Dioscoreaceae
Characterization of seven (CTT)(n) microsatellite loci in the Pyrenean endemic Borderea pyrenaica (Dioscoreaceae): remarks on ploidy level and hybrid origin assessed through allozymes and microsatellite analyses. (1/13)
We present the identification and characterization of microsatellite loci in the Pyrenean endemic Borderea pyrenaica Miegeville (Dioscoreaceae). Seven microsatellite loci were isolated from a (CTT)(n)-enriched partial genomic library. Electropherograms patterns suggest that B. pyrenaica is a tetraploid species, as is its congener B. chouardii. One microsatellite locus was monomorphic, whereas the remaining ones presented from 2 to 10 alleles when analyzed in a sample of 60 individuals. Microsatellites have revealed higher levels of genetic variability than those in previous studies based on allozymes. Levels of genetic diversity are discussed in terms of tetrasomic (autotetraploidy) or duplicated disomic (allotetraploidy) modes of allele segregation. According to the first hypothesis, mean levels of genetic variability (H(min)-H(max)) range between 0.36 and 0.41, whereas, according to the second hypothesis, the 7 primer pairs amplified 11 chromosomal loci, and mean levels of observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.217 and 0.229, respectively, and did not differ significantly from HW expectations. These results suggest a hybrid allopolyploid origin for the Borderea taxa. (+info)Taccasterosides A-C, novel C28-sterol oligoglucosides from the rhizomes of Tacca chantrieri. (2/13)
Three novel C(28)-sterol oligoglucosides, named taccasterosides A-C (1-3), were isolated from the rhizomes of Tacca chantrieri (Taccaceae). Their structures were determined by detailed spectroscopic analysis, including 2D NMR data, and a few chemical transformations. (+info)Genetic fingerprinting of germplasm accessions as an aid for species conservation: a case study with Borderea chouardii (Dioscoreaceae), one of the most critically endangered Iberian plants. (3/13)
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Molecular markers have changed previous expectations about germplasm collections of endangered plants, as new perspectives aim at holding a significant representation of all the genetic diversity in the studied species to accomplish further conservation initiatives successfully. Borderea chouardii is a critically endangered allotetraploid dioecious member of Dioscoreaceae, known from a single population in the Iberian pre-Pyrenees. This population was reported to be highly structured into two genetically distinct groups of individuals corresponding to their spatial separation along the vertical cliff where it grows. In 1999, the Spanish Government of Aragon launched the first conservation programme for the ex situ preservation of this species, and since then a seed collection has been conserved at the Germplasm Bank of the Universidad Politecnica de Madrid. However, as some seed samples had not been labelled clearly at the time of collection, their origin was uncertain. METHODS: Genetic variation in germplasm accessions of B. chouardii was investigated using microsatellite (simple sequence repeat; SSR) markers. KEY RESULTS: The 17 primer pairs used detected 62 SSR alleles in the 46 samples analysed from five different germplasm stocks. Eight alleles scored from the wild population were not detected in the germplasm samples analysed. The relatedness of the germplasm samples to the wild subpopulations through neighbour-joining clustering, principal coordinates analysis (PCO) and assignment tests revealed a biased higher representation of the genetic diversity of the lower cliff (43 samples) subpopulation than that of the upper cliff (three samples). CONCLUSIONS: The collection of additional samples from the upper cliff is recommended to achieve a better representation of the genetic diversity of this subpopulation. It is also recommended that these stocks should be managed separately according to their distinct microspatial origin in order to preserve the genetic substructuring of the wild population. (+info)A Bayesian approach for discriminating among alternative inheritance hypotheses in plant polyploids: the allotetraploid origin of genus Borderea (Dioscoreaceae). (4/13)
Polyploidy is a common phenomenon occurring in a vast number of land plants. Investigations of patterns of inheritance and the origins of plants (i.e., autopolyploidy vs. allopolyploidy) usually involve cytogenetic and molecular studies of chromosome pairing, chromosome mapping, and marker segregation analysis through experimental crosses and progeny tests. Such studies are missing for most wild species, for which artificial crosses are difficult, not feasible, or unaffordable. We report here a Bayesian method to discriminate between alternative inheritance patterns in the two extant, tetraploid species of the monocot genus Borderea (Dioscoreaceae), which does not involve progeny array tests. Our approach is based on the screening of a large number of SSR genotypes, which were obtained from successful amplifications of 17 microsatellite regions in individuals of both B. chouardii and B. pyrenaica. We tested for tetrasomic vs. disomic modes of inheritance, using the Bayes factor test. Assignment of genotypes under both alternatives could be unequivocally done for 14 and 11 of the 17 studied microsatellite regions in B. chouardii and B. pyrenaica, respectively, totaling 9502 analyzed genotypes. The comparison of posterior probabilities for the two competing hypotheses across the surveyed loci clearly favored a disomic inheritance pattern. Linkage tests indicated that none of the studied SSR loci were in linkage disequilibrium, thus representing independent samples of the Borderea genome. These results, along with previous allozyme data, support the allotetraploid origin of this paleoendemic genus and reveal the lowest reported chromosome base number for the family of the yams. (+info)Genetic diversity and geographic differentiation in Tacca chantrieri (Taccaceae): an autonomous selfing plant with showy floral display. (5/13)
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Despite considerable investment in elaborate floral displays, Tacca chantrieri populations are predominantly selfing. It is hypothesized that this species might possess considerable spatial or temporal variation in outcrossing rates among populations. To test this hypothesis, genetic variability and genetic differentiation within and among T. chantrieri populations were investigated to find out if they are in agreement with expectations based on a predominantly inbred mating system. METHODS: Genetic diversity was quantified using inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) in 303 individuals from 13 populations taken from known locations of T. chantrieri in China, and from one population in Thailand. KEY RESULTS: Of the 113 primers screened, 24 produced highly reproducible ISSR bands. Using these primers, 160 discernible DNA fragments were generated, of which 145 (90.62 %) were polymorphic. This indicated considerable genetic variation at the species level. However, there were relatively low levels of polymorphism at population levels, with percentages of polymorphic bands (PPB) ranging from 8.75 % to 55 %. A high level of genetic differentiation among populations was detected based on different measures (Nei's genetic diversity analysis: G(ST) = 0.5835; AMOVA analysis: F(ST) = 0.6989). Furthermore, based on levels of genetic differentiation, the 14 populations clustered into two distinct groups separated by the Tanaka Line. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of differentiation among populations and low levels of diversity within populations at large spatial scales are consistent with earlier small-scale studies of mating patterns detected by allozymes which showed that T. chantrieri populations are predominantly selfing. However, it appears that T. chantrieri has a mixed-mating system in which self-fertilization predominates, but there is occasional outcrossing. Significant genetic differences between the two distinct regions might be attributed to vicariance along the Tanaka Line. Finally, possible mechanisms of geographic patterns based on genetic differentiation of T. chantrieri are discussed. (+info)Five new withanolides from Tacca plantaginea. (6/13)
Five new withanolides named plantagiolides A-E (1, 3-6), together with a known withanolide glucoside, chantriolide A (2) were isolated from the whole plants of Tacca plantaginea (HANCE). Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods including extensive 1D and 2D-NMR techniques. (+info)New glycosides from the rhizomes of Tacca chantrieri. (7/13)
Five new glycosides, which are classified into two bisdesmosidic pseudofurostanol glycosides (1, 2), two new ergostanol glycosides (3, 4), and a new phenolic glycoside (5), were isolated from the rhizomes of Tacca chantrieri. The structures of 1-5 were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including that of two-dimensional (2D) NMR data, as well as hydrolytic cleavage followed by spectroscopic and chromatographic analyses. (+info)Chantriolide C, a new withanolide glucoside and a new spirostanol saponin from the rhizomes of Tacca chantrieri. (8/13)
A new withanolide, chantriolide C (1) and a new spirostanol saponin, chantrieroside A (2) were isolated from the rhizomes of Tacca chantrieri, together with another five known steroidal compounds. Their structures were established as (22R)-1alpha,12alpha-diacetoxy-2alpha,3alpha;6alpha,7alpha-diepoxy-27-[(beta-D-gl ucopyranosyl)oxy]-5alpha-hydroxywith-24-enolide (1) and (25R)-spirost-5-en-3-yl-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-O-[O-beta-D-glucopyrano syl-(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2). The structures of the new saponins were determined by detailed analysis of their 1 dimensional (1D) and 2D NMR spectra, and chemical evidences. (+info)Dioscoreaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes around 750 species, mostly native to tropical and warm temperate regions. It is also known as the yam family. The plants in this family are primarily herbaceous or climbing vines, although some are small trees or shrubs. They have simple, alternate leaves and produce small flowers that are typically greenish-white or yellowish in color.
The most economically important member of Dioscoreaceae is the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), which is not a true yam but is a close relative. True yams, on the other hand, are the starchy, tuberous roots of several species of Dioscorea, including D. alata, D. esculenta, and D. rotundata. Yams are an important food crop in many parts of the world, particularly in Africa and Asia.
Overall, Dioscoreaceae is a diverse family of plants that includes a number of economically and culturally significant species.
'Dioscorea' is the medical term for a genus of plants commonly known as yams. These plants belong to the family Dioscoreaceae and are native to tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. The tubers or roots of some species of Dioscorea are edible and are an important food source in many parts of the world, particularly in Africa and Asia. Some species of Dioscorea contain steroidal saponins, which have been used in traditional medicine for their anti-inflammatory and other properties. However, it is important to note that some species of Dioscorea are toxic and should not be consumed without proper preparation and knowledge.
Dioscoreaceae
Tuber
Dioscorea mexicana
List of lilioid families
APG IV system
Tacca leontopetaloides
Reveal system
Eichler system
Bernice Giduz Schubert
Flora of Thailand
APG III system
Thorns, spines, and prickles
Xanthorrhoea
Maevia Noemí Correa
Edward S. Ayensu
Dioscorea dumetorum
Alwyn Gentry
Dioscorea rosei
Dioscorea rimbachii
Dioscoreales
Dioscorea andromedusae
Dioscorea
Tacca
Dioscorea esculenta
Rajania
Dioscorea balcanica
Dioscorea spicata
Stenomeris
Dioscorea bernoulliana
Ripogonum
Dioscoreaceae - Wikipedia
Diversification into novel habitats in the Africa clade of Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae): erect habit and elephant's foot tubers |...
Dioscoreaceae - eFlora of India
family dioscoreaceae (english) - Kamus SABDA
NEON Biorepository Data Portal - Dioscoreaceae
Succulents in the Family Dioscoreaceae - World of Succulents
Mahenge
UConn Biodiversity Conservatory Collections native to Mali
MISHRA et al. - Famine Foods
Universal Chalcidoidea Database
Western Australian Organism List | Agriculture and Food
Geneva Herbaria Catalogue
tamus communis Black Bryony PFAF Plant Database
Dioscorea villosa Wild Yam PFAF Plant Database
Catalogue Herbiers Gen ve
Acanthaceae | Amaryllidaceae | Anacardiaceae | Annonaceae | Apocynaceae | Araceae - Palmae | Araliaceae | Asparagaceae |...
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Tek çenekliler - Vikipedi
Fl. MO Vol. 1 @ efloras.org
eFlora Search Page
DIABETES MELLITUS The TCM approach to treatment - East West School of Planetary Herbology
Dioscorea Villosa general symptoms - ABC Homeopathy
Colección de plantas vasculares de Brasil del Herbario 'Jaime Andrés Rodríguez'. LEB-Brasil
Specimen Details - The William & Lynda Steere Herbarium
BOTANICA SISTEMATICA
Dioscorea2
- As a result, Dioscoreaceae is restricted to four genera, one of which is Tacca (formerly Taccaceae), while Dioscorea is enlarged to accommodate a host of nested satellite genera (none occurring in Costa Rica). (mobot.org)
- Dioscorea is a large genus of more than 600 species in the Dioscoreaceae family. (pacificbulbsociety.org)
Dioscoreales1
- Yams reclassified: a recircumscription of Dioscoreaceae and Dioscoreales. (mobot.org)
Tacca2
- 2000) and the broadest interpretation of the Dioscoreaceae (adopted here) includes Tacca as well. (neonscience.org)
- The Bat Plant, Tacca, is a species of flowering plant in the yam family, Dioscoreaceae, native to tropical and subtropical rainforests of Central Asia. (themarthablog.com)
Family2
- Dioscoreaceae (/ˌdaɪəˌskɔːriˈeɪsii/) is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants, with about 715 known species in nine genera. (wikipedia.org)
- Dioscoreaceae is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants, with about 715 known species in 9 genera of herbaceous or woody vines and shrubs, distributed throughout tropical and warm temperate regions. (worldofsucculents.com)
Circumscription2
- The circumscription of Dioscoreaceae has expanded over the years. (wikipedia.org)
- Circumscription of the Dioscoreaceae remains controversial. (neonscience.org)
Distribution1
- A formal classification of Dioscoreaceae is presented, with full synonymy, lengthy familial and generic descriptions, a key to genera, and notes on distribution and synonymy. (mobot.org)
Genus1
- Diosgenin is a saponin aglycone, obtained principally from the roots of plants belonging to the genus Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae). (progesteronetherapy.com)
Liliales2
- We conducted a field host-specificity test with experienced and naïve adults of Lilioceris cheni Gressitt and Kimoto (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae,) a biological control agent of Dioscorea bulbifera L. (Liliales: Dioscoreaceae). (usda.gov)
- We conducted a two-phase field host-specificity test with experienced and naïve adults of Lilioceris cheni Gressitt and Kimoto (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae,) a biological control agent of Dioscorea bulbifera L. (Liliales: Dioscoreaceae). (usda.gov)
Data1
- About 37 Dioscoreaceae in Chile and 15 in our data base. (chileflora.com)