Hypertrophy and thickening of tissues from causes other than filarial infection, the latter being described as ELEPHANTIASIS, FILARIAL.
Parasitic infestation of the human lymphatic system by WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI or BRUGIA MALAYI. It is also called lymphatic filariasis.
Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face.
A white threadlike worm which causes elephantiasis, lymphangitis, and chyluria by interfering with the lymphatic circulation. The microfilaria are found in the circulating blood and are carried by mosquitoes.
Edema due to obstruction of lymph vessels or disorders of the lymph nodes.
A genus of filarial nematodes.
A superfamily of nematodes of the suborder SPIRURINA. Its organisms possess a filiform body and a mouth surrounded by papillae.
A species of parasitic nematode causing Malayan filariasis and having a distribution centering roughly on the Malay peninsula. The life cycle of B. malayi is similar to that of WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI, except that in most areas the principal mosquito vectors belong to the genus Mansonia.
A filarial worm of Southeast Asia, producing filariasis and elephantiasis in various mammals including man. It was formerly included in the genus WUCHERERIA.
An independent state in eastern Africa. Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered on the north and northeast by Eritrea, on the east by Djibouti and Somalia, on the south by Kenya, and on the west and southwest by Sudan. Its capital is Addis Ababa.
Pharmacological agents destructive to nematodes in the superfamily Filarioidea.
An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.

Candidate parasitic diseases. (1/402)

This paper discusses five parasitic diseases: American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease), dracunculiasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis and schistosomiasis. The available technology and health infrastructures in developing countries permit the eradication of dracunculiasis and the elimination of lymphatic filariasis due to Wuchereria bancrofti. Blindness due to onchocerciasis and transmission of this disease will be prevented in eleven West African countries; transmission of Chagas disease will be interrupted. A well-coordinated international effort is required to ensure that scarce resources are not wasted, efforts are not duplicated, and planned national programmes are well supported.  (+info)

Efficacy of five annual single doses of diethylcarbamazine for treatment of lymphatic filariasis in Fiji. (2/402)

Annual single-dose treatments with diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) at a dose of 6 mg/kg have been reported effective in reducing microfilariae (mf) rate and density and applicable to large-scale filariasis control campaigns. However, the efficacy of such treatments has not been studied quantitatively in relation to different pretreatment levels of endemicity. This study of 32 villages in Fiji revealed that five treatments repeated annually steadily reduced village mf rate, and that the degree of reduction was not influenced by pretreatment levels of mf density or rate. This indicates that an annual dosage scheme is applicable to high-endemicity areas. The results also suggest that such treatment affected juvenile forms of Wuchereria bancrofti and may prevent them from reproducing.  (+info)

Treatment costs and loss of work time to individuals with chronic lymphatic filariasis in rural communities in south India. (3/402)

This year-round case-control study investigated treatment costs and work time loss to people affected by chronic lymphatic filariasis in two rural communities in south India. About three-quarters of the patients sought treatment for filariasis at least once and 52% of them paid for treatment, incurring a mean annual expenditure of Rs. 72 (US $2.1; range Rs. 0-1360 (US $39.0)). Doctor's fees and medicines constituted 57% and 23% of treatment costs. The proportion of people seeking treatment was smaller and treatment costs constituted a higher proportion of household income in lower income groups. Most patients did not leave work, but spent only 4.36+/-3.41 h per day on economic activity compared to 5.25+/-3.52 h worked by controls; the mean difference of 0.89+/-4.20 h per day was highly significant (P<0.01). This loss of work time is perpetual, as chronic disease manifestations are mostly irreversible. An estimated 8% of potential male labour input is lost due to the disease. Regression analyses revealed that lymphatic filariasis has a significant effect on work time allotted to economic activity (P<0.05) but not on absenteeism from work (P>0.05). Female patients spent 0.31+/-1.42 h less on domestic activity compared to their matched controls (P<0.05). The results clearly show that the chronic form of lymphatic filariasis inflicts a considerable economic burden on affected individuals.  (+info)

Anti-filarial IgG4 in men and women living in Brugia malayi-endemic areas. (4/402)

To assess whether antifilarial IgG4 can be used to study various epidemiological facets of filarial infections, we studied this isotype in 238 individuals resident in areas endemic for brugian filariasis, focusing on the differences between men and women. In the study area, the prevalence of microfilariae was 6.7% and the prevalence of antifilarial IgG4 was 49.2%. All microfilariae carriers were positive for antifilarial IgG4, whereas a proportion of the endemic normals (94/208) and clephantiasis patients (7/14) had IgG4 antibodies to filarial antigens. Data were analysed as a function of gender in distinct clinical groups and stratified for age. The prevalence of microfilariae was higher in males in all age groups, as reflected in significantly higher antifilarial IgG4 antibody levels compared to females. The prevalence of IgG4 increased to reach a plateau at the age of 30 years in both males and females. These results indicate that antifilarial IgG4 antibodies can reflect the differences in the extent of infection in males and females as measured by microfilarial counts, and that this parameter can be used for epidemiological assessments of filarial infection.  (+info)

Helminth- and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-induced immunity in children sensitized in utero to filariasis and schistosomiasis. (5/402)

Infants and children are routinely vaccinated with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in areas of the world where worm infections are common. Because maternal helminth infection during pregnancy can sensitize the developing fetus, we studied whether this prenatal immunity persists in childhood and modifies the immune response to BCG. Children and newborns living in rural Kenya, where BCG is administered at birth and filariasis and schistosomiasis are endemic, were examined. T cells from 2- to 10-year-old children of mothers without filariasis or schistosomiasis produced 10-fold more IFN-gamma in response to mycobacterial purified protein derivative than children of helminth-infected mothers (p < 0.01). This relationship was restricted to purified protein derivative because maternal infection status did not correlate with filarial Ag-driven IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-4, or IL-5 responses by children. Prospective studies initiated at birth showed that helminth-specific T cell immunity acquired in utero is maintained until at least 10-14 mo of age in the absence of infection with either Wuchereria bancrofti or Schistosoma haematobium. Purified protein derivative-driven T cell IFN-gamma production evaluated 10-14 mo after BCG vaccination was 26-fold higher for infants who were not sensitized to filariae or schistosomes in utero relative to subjects who experienced prenatal sensitization (p < 0.01). These data indicate that helminth-specific immune responses acquired during gestation persist into childhood and that this prenatal sensitization biases T cell immunity induced by BCG vaccination away from type 1 IFN-gamma responses associated with protection against mycobacterial infection.  (+info)

A longitudinal study of Bancroftian filariasis in the Nile Delta of Egypt: baseline data and one-year follow-up. (6/402)

We initiated a longitudinal study of Bancroftian filariasis to improve understanding of dynamics and risk factors for infection in villages near Cairo, Egypt. Baseline prevalence rates for microfilaremia and filarial antigenemia for 1,853 subjects more than 9 years of age were 7.7% and 11.2%, respectively. Microfilaria counts, antigen levels, and microfilaremia incidence over a 1-year period were all significantly lower in older people. These findings suggest that humans develop partial immunity to Wuchereria bancrofti over time. One-year incidence rates for microfilaremia and antigenemia were 1.8% and 3.1%, respectively. Filarial antigenemia, IgG4 antibody to recombinant antigen BmM14, and household infection were all significant risk factors for microfilaremia incidence. Microfilaria counts and parasite antigen levels were significantly reduced by diethylcarbamazine therapy, but many infected subjects refused treatment, and most treated people were still infected one year later. Incident infections approximately balanced infections lost to produce an apparent state of dynamic equilibrium.  (+info)

Acute disease episodes in a Wuchereria bancrofti-endemic area of Papua New Guinea. (7/402)

Acute disease episodes of Bancroftian filariasis were monitored prospectively in a rural area of Papua New Guinea. The frequency and duration of episodes were recorded for the leg, arm, scrotum, and breast. A very high incidence of acute disease was observed; 0.31 episodes per person-year in the leg alone. Incidence generally increased with age, except in the breast, where episodes were concentrated in the reproductive age range. Males had slightly higher incidence than females in the leg and arm. Chronic disease was strongly associated with acute disease incidence in all locations. Microfilaremia had a statistically significant association with acute disease in the leg, arm, and breast, but not the scrotum. This study again demonstrates the high burden of acute manifestations of lymphatic filariasis, and provides new information on risk factors, which may lead to better understanding of etiology and control prospects.  (+info)

Bloodmeal microfilariae density and the uptake and establishment of Wuchereria bancrofti infections in Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti. (8/402)

The relationship between ingestion of microfilariae (mf), production of infective larvae (L3) and mf density in human blood has been suggested as an important determinant in the transmission dynamics of lymphatic filariasis. Here we assess the role of these factors in determining the competence of a natural vector Culex quinquefasciatus and a non vector Aedes aegypti to transmit Wuchereria bancrofti. Mosquitoes were infected via a membrane feeding procedure. Both mosquito species ingested more than the expected number of microfilariae (concentrating factor was 1.28 and 1.81 for Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti, respectively) but Cx. quinquefasciatus ingested around twice as many mf as Ae. aegypti because its larger blood meal size. Ae. aegypti showed a faster mf migration capacity compared to Cx. quinquefasciatus but did not allow parasite maturation under our experimental conditions. Similar proportions of melanized parasites were observed in Ae. aegypti (2. 4%) and Cx. quinquefasciatus (2.1%). However, no relationship between rate of infection and melanization was observed. We conclude that in these conditions physiological factors governing parasite development in the thorax may be more important in limiting vectorial competence than the density of mf ingested.  (+info)

Elephantiasis is a rare, tropical disease that is characterized by the extreme enlargement and hardening of body parts, usually the legs or genitals, due to the obstruction of lymphatic vessels. This results in the accumulation of fluid in the affected areas, leading to severe swelling and disfigurement.

The two most common forms of elephantiasis are filarial elephantiasis, which is caused by infection with parasitic worms such as Wuchereria bancrofti or Brugia timori, and non-filarial elephantiasis, which can be caused by various factors such as bacterial infections, injuries, or genetic conditions.

Filarial elephantiasis is typically transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes and is preventable through the use of insecticide-treated bed nets and mass drug administration programs. Non-filarial elephantiasis can be prevented by practicing good hygiene, seeking prompt medical treatment for infections or injuries, and receiving appropriate medical care for underlying conditions.

While there is no cure for elephantiasis, various treatments can help alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. These may include surgery to remove affected tissue, physical therapy to manage swelling and prevent further damage to the lymphatic system, and medications to treat any underlying infections or complications.

Elephantiasis, filarial is a medical condition characterized by the severe swelling of limbs or other parts of the body due to the blockage of lymphatic vessels by parasitic worms. It is caused by infection with threadlike nematode filarial worms, such as Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia timori. These worms are transmitted to humans through mosquito bites.

The blockage of lymphatic vessels leads to the accumulation of lymph fluid in the affected area, causing progressive swelling, thickening, and hardening of the skin and underlying tissues. In advanced cases, the skin may become rough, nodular, and fissured, resembling the hide of an elephant, hence the name "elephantiasis."

The condition is usually chronic and can cause significant disability and social stigma. While there is no cure for filarial elephantiasis, various treatments are available to alleviate symptoms, prevent transmission, and halt the progression of the disease. These include antibiotics to kill the worms, surgery to remove the lymphatic obstruction, and various supportive measures to manage the swelling and prevent secondary infections.

Filariasis is a parasitic disease caused by infection with roundworms of the Filarioidea type. The infection is spread through the bite of infected mosquitoes and can lead to various symptoms depending on the type of filarial worm, including lymphatic dysfunction (elephantiasis), eye damage (onchocerciasis or river blindness), and tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. The disease is prevalent in tropical areas with poor sanitation and lack of access to clean water. Preventive measures include wearing protective clothing, using insect repellents, and sleeping under mosquito nets. Treatment typically involves the use of antiparasitic drugs such as diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin.

Wuchereria bancrofti is a parasitic roundworm that causes lymphatic filariasis, also known as elephantiasis. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. The worms infect the lymphatic system and can lead to chronic swelling of body parts such as the limbs, breasts, and genitals, as well as other symptoms including fever, chills, and skin rashes. Wuchereria bancrofti is a significant public health problem in many tropical and subtropical regions around the world.

Lymphedema is a chronic condition characterized by swelling in one or more parts of the body, usually an arm or leg, due to the accumulation of lymph fluid. This occurs when the lymphatic system is unable to properly drain the fluid, often as a result of damage or removal of lymph nodes, or because of a genetic abnormality that affects lymphatic vessel development.

The swelling can range from mild to severe and may cause discomfort, tightness, or a feeling of heaviness in the affected limb. In some cases, lymphedema can also lead to skin changes, recurrent infections, and reduced mobility. The condition is currently not curable but can be managed effectively with various treatments such as compression garments, manual lymphatic drainage, exercise, and skincare routines.

Wuchereria is a genus of parasitic nematode worms that are known to cause lymphatic filariasis, a tropical disease also known as elephantiasis. The two species that are most commonly associated with this disease are Wuchereria bancrofti and Wuchereria malayi.

Wuchereria worms are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. Once inside the human body, the parasites migrate to the lymphatic system, where they can cause inflammation, blockages, and damage to the lymph vessels and nodes. Over time, this can lead to a range of symptoms, including swelling of the limbs, genitals, and breasts, as well as skin thickening and discoloration.

Lymphatic filariasis is a major public health problem in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world, affecting an estimated 120 million people. The disease can be prevented through the use of insecticide-treated bed nets and mass drug administration programs that target the mosquito vectors and the parasitic worms, respectively.

Filarioidea is a superfamily of parasitic nematode (roundworm) worms, many of which are important pathogens in humans and animals. They are transmitted to their hosts through the bite of insect vectors, such as mosquitoes or flies. The filarioid worms can cause a range of diseases known as filariases. Some examples include Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Onchocerca volvulus, which cause lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis) and river blindness, respectively. The adult worms live in the lymphatic system or subcutaneous tissues of their hosts, where they produce microfilariae, the infective stage for the insect vector.

The medical definition of Filarioidea is: A superfamily of parasitic nematode worms that includes several important human pathogens and causes various filariases. The adult worms live in the lymphatic system or subcutaneous tissues, while the microfilariae are taken up by insect vectors during a blood meal and develop into infective larvae inside the vector. These larvae are then transmitted to a new host through the bite of the infected vector.

'Brugia malayi' is a species of parasitic nematode (roundworm) that can infect humans and cause the tropical disease known as lymphatic filariasis. The adult worms typically reside in the lymphatic vessels, where they can cause inflammation, obstruction, and damage to the lymphatic system.

The life cycle of 'Brugia malayi' involves several stages, including microfilariae (immature worms) that are transmitted to a human host through the bite of an infected mosquito vector. Once inside the human body, the microfilariae migrate to the lymphatic vessels and mature into adult worms over a period of several months.

The symptoms of lymphatic filariasis can range from mild to severe, depending on the extent of the infection and the individual's immune response. In some cases, the disease can lead to chronic swelling and deformity of the affected limbs or genitalia, a condition known as elephantiasis.

Preventive measures for lymphatic filariasis include avoiding mosquito bites through the use of insect repellent, long-sleeved clothing, and bed nets, as well as mass drug administration programs to eliminate the parasite from affected communities.

'Brugia' is a genus of parasitic nematode worms that are known to cause lymphatic filariasis, a tropical disease affecting the lymphatic system. There are three main species of Brugia that infect humans: Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, and Brugia garinii. These parasites are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes.

Brugia malayi is found primarily in Southeast Asia, while Brugia timori is restricted to the island of Timor in Indonesia. Brugia garinii, on the other hand, is more widely distributed and can be found in parts of Africa and Asia.

The infection caused by these parasites can lead to a range of symptoms, including fever, swelling of the lymph nodes, and elephantiasis, a condition characterized by severe swelling of the limbs or genitals. Preventive measures such as avoiding mosquito bites and mass drug administration programs are in place to control the spread of lymphatic filariasis caused by Brugia species.

I must clarify that "Ethiopia" is not a medical term or condition. Ethiopia is a country located in the Horn of Africa, known for its rich history and cultural heritage. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with diverse ethnic groups, languages, and religious practices.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, please feel free to ask! I'm here to help.

Filaricides are a type of medication used to treat infections caused by filarial worms, which are parasitic roundworms that can infect humans and animals. These medications work by killing or inhibiting the development of the larval stages of the worms, thereby helping to eliminate the infection and prevent further transmission.

Filaricides are often used to treat diseases such as onchocerciasis (river blindness), lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis), and loiasis (African eye worm). Examples of filaricides include ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, and albendazole. It is important to note that these medications should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as they can have serious side effects if not used properly.

Diethylcarbamazine (DECT or DEC) is an anti-parasitic medication used to treat infections caused by roundworms, including lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis) and river blindness (onchocerciasis). It works by killing the parasitic worms, thus helping to prevent the progression of these diseases.

Diethylcarbamazine is typically available as a prescription oral medication in the form of tablets or capsules. The dosage and duration of treatment will depend on the type and severity of the infection being treated. It's important to note that DEC should only be taken under the supervision of a healthcare professional, as it may have side effects and potential drug interactions.

Medical Citation:
"Diethylcarbamazine." National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Database. U.S. National Library of Medicine. . Accessed on April 18, 2023.

Price, E. W. (1990). Podoconiosis: Non-Filarial Elephantiasis. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0192620029. "Second Edition of ... During his time in Ethiopia, Dr Price became interested in nonfilarial elephantiasis (now known as podoconiosis), a widespread ...
"Podoconiosis: endemic non-filarial elephantiasis". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on April 28, 2016. ... "Podoconiosis: endemic non-filarial elephantiasis". Neglected tropical diseases. World Health Organization. Archived from the ... Tekola F, Mariam DH, Davey G (July 2006). "Economic costs of endemic non-filarial elephantiasis in Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia". ... Podoconiosis, also known as nonfilarial elephantiasis, is a disease of the lymphatic vessels of the lower extremities that is ...
Hotez PJ (2013). "The Filarial Infections: Lymphatic Filariasis (Elephantiasis) and Dracunculiasis (Guinea Worm)". Forgotten ...
... the common antibiotic doxycycline was suggested for treating elephantiasis. Filarial parasites have symbiotic bacteria in the ... Elephantiasis results when the parasites lodge in the lymphatic system.[citation needed] Elephantiasis affects mainly the lower ... Eight known filarial worms have humans as a definitive host. These are divided into three groups according to the part of the ... Some filarial worms, such as M. streptocerca and O. volvulus, produce microfilariae that do not use the blood; they reside in ...
Both elephantiasis nostras and filarial elephantiasis are characterized by impaired lymphatic drainage, which results in excess ... 261 Although elephantiasis nostras resembles the elephantiasis caused by helminths, it is not a filarial disease. Instead, it ... Elephantiasis nostras, is a disease that usually affects the lower legs or scrotum. Swelling is accompanied by rough nodules or ... For persons with elephantiasis nostras who are overweight or obese, weight loss is recommended. Oral retinoids have been used ...
While in Vietnam entertaining troops, Tully contracted a filarial worm, similar to the creature that causes elephantiasis. ...
In 1877 Patrick Manson discovered the life cycle of the filarial worms that cause elephantiasis transmitted by mosquitoes. ...
The two other filarial causes of lymphatic filariasis are Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia timori, which both differ from B. ... Elephantiasis, in addition to the physical burden of a swollen limb, can be a severely debilitating condition given bacterial ... It is likely that the mechanism of doxycycline is similar to that in other filarial species, i.e., a predominant blockade of ... Elephantiasis resulting from B. malayi infection typically affects the distal portions of the extremities. Unlike Bancroftian ...
The ones that mainly occupy lymph vessels and cause conditions such as adenolymphangitis, elephantiasis, and filarial fever are ... Species within this superfamily are known as filarial worms or filariae (singular filaria). Infections with parasitic filarial ... Various filarial diseases specific to humans are candidates for elimination by such means as breaking the cycle of infection. ... Archaeological evidence for elephantiasis for example extends back some 3000 years, by which time apparently it already was no ...
While she worked with this team they were able to sequence the genome of one of species filarial nematode. Filarial nematodes ... Elephantiasis (medically known as lymphatic filariasis) is a disease that causes extreme swelling of limbs often in the legs ... Her work focuses on the molecular biology and genomics of the parasites that cause diseases such as elephantiasis, and river ... During her time at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Elodie Ghedin researched filarial nematodes. ...
... "elephantiasis tropica"),: 438 is a dramatic sign of the advanced stage of lymphatic filariasis. Elephantiasis is an advanced ... "Anti-filarial activity of antibiotic therapy is due to extensive apoptosis after Wolbachia depletion from filarial nematodes". ... describing leprosy as elephantiasis graecorum and lymphatic filariasis as elephantiasis arabum. The first documentation of ... Elephantiasis caused by lymphatic filariasis is one of the most common causes of permanent disability in the world. As of 2018 ...
... kills the symbiotic Wolbachia bacteria in the reproductive tracts of parasitic filarial nematodes, making the ... nematodes sterile, and thus reducing transmission of diseases such as onchocerciasis and elephantiasis. Field trials in 2005 ...
Economic costs of endemic non-filarial elephantiasis in Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia. Tropical Medicine and International Health 11 ( ... non-infectious geochemical elephantiasis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 101 (12) 1175-1180 ...
In the parasitic filarial nematode species responsible for elephantiasis, such as Brugia malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti, ... and elephantiasis in humans, as well as heartworms in dogs. Not only are these disease-causing filarial worms infected with ... A large part of the pathogenicity of filarial nematodes is due to host immune response toward their Wolbachia. Elimination of ... Outside of insects, Wolbachia infects a variety of isopod species, spiders, mites, and many species of filarial nematodes (a ...
... elephantiasis MeSH C15.604.496.320.350 - elephantiasis, filarial MeSH C15.604.515.032 - agammaglobulinemia MeSH C15.604.515.245 ...
... elephantiasis, filarial MeSH C03.335.508.700.750.361.518 - loiasis MeSH C03.335.508.700.750.361.588 - mansonelliasis MeSH ...
It is a vector-borne disease, caused by blackflies infected with filarial worms. It can be treated with ivermectin and ... Their major campaign, End7, aims to end seven of the most common NTDs (elephantiasis, river blindness, snail fever, trachoma, ... Lymphatic filariasis is also known as elephantiasis. There are approximately 120 million individuals infected and 40 million ... Breeding of the Culex mosquito, which transmits filarial parasites, is facilitated through poorly constructed latrines. ...
A genus of filarial roundworm Mansonella was named after him in 1891. In 1876, he married Henrietta Isabella Thurbun, with whom ... He spent his early years researching filaria (a small worm that causes elephantiasis). Manson focused his time on searching for ... That the mosquito (Culex fatigans, now Culex quinquefasciatus) was the intermediate host of the filarial parasite (Wuchereria ...
These filarial worms are spread by a variety of mosquito vector species. W. bancrofti is the most prevalent of the three and ... hence the name elephantiasis to describe the disease.[citation needed] In 1862 in Paris, Jean-Nicolas Demarquay found what ... Wuchereria bancrofti is a filarial (arthropod-borne) nematode (roundworm) that is the major cause of lymphatic filariasis. It ... Once it was introduced to the New World, this filarial worm disease persisted throughout the areas surrounding Charleston, ...
As such, the condition would be a part of more diffuse sequelae commonly referred to as elephantiasis, which also affects the ... Acute/chronic epididymo-orchitis Torsion of testis Testicular tumor Hematocele Filarial hydrocele Post herniorrhaphy Hydrocele ... by interference with lymphatic drainage of scrotal structures as in case of elephantiasis by connection with a hernia of the ...
Sadeghian G, NilfroushZadeh MA, Siadat AH, Ziaei H (2008). "Nodular fibrosis: a rare complication of non filarial lymph edema ... As dermal lymphatic stasis progreses, these skin changes become more marked and known as elephantiasis. Occasionally, tissue ... 41-year-old Japanese man who had suffered from psoriasis vulgaris for several years visited hospital with elephantiasis-like ... indications for partial removal include advanced fibrotic lymphedema and elephantiasis. Despite the existence of these ...
Some parasites (especially filarial nematodes) live in symbiosis with Wolbachia, a type of intracellular parasite bacteria. In ... In cases of lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis) caused by Wuchereria bancrofti or Brugia malayi, albendazole is sometimes ... Elimination of Wolbachia from these filarial nematodes generally results in either death or sterility of the host nematode. ...
Price, E. W. (1990). Podoconiosis: Non-Filarial Elephantiasis. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0192620029. "Second Edition of ... During his time in Ethiopia, Dr Price became interested in nonfilarial elephantiasis (now known as podoconiosis), a widespread ...
Categories: Elephantiasis, Filarial Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...
Filarial elephantiasis among Haitian women: social context and behavioral factors in treatment. Trop Med Int Health. 1998;3:467 ... Skin changes in filarial and non-filarial lymphedema of the lower extremities. Trop Med Parasitol. 1993;44:40-4.PubMedGoogle ... Predominant CD8+ infiltrate in limb biopsies of individuals with filarial lymphedema and elephantiasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1995 ... Two patients had filarial antigen detected in the blood by ICT. Both were treated with diethylcarbamazine, the drug of choice ...
Categories: Elephantiasis, Filarial Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...
5. Filarial worm. Elephantiasis affected legs. Image credits: CDC/Wikimedia Commons. The filarial worm (also known as ... this condition is called elephantiasis or filariasis. In many cases, the infected person becomes permanently disabled because ...
Elephantiasis, Filarial, see Filariasis. Emergencies. Emerging and dangerous pathogens laboratory network. Emerging diseases ...
... which is colloquially known as elephantiasis, is a parasitic disease caused by the nematodes Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia ... Cohen LB, Nelson G, Wood AM, Manson-Bahr PE, Bowen R. Lymphangiography in filarial lymphoedema and elephantiasis. Am J Trop Med ... encoded search term (Filarial Hydrocele) and Filarial Hydrocele What to Read Next on Medscape ... Filarial Hydrocele. Updated: Jan 05, 2021 * Author: Bradley Fields Schwartz, DO, FACS; Chief Editor: Edward David Kim, MD, FACS ...
Volcanic minerals behind mystery elephantiasis outbreak in Uganda ... This method of contracting the disease is known as podoconiosis, or non-filarial elephantiasis…" (Senthilingam, 4/10). ... CNN: Volcanic minerals behind mystery elephantiasis outbreak in Uganda. "…[Elephantiasis] is typically caused by infection with ... Podoconiosis, Caused By Volcanic Minerals, Mistaken For Elephantiasis In Western Ugandan Outbreak ...
... which is colloquially known as elephantiasis, is a parasitic disease caused by the nematodes Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia ... Cohen LB, Nelson G, Wood AM, Manson-Bahr PE, Bowen R. Lymphangiography in filarial lymphoedema and elephantiasis. Am J Trop Med ... encoded search term (Filarial Hydrocele) and Filarial Hydrocele What to Read Next on Medscape ... The characteristic movements of adult filarial worms are called the filarial dance sign (FDS) and are a reliable diagnostic ...
So, NEB has been working on filarial parasites for a long time and one of our main focuses of research is to develop diagnostic ... They cause diseases known as lymphatic filariasis commonly known as Elephantiasis and African River Blindness. So, while ... So, because LAMP has proven to be a great method for diagnosing filarial infections as well as a variety of other tropical ... LAMP is a really good way of detecting filarial parasites, because you can design very sensitive and very species-specific ...
The disease is spread by mosquitoes infected with filarial worm parasites and can lead to severe, irreversible disfigurement ( ... elephantiasis) and chronic pain. The World Health Organization has called for the elimination of LF by 2020. ...
... commonly known as elephantiasis) can be eliminated is reported in The Lancet. LF is one of the worlds most disfiguring and ... The disease is spread by mosquitoes that carry the filarial worms Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori. The ... Clear evidence that Lymphatic Filariasis (LF, commonly known as elephantiasis) can be eliminated is reported in The Lancet. LF ... Tags: Antibody, Children, Elephantiasis, Filariasis, GlaxoSmithKline, Lymphatic Filariasis, Lymphatic System, Medicine, ...
Elephantiasis, Filarial 9 * Neglected Diseases 9 * Health Promotion 8 * Hepatitis 8 BIREME - OPAS - OMS Centro Latino-Americano ...
Filarial infection can also cause tropical pulmonary eosinophilia syndrome. Eosinophilia is a higher than normal level of ... This causes hardening and thickening of the skin, which is called elephantiasis. Many of these bacterial infections can be ... People with lymphedema and elephantiasis are not likely to benefit from DEC treatment because most people with lymphedema are ... not actively infected with the filarial parasite. Physicians can obtain DEC from CDC after lab results confirm infection. ...
Podoconiosis, also known as non-filarial elephantiasis, was recently designated a neglected tropical disease by the World ...
Elephantiasis. Filarial periodicity. The great experiment. Manson and malaria. Life or death?. Ronald Ross (1857-1932). The ... Elephantiasis. Elephantiasis, a disease widely distributed throughout the tropical and sub-tropical world, causes anything from ... The filarial worms wriggle about in the watery fluid of the blood. They are the children of highly organised male and female ... Filarial Periodicity. In the course of his researches Manson discovered that the worms disappeared from the finger blood of ...
Lymphatic filariasis: Also known as elephantiasis, this NTD is caused by infection by filarial parasites transmitted through ...
Understanding Elephantiasis treatment in homeopathy and the best Elephantiasis homeopathic medicine with Doctor Bhatia. ... The most common filarial species is Wuchereria bancrofti, but Brugia malayi and Brugia timori cause the infection in Asia. It ... Causes of elephantiasis Elephantiasis is caused by threadlike worms (nematodes) that live in the lymphatic system; it is ... Prevention of elephantiasis Controlling the spread and breeding of larvae bearing mosquitoes is the most effective way of ...
... non-filarial, lymphatic insufficiency. While primary lymphatic disorders should be excluded, lymphoedema secondary to venous ... We present the case of a 62-year-old woman presenting with a four-year history of elephantiasis nostras verrucosa progressing ... Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa is the end-stage manifestation of chronic, ... Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa is the end-stage manifestation of chronic, non-filarial, lymphatic insufficiency. While primary ...
"Filarial nematodes are in general pretty nasty creatures," says Broad researcher Chris Desjardins. "They dont get as much ... In worms like those that cause river blindness and elephantiasis, Wolbachia provides an undetermined, yet essential, role. ... He explains that while Loa loa does less damage than a few of its filarial cousins, sometimes causing pain or swelling under ... Genomics of Loa loa, a Wolbachia-free filarial parasite of humans. Nat Genet. 2013 Mar 24. doi: 10.1038/ng.2585. ...
... they had what they called elephantitis. [Editors Note: Elephantitis or elephantiasis involves the swelling and hardening of ... The condition is caused by the infestation of the lymph glands by a filarial worm.] "Moo-moo," they called it "moo-moo," but ... I do know that that time I said we were in American Samoa, we brought back some military because they had elephantitis. ...
Filarial parasites can be classified according to the habitat of the adult worms in the vertebral host, as follows (see ... Doxycycline improves filarial lymphedema independent of active filarial infection: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Infect ... This is a close-up view of the unilateral lower leg elephantiasis shown in the previous image. Note the lymphedema and typical ... The pathogenesis of filarial lymphedema: is it the worm or is it the host?. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002 Dec. 979:131-42; discussion ...
The disease is better known as elephantiasis. There has been some success in stopping the spread of the disease by using ... Lymphatic filariasis is caused by infections from parasites called filarial worms and leads to abnormal enlargements of body ...
Elephantiasis due to mastectomy Obliteration of lymphatic vessel due to mastectomy 457.1 Other lymphedema Elephantiasis ( ... filarial (125.0-125.9) tunica vaginalis (nonfilarial) (608.84) 457.9 Unspecified noninfectious disorder of lymphatic channels ... elephantiasis (nonfilarial): congenital (757.0) eyelid (374.83) vulva (624.8) 457.2 Lymphangitis Lymphangitis: NOS chronic ...
Studies undertaken in the recent past have shown when elephantiasis (a chronic filarial ailment that results in lymphatic ...
Elephantiasis, Filarial. General subdivision. drug therapy.. 650 02 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM. ...
Elephantiasis treatment at Homoeopathic , Homoeopathic Treatment of Elephantiasis, Elephantiasis Treatment in India, ... Lymphatic filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis, is a neglected tropical disease. Infection occurs when filarial ... Elephantiasis is the enlargement and hardening of limbs or body parts due to tissue swelling. It is characterised by edema, ... Patients with active filarial infection typically have elevated levels of antifilarial IgG4 in the blood and these can be ...
  • Globally, lymphedema following infection with the filarial parasite Wuchereria bancrofti is more common in women than in men ( 6 , 16 , 17 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Lymphatic filariasis, which is colloquially known as elephantiasis, is a parasitic disease caused by the nematodes Wuchereria bancrofti (see the image below), Brugia malayi , and Brugia timori . (medscape.com)
  • The disease is spread by mosquitoes that carry the filarial worms Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori. (news-medical.net)
  • The parasite worms Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi cause filariasis, which may lead to elephantiasis. (hpathy.com)
  • The most common filarial species is Wuchereria bancrofti , but Brugia malayi and Brugia timori cause the infection in Asia. (hpathy.com)
  • Loa loa is a member of the filarial nematode (roundworm) family, which also includes worms that cause river blindness ( Onchocerca volvulus ) and elephantiasis ( Wuchereria bancrofti ). (broadinstitute.org)
  • 1. Lymphatic filariasis in Africa is caused by a filarial worm, Wuchereria bancrofti, that is transmitted mainly by female Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes. (who.int)
  • This disease is caused by the filarial worm Wuchereria ( W.bancrofti and W. malayi ). (excellup.com)
  • These two NTDs are caused by parasitic roundworms, the filarial nematodes Onchocerca volvulus (onchocerciasis), Wuchereria bancrofti , Brugia malayi , and Brugia timori (lymphatic filariasis). (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is caused by three parasitic filarial worms, out of which Wuchereria bancrofti is the cause of 99.4 percent cases in India. (babydestination.com)
  • The filarial nematode Brugia malayi represents a leading cause of disability in the developing world, causing lymphatic filariasis in nearly 40 million people. (nyu.edu)
  • It is basically a syndrome caused by nematode parasite called the filarial worm. (healthaio.com)
  • Filarial nematode infections are a major health concern in several countries. (bvsalud.org)
  • Wolbachia are essential for multiple components of filarial nematode biology including larval growth and the production of offspring and, ultimately, survival of many filarial nematodes, including the causative parasites of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis, making this symbiont a very attractive chemotherapeutic target for the treatment of both diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The development of lymphatic filariasis is attributed to filarial parasites, which belong to the nematode family. (healthida.com)
  • Overview of Filarial Nematode Infections Filarioidea are a superfamily of threadlike, parasitic worms, with numerous families, genus, and species. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Wolbachia ( w Bm) is an obligate endosymbiotic bacterium of Brugia malayi , a parasitic filarial nematode of humans and one of the causative agents of lymphatic filariasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Filarial nematode phenotypic screening cascade to identify compounds with anti-parasitic activity for drug discovery optimization. (microbiology-bonn.de)
  • The disease is spread by mosquitoes infected with filarial worm parasites and can lead to severe, irreversible disfigurement (elephantiasis) and chronic pain. (cdc.gov)
  • Also known as elephantiasis, this NTD is caused by infection by filarial parasites transmitted through the bite of infected female mosquitoes. (kit.nl)
  • Lymphatic filariasis is caused by infections from parasites called filarial worms and leads to abnormal enlargements of body parts, which causes great pain. (borgenproject.org)
  • Infection occurs when filarial parasites are transmitted to humans through mosquitoes. (askdrmakkar.com)
  • Elephantiasis is produced due to the disease Filariasis which is caused by parasites, which spread through mosquito bites to humans. (askdrshah.com)
  • Elephantiasis is caused by filarial parasites and it happens over a long period of time due to the recurrence of infection. (askdrshah.com)
  • This parasitic infection is caused by filarial parasites and transmitted through mosquito vectors. (healthida.com)
  • Lymphatic filariasis is caused by filarial parasites and is transmitted through mosquito vectors and human hosts. (healthida.com)
  • The presence of filarial parasites in the lymphatic system triggers inflammatory responses, causing damage and obstruction to the lymphatic vessels, leading to the characteristic symptoms of lymphatic filariasis such as lymphedema, hydrocele, and elephantiasis. (healthida.com)
  • There is a pressing need for new drugs against filarial parasites, such as B. malayi . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Filarial parasites can cause debilitating diseases such as lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis) and onchocerciasis (river blindness), but they also modulate the immune system of their hosts to prevent the development of pathology and to enable their long-term survival within the host. (microbiology-bonn.de)
  • Lymphedema of the limb is a physically deforming and socially stigmatizing consequence of filarial infection that affects ≈15 million persons worldwide ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Elephantiasis] is typically caused by infection with parasitic worms, transmitted through certain mosquito species. (kff.org)
  • Filarial infection can also cause tropical pulmonary eosinophilia syndrome. (cdc.gov)
  • In tropical and subtropical areas where elephantiasis is common, the infection is continuing to increase due to the rapid and unplanned growth of cities, which creates numerous breeding sites for the mosquitoes that transmit the disease. (hpathy.com)
  • Elephantiasis is a parasitic infection which results in swelling of the legs and arms. (healthaio.com)
  • Patients with chronic disabilities like elephantiasis, lymphoedema or hydrocele are advised to maintain rigorous hygiene and take necessary precautions to prevent secondary infection and aggravation of the disease condition. (who.int)
  • Elephantiasis is a parasitic infection that results to extreme swelling of the limbs. (worced.com)
  • AAWZ1066S showed far superior efficacy (depletion of Wolbachia and sterilisation of microfilaria production) than the 'Gold-standard' anti- Wolbachia drug, doxycycline, at 7-day treatment regimens in two independent filarial infection animal models. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The treatment of Elephantiasis is essentially targeted at treating the active infection of Filaria. (askdrshah.com)
  • So the lymphatic swelling would not reduce significantly even after successful treatment of Filarial infection. (askdrshah.com)
  • Lymphatic filariasis, which is also known as elephantiasis, is an infection that attacks the lymphatic system and causes painful, swollen limbs. (babydestination.com)
  • Filarial nematodes are in general pretty nasty creatures," says Broad researcher Chris Desjardins. (broadinstitute.org)
  • In addition to its growing clinical importance due to serious reactions after ivermectin treatment, Loa loa is an interesting subject of study because it is unique among filarial nematodes. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Elephantiasis is a nematodes disease. (provisurgicals.com)
  • Diethylcarbamazine has synergistic effects in combination with emodepside on Brugia, inhibiting motility: emodepside is an anthelmintic that has effects on filarial nematodes and is under trial for the treatment of river blindness. (bvsalud.org)
  • In endemic areas, filarial hydrocele is a major cause of disability and disfigurement, as well as a source of direct and indirect economic loss, social stigma, family discord, and sexual burden. (medscape.com)
  • 2. The main complications of lymphatic fi lariasis are elephantiasis, lymphoedema and hydrocele. (who.int)
  • The main manifestations of LF are elephantiasis, lymphoedema and hydrocele (see photos, Annex 2). (who.int)
  • When lymphatic filariasis develops into chronic conditions it leads to lymphoedema (tissue swelling) or elephantiasis (skin/tissue thickening) of limbs and hydrocele (scrotal swelling). (askdrmakkar.com)
  • Clear evidence that Lymphatic Filariasis (LF, commonly known as elephantiasis) can be eliminated is reported in The Lancet . (news-medical.net)
  • Elephantiasis Massive swelling of the legs also known as lymphatic FILARIASIS, It is caused by obstructed lymph vessels, which prevents drainage of lymph from the surrounding tissue. (hpathy.com)
  • Lymphatic filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis, is a neglected tropical disease. (askdrmakkar.com)
  • Nearly 1.4 billion people in 73 countries worldwide are threatened by lymphatic filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis. (who.int)
  • Onchocerciasis (river blindness) and lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis) are neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that cause severe disability and affect more than 106 million people, according to the latest reports from WHO. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Global programmes for control and elimination, such as APOC and OEPA for onchocerciasis and GPELF for lymphatic filariasis have been developed and made significant progress, but existing approaches principally target only the early larval stage of filarial worms known as microfilaria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Actually, Lymphatic Filariasis is called Elephantiasis, as it produces the above-stated symptoms. (askdrshah.com)
  • For the last 12 years, the Ministry of Health and Population has been launching a mass drug administration programme against lymphatic filariasis or elephantiasis in Banke district. (kathmandupost.com)
  • Banke is one among 10 districts where the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis or elephantiasis is very high. (kathmandupost.com)
  • Prevalence of lymphatic filariasis or elephantiasis is very high in Banke district. (kathmandupost.com)
  • Filariasis is the disease which is caused by a group of filarial worms. (ijpjournal.com)
  • 2) Filarial immunomodulation and its beneficial impact on life-style diseases such as diet-induced insulin resistance in both the L. sigmodontis animal model as well as a human study with filariasis patients in Cameroon. (microbiology-bonn.de)
  • This medication can also be helpful in people dealing with lymphatic filariasis - a disease caused by filarial worms, which affects the lymphatic system. (kuetherbrainandspine.com)
  • The mosquito-borne parasitic disease is caused by filarial worms transmitted by different kinds of mosquitoes including Culex, Anopheles, and Aedes. (kathmandupost.com)
  • In worms like those that cause river blindness and elephantiasis, Wolbachia provides an undetermined, yet essential, role. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Although the factors responsible for the initiation and progression of filarial lymphedema to its most severe form, elephantiasis, have been debated, recurrent episodes of bacterial acute dermatolymphangioadenitis (ADLA) play a major role ( 7 - 9 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Lammie PJ, Cuenco KT, Punkosdy GA. The pathogenesis of filarial lymphedema: is it the worm or is it the host? (medscape.com)
  • People with lymphedema and elephantiasis are not likely to benefit from DEC treatment because most people with lymphedema are not actively infected with the filarial parasite. (cdc.gov)
  • Chronic pitting lymphedema of a lower extremity can progress to elephantiasis (chronic lymphatic obstruction). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Heavy infections can lead to elephantiasis, which has serious effects on individuals' lives. (bvsalud.org)
  • This method of contracting the disease is known as podoconiosis, or non-filarial elephantiasis…" (Senthilingam, 4/10). (kff.org)
  • A new insight into the pathogenesis of filarial disease. (medscape.com)
  • Podoconiosis, also known as non-filarial elephantiasis, was recently designated a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization (WHO). (nih.gov)
  • The disease is better known as elephantiasis. (borgenproject.org)
  • The painful and profoundly disfiguring visible manifestations of the disease, lymphoedema, elephantiasis and scrotal swelling occur later in life and can lead to permanent disability. (askdrmakkar.com)
  • This disease is caused by the filarial worm. (healthaio.com)
  • Non-Filarial Elephantiasis - Confirmed as a Geochemical Disease and Renamed Podoconiosis. (rdsjournal.org)
  • This disease is also known as elephantiasis. (excellup.com)
  • Elephantiasis is a disease in which the patient's leg may swell up like that of an elephant. (askdrshah.com)
  • Chronic filarial disease develops insidiously after many years. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In rare cases, it causes a disease called elephantiasis. (kuetherbrainandspine.com)
  • Filarial hydroceles are more difficult to excise surgically than idiopathic hydroceles, because of scarring and fibrosis. (medscape.com)
  • Motile adult worms may be seen in symptomatic and subclinical filarial hydroceles. (medscape.com)
  • Acute episodes of local inflammation involving skin, lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels often accompany chronic lymphoedema or elephantiasis. (askdrmakkar.com)
  • Reasons for this discrepancy are unclear but may be related to differences in the "preferred" anatomic location of the adult filarial worm between men and women ( 18 ) and biologic factors, particularly pregnancy, that further stress the lymphatic system in women. (cdc.gov)
  • The characteristic movements of adult filarial worms are called the filarial dance sign (FDS) and are a reliable diagnostic finding. (medscape.com)
  • Podoconiosis is endemic non-filarial elephantiasis which affects people who walk barefoot on irritant clay soils for many years. (rdsjournal.org)
  • M.J. "Podoconiosis: non-infectious geochemical elephantiasis. (rdsjournal.org)
  • He explains that while Loa loa does less damage than a few of its filarial cousins, sometimes causing pain or swelling under the skin, it is still "horrifying" since the worm often goes unnoticed until it enters the eye. (broadinstitute.org)
  • It is when the mosquito sucks blood containing eggs of filarial worm. (worced.com)
  • Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa is the end-stage manifestation of chronic, non-filarial, lymphatic insufficiency. (scienceopen.com)
  • Their definitive hosts are vertebrates, but only a few filarial species infect humans. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Various surgical procedures have been developed to remove the edematous tissue in patients with genital elephantiasis. (medscape.com)
  • It also increases the risk of frequent bacterial infections that harden and thicken the skin (elephantiasis). (askdrmakkar.com)
  • Eosinophils in filarial infections: Inducers of protection or pathology? (microbiology-bonn.de)
  • Discovery of Substituted Di(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-amines as Novel Macrofilaricidal Compounds for the Treatment of Human Filarial Infections. (microbiology-bonn.de)
  • Ir-reversible 'elephantiasis' is the major clinical manifestation for LF. (ijpjournal.com)
  • Elephantiasis is caused by obstructed lymph vessels, which prevents drainage of lymph from the surrounding tissue. (hpathy.com)
  • Elephantiasis is the enlargement and hardening of limbs or body parts due to tissue swelling. (askdrmakkar.com)
  • Once Elephantiasis takes place, that is, in the cases with large swelling of limps, legs, hands, genitals, etc. homeopathic medicines do not or cannot cure the swollen body parts. (askdrshah.com)
  • More than 120 million people have been affected by elephantiasis: one third in India, another third in Africa, and most of the rest in Southeast Asia, the Pacific, and the Americas. (hpathy.com)
  • Elephantiasis can look ugly and disfiguring due to large swollen body parts, including a large scrotum. (askdrshah.com)