A pouch or sac developed from a tubular or saccular organ, such as the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.
A congenital abnormality characterized by the outpouching or sac formation in the ILEUM. It is a remnant of the embryonic YOLK SAC in which the VITELLINE DUCT failed to close.
Saccular protrusion beyond the wall of the ESOPHAGUS.
A pouch or sac opening from the COLON.
Saccular, outward protrusion of all or a portion of the wall of the STOMACH.
Pathological conditions in the DUODENUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL).
Inflammation of a DIVERTICULUM or diverticula.
Pathological development in the JEJUNUM region of the SMALL INTESTINE.
Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.
A segment of the COLON between the RECTUM and the descending colon.
Recesses of the kidney pelvis which divides into two wide, cup-shaped major renal calices, with each major calix subdivided into 7 to 14 minor calices. Urine empties into a minor calix from collecting tubules, then passes through the major calix, renal pelvis, and ureter to enter the urinary bladder. (From Moore, Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 3d ed, p211)
Pathological processes involving the URETHRA.
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.
Inflammation of the COLONIC DIVERTICULA, generally with abscess formation and subsequent perforation.
Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.
Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.
Tumors or cancer in the ILEUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL).
Surgery of the smooth muscle sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla to relieve blocked biliary or pancreatic ducts.
The segment of LARGE INTESTINE between TRANSVERSE COLON and the SIGMOID COLON.
A mass of histologically normal tissue present in an abnormal location.
Pathological processes in the SIGMOID COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).
A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.
A worm-like blind tube extension from the CECUM.
Pathological processes of the URINARY BLADDER.
Pathological development in the ILEUM including the ILEOCECAL VALVE.
A pathological condition characterized by the presence of a number of COLONIC DIVERTICULA in the COLON. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial, including colon aging, motor dysfunction, increases in intraluminal pressure, and lack of dietary fibers.
A technique of closing incisions and wounds, or of joining and connecting tissues, in which staples are used as sutures.
Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.
Surgery performed on the digestive system or its parts.
An abnormal concretion occurring mostly in the urinary and biliary tracts, usually composed of mineral salts. Also called stones.
Artery arising from the brachiocephalic trunk on the right side and from the arch of the aorta on the left side. It distributes to the neck, thoracic wall, spinal cord, brain, meninges, and upper limb.
An abnormal passage in the URINARY BLADDER or between the bladder and any surrounding organ.
Incision into the side of the abdomen between the ribs and pelvis.
Endoscopy of the small intestines accomplished while advancing the endoscope into the intestines from the stomach by alternating the inflation of two balloons, one on an innertube of the endoscope and the other on an overtube.
Unanticipated information discovered in the course of testing or medical care. Used in discussions of information that may have social or psychological consequences, such as when it is learned that a child's biological father is someone other than the putative father, or that a person tested for one disease or disorder has, or is at risk for, something else.
A form of intestinal obstruction caused by the PROLAPSE of a part of the intestine into the adjoining intestinal lumen. There are four types: colic, involving segments of the LARGE INTESTINE; enteric, involving only the SMALL INTESTINE; ileocecal, in which the ILEOCECAL VALVE prolapses into the CECUM, drawing the ILEUM along with it; and ileocolic, in which the ileum prolapses through the ileocecal valve into the COLON.
Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).
Stones in the URINARY BLADDER; also known as vesical calculi, bladder stones, or cystoliths.
A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and cerebral circulation, brain, thyroid, and joints.
The segment of LARGE INTESTINE between the CECUM and the TRANSVERSE COLON. It passes cephalad from the cecum to the caudal surface of the right lobe of the LIVER where it bends sharply to the left, forming the right colic flexure.
Endoscopes for examining the interior of the esophagus.
A solution or compound that is introduced into the RECTUM with the purpose of cleansing the COLON or for diagnostic procedures.
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
A procedure in which a laparoscope (LAPAROSCOPES) is inserted through a small incision near the navel to examine the abdominal and pelvic organs in the PERITONEAL CAVITY. If appropriate, biopsy or surgery can be performed during laparoscopy.
Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHIASIS. Gallstones, derived from the BILE, consist mainly of calcium, cholesterol, or bilirubin.
A dilation of the duodenal papilla that is the opening of the juncture of the COMMON BILE DUCT and the MAIN PANCREATIC DUCT, also known as the hepatopancreatic ampulla.
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the luminal surface of the colon.
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE service for health professionals and consumers. It links extensive information from the National Institutes of Health and other reviewed sources of information on specific diseases and conditions.
Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.
An abscess located in the abdominal cavity, i.e., the cavity between the diaphragm above and the pelvis below. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6)
Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the liver as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.
That portion of the body that lies between the THORAX and the PELVIS.

The effect of wheat bran on intestinal transit. (1/138)

In 18 students and two members of staff at a boys' boarding school, the time taken to pass 20 out of 25 radiopaque pellets varied from one to seven days while the subjects were eating a normal English diet. After the additon of bran, about 20 g daily, to this diet transit time fell from 2-75 plus or minus 1-6 to 2-0 plus or minus 0-9 days (P smaller than 0-025). Transit became faster in all nine subjects who had an initial time of three days or more, and in three of seven with an initial time of two days, but became slower in all four boys with an initial one-day transit. Frequency of defaecation correlated poorly with transit time (a once daily bowel action being found with transit times ranging from one to four days), and did not increase significantly with bran. In 10 additional adults with slow initial transit (three or four days) the effect of bran was compared with that of an equal volume of ground oatflakes in a double-blind crossover trial. Bran caused a significant acceleration of transit, wherease oatmeal had no effect. These studies confirm that bran accelerates slow intestinal transit and show that this is not simply a psychological effect. Bran may also slow down fast transit.  (+info)

The safe use of epidural anesthesia after subcutaneous injection of low-dose heparin in general abdominal surgery. (2/138)

OBJECTIVE: To determine if epidural anesthesia after the subcutaneous injection of low-dose unfractionated heparin (LDUH) in patients who undergo elective bowel surgery is safe with respect to hemorrhagic complications. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. SETTING: Two hospitals affiliated with the Universite de Montreal. PATIENTS: Fifty patients scheduled for elective bowel surgery. INTERVENTION: Subcutaneous injection of 5000 units of LDUH and elective surgery for colonic carcinoma, chronic diverticulosis or inflammatory bowel disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), anti-IIa and anti-Xa heparin levels measured before and 2 and 4 hours after injection of LDUH. RESULTS: In no case was the heparin anti-IIa or anti-Xa level higher than 0.20 U/mL, which is considered a significant detectable level of heparin. CONCLUSION: LDUH given subcutaneously is not associated with significant detectable heparin levels, so epidural anesthesia should be safe when performed 2 hours after LDUH injection in patients who undergo general abdominal surgery in the absence of any other impairment of hemostasis.  (+info)

Massive bleeding from colonic diverticular disease with NSAID use. (3/138)

Non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are not only associated with bleeding in the stomach and duodenum, but can also complicate pre-existing diverticular disease of the colon. Here, a 58 year-old male with severe per rectal bleeding is presented and the role of NSAID as a causative factor of his problem is discussed.  (+info)

Statistical analysis of diverticulosis of the colon. (4/138)

Forty-four cases of diverticulosis of the colon were detected among 2,662 cases examined by barium enema in Tohoku University. This corresponds to 1.7% in frequency. On the other hand, 21 cases were found among 1,511 cases examined in Hirosaki University, giving 1.4% in frequency. It was more frequent in the male. The frequency, as calculated on the basis of the numbers of cases examined by barium enema in separate age groups, showed the gradual increase with age except for above the eighth decade. The location where the diverticulum was most frequently seen was the right colon; namely, cases in which the diverticulum occurred from the cecum to the ascending colon and those in which it was found only in the ascending colon occupied 61.4 and 71.4% of the total cases, respectively. Diverticulitis as a complication was rare, while coincidence of polyp or carcinoma was sometimes observed. Furthermore, the value of fiberscopy for the diagnosis of diverticulosis of the colon was discussed, and its usefulness for the detection of complication was emphasized.  (+info)

Diverticular disease of the large intestine in Northern Norway. (5/138)

In 280 unselected necropsies on patients over 20 years of age in Northern Norway, diverticular disease was present in 25% of the males and 43% of the females. The frequency of diverticular disease increased in both sexes by age. Both the frequency of diverticular disease and the average number of diverticula per case with diverticular disease were higher in females than in males in all age groups. The sigmoid was the most frequent site of diverticula in both sexes and for all ages, and the average number of diverticula per diverticulum-bearing segment was also highest in the sigmoid for all ages and in both sexes. The average number of diverticula in the sigmoid of affected individuals increased with age and with the number of segments involved. Diverticular disease was not associated with adenomas of the large intestine or with malignant or benign neoplasms elsewhere in the body or with any of the common diseases thought to be related to a Western type of diet, except with cerebrovascular disease.  (+info)

Recurrent aphthae: treatment with vitamin B12, folic acid, and iron. (6/138)

A series of 130 consecutive outpatients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis were screened at the oral medicine department, Glasgow Dental Hospital, for deficienciesin vitamin b12, folic acid, and iron. In 23 patients (17.7%) such deficiencies werefound; five were deficient in vitamin B12, seven in folic acid, and 15 in iron. Four had more than one deficiency. Out of 130 controls matched for age and sex 11 (8.5%) were found to have deficiencies. The 23 deficient patients with recurrent aphthaewere treated with specific replacement therapy, and all 130 patients were followed up for at least one year. Of the 23 patients on replacement therapy 15 showed complete remission of ulceration and eight definite improvement. Of the 107 patientswith no deficiency receiving local symptomatic treatment only 33 had a remission or wereimproved. This difference was significant (P less than 0.001). Most patients withproved vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency improved rapidly on replacement therapy;those with iron deficiency showed a less dramatic response. The 23 deficient patientswere further investigated to determine the cause of their deficiencies and detect the presence of any associated conditions. Four were found to have Addisonian perniciousanaemia. Seven had a malabsorption syndrome, which in five proved to be a gluten-induced enteropathy. In addition, there were single patients with idiopathic proctocolitis, diverticular disease of the colon, regional enterocolitis, and adenocarcinoma of thecaecum. We suggest that the high incidence of deficiencies found in this series andthe good response to replacement therapy shows the need for haematological screening of such patients.  (+info)

Diverticular disease and treatment with gastric acid inhibitors do not predispose to peritonitis of enteric origin in peritoneal dialysis patients. (7/138)

OBJECTIVE: Enteric peritonitis (EP) is an infrequent complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD), with severe consequences for peritoneal membrane viability and patient outcome. Factors such as diverticular disease and gastric acid inhibitors have been implicated in its appearance. We investigated several risk factors, including those mentioned below, that can influence the development of EP. DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING: Tertiary-care public university hospital. PATIENTS: Fifty-seven PD patients treated in our PD unit during August 1998. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A barium enema was performed on 50 of the 57 patients (the remaining 7 patients refused it) in order to exclude the presence of diverticulosis. All episodes of peritonitis occurring in those patients, including EP, were registered. Enteric peritonitis was defined as that caused by gram-positive, gram-negative, or fungus micro-organisms that colonized the intestinal tract, excluding episodes secondary to genitourinary tract or peritoneal catheter exit-site infections. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients showed diverticular disease in the barium enema, but only 5 of them (21%) had any EP episode. Five of the 26 patients with no diverticula (19%) had EP. Fifty-five episodes of peritonitis were reported in 21 patients; 15 episodes of EP (27.3% of all) developed in 11 patients. Seven of the 11 patients (64%) required peritoneal catheter removal and 3 of them (27%) finally were transferred to hemodialysis due to consequences of the EP episode. Logistic regression analysis did not find any of the independent variables analyzed (age, sex, time on PD, type of PD, peritoneal transport parameters, presence of polycystic kidney disease, constipation or diverticulosis, or treatment with gastric acid inhibitors, or phosphate-binding agents) to be risk factors for developing EP. CONCLUSIONS: Neither diverticulosis nor treatment with gastric acid inhibitors seem to be risk factors for developing peritonitis of enteric origin in PD patients. This type of peritonitis has to be promptly identified and treated in order to diminish the high frequency of peritoneal catheter removal and PD dropout due to such episodes.  (+info)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and perforated diverticular disease: a case-control study. (8/138)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have a wide range of side-effects in the gastrointestinal tract and the large intestine. This study examines the hypothesis that the use of NSAIDs is associated with colonic perforation in diverticular disease. Histological evidence was used to confirm perforation. A retrospective review of case records and pathology reports identified 20 patients admitted over 3 consecutive years. A total of 125 age- and sex-matched patients diagnosed with diverticular disease not complicated by perforation formed the control group. The incidences of NSAID use in the two groups were compared. A second control group consisted of 600 age- and sex-matched randomly selected patients with no known diverticular disease admitted as emergencies in the same period. Of the 20 patients with perforation, 9 were taking NSAIDs for 4 weeks or longer, compared with 19 (15%) of the 125 patients who did not have perforation (relative risk 2.961, 95% confidence interval 1.507-5.348, P < 0.01). 19% of all patients with diverticular disease were taking NSAIDs compared with 10% of the second control group (relative risk 1.869, 95% confidence interval 1.237-2.781, P < 0.01). The findings indicate a strong association between the use of NSAIDs and the perforation of colonic diverticula. The majority of the indications for the use of NSAIDs were cardiovascular and musculoskeletal conditions. Prescribing NSAIDs to patients with diverticular disease carries an increased risk of colonic perforation.  (+info)

A diverticulum is a small sac or pouch that forms as a result of a weakness in the wall of a hollow organ, such as the intestine. These sacs can become inflamed or infected, leading to conditions like diverticulitis. Diverticula are common in the large intestine, particularly in the colon, and are more likely to develop with age. They are usually asymptomatic but can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, or diarrhea if they become inflamed or infected.

Meckel's diverticulum is a congenital condition in which a small pouch-like structure protrudes from the wall of the intestine, typically located on the lower portion of the small intestine, near the junction with the large intestine. It is a remnant of the omphalomesenteric duct, which is a vestigial structure that connects the fetal gut to the yolk sac during embryonic development.

Meckel's diverticulum is usually asymptomatic and goes unnoticed. However, in some cases, it can become inflamed or infected, leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and blood in the stool. This condition is more common in males than females and is typically diagnosed in children under the age of 2. If left untreated, Meckel's diverticulum can lead to complications such as intestinal obstruction, perforation, or bleeding, which may require surgical intervention.

An esophageal diverticulum is a small pouch or sac that forms as a result of a protrusion or herniation of the inner lining (mucosa) of the esophagus through the outer layer of muscle in the wall of the esophagus. Esophageal diverticula can occur in any part of the esophagus, but they are most commonly found in the lower third of the esophagus, near the junction with the stomach.

Esophageal diverticula may be congenital (present at birth) or acquired (develop later in life). Acquired esophageal diverticula are often associated with underlying conditions such as esophageal motility disorders, strictures, or tumors that increase the pressure inside the esophagus and cause the mucosa to bulge out through weakened areas of the esophageal wall.

Symptoms of esophageal diverticula may include difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), regurgitation of undigested food, chest pain, heartburn, and recurrent respiratory infections due to aspiration of food or saliva into the lungs. Treatment options for esophageal diverticula depend on the size and location of the diverticulum, as well as the presence of any underlying conditions. Small asymptomatic diverticula may not require treatment, while larger symptomatic diverticula may be treated with surgical removal or endoscopic repair.

A diverticulum of the colon is a small sac or pouch that forms in the wall of the large intestine (colon). These sacs usually develop in areas where the blood vessels pass through the muscle layer of the colon, creating a weak spot that eventually bulges outward. Diverticula can occur anywhere along the length of the colon, but they are most commonly found in the lower part of the colon, also known as the sigmoid colon.

Diverticula themselves are not harmful and often do not cause any symptoms. However, when these sacs become inflamed or infected, it can lead to a condition called diverticulitis, which can cause pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, constipation, or diarrhea. Diverticulitis is usually treated with antibiotics and a liquid diet, but in severe cases, surgery may be required.

Risk factors for developing colonic diverticula include aging, obesity, smoking, low fiber intake, and lack of physical activity. Regular screening is recommended for individuals over the age of 50 to detect and prevent complications associated with diverticular disease.

A diverticulum is a small sac or pouch that forms as a result of a weakness in the wall of an organ. When it comes to the stomach, a diverticulum is a rare condition and can occur anywhere along the stomach wall. It is usually asymptomatic but can sometimes cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, or difficulty swallowing if it becomes inflamed or obstructed.

Gastric diverticula are usually found incidentally during imaging studies or endoscopies performed for other reasons. In some cases, they may require treatment, such as antibiotics to treat any associated infection, or surgery to remove the diverticulum if it is causing persistent symptoms or complications.

It's worth noting that gastric diverticula are different from more common conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or peptic ulcers, which can also cause similar symptoms. Therefore, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional if you experience any of these symptoms for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

Duodenal diseases refer to a range of medical conditions that affect the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine. Here are some examples of duodenal diseases:

1. Duodenitis: This is inflammation of the duodenum, which can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and bloating. Duodenitis can be caused by bacterial or viral infections, excessive use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or chronic inflammation due to conditions like Crohn's disease.
2. Peptic ulcers: These are sores that develop in the lining of the duodenum, usually as a result of infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria or long-term use of NSAIDs. Symptoms can include abdominal pain, bloating, and heartburn.
3. Duodenal cancer: This is a rare type of cancer that affects the duodenum. Symptoms can include abdominal pain, weight loss, and blood in the stool.
4. Celiac disease: This is an autoimmune disorder that causes the immune system to attack the lining of the small intestine in response to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. This can lead to inflammation and damage to the duodenum.
5. Duodenal diverticulosis: This is a condition in which small pouches form in the lining of the duodenum. While many people with duodenal diverticulosis do not experience symptoms, some may develop complications such as inflammation or infection.
6. Duodenal atresia: This is a congenital condition in which the duodenum does not form properly, leading to blockage of the intestine. This can cause symptoms such as vomiting and difficulty feeding in newborns.

Diverticulitis is a medical condition characterized by the inflammation or infection of one or more diverticula, which are small pouches that form in the wall of the colon (large intestine). The condition most commonly affects the sigmoid colon, which is the part of the colon located in the lower left abdomen.

Diverticulitis occurs when these pouches become inflamed or infected, often as a result of a small piece of stool or undigested food getting trapped inside them. This can cause symptoms such as:

* Severe abdominal pain and tenderness, particularly in the lower left side of the abdomen
* Fever and chills
* Nausea and vomiting
* Constipation or diarrhea
* Bloating and gas
* Loss of appetite

Diverticulitis can range from mild to severe, and in some cases, it may require hospitalization and surgery. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to clear the infection, as well as a liquid diet to allow the colon to rest and heal. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the affected portion of the colon.

Jejunal diseases refer to a range of medical conditions that affect the jejunum, which is the middle section of the small intestine. These diseases can cause various symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. Some examples of jejunal diseases include:

1. Jejunal inflammation or infection (jejunitis)
2. Crohn's disease, which can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract including the jejunum
3. Intestinal lymphoma, a type of cancer that can develop in the small intestine
4. Celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder that causes damage to the small intestine when gluten is consumed
5. Intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), which can occur due to various reasons including structural abnormalities or motility disorders of the jejunum
6. Meckel's diverticulum, a congenital condition where a small pouch protrudes from the wall of the intestine, usually located in the ileum but can also affect the jejunum
7. Intestinal strictures or obstructions caused by scarring, adhesions, or tumors
8. Radiation enteritis, damage to the small intestine caused by radiation therapy for cancer treatment.

The diagnosis and management of jejunal diseases depend on the specific condition and its severity. Treatment options may include medications, dietary modifications, surgery, or a combination of these approaches.

Intestinal perforation is a medical condition that refers to a hole or tear in the lining of the intestine. This can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract, including the small intestine, large intestine (colon), or stomach. Intestinal perforation allows the contents of the intestines, such as digestive enzymes and bacteria, to leak into the abdominal cavity, which can lead to a serious inflammatory response known as peritonitis.

Intestinal perforation can be caused by various factors, including:

* Mechanical trauma (e.g., gunshot wounds, stab wounds)
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis)
* Diverticulitis
* Appendicitis
* Intestinal obstruction
* Infections (e.g., typhoid fever, tuberculosis)
* Certain medications (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids)
* Radiation therapy
* Ischemic bowel disease (lack of blood flow to the intestines)

Symptoms of intestinal perforation may include sudden abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and decreased bowel movements. Treatment typically involves surgery to repair the perforation and remove any damaged tissue. Antibiotics are also administered to prevent infection. In severe cases, a temporary or permanent colostomy or ileostomy may be necessary.

The sigmoid colon is a part of the large intestine that forms an "S"-shaped curve before it joins the rectum. It gets its name from its unique shape, which resembles the Greek letter sigma (σ). The main function of the sigmoid colon is to store stool temporarily and assist in the absorption of water and electrolytes from digestive waste before it is eliminated from the body.

A kidney calculus, also known as a kidney stone or nephrolith, is a solid concretion or crystal aggregation that forms in the kidney from minerals in urine. These calculi can vary in size and location within the urinary tract. They can cause pain, bleeding, infection, or blockage of the urinary system if they become too large to pass through the urinary tract.

Calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate are the most common types of kidney calculi. Other less common types include uric acid stones, struvite stones, and cystine stones. The formation of kidney calculi can be influenced by various factors such as diet, dehydration, family history, medical conditions (e.g., gout, hyperparathyroidism), and certain medications.

Urethral diseases refer to a range of conditions that affect the urethra, which is the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. These diseases can cause various symptoms such as pain or discomfort during urination, difficulty in urinating, blood in urine, and abnormal discharge. Some common urethral diseases include urethritis (inflammation of the urethra), urethral stricture (narrowing of the urethra due to scar tissue or inflammation), and urethral cancer. The causes of urethral diseases can vary, including infections, injuries, congenital abnormalities, and certain medical conditions. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing urethral diseases and preventing complications.

Colonic neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the large intestine, also known as the colon. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). The two most common types of colonic neoplasms are adenomas and carcinomas.

Adenomas are benign tumors that can develop into cancer over time if left untreated. They are often found during routine colonoscopies and can be removed during the procedure.

Carcinomas, on the other hand, are malignant tumors that invade surrounding tissues and can spread to other parts of the body. Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, and colonic neoplasms are a significant risk factor for developing this type of cancer.

Regular screenings for colonic neoplasms are recommended for individuals over the age of 50 or those with a family history of colorectal cancer or other risk factors. Early detection and removal of colonic neoplasms can significantly reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer.

Diverticulitis, Colonic is a medical condition characterized by the inflammation or infection of one or more diverticula in the colon. Diverticula are small, bulging pouches that form in the wall of the colon, usually in older adults. They are caused by increased pressure on weakened areas of the colon wall, resulting in the formation of these sac-like protrusions.

When diverticula become inflamed or infected, it leads to the condition known as diverticulitis. Symptoms of colonic diverticulitis may include abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, and a decreased appetite. In severe cases, complications such as perforation, abscess formation, or peritonitis (inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity) may occur, requiring hospitalization and surgical intervention.

The exact cause of diverticulitis is not fully understood, but it is believed to be associated with a low-fiber diet, obesity, smoking, and lack of exercise. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to clear the infection, a liquid diet to allow the colon to rest, and over-the-counter or prescription pain medications to manage discomfort. In severe cases or in patients who experience recurrent episodes of diverticulitis, surgery may be necessary to remove the affected portion of the colon.

Intestinal obstruction, also known as bowel obstruction, is a medical condition characterized by a blockage that prevents the normal flow of contents through the small intestine or large intestine (colon). This blockage can be caused by various factors such as tumors, adhesions (scar tissue), hernias, inflammation, or impacted feces.

The obstruction can be mechanical, where something physically blocks the intestinal lumen, or functional, where the normal muscular contractions of the bowel are impaired. Mechanical obstructions are more common than functional ones.

Symptoms of intestinal obstruction may include abdominal pain and cramping, nausea and vomiting, bloating, inability to pass gas or have a bowel movement, and abdominal distention. If left untreated, intestinal obstruction can lead to serious complications such as tissue death (necrosis), perforation of the intestine, and sepsis. Treatment typically involves hospitalization, intravenous fluids, nasogastric decompression, and possibly surgery to remove the obstruction.

Gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage is a term used to describe any bleeding that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. The bleeding can range from mild to severe and can produce symptoms such as vomiting blood, passing black or tarry stools, or having low blood pressure.

GI hemorrhage can be classified as either upper or lower, depending on the location of the bleed. Upper GI hemorrhage refers to bleeding that occurs above the ligament of Treitz, which is a point in the small intestine where it becomes narrower and turns a corner. Common causes of upper GI hemorrhage include gastritis, ulcers, esophageal varices, and Mallory-Weiss tears.

Lower GI hemorrhage refers to bleeding that occurs below the ligament of Treitz. Common causes of lower GI hemorrhage include diverticulosis, colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and vascular abnormalities such as angiodysplasia.

The diagnosis of GI hemorrhage is often made based on the patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as endoscopy, CT scan, or radionuclide scanning. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the bleeding and may include medications, endoscopic procedures, surgery, or a combination of these approaches.

Ileal neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the ileum, which is the final portion of the small intestine. These growths can be benign or malignant (cancerous). Common types of ileal neoplasms include:

1. Adenomas: These are benign tumors that can develop in the ileum and have the potential to become cancerous over time if not removed.
2. Carcinoids: These are slow-growing neuroendocrine tumors that typically start in the ileum. They can produce hormones that cause symptoms such as diarrhea, flushing, and heart problems.
3. Adenocarcinomas: These are malignant tumors that develop from the glandular cells lining the ileum. They are relatively rare but can be aggressive and require prompt treatment.
4. Lymphomas: These are cancers that start in the immune system cells found in the ileum's lining. They can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss.
5. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs): These are rare tumors that develop from the connective tissue of the ileum's wall. While most GISTs are benign, some can be malignant and require treatment.

It is important to note that early detection and treatment of ileal neoplasms can significantly improve outcomes and prognosis. Regular screenings and check-ups with a healthcare provider are recommended for individuals at higher risk for developing these growths.

Transhepatic sphincterotomy is a medical procedure that involves the incision or cutting of the papilla of Vater, which is a small muscular structure located at the junction of the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct, with the ampulla of Vater, within the second part of the duodenum. This procedure is performed using a special type of endoscope that is passed through the liver (transhepatically) to access the bile ducts.

The goal of transhepatic sphincterotomy is to relieve obstructions or blockages in the bile ducts, such as gallstones or tumors, that cannot be removed using other endoscopic techniques. This procedure is typically performed by an interventional radiologist or a gastroenterologist with specialized training in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

Transhepatic sphincterotomy is considered a higher-risk procedure than traditional ERCP sphincterotomy due to the need for liver puncture and the potential complications associated with this approach, including bleeding, infection, and injury to surrounding organs. However, it may be necessary in certain situations where traditional ERCP is not feasible or has failed.

The descending colon is a part of the large intestine in the human digestive system. It is called "descending" because it is located inferiorly and posteriorly to the transverse colon, and its direction goes downward as it continues toward the rectum. The descending colon receives digested food material from the transverse colon via the splenic flexure, also known as the left colic flexure.

The primary function of the descending colon is to absorb water, electrolytes, and any remaining nutrients from the undigested food materials that have passed through the small intestine. The descending colon also stores this waste material temporarily before it moves into the rectum for eventual elimination from the body.

The descending colon's wall contains a layer of smooth muscle, which helps propel the waste material along the gastrointestinal tract via peristalsis. Additionally, the inner mucosal lining of the descending colon contains numerous goblet cells that produce and secrete mucus to lubricate the passage of stool and protect the intestinal wall from irritation or damage caused by waste materials.

In summary, the medical definition of 'Colon, Descending' refers to a section of the large intestine responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes while storing and eliminating waste materials through peristaltic movements and mucus secretion.

A choristoma is a type of growth that occurs when normally functioning tissue is found in an abnormal location within the body. It is not cancerous or harmful, but it can cause problems if it presses on surrounding structures or causes symptoms. Choristomas are typically congenital, meaning they are present at birth, and are thought to occur due to developmental errors during embryonic growth. They can be found in various organs and tissues throughout the body, including the brain, eye, skin, and gastrointestinal tract.

"Sigmoid diseases" is not a widely recognized medical term. However, the sigmoid colon is a part of the large intestine, and it can be affected by various conditions such as:

1. Sigmoid diverticulitis: Inflammation or infection of small pouches (diverticula) that form on the wall of the sigmoid colon.
2. Sigmoid volvulus: Twisting of the sigmoid colon on itself, which can lead to obstruction and ischemia.
3. Sigmoid cancer: Malignant tumor arising from the epithelial cells lining the sigmoid colon.
4. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): Chronic inflammation of the intestine, including the sigmoid colon, that can lead to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss.
5. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): Functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits, which can affect the sigmoid colon.

Therefore, "sigmoid diseases" could refer to any of these conditions or others that specifically affect the sigmoid colon.

Barium sulfate is a medication that is commonly used as a contrast material in medical imaging procedures, such as X-rays and CT scans. It works by coating the inside of the digestive tract, making it visible on an X-ray or CT scan and allowing doctors to see detailed images of the stomach, intestines, and other parts of the digestive system.

Barium sulfate is a white, chalky powder that is mixed with water to create a thick, milky liquid. It is generally safe and does not cause significant side effects when used in medical imaging procedures. However, it should not be taken by individuals who have a known allergy to barium or who have certain digestive conditions, such as obstructions or perforations of the bowel.

It's important to note that while barium sulfate is an important tool for medical diagnosis, it is not a treatment for any medical condition and should only be used under the direction of a healthcare professional.

The appendix is a small, tube-like structure that projects from the large intestine, located in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen. Its function in humans is not well understood and is often considered vestigial, meaning it no longer serves a necessary purpose. However, in some animals, the appendix plays a role in the immune system. Inflammation of the appendix, known as appendicitis, can cause severe abdominal pain and requires medical attention, often leading to surgical removal of the appendix (appendectomy).

Urinary bladder diseases refer to a range of conditions that affect the urinary bladder, a muscular sac located in the pelvis that stores urine before it is excreted from the body. These diseases can impair the bladder's ability to store or empty urine properly, leading to various symptoms and complications. Here are some common urinary bladder diseases with their medical definitions:

1. Cystitis: This is an inflammation of the bladder, often caused by bacterial infections (known as UTI - Urinary Tract Infection). However, it can also be triggered by irritants, radiation therapy, or chemical exposure.
2. Overactive Bladder (OAB): A group of symptoms that include urgency, frequency, and, in some cases, urge incontinence. The bladder muscle contracts excessively, causing a strong, sudden desire to urinate.
3. Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS): A chronic bladder condition characterized by pain, pressure, or discomfort in the bladder and pelvic region, often accompanied by urinary frequency and urgency. Unlike cystitis, IC/BPS is not caused by infection, but its exact cause remains unknown.
4. Bladder Cancer: The abnormal growth of cancerous cells within the bladder lining or muscle. It can present as non-muscle-invasive (superficial) or muscle-invasive, depending on whether the tumor has grown into the bladder muscle.
5. Bladder Diverticula: Small sac-like pouches that form in the bladder lining and protrude outward through its wall. These may result from increased bladder pressure due to conditions like OAB or an enlarged prostate.
6. Neurogenic Bladder: A condition where nerve damage or dysfunction affects the bladder's ability to store or empty urine properly. This can lead to symptoms such as incontinence, urgency, and retention.
7. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Although not a bladder disease itself, BPH is a common condition in older men where the prostate gland enlarges, putting pressure on the bladder and urethra, leading to urinary symptoms like frequency, urgency, and hesitancy.

Understanding these various bladder conditions can help individuals identify potential issues early on and seek appropriate medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Ileal diseases refer to conditions that primarily affect the ileum, which is the final portion of the small intestine. The ileum plays a crucial role in nutrient absorption, particularly vitamin B12 and bile salts. Ileal diseases can cause various symptoms, including diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, and malnutrition, depending on their nature and extent. Some common ileal diseases include:

1. Crohn's disease: A type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, including the ileum. Crohn's disease causes chronic inflammation, which can lead to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fatigue.
2. Celiac disease: An autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion in genetically susceptible individuals. In celiac disease, the immune system attacks the lining of the small intestine, including the ileum, causing inflammation and impaired nutrient absorption.
3. Intestinal tuberculosis: A bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, including the ileum. Intestinal tuberculosis can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss.
4. Typhlitis: Also known as neutropenic enterocolitis, typhlitis is an inflammatory condition that affects the cecum and terminal ileum, typically in immunocompromised individuals. It can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, fever, and diarrhea.
5. Meckel's diverticulum: A congenital condition characterized by a small pouch protruding from the wall of the ileum. While many people with Meckel's diverticulum do not experience symptoms, it can sometimes become inflamed or bleed, causing abdominal pain and rectal bleeding.
6. Lymphoma: A type of cancer that originates in the lymphatic system and can affect any part of the body, including the ileum. Ileal lymphoma can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss.

Diverticulosis, colonic is a medical condition characterized by the presence of small sacs or pouches (diverticula) that form on the outer wall of the large intestine (colon). These sacs are usually found in the sigmoid colon, which is the part of the colon that is closest to the rectum.

Diverticulosis occurs when the inner layer of the colon's muscle pushes through weak spots in the outer layer of the colon wall, creating small pockets or sacs. The exact cause of diverticulosis is not known, but it may be associated with a low-fiber diet, aging, and increased pressure in the colon.

Most people with diverticulosis do not experience any symptoms, and the condition is often discovered during routine screening exams or when complications arise. However, some people may experience cramping, bloating, and changes in bowel habits.

Diverticulosis can lead to complications such as inflammation (diverticulitis), bleeding, and infection. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, fever, or rectal bleeding, as these may be signs of a more serious condition.

Treatment for diverticulosis typically involves making dietary changes, increasing fiber intake, and taking medications to manage symptoms. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove affected portions of the colon.

Surgical stapling is a medical technique that uses specialized staplers to place linear staple lines to close surgical incisions, connect or remove organs and tissues during surgical procedures. Surgical staples are made of titanium or stainless steel and can be absorbable or non-absorbable. They provide secure, fast, and accurate wound closure, reducing the risk of infection and promoting faster healing compared to traditional suturing methods.

The surgical stapler consists of a handle, an anvil, and a cartridge containing multiple staples. The device is loaded with staple cartridges and used to approximate tissue edges before deploying the staples. Once the staples are placed, the stapler is removed, leaving the staple line in place.

Surgical stapling has various applications, including gastrointestinal anastomosis, lung resection, vascular anastomosis, and skin closure. It is widely used in different types of surgeries, such as open, laparoscopic, and robotic-assisted procedures. The use of surgical stapling requires proper training and expertise to ensure optimal patient outcomes.

Deglutition disorders, also known as swallowing disorders, are conditions that affect the ability to move food or liquids from the mouth to the stomach safely and efficiently. These disorders can occur at any stage of the swallowing process, which includes oral preparation (chewing and manipulating food in the mouth), pharyngeal phase (activating muscles and structures in the throat to move food toward the esophagus), and esophageal phase (relaxing and contracting the esophagus to propel food into the stomach).

Symptoms of deglutition disorders may include coughing or choking during or after eating, difficulty initiating a swallow, food sticking in the throat or chest, regurgitation, unexplained weight loss, and aspiration (inhaling food or liquids into the lungs), which can lead to pneumonia.

Deglutition disorders can be caused by various factors, such as neurological conditions (e.g., stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis), structural abnormalities (e.g., narrowing or blockage of the esophagus), muscle weakness or dysfunction, and cognitive or behavioral issues. Treatment for deglutition disorders may involve dietary modifications, swallowing exercises, medications, or surgical interventions, depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition.

The digestive system is a series of organs that work together to convert food into nutrients and energy. Digestive system surgical procedures involve operations on any part of the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. These procedures can be performed for a variety of reasons, such as to treat diseases, repair damage, or remove cancerous growths.

Some common digestive system surgical procedures include:

1. Gastric bypass surgery: A procedure in which the stomach is divided into two parts and the smaller part is connected directly to the small intestine, bypassing a portion of the stomach and upper small intestine. This procedure is used to treat severe obesity.
2. Colonoscopy: A procedure in which a flexible tube with a camera on the end is inserted into the rectum and colon to examine the lining for polyps, cancer, or other abnormalities.
3. Colectomy: A procedure in which all or part of the colon is removed, often due to cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or diverticulitis.
4. Gastrostomy: A procedure in which a hole is made through the abdominal wall and into the stomach to create an opening for feeding. This is often done for patients who have difficulty swallowing.
5. Esophagectomy: A procedure in which all or part of the esophagus is removed, often due to cancer. The remaining esophagus is then reconnected to the stomach or small intestine.
6. Liver resection: A procedure in which a portion of the liver is removed, often due to cancer or other diseases.
7. Pancreatectomy: A procedure in which all or part of the pancreas is removed, often due to cancer or chronic pancreatitis.
8. Cholecystectomy: A procedure in which the gallbladder is removed, often due to gallstones or inflammation.

These are just a few examples of digestive system surgical procedures. There are many other types of operations that can be performed on the digestive system depending on the specific needs and condition of each patient.

"Calculi" is a medical term that refers to abnormal concretions or hard masses formed within the body, usually in hollow organs or cavities. These masses are typically composed of minerals such as calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, or magnesium ammonium phosphate, and can vary in size from tiny granules to large stones. The plural form of the Latin word "calculus" (meaning "pebble"), calculi are commonly known as "stones." They can occur in various locations within the body, including the kidneys, gallbladder, urinary bladder, and prostate gland. The presence of calculi can cause a range of symptoms, such as pain, obstruction, infection, or inflammation, depending on their size, location, and composition.

The subclavian artery is a major blood vessel that supplies the upper limb and important structures in the neck and head. It arises from the brachiocephalic trunk (in the case of the right subclavian artery) or directly from the aortic arch (in the case of the left subclavian artery).

The subclavian artery has several branches, including:

1. The vertebral artery, which supplies blood to the brainstem and cerebellum.
2. The internal thoracic artery (also known as the mammary artery), which supplies blood to the chest wall, breast, and anterior mediastinum.
3. The thyrocervical trunk, which gives rise to several branches that supply the neck, including the inferior thyroid artery, the suprascapular artery, and the transverse cervical artery.
4. The costocervical trunk, which supplies blood to the neck and upper back, including the posterior chest wall and the lower neck muscles.

The subclavian artery is a critical vessel in maintaining adequate blood flow to the upper limb, and any blockage or damage to this vessel can lead to significant morbidity, including arm pain, numbness, weakness, or even loss of function.

A urinary bladder fistula is an abnormal connection or passage between the urinary bladder and another organ or structure, such as the skin, intestine, or vagina. This condition can result from various factors, including surgery, injury, infection, inflammation, radiation therapy, or malignancy.

Bladder fistulas may lead to symptoms like continuous leakage of urine through the skin, frequent urinary tract infections, and fecal matter in the urine (when the fistula involves the intestine). The diagnosis typically involves imaging tests, such as a CT scan or cystogram, while treatment often requires surgical repair of the fistula.

A laparotomy is a surgical procedure that involves making an incision in the abdominal wall to gain access to the abdominal cavity. This procedure is typically performed to diagnose and treat various conditions such as abdominal trauma, tumors, infections, or inflammatory diseases. The size of the incision can vary depending on the reason for the surgery and the extent of the condition being treated. Once the procedure is complete, the incision is closed with sutures or staples.

The term "laparotomy" comes from the Greek words "lapara," which means "flank" or "side," and "tome," which means "to cut." Together, they describe the surgical procedure that involves cutting into the abdomen to examine its contents.

Double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) is a medical procedure used to examine the small intestine, which is difficult to reach with traditional endoscopes due to its length and twists and turns. DBE uses a specialized endoscope with two inflatable balloons on its tip. The endoscope is inserted through the mouth or the rectum and advanced slowly into the small intestine while alternately inflating and deflating the balloons to help move the endoscope forward and provide better visualization of the intestinal lining.

DBE can be used for diagnostic purposes, such as evaluating obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, Crohn's disease, tumors, or polyps in the small intestine. It can also be used for therapeutic interventions, such as removing polyps, taking biopsies, or placing feeding tubes.

The procedure is usually done under sedation and takes several hours to complete. While it is considered a safe procedure, potential risks include perforation of the intestinal wall, bleeding, and adverse reactions to the anesthesia.

Incidental findings are diagnoses or conditions that are discovered unintentionally while evaluating a patient for a different condition or symptom. These findings are not related to the primary reason for the medical examination, investigation, or procedure. They can occur in various contexts such as radiology studies, laboratory tests, or physical examinations.

Incidental findings can sometimes lead to further evaluation and management, depending on their nature and potential clinical significance. However, they also pose challenges related to communication, informed consent, and potential patient anxiety or harm. Therefore, it is essential to have clear guidelines for managing incidental findings in clinical practice.

Intussusception is a medical condition in which a part of the intestine telescopes into an adjacent section, leading to bowel obstruction and reduced blood flow. It often affects children under 3 years old but can also occur in adults. If not treated promptly, it can result in serious complications such as perforation, peritonitis, or even death. The exact cause is usually unknown, but it may be associated with infections, intestinal disorders, or tumors.

Colonic diseases refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the colon, also known as the large intestine or large bowel. The colon is the final segment of the digestive system, responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes, and storing and eliminating waste products.

Some common colonic diseases include:

1. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): This includes conditions such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, which cause inflammation and irritation in the lining of the digestive tract.
2. Diverticular disease: This occurs when small pouches called diverticula form in the walls of the colon, leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel movements.
3. Colorectal cancer: This is a type of cancer that develops in the colon or rectum, often starting as benign polyps that grow and become malignant over time.
4. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): This is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel movements, but without any underlying structural or inflammatory causes.
5. Constipation: This is a common condition characterized by infrequent bowel movements, difficulty passing stools, or both.
6. Infectious colitis: This occurs when the colon becomes infected with bacteria, viruses, or parasites, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever.

Treatment for colonic diseases varies depending on the specific condition and its severity. Treatment options may include medications, lifestyle changes, surgery, or a combination of these approaches.

Urinary bladder calculi, also known as bladder stones, refer to the formation of solid mineral deposits within the urinary bladder. These calculi develop when urine becomes concentrated, allowing minerals to crystallize and stick together, forming a stone. Bladder stones can vary in size, ranging from tiny sand-like particles to larger ones that can occupy a significant portion of the bladder's volume.

Bladder stones typically form as a result of underlying urinary tract issues, such as bladder infection, enlarged prostate, nerve damage, or urinary retention. Symptoms may include lower abdominal pain, difficulty urinating, frequent urination, blood in the urine, and sudden, strong urges to urinate. If left untreated, bladder stones can lead to complications like urinary tract infections and kidney damage. Treatment usually involves surgical removal of the stones or using other minimally invasive procedures to break them up and remove the fragments.

Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m is a radioactive pharmaceutical preparation used in medical diagnostic imaging. It is a technetium-99m radiopharmaceutical, where technetium-99m is a metastable nuclear isomer of technetium-99, which emits gamma rays and has a half-life of 6 hours. Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m is used as a contrast agent in various diagnostic procedures, such as imaging of the thyroid, salivary glands, or the brain, to evaluate conditions like inflammation, tumors, or abnormalities in blood flow. It is typically administered intravenously, and its short half-life ensures that the radiation exposure is limited.

The ascending colon is the first part of the large intestine, which is the portion of the digestive system that follows the small intestine. It is called "ascending" because it travels upward from the right side of the abdomen toward the underside of the liver. The primary function of the ascending colon is to absorb water and electrolytes from digested food and prepare waste for elimination.

An esophagogastroduodenoscope, often referred to as an "esophagogastroscopy" or simply "esophagoscope," is a medical device used for visual examination of the upper digestive tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. It is a long, flexible tube with a light and camera at the end, which allows doctors to see detailed images of the inside of these organs and diagnose various conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, and cancer. The procedure of using an esophagogastroduodenoscope is called an "esophagogastroduodenoscopy" or "EGD."

An enema is a medical procedure in which liquid is introduced into the lower part of the large intestine, specifically the sigmoid colon or rectum, through the anus using a special device called an enema kit. The liquid used can be plain water, saline solution, or a medicated solution, and it is typically retained for a short period of time before being expelled.

The purpose of an enema may vary, but it is often used to relieve constipation, prepare the bowel for medical procedures such as colonoscopy, or administer medications or nutrients that cannot be taken by mouth. Enemas can also be used for therapeutic purposes, such as to stimulate the immune system or promote relaxation.

It is important to follow proper instructions when administering an enema to avoid injury or discomfort. Possible side effects of enemas may include cramping, bloating, nausea, or electrolyte imbalances. If you have any health concerns or conditions that may be affected by an enema, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before using one.

X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging method that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of the body. These cross-sectional images can then be used to display detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body.

The term "computed tomography" is used instead of "CT scan" or "CAT scan" because the machines take a series of X-ray measurements from different angles around the body and then use a computer to process these data to create detailed images of internal structures within the body.

CT scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT imaging provides detailed information about many types of tissue including lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT examinations can be performed on every part of the body for a variety of reasons including diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses.

In computed tomography (CT), an X-ray source and detector rotate around the patient, measuring the X-ray attenuation at many different angles. A computer uses this data to construct a cross-sectional image by the process of reconstruction. This technique is called "tomography". The term "computed" refers to the use of a computer to reconstruct the images.

CT has become an important tool in medical imaging and diagnosis, allowing radiologists and other physicians to view detailed internal images of the body. It can help identify many different medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, lung nodules, liver tumors, and internal injuries from trauma. CT is also commonly used for guiding biopsies and other minimally invasive procedures.

In summary, X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body, allowing physicians to diagnose and treat medical conditions.

Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure that involves the insertion of a laparoscope, which is a thin tube with a light and camera attached to it, through small incisions in the abdomen. This allows the surgeon to view the internal organs without making large incisions. It's commonly used to diagnose and treat various conditions such as endometriosis, ovarian cysts, infertility, and appendicitis. The advantages of laparoscopy over traditional open surgery include smaller incisions, less pain, shorter hospital stays, and quicker recovery times.

Gallstones are small, hard deposits that form in the gallbladder, a small organ located under the liver. They can range in size from as small as a grain of sand to as large as a golf ball. Gallstones can be made of cholesterol, bile pigments, or calcium salts, or a combination of these substances.

There are two main types of gallstones: cholesterol stones and pigment stones. Cholesterol stones are the most common type and are usually yellow-green in color. They form when there is too much cholesterol in the bile, which causes it to become saturated and form crystals that eventually grow into stones. Pigment stones are smaller and darker in color, ranging from brown to black. They form when there is an excess of bilirubin, a waste product produced by the breakdown of red blood cells, in the bile.

Gallstones can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and bloating, especially after eating fatty foods. In some cases, gallstones can lead to serious complications, such as inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis), infection, or blockage of the bile ducts, which can cause jaundice, a yellowing of the skin and eyes.

The exact cause of gallstones is not fully understood, but risk factors include being female, older age, obesity, a family history of gallstones, rapid weight loss, diabetes, and certain medical conditions such as cirrhosis or sickle cell anemia. Treatment for gallstones may involve medication to dissolve the stones, shock wave therapy to break them up, or surgery to remove the gallbladder.

The ampulla of Vater, also known as hepatopancreatic ampulla, is a dilated portion of the common bile duct where it joins the main pancreatic duct and empties into the second part of the duodenum. It serves as a conduit for both bile from the liver and digestive enzymes from the pancreas to reach the small intestine, facilitating the digestion and absorption of nutrients. The ampulla of Vater is surrounded by a muscular sphincter, the sphincter of Oddi, which controls the flow of these secretions into the duodenum.

A colonoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the large intestine, also known as the colon and rectum. It is performed using a flexible tube with a tiny camera on the end, called a colonoscope, which is inserted into the rectum and gently guided through the entire length of the colon.

The procedure allows doctors to visually inspect the lining of the colon for any abnormalities such as polyps, ulcers, inflammation, or cancer. If any polyps are found during the procedure, they can be removed immediately using special tools passed through the colonoscope. Colonoscopy is an important tool in the prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer, which is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide.

Patients are usually given a sedative to help them relax during the procedure, which is typically performed on an outpatient basis in a hospital or clinic setting. The entire procedure usually takes about 30-60 minutes to complete, although patients should plan to spend several hours at the medical facility for preparation and recovery.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

MedlinePlus is not a medical term, but rather a consumer health website that provides high-quality, accurate, and reliable health information, written in easy-to-understand language. It is produced by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, the world's largest medical library, and is widely recognized as a trusted source of health information.

MedlinePlus offers information on various health topics, including conditions, diseases, tests, treatments, and wellness. It also provides access to drug information, medical dictionary, and encyclopedia, as well as links to clinical trials, medical news, and patient organizations. The website is available in both English and Spanish and can be accessed for free.

An abscess is a localized collection of pus caused by an infection. It is typically characterized by inflammation, redness, warmth, pain, and swelling in the affected area. Abscesses can form in various parts of the body, including the skin, teeth, lungs, brain, and abdominal organs. They are usually treated with antibiotics to eliminate the infection and may require drainage if they are large or located in a critical area. If left untreated, an abscess can lead to serious complications such as sepsis or organ failure.

An abdominal abscess is a localized collection of pus in the abdominal cavity, caused by an infection. It can occur as a result of complications from surgery, trauma, or inflammatory conditions such as appendicitis or diverticulitis. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, fever, and tenderness at the site of the abscess. Abdominal abscesses can be serious and require medical treatment, which may include antibiotics, drainage of the abscess, or surgery.

A brain abscess is a localized collection of pus in the brain that is caused by an infection. It can develop as a result of a bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infection that spreads to the brain from another part of the body or from an infection that starts in the brain itself (such as from a head injury or surgery).

The symptoms of a brain abscess may include headache, fever, confusion, seizures, weakness or numbness on one side of the body, and changes in vision, speech, or behavior. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to treat the infection, as well as surgical drainage of the abscess to relieve pressure on the brain.

It is a serious medical condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent potentially life-threatening complications such as brain herniation or permanent neurological damage.

A liver abscess is a localized collection of pus within the liver tissue caused by an infection. It can result from various sources such as bacterial or amebic infections that spread through the bloodstream, bile ducts, or directly from nearby organs. The abscess may cause symptoms like fever, pain in the upper right abdomen, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. If left untreated, a liver abscess can lead to serious complications, including sepsis and organ failure. Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests like ultrasound or CT scan, followed by drainage of the pus and antibiotic treatment.

The abdomen refers to the portion of the body that lies between the thorax (chest) and the pelvis. It is a musculo-fascial cavity containing the digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs. The abdominal cavity is divided into several regions and quadrants for medical description and examination purposes. These include the upper and lower abdomen, as well as nine quadrants formed by the intersection of the midline and a horizontal line drawn at the level of the umbilicus (navel).

The major organs located within the abdominal cavity include:

1. Stomach - muscular organ responsible for initial digestion of food
2. Small intestine - long, coiled tube where most nutrient absorption occurs
3. Large intestine - consists of the colon and rectum; absorbs water and stores waste products
4. Liver - largest internal organ, involved in protein synthesis, detoxification, and metabolism
5. Pancreas - secretes digestive enzymes and hormones such as insulin
6. Spleen - filters blood and removes old red blood cells
7. Kidneys - pair of organs responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine
8. Adrenal glands - sit atop each kidney, produce hormones that regulate metabolism, immune response, and stress response

The abdomen is an essential part of the human body, playing a crucial role in digestion, absorption, and elimination of food and waste materials, as well as various metabolic processes.

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Diverticula typically occur in the sigmoid colon, which is commonplace for increased pressure. The left side of the colon is ... These are outpockets of the colonic mucosa and submucosa through weaknesses of muscle layers in the colon wall. Diverticula do ... One leading theory suggests that diverticula form in weakened areas of the colon wall that are subjected to increased pressure ... Diverticulosis is defined by the presence of multiple pouches (diverticula) in the colon. In people without symptoms, these are ...
... the most commonly noticed symptom of diverticula is bloody stool. When diverticula (singular: diverticulum) become sites of ... Hinchey, E.J., Schaal, P.G. and Richard, G.K. Treatment of perforated diverticular disease of the colon. Advances in Surgery 12 ... The pouches (diverticula) occur where there is a gap between or weakness within the muscle fibres of the bowel wall, ... "Perforation" in this sense refers to rupture of the diverticulum, resulting in air leaking into the abdominal cavity. If the ...
The causes of Diverticular disease can be classified into: Diverticula: This occurs when the weak tissues around the colon tear ... diverticula). This includes diverticula becoming inflamed (diverticulitis) or bleeding. Colonic perforation due to diverticular ... Pouches of marble size protrude through the colon wall as a result of this breakaway. Diverticulitis: This is a direct result ... "Diverticular disease of the colon". The Havard Medical School. August 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2021. (Wikipedia articles needing ...
SCAD involves inflammation of the colon between diverticula (interdiverticular mucosa), while sparing the diverticular orifices ... Computed tomography of the abdomen is not routinely necessary, but may show thickening or inflammation in the distal colon ( ... The descending and sigmoid colon are typically involved. Biopsies of the affected area and the unaffected rectum confirm the ... Fecal calprotectin, a marker of colon inflammation, may be elevated in individuals with SCAD. Fecal calprotectin may assist in ...
Meckel's diverticulum Large bowel (sigmoid colon) showing multiple diverticula: the diverticula appear on either side of the ... Colonic diverticulum Diverticulum of the urinary bladder of a 59-year-old man, transverse plane Bladder diverticula containing ... Esophageal diverticula may occur in one of three areas of the esophagus: Pharyngeal (Zenker's) diverticula usually occur in the ... A Killian-Jamieson diverticulum is very similar to a pharyngeal esophageal diverticulum, differing in the fact that the ...
Bits of fecal matter in the emesis indicate obstruction in the distal intestine or the colon. Emesis that is of a bilious ... Emesis of undigested food points to an obstruction prior to the gastric outlet, such as achalasia or Zenker's diverticulum. If ... An obstruction further down in the intestine or colon will cause delayed vomiting. An infectious cause of nausea and vomiting ...
Not all of the diverticula-bearing colon must be removed, since diverticula proximal to the descending or sigmoid colon are ... Left-sided diverticula are pseudodiverticula, since the herniation is not through all the layers of the colon. Diverticulitis ... A colostomy implies creating a temporary opening of the colon on the skin surface, and the end of the colon is passed through ... The maneuvers are the retraction of the colon, the division of the attachments to the colon, and the dissection of the ...
Colectomy is the removal of the colon. Craniectomy is the surgical removal of a portion of the cranium. Cystectomy is the ... Diverticulectomy is a surgical procedure to remove a diverticulum. Duodenectomy is the removal of the duodenum. Embolectomy is ... Proctocolectomy is the removal of the colon or the large intestine and the rectum. Prostatectomy is the removal of the prostate ... Hemicolectomy is the removal of half the colon or the large intestine. Hemicorporectomy is the surgical amputation of the ...
They can also obstruct diverticula. It can possibly form secondary to fecal impaction. A fecaloma is a more severe form of ... of feces into lumps of varying size and may occur anywhere in the intestinal tract but is typically found in the colon. It is ...
... wide-mouthed diverticula in the colon and esophagus, and liver fibrosis. Patients with severe gastrointestinal involvement can ... The colon can be involved, and can cause pseudo-obstruction or ischemic colitis. Rarer complications include pneumatosis ...
The ancestral caecum would have been a large, blind diverticulum in which resistant plant material such as cellulose would have ... being reduced to a single chamber receiving the content of the ileum into the colon. ... been fermented in preparation for absorption in the colon. Analogous organs in other animals similar to humans continue to ...
... diverticulum, colon MeSH C23.300.415.250 - diverticulum, esophageal MeSH C23.300.415.250.900 - zenker diverticulum MeSH C23.300 ... diverticulum, stomach MeSH C23.300.415.750 - meckel diverticulum MeSH C23.300.575.150 - cutaneous fistula MeSH C23.300.575.185 ...
... tumors located within bladder diverticulum, or cancer that is not carcinoma in situ (CIS). A partial cystectomy may also be ... performed for removal of tumors which have originated and spread from neighboring organs such as the colon. A radical ...
The appendix is brought out to the skin surface and the child/parent can then attach a catheter and easily wash out the colon ( ... Meckel's diverticulum Appendix of the epididymis, a detached efferent duct of the epididymis Appendix testis, a vestigial ... The appendix is also used as a means to access the colon in children with paralysed bowels or major rectal sphincter problems. ... remnant of the Müllerian duct Epiploic appendix, one of several small pouches of fat on the peritoneum along the colon and ...
"Treatment of Colon Cancer, by Stage". www.cancer.org. Retrieved 2017-12-09. "Treatment Choices by Type and Stage of Stomach ... If a portion, or all of this duct remains a diverticulum or fistula can result, leading to the potential for a source of ... This is done by using stool softeners (which work by pulling water into the stool while in the colon), addition of fiber to the ... "What are Colon Cancer Symptoms". Coloncancer.about.com. 2009-01-20. Archived from the original on 2012-01-01. Retrieved 2012-01 ...
The teniae coli run the length of the colon. Earlier was popular the idea that the colon becomes sacculated between the teniae ... "Colonic Haustral Pattern in Relation to Pressure Activity and Presence of Diverticula". Scandinavian Journal of ... The haustra (SG: haustrum) of the colon are the small pouches caused by sacculation (sac formation), which give the colon its ... Localized ahaustral distended colon can be seen on abdominal x-ray during obstruction or volvulus. Sigmoidal volvolus, more ...
Diverticula of intestine 562.1, Diverticulosis of colon 562.11, Diverticulitis of colon, NOS 562.12, Diverticulosis colon w/ ...
... which includes the distal 1/3 of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and the anus above the ... Diverticula are small pouches that can form inside the bowel wall, which can become inflamed to give diverticulitis. This ... ascending colon, and the proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon. The final branch which is important for the digestive system is ... The colon mainly serves as a site for the fermentation of digestible matter by the gut flora. The time taken varies ...
Prophylaxis of infections after elective colon surgery. Result of a prospective controlled double blinded study. Chirurg 54:272 ... Pathological implication of duodenal diverticula. Surg Gynecol Obstet (now J American College of Surgeons) 154:62-64, 1982. ... Focus on infections after operations of the colon biliary tree and bone. In J Ishigami (Ed), Recent Advances in Chemotherapy, ...
However, any bleeding within the upper gastrointestinal tract or the ascending colon can lead to melena. Melena may also be a ... Meckel's diverticulum and Mallory-Weiss syndrome. Causes of "false" melena include iron supplements, Pepto-Bismol, Maalox, and ... such as the sigmoid colon and rectum) are generally associated with the passage of bright red blood, or hematochezia, ...
... diverticula, and, rarely, tumor-like masses and deep ulcers. These lesions may be localized, occur in multiple sites, or extend ... throughout the GI tract; they are more common in the small intestine and colon but can also occur in the stomach, esophagus, ...
He was the first to give a description of a hernial protrusion of an intestinal diverticulum. This condition is now referred to ... Cotlar, Alvin M. (January 2002). "Historical landmarks in operations on the colon-surgeons courageous". Current Surgery. ... Littre was the first to suggest the possibility of performing a lumbar colostomy for an obstruction of the colon. Jean Louis ...
... colon MeSH A03.556.124.526.356.333 - ascending colon MeSH A03.556.124.526.356.500 - descending colon MeSH A03.556.124.526. ... Meckel Diverticulum MeSH A03.556.124.684.500 - jejunum MeSH A03.556.249.124 - ileum MeSH A03.556.249.124.400 - ileocecal valve ... colon MeSH A03.556.249.249.356.333 - ascending colon MeSH A03.556.249.249.356.500 - descending colon MeSH A03.556.249.249. ... 356.668 - sigmoid colon MeSH A03.556.124.526.356.834 - transverse colon MeSH A03.556.124.526.767 - rectum MeSH A03.556.124.684 ...
"diverticulum , Definition of diverticulum in English by Lexico Dictionaries". Lexico Dictionaries , English. Archived from the ... Necrotizing Enterocolitis Bugs, Drugs and Things That Go Bump in the Night "Colon Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)". NCI. May 12, 2014. ... Perforated peptic ulcer Bowel obstruction Ruptured diverticulum Penetrating trauma Ruptured inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ...
Unlike the colon (or large bowel), which is rich with bacteria, the small bowel usually has fewer than 100,000 organisms per ... More commonly, the small bowel may have anatomical problems, such as out-pouchings known as diverticula that can cause bacteria ... Finally, abnormal connections between the bacteria-rich colon and the small bowel can increase the bacterial load in the small ... The malabsorption of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates may cause poorly digestible products to enter into the colon. This can ...
A perineal approach (or trans-perineal) refers to surgical access to the rectum and sigmoid colon via an incision around the ... Sciaudone G, Di Stazio C, Guadagni I, Selvaggi F (March 2008). "Rectal diverticulum: a new complication of STARR procedure for ... Redundant rectal and sigmoid wall is removed and the new edge of colon is reconnected (anastomosed) with the anal canal with ... However, a publication by the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons stated that internal rectal intussusception ...
Colon resection-laparoscopic & open, Distal pancreatectomy, Endoscopy, upper and lower, Excision of cysts, lipomas, skin ... Zenker's diverticulum Clinic services Family Health Care, Pediatrics, Pain Management, Specialty Care, Mental/ Behavioral ...
The remaining chyme is passed to the colon. It is of importance in medicine as it can be affected in a number of diseases, ... Sagar J.; Kumar V.; Shah D. K. (2006). "Meckel's diverticulum: A systematic review". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. ... leaving a remnant called Meckel's diverticulum. The main function of the ileum is to absorb vitamin B12, bile salts, and ... distal 2 feet of ileum should be checked for the presence of Meckel's diverticulum. Nosek, Thomas M. "Section 6/6ch2/s6ch2_30 ...
The colon is further divided into: Cecum (first portion of the colon) and appendix Ascending colon (ascending in the back wall ... Usually, this structure regresses during development; in cases where it does not, it is known as Meckel's diverticulum. During ... Descending colon (descending down the left side of the abdomen) Sigmoid colon (a loop of the colon closest to the rectum) ... These include the esophagus, pylorus of the stomach, distal duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon and anal canal. In ...
Diverticula are small bulging, pouches or sacs that develop in the lining along the walls of the gastrointestinal tract. These ... While the exact causes of diverticula arent known, it is known that frequent constipation causes excess stress on the colon ... Diverticula: Causes and Treatments. Diverticula are small bulging, pouches or sacs that develop in the lining along the walls ... If there is only one pouch present its referred to as a diverticulum. Several or many pouches are called diverticula and the ...
Colon; Colonic Diverticulum. On-line free medical diagnosis assistant. Ranked list of possible diseases from either several ... Diverticulum, colon (Colonic Diverticulum). A pouch or sac opening from the colon. ... Ranked list of diseases related to "diverticulum, colon"Drugs, active principles and "diverticulum, colon"Medicinal plants ...
"Normal Sigmoid Colon Wall vs Sigmoid Diverticulum". Page name. Normal Sigmoid Colon Wall vs Sigmoid Diverticulum. Author. ... Citation styles for "Normal Sigmoid Colon Wall vs Sigmoid Diverticulum". AMA style. Nucleus Medical Media. Normal Sigmoid Colon ... "Normal Sigmoid Colon Wall vs Sigmoid Diverticulum." Nucleus Medical Art Library. . 31 Dec 1969 19:00 EST. Nucleus Medical Media ... nmal.nucleusmedicalmedia.com/normal-sigmoid-colon-wall-vs-sigmoid-diverticulum/view-item?ItemID=1528. Accessed 30 Nov 2023. ...
... also referred to as Meckels diverticulum) is the most common congenital abnormality of the small intestine; it is caused by an ... Dis Colon Rectum. 1992 Jun. 35 (6):589-96. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Meckel diverticulum, also known as Meckels diverticulum, is ... encoded search term (Pediatric Meckel Diverticulum) and Pediatric Meckel Diverticulum What to Read Next on Medscape ... true diverticulum that contains all of the layers normally found in the ileum. [3] The tip of the diverticulum is free in 75% ...
The diverticulum itself or tumour within it may cause intussusception. For example, from the ileum to the colon, causing ... Desmoplastic small round cell tumor A diverticulum inside a Meckels diverticulum (daughter diverticula) Stones and phytobezoar ... A Meckels diverticulum, a true congenital diverticulum, is a slight bulge in the small intestine present at birth and a ... An asymptomatic Meckels diverticulum is called a silent Meckels diverticulum. If symptoms do occur, they typically appear ...
A perforated diverticulum, most often in the sigmoid colon. *Inflammatory bowel disease ...
History of Zenkers diverticulum. *Patients with implantable cardiac devices. *History of bowel strictures or fistulas ... In addition, the nursing staff experience with administration of the colon capsule will also be noted. Finally, the physicians ... The primary aims of the study include determining the patients experience with colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) and the ... experience with interpretation of the colon capsule images. The secondary aim of this study is preliminary evaluation of the ...
Meckels Diverticulum *Colon Cancer *Ascariasis *Borborygmi *Crohns Disease *Coagulopathy *Peptic Ulcers *Muscularis Layer * ... Diverticula *Endoscope *Proctosigmoidoscopy *Accessory Equipment *Glutaraldehyde *Hepatitis A *Alkaline Phosphotase *GERD * ...
A condition marked by small sacs or pouches (diverticula) in the walls of an organ such as the stomach or colon. These sacs can ... 562.0 Diverticula of small intestine *. 562.00 Diverticulosis of small intestine (without mention of hemorrhage) convert 562.00 ... A condition marked by small sacs or pouches in the walls of a hollow organ, such as the colon. These sacs can become inflamed ... 562.10 Diverticulosis of colon (without mention of hemorrhage) convert 562.10 to ICD-10-CM ...
Diverticulitis/etiology, Diverticulum, Colon/complications, Female, Hospital Mortality/trends, Humans, Laparoscopy/methods, ... Diverticulum, Colon/complications; Female; Hospital Mortality/trends; Humans; Laparoscopy/methods; Male; Peritoneal Lavage/ ...
... recovery and follow-up care for Meckels diverticulum. ... Learn about Meckels diverticulum, find a doctor, complications ... It runs from the stomach to the colon.. Causes. A Meckel diverticulum is tissue left over from when a babys digestive tract ... This results in a small outpouching of the small intestine, know as a Meckel diverticulum. In most cases, Meckel diverticula do ... A Meckel diverticulum is a pouch on the wall of the lower part of the small intestine that is present at birth (congenital). ...
Diverticula are protruding pockets formed from the colon. These pouches form because the muscles of the colon have difficulty ... Diverticula can get infected, resulting in diverticulitis, or inflammation of the diverticula. Symptoms of diverticulitis ... People who eat a high-fiber diet have a decreased risk of developing diverticula compared to people who eat less fiber in their ...
These pouches are called diverticula (di-ver-TIK-u-lah). They are caused by pressure in the colon that weakens the bowel wall. ... is when you have pouches in the colon that bulge out. ... These pouches are called diverticula (di-ver-TIK-u-lah). They ... Diverticulitis (di-ver-tik-u-LI-tis) is when diverticula are inflamed or infected. One in four people with diverticulosis will ... Although it was once thought that certain foods (nuts, seeds, or popcorn) may get stuck in the diverticula and cause ...
Abnormal rotation of the colon is fairly frequent and occasionally leads to disorders. Unusually long mesenteries (the ... At this time, the outward-pushing mucosa becomes a budding sac, or diverticulum, on the antimesenteric border of the colon with ... Diverticula. Diverticula are small pouches or sacs that form in the wall of the large intestine. Arteries penetrate the ... In the Western world, multiple colonic diverticula occur in as many as 30 percent of persons older than 50 years. Diverticula ...
How Do Doctors Diagnose and Treat Diverticula? How Are Diverticula Prevented? Resource Source for information on Diverticulitis ... Diverticulosis is the presence of diverticula (dy-ver-TIK-yoo-la) in the colon (large intestine). Diverticula are small sacs or ... What Do Diverticula Look Like?. Diverticula occur most commonly in the sigmoid colon, which is the part of the large intestine ... A doctor can find out if a person has diverticula by x-ray examination or by looking inside the colon through a viewing ...
If the Diverticula become inflamed or infected, that is a condition called diverticulitis. ... Diverticula are small pouches, or sacs, that bulge outward through weak spots in your colon. They mostly form in the lower part ... A clear liquid diet for a short time to rest the colon. Your provider may suggest slowly adding solid foods to your diet as ... Those factors include bacteria or stool (poop) getting caught in a pouch in your colon and changes in the microbiome in the ...
A few small-mouthed diverticula were found in the sigmoid colon.. A single medium-sized angiodysplastic lesion without bleeding ... The colon (entire examined portion) appeared normal. were takeBiopsies n with a cold forceps for histology.. ...
Doctors arent sure of the exact causes for diverticula in the colon (diverticulosis), but they think that a low-fiber diet ... Diverticulitis - is the inflammation or infection of pouches (diverticula) that form in the wall of the colon. Diverticulitis ... It may be related to an issue in the pelvic bone, an infection of the colon, bladder or other non-reproductive organ, or it may ... Without fiber to add bulk to the stool, the colon has to work harder than normal to push the stool forward. The pressure from ...
When diverticula get infected and cause pain, fever and nausea it is called diverticulitis. This condition also causes a change ... Small Bowel and Colon Surgery. Our general surgeons have extensive experience with small bowel and colon surgery for colon ... Colon resection (colectomy) This procedure removes all or part of the large intestine (the colon). Surgeons may use colectomy ... Collaborative Surgery Care for Small Bowel Cancer and Colon Cancer. When performing surgery to treat small bowel and colon ...
Strengthen the colon muscle so that it works again.. *Repair any damage, such as herniations (diverticula) and inflammations of ... Jon Barrons Colon Cleanse is. Jon Barrons Colon Cleanse is one of the most cleansing, healing, and soothing you will find. In ... In trying to research this topic, I keep getting sent to sites or cleanses for the colon. Do you have a intestinal cleanse ... Remove all old fecal matter and waste from the colon (to clear the drain, if you will). ...
Doctors think diverticula form when high pressure inside the colon pushes against weak spots in the colon wall. These pouches ... They are found most often in the colon. But diverticula can be found in nearly all parts of the digestive tract. ... Diverticulosis is a condition in which pouches called diverticula form in the wall of the large intestine (colon). The pouches ... The reason pouches (diverticula) form in the colon wall is not completely understood. ...
By Marcella Bucknam CPC CPCH CPCP CPCI CCC COBGC CCS CCSP Diverticula are small pouches that poke through the... [ Read More ] ... According to the American Cancer Society if all adults 50 and older were screened for colon ca... [ Read More ] ... Differentiate Intestinal Diverticula, Diverticulosis, and Diverticulitis When accurate diagnosis coding pressure builds look at ...
Diverticulitis usually affects the large intestine (colon). Left lower abdominal... read more ). Diverticula sometimes bleed ... Damage to the walls of the large intestine leads to the formation of balloon-like sacs or outpocketings (diverticula), which ... diverticula) protruding through the layers of particular structures in the gastrointestinal tract (digestive tract). A single ... diverticula) protruding through the layers of particular structures in the gastrointestinal tract (digestive tract). A single ...
7] A condition where the lining of the colon bulges through defects in its muscle wall, creating multiple pouches (diverticula ...
An infection in the pouches (diverticula) that sometimes form off your colon wall from stool thats become trapped and infected ... This gives your colon more time - too much time - to absorb water from the waste. The stool becomes dry, hard and difficult to ... Your colon absorbs water from this waste, which makes it more solid. If you have constipation, food may move too slowly through ... Fiber and water help your colon pass stool. Most of the fiber in fruits is found in the skin, such as in apples. Fruits with ...
... diverticulum that was injured during dissection for a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for treatment of a transverse colon ... Laparoscopic Resection of Injured Duodenal Diverticulum. Matthew B Dull, MD1, Irina Bernescu, MD1, Benny Kieff, MD2, Nadav ... Introduction: Duodenal diverticulum are an infrequently encountered entity which are rarely of clinical significance. These ... This diverticulum was resected laparoscopically with the assistance of endoscopic visualization. The patient recovered from ...
Diverticulitis (diverticulosis) is a condition in which the diverticulum or diverticula rupture in the colon, causing infection ... Diverticulitis is a condition in which diverticula in the colon rupture. The rupture results in infection in the tissues that ... Diverticulitis is an inflammation of the diverticula or diverticulum. Diverticulitis causes are either infectious or ... Diverticula can be seen via barium x-ray (barium enema). See a picture of Diverticulitis and learn more about the health topic. ...
... the presence of outpouchings in the wall of the colon. These outpouchings, or diverticula, form as the colon is squeezing so ... The diverticula are weaker than the rest of the colon wall, and are more prone to bleeding and perforations. Research has ... Kin, "A proportion of those people need surgery, making diverticulitis one of the most common reasons for colon surgery." ... Conversely, diets lacking in fiber often lead to hard smaller-caliber stools and constipation, prompting the colon to work ...
... and the colon; in some descriptions (and the author agrees), it also includes the anorectum (rectum and anal canal). The large ... The colon, especially the sigmoid colon, may develop diverticula that can be complicated by infection (diverticulitis) or ... colon. The descending colon is followed by the inverted V-shaped sigmoid colon (the narrowest part of colon), which becomes the ... The maximum diameter of the cecum is 9 cm; the maximum diameter of the colon is 6 cm. The colon is identified by its irregular ...
  • Treatment of complicated diverticulitis and diverticular bleeding may involve surgical removal of the segment of colon containing the diverticula. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Diverticulitis may result from: Association with the mesodiverticular band attaching to the diverticulum tip where torsion has occurred, causing inflammation and ischaemia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chronic diverticulitis causing stricture Strangulation of the diverticulum in the obturator foramen. (wikipedia.org)
  • Diverticulitis occurs when diverticula become inflamed. (nih.gov)
  • However, when a diverticulum ruptures, bacteria (always present in the colon) spread into the tissues surrounding the colon and cause infection and inflammation, a condition called diverticulitis . (medicinenet.com)
  • Many doctors believe that seeds and nuts that are eaten can get caught in the opening to a diverticulum and increase the chance of rupture and developing diverticulitis . (medicinenet.com)
  • If the diverticula become inflamed or infected, the condition is called diverticulitis. (harvard.edu)
  • Diverticulitis can lead to severe complications, such as abscess, perforation (tears in the colon wall), intestinal blockage from internal scarring, or fistula, an abnormal connection between two organs. (harvard.edu)
  • Diverticulitis is another disease that can affect the ascending colon. (livestrong.com)
  • The Mayo Clinic describes diverticulitis as an inflammation of one or more of a person's gut diverticula - small pouches of the inner lining of the colon that push through the colon's muscular outer wall. (livestrong.com)
  • Diverticulitis will most of the time cause fever because of an infection in the diverticula. (healingwell.com)
  • My diverticula are in my sigmoid colon, so as you describe it, with the fever & all, its most likely not diverticulitis. (healingwell.com)
  • SUNDAY, Oct. 1, 2006 (HealthDay News) -- Acute diverticulitis -- a disease of the colon traditionally seen in people over age 50 -- is now being diagnosed in obese younger adults, a University of Maryland Medical Center study finds. (healthday.com)
  • Bacterial infection of these diverticula cause inflammation (diverticulitis) that can result in perforation of the intestinal wall and other serious complications. (healthday.com)
  • Because patients who get acute diverticulitis always have underlying diverticulosis of the colon, younger patients may be at increased risk for recurrent attacks of inflammation of these diverticula over the long term," Daly said. (healthday.com)
  • Diverticulitis is a condition in which diverticuli in the colon rupture. (indiadiets.com)
  • This is done to reduce the amount of material that passes through the colon, which at least theoretically, may aggravate the diverticulitis. (indiadiets.com)
  • Diverticulitis Diverticulitis is inflammation of one or more balloon-like sacs (diverticula). (merckmanuals.com)
  • Diverticulitis usually affects the large intestine (colon). (merckmanuals.com)
  • Diverticulitis is swelling and infection of diverticula. (epnet.com)
  • If you have one or more inflamed diverticula, you are diagnosed with diverticulitis . (medbroadcast.com)
  • Men's risk for a painful inflammation of colon walls, diverticulitis, may be drastically reduced if they follow an overall healthy lifestyle, a recent U.S. study from Harvard Medical School in Boston suggests. (lesliebeck.com)
  • The major life-threatening issues arise when your diverticulitis bursts open, releasing the contents of your colon into the sterile area of your abdomen. (patienteducationmd.com)
  • Diverticulitis is an inflammation of small pouches in your colon that can develop as you age. (crsgh.com)
  • Diverticulosis is a condition that occurs when small pouches, or sacs, form and push outward through weak spots in the wall of your colon . (nih.gov)
  • People who have diverticula in the colon are referred to as having diverticulosis . (medicinenet.com)
  • In diverticulosis, small pouches develop and bulge out through weak spots in the walls of the colon. (harvard.edu)
  • Diverticula are common, particularly in people over the age of 40, according to the Mayo Clinic, and the presence of diverticula without symptoms is called diverticulosis. (livestrong.com)
  • Would a colonoscopy note moderate diverticulosis in the sigmoid colon?And could this diverticular be causing obscure GI bleeding? (healthtap.com)
  • More bulk means less pressure in the colon, and this is important in treating irritable bowel syndrome and diverticulosis. (vardaan.net)
  • Colon diverticulosis occurs when pockets or sacks bulge out from the bowel wall. (vardaan.net)
  • Diverticulosis is presence of weak pouches in the colon called diverticula. (gfreefoodie.com)
  • Diverticulosis is generally thought to be caused by excessive pressure in the colon, which may be combined with a weakening of the colon due to age, inflammatory damage, or both. (gfreefoodie.com)
  • Unfortunately, a significant number of people with diverticulosis develop so much damage to their colon that they require surgery. (gfreefoodie.com)
  • The condition of having these diverticula in the colon is called diverticulosis. (indiadiets.com)
  • Diverticulosis is the condition of having one or more diverticula. (medbroadcast.com)
  • Diverticulosis is a digestive condition that mainly affects the sigmoid colon. (pharmaceutical-journal.com)
  • Diverticulosis develops when a section of the mucosa pushes out or herniates through a weak area of muscle in the wall of the colon. (pharmaceutical-journal.com)
  • Diverticulosis occurs when pouches (diverticula) develop in the wall of the colon. (pharmaceutical-journal.com)
  • Diverticulosis is the presence of one or more diverticula in the colon. (igotquestion.com)
  • We aimed to determine mucosal inflammation and whether diverticula are associated with chronic gastrointestinal symptoms. (medscape.com)
  • We explored whether inflammation was present among symptomatic participants with and without diverticula. (medscape.com)
  • Among patients with symptoms and diverticula, we found no mucosal inflammation. (medscape.com)
  • To assess whether colonic diverticula are associated with markers of colonic mucosal inflammation, we conducted a prospective study of patients undergoing a complete screening colonoscopy that included mucosal biopsies. (medscape.com)
  • Inflammation of the diverticulum can mimic symptoms of appendicitis, i.e., periumbilical tenderness and intermittent crampy abdominal pain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tumors e.g. carcinoma: direct spread of an adenocarcinoma arising in the diverticulum may lead to obstruction Lithiasis, stones that are formed in Meckel's diverticulum can: Extrude into the terminal ileum, leading to obstruction Induce local inflammation and intussusception. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, in some cases, diverticula may lead to symptoms or inflammation . (nih.gov)
  • This is inflammation of diverticula (little sacs along the colon). (cancer.org)
  • Ulcerative colitis is a disease that can affect the ascending colon and is characterized by inflammation and sores, or ulcers, that line the inner wall of the large intestine, says the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) of the National Institutes of Health. (livestrong.com)
  • IS it IBS ?Mild nonspecific colon mucosa inflammation on biopsy. (healthtap.com)
  • Colitis is the inflammation of the lining of the tissues of the colon. (hemorrhoidstalk.com)
  • The remaining watery food residue moves into your large intestine (the colon). (harvard.edu)
  • Functional GI and motility disorders which affect the lower GI tract from the small intestine/bowel, to the large intestine/bowel or colon, to the rectum. (iffgd.org)
  • The principal function of the large intestine (colon) is to remove excess water from food waste passing into it from the small intestine. (vardaan.net)
  • The colon (large intestine) is a long tube-like structure that stores and then eliminates waste material. (indiadiets.com)
  • Colorectal polyps are commonly found during standard screening exams of the colon (large intestine) and rectum (the bottom section of your colon). (fascrs.org)
  • The weakest points are the areas around blood vessels that pass through the inside of the wall of the large intestine (also called the colon ). (medbroadcast.com)
  • Because both colon cancer and anal cancer involve the large intestine, you may think they're the same disease. (crsgh.com)
  • [ 61 ] The coin led to both obstruction and perforation of a Meckel diverticulum. (medscape.com)
  • Pain, bleeding or perforation of the bowel at the diverticulum may result. (wikipedia.org)
  • Perforation of the inflamed diverticulum can result in peritonitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Peptic ulceration resulting from ectopic gastric mucosa of the diverticulum Following perforation by trauma or ingested foreign material e.g. stalk of vegetable, seeds or fish/chicken bone that become lodged in Meckel's diverticulum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Colon perforation is an uncommon but serious complication of colonoscopy. (karger.com)
  • Colon perforation may occur as either intraperitoneal or extraperitoneal perforation or in combination. (karger.com)
  • Multiple pouches are called diverticula. (nih.gov)
  • These small, balloon-like pouches are called diverticula. (harvard.edu)
  • When part of the colon or the rectum becomes diseased, a long-term (permanent) colostomy must be made. (cancer.org)
  • Polyps are abnormal growths that start in the inner lining of the colon or rectum. (fascrs.org)
  • Most often, they grow in the left side of the colon and in the rectum. (fascrs.org)
  • Colon and rectal surgeons are experts in the surgical and non-surgical treatment of diseases of the colon, rectum and anus. (fascrs.org)
  • They are well-versed in the treatment of both benign and malignant diseases of the colon, rectum and anus and are able to perform routine screening examinations and surgically treat conditions if indicated to do so. (fascrs.org)
  • The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons is dedicated to ensuring high-quality patient care by advancing the science, prevention and management of disorders and diseases of the colon, rectum and anus. (fascrs.org)
  • This model shows the usual benign and malignant changes in the colon and rectum. (anatomywarehouse.com)
  • They are the most common problems affecting the colon and rectum, and include constipation and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). (tafreehmela.com)
  • As a person ages, pressure within the colon causes small outpouchings (sacs) that push out from the walls of the colon. (medicinenet.com)
  • Diverticula ruptured sacs that have pushed through your colon's wall and are overflowing into the digestive tract with rotting food particles. (kirklandreporter.com)
  • Diverticula are sacs formed by a fold of the lining of the intestinal wall. (medbroadcast.com)
  • A Meckel's diverticulum, a true congenital diverticulum, is a slight bulge in the small intestine present at birth and a vestigial remnant of the vitelline duct. (wikipedia.org)
  • Meckel's diverticulum was first explained by Fabricius Hildanus in the sixteenth century and later named after Johann Friedrich Meckel, who described the embryological origin of this type of diverticulum in 1809. (wikipedia.org)
  • The majority of people with a Meckel's diverticulum are asymptomatic. (wikipedia.org)
  • An asymptomatic Meckel's diverticulum is called a silent Meckel's diverticulum. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Rarely, a Meckel's diverticulum containing ectopic pancreatic tissue can present with abdominal pain and increased serum amylase levels, mimicking acute pancreatitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Table 1 - Complications of Meckel's Diverticulum: Bleeding of the diverticulum is most common in young children, especially in males who are less than 2 years of age. (wikipedia.org)
  • Incarceration": when a Meckel's diverticulum is constricted in an inguinal hernia, forming a Littré hernia that obstructs the intestine. (wikipedia.org)
  • A Meckel diverticulum (also called a Meckel's diverticulum) is a small pouch in the lining of the small intestine. (msdmanuals.com)
  • No colon issues but I last had a colonoscopy in Oct 2017 and they found polyps that were non-cancerous but the Dr. recommended getting another one 5 years later. (cancer.org)
  • I had a colonoscopy and was told I had "pockets" in my colon and I should not eat nuts or seeds anymore. (medicinenet.com)
  • In those who have a family history of colon cancer, or who are older than 50 years of age, the doctor may order a colon examination to exclude it - usually a colonoscopy. (iffgd.org)
  • Colonoscopy:Entire mucosa of ascending colon and caecum smeared with stools.Visualised mucosa appears normal.Terminal ileum not examined becoz of solid stool in ileum? (healthtap.com)
  • Just had 1st colonoscopy, shows granular, loss of vascular pattern and minor ulcers in ascending colon, cecum, sigmoid and colon. (healthtap.com)
  • Colonoscopy suggested an ulcero-vegetan tumor in the ascending colon. (ispub.com)
  • CT colonography (called virtual colonoscopy) may be used to examine the colon indirectly. (fascrs.org)
  • For example, during a routine colonoscopy your doctor may see the diverticula. (medbroadcast.com)
  • A regular follow up visit with colonoscopy may be necessary in order to look inside your colon. (patienteducationmd.com)
  • It can cause abscesses, scarring with stricture (abnormal narrowing), or rupture of the colon and infection in severe cases. (cancer.org)
  • The rupture results in infection in the tissues that surround the colon. (indiadiets.com)
  • [ 1 , 2 ] However, a giant sigmoid diverticulum (GSD) is a rare complication and may present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for those who are unfamiliar with the condition. (medscape.com)
  • Because of concern that ulcers in the adjacent bowel may continue to bleed if only the diverticulum is removed, a group compared whether a simple diverticulectomy rather than a segmental bowel resection is adequate treatment for GI bleeding secondary to Meckel diverticulum. (medscape.com)
  • Irritable bowel syndrome -A chronic colon disorder that involves constipation and diarrhea, abdominal pain, and mucus in the stool. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Diseases that affect the ascending colon include inflammatory bowel diseases and colon cancer. (livestrong.com)
  • This chronic inflammatory disorder can affect all layers of the colon, and there is often normal, healthy bowel tissue between patches of affected or diseased bowel, according to the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America (CCFA). (livestrong.com)
  • Both Crohn's and ulcerative colitis are part of a class of disease called inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is a condition in which the immune system incorrectly targets the colon as a 'foreign' entity like a bacteria,' explains Dr. Natarajan. (livestrong.com)
  • Irritable bowel syndrome, sometimes called spastic colon or IBS, is one of the most common disorders of the lower digestive tract. (vardaan.net)
  • Increased pressure in the colon causes thin-walled out-pouches (diverticula) to develop in the bowel wall. (healthday.com)
  • Older people have frailer tissue lining the bowel - this is probably why they have more diverticula. (medbroadcast.com)
  • Sudden pain is particularly bad in the lower left abdomen, as most diverticula occur in the left side of the bowel. (medbroadcast.com)
  • Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (also called spastic colon, irritable colon, or nervous stomach) is a condition in which the colon muscle contracts more readily than in people without IBS. (tafreehmela.com)
  • Rarely, these blood vessels persist in the form of fibrous remnants that run between the Meckel diverticulum and the abdominal wall or small bowel mesentery. (medscape.com)
  • The vitelline vessels remnant that connects the diverticulum to the umbilicus may form a fibrous or twisting band (volvulus), trapping the small intestine and causing obstruction. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 4 ] Upon surgical exploration, a band arising from a Meckel diverticulum was found, causing obstruction of the terminal ileum. (medscape.com)
  • Among our participants, 255 (41%) had colonic diverticula. (medscape.com)
  • Colonic diverticula are common in the United States. (medscape.com)
  • Although Meckel diverticulum is usually asymptomatic, two types of complications can require clinical attention. (medscape.com)
  • Most diverticula are asymptomatic, but some become inflamed or bleeding. (igotquestion.com)
  • Meckel diverticula containing gastric heterotopia predispose to local hyperacidity, mucosal ulceration, and gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in children. (medscape.com)
  • In support of this finding, a retrospective review of all surgical resections of a bleeding Meckel diverticulum at a tertiary-referral children's hospital found that a diverticulectomy-only procedure completely eradicates gastric heterotopia without an increased risk of continued bleeding or complications and significantly shortens hospitalization. (medscape.com)
  • Bleeding may be caused by: Ectopic gastric or pancreatic mucosa: Where diverticulum contains embryonic remnants of mucosa of other tissue types. (wikipedia.org)
  • 9. [A case of metastatic gastric cancer originating from transverse colon cancer]. (nih.gov)
  • 16. [Synchronous Double Cancer Involving Gastric Cancer Resembling a Submucosal Tumor with Stenosis in the Pylorus and Ascending Colon Cancer - A Case Report]. (nih.gov)
  • 2. [Right Hemi-Colectomy for a Metastatic Transverse Colon Tumor from Breast Cancer Following Bilateral Breast Cancer Resection - A Case Report]. (nih.gov)
  • 3. [A case of colon cancer resembling submucosal tumor with ossification]. (nih.gov)
  • Moderately extensive changes of diverticular disease are noted within the sigmoid colon with florid diverticular formation and associated smooth muscle hypertrophy. (hdc.org.nz)
  • While diverticular disease generally affects the sigmoid colon in Western populations, right-sided colonic disease is more common in Asian populations [10] . (pharmaceutical-journal.com)
  • Even though the disorder was originally described as not involving noncancerous (benign) growths (polyps) in the colon, people with Lynch syndrome may occasionally have colon polyps. (nih.gov)
  • Colon cancer is preventable if polyps are removed at an early stage. (vardaan.net)
  • Less carcinogen exposure to the colon may mean less colon polyps and cancer. (vardaan.net)
  • Colorectal polyps can grow in any part of the colon. (fascrs.org)
  • Other tests used to detect polyps include a digital rectal exam, stool based screening like fecal occult blood testing (this tests for microscopic or invisible blood in the stool) or stool DNA-based test (this tests for genetic markers of cancer in stool), barium enema, and sigmoidoscopy, which uses a flexible tube to inspect the sigmoid colon. (fascrs.org)
  • One pouch is called a diverticulum. (nih.gov)
  • Diverticular bleeding occurs when a small blood vessel within the wall of a diverticulum pouch bursts. (nih.gov)
  • Diverticula -Small pouch in the colon. (encyclopedia.com)
  • A diverticulum (if there is more than one they are known as 'diverticulae') is a protrusion of the inner lining of the intestine through the outer muscular lining to form a small pouch. (nuh.nhs.uk)
  • A pouch or sac opening from the COLON . (nih.gov)
  • On rare occasions the diverticulum can herniate through the abdominal wall also known as a Littre hernia. (wikipedia.org)
  • 18. Abscess of the abdominal wall resulting from perforated ascending colon cancer. (nih.gov)
  • [ 3 ] The tip of the diverticulum is free in 75% of cases and is attached to the anterior abdominal wall or another structure in the remainder of cases. (medscape.com)
  • Diverticula may occur throughout the colon, but they are most common near the distal end of the left colon called the sigmoid colon. (medicinenet.com)
  • Minor scattered diverticula are noted further proximally in the distal descending colon. (hdc.org.nz)
  • A rare reported case of Meckel diverticulum was associated with other umbilical anomalies: A 4-year-old boy presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, and constipation. (medscape.com)
  • 7. [A case of mucinous adenocarcinoma of descending colon with abscess formation and solitary metastasis at right side of the abdomen]. (nih.gov)
  • A computed tomography scan of the abdomen and the pelvis revealed a tumoral mass located in the ascending colon in 4x2cm dimensions, a lymphadenopathy located in the right iliac region, a left-sided inguinal hernia and a 6x5x5cm hemangioma at the spleen. (ispub.com)
  • This type of colostomy allows the stool to leave the body before it reaches the descending colon. (cancer.org)
  • A transverse colostomy may be used to keep stool out of the area of the colon that's inflamed, infected, diseased, or newly operated on - this allows healing to take place. (cancer.org)
  • Increasing the fiber and fluid content of the diet helps in produces more bulk in the stool, reducing pressure in the colon and assisting the more regular and complete elimination of waste, thereby preventing the formation of further diverticula. (indiadiets.com)
  • The abdominal film may reveal a colon full of stool (see the images below), confirming the diagnosis of obstipation. (medscape.com)
  • Note the large amount of stool throughout the colon on this radiograph. (medscape.com)
  • A large stool mass is visible in the hepatic flexure of the colon. (medscape.com)
  • Diverticula can occur throughout the colon but are most common near the end of the left colon referred to as the sigmoid colon. (indiadiets.com)
  • As noted earlier, Meckel diverticulum is caused by the failure of the omphalomesenteric duct to completely obliterate (at 5-7 weeks' gestation), followed by one of various complications. (medscape.com)
  • To check the colon walls at the area of the prostate (the field of radiation), and To verify if ulcerative colitis exist. (cancer.org)
  • Old food has begun to accumulate in the colon walls, where the contents of the stomach and intestines become lodged. (kirklandreporter.com)
  • High fibre foods expand the inside walls of the colon, easing the passage of waste. (vardaan.net)
  • Diverticula are common and typically do not cause problems, but can sometimes protrude through the walls of the bowels, leading to bleeding or infections. (hemorrhoidstalk.com)
  • A permanent transverse colostomy is made when the lower portion of the colon must be removed or permanently rested, or if other health problems make the patient unable to have more surgery. (cancer.org)
  • 6. [A case of carcinoma arising in a diverticulum of the transverse colon]. (nih.gov)
  • 10. [A Case of Performed Right Colectomy with Pancreato-Duodenectomy for Transverse Colon Cancer Invased to Duodenum]. (nih.gov)
  • 11. [A Case of Huge Advanced Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Transverse Colon Resected Successfully]. (nih.gov)
  • 13. [A Case of Transverse Colon Cancer Metastasized to the Spermatic Cord after Resection of Peritoneal Dissemination]. (nih.gov)
  • 14. [A patient treated with partial duodenectomy for invasive transverse colon cancer]. (nih.gov)
  • 19. Spontaneous regression of transverse colon cancer with high-frequency microsatellite instability: a case report and literature review. (nih.gov)
  • 20. Anastomotic recurrence after curative resection of a transverse colon carcinoma: a case report. (nih.gov)
  • Right above your belly button is your transverse colon where its very common to get pains from trapped gas. (healingwell.com)
  • Most colon cancer begins as a colon polyp, a benign mushroom shaped growth which in time grows and in some people, becomes a cancer. (vardaan.net)
  • The pouches (i.e., diverticula) are benign. (crsgh.com)
  • Although Meckel diverticulum almost always occurs on the antimesenteric border of the ileum, case reports have described a mesenteric location. (medscape.com)
  • Ischemic colitis occurs when blood flow to the colon is reduced, typically as a result of narrowed or blocked arteries. (hemorrhoidstalk.com)
  • 8. Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colon metastatic to the intestinal mucosa. (nih.gov)
  • [ 2 ] Meckel diverticulum is typically lined by ileal mucosa, but other tissue types are also found with varying frequency. (medscape.com)
  • Diverticular disorders -Disorders that involve the development of diverticula. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Diverticular disorders of the colon are common among the aging population of industrial countries. (medscape.com)
  • Although diverticula can form at any point in the digestive tract, the most common location for diverticula is the colon. (livestrong.com)
  • Diverticula are extremely common and usually harmless. (medbroadcast.com)
  • The most common site for diverticulae to develop is the left hand side of the colon. (nuh.nhs.uk)
  • The bad news is that colon cancer is common. (crsgh.com)
  • Although numerous retrospective studies have described trends in the diagnosis and treatment of Meckel diverticulum, the amount of cases has been insufficient to warrant official guidelines. (medscape.com)
  • 12. The unusual presentation of mucinous carcinoma in the colon making preoperative diagnosis difficult: report of a case. (nih.gov)
  • Enterocystomas, umbilical sinuses, and omphaloileal fistulas are among the other congenital anomalies associated with Meckel diverticulum. (medscape.com)
  • Hirschsprung disease, or congenital megacolon, is a condition where some elements of the myenteric plexus are absent in the colon. (greek.doctor)
  • With infectious colitis, the swelling of the colon is caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. (hemorrhoidstalk.com)
  • Such chronic irritation of the lining of the colon can cause ulcers to bleed or ooze pus. (livestrong.com)
  • it was noted that the loop of the sigmoid colon is located in the right quadrant, immediately beneath the cecum. (healthtap.com)
  • Definitive treatment of a complication, such as bleeding, is excision of the diverticulum along with the adjacent ileal segment. (medscape.com)
  • The diverticulum is usually supplied by the omphalomesenteric artery (a remnant of the vitelline artery), which arises from the ileal branch of the superior mesenteric artery. (medscape.com)
  • Diverticula can also appear in the gastrointestinal tract above the stomach, in the esophagus. (medbroadcast.com)
  • Most people who have diverticula in their colon do not have symptoms or problems. (nih.gov)
  • The diverticulum doesn't usually cause symptoms, so most people don't know they have it. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Meckel diverticulum doesn't cause symptoms in most people who have it. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Esophageal diverticula don't cause dangerous problems, but a few people find that trapped food comes back up when they bend over or lie down. (medbroadcast.com)
  • Most people live their whole lives without their diverticula ever becoming noticeable. (medbroadcast.com)
  • A stationary foreign body within the right lower quadrant on imaging proximal to the ileocecal valve should raise suspicion for a Meckel diverticulum and prompt early surgical intervention. (medscape.com)
  • The perfect place for dangerous intestinal parasites to develop is a filthy colon. (kirklandreporter.com)
  • This puts brief but intense pressure on the mucosal layer of your intestine, pushing it through the weakest points of the intestinal wall, leading to the formation of diverticula. (medbroadcast.com)
  • One theory is that cancer-causing chemicals (carcinogens) in the diet and environment can stay in contract with the colon wall a longer time and in higher concentration when the diet is low in fibre. (vardaan.net)
  • A small bulging sac pushing outward from the colon wall is called a diverticulum. (indiadiets.com)
  • Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) angiogram images show extravasation of contrast into the lumen of the ascending colon, with pooling of contrast which increases from the arterial phase (A, B) to the delayed venous phase (C, D). Diverticula are seen arising from the medial wall of the ascending colon indicating the etiology of bleeding. (wjgnet.com)
  • It is the presence of tiny bulges, called diverticula , in the colon wall. (hemorrhoidstalk.com)
  • The exact mechanism causing this is not known, but is thought to be related to raised intra-colonic pressure in segmented portions of the colon as a result of the contraction of the muscular wall [1] , [2] . (pharmaceutical-journal.com)
  • And some of those diseases may impair the way your ascending colon works. (livestrong.com)
  • Diverticula themselves don't impair passage but they may become inflamed. (greek.doctor)
  • 1. [A case of colon cancer with extramural progression]. (nih.gov)
  • 5. Mucin-secreting neoplastic polyp: a unique endoscopic presentation of early colon cancer. (nih.gov)
  • Colon cancer age 30? (healthtap.com)
  • Colon cancer is a major health problem. (vardaan.net)
  • In countries where grains are unprocessed and retain their fibre, there is lower incidence of colon cancer. (vardaan.net)
  • It is now known that the tendency to develop colon cancer may be inherited. (vardaan.net)
  • Colon cancer is the most serious cause of rectal bleeding. (hemorrhoidstalk.com)
  • In addition to my expertise in minimally invasive surgery, my area of specialty is colon and rectal surgery. (osu.edu)
  • Board-certified colon and rectal surgeons complete residencies in general surgery and colon and rectal surgery, and pass intensive examinations conducted by the American Board of Surgery and the American Board of Colon and Rectal Surgery. (fascrs.org)
  • The prevailing theory is that a lack of fiber in the diet ultimately leads to the development of weak pouches in the colon. (gfreefoodie.com)
  • Factors which may increase your chance of developing diverticula include a low-fibre diet and lack of exercise. (medbroadcast.com)
  • The study concluded that simple diverticulectomy is adequate for the treatment of GI bleeding caused by Meckel diverticulum. (medscape.com)
  • Bright red blood mixed with the stools indicates the bleeding is acute and likely in the colon. (iffgd.org)
  • When bleeding originates from a diverticulum, it is called diverticular bleeding. (indiadiets.com)
  • Bleeding can result if feces get lodged in a diverticulum. (medbroadcast.com)
  • Medications, like anti-inflammatories and opioids, can also increase your risk of bleeding from diverticula. (medbroadcast.com)
  • Unlike bleeding diverticula, inflamed and infected diverticula can become extremely painful and tender. (medbroadcast.com)
  • It's commonly found in the colon and rarely in the ileum. (greek.doctor)