnormalities (2 left congenital diaphragmatic hernias, 1 right diaphragmatic hernia, 2 congenital adenomatoid lung malformations, and 1 lung sequestration). RESULTS: In controls, the thymus was identified in all cases by volume contrast imaging and in 42 cases (84%) by conventional 2-dimensional ultrasonography. Clear images of macrocystic and microcystic congenital adenomatoid malformations were obtained by volume contrast imaging, which provided precise contouring of the lesions. In cases with congenital diaphragmatic hernias, volume contrast imaging provided clear images of the limits of the lungs ipsilateral to the hernia. CONCLUSIONS: Volume contrast imaging may enhance the contrast between fetal lungs and surrounding organs and can be applied to prenatal imaging of intrathoracic structures in cases with thoracic fetal abnormalities.  (+info)

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. (6/40)

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) of the lung is a rare pulmonary lesion. The prognosis is variable ranging from perinatal death to spontaneous in utero regression, with no neonatal morbidity. We present a case of CCAM diagnosed at 23 weeks' gestation using results of prenatal sonograms. Both prenatal Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional sonograms revealed multiple cystic lesions at the right lower lung field. Regular serial antenatal sonograms revealed the fetus had persistent right lower lung multicyst lesions but had no hydrops fetalis or associated congenital anomalies. The results of the antenatal 50 g glucose diabetic screen at 24 weeks' gestation were normal. A live male baby was vaginally delivered smoothly at 40 weeks' gestation. Body weight was 4170 g. Apgar scores were 7 at 1 minute and 8 at 5 minutes. The newborn had no signs of respiratory distress at birth. Postnatal chest computed tomography (CT) also revealed multiple fluid-filled cysts in the right lower lobe compatible with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. Because of the potential risk of perinatal death, repeated lung infection and malignant change of CCAM, the newborn received right lower lung lobectomy 1 week after delivery. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of CCAM type II. The recovery was smooth postoperatively and the baby still receives regular follow-up. We emphasize the importance of prenatal diagnosis of CCAM and early removal of the congenital cystic lesions of the lung to achieve a good outcome.  (+info)

Fetal lung dysplasia: clinical outcome based on a new classification system. (7/40)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical application of a new classification system of fetal lung anomalies. METHODS: Forty fetal diagnoses of lung lesions were analyzed according to our proposed classification system in which each lung component is considered using two-dimensional ultrasound and color and power Doppler technology. Medical files, natural history and neonatal follow-up were recorded. RESULTS: Type I dysplasia: Four cases of agenesis of the lung were diagnosed, three with right lung agenesis and one with left lung agenesis. Three of the four patients elected to undergo termination of pregnancy (TOP). The surviving fetus was diagnosed with scimitar syndrome and postnatal embolization of the aberrant vessel was performed. Type II dysplasia: One case of normal lung with abnormal systemic feeding artery was diagnosed with normal neonatal outcome. Type III dysplasia: Abnormal lung with abnormal vascularity was found in 14 cases, presenting in most cases as echogenic lung masses. Seven were supradiaphragmatic, six subdiaphragmatic and one case was of undetermined position. All 14 fetuses showed an aberrant systemic artery emerging from the aorta. Abnormal venous drainage could be identified in only five (36%) of the fetuses: three had prominent azygos vein, one showed drainage to the inferior vena cava and one had multiple intrapulmonary veins forming a huge arteriovenous (A-V) shunt. Two cases in this group underwent TOP, the case with A-V shunt following development of hydrops, and one on maternal request. The remaining 12 fetuses (86%) survived and were alive and well at the time of writing; only one of them needed immediate postnatal embolization of the bilateral aberrant feeding arteries. Type IV dysplasia: Abnormal lung with no vascular abnormality was diagnosed in 20 fetuses. In this group there was one case of intrauterine fetal death, two patients underwent TOP, one complicated with hydrops and one on maternal request. The survival rate in this group was 85%. Only two cases needed immediate surgical repair. Type V miscellaneous dysplasia: One fetus demonstrated echogenic lung with split notochord syndrome and survived. CONCLUSIONS: Congenital bronchopulmonary and related vascular anomalies can be categorized using the new classification system. This new approach enabled prenatal evaluation of each lung component and facilitated cogent management of the fetus with congenital lung dysplasia.  (+info)

Unexpected intrauterine death following resolution of hydrops fetalis after betamethasone treatment in a fetus with a large cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung. (8/40)

Without intervention, the development of hydrops fetalis secondary to cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung (CAML) implies a 100% mortality rate. Conversely, four CAML cases with in-utero resolution of hydrops fetalis after prenatal betamethasone therapy with good clinical outcome have been reported in the literature. The mechanism is speculated to be the effect of corticosteroid in improving lung maturation. Here we present another CAML case with resolution of hydrops fetalis after prenatal betamethasone therapy but which was followed by later intrauterine death. We speculate that the resolution of the CAML lesion itself may be more important in determining the clinical outcome than the resolution of hydrops. The association between prenatal betamethasone therapy and resolution of hydrops may be related to a different mechanism other than improvement of lung maturation.  (+info)

Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation (CCAM) of the lung is a rare developmental anomaly of the lungs that affects the terminal ends of the bronchus. It is characterized by the presence of abnormal masses or nodules filled with mucus or air-filled cysts in the lung tissue. These malformations are typically present at birth but may not cause any symptoms until later in life, if at all.

CCAMs are classified into three types based on their size, location, and the number of cysts present. Type I CCAMs have one or more large cysts (greater than 2 cm in diameter), type II CCAMs have multiple small cysts (less than 1 cm in diameter), and type III CCAMs are solid masses without any visible cysts.

CCAMs can cause a range of symptoms, including respiratory distress, coughing, wheezing, recurrent lung infections, and difficulty gaining weight. In severe cases, they may lead to heart failure or fetal hydrops (a condition characterized by fluid accumulation in the fetus).

The diagnosis of CCAMs is typically made through prenatal ultrasound or imaging studies such as CT scans or MRIs after birth. Treatment usually involves surgical removal of the affected lung tissue, which can be done safely with minimal risk to the child's health and development.

Bronchopulmonary sequestration is a rare birth defect of the lungs, in which a mass of abnormal lung tissue develops that doesn't function and isn't connected to the tracheobronchial tree (the airways that lead to the lungs). This means that the abnormal tissue receives its blood supply from an anomalous systemic artery instead of the normal pulmonary circulation. The mass may be located within the lung (intralobar sequestration) or outside the lung (extralobar sequestration), and it can occur on either side of the chest.

Intralobar sequestrations are more common than extralobar sequestrations, accounting for about 75% of cases. They are usually found in adults and are located within a normal lung tissue. Extralobar sequestrations, on the other hand, are typically detected earlier in life (often as an incidental finding during prenatal ultrasound) and are surrounded by their own pleural lining, which can make them appear separate from the normal lung tissue.

Symptoms of bronchopulmonary sequestration may include recurrent respiratory infections, coughing up blood (hemoptysis), shortness of breath, or chest pain. Treatment usually involves surgical removal of the abnormal tissue to prevent complications such as infection, bleeding, or the development of malignancy.

Polyhydramnios is a medical condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of amniotic fluid in the sac surrounding the fetus during pregnancy, typically defined as an amniotic fluid index (AFI) greater than 24 cm or a single deepest pocket (SDP) measurement of more than 8 cm. It occurs in approximately 1-2% of pregnancies and can be associated with various maternal, fetal, and genetic conditions. If left untreated, polyhydramnios may increase the risk of premature labor, premature rupture of membranes, and other pregnancy complications. Proper diagnosis and management are essential to ensure a healthy pregnancy outcome.

A lung abscess is a localized collection of pus in the lung parenchyma caused by an infectious process, often due to bacterial infection. It's characterized by necrosis and liquefaction of pulmonary tissue, resulting in a cavity filled with purulent material. The condition can develop as a complication of community-acquired or nosocomial pneumonia, aspiration of oral secretions containing anaerobic bacteria, septic embolism, or contiguous spread from a nearby infected site.

Symptoms may include cough with foul-smelling sputum, chest pain, fever, weight loss, and fatigue. Diagnosis typically involves imaging techniques such as chest X-ray or CT scan, along with microbiological examination of the sputum to identify the causative organism(s). Treatment often includes antibiotic therapy tailored to the identified pathogen(s), as well as supportive care such as bronchoscopy, drainage, or surgery in severe cases.

An adenomatoid tumor is a benign (non-cancerous) neoplasm that typically arises in the serosal surfaces of the reproductive organs, such as the epididymis in men and the fallopian tube or uterus in women. These tumors are composed of epithelioid cells arranged in tubules, glands, or cysts, and they can sometimes be mistaken for malignant tumors due to their gross appearance. However, adenomatoid tumors are generally slow-growing and do not spread to other parts of the body. They are usually treated with surgical excision and have an excellent prognosis.

Hydrops Fetalis is a serious condition characterized by the accumulation of excessive fluid in two or more fetal compartments, including the abdomen (ascites), around the heart (pericardial effusion), and/or within the lungs (pleural effusion). This accumulation can also affect the skin, causing it to become edematous. Hydrops Fetalis is often associated with various underlying causes, such as chromosomal abnormalities, congenital infections, genetic disorders, and structural defects that impair the fetus's ability to maintain fluid balance. In some cases, the cause may remain unknown. The prognosis for Hydrops Fetalis is generally poor, with a high mortality rate, although early detection and appropriate management can improve outcomes in certain situations.

Hemopneumothorax is a medical condition that refers to the presence of both air (pneumothorax) and blood (hemothorax) in the pleural space, which is the area between the lungs and the chest wall. This condition can occur due to various reasons such as trauma, lung disease, or certain medical procedures. It can cause symptoms like chest pain, difficulty breathing, and low oxygen levels, and it may require urgent treatment, including chest tube drainage and surgery in severe cases.

Bell palsy is a peripheral facial nerve palsy, which means that it is a weakness or paralysis of the facial nerves (cranial nerve VII) that causes sudden asymmetric weakness on one side of the face. The symptoms can vary from mild to severe and may include:

* Sudden weakness or paralysis on one side of the face
* Drooping of the mouth, causing difficulty with smiling, eating, drinking, or speaking
* Inability to close one eye
* Dryness of the eye and mouth
* Changes in taste sensation
* Discomfort around the jaw and behind the ear
* Headache
* Increased sensitivity to sound

The exact cause of Bell palsy is not known, but it is believed to be related to inflammation or swelling of the facial nerve. It may also be associated with viral infections such as herpes simplex virus or HIV. In most cases, Bell palsy resolves on its own within a few weeks to months, although some people may experience residual symptoms such as facial weakness or asymmetry. Treatment typically involves corticosteroids and antiviral medications, which can help reduce inflammation and speed up recovery.

Fetal diseases are medical conditions or abnormalities that affect a fetus during pregnancy. These diseases can be caused by genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both. They can range from mild to severe and may impact various organ systems in the developing fetus. Examples of fetal diseases include congenital heart defects, neural tube defects, chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome, and infectious diseases such as toxoplasmosis or rubella. Fetal diseases can be diagnosed through prenatal testing, including ultrasound, amniocentesis, and chorionic villus sampling. Treatment options may include medication, surgery, or delivery of the fetus, depending on the nature and severity of the disease.

Muscle hypotonia, also known as decreased muscle tone, refers to a condition where the muscles appear to be flaccid or lacking in tension and stiffness. This results in reduced resistance to passive movements, making the limbs feel "floppy" or "like a rag doll." It can affect any muscle group in the body and can be caused by various medical conditions, including neurological disorders, genetic diseases, and injuries to the nervous system. Hypotonia should not be confused with muscle weakness, which refers to the inability to generate normal muscle strength.

Prenatal ultrasonography, also known as obstetric ultrasound, is a medical diagnostic procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the developing fetus, placenta, and amniotic fluid inside the uterus. It is a non-invasive and painless test that is widely used during pregnancy to monitor the growth and development of the fetus, detect any potential abnormalities or complications, and determine the due date.

During the procedure, a transducer (a small handheld device) is placed on the mother's abdomen and moved around to capture images from different angles. The sound waves travel through the mother's body and bounce back off the fetus, producing echoes that are then converted into electrical signals and displayed as images on a screen.

Prenatal ultrasonography can be performed at various stages of pregnancy, including early pregnancy to confirm the pregnancy and detect the number of fetuses, mid-pregnancy to assess the growth and development of the fetus, and late pregnancy to evaluate the position of the fetus and determine if it is head down or breech. It can also be used to guide invasive procedures such as amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling.

Overall, prenatal ultrasonography is a valuable tool in modern obstetrics that helps ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus.

A pneumonectomy is a surgical procedure in which an entire lung is removed. This type of surgery is typically performed as a treatment for certain types of lung cancer, although it may also be used to treat other conditions such as severe damage or infection in the lung that does not respond to other treatments. The surgery requires general anesthesia and can be quite complex, with potential risks including bleeding, infection, pneumonia, and air leaks. Recovery from a pneumonectomy can take several weeks, and patients may require ongoing rehabilitation to regain strength and mobility.

Prenatal diagnosis is the medical testing of fetuses, embryos, or pregnant women to detect the presence or absence of certain genetic disorders or birth defects. These tests can be performed through various methods such as chorionic villus sampling (CVS), amniocentesis, or ultrasound. The goal of prenatal diagnosis is to provide early information about the health of the fetus so that parents and healthcare providers can make informed decisions about pregnancy management and newborn care. It allows for early intervention, treatment, or planning for the child's needs after birth.

Thoracotomy is a surgical procedure that involves making an incision on the chest wall to gain access to the thoracic cavity, which contains the lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, and other vital organs. The incision can be made on the side (lateral thoracotomy), back (posterolateral thoracotomy), or front (median sternotomy) of the chest wall, depending on the specific surgical indication.

Thoracotomy is performed for various indications, including lung biopsy, lung resection, esophagectomy, heart surgery, and mediastinal mass removal. The procedure allows the surgeon to directly visualize and access the organs within the thoracic cavity, perform necessary procedures, and control bleeding if needed.

After the procedure, the incision is typically closed with sutures or staples, and a chest tube may be placed to drain any accumulated fluid or air from the pleural space around the lungs. The patient will require postoperative care and monitoring in a hospital setting until their condition stabilizes.

Pregnancy is a physiological state or condition where a fertilized egg (zygote) successfully implants and grows in the uterus of a woman, leading to the development of an embryo and finally a fetus. This process typically spans approximately 40 weeks, divided into three trimesters, and culminates in childbirth. Throughout this period, numerous hormonal and physical changes occur to support the growing offspring, including uterine enlargement, breast development, and various maternal adaptations to ensure the fetus's optimal growth and well-being.

Pregnancy outcome refers to the final result or status of a pregnancy, including both the health of the mother and the newborn baby. It can be categorized into various types such as:

1. Live birth: The delivery of one or more babies who show signs of life after separation from their mother.
2. Stillbirth: The delivery of a baby who has died in the womb after 20 weeks of pregnancy.
3. Miscarriage: The spontaneous loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week.
4. Abortion: The intentional termination of a pregnancy before the fetus can survive outside the uterus.
5. Ectopic pregnancy: A pregnancy that develops outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube, which is not viable and requires medical attention.
6. Preterm birth: The delivery of a baby before 37 weeks of gestation, which can lead to various health issues for the newborn.
7. Full-term birth: The delivery of a baby between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation.
8. Post-term pregnancy: The delivery of a baby after 42 weeks of gestation, which may increase the risk of complications for both mother and baby.

The pregnancy outcome is influenced by various factors such as maternal age, health status, lifestyle habits, genetic factors, and access to quality prenatal care.

A cyst is a closed sac, having a distinct membrane and division between the sac and its surrounding tissue, that contains fluid, air, or semisolid material. Cysts can occur in various parts of the body, including the skin, internal organs, and bones. They can be caused by various factors, such as infection, genetic predisposition, or blockage of a duct or gland. Some cysts may cause symptoms, such as pain or discomfort, while others may not cause any symptoms at all. Treatment for cysts depends on the type and location of the cyst, as well as whether it is causing any problems. Some cysts may go away on their own, while others may need to be drained or removed through a surgical procedure.

X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging method that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of the body. These cross-sectional images can then be used to display detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body.

The term "computed tomography" is used instead of "CT scan" or "CAT scan" because the machines take a series of X-ray measurements from different angles around the body and then use a computer to process these data to create detailed images of internal structures within the body.

CT scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT imaging provides detailed information about many types of tissue including lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT examinations can be performed on every part of the body for a variety of reasons including diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses.

In computed tomography (CT), an X-ray source and detector rotate around the patient, measuring the X-ray attenuation at many different angles. A computer uses this data to construct a cross-sectional image by the process of reconstruction. This technique is called "tomography". The term "computed" refers to the use of a computer to reconstruct the images.

CT has become an important tool in medical imaging and diagnosis, allowing radiologists and other physicians to view detailed internal images of the body. It can help identify many different medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, lung nodules, liver tumors, and internal injuries from trauma. CT is also commonly used for guiding biopsies and other minimally invasive procedures.

In summary, X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body, allowing physicians to diagnose and treat medical conditions.

A newborn infant is a baby who is within the first 28 days of life. This period is also referred to as the neonatal period. Newborns require specialized care and attention due to their immature bodily systems and increased vulnerability to various health issues. They are closely monitored for signs of well-being, growth, and development during this critical time.

Odontogenic tumors are a group of neoplasms that originate from the dental tissues or their remnants, including the odontogenic epithelium, ectomesenchyme, and/or their derivatives. These tumors can be benign or malignant and may affect the jaw bones and surrounding structures. They can cause various symptoms, such as swelling, pain, loosening of teeth, and altered bite. The classification of odontogenic tumors includes a wide range of entities with different biological behaviors, clinical features, and treatment approaches. Accurate diagnosis is essential for proper management and prognosis.

A lung is a pair of spongy, elastic organs in the chest that work together to enable breathing. They are responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide through the process of respiration. The left lung has two lobes, while the right lung has three lobes. The lungs are protected by the ribcage and are covered by a double-layered membrane called the pleura. The trachea divides into two bronchi, which further divide into smaller bronchioles, leading to millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli, where the exchange of gases occurs.

A bronchogenic cyst is a type of congenital cyst that develops from abnormal budding or development of the bronchial tree during fetal growth. These cysts are typically filled with mucus or fluid and can be found in the mediastinum (the area between the lungs) or within the lung tissue itself.

Bronchogenic cysts are usually asymptomatic, but they can cause symptoms if they become infected, rupture, or compress nearby structures such as airways or blood vessels. Symptoms may include cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing, and recurrent respiratory infections.

Diagnosis of bronchogenic cysts is typically made through imaging tests such as chest X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans. Treatment usually involves surgical removal of the cyst to prevent complications.

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are abnormal tangles of blood vessels that directly connect arteries and veins, bypassing the capillary system. This results in a high-flow and high-pressure circulation in the affected area. AVMs can occur anywhere in the body but are most common in the brain and spine. They can vary in size and may cause symptoms such as headaches, seizures, or bleeding in the brain. In some cases, AVMs may not cause any symptoms and may only be discovered during imaging tests for other conditions. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, or embolization to reduce the flow of blood through the malformation and prevent complications.

"Prenatal management of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung". Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 28 (1): 36-41. ...
These include congenital diaphragmatic hernia, congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, fetal hydronephrosis, caudal ... Thibeault DW, Haney B (February 1998). "Lung volume, pulmonary vasculature, and factors affecting survival in congenital ... An example is congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation with hydrops; impending heart failure may require a preterm delivery. ... "Percutaneous laser ablation of fetal congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation: too little, too late?". Fetal Diagnosis and ...
... formerly known as congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM), is a congenital disorder of the lung similar to ... termed cystic adenomatoid malformation volume ratio (CVR) has been developed to predict the risk of hydrops. The lung mass ... "Prenatal steroids for microcystic congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations". J Pediatr Surg. 45 (1): 145-50. doi:10.1016/j. ... "Effect of maternal betamethasone administration on prenatal congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation growth and fetal ...
... congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, mouth or neck tumor such as teratoma, and lung or pleural tumor such as ... tracheal occlusion is used to obstruct the normal flow of fetal lung fluid and to stimulate lung expansion and growth. With the ... Causes of airway compression in newborn babies result from a number of rare congenital disorders, including bronchopulmonary ... Adzick NS (September 2003). "Management of fetal lung lesions". Clin Perinatol. 30 (3): 481-92. doi:10.1016/S0095-5108(03)00047 ...
... cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung, congenital MeSH C16.131.740.501 - kartagener syndrome MeSH C16.131.740.815 - scimitar ... central nervous system vascular malformations MeSH C16.131.240.400 - heart defects, congenital MeSH C16.131.240.400.090 - ... congenital MeSH C16.131.621.551 - Klippel-Feil syndrome MeSH C16.131.621.585 - limb deformities, congenital MeSH C16.131. ... congenital MeSH C16.320.070.100 - anemia, hemolytic, congenital nonspherocytic MeSH C16.320.070.150 - anemia, sickle cell MeSH ...
... and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) tissue. Homeobox GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000120075 - Ensembl, ... Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. 282 (3): L359-69. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00400.2000. PMID 11839528. S2CID 88376626. Kosaki ... The encoded protein functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor that is involved in lung and gut development. ... Archavachotikul K, Ciccone TJ, Chinoy MR, Nielsen HC, Volpe MV (Mar 2002). "Thyroid hormone affects embryonic mouse lung ...
Pulmonary hamartoma Congenital malformations such as pulmonary sequestration and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation ( ... cell lung cancer Non-small cell lung cancer Adenocarcinoma of the lung Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung Large cell lung ... "Lung diseases". MeSH.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 14 August 2019. Sengupta N, Sahidullah M, Saha G (August 2016). "Lung sound ... Restrictive lung diseases are a category of respiratory disease characterized by a loss of lung compliance, causing incomplete ...
Associated anomalies include Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, vertebral anomalies, ... 2006). "Perinatal management of congenital cystic lung lesions in the age of minimally invasive surgery". J Pediatr Surg. 41 (5 ... is a rare congenital malformation of the lower respiratory tract. It consists of a nonfunctioning mass of normal lung tissue ... Ferguson (1983). "Congenital lesion of the lungs and emphysema". Gibbons surgery of the Chest (4th ? ed.). WB Saunders. pp. 668 ...
Cytomegalovirus in mother Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (formerly called congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation ... The build up of fluid in the lungs increases the pressure in the lungs leading to vasoconstriction. The coupled ... Non-immune hydrops can also be unrelated to anemia, for example if a fetal tumor or congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation ... 2004). "Thoracoamniotic shunts: fetal treatment of pleural effusions and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations". Fetal ...
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation Congenital cystic eye multiple ocular and intracranial anomalies Congenital ... anemia Cystic fibrosis Cystic hamartoma of lung and kidney Cystic hygroma lethal cleft palate Cystic hygroma Cystic medial ... Congenital microvillous atrophy Congenital mitral malformation Congenital mitral stenosis Congenital mixovirus Congenital mumps ... Congenital g Congenital cardiovascular disorder Congenital cardiovascular malformations Congenital cardiovascular shunt ...
Type-I cystic adenomatoid malformation (CAM) has recently been identified as a precursor lesion for the development of mucinous ... June 2010). "Pulmonary congenital cystic disease in adults. Spiral computed tomography findings with pathologic correlation and ... Mucinous BAC Non-mucinous BAC Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia of the lung Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma of the lung ... Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma associated with congenital pulmonary airway malformation in an asymptomatic adolescent]". Rev Port ...
Adenocarcinoma of esophagus Adenocarcinoma of lung Adenoid cystic carcinoma Adenoma Adenoma of the adrenal gland Adenomatoid ... congenital Adrenal hypertension Adrenal hypoplasia Adrenal hypoplasia congenital, X-linked Adrenal incidentaloma Adrenal ... familial Arsenic poisoning Arterial calcification of infancy Arterial dysplasia Arterial tortuosity Arteriovenous malformation ... congenital Antisocial personality disorder Antisynthetase syndrome Antithrombin deficiency, congenital Antley-Bixler syndrome ...
Airway, pleural-space, and chest-wall malformations are considered elsewhere. ... Congenital lung malformations considered in this article are those occurring in the lung below the carina. ... Congenital Lung Malformations. The image is an initial radiograph in a patient with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation ... Congenital Lung Malformations. The image is an initial radiograph in a patient with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation ...
"Prenatal management of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung". Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 28 (1): 36-41. ...
A congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation is a benign mass of abnormal lung tissue usually located on one lobe of the lung. ... What causes a congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation?. A CCAM is caused by overgrowth of abnormal lung tissue that may form ... A congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) is a benign (non-cancerous) mass of abnormal lung tissue usually located on ... Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation , Diagnosis & Treatments. Can a CCAM be diagnosed before birth?. Yes, a CCAM can ...
Two unrelated patients had congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations in their lungs. Six of ten probands with PAX2 mutation ... We sequenced PAX2 in 457 patients with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract or with renal dysfunction of ...
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung. *. Cystic fibrosis (16). *. Drugs: respiratory system (8) ...
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung. *. Cystic fibrosis (16). *. Drugs: respiratory system (8) ...
A congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation may lead to lung hypoplasia, but PPHN is not a common finding in this condition. [ ... Persistent pulmonary hypertension complicating cystic adenomatoid malformation in neonates. J Pediatr Surg. 1992 Jan. 27(1):54- ... Appropriate lung recruitment and expansion are essential to achieve the best response. If a newborn has severe parenchymal lung ... High-frequency ventilation: Used in newborns with underlying parenchymal lung disease and low lung volumes; therapy is best in ...
... including congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAM, formerly called CCAM) and bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS), are ... In the past, these malformations have been classified into two main types. One is called a congenital cystic adenomatoid ... Lung Malformations. Lung malformations, including congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAM, formerly called CCAM) and ... A lung malformation is a mass of disorganized lung tissue that forms as the lungs of the fetus develop in the womb. The mass, ...
Pathomechanisms of Congenital Cystic Lung Diseases: Focus on Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation and Pleuropulmonary ... Lung development requires an active ERK/MAPK pathway in the lung mesenchyme., Jeannotte L, Jean Charron, Nadeau V, Houde N, ... Lung cancer susceptibility genetic variants modulate HOXB2 expression in the lung., Bossé Y, Jeannotte L, Wim Timens, Obeidat M ... Respiratory adaptations to lung morphological defects in adult mice lacking Hoxa5 gene function., Jeannotte L, Mandeville I, ...
Fetal laryngoscopy and lung biopsy in a case of bilateral lethal congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung. Fetal ... diagnostic and therapeutic utility in a case with congenital microcystic adenomatoid malformation. Fetal Diagn Ther 2013, ... Congenital neck masses are associated with high perinatal mortality and morbidity secondary to airway obstruction due to a mass ... Bilgin F, Cekmen N, Ugur Y, Kurt E, Gungor S, Atabek C: Congenital cervical teratoma: anaesthetic management (the EXIT ...
congenital lobar emphysema. cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung. congenital pulmonary atresia ...
It is a condition characterized by a reduction in the number of lung cells, airways, and alveoli that results in a lower organ ... Pulmonary hypoplasia or aplasia is part of the spectrum of malformations characterized by incomplete development of lung tissue ... ratio for predicting short outcome in isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia and cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung ... Cystic adenomatoid malformations are induced by localized FGF10 overexpression in fetal rat lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. ...
O Congenital curved nail of fourth toe,O Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung,O Congenital defect of the ... O Cystic hygroma,O Cystic lesions of the pinnae,O Cystic liver disease,O Cystic lung disease,O Cystic medial necrosis,O Cystic ... O Congenital malformation of the great arteries,O Congenital malformation of the left heart,O Congenital malformation of the ... O Congenital goiter,O Congenital hemolytic anemia,O Congenital hepatic fibrosis,O Congenital hip dislocation,O Congenital ...
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) is a hamartomatous lesion of the lung. During the first 6-8 weeks of ... Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung: Classification and morphologic spectrum. Hum Pathol 1977; 8: 155-71. ... A series of 17 cases of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung: Management and outcome. Eur J Pediatr Surg 1997 ... Late-onset congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung: Embryology, clinical symptomatology, diagnostic procedures, ...
Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformations, a translational study: a key to understand lung development in 2015? ... Lung microbiota signatures in the light of frailty in lung transplant recipients: bacteria-virus-host interactions from bench ... Unravelling protective signalling pathways in acute lung injury using a novel lung-on-chip technology ... Effects of air pollution on lung function and lung growth in Swiss children ...
Airway, pleural-space, and chest-wall malformations are considered elsewhere. ... Congenital lung malformations considered in this article are those occurring in the lung below the carina. ... Cystic adenomatoid malformation accounts for 25% of all congenital lung malformations. Respiratory distress occurs in the ... Cystic adenomatoid malformation. Cystic adenomatoid malformation is a defect in the development of the terminal bronchioles. A ...
Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung 100% * Echocardiography 10% * Fetofetal Transfusion 91% ... Impact of altered loading conditions on ventricular performance in fetuses with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation and ... Impact of altered loading conditions on ventricular performance in fetuses with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation and ...
Cystic adenomatoid malformation (CAM). *. -Overgrowth of terminal bronchiolar structures lined by respiratory epithelium with ... Cystic Disease of Lungs, Congenital. In: Doherty GM. Doherty G.M.(Ed.),Ed. Gerard M. Doherty.eds. Quick Answers Surgery. McGraw ... "Cystic Disease of Lungs, Congenital." Quick Answers Surgery Doherty GM. Doherty G.M.(Ed.),Ed. Gerard M. Doherty. McGraw Hill, ... Cystic disease of lungs, congenital. Doherty GM. Doherty G.M.(Ed.),Ed. Gerard M. Doherty. (2010). Quick Answers Surgery. McGraw ...
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) of the lung. *Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) ...
Book an appointment for respiratory disorder treatments in Mumbai by the best laparoscopic surgeon Dr.Sinha to get rid of lung ... Congenital lung disorders are infections that affect the lungs and cause breathing problems while a baby is still in its ... Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations (CCAMs). * Lobar emphysema. * Pulmonary sequestrations. Symptoms of Congenital ... Diagnosis of Congenital Pulmonary Abnormalities. Almost all the congenital lung disorders show up on regular prenatal ...
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, in which airways are malformed *Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, in which there is ... Gastrointestinal obstructions and malformations. *Bronchopulmonary sequestration, in which a piece of lung tissue develops ... If the bladder becomes enlarged, the amount of amnionic fluid decreases, which can cause underdeveloped lungs, facial and ...
Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid malfor-mation consists of hamartomatosis or Dysplastic lung tissue mixed with more normal lung, ... Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung masquerading as pneumothorax. p. 116. ... This congenital pulmonary disorder occurs in 1:25,000-1:35,000 births. These lesions arise from excessive disorganised ... When diffuse, the patients often have additional signs and symptoms of generalized airway obstruction, reduced lung function ...
Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung Medicine & Life Sciences 16% * Fibrosis Medicine & Life Sciences 15% ... congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, and tuberculous pleuritis with inactive interstitial fibrosis and honeycombing. ... congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, and tuberculous pleuritis with inactive interstitial fibrosis and honeycombing. ... congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, and tuberculous pleuritis with inactive interstitial fibrosis and honeycombing. ...
Antenatal management of pulmonary hyperplasia (congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation). Ankers, D; Sajjad, N; Green, P; ... Her anomaly scan at 20 weeks showed significant fetal abdominal ascites and an enlarged echo bright right lung with cardiac ... These findings were consistent with recognised type III congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM). An induction of ...
... two congenital lobar emphysema, one pulmonary sequestration, and one cystic adenomatoid malformation. Respiratory distress was ... Congenital malformations of the lung are rare and vary widely in their presentation and severity. However, frequently they ... Five patients with congenital lung malformations were treated in Karadeniz Technical University Farabi Medical School Pediatric ... In this article, diagnosis and treatment of congenital lung malformations are discussed. ...
M Entezami, G Halis, J Waldschmidt, F Opri, S Runkel: Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung and fetal hydrops ... triiodthyronine and dimethyl-isopropyl-thyronine on lung maturation of the fetal rat lung. J Pehnat Med 1999; 27: 309-315 ... Influence of DIMIT, Dexamethasone and its combination on the Regulation of SP-A mRNA in fetal rat lung. 14th European Congress ... Dexamethasone and its combination on the Regulation of SP-A mRNA in fetal rat lung. Steglitzer geburtshilflich- ...
Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital * beta-Lactam Resistance * Enterobacter cloacae * Respiratory System ...
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung. *. Cystic fibrosis. *. Drugs: respiratory system. *. Fungal lung diseases ...
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung. *. Cystic fibrosis. *. Drugs: respiratory system. *. Fungal lung diseases ...
  • Fetal surgery has been advocated for cystic adenomatoid malformation with hydrops, although it has been abandoned for congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) . (medscape.com)
  • Logan JW, Rice HE, Goldberg RN, Cotten CM. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a systematic review and summary of best-evidence practice strategies. (medscape.com)
  • VEGF receptor expression decreases during lung development in congenital diaphragmatic hernia induced by nitrofen. (medscape.com)
  • Impaired mesenchymal cell function in Gata4 mutant mice leads to diaphragmatic hernias and primary lung defects. (medscape.com)
  • Kutasy B, Friemacher F, Duess JW, Puri P. Prenatal administration of retinoic acid increases the trophoblastic insulin-like-growth factor 2 protein expression in the nitrofen model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. (medscape.com)
  • For the past 18 years Dr. Harrison has studied the pathophysiology and natural history of a number of life-threatening fetal abnormalities including congenital diaphragmatic hernia, congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung, sacrococcygeal teratoma, fetal obstructive uropathy, and myelomeningocele. (ucsf.edu)
  • Other advanced intrathoracic procedures include decortication for empyema, ligation of patent ductus arteriosus, division of vascular rings, repair of congenital diaphragmatic defects, esophageal myotomy for achalasia, thoracic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis, anterior spinal fusion for severe scoliosis, and repair of esophageal atresia with or without tracheoesophageal fistula. (abdominalkey.com)
  • Dr Crombleholme's clinical interests include open and fetoscopic surgery with a focus on congenital diaphragmatic hernia, myelomeningocele, twin-twin transfusion syndrome, and congenital pulmonary airway malformations among many others. (connecticutchildrens.org)
  • Impact of objective echocardiographic criteria for timing of congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair. (connecticutchildrens.org)
  • These fetuses had such problems as a huge congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung, lower urinary tract obstruction , congenital diaphragmatic hernia , very large sacrococcygeal teratoma, twin/twin transfusion syndrome, and so forth. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, this article discusses bronchogenic cyst, pulmonary agenesis and hypoplasia, polyalveolar lobe, alveolocapillary dysplasia, sequestration including arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and scimitar syndrome, pulmonary lymphangiectasis, congenital lobar emphysema (CLE), and cystic adenomatoid malformation (CAM) and other lung cysts. (medscape.com)
  • Gross and Lewis successfully treated a patient with congenital lobar emphysema with lobectomy in 1943. (medscape.com)
  • There are also bronchogenic cysts, bronchial atresia, and congenital lobar emphysema. (mottchildren.org)
  • one pulmonary agenesis, two congenital lobar emphysema, one pulmonary sequestration, and one cystic adenomatoid malformation. (bezmialem.edu.tr)
  • Indications for resection are wide ranging and include infection, cavitary lesions, bullous disease, bronchopulmonary sequestrations (BPSs), congenital lobar emphysema (CLE), cystic pulmonary adenomatoid malformations (CPAMs), and neoplasms. (abdominalkey.com)
  • A congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) is a benign (non-cancerous) mass of abnormal lung tissue usually located on one lobe (section) of the lung. (childrenshospital.org)
  • A CCAM is caused by overgrowth of abnormal lung tissue that may form fluid-filled cysts. (childrenshospital.org)
  • Lung malformations, including congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAM, formerly called CCAM) and bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS), are uncommon disorders that can cause a wide range of problems, including breathing difficulties, recurrent infection, and more rarely, cancer. (mottchildren.org)
  • One is called a congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation or CCAM. (mottchildren.org)
  • These findings were consistent with recognised type III congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM). (bvsalud.org)
  • Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM), formerly known as congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM), is a congenital disorder of the lung similar to bronchopulmonary sequestration. (icd.codes)
  • Salerno M, Sessa F, Cocimano G, Roccuzzo S, Esposito M, Pomara C. Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) type II: A rare case of sudden infant death. (jneonatalsurg.com)
  • Airway, pleural-space, and chest-wall malformations are considered elsewhere. (medscape.com)
  • More recently, CCAMs are also referred to by another name, CPAM, which stands for congenital pulmonary airway malformation. (mottchildren.org)
  • Congenital neck masses are associated with high perinatal mortality and morbidity secondary to airway obstruction due to a mass effect of the tumor with subsequent neonatal asphyxia and/or neonatal death. (karger.com)
  • The extrauterine intrapartum (EXIT) procedure involves delivery of the baby in which the umbilical circulation is left intact if the baby has a congenital high airway obstruction. (medscape.com)
  • Background: Horseshoe lung is a rare congenital malformation, and even rarer is its association with congenital pulmonary airway malformations. (jneonatalsurg.com)
  • Case Presentation: We report a case of horseshoe lung associated with congenital pulmonary airway malformation (Stocker type 2) who underwent surgical management in two stages. (jneonatalsurg.com)
  • The management of asymptomatic congenital pulmonary airway malformation: Results of a European Delphi survey. (jneonatalsurg.com)
  • Treatment of congenital pulmonary airway malformations: A systematic review from the APSA outcomes and Evidence-Based Practice Committee. (jneonatalsurg.com)
  • Current management of congenital pulmonary airway malformations: A ?European Pediatric Surgeons' Association? (jneonatalsurg.com)
  • Polit-Guerrero V, Andrade-Montesdeoca J, Fabre-Parrales E, Salinas-Salinas V, Acosta-Farina D. Two-stage surgical management of horseshoe lung associated with congenital pulmonary airway malformation in a neonate: A case report. (jneonatalsurg.com)
  • Congenital lung malformations represent 5-18.7% of all congenital anomalies. (medscape.com)
  • Horseshoe lung with multiple congenital anomalies. (jneonatalsurg.com)
  • Histologically, 74 patients had focal irregular emphysema, 26 had distal acinar emphysema, six had mixed emphysema, four had isolated bullae or blebs, two had mesothelioma, and one each had the following: metastatic angiosarcoma, subpleural fibrosis, congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, and tuberculous pleuritis with inactive interstitial fibrosis and honeycombing. (elsevierpure.com)
  • [ 2 ] Most thoracic surgical procedures, such as resection of masses (eg, neurogenic tumors, bronchogenic cysts) and pulmonary lobectomy, are now accomplished with minimally invasive surgery, although the benefits of this approach for cystic adenomatoid malformations are unclear. (medscape.com)
  • The cysts prevent the tissue from functioning as normal lung tissue. (childrenshospital.org)
  • Congenital Pulmonary Abnormalities are the lung disorders that occur while a baby is still in its mother's womb. (laparoscopicsolutions.in)
  • Huang L, Touray S, Akalin A, Ahmad S. A 54-Year-Old Man Presenting With Progressive Dyspnea and Interstitial Lung Abnormalities. (umassmed.edu)
  • Some of these topics are covered in greater detail in other Medscape Drugs and Diseases articles (see Laryngomalacia , Pediatric Tracheomalacia , Pediatric Pulmonary Hypoplasia , Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation , and Pediatric Bronchogenic Cyst ). (medscape.com)
  • Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dependent cytoskeletal tension during lung organogenesis. (medscape.com)
  • Contribution of Fetal, but Not Adult, Pulmonary Mesothelium to Mesenchymal Lineages in Lung Homeostasis and Fibrosis. (umassmed.edu)
  • More than 90 percent of babies with prenatally diagnosed lung lesions will not have any fetal problems. (mottchildren.org)
  • Crombleholme TM , Coleman B, Hedrick H, Liechty K, Howell L, Flake AW, Johnson M, Adzick NS: Cystic adenomatoid malformation volume ratio predicts outcome in prenatally diagnosed cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung. (connecticutchildrens.org)
  • A choledochal cyst is a congenital anomaly of the duct that transports bile from the liver to the gall bladder and small intestine. (childrenshospital.org)
  • The diagnosis is confirmed regardless of the pulmonary arterial pressure, as long as it is accompanied by a right-to-left shunt and absence of congenital heart disease. (medscape.com)
  • In this article, diagnosis and treatment of congenital lung malformations are discussed. (bezmialem.edu.tr)
  • Q34.8 is a billable ICD code used to specify a diagnosis of other specified congenital malformations of respiratory system. (icd.codes)
  • The mass appeared to be tumorous lung tissue, but the evidence did not rule out a herniated diaphragm as a possible diagnosis. (maulis.com)
  • Gonen K, Canitez Y, Bostan O, Yazici Z. Horseshoe lung associated with Scimitar syndrome. (jneonatalsurg.com)
  • Duc NM, My TT, Huong TQ, Bang MT. Two rare cases of horseshoe lung with scimitar syndrome in Vietnam. (jneonatalsurg.com)
  • The fetal lung 2: Pulmonary hypoplasia. (medscape.com)
  • Effects of antioxidant vitamins on molecular regulators involved in lung hypoplasia induced by nitrofen. (medscape.com)
  • The other type of lung lesion is called a bronchopulmonary sequestration, or BPS. (mottchildren.org)
  • In CPAM, usually an entire lobe of lung is replaced by a non-working cystic piece of abnormal lung tissue. (icd.codes)
  • It is generally found in the mediastinum or lung and is usually asymptomatic unless it becomes infected. (wakehealth.edu)
  • We offer the full range of clinical services, including ECMO support and multidisciplinary post-operative caser for the sickest babies with large malformations requiring neonatal surgery. (mottchildren.org)
  • Open spina bifida, or myelomeningocele , is a congenital neural tube defect caused by primary failure of neural tube closure during the embryologic period. (medscape.com)
  • Our pediatric surgeons and maternal fetal medicine specialists are recognized nationally for their expertise and excellent outcomes in managing prenatal lung lesions (greater than 98% survival). (mottchildren.org)
  • Almost all the congenital lung disorders show up on regular prenatal ultrasounds. (laparoscopicsolutions.in)
  • A cloacal anomaly is an anorectal malformation that occurs while a female fetus is developing in its mother's womb. (childrenshospital.org)
  • Five patients with congenital lung malformations were treated in Karadeniz Technical University Farabi Medical School Pediatric Surgery Department between June 1992 and January 1997. (bezmialem.edu.tr)
  • The fetus' heart may be shifted to the opposite side of her chest, and her normal lung tissue may be difficult to see on the side where the mass is located. (childrenshospital.org)
  • A lung malformation is a mass of disorganized lung tissue that forms as the lungs of the fetus develop in the womb. (mottchildren.org)
  • TTF-1 phosphorylation is required for peripheral lung morphogenesis, perinatal survival, and tissue-specific gene expression. (medscape.com)
  • This abnormal tissue will never function as normal lung tissue. (icd.codes)
  • Fetal lung lesions occur in an estimated 1 in 15,000 live births. (medscape.com)
  • We offer the full range of treatments for lung lesions, including fetal intervention. (mottchildren.org)
  • Babies with lung lesions usually have normal chromosomes. (mottchildren.org)
  • In these reports, equipment modified for pediatric patients was used to perform lung biopsies, evaluate various intrathoracic lesions, and perform limited pleural debridement in patients with empyema. (abdominalkey.com)
  • It allows excellent access and visualization for biopsy and resection of mediastinal conditions such as enlarged lymph nodes, thymic and thyroid lesions, cystic hygromas, foregut duplications, ganglioneuromas, and neuroblastomas. (abdominalkey.com)
  • As intraoperative ultrasound improves, this modality may provide a more sensitive way for the surgeon to detect lesions deep to the surface of the lung and compensate for the lack of tactile sensation. (abdominalkey.com)
  • A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. (umassmed.edu)
  • A thin-cut, high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scan is helpful in evaluating patients with interstitial lung disease or presumed infectious conditions. (abdominalkey.com)
  • Early 20th century thoracic surgery consisted of mainly thoracoplasty to collapse a tuberculoid lung or to drain an empyema. (medscape.com)
  • Sometimes when the mass is solid - and even sometimes when it is cystic - it will need to be removed during open fetal surgery . (childrenshospital.org)
  • Dr. Harrison and his surgery associates confine their surgical practice exclusively to children with special interest in fetal surgery, in repair of complex birth defects involving the chest, lung, abdomen, bowel, and bladder, and surgical care of children from birth through adolescence. (ucsf.edu)
  • Features a helpful introductory chapter on congenital heart disease. (konstadaras.gr)
  • Role of sonic hedgehog in patterning of tracheal-bronchial cartilage and the peripheral lung. (medscape.com)
  • Although they secrete the amniotic fluid, the lungs are unnecessary as organs of respiration in fetal life. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, asymmetry of lung buds (three main bronchi on the right, two on the left) is apparent in the embryonic phase. (medscape.com)
  • Control of basement membrane remodeling and epithelial branching morphogenesis in embryonic lung by Rho and cytoskeletal tension. (medscape.com)
  • Surgery for congenital lung malformation was made possible relatively recently. (medscape.com)
  • For babies requiring lesion removal after birth, we are one of the few comprehensive programs in the country where lung surgery is performed routinely using minimally invasive surgical techniques that result in small scars, faster recovery, and fewer long-term complications. (mottchildren.org)
  • Carcinoid tumors are a type of neuroendocrine tumor that can develop in the appendix, gastrointestinal tract, or lungs. (childrenshospital.org)
  • Nonpulmonary treatments for pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: proceedings from the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference. (jefferson.edu)
  • For many cases, CO 2 insufflation is all that is required to gain adequate lung collapse and create enough space and visualization for the procedure to be completed successfully. (abdominalkey.com)
  • However, in certain procedures, such as lobectomy, it is very helpful to have single-lung ventilation, and it can make a great deal of difference in the success or the difficulty of the procedure. (abdominalkey.com)
  • Conclusion: The treatment of horseshoe lung should be individualized, surgical management is an effective option and the two-stage approach in neonates would reduce the risk of the simultaneous bilateral procedure. (jneonatalsurg.com)
  • Her anomaly scan at 20 weeks showed significant fetal abdominal ascites and an enlarged echo bright right lung with cardiac displacement. (bvsalud.org)
  • Maeda Y, Dave V, Whitsett J. Transcriptional control of lung morphogenesis. (medscape.com)