Deltaretrovirus Infections
Deltaretrovirus Antigens
Deltaretrovirus Antibodies
Deltaretrovirus
A genus in the family RETROVIRIDAE consisting of exogenous horizontally-transmitted viruses found in a few groups of mammals. Infections caused by these viruses include human B- or adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (LEUKEMIA-LYMPHOMA, T-CELL, ACUTE, HTLV-I-ASSOCIATED), and bovine leukemia (ENZOOTIC BOVINE LEUKOSIS). The type species is LEUKEMIA VIRUS, BOVINE.
T-cell lymphoma in a savanna monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) probably related to simian T-cell leukemia virus infection. (1/159)
Lymphoma was seen in an 11-year-old female savanna monkey (Ceropithecus aethiops). The superficial inguinal and visceral lymph nodes were markedly enlarged, and their architecture was completely effaced by neoplastic cells. The neoplastic cells, which were highly pleomorphic, resembled those in adult T-cell lymphoma-leukemia in humans. Ultrastructurally the neoplastic cells were characterized by nuclear irregularity and clustered dense bodies, and almost all cells showed positivity for CD3. The animal had been reared with her family, and her mother and 2 brothers had antibodies reactive to human T-cell leukemia virus. This virus serologically cross-reacts with simian T-cell leukemia virus, which may be the causative agent of the present neoplasm. (+info)Genomic evolution, patterns of global dissemination, and interspecies transmission of human and simian T-cell leukemia/lymphotropic viruses. (2/159)
Using both env and long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences, with maximal representation of genetic diversity within primate strains, we revise and expand the unique evolutionary history of human and simian T-cell leukemia/lymphotropic viruses (HTLV/STLV). Based on the robust application of three different phylogenetic algorithms of minimum evolution-neighbor joining, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood, we address overall levels of genetic diversity, specific rates of mutation within and between different regions of the viral genome, relatedness among viral strains from geographically diverse regions, and estimation of the pattern of divergence of the virus into extant lineages. Despite broad genomic similarities, type I and type II viruses do not share concordant evolutionary histories. HTLV-I/STLV-I are united through distinct phylogeographic patterns, infection of 20 primate species, multiple episodes of interspecies transmission, and exhibition of a range in levels of genetic divergence. In contrast, type II viruses are isolated from only two species (Homo sapiens and Pan paniscus) and are paradoxically endemic to both Amerindian tribes of the New World and human Pygmy villagers in Africa. Furthermore, HTLV-II is spreading rapidly through new host populations of intravenous drug users. Despite such clearly disparate host populations, the resultant HTLV-II/STLV-II phylogeny exhibits little phylogeographic concordance and indicates low levels of transcontinental genetic differentiation. Together, these patterns generate a model of HTLV/STLV emergence marked by an ancient ancestry, differential rates of divergence, and continued global expansion. (+info)Prevalence of serum antibodies against bloodborne and sexually transmitted agents in selected groups in Somalia. (3/159)
Somalia has suffered from a civil war during the last 10 years. In this period the use of whole blood has increased at least twofold in Mogadishu, Somalia compared with pre-war. Screening possibilities are limited. Recent data concerning the prevalence of infections with blood-borne and sexually transmitted agents are not available from this country. To investigate the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1/2) and other blood-borne or sexually transmitted agents we tested a total of 256 serum samples collected in the summer of 1995 from blood donors, hospitalized children and adults in Mogadishu. The hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) carrier rate was 191%, 5.6% and 21.3 % among blood donors, hospitalized children and hospitalized adults, respectively. However, no children under 2 years of age were HbsAg positive. The overall presence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV) was 2.4% (6/256). In blood donors this was 0.6% (1/157). In none of the samples tested, antibodies against HIV 1 and 2 or human T-cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLV I and II) were detected. Our results indicate that, during the civil war in Somalia, no evidence of an increase of HIV infections was found. Our findings indicate that preventive measures in Somalia should focus mainly on prevention of HBV-infections. HBV-vaccine could be administered within the framework of the expanded programme on immunization, as none of the children less than 2 years of age were HbsAg positive. (+info)Clinical investigation of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex infection in human T lymphotrophic virus type I carriers. (4/159)
BACKGROUND: Little is known about pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection in human T lymphotrophic virus type I (HTLV-I) carriers. A study was undertaken to investigate and clarify the characteristics of pulmonary MAC infection in these subjects. METHODS: Twenty nine patients with pulmonary MAC infection without any underlying pulmonary disorder were investigated. The clinical features and radiographic appearance of HTLV-I carriers and non-carriers were compared and the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of these 29 patients and eight normal female control subjects was analysed. RESULTS: The prevalence of the HTLV-I carrier state in patients with pulmonary MAC infection was 34.5% (10/29) compared with 16.7% (529/3169) among all patients admitted to our department between 1994 and 1998 (odds ratio (OR) 2.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21 to 5.68). The HTLV-I carriers were all women and all had clinical symptoms, but they did not show systemic dissemination. Peripheral multifocal bronchiectasis with nodular shadowing was seen frequently on the chest computed tomographic (CT) scans of HTLV-I carriers. The area of the pulmonary lesions was more extensive than in non-carriers (p<0.05). White blood cell (WBC) counts and C reactive protein (CRP) levels on admission were significantly lower in HTLV-I carriers than in non-carriers (WBC: difference (D) = 1565/microl, 95% CI -68.9 to 3198.4/microl; CRP: D = 1.8 mg/dl, 95% CI -0.35 to 3.89 mg/dl). The concentrations of neutrophil elastase (NE) and interleukin (IL)-8 in BAL fluid were significantly higher in HTLV-I carriers than in non-carriers (NE: D = 1342 microg/l, 95% CI 704 to 1980.3 microg/l; IL-8: D = 304.5 pg/ml, 95% CI 89.7 to 519. 4 pg/ml). CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary MAC infection causes more diffuse and widespread lesions in HTLV-I carriers than in non-carriers. (+info)Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma with lymphopenia in a Korean. (5/159)
We experienced a case of adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) in a 48-year-old Korean female, who has never been abroad since birth and no history of blood transfusion. The patient had hypercalcemia and multiple lymphadenopathy. Histopathologic study of left cervical lymph node (LN) and bone marrow (BM) revealed that infiltrates of malignant lymphoid cells were composed of small, medium and large cells with pleomorphic nuclei. Smears of peripheral blood (PB) showed lymphopenia (16%) with the appearance of a few atypical lymphoid cells (less than 2%), but not the typical clover leaf cells seen in ATLL. Immunophenotypic study of LN and BM revealed T cell phenotype. PB showed increased CD4+ T cell (T(H), CD3/CD4+, 57%) and decreased CD8+ T cell counts (T(S), CD3/CD8+, 6.7%). The sera of the patient and her family were reactive for HTLV-I antibody. The specific sequences of pol, env, and tax of HTLV-I DNA were detected in the lymphoma cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using polymerase chain reaction. Ultrastructural examination of PBMC confirmed numerous type c virus particles in extracellular space. This case was an acute type of ATLL without overt leukemic features in PB. Despite chemotherapy and intensive conservative treatment, she died 3 months after admission. (+info)Seroprevalence of HIV and HTLV in a representative sample of the Spanish population. (6/159)
HIV and HTLV seroprevalence was determined by means of unlinked anonymous testing of 2144 sera, originally obtained from primary care patients by representative sampling of the Spanish population aged 15-39 years in 1996. HIV-1 seroprevalence was 4.3 per 1000 population in the 15-39 years age group [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.5-10.7] and 5.6 per 1000 (95% CI, 1.8-15.3) in the 20-39 years age group. Seroprevalence proved higher in males and urban residents. No antibodies to HIV-2 and HTLV-I were detected in any of the sera studied. However, presence of antibodies to HTLV-II was confirmed in one serum sample, while HTLV seroreactivity, though detected in another, could not be typed. The two HTLV-positive results equated to a seroprevalence of 1.9 per 1000 in the 20-39 years age group (95% CI, 0.3-8.6). HIV-I seroprevalence was consistent with previous estimates yielded by back-calculation. The level of HTLV seroprevalence found suggests endemicity. (+info)Prevalence of HTLV infection in pregnant women in Spain. (7/159)
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of HTLV infection among pregnant women in Spain. METHODS: A commercial ELISA incorporating HTLV-I and HTLV-II antigens was used for HTLV antibody screening. Repeatedly reactive samples were further examined by western blot. Moreover, confirmation with PCR was performed when cells were available. RESULTS: 20,366 pregnant women in 12 different Spanish cities were tested in a 3 year period (July 1996 to August 1999). 32 samples were repeatedly reactive by ELISA, and 10 of them were confirmed as positive by western blot (eight for HTLV-II and two for HTLV-I). In addition, three of 13 women who had an indeterminate western blot pattern yielded positive results for HTLV-II by PCR. All 11 HTLV-II infected women had been born in Spain, and all but one were former drug users. Seven of them were coinfected with HIV-1. One HTLV-I infected woman was from Peru, where HTLV is endemic and where she most probably was infected during sexual intercourse. CONCLUSION: The overall prevalence of HTLV infection among pregnant women in Spain is 0.064% (13/20,366), and HTLV-II instead of HTLV-I is the most commonly found variant. A strong relation was found among HTLV-II infection and specific epidemiological features, such as Spanish nationality and injecting drug use. Although HTLV-II can be vertically transmitted, mainly through breast feeding, both the low prevalence of infection and its lack of pathogenicity would not support the introduction of HTLV antenatal screening in Spain. (+info)Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus, HIV and human T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma viruses in injecting drug users in Tayside, Scotland, 1993-7. (8/159)
The prevalence of blood-borne viruses in injecting drug users (IDUs) in Tayside, Scotland was determined by testing serum samples from IDUs who underwent attributable HIV antibody testing during 1993-7. The prevalence of antibodies to HIV was 29/802, (3.6%); to hepatitis C virus (HCV) 451/691, (65.3%); and to human T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma viruses type 1 and 2 (HTLV) 0/679, (0.0%). The prevalence of HIV and HCV antibodies were higher in subjects over the age of 25 (P = 0.03 and P = 0.001, respectively). During 1993-7 the prevalence of HCV fell only in younger female IDUs (P < 0.01). HIV prevalence has declined dramatically since 1985, when a rate of 40% was recorded in similar populations. Harm reduction measures have failed to control HCV the spread of infection among IDUs in Tayside, as indicated by the high proportion of antibody positive IDUs, particularly males under the age of 25. Future studies should address the nature and effective reduction of continuing risk taking among IDUs in Tayside. (+info)Deltaretrovirus Infections are viral diseases caused by the Betaretretrovirus genus, including Human T-lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2), which can lead to adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, chronic neurological disorders, and opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals.
Deltaretroviruses are a genus of retroviruses that can cause chronic infections in humans and animals. The two main deltaretroviruses that infect humans are the Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type 2 (HTLV-2).
HTLV-1 is primarily transmitted through breastfeeding, sexual contact, and contaminated blood products. It can cause several diseases, including Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) and a neurological disorder called HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP).
HTLV-2 is primarily transmitted through intravenous drug use and sexual contact. While it has been associated with some diseases, such as neurological disorders and rare cases of leukemia, the link between HTLV-2 and disease is not as clear as it is for HTLV-1.
Deltaretrovirus infections can be diagnosed through blood tests that detect antibodies to the viruses or through genetic testing to detect the virus itself. There is currently no cure for deltaretrovirus infections, but antiretroviral therapy (ART) may help manage the infection and reduce the risk of transmission.
It's important to note that deltaretrovirus infections are relatively rare, and most people who are infected do not develop symptoms or disease. However, if you believe you may have been exposed to these viruses, it is important to speak with a healthcare provider for further evaluation and testing.
Deltaretrovirus antigens are viral proteins expressed by deltaretroviruses, such as human T-lymphotropic virus types I and II (HTLV-I/II), which can elicit immune responses and are used in serological tests to diagnose deltaretroviral infections.
Deltaretroviruses are a genus of retroviruses that include human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) types 1 and 2, bovine leukemia virus (BLV), and simian T-lymphotropic viruses. These viruses are characterized by the presence of the unique region (U) in their genome, which encodes several accessory proteins, including Tax, Rex, p12, p30, and p13.
Deltaretrovirus antigens refer to the proteins expressed by these viruses that can stimulate an immune response in infected individuals. The two main antigens of deltaretroviruses are:
1. Environmental Response Factor (ERF): Also known as p12 or p13, this protein is involved in viral replication and infectivity. It has been shown to induce the production of antibodies in infected individuals.
2. Transactivator X (Tax): This protein is a potent transcriptional activator that regulates viral gene expression and host cell signaling pathways. Tax is a major target of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and has been implicated in the development of HTLV-associated diseases such as adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM).
Detection of deltaretrovirus antigens in clinical samples can be used for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of HTLV and BLV infections. However, the interpretation of these assays should be done with caution, as the presence of antibodies or CTLs against these antigens does not necessarily indicate active infection or disease.
Deltaretrovirus antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system in response to the infection with deltaretroviruses, such as human T-lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2), which can be detected in serological tests to diagnose and monitor these retroviral infections.
Deltaretroviruses are a genus of retroviruses that include human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) types 1 and 2, bovine leukemia virus (BLV), and simian T-lymphotropic viruses. Antibodies against deltaretroviruses are proteins produced by the immune system in response to an infection with one of these viruses.
Antibodies are formed when the immune system recognizes a foreign substance, such as a virus, as harmful. The immune system then produces specific proteins called antibodies to bind to and help neutralize or remove the foreign substance from the body. Detection of deltaretrovirus antibodies in an individual's blood can indicate a current or past infection with one of these viruses.
It is important to note that the presence of deltaretrovirus antibodies does not necessarily mean that the person has symptoms or will develop disease related to the virus. Some people with deltaretrovirus antibodies may never develop symptoms, while others may develop serious illnesses such as adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (HTLV-1) or neurological disorders (HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis).
If you suspect that you may have been exposed to a deltaretrovirus, it is important to speak with your healthcare provider for further evaluation and testing.
Deltaretrovirus is a subfamily of Retroviridae characterized by complex transactivation, differential tissue tropism, and association with human T-cell leukemia and certain animal diseases.
Deltaretroviruses are a genus of retroviruses that include human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) types 1 and 2, bovine leukemia virus (BLV), and simian T-lymphotropic viruses. These viruses are characterized by their ability to cause persistent infections and can lead to the development of various diseases such as adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM).
The genome of deltaretroviruses contains two copies of single-stranded RNA, which are reverse transcribed into double-stranded DNA during the replication process. The viral DNA is then integrated into the host cell's genome, leading to a lifelong infection.
Deltaretroviruses primarily infect CD4+ T cells and other immune cells, and transmission typically occurs through bodily fluids such as breast milk, blood, and sexual contact. Prevention measures include avoiding high-risk behaviors, screening blood products, and implementing strict infection control practices in healthcare settings.
Deltaretrovirus
Infection is usually asymptomatic, but inflammation and cancer can develop over time. Four species are recognized by the ICTV ... Deltaretrovirus at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Viralzone: Deltaretrovirus v t e ( ... Deltaretrovirus is a genus of the Retroviridae family. It consists of exogenous horizontally transmitted viruses found in ... eight endogenous retroviruses identified as Deltaretrovirus are known as of 2019. Two of these were complete enough to show ...
Primate T-lymphotropic virus
In a HTLV-1 infection, it is the first protein to be expressed, and in turn is responsible for the expression of the provirus ... Rex is also common to all extant Deltaretrovirus. As it gets expressed, Rex binds mRNA to control the extent of splicing. HBZ ... It might impact the platelet count, contribute to chronic lung infections, or lead to future cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), ... HTLV-1 has seven reported subtypes (subtypes A through G). The great majority of infections are caused by the cosmopolitan ...
List of MeSH codes (C02)
... deltaretrovirus infections MeSH C02.782.815.200.260 - enzootic bovine leukosis MeSH C02.782.815.200.470 - htlv-i infections ... cardiovirus infections MeSH C02.782.687.207 - common cold MeSH C02.782.687.359 - enterovirus infections MeSH C02.782.687.359. ... avulavirus infections MeSH C02.782.580.600.080.600 - newcastle disease MeSH C02.782.580.600.400 - henipavirus infections MeSH ... respiratory syncytial virus infections MeSH C02.782.580.600.680 - rubulavirus infections MeSH C02.782.580.600.680.500 - mumps ...
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1
Infection with HTLV-I, like infection with other retroviruses, probably occurs for life. A patient infected with HTLV can be ... HTLV-1 is a retrovirus belonging to the family retroviridae and the genus deltaretrovirus. It has a positive-sense RNA genome ... HTLV-1 infection has also been associated with Tuberculosis. Treatment of opportunistic infections varies depending on the type ... HTLV-I infection in the United States appears to be about half as prevalent among IV drug users and about one-tenth as ...
Retrovirus
... after an infection, each virus generates only one provirus. After infection, reverse transcription occurs and this process is ... including Murine leukemia virus and Feline leukemia virus Genus Deltaretrovirus; including Bovine leukemia virus and the cancer ... As a result, cells such as neurons are very resistant to infection and transduction by retroviruses. This gives rise to a ... Pol proteins are responsible for synthesis of viral DNA and integration into host DNA after infection. Env proteins play a role ...
Infectious causes of cancer
Infection by some hepatitis viruses, especially hepatitis B and hepatitis C, can induce a long-term viral infection that leads ... Closely related to human T-cell leukemia virus, is another deltaretrovirus, bovine leukemia virus (BLV), which recently has met ... pylori infection. Due to the prevalence of infection by H. pylori in middle-aged adults (74% in developing countries and 58% in ... While infections have many effects, infectious organisms that increase the risk of cancer are frequently a source of DNA damage ...
African long-fingered bat
However, bats are unlikely to be the source of polyomavirus infection in humans, as none of the lineages found in bats so far ... "Discovery of an endogenous Deltaretrovirus in the genome of long-fingered bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae)". Proceedings of the ...
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Deltaretrovirus - Wikipedia
Infection is usually asymptomatic, but inflammation and cancer can develop over time. Four species are recognized by the ICTV ... Deltaretrovirus at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Viralzone: Deltaretrovirus v t e ( ... Deltaretrovirus is a genus of the Retroviridae family. It consists of exogenous horizontally transmitted viruses found in ... eight endogenous retroviruses identified as Deltaretrovirus are known as of 2019. Two of these were complete enough to show ...
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Edward Harhaj - Research output - Penn State
Deltaretrovirus Infections 100% * MEF2 Transcription Factors 93% * Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 77% ... Myocyte enhancer factor (MEF)-2 plays essential roles in T-cell transformation associated with HTLV-1 infection by stabilizing ... Deregulated expression of CD40 ligand in HTLV-I infection: Distinct mechanisms of downregulation in HTLV-I-transformed cell ...
Ciencias de la Salud - Research output
- Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos
HTLV-1 Tax: Linking transformation, DNA damage and apoptotic T-cell death<...
During the course of HTLV-1 infection, the dysregulation of cell-cycle checkpoints and the suppression of DNA damage repair is ... During the course of HTLV-1 infection, the dysregulation of cell-cycle checkpoints and the suppression of DNA damage repair is ... During the course of HTLV-1 infection, the dysregulation of cell-cycle checkpoints and the suppression of DNA damage repair is ... During the course of HTLV-1 infection, the dysregulation of cell-cycle checkpoints and the suppression of DNA damage repair is ...
A novel Betaretrovirus discovered in cattle with neurological disease and encephalitis | Retrovirology | Full Text
Further screening of brain samples, virus isolation, and infection studies are needed to estimate the significance of these ... Deltaretrovirus infection is typically restricted to the spinal cord, and the infected cells are mainly lymphocytes [25, 55]. ... and/or topographic location of CNS infection differ between BoRV CH15 infection and infection with known neuropathogenic ... However, infection with these viruses leads mainly to spongiform degeneration, which was not present in BoRV CH15-infected ...
Volume 20, Number 5-May 2014 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Human Infections with Rickettsia raoultii, China [PDF - 359 KB - 3 pages] N. Jia et al. View Abstract. Cite This Article. ... Bovine leukemia virus (BLV), a deltaretrovirus, causes B-cell leukemia/lymphoma in cattle and is prevalent in herds globally. A ... Serologic Evidence of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Infection in Northern Sea Otters [PDF - 289 KB - 3 pages] Z. Li et al. Cite ... Babesia venatorum Infection in Child, China [PDF - 300 KB - 2 pages] Y. Sun et al. Cite This Article. ...
Pesquisa | Prevenção e Controle de Câncer
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is an oncogenic retrovirus of the Deltaretrovirus genus, which causes persistent infection in its ... After BLV-infection, the PVL was significantly lower in JBRK cattle than that in JB and HF breeds. The genetic factors ... This is the first study to investigate the role of PRMT5 in BLV infection in vivo and in vitro and to reveal a novel function ... The fLAMP is a potential tool for the rapid and simple diagnosis of BLV infection to supplement ELISA testing and can be used ...
Neurologic disease due to HTLV-1 infection<...
Deltaretrovirus Medicine & Life Sciences 100% * Nervous System Diseases Medicine & Life Sciences 67% ... McKendall, RR 2014, Neurologic disease due to HTLV-1 infection, Handbook of Clinical Neurology, vol. 123, pp. 507-530. https ... Neurologic disease due to HTLV-1 infection. / McKendall, Robert R. In: Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Vol. 123, 2014, p. 507- ... McKendall, Robert R. / Neurologic disease due to HTLV-1 infection. In: Handbook of Clinical Neurology. 2014 ; Vol. 123. pp. 507 ...
Search | Global Index Medicus
Humans , Deltaretrovirus Infections/physiopathology , Social Stigma , Prejudice , Stereotyping , Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic ... Humans , Female , Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic , Deltaretrovirus Infections , Brazil/epidemiology , Infectious Disease ... Humans , Male , Female , HTLV-I Infections , HTLV-II Infections , Serology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Paraparesis, ... Humans , HTLV-I Infections/complications , HTLV-I Infections/diagnosis , Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/etiology , Nervous ...
Real Time PCR Detection Kit Bovine leukemia virus | Biopremier - Products
BLV infection often does not cause any clinical signs, however, about 30 % of the infected animals develop lymphoproliferation ... Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a single-stranded RNA retrovirus belonging to the genus Deltaretrovirus. Infection with the ... Congenital infection is seen in less than one in ten calves born from positive dams.. Product Features: -Assay Mix Target ...
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GenusRetrovirusesAsymptomaticEpidemiologyImmunodeficiencyViral infectionsPersistent infectionCongenitalDiseasesLiver CirrhosisVirusMechanismsIllnessPublic HealthNuclearCattleImmuneDiseasePublicationsTreatmentSpreadMethodsRiskRetroviridae InfectionsHTLVAntibodiesGenomeOncogenicLeukemia VirusViral infectionBacterialChronicProviralIncludeDevelopmentRisk factorsEarlyResult
Genus7
- Deltaretrovirus is a genus of the Retroviridae family. (wikipedia.org)
- In cattle, known retroviruses are bovine leukemia virus (BLV) of the genus Deltaretrovirus , bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) of the genus Lentivirus , and bovine foamy virus (BFV) of the genus Bovispumavirus [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a single-stranded RNA retrovirus belonging to the genus Deltaretrovirus. (biopremier.com)
- All HTLV strains belong to the Retroviridae family in the genus Deltaretrovirus. (medscape.com)
- Abstract Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) belongs to the genus, Deltaretrovirus of the family, Retroviridae and it is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis. (edu.vn)
- Epidemiological and molecular profile of blood donors infected with HTLV-1/2 in the state of Pará, northern Brazil Abstract Background: The Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) is a retrovirus of the genus Deltaretrovirus, which belongs to the family Retroviridae. (htlv.net)
- A genus of the family RETROVIRIDAE consisting of non-oncogenic retroviruses that produce multi-organ diseases characterized by long incubation periods and persistent infection. (wakehealth.edu)
Retroviruses3
- In addition, eight endogenous retroviruses identified as Deltaretrovirus are known as of 2019. (wikipedia.org)
- Several retroviruses, including members of the genera Lentivirus , Gammaretrovirus , and Deltaretrovirus have been shown to cause disease in the CNS. (biomedcentral.com)
- Work-Related Human T-lymphotropic Virus 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) Infection: A Systematic Review Abstract Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) belong to the delta group of retroviruses which may cause a life-long infection in humans, HTLV-1 leading to adult T-cell. (htlv.net)
Asymptomatic4
- Infection is usually asymptomatic, but inflammation and cancer can develop over time. (wikipedia.org)
- HTLV causes lifelong infection, with the overwhelming majority of cases remaining asymptomatic. (medscape.com)
- Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (ucdenver.edu)
- Acute HTLV infection is rarely seen or diagnosed, as most infections are asymptomatic. (medscape.com)
Epidemiology1
- This chapter will provide an overview of the virus discovery, the epidemiology of HTLV-1 infection, basic virology, and basic aspects of the immunologic response to the infection. (utmb.edu)
Immunodeficiency2
- x-linked immunodeficiency with magnesium defect, epstein-barr virus infection, and neoplasia: report of a family and literature review]. (liverpool.ac.uk)
- objective: to investigate the clinical features and genetic characteristics of cases with x-linked immunodeficiency with magnesium defect, epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection, and neoplasia (xmen). (liverpool.ac.uk)
Viral infections4
- Lenshin S.V., Romashin A.V., Vyshemirsky O.I., Lvov D.K., Alkhovsky S.V. Bats of the subtropical climate zone of the Krasnodar Territory of Russia as a possible reservoir of zoonotic viral infections. (crie.ru)
- Zainutdinov S.S., Sivolobova G.F., Loktev V.B., Kochneva G.V. Mucosal immunity and vaccines against viral infections. (crie.ru)
- therapeutic manipulation of host cell death pathways to facilitate clearance of persistent viral infections. (liverpool.ac.uk)
- most persistent viral infections can be controlled, but not cured, by current therapies. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Persistent infection1
- A major feature of BLV infection is the viral latency, which enables the escape from the host immune system, the maintenance of a persistent infection and ultimately the tumoral development. (bvsalud.org)
Congenital1
- Congenital infection is seen in less than one in ten calves born from positive dams. (biopremier.com)
Diseases1
- The mission of the International Retrovirology Association (IRVA) is to encourage research in retrovirology, especially the study of human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infections and the associated diseases, to foster collaborations between research groups, provide a platform for critical analysis of new data, and contribute to the dissemination of knowledge about these infections. (htlv.net)
Liver Cirrhosis1
- Garbuzenko D.V. The role of antiviral therapy in the management of patients with liver cirrhosis associated with chronic HBV and HCV infection. (crie.ru)
Virus11
- Further screening of brain samples, virus isolation, and infection studies are needed to estimate the significance of these findings and the causative association of BoRV CH15 with neurological disease and encephalitis in cattle. (biomedcentral.com)
- Infection with the virus most often does not cause any clinical signs, however, about 30 % of the infected animals develop lymphoproliferation and about 5 % develop leukemia. (biopremier.com)
- Previous studies indicate the importance of these viral proteins in the ability of the virus to maintain viral loads and persist in an animal model of HTLV-1 infection. (biomedcentral.com)
- Infection might be diagnosed after an attempted blood donation, a familial history of the infection, or workup of a disease caused by the virus (eg, a recent diagnosis of ATL or HAM/TSP). (medscape.com)
- what is the impact of epstein-barr virus in peri-implant infection? (liverpool.ac.uk)
- transcriptional profile and epstein-barr virus infection status of laser-cut immune infiltrates from the brain of patients with progressive multiple sclerosis. (liverpool.ac.uk)
- it is debated whether multiple sclerosis (ms) might result from an immunopathological response toward an active epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection brought into the central nervous system (cns) by immigrating b cells. (liverpool.ac.uk)
- epstein-barr virus infection and type i interferon signature in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. (liverpool.ac.uk)
- epstein-barr (eb) virus infection has long been speculated to evoke systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). (liverpool.ac.uk)
- since a virus infection can induce interferon (ifn) system activation, we aimed to discover the relationship between the two in the progression of sle in a chinese inpatient cohort. (liverpool.ac.uk)
- Les examens ont été réalisés au Centre d'Infectiologie Charles Mérieux (CICM) de Bamako avec le dépistage du génome des virus responsables de la Dengue, de la fièvre de la Vallée du Rift, et du Zika à l'aide de la technique de la RT-PCR en temps réel. (bvsalud.org)
Mechanisms1
- Furthermore, the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms between HTLV-1 infection and disease development are not completely described and require further research. (medscape.com)
Illness1
- HSV-2), syphilis (infections with Treponema pallidum) and gonorrhoea (Neiserria gonorrhoea illness). (kandlfloriculture.com)
Public Health1
- Blocking HTLV-1/2 silent transmission in Brazil: Current public health policies and proposal for additional strategies Abstract Human T-cell lymphotropic viruses 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) are relatively common in Brazil but remain silent and neglected infections. (htlv.net)
Nuclear1
- Dr. Jeang will speak on research insights gained over the past 25 years on how HTLV-1 infection and Tax expression create nuclear damage and aneuploidy in the process of cellular transformation. (nih.gov)
Cattle2
- However, at that point we could draw no conclusion regarding the association of BoRV CH15 infection with encephalitis in cattle. (biomedcentral.com)
- After BLV-infection, the PVL was significantly lower in JBRK cattle than that in JB and HF breeds. (bvsalud.org)
Immune1
- based on this model, a relationship should exist between the local immune milieu and ebv infection status in the ms brain. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Disease1
- McKendall, RR 2014, ' Neurologic disease due to HTLV-1 infection ', Handbook of Clinical Neurology , vol. 123, pp. 507-530. (utmb.edu)
Publications2
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "HIV Infections" by people in this website by year, and whether "HIV Infections" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (ucdenver.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "HIV Infections" by people in Profiles. (ucdenver.edu)
Treatment1
- Pashkov E.A., Korchevaya E.R., Faizuloev E.B., Svitich O.A., Pashkov E.P., Nechaev D.N., Zverev V.V. Potential of application of the RNA interference phenomenon in the treatment of new coronavirus infection COVID-19. (crie.ru)
Spread2
- No vaccine or antiviral therapy exists for HTLV infection, and viral management focuses on patient education to prevent further spread of infection. (medscape.com)
- latent infection can spread by b cell recirculation and proliferation, but whether this alone achieves systemic infection is unclear. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Methods1
- Molecular methods for diagnosing novel coronavirus infection: comparison of loop-mediated isothermal amplification and polymerase chain reaction. (crie.ru)
Risk2
- When considering HTLV infection, the most important historical information pertains to risk assessment. (medscape.com)
- The mission of their agency, and the CDC funding announcement, is to "provide HIV testing and prevention/education services, for racial/ethnic minority communities at greatest risk of acquiring, and transmitting HIV infections. (cdc.gov)
Retroviridae Infections1
- Retroviridae infections. (lookformedical.com)
HTLV17
- Infections caused by the HTLV or BLV deltaretroviruses. (nih.gov)
- While HTLV-1 infection is generally asymptomatic, 3%-5% of infected individuals develop a highly malignant and intractable T-cell neoplasm known as adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) decades after infection. (nih.gov)
- How HTLV-1 infection progresses to ATL is not well understood. (nih.gov)
- Special emphasis is directed towards recent literature on the mechanisms of action of these two proteins and the roles of Tax and HBZ in influencing the outcomes of HTLV-1 infection including senescence induction, viral latency and persistence, genome instability, cell proliferation, and ATL development. (nih.gov)
- Attempts are made to integrate results from cell-based studies of HTLV-1 infection and studies of HTLV-1 proviral integration site preference, clonality, and clonal expansion based on high throughput DNA sequencing. (nih.gov)
- HTLV causes lifelong infection, with the overwhelming majority of cases remaining asymptomatic. (medscape.com)
- No vaccine or antiviral therapy exists for HTLV infection, and viral management focuses on patient education to prevent further spread of infection. (medscape.com)
- 8, 9] ATL develops in 2%-4% and HAM/TSP in 1%-2% of individuals with HTLV-1 infection, respectively. (medscape.com)
- Furthermore, the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms between HTLV-1 infection and disease development are not completely described and require further research. (medscape.com)
- Additional ocular manifestations in individuals with HTLV-1 infection include retinal vasculitis, choroidopathy, and keratopathy. (medscape.com)
- Key epidemiologic questions about AIDS and infection with HTLV-III/LAV. (cdc.gov)
- Our results show that the HTLV and BLV deltaretrovirus PRs exhibit lower mutation tolerance as compared to HIV-1 PR, and are less likely to retain their activity upon point mutations at various positions, indicating a higher flexibility of HIV-1 PR in tolerating mutations under selective pressure. (bvsalud.org)
- HAA is thought to arise from direct infection of joints by HTLV-1, as evidenced by the detection of ATL-like T lymphocytes and HTLV-1 proviral DNA in the synovial fluid and synovial tissue, and higher titers of IgM antibodies against HTLV-1 in the synovial fluid. (medscape.com)
- Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a deltaretrovirus and the most oncogenic pathogen. (figshare.com)
- While the probability of presenting any symptoms related to HTLV-1 infection is relatively low (roughly 5-10% for the lifetime of an infected individual), the disease progression and prognosis of those infected individuals who develop ATL is fatal, with a median survival range of 8-10 months. (biomedcentral.com)
- This study characterized the group as to the possible risk factors for HTLV infection, describing the occurrence of diseases associated with HTLV, characterized the group as the subtypes of HTLV, describing them according to the naturalness of patients and characterize the cases of patients with serology indeterminate WB using molecular biology techniques. (fiocruz.br)
- The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is thought to result from infection of T cells by a pathogenic human retrovirus, human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) or lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV). (duke.edu)
Antibodies3
- A previous finding of antibodies against BLV in humans led us to examine the possibility of human infection with BLV. (cdc.gov)
- This study could not determine whether the antibodies were a response to infection or merely to heat-inactivated BLV consumed in food products. (cdc.gov)
- The finding of antibodies to BLV in humans prompted us to investigate human tissues for evidence of infection with BLV by using liquid-phase PCR (L-PCR), sequencing, in situ PCR, and immunohistochemical (IHC) testing. (cdc.gov)
Genome2
- A key step in the establishment of infection is the integration of viral genetic material into the host genome, catalysed by the retroviral integrase (IN) enzyme. (figshare.com)
- Farkašová H., Hron T., Pačes J., Hulva P., Benda P ., Gifford R. & Elleder D., 2017: Discovery of an endogenous Deltaretrovirus in the genome of long-fingered bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae). (nm.cz)
Oncogenic1
- While infections have many effects, infectious organisms that increase the risk of cancer are frequently a source of DNA damage or genomic instability, as discussed below for oncogenic viruses and an oncogenic bacterium. (mdwiki.org)
Leukemia Virus1
- Bovine leukemia virus (BLV), a deltaretrovirus, causes B-cell leukemia/lymphoma in cattle and is prevalent in herds globally. (cdc.gov)
Viral infection2
- Infection by some hepatitis viruses, especially hepatitis B and hepatitis C , can induce a long-term viral infection that leads to liver cancer in about 1 in 200 of people infected with hepatitis B each year (more in Asia, fewer in North America), and in about 1 in 45 of people infected with hepatitis C each year. (mdwiki.org)
- [15] Syncytin-1 has been shown to interfere with viral infection in-vitro by RDR interference group member spleen necrosis virus. (wikipedia.org)
Bacterial2
- Heterogeneous group of immunodeficiency syndromes characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia of most isotypes, variable B-cell defects, and the presence of recurrent bacterial infections. (nih.gov)
- [3] Bacterial infection may also increase the risk of cancer, as seen in Helicobacter pylori -induced stomach cancer . (mdwiki.org)
Chronic2
- [11] People with chronic hepatitis B infection are more than 200 times more likely to develop liver cancer than uninfected people. (mdwiki.org)
- [11] Liver cirrhosis , whether from chronic viral hepatitis infection or excessive alcohol use or some other cause, is independently associated with the development of liver cancer, and the combination of cirrhosis and viral hepatitis presents the highest risk of liver cancer development. (mdwiki.org)
Proviral1
- Primo et al reported that the proviral load was not associated with age, duration of infection, duration of breastfeeding, or severity of skin infection. (medscape.com)
Include1
- [4] Parasitic infections strongly associated with cancer include Schistosoma haematobium ( squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder ) and the liver flukes , Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis ( cholangiocarcinoma ). (mdwiki.org)
Development1
- Multiple factors (e.g., infection, and pulmonary FAT EMBOLISM) may contribute to the development of the syndrome. (nih.gov)
Risk factors1
- [1] Viral infections are risk factors for cervical cancer, 80% of liver cancers, and 15-20% of the other cancers. (mdwiki.org)
Early1
- In the future, ORF63 could therefore be considered a target to block gammaherpesvirus infection at a very early stage of the infection. (sciensano.be)
Result1
- It can result from either previous infection with that agent or vaccination (IMMUNITY, ACTIVE), or transfer of antibody or lymphocytes from an immune donor (IMMUNIZATION, PASSIVE). (nih.gov)