Drug Hypersensitivity
Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome
Drug Eruptions
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
HLA-B Antigens
Hypersensitivity, Delayed
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
Hypersensitivity
Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic
Various forms of chemically induced liver injury and their detection by diagnostic procedures. (1/1024)
A large number of chemical agents, administered for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes, can produce various types of hepatic injury by several mechanisms. Some agents are intrinsically hepatotoxic, and others produce hepatic injury only in the rare, uniquely susceptible individual. Idiosyncrasy of the host is the mechanism for most types of drug-induced hepatic injury. It may reflect allergy to the drug or a metabolic aberation of the host permitting the accumulation of hepatotoxic metabolites. The syndromes of hepatic disease produced by drugs have been classified hepatocellular, hepatocanalicular, mixed and canalicular. Measurement of serum enzyme activities has provided a powerful tool for studies of hepatotoxicity. Their measurement requires awareness of relative specificity, knowledge of the mechanisms involved, and knowledge of the relationship between known hepatotoxic states and elevated enzyme activities. (+info)Glomerular, tubular and interstitial nephritis associated with non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Evidence of a common mechanism. (2/1024)
AIMS: To study the mechanisms behind NSAID-associated nephropathy. METHODS: Analysis of published case reports satisfying strict criteria for NSAID nephropathy. RESULTS: Ninety-seven cases with acute nephritis (AN; 19 patients), minimal change nephropathy (MC; 38 patients), membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN; 19 patients), focal sclerosis (FS; 13 patients) and other glomerulonephritis subgroups (8 patients) were identified. Hypersensitivity reactions were seen in all groups, most often in AN. Proteinuria was more severe in MC and FS than in MGN and unrelated to amount of glomerular deposits. The mean NSAID treatment time was 1.7 months in AN, 8.2 months in MC and 39 months in MGN and associated with amount of glomerular deposits, fusion of podocytes and proteinuria, and inversely associated with hypersensitivity, interstitial damage and renal failure. Rheumatic diseases were common in MGN. At follow-up 68 of 72 patients who had discontinued NSAID treatment had improved, 57 with normal renal function. CONCLUSIONS: NSAID nephropathy may be caused by hypersensitivity. The reaction is milder than in drug-induced acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, probably because the offending drug inhibits the inflammatory reaction it has started itself. Heavy proteinuria is probably due to lymphokines produced as a result of the immunological response. If the allergic reaction is strong, AN is produced rapidly with severe renal failure but little proteinuria; if it is less violent, immunocompetent cells may develop to produce lymphokines and proteinuria. Immune complexes may be formed eventually, secondary to the increased glomerular permeability, more easily in patients with a hyperactive immune system and with little consequence for renal function. (+info)Cellular disposition of sulphamethoxazole and its metabolites: implications for hypersensitivity. (3/1024)
1. Bioactivation of sulphamethoxazole (SMX) to chemically-reactive metabolites and subsequent protein conjugation is thought to be involved in SMX hypersensitivity. We have therefore examined the cellular metabolism, disposition and conjugation of SMX and its metabolites in vitro. 2. Flow cytometry revealed binding of N-hydroxy (SMX-NHOH) and nitroso (SMX-NO) metabolites of SMX, but not of SMX itself, to the surface of viable white blood cells. Cellular haptenation by SMX-NO was reduced by exogenous glutathione (GSH). 3. SMX-NHOH and SMX-NO were rapidly reduced back to the parent compound by cysteine (CYS), GSH, human peripheral blood cells and plasma, suggesting that this is an important and ubiquitous bioinactivation mechanism. 4. Fluorescence HPLC showed that SMX-NHOH and SMX-NO depleted CYS and GSH in buffer, and to a lesser extent, in cells and plasma. 5. Neutrophil apoptosis and inhibition of neutrophil function were induced at lower concentrations of SMX-NHOH and SMX-NO than those inducing loss of membrane viability, with SMX having no effect. Lymphocytes were significantly (P<0.05) more sensitive to the direct cytotoxic effects of SMX-NO than neutrophils. 6. Partitioning of SMX-NHOH into red blood cells was significantly (P<0.05) lower than with the hydroxylamine of dapsone. 7. Our results suggest that the balance between oxidation of SMX to its toxic metabolites and their reduction is an important protective cellular mechanism. If an imbalance exists, haptenation of the toxic metabolites to bodily proteins including the surface of viable cells can occur, and may result in drug hypersensitivity. (+info)Evidence of anaphylaxy after alteplase infusion. (4/1024)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although alteplase, a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), is structurally identical to endogenous tPA and therefore should not induce allergy, single cases of acute hypersensitivity reactions have been reported. Until now, specific antibodies against alteplase were not detected in blood samples obtained in these patients. CASE DESCRIPTION: We report an anaphylactic reaction in a 70-year-old white female who was treated with intravenous alteplase for thrombolysis of acute ischemic stroke 160 minutes after onset of a right-sided hemiparesis. Thirty minutes after infusion of alteplase had been started, the patient suffered acute severe sinus tachycardia and hypotension, followed by cyanosis and loss of consciousness. The alteplase infusion was stopped, and following antiallergic therapy, tachycardia and hypotension resolved within 1 hour. The hemiparesis remained unaltered, but additional harm resulting from the hemodynamic complication was not observed. Serum samples analyzed with a radioimmunoprecipitation assay were negative for total antibodies to alteplase, but in a subsequent ELISA, both samples were positive for IgE antibodies to alteplase. CONCLUSIONS: The detection of specific IgE antibodies reactive with alteplase in this patient could provide the first evidence of an anaphylactic-type reaction to alteplase in man. Because previous exposure to alteplase can be excluded, the results suggest that this patient had preexisting antibodies that were cross-reactive with one or more epitopes of alteplase and therefore precipitated the anaphylactic-type reaction. (+info)Successful treatment with gabapentin in the presence of hypersensitivity syndrome to phenytoin and carbamazepine: a report of three cases. (5/1024)
We report three consecutive patients with hypersensitivity syndrome (HSS) due to phenytoin and carbamazepine and successful treatment with gabapentin. HSS is a rare but potentially fatal reaction to multiple drugs including several anticonvulsants. Cross-reactivity among drugs may occur. Immediate withdrawal of the offending drug is the most important step in treatment. Benzodiazepines acutely and, after resolution of the hepatitis, valproic acid have been successfully used for seizure control in patients with HSS. Our cases indicate that gabapentin is also a safe anticonvulsant in HSS. (+info)Highly Th2-skewed cytokine profile of beta-lactam-specific T cells from nonatopic subjects with adverse drug reactions. (6/1024)
A positive lymphocyte transformation test to beta-lactams (beta-L) was found in 12 of 29 subjects with adverse drug reaction (ADR) to beta-L, irrespective of either the type of clinical manifestation or the presence of specific serum IgE. Short-term T cell lines specific for penicillin G, amoxicillin, and ampicillin could be generated only from subjects with ADR (eight with positive and one with negative lymphocyte transformation test), while streptokinase and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus group 1 (Der p 1)-specific T cells were obtained from all these subjects, from 7 atopic Der p-sensitive donors without history of ADR and 17 healthy nonatopic donors. Streptokinase-specific T cells from all subjects showed intracellular expression of IFN-gamma with poor or no IL-4, whereas Der p 1-specific T cells exhibited IFN-gamma but low or no IL-4 expression in nonatopics, and remarkable IL-4 expression in atopic donors. By contrast, all penicillin G-, ampicillin-, and amoxicillin-specific short-term T cell lines showed high intracellular expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, but poor or no expression of IFN-gamma, thus exhibiting a clear-cut Th2 profile. Accordingly, most penicillin G-specific T cell clones derived from two subjects with ADR released high concentrations of IL-4 alone or IL-4 and IFN-gamma. These data suggest that cytokines produced by Th2 cells play an important role in all beta-L-induced ADR, even when late clinical manifestations occur and an IgE-mediated mechanism is apparently indemonstrable. (+info)Prevention of occupational allergy caused by exposure to acid anhydrides. (7/1024)
This paper focuses on the prevention of IgE-mediated symptoms of the eyes and airways caused by exposure to acid anhydrides in the workplace. Acid anhydrides are widely used in the production of alkyd resins and as curing agents for epoxy resins. Heavy exposure to acid anhydrides causes severe irritation. However, reports of direct irritation of mucous membranes or skin are rare in recent years, since a package of multiple engineering controls has been introduced to reduce exposure. On the other hand, acid anhydrides are well-known industrial inhalant sensitizers and can cause occupational allergy even at very low exposure intensities. Therefore, safe use in industry demands both control of the level of exposure causing allergic diseases in the workshop and programmes for prevention of occupational allergy. (+info)20 years of medical surveillance on exposure to allergenic and non-allergenic platinum compounds: the importance of chemical speciation. (8/1024)
OBJECTIVES: Chloroplatinates are potent allergens but other soluble platinum compounds such as tetraammine platinum dichloride (TPC) do not provoke reactions in subjects who are sensitive to chloroplatinates. TPC has been used in the manufacture of autocatalysts for 20 years. This study analyses 20 year data on exposure to soluble platinum compounds and medical surveillance to confirm that TPC is not allergenic. METHODS: Workers in three distinct operations were exposed to soluble platinum compounds as chloroplatinates, chloroplatinates with TPC, or to TPC alone. Results of personal air sampling for soluble platinum compounds were compared together with the results of medical surveillance. RESULTS: The levels of exposure to soluble platinum compounds in each operation were comparable but the incidence of allergy was significantly different. In a subgroup of workers consistently exposed to chemical processes in each operation, the cumulative chance of being sensitised after 5 years of exposure was estimated as 51% for chloroplatinate exposure, 33% for mixed exposure, and 0% for TPC alone. The differences in sensitisation rates could not be explained by age, sex, and atopy. Nor could they be explained by the increased frequency of smoking in the workers with chloroplatinate exposure, despite the markedly higher risk of sensitisation in smokers. The differences could only be explained by the chemical stability of TPC. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the soluble platinum compound TPC is not allergenic under normal industrial conditions. Characterisation of the chemical compound (speciation) is essential to prevent stringent exposure limits being imposed for all soluble compounds on a generic basis. (+info)Drug hypersensitivity is an abnormal immune response to a medication or its metabolites. It is a type of adverse drug reaction that occurs in susceptible individuals, characterized by the activation of the immune system leading to inflammation and tissue damage. This reaction can range from mild symptoms such as skin rashes, hives, and itching to more severe reactions like anaphylaxis, which can be life-threatening.
Drug hypersensitivity reactions can be classified into two main types: immediate (or IgE-mediated) and delayed (or non-IgE-mediated). Immediate reactions occur within minutes to a few hours after taking the medication and are mediated by the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators from mast cells and basophils. Delayed reactions, on the other hand, can take several days to develop and are caused by T-cell activation and subsequent cytokine release.
Common drugs that can cause hypersensitivity reactions include antibiotics (such as penicillins and sulfonamides), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), monoclonal antibodies, and chemotherapeutic agents. It is important to note that previous exposure to a medication does not always guarantee the development of hypersensitivity reactions, as they can also occur after the first administration in some cases.
The diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and sometimes skin or laboratory tests. Treatment typically includes avoiding the offending medication and managing symptoms with antihistamines, corticosteroids, or other medications as needed. In severe cases, emergency medical care may be required to treat anaphylaxis or other life-threatening reactions.
Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome (DHS), also known as Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS), is a severe adverse drug reaction that can affect multiple organ systems in the body. It is characterized by a combination of skin rash, fever, lymph node enlargement, and internal organ involvement, such as hepatitis, nephritis, pneumonitis, or myocarditis.
The syndrome typically occurs within 2 to 6 weeks after starting a medication, but it can occur even several months later. The most commonly implicated drugs are aromatic anticonvulsants (e.g., carbamazepine, phenytoin, and phenobarbital), sulfonamides, dapsone, allopurinol, and abacavir.
The exact mechanism of DHS is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve an immune-mediated reaction, possibly triggered by a genetic predisposition or altered drug metabolism. The diagnosis of DHS is based on clinical criteria, including the presence of skin rash, fever, lymphadenopathy, and internal organ involvement, as well as laboratory abnormalities such as eosinophilia and atypical lymphocytosis.
Treatment of DHS typically involves discontinuation of the offending drug, supportive care, and management of specific organ involvement. Corticosteroids are often used to suppress the immune response and reduce inflammation, but their efficacy is not well established. The prognosis of DHS varies depending on the severity of organ involvement and the timeliness of appropriate treatment.
A "drug eruption" is a general term used to describe an adverse skin reaction that occurs as a result of taking a medication. These reactions can vary in severity and appearance, and may include symptoms such as rash, hives, itching, redness, blistering, or peeling of the skin. In some cases, drug eruptions can also cause systemic symptoms such as fever, fatigue, or joint pain.
The exact mechanism by which drugs cause eruptions is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve an abnormal immune response to the medication. There are many different types of drug eruptions, including morphilliform rashes, urticaria (hives), fixed drug eruptions, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN), which is a severe and potentially life-threatening reaction.
If you suspect that you are experiencing a drug eruption, it is important to seek medical attention promptly. Your healthcare provider can help determine the cause of the reaction and recommend appropriate treatment. In some cases, it may be necessary to discontinue the medication causing the reaction and switch to an alternative therapy.
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) is a rare, serious and potentially life-threatening skin reaction that usually occurs as a reaction to medication but can also be caused by an infection. SJS is characterized by the detachment of the epidermis (top layer of the skin) from the dermis (the layer underneath). It primarily affects the mucous membranes, such as those lining the eyes, mouth, throat, and genitals, causing painful raw areas that are prone to infection.
SJS is considered a severe form of erythema multiforme (EM), another skin condition, but it's much more serious and can be fatal. The symptoms of SJS include flu-like symptoms such as fever, sore throat, and fatigue, followed by a red or purplish rash that spreads and blisters, eventually leading to the detachment of the top layer of skin.
The exact cause of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome is not always known, but it's often triggered by medications such as antibiotics, anti-convulsants, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and antiretroviral drugs. Infections caused by herpes simplex virus or Mycoplasma pneumoniae can also trigger SJS.
Treatment for Stevens-Johnson Syndrome typically involves hospitalization, supportive care, wound care, and medication to manage pain and prevent infection. Discontinuing the offending medication is crucial in managing this condition. In severe cases, patients may require treatment in a burn unit or intensive care unit.
Drug-related side effects and adverse reactions refer to any unintended or harmful outcome that occurs during the use of a medication. These reactions can be mild or severe and may include predictable, known responses (side effects) as well as unexpected, idiosyncratic reactions (adverse effects). Side effects are typically related to the pharmacologic properties of the drug and occur at therapeutic doses, while adverse reactions may result from allergic or hypersensitivity reactions, overdoses, or interactions with other medications or substances.
Side effects are often dose-dependent and can be managed by adjusting the dose, frequency, or route of administration. Adverse reactions, on the other hand, may require discontinuation of the medication or treatment with antidotes or supportive care. It is important for healthcare providers to monitor patients closely for any signs of drug-related side effects and adverse reactions and to take appropriate action when necessary.
HLA-B antigens are human leukocyte antigen (HLA) proteins found on the surface of cells that play an important role in the body's immune system. They are part of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, which present pieces of proteins from inside the cell to T-cells, a type of white blood cell involved in immune responses.
HLA-B antigens are highly polymorphic, meaning that there are many different variations or alleles of this gene in the human population. This genetic diversity allows for a wide range of potential HLA-B proteins to be expressed, which can help recognize and respond to a variety of foreign substances, such as viruses and cancer cells.
The HLA-B antigens are inherited from both parents, and an individual may express one or two different HLA-B antigens depending on their genetic makeup. The specific combination of HLA-B antigens that a person expresses can have implications for their susceptibility to certain diseases, as well as their compatibility with organ transplants.
Delayed hypersensitivity, also known as type IV hypersensitivity, is a type of immune response that takes place several hours to days after exposure to an antigen. It is characterized by the activation of T cells (a type of white blood cell) and the release of various chemical mediators, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. This reaction is typically associated with chronic inflammatory diseases, such as contact dermatitis, granulomatous disorders (e.g. tuberculosis), and certain autoimmune diseases.
The reaction process involves the following steps:
1. Sensitization: The first time an individual is exposed to an antigen, T cells are activated and become sensitized to it. This process can take several days.
2. Memory: Some of the activated T cells differentiate into memory T cells, which remain in the body and are ready to respond quickly if the same antigen is encountered again.
3. Effector phase: Upon subsequent exposure to the antigen, the memory T cells become activated and release cytokines, which recruit other immune cells (e.g. macrophages) to the site of inflammation. These cells cause tissue damage through various mechanisms, such as phagocytosis, degranulation, and the release of reactive oxygen species.
4. Chronic inflammation: The ongoing immune response can lead to chronic inflammation, which may result in tissue destruction and fibrosis (scarring).
Examples of conditions associated with delayed hypersensitivity include:
* Contact dermatitis (e.g. poison ivy, nickel allergy)
* Tuberculosis
* Leprosy
* Sarcoidosis
* Rheumatoid arthritis
* Type 1 diabetes mellitus
* Multiple sclerosis
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g. Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis)
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) are a class of medications that reduce pain, inflammation, and fever. They work by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which are involved in the production of prostaglandins, chemicals that contribute to inflammation and cause blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable, leading to symptoms such as pain, redness, warmth, and swelling.
NSAIDs are commonly used to treat a variety of conditions, including arthritis, muscle strains and sprains, menstrual cramps, headaches, and fever. Some examples of NSAIDs include aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, and celecoxib.
While NSAIDs are generally safe and effective when used as directed, they can have side effects, particularly when taken in large doses or for long periods of time. Common side effects include stomach ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding, and increased risk of heart attack and stroke. It is important to follow the recommended dosage and consult with a healthcare provider if you have any concerns about using NSAIDs.
A syndrome, in medical terms, is a set of symptoms that collectively indicate or characterize a disease, disorder, or underlying pathological process. It's essentially a collection of signs and/or symptoms that frequently occur together and can suggest a particular cause or condition, even though the exact physiological mechanisms might not be fully understood.
For example, Down syndrome is characterized by specific physical features, cognitive delays, and other developmental issues resulting from an extra copy of chromosome 21. Similarly, metabolic syndromes like diabetes mellitus type 2 involve a group of risk factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels that collectively increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.
It's important to note that a syndrome is not a specific diagnosis; rather, it's a pattern of symptoms that can help guide further diagnostic evaluation and management.
Hypersensitivity is an exaggerated or inappropriate immune response to a substance that is generally harmless to most people. It's also known as an allergic reaction. This abnormal response can be caused by various types of immunological mechanisms, including antibody-mediated reactions (types I, II, and III) and cell-mediated reactions (type IV). The severity of the hypersensitivity reaction can range from mild discomfort to life-threatening conditions. Common examples of hypersensitivity reactions include allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, food allergies, and anaphylaxis.
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis is a type of lung inflammation that occurs in response to inhaling organic dusts or mold spores that contain allergens. It is also known as hypersensitivity pneumonitis. This condition typically affects people who have been repeatedly exposed to the allergen over a period of time, such as farmers, bird fanciers, and workers in certain industries.
The symptoms of extrinsic allergic alveolitis can vary but often include cough, shortness of breath, fever, and fatigue. These symptoms may develop gradually or suddenly, depending on the frequency and intensity of exposure to the allergen. In some cases, the condition may progress to cause permanent lung damage if it is not treated promptly.
Diagnosis of extrinsic allergic alveolitis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging studies such as chest X-rays or CT scans, and pulmonary function tests. In some cases, blood tests or bronchoscopy with lavage may also be used to help confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment for extrinsic allergic alveolitis typically involves avoiding further exposure to the allergen, as well as using medications such as corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms. In severe cases, hospitalization and oxygen therapy may be necessary. With prompt and appropriate treatment, most people with extrinsic allergic alveolitis can recover fully and avoid long-term lung damage.
NSAID hypersensitivity reactions
Hypersensitivity
Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome
Type I hypersensitivity
Medrysone
Sulfonamide (medicine)
Igor P. Kaidashev
Primidone
Systemic vasculitis
CT scan
Quinolone antibiotic
Abacavir
Desensitization (medicine)
Allergen immunotherapy
Clopidogrel
HIV disease-related drug reaction
Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome
Ketoconazole
HLA-B58
Dapsone
Clavulanic acid
Rabeprazole
HLA-B57
Galcanezumab
Disuse supersensitivity
Netarsudil
Kawasaki disease
Bamipine
Western honey bee
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
Drug Hypersensitivity - Immunology; Allergic Disorders - MSD Manual Professional Edition
Drug Hypersensitivity - Immunology; Allergic Disorders - Merck Manuals Professional Edition
Ferumoxytol: risk of serious hypersensitivity reactions-contraindicated if any drug allergy; administer via infusion - GOV.UK
Pneumotox » Drug » Tetrachloroethylene - Perchlorethylene (C2Cl4) » I.an - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis pattern
Erythema Multiforme: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Drug allergies: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
FDA Watch List Adds Drugs With Anaphylaxis, Fetal Death Risk
Fever in the Returned Traveler | CDC Yellow Book 2024
Asbestos Toxicity: Clinical Assessment | Environmental Medicine | ATSDR
Erythema Multiforme: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Human leukocyte antigen class I-restricted activation of CD8+ T cells provides the immunogenetic basis of a systemic drug...
Immune Hypersensitivity | Cytokine Detection
Hypersensitivity to antiepileptic drugs in children | Clinical and Translational Allergy | Full Text
Drug Hypersensitivity | Profiles RNS
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NSAID hypersensitivity reactions - Wikipedia
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Heptachlor/Heptachlor Epoxide | Medical Management Guidelines | Toxic Substance Portal | ATSDR
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: Spectrum of High-Resolution CT and Pathologic Findings | AJR
Protopic (tacrolimus ointment) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more.
Compensation for Victims of Limbrel Drug-Induced Liver Injuries and Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Reactions45
- Overview of Allergic and Atopic Disorders Allergic (including atopic) and other hypersensitivity disorders are inappropriate or exaggerated immune reactions to foreign antigens. (msdmanuals.com)
- How primary sensitization occurs and how the immune system is initially involved is unclear, but once a drug stimulates an immune response, cross-reactions with other drugs within and between drug classes can occur. (msdmanuals.com)
- Symptoms and signs of drug allergies vary by patient and drug, and a single drug may cause different reactions in different patients. (msdmanuals.com)
- New recommendations are being introduced to minimise the risk of serious hypersensitivity reactions with ferumoxytol. (www.gov.uk)
- Hypersensitivity reactions are known to occur rarely with all intravenous (IV) iron products and may be life-threatening. (www.gov.uk)
- The evaluation focused on the cumulative reports of serious hypersensitivity reactions-including life-threatening and fatal anaphylactic reactions-to ferumoxytol since it was first approved for use in the USA in 2009 (see Drug Safety Update article from June 2014 ). (www.gov.uk)
- Carefully monitor patients for signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions, including monitoring of blood pressure and pulse, during and for at least 30 minutes after the infusion. (www.gov.uk)
- See also Dermatologic Manifestations of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis and Oral Manifestations of Drug Reactions . (medscape.com)
- Although most febrile illnesses in returned travelers are related to infections, bear in mind that other conditions, including pulmonary emboli and drug hypersensitivity reactions, also can be associated with fever. (cdc.gov)
- We show that systemic reactions to abacavir were driven by drug -specific activation of cytokine -producing, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells . (bvsalud.org)
- Some examples of type I hypersensitivity reactions include food allergy, allergic rhinitis, allergic bronchial asthma, atopic eczema, drug allergy and anaphylactic shock. (bdbiosciences.com)
- 1 Type II hypersensitivity reactions are common in some types of autoimmune diseases, such as autoimmune neutropenia of rheumatoid disorders . (bdbiosciences.com)
- Justiz Vaillant AA, Vashisht R, Zito PM. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions. (bdbiosciences.com)
- Aromatic (lamotrigin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital) and non aromatic antiepileptic (valproat, topiramate) drugs are frequently associated with hypersensitivity reactions mainly cutaneous such as maculopapular exanthems and bullous and pustular eruptions on the basis of their clinical, cellular and molecular pathophysiology. (biomedcentral.com)
- However, some severe life-threatening reactions have been reported characterized by high fever, malaise, erythema, skin blistering and ulceration of mucous membrans, or hypersensitivity syndromewith fever, lymphadenopaty and systemic symptoms with cutaneous eruption. (biomedcentral.com)
- The arm of this study was to confirm or rule out the diagnosis of hypersensitivity reactions to antiepileptic drugs in children. (biomedcentral.com)
- At University Children's Hospital in Belgrade a group of 62 children with suspected hypersensitivity reactions to antiepileptic drugs were tested for the last 10 years. (biomedcentral.com)
- Various clinical reactions were described as being induced by drugs (the number of patients affected is shown in parentheses): maculopapular rash (37), maculopapular rash and fever (2) urticaria (14), urticaria and fever (5), urticaria and angioedema (4) The time period that had elapsed from the occurrence of reaction to the performance of patch tests varied from 1 month to one year. (biomedcentral.com)
- In children with a history of mild hypersensitivity reactions and negative patch tests we performed intradermal tests with culprit drugs. (biomedcentral.com)
- Our results demonstrate that patch tests are useful for diagnosing anticonvulsant associated cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions, and suggest an cell-mediated pathogenic mechanism. (biomedcentral.com)
- NSAID (or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) hypersensitivity reactions encompass a broad range of allergic or allergic-like symptoms that occur within minutes to hours after ingesting aspirin or other NSAID nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. (wikipedia.org)
- Hypersensitivity drug reactions differ from drug toxicity reactions in that drug toxicity reactions result from the pharmacological action of a drug, are dose-related, and can occur in any treated individual. (wikipedia.org)
- Hypersensitivity reactions are idiosyncratic reactions to a drug. (wikipedia.org)
- SNIDR are most commonly skin reactions that may be relatively mild moderately severe such as maculopapular rash, fixed drug eruptions, photosensitivity reactions, delayed urticaria, and contact dermatitis or extremely severe such as the DRESS syndrome, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, the Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis (also termed Lyell's syndrome). (wikipedia.org)
- Nevirapine must not be given if it has previously caused severe rash, rash accompanied by constitutional symptoms, hypersensitivity reactions, or clinical hepatitis. (who.int)
- Clinical manifestations of drug-induced hypersensitivity (DIH) can range from mild skin reactions (for example, maculopapular exanthema and urticaria) to severe systemic reactions, such as anaphylaxis due to drug-induced eosinophilia with systemic symptoms (DRESS)/drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS), or Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN - toxic epidermal necrolysis). (nephrologyjournal.ru)
- Many children are incorrectly labeled as having allergy or adverse drug reactions. (nih.gov)
- We review the pathophysiology of hypersensitivity reactions and the implications for anesthesia of food allergy, atopy, and family history of allergy in children. (nih.gov)
- Cyclosporine is a cyclic polypeptide that suppresses some humoral immunity and, to a greater extent, cell-mediated immune reactions such as delayed hypersensitivity, allograft rejection, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, and graft versus host disease for a variety of organs. (medscape.com)
- Rare cases of hypersensitivity reactions, including urticaria, angioedema, and rash have been reported after the use of albuterol sulfate. (yahoo.com)
- Thus, we planned to perform a genome-wide association (GWAS) study to discover the common genetic markers associated with both in immediate and delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions. (confex.com)
- Associations with the SNPs of these genes were commonly found in both immediate and delayed type hypersensitivity reactions (rs10028040 of LRBA, P = 5.63 x 10 -14 , P = 7.19 x 10 -12 respectively, and rs10463158 of MAT2B, P = 6.40 x 10 -12 , P = 5.25 x 10 -12 respectively). (confex.com)
- Genetic variants of the LRBA and the MAT2B genes might be significant genetic markers of drug hypersensitivity reactions. (confex.com)
- Although these polymers are usually safe, mild to life-threatening immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions have been reported. (biomedcentral.com)
- We present the case of a 29-years-old woman who developed several local and systemic type I hypersensitivity reactions including a severe anaphylactic reaction to different pharmacologic and cosmetic products whose excipients included PEG. (biomedcentral.com)
- Standardization of the terminology used to describe the presence of PEGs in products would help patients to identify them clearly and unequivocally and thus avoid the development of hypersensitivity reactions. (biomedcentral.com)
- It is also recommended studying PEG allergy in reactions to products containing PEGs, once allergy to the active ingredients has been excluded and in reactions to multiple unrelated drugs. (biomedcentral.com)
- She developed several local and systemic type I hypersensitivity reactions including a severe anaphylactic reaction to different pharmacologic and cosmetic products whose excipients included PEGs. (biomedcentral.com)
- Researchers warn that children are not just small adults, and their reactions to NSAID hypersensitivity may not be the same. (aboutlawsuits.com)
- According to the findings of new research, many children have hypersensitivity to Advil, Aleve and other widely used over-the-counter pain medication, known as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which can lead to the development of a severe and potentially life-threatening anaphylaxis reactions. (aboutlawsuits.com)
- Roughly 40% of all drug-induced anaphylactic reactions are caused by NSAIDs, including Advil, Motrin, aspirin, and Aleve. (aboutlawsuits.com)
- Another study indicated hypersensitivity was detected in 6% of children and teens with angioedema, or swelling from allergic reactions. (aboutlawsuits.com)
- Ibuprofen, sold under brand names like Advil and Motrin, is considered relatively safe with regards to side effects, but is the most frequent cause of NSAID-induced hypersensitivity reactions. (aboutlawsuits.com)
- Research staff conducted telephone interviews with patients inquiring about any apparent medication-related adverse drug reactions (ADRs) or SAEs. (frontiersin.org)
- Nevertheless non-immediate (late) hypersensitivity reactions (HR) to these drugs are rare, unpredictable and usually related with high morbidity and mortality. (usp.br)
Delayed hypersensitivity reaction1
- A fourth type of hypersensitivity is classified as delayed hypersensitivity reaction (DHR) and is characterized by infiltration of antigen-specific T cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
Anaphylaxis3
- The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has updated its quarterly watch list with four dozen drugs and drug classes because it has received new safety information or identified possible signs of serious risk - including serious risks from conditions such as anaphylaxis, herpes zoster, and fetal death. (medscape.com)
- Studies of allergic skin diseases, anaphylaxis, and hypersensitivity to drugs and insect venom are elucidating cellular mechanisms, improved diagnostics, and potential targets for future treatment. (researcher.life)
- NSAIDs are the primary cause of drug-induced anaphylaxis in adults, children and teens. (aboutlawsuits.com)
Symptoms11
- Drug allergies are a group of symptoms caused by an allergic reaction to a drug (medicine). (medlineplus.gov)
- These symptoms may occur right away or hours after receiving the drug. (medlineplus.gov)
- If you have had allergy-like symptoms after taking a medicine or receiving contrast (dye) before getting an x-ray, your health care provider will often tell you that this is proof of a drug allergy. (medlineplus.gov)
- Electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) is a poorly understood condition in which patients report symptoms following perceived exposure to weak electromagnetic fields (EMFs) such as those produced by mobile phones or visual display units. (karger.com)
- The symptoms described by "electromagnetic hypersensitivity" sufferers can be severe and are sometimes disabling. (skeptic.com)
- If symptoms worsen or the rash is very itchy, a doctor will likely recommend the person stops taking amoxicillin and takes a different drug instead. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Doctors often look for the same hypersensitivity symptoms in children as they do for adults. (aboutlawsuits.com)
- Researchers said new studies must focus on the effects of youth on drug metabolism and the natural history of the different symptoms in children, including the effect of things like exercise and infections on symptoms and sensitivity. (aboutlawsuits.com)
- If a patient experiences a hypersensitivity reaction, abacavir is discontinued and symptoms generally resolve within 72 hours. (cdc.gov)
- Withdrawal symptoms will depend on which drug you've been using. (healthline.com)
- Your doctor will put you on a schedule to gradually ease off the drug to avoid withdrawal symptoms. (healthline.com)
Urticaria1
- Yet, another study in outpatient clinics detected a rate of hypersensitivity of 24% in those with spontaneous urticaria, or hives, and a rate of 0 to 33% of patients with those with asthma. (aboutlawsuits.com)
Allergic5
- A drug allergy involves an immune response in the body that produces an allergic reaction to a medicine. (medlineplus.gov)
- Most side effects of drugs are not due to an allergic reaction caused by the formation of IgE antibodies. (medlineplus.gov)
- If you have a known drug allergy, avoiding the drug is the best way to prevent an allergic reaction. (medlineplus.gov)
- NERD does not appear to be due to a true allergic reaction to NSAIDs but rather at least in part to the more direct effects of these drugs to promote the production and/or release of certain mediators of allergy. (wikipedia.org)
- You may be allergic, or hypersensitive, to certain drugs. (catie.ca)
Allergy11
- Many of the patients who had a life-threatening or fatal anaphylactic reaction also had a known history of drug allergy to a non-iron product (eg, an antibiotic). (www.gov.uk)
- Ferumoxytol is now contraindicated in patients with any known history of drug allergy, including hypersensitivity to other parenteral iron products. (www.gov.uk)
- As with all IV iron products, the risk of hypersensitivity is increased in patients with immune or inflammatory conditions (eg, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis) and in patients with a history of severe asthma, eczema, or other atopic allergy. (www.gov.uk)
- The reaction of the body when a drug allergy is present generally involves special cells called B and T cell lymphocytes. (medlineplus.gov)
- Many people confuse an unpleasant, but not serious, side effect of a medicine (such as nausea) with a drug allergy. (medlineplus.gov)
- In some cases, a penicillin (or other drug) allergy responds to desensitization. (medlineplus.gov)
- There is generally no way to prevent a drug allergy. (medlineplus.gov)
- In some cases, a provider may approve the use of a drug that causes an allergy if you are first treated with medicines that slow or block the immune response. (medlineplus.gov)
- Allergy is an overactive immune (hypersensitivity) reaction to a harmless entity sensed as dangerous by the immune system. (bdbiosciences.com)
- These syndromes have recently been classified by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Task Force on NSAIDs Hypersensitivity. (wikipedia.org)
- In a study published last week in the Journal of Asthma and Allergy , Turkish researchers warned that NSAID-hypersensitivity is surprisingly common among children, and can pose serious health risks. (aboutlawsuits.com)
Severe3
- Severe hypersensitivity to milk proteins or any ingredients of ARMONAIR RESPICLICK. (drugs.com)
- SAPHNELO is a drug used in adults to treat moderate to severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). (fda.gov)
- ProAir Digihaler (albuterol sulfate) Inhalation Powder is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to albuterol or patients with a severe hypersensitivity to milk proteins. (yahoo.com)
Pneumonitis5
- The purpose of this article is to illustrate the spectrum of pathologic and high-resolution CT features of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). (ajronline.org)
- Osteoarthritis drug Limbrel has been linked to serious side effects including drug-induced liver damage and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. (consumersafetywatch.com)
- Patients who experience any of the following side effects may be suffering from hypersensitivity pneumonitis and should contact their health care provider as soon as possible. (consumersafetywatch.com)
- The FDA reminds consumers not to use Limbrel because of the risk of drug-induced liver injury, and a lung condition called hypersensitivity pneumonitis. (consumersafetywatch.com)
- While a range of adverse events have been reported, two serious and potentially life-threatening medical conditions are among them: drug-induced liver injury and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. (consumersafetywatch.com)
Serious hypersensitivity1
- AJOVY is contraindicated in patients with serious hypersensitivity to fremanezumab-vfrm or to any of the excipients. (tevausa.com)
Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity4
- Ziskin MC, Committee on Man and Radiation: Electromagnetic hypersensitivity - A COMAR Technical Information Statement. (karger.com)
- Rubin GJ, Das Munshi J, Wessely S: Electromagnetic hypersensitivity: A systematic review of provocation studies. (karger.com)
- It's called electromagnetic hypersensitivity or EHS. (skeptic.com)
- This suggests that "electromagnetic hypersensitivity" is unrelated to the presence of EMF. (skeptic.com)
Pathophysiology1
- The pathophysiology of erythema multiforme (EM) is still not completely understood, but it is probably immunologically mediated and appears to involve a hypersensitivity reaction that can be triggered by a variety of stimuli, particularly bacterial, viral, or chemical products. (medscape.com)
Nonsteroidal3
- Mesalamine desensitization in a patient with treatment refractory ulcerative colitis and aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug hypersensitivity. (uams.edu)
- Acuvail (ketorolac tromethamine) Ophthalmic Solution is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ( NSAID ) used to treat pain inflammation after cataract surgery or corneal refractive surgery, and also to relieve eye itching caused by seasonal allergies. (rxlist.com)
- ACUVAIL® (ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution) 0.45% is a member of the pyrrolo-pyrrole group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for ophthalmic use. (rxlist.com)
Abacavir6
- Recently, however, even stronger HLA associations are reported in drug hypersensitivities to the reverse- transcriptase inhibitor abacavir (HLA-B57), the gout prophylactic allopurinol (HLA-B58), and the antiepileptic carbamazepine ( HLA-B *1502), providing a defined disease trigger and suggesting a general mechanism for these associations . (bvsalud.org)
- Hence, the strong association of HLA-B *5701 with abacavir hypersensitivity reflects specificity through creation of a unique ligand as well as HLA-restricted antigen presentation , suggesting a basis for the strong HLA class I- association with certain inflammatory disorders. (bvsalud.org)
- Ask your healthcare provider about the signs of a hypersensitivity reaction so that you can seek medical help should you have such a reaction to abacavir or another HIV drug. (catie.ca)
- One of these drugs is abacavir. (cdc.gov)
- Abacavir hypersensitivity reaction affects 5 to 8% of patients and can be observed during the first 6 weeks of antiretroviral therapy. (cdc.gov)
- The HLA-B*5701 pharmacogenomic test minimizes potential toxicities to abacavir by identifying patients who may be at risk of developing a hypersensitivity reaction. (cdc.gov)
NSAIDs3
- Although the term NSAID was introduced to signal a comparatively low risk of adverse effects, NSAIDs do evoke a broad range of hypersensitivity syndromes. (wikipedia.org)
- Seven steps to the diagnosis of NSAIDs hypersensitivity: how to apply a new classification in real practice? (wikipedia.org)
- NSAIDs include some of the most commonly used drugs in the U.S., and are typically used as a fever reducer, pain reliever and for other anti-inflammatory effects. (aboutlawsuits.com)
Diagnosis2
- A wide range of clinical manifestations of DIH and the participation of various drugs in its development, as well as the diversity of pathogenetic mechanisms make the diagnosis and management of DIH extremely difficult. (nephrologyjournal.ru)
- Researchers conducted a review of the literature focusing on NSAID use and side effects among adults and children, indicating that there are challenging aspects of NSAID hypersensitivity side effects in the pediatric population, which need further investigation and potentially changes in diagnosis and treatment, according to the study. (aboutlawsuits.com)
Patients7
- about the same percentage of patients react to structurally unrelated antibiotics (eg, sulfa drugs). (msdmanuals.com)
- As with all IV iron products, patients should be informed of the risk and potential seriousness of a hypersensitivity reaction before every administration of ferumoxytol. (www.gov.uk)
- Ces allergènes devraient être placés en tête de liste des priorités lors de l'information des patients souffrant de rhinite allergique à Amman au sujet des stratégies d'évitement. (who.int)
- For GD patients not willing to consider drug treatment, n-acetyl cysteine or behavioral therapies may be effective. (springer.com)
- We studied 190 patients who were diagnosed with drug hypersensitivity at a tertiary referral hospital and 133 control subjects. (confex.com)
- Patients living with RET fusion-driven NSCLC represent an underserved population in need of tailored therapies that work against this targetable alteration," said Alexander Drilon , M.D. 2 , chief of the Early Drug Development Service at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and lead investigator for LIBRETTO-001. (prnewswire.com)
- Four patients (1%) in both the dolutegravir and lamivudine, and the dolutegravir and TDF/FTC, study arms experienced drug-related serious adverse events, and 15 patients (2%) in the dolutegravir and lamivudine arm and 16 patients (2%) in the dolutegravir and TDF/FTC arm had adverse events that led to discontinuation. (gsk.com)
Syndrome1
- Sensory hypersensitivity is a common and debilitating symptom of Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and may underlie developmental delays and high anxiety. (fraxa.org)
Cytotoxic1
- SNIDR result from the drug-specific stimulation of CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells to elicit a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction. (wikipedia.org)
Monoamine oxidase in1
- Drug interactions of Aldomet include monoamine oxidase inhibitors ( MAOIs ), a class of medications used to treat depression , because combining these drugs with Aldomet may lead to dangerous side effects. (medicinenet.com)
NSAID3
- Current studies indicate NSAID-hypersensitivity is frequently seen in children and teens, and warrants a detailed diagnostic approach. (aboutlawsuits.com)
- Much of the research conducted on NSAID hypersensitivity has involved the adult population, with children making up less than 10% of study participants. (aboutlawsuits.com)
- Previous work concerning general (NSAID hypersensitivity) in children and adolescents, mostly involved adults or individuals older than 14 years of age as children and adolescents composed less than 10% of the total study participants," the researchers wrote. (aboutlawsuits.com)
Clinical5
- Because clinical studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical studies of a drug cannot be directly compared to the rates in the clinical studies of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. (rxlist.com)
- The information provided in Snapshots highlights who participated in the key clinical trials that supported the original FDA approval of this drug, and whether there were differences among sex, race, age, and ethnic groups. (fda.gov)
- Snapshots are limited to the information available at the time of the original approval of the drug and do not provide information on who participated in clinical trials that supported later approvals for additional uses of the drug (if applicable). (fda.gov)
- Were there any differences in how well the drug worked in clinical trials among sex, race and age? (fda.gov)
- Although considerable information is accumulating on the relationship between genetic variation and drug metabolism and adverse effects, precious little evidence exists for their added value in clinical practice. (cdc.gov)
20191
- Dovato (dolutegravir 50 mg/ lamivudine 300 mg tablets) was authorised by the US Food and Drug Administration in April 2019 [5] (please see US Prescribing Information including Box Warning), and further regulatory applications have been submitted worldwide. (gsk.com)
Mechanisms2
- Mechanisms leading to T-cell activation in drug hypersensitivity. (bdbiosciences.com)
- The effect of these drugs is based on different mechanisms. (rxshop.md)
Mild1
- Ibuprofen is the drug of choice for mild to moderate pain. (medscape.com)
Immune4
- Drug hypersensitivity is an immune-mediated reaction to a drug. (msdmanuals.com)
- The classic timing for a primary cell-mediated immune reaction is 9-14 days after the initiation of the offending drug. (medscape.com)
- But, your body's immune system may produce a substance (antibody) against that drug. (medlineplus.gov)
- Type III hypersensitivity reaction is also known as immune-complex reaction. (bdbiosciences.com)
Intravenous1
- FETROJA is a cephalosporin antibacterial drug product consisting of cefiderocol sulfate tosylate for intravenous infusion. (globalrph.com)
20171
- On December 5, 2017, the FDA issued a Drug Safety Alert urging the manufacturers of Limbrel to recall it after an investigation determined it to be an "unapproved new drug. (consumersafetywatch.com)
Incidence1
- In fact, no studies have examined the prevalence of type 1 PEGs hypersensitivity, so its incidence may have been underestimated. (biomedcentral.com)
Occur1
- They usually occur more than 1 hour after the last drug administration and are self-limiting and benign. (biomedcentral.com)
Acute1
- Erythema multiforme (EM) is an acute, self-limited, and sometimes recurring skin condition that is considered to be a type IV hypersensitivity reaction associated with certain infections, medications, and other various triggers. (medscape.com)
Eruption2
- A drug-induced reaction should be considered in any patient who is taking medications and who suddenly develops a symmetric cutaneous eruption. (medscape.com)
- Morbilliform drug eruption. (medscape.com)
Histocompatibility1
- However, most drugs act as haptens, binding covalently to serum or cell-bound proteins, including peptides embedded in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
Prevalence1
- Hillert L, Berglind N, Arnetz BB, Bellander T: Prevalence of self-reported hypersensitivity to electric or magnetic fields in a population-based questionnaire survey. (karger.com)
Occurs1
- If a hypersensitivity reaction occurs, consider discontinuing AJOVY and institute appropriate therapy. (tevausa.com)
Genetic factors1
- There are many studies that investigate genetic factors that cause predisposition to drug hypersensitivity. (confex.com)
Infections1
- To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of FETROJA and other antibacterial drugs, FETROJA should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. (globalrph.com)
Interactions2
- Drug Interactions Drug interactions are changes in a drug's effects due to recent or concurrent use of another drug or drugs (drug-drug interactions), ingestion of food ( drug-nutrient interactions), or ingestion. (msdmanuals.com)
- The onset, site, mechanism and extent of ototoxic damage caused by these toxins vary according to risk factors that include type of chemical, interactions, exposure level and duration of exposure as is the case with therapeutic drugs. (cdc.gov)
Serum1
- This type of hypersensitivity is observed in serum sickness arthritis and glomerulonephritis. (bdbiosciences.com)
Clindamycin1
- Clindesse is contraindicated in individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to clindamycin, lincomycin, or any of the components of this vaginal cream. (theodora.com)
Type7
- Type 1 hypersensitivity involves the production of Ig-E antibodies against an allergen. (bdbiosciences.com)
- Type I hypersensitivity reaction, also known as anaphylactic response, is characterized by a rapid Ig-E antibody production. (bdbiosciences.com)
- Type II hypersensitivity is characterized by Ig-M and Ig-G antibodies that bind to cell surface antigens inducing activation of complement cascades and phagocytosis. (bdbiosciences.com)
- Other types of antibodies such as Ig-A have also been described in type III hypersensitivity. (bdbiosciences.com)
- Different subtypes of type IV hypersensitivity are described based on the infiltrating T cells: type IV-a, -b, -c, -d associated with Th1, Th2, T-effector and GM-CSF producing T cells, respectively. (bdbiosciences.com)
- immediate-type hypersensitivity reaction (n=109) and delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (n=81), according to the type of drug hypersensitivity. (confex.com)
- In the immediate-type hypersensitivity reaction group, we found signification associations with a total of 11 genes, whereas five genes showed signification association in the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction group. (confex.com)
Inflammation1
- Primus Pharmaceuticals claims the drug works by "restoring the body's metabolic balance, especially those responsible for inflammation. (consumersafetywatch.com)