Suppurative inflammation of the tissues of the internal structures of the eye frequently associated with an infection.
Infections in the inner or external eye caused by microorganisms belonging to several families of bacteria. Some of the more common genera found are Haemophilus, Neisseria, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Chlamydia.
The transparent, semigelatinous substance that fills the cavity behind the CRYSTALLINE LENS of the EYE and in front of the RETINA. It is contained in a thin hyaloid membrane and forms about four fifths of the optic globe.
Removal of the whole or part of the vitreous body in treating endophthalmitis, diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, intraocular foreign bodies, and some types of glaucoma.
The removal of a cataractous CRYSTALLINE LENS from the eye.
Infection by a variety of fungi, usually through four possible mechanisms: superficial infection producing conjunctivitis, keratitis, or lacrimal obstruction; extension of infection from neighboring structures - skin, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx; direct introduction during surgery or accidental penetrating trauma; or via the blood or lymphatic routes in patients with underlying mycoses.
Deeply perforating or puncturing type intraocular injuries.
Infections with bacteria of the family BACILLACEAE.
Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries.
Acute suppurative inflammation of the inner eye with necrosis of the sclera (and sometimes the cornea) and extension of the inflammation into the orbit. Pain may be severe and the globe may rupture. In endophthalmitis the globe does not rupture.
The surgical removal of the inner contents of the eye, leaving the sclera intact. It should be differentiated from ORBIT EVISCERATION which removes the entire contents of the orbit, including eyeball, blood vessels, muscles, fat, nerve supply, and periosteum.
Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the eye.
A procedure for removal of the crystalline lens in cataract surgery in which an anterior capsulectomy is performed by means of a needle inserted through a small incision at the temporal limbus, allowing the lens contents to fall through the dilated pupil into the anterior chamber where they are broken up by the use of ultrasound and aspirated out of the eye through the incision. (Cline, et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed & In Focus 1993;1(1):1)
The administration of substances into the VITREOUS BODY of the eye with a hypodermic syringe.
Artificial implanted lenses.
Clarity or sharpness of OCULAR VISION or the ability of the eye to see fine details. Visual acuity depends on the functions of RETINA, neuronal transmission, and the interpretative ability of the brain. Normal visual acuity is expressed as 20/20 indicating that one can see at 20 feet what should normally be seen at that distance. Visual acuity can also be influenced by brightness, color, and contrast.
A species of STAPHYLOCOCCUS that is a spherical, non-motile, gram-positive, chemoorganotrophic, facultative anaerobe. Mainly found on the skin and mucous membrane of warm-blooded animals, it can be primary pathogen or secondary invader.
Introduction of substances into the body using a needle and syringe.
Surgery performed on the eye or any of its parts.
Infection, moderate to severe, caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses, which occurs either on the external surface of the eye or intraocularly with probable inflammation, visual impairment, or blindness.
Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.
Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.
The clear, watery fluid which fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. It has a refractive index lower than the crystalline lens, which it surrounds, and is involved in the metabolism of the cornea and the crystalline lens. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed, p319)
A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria commensal in the respiratory tract.
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.
Insertion of an artificial lens to replace the natural CRYSTALLINE LENS after CATARACT EXTRACTION or to supplement the natural lens which is left in place.
Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.
The presence of organisms, or any foreign material that makes a drug preparation impure.
Diseases affecting the eye.
Application of pharmaceutically active agents on the tissues of the EYE.
The organ of sight constituting a pair of globular organs made up of a three-layered roughly spherical structure specialized for receiving and responding to light.
An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol. The iodine may be radiolabeled for research purposes.
The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Abiotrophia species as a cause of endophthalmitis following cataract extraction. (1/474)

Microorganisms of the genus Abiotrophia, members of the oral flora, are known as important causes of bacterial endocarditis. In this study, we report two individual cases of acute vitreous infection caused by Abiotrophia adiacens and Abiotrophia defectiva approximately a week after cataract extraction. Abiotrophia isolates were recovered by cultivation of vitreous humor on chocolate agar and identified via conventional and API 20 Strep identification systems. An 83-year-old male patient (A) and an 80-year-old female patient (B) demonstrated almost identical symptoms of infectious endophthalmitis manifested as hypopyon and opaque media. The vision of both patients was reduced to detection of hand motion in the left and the right eyes, respectively. An emergency pars plana core vitrectomy was performed, and intraocular antibiotics were administered to each patient, who presented 8 months apart in two different institutions. Patients A and B were treated with an intravitreal injection of vancomycin-amikacin and vancomycin-ceftazidime, respectively, which resulted in complete recovery.  (+info)

Results of peripheral laser photocoagulation in pars planitis. (2/474)

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of peripheral retinal laser photocoagulation (PLP) on visual acuity, intraocular inflammation, and other ocular findings, including retinal neovascularization in eyes with pars planitis. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of eyes with pars planitis that had undergone PLP. RESULTS: Twenty-two eyes in 17 patients with pars planitis had undergone treatment with PLP at 2 centers. The mean age at the time of treatment was 19.3 years. Following treatment, mean follow-up was 16.3 months (range, 6 to 37 months). Mean visual acuity was 20/60 preoperatively and 20/50 postoperatively. This level of improvement was not statistically significant (P > .10), but there was a statistically significant decrease in the use of corticosteroids between the preoperative examination and the last postoperative examination (86% versus 27%, P < .05). There was also a statistically significant decrease in vitritis at the last follow-up (P = .0008) and a decrease in neovascularization of the vitreous base (P = .03) and in clinically apparent cystoid macular edema (P = .02). Epiretinal membranes were noted in 23% of eyes preoperatively and in 45% of eyes postoperatively. Only one of these epiretinal membranes was considered to be visually significant. One eye developed a tonic dilated pupil, which slowly improved. CONCLUSIONS: Although the long-term natural history of clinical findings in pars planitis is not well documented, PLP appears to decrease the need for corticosteroids while stabilizing visual acuity. It also appears to decrease vitreous inflammation. PLP has few complications and should be considered in patients with pars planitis who are unresponsive or have adverse reactions to corticosteroids.  (+info)

Pathogenesis of gram-positive bacterial endophthalmitis. (3/474)

The severity of endophthalmitis has been associated generally with the virulence of the offending pathogen. However, precisely what constitutes the virulence in intraocular infections remains ill defined. We therefore sought to identify the basis for virulence for three common ocular pathogens (Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus) in terms of intraocular growth rates, bacterial localization patterns, and the contribution of cell walls and secreted products to the pathogenesis of endophthalmitis. Rabbit eyes were injected intravitreally with (i) viable B. cereus, E. faecalis, or S. aureus, (ii) metabolically inactive B. cereus, E. faecalis, or S. aureus, (iii) sacculus preparations from each strain, or (iv) culture fluid containing products secreted by each strain. Eyes were assessed at various times following injection by slit lamp biomicroscopy, electroretinography (ERG), bacterial and inflammatory cell enumeration, and histology. B. cereus endophthalmitis followed a more rapid and virulent course than E. faecalis or S. aureus endophthalmitis, eliminating retinal responsiveness, as measured by ERG, by 12 h. Analysis of bacterial localization revealed that B. cereus uniquely migrated rapidly from posterior to anterior segment during infection. Although injection of neither metabolically inactive bacteria nor cell wall sacculi greatly affected ERG, significant intraocular inflammation was observed. Injection of B. cereus or S. aureus culture fluids caused both significant reductions in retinal responsiveness and significant intraocular inflammation, paralleling that seen in natural infections. The results demonstrate that toxins, intraocular localization, and, to a lesser extent, the intraocular host response to cell walls all contribute to the pathogenesis of B. cereus, S. aureus, and E. faecalis endophthalmitis in a pathogen-specific manner. The key pathophysiologic differences in these intraocular diseases highlight opportunities for optimizing conventional therapies and deriving new ones.  (+info)

Role of hemolysin BL in the pathogenesis of extraintestinal Bacillus cereus infection assessed in an endophthalmitis model. (4/474)

Bacillus cereus is a rare cause of serious human infection but, paradoxically, causes one of the most severe posttraumatic or endogenous infections of the eye, endophthalmitis, which frequently results in blindness. The virulence of B. cereus endophthalmitis historically has been attributed to toxin production. We therefore sought to examine the contribution of the dermonecrotic toxin, hemolysin BL, to the pathogenesis of B. cereus infection in an endophthalmitis system that is highly amenable to study. The pathogenesis of infection resulting from intravitreal injection of 10(2) CFU of either a clinical ocular isolate of B. cereus producing hemolysin BL (HBL+) or an isogenic mutant in this trait (HBL-) was assessed bacteriologically and by slit lamp biomicroscopy, electroretinography, histology, and inflammatory cell enumeration. Both HBL+ and HBL- strains evoked severe intraocular inflammatory responses as early as 12 h postinfection, with complete loss of retinal responsiveness by 12 h. The infections caused by both strains spread of the infection to adjacent tissues by 18 h. No significant differences in intraocular bacterial growth (P >/= 0.21) or inflammatory changes (P >/= 0.21) were observed in eyes infected with either HBL+ or HBL- strains during the course of infection. The level of retinal responsiveness was greater in HBL- infected eyes than in HBL+-infected eyes at 6 h only (P = 0.01). These results indicate that hemolysin BL makes no essential contribution to the severe and rapid course of infection in the endophthalmitis model.  (+info)

Use of a low nutrient culture medium for the identification of bacteria causing severe ocular infection. (5/474)

A low nutrient culture medium was used to identify the pathogens in four cases of persisting ocular infection. Bacto R2A agar was used in addition to conventional liquid- and solid-phase media to culture pathogenic bacteria from one case of recurrent keratitis, one case of suture-related keratitis with endophthalmitis and two eyes (two patients) with post-operative endophthalmitis. In each case, a pathogen was identified solely with R2A agar after culture for 6 days. Species isolated were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (one), Propionibacterium acnes (two) and Staphylococcus aureus (one). Antibiotic therapy was tailored to conform to the sensitivity of the cultured organism in each case. The use of Bacto R2A low nutrient agar should be considered in culture negative eyes not showing clinical improvement, or for chronic cases where bacteria may have become adapted to more stringent ocular environments.  (+info)

Intravitreal dexamethasone in exogenous bacterial endophthalmitis: results of a prospective randomised study. (6/474)

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal dexamethasone co-administered with intravitreal antibiotics along with vitrectomy in the management of exogenous bacterial endophthalmitis. METHODS: In a prospective randomised clinical trial, 63 patients (63 eyes) with suspected bacterial endophthalmitis (postoperative and post-traumatic) were treated with vitrectomy and intravitreal antibiotics and randomised to intravitreal dexamethasone (IOAB with = 29 eyes) and no dexamethasone (IOAB without = 34 eyes). Inflammation score (IS) and visual acuity were measured by two masked observers before surgery, and at 1, 4, and 12 weeks after surgery in both the groups. RESULTS: There was significant reduction (p <0.0001) in IS at 1, 4, and 12 weeks after the surgery in the "IOAB with" group; there was temporary but significant increase (p <0.01) in IS at 1 week in the "IOAB without" group, before decline (p <0.001) of IS at 4 and 12 weeks. The magnitude and relative percentage change in IS between the two groups were found to be significant at 1 (p <0.0001), and 4 (p <0.01) weeks, and not at 12 weeks. The visual acuity at 12 weeks was comparable in both the IOAB with and IOAB without groups. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal dexamethasone helps in early reduction of inflammation in exogenous bacterial endophthalmitis, but has no independent influence on the visual outcome. In selected patients with endophthalmitis where oral corticosteroids cannot be given for medical reasons intravitreal corticosteroids could be beneficial; in other situations they could be complementary to oral corticosteroid therapy.  (+info)

Endogenous endophthalmitis: case report and brief review. (7/474)

Endogenous endophthalmitis is a potentially blinding ocular infection resulting from hematogenous spread from a remote primary source. The condition is relatively rare but may become more common as the number of chronically debilitated patients and the use of invasive procedures increase. Many etiologic organisms (gram-positive, gram-negative and fungal) have been reported to cause endogenous endophthalmitis. Risk factors are well defined and include most reasons for immune suppression. A high clinical suspicion is needed for early diagnosis and treatment. Early intravenous antibiotic therapy remains the cornerstone of treatment. The roles of intravitreal antibiotics and vitrectomy are evolving and may become more widely accepted as therapeutic modalities. The authors report a case of endogenous endophthalmitis and provide a brief review of the literature.  (+info)

Efficacies of high-dose fluconazole plus amphotericin B and high-dose fluconazole plus 5-fluorocytosine versus amphotericin B, fluconazole, and 5-fluorocytosine monotherapies in treatment of experimental endocarditis, endophthalmitis, and pyelonephritis due to Candida albicans. (8/474)

We compared the efficacies of fluconazole (Flu), amphotericin B (AmB), and 5-fluorocytosine (5FC) monotherapies with the combination of Flu plus 5FC and Flu plus AmB in a rabbit model of Candida albicans endocarditis, endophthalmitis, and pyelonephritis. The dose of Flu used was that which resulted in an area under the concentration-time curve in rabbits equivalent to that seen in humans who receive Flu at 1,600 mg/day, the highest dose not associated with central nervous system toxicity in humans. Quantitative cultures of heart valve vegetations, the choroid-retina, vitreous humor, and kidney were conducted after 1, 5, 14, and 21 days of therapy. All untreated controls died within 6 days of infection; animals treated with 5FC monotherapy all died within 18 days. In contrast, 93% of animals in the other treatment groups appeared well and survived until they were sacrificed. At day 5, the relative decreases in CFU per gram in the vitreous humor were greater in groups that received Flu alone and in combination with 5FC or AmB than in groups receiving AmB or 5FC monotherapies (P < 0. 005) but were similar thereafter. In the choroid-retina, 5FC was the least-active drug. However, there were no differences in choroidal fungal densities between the other treatment groups. On days 5 and 14 of therapy, fungal densities in kidneys of AmB recipients were lower than those resulting from the other therapies (P < 0.001 and P < or = 0.038, respectively) and AmB-plus-Flu therapy was antagonistic; however, all therapies for fungal pyelonephritis were similar by treatment day 21. While fungal counts in cardiac valves of Flu recipients were similar to those of controls on day 5 of therapy and did not change from days 1 to 21, AmB therapy significantly decreased valvular CFUs versus Flu at days 5, 14, and 21 (P < 0.005 at each time point). 5FC plus Flu demonstrated enhanced killing in cardiac vegetations compared with Flu or 5FC as monotherapies (P < 0. 03). Similarly, the combination of AmB and Flu was more active than Flu in reducing the fungal density in cardiac vegetations (P < 0.03). However, as in the kidney, AmB plus Flu demonstrated antagonism versus AmB monotherapy in the treatment of C. albicans endocarditis (P < 0.05, P = 0.036, and P < 0.008 on days 5, 14, and 21, respectively).  (+info)

Endophthalmitis is a serious inflammatory eye condition that occurs when an infection develops inside the eyeball, specifically within the vitreous humor (the clear, gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina). This condition can be caused by bacteria, fungi, or other microorganisms that enter the eye through various means, such as trauma, surgery, or spread from another infected part of the body.

Endophthalmitis is often characterized by symptoms like sudden onset of pain, redness, decreased vision, and increased sensitivity to light (photophobia). If left untreated, it can lead to severe complications, including blindness. Treatment typically involves administering antibiotics or antifungal medications, either systemically or directly into the eye, and sometimes even requiring surgical intervention to remove infected tissues and relieve intraocular pressure.

Bacterial eye infections, also known as bacterial conjunctivitis or bacterial keratitis, are caused by the invasion of bacteria into the eye. The most common types of bacteria that cause these infections include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae.

Bacterial conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. Symptoms include redness, swelling, pain, discharge, and a gritty feeling in the eye. Bacterial keratitis is an infection of the cornea, the clear front part of the eye. Symptoms include severe pain, sensitivity to light, tearing, and decreased vision.

Bacterial eye infections are typically treated with antibiotic eye drops or ointments. It is important to seek medical attention promptly if you suspect a bacterial eye infection, as untreated infections can lead to serious complications such as corneal ulcers and vision loss. Preventive measures include good hygiene practices, such as washing your hands frequently and avoiding touching or rubbing your eyes.

The vitreous body, also known simply as the vitreous, is the clear, gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina in the eye. It is composed mainly of water, but also contains collagen fibers, hyaluronic acid, and other proteins. The vitreous helps to maintain the shape of the eye and provides a transparent medium for light to pass through to reach the retina. With age, the vitreous can become more liquefied and may eventually separate from the retina, leading to symptoms such as floaters or flashes of light.

A vitrectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of some or all of the vitreous humor, which is the clear gel-like substance filling the center of the eye. This surgery is often performed to treat various retinal disorders such as diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, macular hole, and vitreous hemorrhage.

During a vitrectomy, the ophthalmologist makes small incisions in the sclera (the white part of the eye) to access the vitreous cavity. The surgeon then uses specialized instruments to remove the cloudy or damaged vitreous and may also repair any damage to the retina or surrounding tissues. Afterward, a clear saline solution is injected into the eye to maintain its shape and help facilitate healing.

In some cases, a gas bubble or silicone oil may be placed in the eye after the vitrectomy to help hold the retina in place while it heals. These substances will gradually be absorbed or removed during follow-up appointments. The body naturally produces a new, clear vitreous to replace the removed material over time.

Vitrectomy is typically performed under local anesthesia and may require hospitalization or outpatient care depending on the individual case. Potential risks and complications include infection, bleeding, cataract formation, retinal detachment, and increased eye pressure. However, with proper care and follow-up, most patients experience improved vision after a successful vitrectomy procedure.

Cataract extraction is a surgical procedure that involves removing the cloudy lens (cataract) from the eye. This procedure is typically performed to restore vision impairment caused by cataracts and improve overall quality of life. There are two primary methods for cataract extraction:

1. Phacoemulsification: This is the most common method used today. It involves making a small incision in the front part of the eye (cornea), inserting an ultrasonic probe to break up the cloudy lens into tiny pieces, and then removing those pieces with suction. After removing the cataract, an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is inserted to replace the natural lens and help focus light onto the retina.

2. Extracapsular Cataract Extraction: In this method, a larger incision is made on the side of the cornea, allowing the surgeon to remove the cloudy lens in one piece without breaking it up. The back part of the lens capsule is left intact to support the IOL. This technique is less common and typically reserved for more advanced cataracts or when phacoemulsification cannot be performed.

Recovery from cataract extraction usually involves using eye drops to prevent infection and inflammation, as well as protecting the eye with a shield or glasses during sleep for a few weeks after surgery. Most people experience improved vision within a few days to a week following the procedure.

Fungal eye infections, also known as fungal keratitis or ocular fungal infections, are caused by the invasion of fungi into the eye. The most common types of fungi that cause these infections include Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Candida. These infections can affect any part of the eye, including the cornea, conjunctiva, sclera, and vitreous humor.

Fungal eye infections often present with symptoms such as redness, pain, sensitivity to light, tearing, blurred vision, and discharge. In severe cases, they can lead to corneal ulcers, perforation of the eye, and even blindness if left untreated. Risk factors for fungal eye infections include trauma to the eye, contact lens wear, immunosuppression, and pre-existing eye conditions such as dry eye or previous eye surgery.

Diagnosis of fungal eye infections typically involves a thorough eye examination, including visual acuity testing, slit lamp examination, and sometimes corneal scrapings for microbiological culture and sensitivity testing. Treatment usually involves topical antifungal medications, such as natamycin or amphotericin B, and in some cases may require oral or intravenous antifungal therapy. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove infected tissue or repair any damage caused by the infection.

Penetrating eye injuries are a type of ocular trauma where a foreign object or substance pierces the outer layers of the eye and damages the internal structures. This can result in serious harm to various parts of the eye, such as the cornea, iris, lens, or retina, and may potentially cause vision loss or blindness if not promptly treated.

The severity of a penetrating eye injury depends on several factors, including the type and size of the object that caused the injury, the location of the wound, and the extent of damage to the internal structures. Common causes of penetrating eye injuries include sharp objects, such as metal shards or glass fragments, projectiles, such as pellets or bullets, and explosive materials.

Symptoms of a penetrating eye injury may include pain, redness, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, floaters, or the presence of a foreign body in the eye. If you suspect that you have sustained a penetrating eye injury, it is essential to seek immediate medical attention from an ophthalmologist or other healthcare professional with experience in treating eye trauma.

Treatment for penetrating eye injuries may include removing any foreign objects or substances from the eye, repairing damaged tissues, and administering medications to prevent infection and reduce inflammation. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair the injury and restore vision. Preventing eye injuries is crucial, and appropriate protective eyewear should be worn when engaging in activities that pose a risk of eye trauma.

Bacillaceae is a family of Gram-positive bacteria that includes the genus Bacillus, which are known for their ability to form endospores. Some species of Bacillus can cause infections in humans, although this is relatively rare.

Infections caused by Bacillus species are typically associated with contaminated food or water, soil, or dust. The most common Bacillus species that causes infections in humans is Bacillus cereus, which can cause foodborne illness characterized by nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Other Bacillus species, such as Bacillus anthracis, can cause more serious infections such as anthrax, which can affect the skin, lungs, or gastrointestinal system.

In general, Bacillaceae infections can be treated with antibiotics, although the specific antibiotic used may depend on the species of bacteria causing the infection. Prevention measures include proper food handling and preparation, as well as avoiding contact with contaminated soil or water.

Eye injuries refer to any damage or trauma caused to the eye or its surrounding structures. These injuries can vary in severity and may include:

1. Corneal abrasions: A scratch or scrape on the clear surface of the eye (cornea).
2. Chemical burns: Occurs when chemicals come into contact with the eye, causing damage to the cornea and other structures.
3. Eyelid lacerations: Cuts or tears to the eyelid.
4. Subconjunctival hemorrhage: Bleeding under the conjunctiva, the clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye.
5. Hyphema: Accumulation of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye, which is the space between the cornea and iris.
6. Orbital fractures: Breaks in the bones surrounding the eye.
7. Retinal detachment: Separation of the retina from its underlying tissue, which can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly.
8. Traumatic uveitis: Inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye, caused by trauma.
9. Optic nerve damage: Damage to the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain.

Eye injuries can result from a variety of causes, including accidents, sports-related injuries, violence, and chemical exposure. It is important to seek medical attention promptly for any suspected eye injury to prevent further damage and potential vision loss.

Panophthalmitis is a severe, sight-threatening inflammation that involves all layers of the eye (the conjunctiva, sclera, choroid, retina, and optic nerve). This condition often results from an infection that spreads to the eye from other parts of the body or directly from an injury to the eye. It can also occur as a result of a complication following intraocular surgery.

The symptoms of panophthalmitis may include severe pain, redness, swelling, warmth, and decreased vision in the affected eye. If left untreated, this condition can lead to permanent blindness or even loss of the eye. Treatment typically involves aggressive antibiotic therapy, sometimes combined with corticosteroids to reduce inflammation. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to drain pus or remove infected tissues.

Eye evisceration is a surgical procedure in which the contents of the eye are removed, leaving the sclera (the white part of the eye) and the eyelids intact. This procedure is typically performed to treat severe eye injuries or infections, as well as to alleviate pain in blind eyes. After the eye contents are removed, an orbital implant is placed in the eye socket to restore its shape and volume. The eyelids are then closed over the implant, creating a smooth appearance. It's important to note that although the eye appears to have some cosmetic normality after the procedure, vision cannot be restored.

Foreign bodies in the eye refer to any object or particle that is not normally present in the eye and becomes lodged in it. These foreign bodies can range from small particles like sand or dust to larger objects such as metal shavings or glass. They can cause irritation, pain, redness, watering, and even vision loss if they are not removed promptly and properly.

The symptoms of an eye foreign body may include:

* A feeling that something is in the eye
* Pain or discomfort in the eye
* Redness or inflammation of the eye
* Watering or tearing of the eye
* Sensitivity to light
* Blurred vision or difficulty seeing

If you suspect that you have a foreign body in your eye, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. An eye care professional can examine your eye and determine the best course of treatment to remove the foreign body and prevent any further damage to your eye.

Phacoemulsification is a surgical procedure used in cataract removal. It involves using an ultrasonic device to emulsify (break up) the cloudy lens (cataract) into small pieces, which are then aspirated or sucked out through a small incision. This procedure allows for smaller incisions and faster recovery times compared to traditional cataract surgery methods. After the cataract is removed, an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is typically implanted to replace the natural lens and restore vision.

An intravitreal injection is a medical procedure in which medication is delivered directly into the vitreous cavity of the eye, which is the clear, gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina. This type of injection is typically used to treat various eye conditions such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, and uveitis. The medication administered in intravitreal injections can help to reduce inflammation, inhibit the growth of new blood vessels, or prevent the formation of abnormal blood vessels in the eye.

Intravitreal injections are usually performed in an outpatient setting, and the procedure typically takes only a few minutes. Before the injection, the eye is numbed with anesthetic drops to minimize discomfort. The medication is then injected into the vitreous cavity using a small needle. After the injection, patients may experience some mild discomfort or a scratchy sensation in the eye, but this usually resolves within a few hours.

While intravitreal injections are generally safe, there are some potential risks and complications associated with the procedure, including infection, bleeding, retinal detachment, and increased intraocular pressure. Patients who undergo intravitreal injections should be closely monitored by their eye care provider to ensure that any complications are promptly identified and treated.

Intraocular lenses (IOLs) are artificial lens implants that are placed inside the eye during ophthalmic surgery, such as cataract removal. These lenses are designed to replace the natural lens of the eye that has become clouded or damaged, thereby restoring vision impairment caused by cataracts or other conditions.

There are several types of intraocular lenses available, including monofocal, multifocal, toric, and accommodative lenses. Monofocal IOLs provide clear vision at a single fixed distance, while multifocal IOLs offer clear vision at multiple distances. Toric IOLs are designed to correct astigmatism, and accommodative IOLs can change shape and position within the eye to allow for a range of vision.

The selection of the appropriate type of intraocular lens depends on various factors, including the patient's individual visual needs, lifestyle, and ocular health. The implantation procedure is typically performed on an outpatient basis and involves minimal discomfort or recovery time. Overall, intraocular lenses have become a safe and effective treatment option for patients with vision impairment due to cataracts or other eye conditions.

Visual acuity is a measure of the sharpness or clarity of vision. It is usually tested by reading an eye chart from a specific distance, such as 20 feet (6 meters). The standard eye chart used for this purpose is called the Snellen chart, which contains rows of letters that decrease in size as you read down the chart.

Visual acuity is typically expressed as a fraction, with the numerator representing the testing distance and the denominator indicating the smallest line of type that can be read clearly. For example, if a person can read the line on the eye chart that corresponds to a visual acuity of 20/20, it means they have normal vision at 20 feet. If their visual acuity is 20/40, it means they must be as close as 20 feet to see what someone with normal vision can see at 40 feet.

It's important to note that visual acuity is just one aspect of overall vision and does not necessarily reflect other important factors such as peripheral vision, depth perception, color vision, or contrast sensitivity.

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a type of coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacterium that is commonly found on the human skin and mucous membranes. It is a part of the normal flora and usually does not cause infection in healthy individuals. However, it can cause serious infections in people with weakened immune systems or when it enters the body through medical devices such as catheters or artificial joints. Infections caused by S. epidermidis are often difficult to treat due to its ability to form biofilms.

Medical Definition: Staphylococcus epidermidis is a gram-positive, catalase-positive, coagulase-negative coccus that commonly inhabits the skin and mucous membranes. It is a leading cause of nosocomial infections associated with indwelling medical devices and is known for its ability to form biofilms. S. epidermidis infections can cause a range of clinical manifestations, including bacteremia, endocarditis, urinary tract infections, and device-related infections.

An injection is a medical procedure in which a medication, vaccine, or other substance is introduced into the body using a needle and syringe. The substance can be delivered into various parts of the body, including into a vein (intravenous), muscle (intramuscular), under the skin (subcutaneous), or into the spinal canal (intrathecal or spinal).

Injections are commonly used to administer medications that cannot be taken orally, have poor oral bioavailability, need to reach the site of action quickly, or require direct delivery to a specific organ or tissue. They can also be used for diagnostic purposes, such as drawing blood samples (venipuncture) or injecting contrast agents for imaging studies.

Proper technique and sterile conditions are essential when administering injections to prevent infection, pain, and other complications. The choice of injection site depends on the type and volume of the substance being administered, as well as the patient's age, health status, and personal preferences.

Ophthalmologic surgical procedures refer to various types of surgeries performed on the eye and its surrounding structures by trained medical professionals called ophthalmologists. These procedures aim to correct or improve vision, diagnose and treat eye diseases or injuries, and enhance the overall health and functionality of the eye. Some common examples of ophthalmologic surgical procedures include:

1. Cataract Surgery: This procedure involves removing a cloudy lens (cataract) from the eye and replacing it with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL).
2. LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis): A type of refractive surgery that uses a laser to reshape the cornea, correcting nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism.
3. Glaucoma Surgery: Several surgical options are available for treating glaucoma, including laser trabeculoplasty, traditional trabeculectomy, and various drainage device implantations. These procedures aim to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) and prevent further optic nerve damage.
4. Corneal Transplant: This procedure involves replacing a damaged or diseased cornea with a healthy donor cornea to restore vision and improve the eye's appearance.
5. Vitreoretinal Surgery: These procedures focus on treating issues within the vitreous humor (gel-like substance filling the eye) and the retina, such as retinal detachment, macular holes, or diabetic retinopathy.
6. Strabismus Surgery: This procedure aims to correct misalignment of the eyes (strabismus) by adjusting the muscles responsible for eye movement.
7. Oculoplastic Surgery: These procedures involve reconstructive, cosmetic, and functional surgeries around the eye, such as eyelid repair, removal of tumors, or orbital fracture repairs.
8. Pediatric Ophthalmologic Procedures: Various surgical interventions are performed on children to treat conditions like congenital cataracts, amblyopia (lazy eye), or blocked tear ducts.

These are just a few examples of ophthalmic surgical procedures. The specific treatment plan will depend on the individual's condition and overall health.

Eye infections, also known as ocular infections, are conditions characterized by the invasion and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms in any part of the eye or its surrounding structures. These infections can affect various parts of the eye, including the conjunctiva (conjunctivitis), cornea (keratitis), eyelid (blepharitis), or the internal structures of the eye (endophthalmitis, uveitis). The symptoms may include redness, pain, discharge, itching, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light. The cause can be bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic, and the treatment typically involves antibiotics, antivirals, or antifungals, depending on the underlying cause.

Gram-positive bacterial infections refer to illnesses or diseases caused by Gram-positive bacteria, which are a group of bacteria that turn purple when stained using the Gram stain method. This staining technique is used in microbiology to differentiate between two main types of bacteria based on their cell wall composition.

Gram-positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls, which retains the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining process. Some common examples of Gram-positive bacteria include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis.

Gram-positive bacterial infections can range from mild skin infections to severe and life-threatening conditions such as pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. The symptoms of these infections depend on the type of bacteria involved and the location of the infection in the body. Treatment typically involves the use of antibiotics that are effective against Gram-positive bacteria, such as penicillin, vancomycin, or clindamycin. However, the emergence of antibiotic resistance among Gram-positive bacteria is a growing concern and can complicate treatment in some cases.

Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida species, most commonly Candida albicans. It can affect various parts of the body, including the skin, mucous membranes (such as the mouth and vagina), and internal organs (like the esophagus, lungs, or blood).

The symptoms of candidiasis depend on the location of the infection:

1. Oral thrush: White patches on the tongue, inner cheeks, gums, or roof of the mouth. These patches may be painful and can bleed slightly when scraped.
2. Vaginal yeast infection: Itching, burning, redness, and swelling of the vagina and vulva; thick, white, odorless discharge from the vagina.
3. Esophageal candidiasis: Difficulty swallowing, pain when swallowing, or feeling like food is "stuck" in the throat.
4. Invasive candidiasis: Fever, chills, and other signs of infection; multiple organ involvement may lead to various symptoms depending on the affected organs.

Risk factors for developing candidiasis include diabetes, HIV/AIDS, use of antibiotics or corticosteroids, pregnancy, poor oral hygiene, and wearing tight-fitting clothing that traps moisture. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, such as fluconazole, nystatin, or clotrimazole, depending on the severity and location of the infection.

Anti-bacterial agents, also known as antibiotics, are a type of medication used to treat infections caused by bacteria. These agents work by either killing the bacteria or inhibiting their growth and reproduction. There are several different classes of anti-bacterial agents, including penicillins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and tetracyclines, among others. Each class of antibiotic has a specific mechanism of action and is used to treat certain types of bacterial infections. It's important to note that anti-bacterial agents are not effective against viral infections, such as the common cold or flu. Misuse and overuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance, which is a significant global health concern.

Aqueous humor is a clear, watery fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. It is produced by the ciliary processes in the posterior chamber and circulates through the pupil into the anterior chamber, where it provides nutrients to the cornea and lens, maintains intraocular pressure, and helps to shape the eye. The aqueous humor then drains out of the eye through the trabecular meshwork and into the canal of Schlemm, eventually reaching the venous system.

Streptococcus mitis is a species of gram-positive, beta-hemolytic streptococci that are part of the viridans group streptococci (VGS). It is a normal commensal of the human oral cavity, upper respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract. However, it can occasionally cause invasive infections such as bacteremia, endocarditis, and meningitis, particularly in immunocompromised individuals or those with underlying medical conditions. S. mitis is also known to be a significant contributor to dental caries. It is often misidentified as Streptococcus sanguinis due to their similar phenotypic characteristics. Accurate identification of this organism is important because of its potential to cause invasive disease and its resistance to some antibiotics.

Postoperative complications refer to any unfavorable condition or event that occurs during the recovery period after a surgical procedure. These complications can vary in severity and may include, but are not limited to:

1. Infection: This can occur at the site of the incision or inside the body, such as pneumonia or urinary tract infection.
2. Bleeding: Excessive bleeding (hemorrhage) can lead to a drop in blood pressure and may require further surgical intervention.
3. Blood clots: These can form in the deep veins of the legs (deep vein thrombosis) and can potentially travel to the lungs (pulmonary embolism).
4. Wound dehiscence: This is when the surgical wound opens up, which can lead to infection and further complications.
5. Pulmonary issues: These include atelectasis (collapsed lung), pneumonia, or respiratory failure.
6. Cardiovascular problems: These include abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), heart attack, or stroke.
7. Renal failure: This can occur due to various reasons such as dehydration, blood loss, or the use of certain medications.
8. Pain management issues: Inadequate pain control can lead to increased stress, anxiety, and decreased mobility.
9. Nausea and vomiting: These can be caused by anesthesia, opioid pain medication, or other factors.
10. Delirium: This is a state of confusion and disorientation that can occur in the elderly or those with certain medical conditions.

Prompt identification and management of these complications are crucial to ensure the best possible outcome for the patient.

Intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is a surgical procedure that involves placing a small artificial lens inside the eye to replace the natural lens that has been removed. This procedure is typically performed during cataract surgery, where the cloudy natural lens is removed and replaced with an IOL to restore clear vision.

During the procedure, a small incision is made in the eye, and the cloudy lens is broken up and removed using ultrasound waves or laser energy. Then, the folded IOL is inserted through the same incision and positioned in the correct place inside the eye. Once in place, the IOL unfolds and is secured into position.

There are several types of IOLs available, including monofocal, multifocal, toric, and accommodating lenses. Monofocal lenses provide clear vision at one distance, while multifocal lenses offer clear vision at multiple distances. Toric lenses correct astigmatism, and accommodating lenses can change shape to focus on objects at different distances.

Overall, intraocular lens implantation is a safe and effective procedure that can help restore clear vision in patients with cataracts or other eye conditions that require the removal of the natural lens.

Staphylococcal infections are a type of infection caused by Staphylococcus bacteria, which are commonly found on the skin and nose of healthy people. However, if they enter the body through a cut, scratch, or other wound, they can cause an infection.

There are several types of Staphylococcus bacteria, but the most common one that causes infections is Staphylococcus aureus. These infections can range from minor skin infections such as pimples, boils, and impetigo to serious conditions such as pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and toxic shock syndrome.

Symptoms of staphylococcal infections depend on the type and severity of the infection. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, either topical or oral, depending on the severity and location of the infection. In some cases, hospitalization may be necessary for more severe infections. It is important to note that some strains of Staphylococcus aureus have developed resistance to certain antibiotics, making them more difficult to treat.

Drug contamination refers to the presence of impurities or foreign substances in a pharmaceutical drug or medication. These impurities can include things like bacteria, chemicals, or other drugs that are not intended to be present in the final product. Drug contamination can occur at any stage during the production, storage, or distribution of a medication and can potentially lead to reduced effectiveness, increased side effects, or serious health risks for patients. It is closely monitored and regulated by various health authorities to ensure the safety and efficacy of medications.

Eye diseases are a range of conditions that affect the eye or visual system, causing damage to vision and, in some cases, leading to blindness. These diseases can be categorized into various types, including:

1. Refractive errors: These include myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), astigmatism, and presbyopia, which affect the way light is focused on the retina and can usually be corrected with glasses or contact lenses.
2. Cataracts: A clouding of the lens inside the eye that leads to blurry vision, glare, and decreased contrast sensitivity. Cataract surgery is the most common treatment for this condition.
3. Glaucoma: A group of diseases characterized by increased pressure in the eye, leading to damage to the optic nerve and potential blindness if left untreated. Treatment includes medications, laser therapy, or surgery.
4. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): A progressive condition that affects the central part of the retina called the macula, causing blurry vision and, in advanced stages, loss of central vision. Treatment may include anti-VEGF injections, laser therapy, or nutritional supplements.
5. Diabetic retinopathy: A complication of diabetes that affects the blood vessels in the retina, leading to bleeding, leakage, and potential blindness if left untreated. Treatment includes laser therapy, anti-VEGF injections, or surgery.
6. Retinal detachment: A separation of the retina from its underlying tissue, which can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly with surgery.
7. Amblyopia (lazy eye): A condition where one eye does not develop normal vision, often due to a misalignment or refractive error in childhood. Treatment includes correcting the underlying problem and encouraging the use of the weaker eye through patching or other methods.
8. Strabismus (crossed eyes): A misalignment of the eyes that can lead to amblyopia if not treated promptly with surgery, glasses, or other methods.
9. Corneal diseases: Conditions that affect the transparent outer layer of the eye, such as keratoconus, Fuchs' dystrophy, and infectious keratitis, which can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly.
10. Uveitis: Inflammation of the middle layer of the eye, which can cause vision loss if not treated promptly with anti-inflammatory medications or surgery.

Ophthalmic administration refers to the application or delivery of medications directly into the eye or on the surface of the eye. This route is commonly used for treating various eye conditions such as infections, inflammation, or glaucoma. The medication can be administered in several ways, including:

1. Eye drops: A liquid solution that is instilled into the lower conjunctival sac (the space between the eyeball and the lower eyelid) using a dropper. The patient should be advised to tilt their head back, look up, and pull down the lower eyelid to create a pocket for the drop.
2. Eye ointment: A semi-solid preparation that is applied to the lower conjunctival sac or the edge of the eyelid using a small tube or applicator. Ointments provide a longer contact time with the eye surface compared to eye drops, making them suitable for nighttime use or treating conditions that require prolonged medication exposure.
3. Eye inserts or pellets: Slow-release devices that contain medications and are placed either in the conjunctival sac or on the surface of the eye. These inserts gradually dissolve, releasing the active ingredient over an extended period.
4. Eye patches or bandages: In some cases, medication may be applied to an eye patch or bandage, which is then placed over the affected eye. This method is less common and typically used when other forms of administration are not feasible.

When administering ophthalmic medications, it's essential to follow proper techniques to ensure the correct dosage reaches the target area and minimize systemic absorption. Patients should also be advised about potential side effects, precautions, and storage requirements for their specific medication.

The eye is the organ of sight, primarily responsible for detecting and focusing on visual stimuli. It is a complex structure composed of various parts that work together to enable vision. Here are some of the main components of the eye:

1. Cornea: The clear front part of the eye that refracts light entering the eye and protects the eye from harmful particles and microorganisms.
2. Iris: The colored part of the eye that controls the amount of light reaching the retina by adjusting the size of the pupil.
3. Pupil: The opening in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye.
4. Lens: A biconvex structure located behind the iris that further refracts light and focuses it onto the retina.
5. Retina: A layer of light-sensitive cells (rods and cones) at the back of the eye that convert light into electrical signals, which are then transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve.
6. Optic Nerve: The nerve that carries visual information from the retina to the brain.
7. Vitreous: A clear, gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina, providing structural support to the eye.
8. Conjunctiva: A thin, transparent membrane that covers the front of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids.
9. Extraocular Muscles: Six muscles that control the movement of the eye, allowing for proper alignment and focus.

The eye is a remarkable organ that allows us to perceive and interact with our surroundings. Various medical specialties, such as ophthalmology and optometry, are dedicated to the diagnosis, treatment, and management of various eye conditions and diseases.

Povidone-Iodine is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, which is a complex of iodine with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). This complex allows for sustained release of iodine, providing persistent antimicrobial activity. It has been widely used in various clinical settings, including as a surgical scrub, wound disinfection, and skin preparation before invasive procedures. Povidone-Iodine is effective against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. The mechanism of action involves the release of iodine ions, which oxidize cellular components and disrupt microbial membranes, leading to cell death.

I believe there may be some confusion in your question. "Rabbits" is a common name used to refer to the Lagomorpha species, particularly members of the family Leporidae. They are small mammals known for their long ears, strong legs, and quick reproduction.

However, if you're referring to "rabbits" in a medical context, there is a term called "rabbit syndrome," which is a rare movement disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements of the fingers, resembling those of a rabbit chewing. It is also known as "finger-chewing chorea." This condition is usually associated with certain medications, particularly antipsychotics, and typically resolves when the medication is stopped or adjusted.

TASS vs Infectious endophthalmitis. Different approaches have been suggested to prevent exogenous endophthalmitis after ... Endophthalmitis at eMedicine Fungal Endophthalmitis at eMedicine (Articles with short description, Short description is ... Endophthalmitis, or endophthalmia, is inflammation of the interior cavity of the eye, usually caused by an infection. It is a ... People with endophthalmitis often have a history of recent eye surgery or penetrating trauma to the eye. Symptoms include ...
"Endophthalmitis". Lecturio. Archived from the original on 19 July 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2021. Bennett, John E. (8 August 2019 ... Endophthalmitis' typical presentation occurs within two weeks after the procedure, with manifestations such as decreased visual ... Endophthalmitis is a serious infection of intraocular tissues, usually following intraocular surgery complications or ... There have been occasional incidents in which several patients have been infected and developed endophthalmitis on the same day ...
"Endophthalmitis". Lecturio. Archived from the original on 19 July 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2021. Gokhale PA, Patterson E (May- ... Endophthalmitis is a serious infection of the intraocular tissues, usually following intraocular surgery complications or ... it is also associated with increased risk of endophthalmitis and retinal detachment. Suprachoroidal hemorrhage is a rare ...
Acute postoperative endophthalmitis caused by S. lugdunensis is infrequently reported in clinical studies. Five cases of acute ... "Endophthalmitis". The Lecturio Medical Concept Library. Retrieved 19 July 2021. Crompton, Marcus J.; Dunstan, R. Hugh; ... Given the severity of the endophthalmitis, though bacteria were sensitive to intravitreal antibiotics, pars plana vitrectomy ... postcataract surgery endophthalmitis were taken from a multicenter prospective study conducted in four university-affiliated ...
Durand, Marlene L.; Miller, Joan W.; Young, Lucy H. (2016). Endophthalmitis. Switzerland: Springer. ISBN 978-3319292298. " ... and Endophthalmitis. 1999: Richard and Hinda Rosenthal Award / Young Investigator Award, Macula Society 2002: Jules Gonin ...
Maucour, M. F.; Brugniart, C.; Ducasse, A.; Brasme, L.; Bajolet, O. (April 1999). "[Bacillary endophthalmitis. Four case ...
"What is Endophthalmitis?". American Academy of Ophthalmology. 2022-10-27. Archived from the original on 2023-04-11. Retrieved ... and Endophthalmitis, which are a significant cause of blinding diseases. Using techniques such as deep sequencing and other ...
Endophthalmitis after 25-gauge and 20-gauge pars plana vitrectomy: incidence and outcomes. Retina. 2008;28(1):138-142. Kunimoto ... Incidence of endophthalmitis after 20- and 25- gauge vitrectomy. Ophthalmology. 2007;114(12):2133-2137. Kaiser RS. ... Doft BH, Wisniewski SR, Kelsey SF, Groer-Fitzgerald S; Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study Group. Diabetes and postcataract ... Retinal detachment in the endophthalmitis vitrectomy study. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118(12):1661-1665. Wisniewski SR, Capone A, ...
If the endophthalmitis is suspected to be a fungal infection, antifungals, such as amphotericin B and voriconazole, could be ... "Treatment of Endophthalmitis Resulting From Traumatic Eye Injury". www.uspharmacist.com. Retrieved 2020-04-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 ... "Intravitreal Injections and Endophthalmitis". Medscape. Retrieved 2020-04-21. Cholkar, Kishore; Dasari, Supriya Reddy; Pal, ... Since the occurrence of serious post-injection infection (e.g. endophthalmitis) is low, in-office intravitreal injection is ...
"Postoperative Corynebacterium macginleyi endophthalmitis". Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery. 30 (11): 2441-4. doi: ...
Endophthalmitis in Clinical Practice, Flynn Jr. H.W., Batra N.R., Schwartz S.G., Grzybowski A., Springer 2018. Ophthalmology - ... ISBN 978-83-944477-1-7. Endophthalmitis in Clinical Practice. Flynn Jr, H.W., Batra, N.R., Schwartz, S.G., Grzybowski, A. 2018 ...
Egan, Daniel J. "Endophthalmitis". Medscape. Retrieved 19 November 2013. Freda, R; Dal Pizzol, MM; Fortes Filho, JB (Nov-Dec ... Endophthalmitis is an inflammatory response typically due to an infection of the intraocular cavities. In reference ... Phialemonium curvatum has been found to be capable of causing endophthalmitis particularly in immune compromised patients. ... "Endogenous Phialemonium curvatum endophthalmitis". American Journal of Ophthalmology. 140 (4): 755-7. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2005.04 ...
Endophthalmitis or internal eye infection occurs at a rate as high as 30% especially in cases complicated by an intraocular ... Management with 48 hours of intravenous antibiotics decreases the rate of post-traumatic endophthalmitis and its potentially ... Relhan, Nidhi; Forster, Richard K.; Flynn, Harry W. (2018). "Endophthalmitis: Then and Now". American Journal of Ophthalmology ... "Endophthalmitis after open globe injuries: changes in microbiological spectrum and isolate susceptibility patterns over 14 ...
"Post-traumatic Scedosporium inflatum endophthalmitis". Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 30 (1): 47-48. doi:10.1046/j. ...
"Endophthalmitis Caused by Enterococcus mundtii". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 43 (3): 1475-1476. doi:10.1128/JCM.43.3.1475 ...
Matsuo T, Nakagawa H, Matsuo N (1995). "Endogenous Aspergillus endophthalmitis associated with periodontitis". Ophthalmologica ...
Endophthalmitis at eMedicine Maccheron, Luke J.; Groeneveld, Erwin R.; Ohlrich, Stephen J.; Hilford, David J.; Beckingsale, ...
Tibra, N. K.; Jalali, S.; Reddy, A. K.; Narayanan, R.; Agarwal, R. (12 November 2009). "Traumatic endophthalmitis caused by ... endophthalmitis). The infection rate and morbidity of S. gallinarum is comparatively low and its effects on humans are limited ...
In endophthalmitis, patients often describe pain. Retinal detachment frequently presents with unilateral visual field defects, ... Serious complications of cataract surgery include retinal detachment and endophthalmitis. In both cases, patients notice a ... The risk of endophthalmitis occurring after surgery is less than one in 1000. Corneal edema and cystoid macular edema are less ...
In one case of endophthalmitis (mentioned in case report below), treatment with voriconazole was likewise successful. A small ... Sharma, V (2006). "Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Sporobolomyces salmonicolor". Eye. 20 (8): 945-946. doi:10.1038/sj.eye. ... pseudomeningitis and a case of endophthalmitis. S. salmonicolor is also considered a type 1 allergen and has been known to ... lymphadenitis and a case of endophthalmitis. It has also been reported in AIDS-related infections. The fungus exists ...
Jaru-ampornpan, Pimkwan; Agarwal, Anita; Midha, Narinder K.; Kim, Stephen J. (2011). "Traumatic Endophthalmitis due to ...
Pettit TH, Olson RJ, Foos RY, Martin WJ (1980). "Fungal endophthalmitis following intraocular lens implantation. A surgical ... O'Day DM (1977). "Fungal endophthalmitis caused by Paecilomyces lilacinus after intraocular lens implantation". American ...
Sharma, V (2006). "Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Sporobolomyces salmonicolor". Eye. 20 (8): 945-946. doi:10.1038/sj.eye. ...
Laukeland, H.; Bergh, K.; Bevanger, L. (2002). "Posttrabeculectomy Endophthalmitis Caused by Moraxella nonliquefaciens". ...
MacKinnon, M. M.; m., M. R.; j., J. R. (2001). "A case of Rothia dentocariosa endophthalmitis". European Journal of Clinical ... Endophthalmitis) and brain and intercranial tissues. It is found more abundantly in the dental plaque of individuals with ...
It can cause peritonitis, endophthalmitis, sepsis and bacteremia. Similar symptoms although also very rare can be seen by ... Yu EN, Foster CS (2002). "Chronic postoperative endophthalmitis due to Pseudomonas oryzihabitans". Am. J. Ophthalmol. 134 (4): ...
Tarkkanen A, Raivio V, Anttila VJ, Tommila P, Ralli R, Merenmies L, Immonen I (April 2004). "Fungal endophthalmitis caused by ... Lam DS, Koehler AP, Fan DS, Cheuk W, Leung AT, Ng JS (1999). "Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis caused by Paecilomyces variotii ... P. variotii has also been reported as a causative agent of sinusitis, endophthalmitis, wound infection following tissue ... Anita KB, Fernandez V, Rao R (2010). "Fungal endophthalmitis caused by Paecilomyces variotii, in an immunocompetent patient, ...
Endophthalmitis, or a bacterial infection within the eye causing inflammation of the sclera, is one of the most severe ... Incidence of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection per patient has been reported to range from 0.019 to 1.6%. ... Endophthalmitis is considered an ophthalmological emergency and requires immediate treatment in many cases. It is treated with ... "Endophthalmitis - The American Society of Retina Specialists". www.asrs.org. Retrieved 2020-05-02. "Retinal Detachment: The ...
"Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum var. Capsulatum: A case report and literature review". ...
Gonzales CA, Scott IU, Chaudhry NA, Luu KM, Miller D, Murray TG, Davis JL (April 2000). "Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by ...
TASS vs Infectious endophthalmitis. Different approaches have been suggested to prevent exogenous endophthalmitis after ... Endophthalmitis at eMedicine Fungal Endophthalmitis at eMedicine (Articles with short description, Short description is ... Endophthalmitis, or endophthalmia, is inflammation of the interior cavity of the eye, usually caused by an infection. It is a ... People with endophthalmitis often have a history of recent eye surgery or penetrating trauma to the eye. Symptoms include ...
Noninfectious (sterile) endophthalmitis may result from various causes such as retained native lens material after an operation ... Endophthalmitis is an inflammatory condition of the intraocular cavities (ie, the aqueous and/or vitreous humor) usually caused ... Endogenous endophthalmitis is rare, occurring in only 2-8% of all cases of endophthalmitis. [1, 2] The overall incidence rates ... Posttraumatic endophthalmitis comprises 25-30% of all endophthalmitis cases and occurs in up to 2-7% of cases of penetrating ...
In the KPro + PPV + SOI group, no eyes had developed endophthalmitis by the 24-month follow-up visit versus 5 eyes of 5 ... The 2-year cumulative endophthalmitis incidence was 31.2% in the KPro group versus zero in the KPro + PPV + SOI group (,span ... i,Purpose,/i,. To identify the incidence of endophthalmitis and visual outcomes in eyes with Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis ... vitrectomy and silicone oil insertion may have a protective effect against the development of postoperative endophthalmitis in ...
The incidence of endophthalmitis after trabeculectomy, according to this report is similar to that after Scheies procedure, ... Two cases of late endophthalmitis after trabeculectomy surgery are described. Despite intensive antibiotic therapy, the visual ... Endophthalmitis after trabeculectomy Arch Ophthalmol. 1978 Jun;96(6):1017-8. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1978.03910050541009. ... The incidence of endophthalmitis after trabeculectomy, according to this report is similar to that after Scheies procedure, ...
S. equisimilis should be considered as a pathogen that can cause severe endogenous endophthalmitis.Keywords: endogenous ... A 74-year-old woman with endocarditis developed endogenous endophthalmitis. The patient underwent emergency mitral ... We report a rare case of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Streptococcus equisimilis. ... Case of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Streptococcus equisimilis Shinsuke Suemori1, Akira Sawada1, Shinya Komori1, ...
Falavarjani KG, Modarres M, Hashemi M, Parvaresh MM, Naseripour M, Zare-Moghaddam A, Incidence of acute endophthalmitis after ... Endophthalmitis Outbreak Associated with Repackaged Bevacizumab. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2015;21(1):171-173. doi:10.3201/ ... Acute postinjection endophthalmitis can occur when intraocular bevacizumab is used because of risks associated with repackaging ... Edison, L. S., Dishman, H. O., Tobin-DAngelo, M., Allen, C., Guh, A. Y., & Drenzek, C. L. (2015). Endophthalmitis Outbreak ...
Whoops! You have found our old website. For information about our childrens services please visit the new University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust website at www.uhsussex.nhs.uk.. ...
"Uveitis Endophthalmitis and Its Treatments". Presented by: Jonathan Gloth, M.D.. Printer-Friendly Version ...
Although intravitreal administration of anti-infectives represents the standard treatment for infectious endophthalmitis, the ... Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study Group. Results of the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study. A randomized trial of immediate ... 1. Introduction: The Infectious Endophthalmitis and the Need for Anti-Infective Treatment. Endophthalmitis is severe ... Vaziri, K.; Schwartz, S.G.; Kishor, K.; Flynn, H.W. Endophthalmitis: State of the art. Clin. Ophthalmol. 2015, 9, 95-108. [ ...
Endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) results from haematogenous spread of microorganisms in patients with bacteraemia or fungaemia ... into the eye and represents 2-15% of endophthalmitis cases.1-3 The last study conducted on the ... Endophthalmitis refers to the inflammation of the ocular cavities and their immediate adjacent structures without extension ... of endophthalmitis cases.1-3 The last study conducted on the incidence of bacterial endogenous endophthalmitis (BEE) in ...
Rapidly Progressing Fungal Keratitis with Endophthalmitis Post SARS-CoV-2 Infection published on 04 May 2022 by The American ... Risk factors, treatment strategies, and outcomes of endophthalmitis associated with severe fungal keratitis. Retina 39: 1076- ... Risk factors, treatment strategies, and outcomes of endophthalmitis associated with severe fungal keratitis. Retina 39: 1076- ... Risk factors, treatment strategies, and outcomes of endophthalmitis associated with severe fungal keratitis. Retina 39: 1076- ...
... resulting in dreaded complication of endophthalmitis. The reported incidence of endophthalmitis varies from 0.02% to 0.41%. ... The reported endophthalmitis rate was comparable to that reported in other modern settings. In the recent past after the ... Minimizing endophthalmitis risk reduces the burden on society. The hospital stay, travel time, and multiple patient visits are ... reported 38 cases of presumed postoperative endophthalmitis with an incidence of 0.09%. This has been possible by employing ...
Increased incidence of endophthalmitis after vitrectomy relative to face mask wearing during COVID-19 pandemic ... Increased incidence of endophthalmitis after vitrectomy relative to face mask wearing during COVID-19 pandemic ... Increased incidence of endophthalmitis after vitrectomy relative to face mask wearing during COVID-19 pandemic ...
Increased incidence of endophthalmitis after vitrectomy relative to face mask wearing during COVID-19 pandemic ... Increased incidence of endophthalmitis after vitrectomy relative to face mask wearing during COVID-19 pandemic ...
Endophthalmitis - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment from the MSD Manuals - Medical Consumer Version. ... Symptoms of Endophthalmitis Endophthalmitis symptoms may be severe and include severe eye pain, redness in the white of the eye ... Endophthalmitis is uncommon. It is caused by organisms that have entered the eye through a surgical incision or an injury to ... Infection that causes endophthalmitis is usually due to bacteria (such as Staphylococcus aureus), but fungi or protozoa may ...
Comparative evaluation of 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing in the diagnosis and understanding of bacterial endophthalmitis ... Comparative evaluation of 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing in the diagnosis and understanding of bacterial endophthalmitis ... Comparative evaluation of 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing in the diagnosis and understanding of bacterial endophthalmitis ...
... parasitic cyst or endophthalmitis, panuveitis, sympathetic uveitis, or other endophthalmitis diagnoses. ... This value set contains concepts that represent a diagnosis of other endophthalmitis. Data Element Scope: This value set may ... parasitic cyst or endophthalmitis, panuveitis, sympathetic uveitis, or other endophthalmitis diagnoses.. Exclusion Criteria: ... Clinical Focus: This value set contains concepts that represent a diagnosis of other endophthalmitis.. Data Element Scope: This ...
20/40 for those without endophthalmitis. However, they add that 4% of endophthalmitis patients still achieved 20/20 or better ... Endophthalmitis Rare Post-cataract Surgery. Younger age, combined surgeries and anterior vitrectomy were all risk factors.. RO ... They note that endophthalmitis occurred four times more in cases of combined surgical procedures than in standalone cataract ... Endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in the US, a report from the IRIS Registry, 2013-2017. Ophthalmology. August 28, 2019. [ ...
Post-traumatic endophthalmitis.. H Verbraeken, M Rysselaere. European Journal of Ophthalmology 1994 ... In a group of 615 cases of perforating trauma, 25 cases (4%) of proven endophthalmitis were seen. The percentage of Bacillus ... Bacillus cases have a very poor outcome and in fact the overall functional results in the post-traumatic endophthalmitis group ... infections was unusually high compared to other types of endophthalmitis (3.8% for the whole group, 31% for the group with ...
delayed-onset endophthalmitis or chronic endophthalmitis (one month to years after surgery); iii. endophthalmitis related to ... delayed-onset endophthalmitis or chronic endophthalmitis (one month to years after surgery); iii. endophthalmitis related to ... The Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study (EVS) has investigated about the management of post-operative endophthalmitis, considering ... The Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study (EVS) has investigated about the management of post-operative endophthalmitis, considering ...
Roy D. Brod POSTOPERATIVE ENDOPHTHALMITIS ACUTE-ONSET POSTOPERATIVE ENDOPHTHALMITIS Introduction Endophthalmitis is ... In a patient with endophthalmitis, the etiology and most likely infecting organisms may be predicted by the clinical setting. ... The largest category is acute-onset postoperative endophthalmitis, generally… ... Endophthalmitis Stephen G. Schwartz Harry W. Flynn Jr. ... Results of the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study: a randomized ...
Noninfectious (sterile) endophthalmitis may result from various causes such as retained native lens material after an operation ... Endophthalmitis is an inflammatory condition of the intraocular cavities (ie, the aqueous and/or vitreous humor) usually caused ... Management and outcomes of postoperative endophthalmitis since the endophthalmitis vitrectomy study: the Endophthalmitis ... Endogenous endophthalmitis is rare, occurring in only 2-15% of all cases of endophthalmitis. Average annual incidence is about ...
Endophthalmitis. Condition/keywords. endophthalmitis Photographer. Jason S. Calhoun, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Department of ...
Endophthalmitis. After PK, endophthalmitis may arise owing to intraoperative contamination, contamination of the donor corneal ... The incidence of endophthalmitis is considerably higher in PK patients than cataract surgery patients, particularly if the ...
... Letter BAUM, JG. (1995). ECHOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN INFECTIOUS ENDOPHTHALMITIS ... 1995). ECHOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN INFECTIOUS ENDOPHTHALMITIS . 113(7), 851-851. 10.1001/archopht.1995.01100070021010 ...
ENDOPHTHALMITIS. The SUSVIMO implant has been associated with a 3-fold higher rate of endophthalmitis than monthly intravitreal ... an eye infection (endophthalmitis). Endophthalmitis is an infection of the eyeball that can cause permanent damage to your eye ... In clinical trials, 2.0% of patients receiving a ranibizumab implant experienced at least one episode of endophthalmitis [see ... Endophthalmitis should be treated promptly in an effort to reduce the risk of vision loss and maximize recovery. The SUSVIMO ( ...
Fungal endophthalmitis can be classified into exogenous and endogenous types.. Exogenous Endophthalmitis It occurs due to the ... It is important to differentiate between bacterial and fungal endophthalmitis. Bacterial endophthalmitis usually presents ... Microbiologic spectrum and susceptibility of isolates: part I. Postoperative endophthalmitis. Endophthalmitis Research Group. ... appearance in cases with Candida endophthalmitis. 10However in cases with Aspergillus endophthalmitis, a confluent yellowish ...
We present a case of endogenous endophthalmitis secondary to liver abscesses, in a patient with no previous medical ... This case highlights the importance of being aware of endogenous endophthalmitis, as early diagnosis and prompt administration ...
... an emergent ophthalmology consultation revealed fulminant endophthalmitis. The patients antimicrobial therapy was changed to ...
  • [ 6 ] Endophthalmitis occurs in approximately 0.2% of corneal transplantation (keratoplasty) cases in the acute postoperative period and up to 0.7% if later cases are included. (medscape.com)
  • Pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil insertion may have a protective effect against the development of postoperative endophthalmitis in eyes receiving KPro. (hindawi.com)
  • The team identified acute-onset postoperative endophthalmitis cases that occurred within 30 days of surgery and determined annual and aggregate five-year incidences. (reviewofoptometry.com)
  • The largest category is acute-onset postoperative endophthalmitis, generally defined as presenting within 6 weeks of intraocular surgery. (entokey.com)
  • The EVS reported that for patients with acute-onset postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery or secondary IOL implantation and presenting visual acuity of light perception (LP), PPV was associated with improved visual outcomes when compared to vitreous tap. (entokey.com)
  • After PK, endophthalmitis may arise owing to intraoperative contamination, contamination of the donor corneal button, or postoperative invasion by microorganisms. (aao.org)
  • Source of pathogens is the ocular surface (e.g., in postoperative, keratitis-related, and bleb-related endophthalmitis) or the environment (e.g., in posttraumatic endophthalmitis). (eophtha.com)
  • 6 In a retrospective study of 170 culture-positive postoperative endophthalmitis cases in India, 21.8% of cases were due to fungi. (eophtha.com)
  • 7 The postoperative fungal endophthalmitis is usually seen due to use of contaminated intraocular irrigation solution, intraocular lenses, ventilation system, hospital construction activities or surgeries conducted in rural settings or eye camps. (eophtha.com)
  • The main objectives of this retrospective multi-center study were to evaluate the rate, risk factors, functional outcome and prognosis of RD after surgical treatment of patients with severe acute exogenous postoperative endophthalmitis having no BCVA exclusion criteria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Postoperative endophthalmitis is a rare and devastating ocular entity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Objectives: Postoperative endophthalmitis results from an intraocular infection and usually occurs following cataract surgery. (edu.au)
  • The aim of this study was to assess the trends in the incidence rates of cataract surgery and postoperative endophthalmitis in Western Australia for the period 1980−1998.Methods: The Western Australian Record Linkage Project was used to link the morbidity records for all patients treated for cataract surgery in Western Australia in 1980−1998. (edu.au)
  • Patient records were selected using the international classification for diagnosis and procedure codes pertaining to cataract surgery and postoperative endophthalmitis. (edu.au)
  • All cases of postoperative endophthalmitis were validated by case-note review. (edu.au)
  • Trends in the incidence rates of cataract surgery and postoperative endophthalmitis were assessed by Poisson regression.Results: There were 94 653 cataract procedures performed for 63 007 patients in Western Australia during the 19-year period. (edu.au)
  • Postoperative endophthalmitis developed in 188 patients, with serious visual impairment occurring in 70.6% of patients for whom visual acuity data was available at presentation. (edu.au)
  • In contrast, the average annual incidence rate of postoperative endophthalmitis remained relatively unchanged at around 2 per 1000 cataract procedures over the same period.Conclusion: Cataract surgery is becoming more prevalent in the elderly as the life expectancy of the population increases. (edu.au)
  • Despite changes in surgical practice the incidence rate of postoperative endophthalmitis has remained the same. (edu.au)
  • Among cataract surgery patients, rates of postoperative endophthalmitis were 0.037% and 0.043% in the pre- and COVID-19 periods, respectively. (2minutemedicine.com)
  • There is continuing debate regarding the safety, efficacy, and necessity of intracameral antibiotics to prevent postoperative endophthalmitis. (medscape.com)
  • Postoperative endophthalmitis, although very rare, is one of the most serious, sight-threatening complications of ocular surgery. (medscape.com)
  • The incidence of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injections has been estimated at approximately 0.029% per injection. (medscape.com)
  • To identify the incidence of endophthalmitis and visual outcomes in eyes with Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis combined with pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil insertion (KPro + PPV + SOI) as compared to eyes receiving Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis (KPro) alone. (hindawi.com)
  • In this study, we report our observation that patients with KPro combined with pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil insertion have a lower incidence of infectious endophthalmitis than those with KPro alone. (hindawi.com)
  • The incidence of endophthalmitis after trabeculectomy, according to this report is similar to that after Scheie's procedure, but less than that after trephination. (nih.gov)
  • 1-3 The last study conducted on the incidence of bacterial endogenous endophthalmitis (BEE) in Singapore was published in 2000 by Wong et al. (annals.edu.sg)
  • The investigators discovered that 3,629 of the eyes that underwent cataract surgery developed acute-onset endophthalmitis, with the highest incidence falling among patients who were 17 years old or younger, followed by patients between the ages of 18 and 44. (reviewofoptometry.com)
  • In absence of a specific infectious condition, such as conjunctivitis, dacryocystitis and blepharitis (which should be diagnosed and treated before any intraocular surgery), the pre-operative administration of antibiotics has not been shown to reduce the incidence and/or the severity of post-operative bacterial endophthalmitis. (unimol.it)
  • The incidence of endophthalmitis is considerably higher in PK patients than cataract surgery patients, particularly if the vitreous is invaded or if the donor died of infection. (aao.org)
  • The incidence of fungal endophthalmitis has increased in recent years, particularly in developing countries. (eophtha.com)
  • Question What is the incidence of endophthalmitis following dexamethasone intravitreal implant (DEX) injection? (jamanetwork.com)
  • Objective To report the incidence of culture-proven endophthalmitis in a single vitreoretinal practice over the course of 3 years and describe the clinical outcomes associated with each case of endophthalmitis. (jamanetwork.com)
  • To describe the incidence, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes of endophthalmitis after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with recycled single-use devices. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1. In a retrospective study of about 30,000 patients, the incidence of post-vitrectomy endophthalmitis increased significantly from 0.11% to 0.21% during the COVID-19 period. (2minutemedicine.com)
  • Endophthalmitis cases after cataract surgeries were examined over the same period in the same centers, and there was no significant difference in incidence. (2minutemedicine.com)
  • The odds ratio for the incidence of endophthalmitis in the COVID-19-period group as compared to the pre-COVID-19 group was 1.913, with a 95% confidence interval of 1.078-3.394. (2minutemedicine.com)
  • Cases after vitrectomy alone constituted most of the increased incidence in post-vitrectomy endophthalmitis, while cases after combined vitrectomy and cataract surgery remained relatively stable between study periods. (2minutemedicine.com)
  • Along with aseptic surgical protocols, the use of perioperative povidone iodine and isolation of the eyelids and eyelashes with proper draping are effective in limiting the incidence of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. (medscape.com)
  • Endophthalmitis, or endophthalmia, is inflammation of the interior cavity of the eye, usually caused by an infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Even though antibiotics can have negative impacts on the retina in high concentrations, since visual acuity worsens in 65% of endophthalmitis patients and prognosis gets poorer the longer an infection goes untreated, most medical professionals make the clinical judgment decision that immediate intervention with antibiotics is necessary. (wikipedia.org)
  • Endophthalmitis is an inflammatory condition of the intraocular cavities (ie, the aqueous and/or vitreous humor), usually caused by infection. (medscape.com)
  • Endophthalmitis can be broadly classified by the source of infection into endogenous and exogenous. (medscape.com)
  • Endogenous endophthalmitis results from the hematogenous spread of organisms from a distant source of infection. (medscape.com)
  • Endophthalmitis often results in vision loss, particularly if the infection is not identified early and treated aggressively ( 4 - 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Endophthalmitis refers to the inflammation of the ocular cavities and their immediate adjacent structures without extension beyond the sclera, usually secondary to infection. (annals.edu.sg)
  • Endophthalmitis is infection inside the eye. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Infection that causes endophthalmitis is usually due to bacteria (such as Staphylococcus aureus ), but fungi or protozoa may also be responsible. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The diagnosis of endophthalmitis is based on the symptoms, an examination of the eye, and cultures to identify the organism causing the infection. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Endogenous endophthalmitis results from the hematogenous spread of organisms from a distant source of infection (eg, endocarditis). (medscape.com)
  • In endogenous endophthalmitis, blood-borne organisms (seen in patients who are bacteremic in situations such as endocarditis) permeate the blood-ocular barrier either by direct invasion (eg, septic emboli) or by changes in vascular endothelium caused by substrates released during infection. (medscape.com)
  • Endophthalmitis, which is one of the severest complications of cataract surgeries, can seriously threaten vision and even lead to irreversible blindness owing to its complicated microenvironment, including both local bacterial infection and severe inflammation. (thno.org)
  • A serious eye infection, endophthalmitis can develop suddenly or, in some cases gradually, after an eye surgery, eye injury or bacterial infection in another part of your body. (umiamihealth.org)
  • To the author s knowledge, this is the first report of endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis secondary to S. marcescens infection in a cat. (openveterinaryjournal.com)
  • Bacillus cereus is a Gram-positive, pathogenic bacterium capable of causing an ocular infection known as endophthalmitis. (bsu.edu)
  • Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis is a rare, potentially blinding complication of systemic fungal infection. (springeropen.com)
  • Endophthalmitis, or inflammation of the eye typically due to infection, is a rare but serious complication of ocular surgeries, including vitrectomy. (2minutemedicine.com)
  • Exogenous endophthalmitis occurs with direct inoculation of an organism from the outside as a complication of ocular procedures, foreign bodies, and/or blunt or penetrating ocular trauma. (medscape.com)
  • In the United States, post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis is the most common form, with approximately 0.1% of operations having this complication. (medscape.com)
  • One catastrophic complication of KPro is infectious endophthalmitis. (hindawi.com)
  • However, despite the best of efforts, sometimes the outcome is not perfect, resulting in dreaded complication of endophthalmitis. (iapb.org)
  • In the majority of cases, the infective agents of a post-operative endophthalmitis cannot be identified without any doubt, but several evidences indicate that the bacterial flora of eyelids and/or conjunctiva is the most common cause of this complication. (unimol.it)
  • Exogenous endophthalmitis results from direct inoculation of an organism from the outside as a complication of ocular surgery, foreign bodies, and/or blunt or penetrating ocular trauma. (medscape.com)
  • In the United States, postcataract endophthalmitis is the most common form, with approximately 0.1-0.3% of operations having this complication, which has increased over the last 3 years. (medscape.com)
  • Infectious endophthalmitis is a rare yet severe complication of intraocular surgery, trauma and systemic illness. (reviewofoptometry.com)
  • According to Medscape, post-cataract endophthalmitis is the most common exogenous form, though less than 1 percent of cataract surgeries have this complication. (actforlibraries.org)
  • Meaning These data suggest that endophthalmitis is a rare complication of DEX, and vitrectomy with removal of DEX may not be necessary in all patients with endophthalmitis. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Retinal detachment (RD) is a complication of both endophthalmitis and the surgical procedures used in its treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conclusion: Endophthalmitis is a rare complication of GDI surgery that appears to be more common in children. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Patients are usually treated as bacterial infections and would have received steroids before they are diagnosed to have fungal endophthalmitis. (eophtha.com)
  • Two patients had culture-proven bacterial endophthalmitis after DEX monoinjections (0.06% of injections and 0.2% of patients). (jamanetwork.com)
  • Herein, we developed AuAgCu 2 O-bromfenac sodium nanoparticles (AuAgCu 2 O-BS NPs), which was designed to combine anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects for integrated therapy of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. (thno.org)
  • In vivo bacterial elimination and anti-inflammation were confirmed by a postcataract endophthalmitis rabbit model. (thno.org)
  • We determined that endophthalmitis caused by B. cereus stressed with the SIC of carvacrol results in an increased systemic immune response and increased ocular damage, but we are unable to confirm if these increases are due to bacterial virulence or irritation caused by carvacrol. (bsu.edu)
  • 2. A small portion of COVID-19-period post-vitrectomy endophthalmitis cases were found to be due to oral bacterial flora. (2minutemedicine.com)
  • bacterial endophthalmitis is more common. (cdc.gov)
  • For people with suspected exogenous endophthalmitis, a biopsy (virtuous tap) and treatment with antibiotics (usually by injection) is usually the first line of treatment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Different approaches have been suggested to prevent exogenous endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most cases of exogenous endophthalmitis occur after intraocular procedures, particularly cataract surgery. (medscape.com)
  • The 2 types of endophthalmitis are endogenous (ie, metastatic) and exogenous. (medscape.com)
  • Any surgical procedure that disrupts the integrity of the globe can lead to exogenous endophthalmitis (eg, cataract, glaucoma, retinal, radial keratotomy, intravitreal injections). (medscape.com)
  • Fungal endophthalmitis can be classified into exogenous and endogenous types. (eophtha.com)
  • Exogenous endophthalmitis is caused by direct inoculation of the eye, which can occur during surgery, penetrating trauma or with the introduction of foreign bodies. (actforlibraries.org)
  • Since then, it has become a routine practice to refer patients with Klebsiella bacteraemia to the ophthalmology service for endophthalmitis screening, independent of visual symptoms. (annals.edu.sg)
  • an emergent ophthalmology consultation revealed fulminant endophthalmitis. (myadlm.org)
  • Ganekal, S & Dorairaj, S 2022, ' Commentary: Fulminant fungal endogenous endophthalmitis following COVID-19 ', Indian Journal of Ophthalmology , vol. 70, no. 8, pp. 3143. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In this retrospective study data of endophthalmitis patients from the departments of ophthalmology at the university clinic of Hamburg Eppendorf and the university clinic of the Eberhard Karls in Tübingen, Germany were evaluated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moderate evidence also supports antibiotic eye drops (levofloxacin or chloramphenicol) with antibiotic injections (cefuroxime or penicillin) to reduce the risk of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery compared with injections or eye drops alone. (wikipedia.org)
  • Appropriate conjunctiva management and early detection with surgical repair of conjunctival retractions or erosions may reduce the risk of endophthalmitis. (rxlist.com)
  • In this study, endophthalmitis was defined clinically by the presence of inflammation of the posterior segment with or without anterior chamber inflammation. (annals.edu.sg)
  • Endophthalmitis is an eye inflammation, involving the vitreous cavity and its surrounding tissues responsible for vision. (unimol.it)
  • Clinical signs of post-operative endophthalmitis are variable in relation to the typology of the infecting agent, the level of the intraocular inflammation, and the duration of the disease. (unimol.it)
  • Endophthalmitis is characterized by marked inflammation of intraocular tissues and fluids. (entokey.com)
  • The anti-inflammatory drug, bromfenac sodium, released from the nanoparticles were able to significantly reduce the local inflammation of the endophthalmitis and promote tissue rehabilitation. (thno.org)
  • Whatever form it may assume, endophthalmitis, which usually occurs with purulent inflammation of the intraocular fluids, such as the vitreous and the aqueous humor, is a serious and dangerous ocular condition, and can be very challenging for the vitreoretinal surgeon, because visibility can be severely compromised due to corneal edema, anterior chamber cells and non-transparent vitreous [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Common ocular procedures associated with endophthalmitis include cataract surgery, intravitreal infections, keratoplasty, and filtering blebs. (medscape.com)
  • Posttraumatic endophthalmitis occurs in 4-13% of all penetrating ocular injuries. (medscape.com)
  • Endophthalmitis is a potentially devastating ocular disease that may lead to permanent loss of vision. (eophtha.com)
  • Because of the blood-ocular barrier, the condition is rare and accounts for less than 15 percent of endophthalmitis cases according to Medscape, but when it does occur it can lead to blindness. (actforlibraries.org)
  • However, fungal endophthalmitis though rare has a poor prognosis and usually diagnosed late. (eophtha.com)
  • The prognosis of fungal endophthalmitis depends on the magnitude of intraocular involvement, the virulence of the organism, and the timing of treatment. (eophtha.com)
  • E arly diagnosis of fungal endophthalmitis is important in order to prevent irreversible damage to the retina and prevent visual loss. (eophtha.com)
  • In 50% of cases, endogenous endophthalmitis is caused by fungal infections due to candida species or aspergillosis. (drushti.com)
  • 3 Candida species are the most common cause of endogenous fungal endophthalmitis. (cdc.gov)
  • The SUSVIMO implant has been associated with a 3-fold higher rate of endophthalmitis than monthly intravitreal injections of ranibizumab. (rxlist.com)
  • Importance The rate of endophthalmitis following dexamethasone intravitreal implant (DEX) has varied in large clinical trials. (jamanetwork.com)
  • The use of face masks by the doctor, ancillary staff, and patient during intravitreal injections is associated with a reduced rate of endophthalmitis compared with the standard of care, according to a presentation by Sunir J. Garg, MD, FACS at Hawaiian Eye. (ophthalmology360.com)
  • The rate of endophthalmitis in patients who underwent 23-gauge PPV was comparable to those who underwent 25-gauge PPV. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A possible cause of endophthalmitis is the anterior dissection of the superficial scleral flap into the cornea. (nih.gov)
  • Treatment depends on the underlying cause of endophthalmitis. (drushti.com)
  • Hematogenous candida endophthalmitis, which has a characteristic finding of single or multiple fluffy white cotton ball-like chorioretinal lesions often extending into vitreous, is the most fulminant manifestation of systemic candidiasis and may result in blindness. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We report hematogenous candida endophthalmitis in a patient of systemic candidiasis and, to our knowledge, it is the first reported case in our country. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Due to these variations, it is important to differentiate these strains in clinical situations like Candida endophthalmitis due to potential differences in presentation, treatment, and clinical outcomes. (springeropen.com)
  • 3 An estimated 1% of patients with candidemia develop Candida endophthalmitis. (cdc.gov)
  • Comparison of different antifungal treatment regimens for experimental Candida endophthalmitis in rabbit models]. (bvsalud.org)
  • During March 6-8, 2013, four patients with age-related macular degeneration received a diagnosis of acute endophthalmitis after receiving intravitreal bevacizumab injections on March 4, 2013, at a retinal specialty clinic (clinic A) in Georgia. (cdc.gov)
  • This value set contains concepts that represent a diagnosis of other endophthalmitis. (healthit.gov)
  • Includes only relevant concepts associated with a diagnosis of ophthalmia nodosa, parasitic cyst or endophthalmitis, panuveitis, sympathetic uveitis, or other endophthalmitis diagnoses. (healthit.gov)
  • This case highlights the importance of being aware of endogenous endophthalmitis, as early diagnosis and prompt administration of antibiotics will optimise visual outcomes. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • The Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study (EVS) has investigated about the management of post-operative endophthalmitis, considering the roles of pars plana vitrectomy and systemic antibiotics in addition to standard treatments with intravitreal antibiotic and topical or systemic corticosteroids. (unimol.it)
  • RD was related to capsular rupture, noxious bacteria and an early additional procedure in the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study (EVS). (biomedcentral.com)
  • According to the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study (EVS), [ 1 ] visual outcomes are often poor. (medscape.com)
  • Perioperative antibiotic injections into the eye, specifically cefuroxime at the end of surgery, lowers the chance of endophthalmitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • There is evidence to suggest that a solution of povidone-iodine applied pre-injection may be effective at preventing some cases of endophthalmitis in people undergoing introvitreal injections. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 7 ] Endophthalmitis also may occur after intravitreal injections, although this risk usually is lower than with cataract surrgery. (medscape.com)
  • Endophthalmitis may also occur after intravitreal injections, although this risk in an analysis of over 10,000 injections is estimated at 0.029% per injection. (medscape.com)
  • An analysis of these rare, repeat cases showed that recurrent endophthalmitis was most often seen following intravitreal injections. (reviewofoptometry.com)
  • Additionally, they note that "the cumulative number of intravitreal injections may be an independent risk factor for recurrent post-injection endophthalmitis. (reviewofoptometry.com)
  • Findings In this single-center case series, 3593 injections of DEX in 1051 patients over a 3-year period resulted in 5 cases of endophthalmitis (0.14% of injections or 0.38% of patients, including 2 events in 1 patient). (jamanetwork.com)
  • Three other cases of endophthalmitis developed after coinjection with bevacizumab (aggregate rate: 0.14% of injections and 0.38% of patients), of which 2 were culture positive. (jamanetwork.com)
  • What intravitreal injections have taught us about endophthalmitis. (ophthalmology360.com)
  • The Influence of Universal Face Mask Use on Endophthalmitis Risk after Intravitreal Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Injections. (ophthalmology360.com)
  • Past studies in the setting of non-operative intravitreal injections have found mixed results on the relationship between patient face mask wearing and endophthalmitis risk. (2minutemedicine.com)
  • In 2012, CDC, state and local health departments, and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) investigated a multistate outbreak of Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex endophthalmitis associated with Brilliant Blue-G, a type of dye used during eye surgery, and Bipolaris endophthalmitis associated with eye injections of a steroid called triamcinolone. (cdc.gov)
  • Researchers recently found that acute-onset endophthalmitis occurs in approximately 0.04% of cataract surgeries performed in the United States, with risk factors including younger age, combined surgeries (cataract with other ophthalmic surgeries) and anterior vitrectomy. (reviewofoptometry.com)
  • They note that endophthalmitis occurred four times more in cases of combined surgical procedures than in standalone cataract surgeries (0.20% vs. 0.04%) and in 0.35% of patients receiving anterior vitrectomy. (reviewofoptometry.com)
  • In a patient with endophthalmitis, the etiology and most likely infecting organisms may be predicted by the clinical setting. (entokey.com)
  • In clinical trials, 2.0% of patients receiving a ranibizumab implant experienced at least one episode of endophthalmitis [see CONTRAINDICATIONS, WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. (rxlist.com)
  • Clinical course and characteristics of eyes that developed recurrent episodes of endophthalmitis. (reviewofoptometry.com)
  • Main Outcomes and Measures Development of endophthalmitis following DEX and the clinical management and outcomes of each case of endophthalmitis. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Our studies of nanosystem provide a promising synergic therapeutic strategy for postcataract endophthalmitis treatment with favorable prognosis and promise in clinical translations. (thno.org)
  • The first clinical evidence of endophthalmitis was present in median 5 days after the triggering intervention. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Aim: To investigate the rate, risk factors, clinical course, and treatment outcomes of endophthalmitis following glaucoma drainage implant (GDI) surgery. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • We undertook a multicenter, retrospective, consecutive case series to describe the clinical features and outcomes of patients with culture-proven C. dubliniensis endophthalmitis. (springeropen.com)
  • Several additional large, international retrospective clinical studies found a significant reduction in endophthalmitis rates with intracameral antibiotic prophylaxis. (medscape.com)
  • New data from several large retrospective clinical studies add to the evidence that routine intracameral antibiotic prophylaxis significantly reduces the endophthalmitis rate following cataract surgery. (medscape.com)
  • For these reasons, the EVS outcomes should not be generalized to all forms of endophthalmitis, which could potentially benefit utilizing different or additional therapeutic approaches. (unimol.it)
  • Unlike C. albicans endophthalmitis, C. dubliniensis endophthalmitis has reasonable visual outcomes and does not appear to be associated with high mortality. (springeropen.com)
  • In the former group, secondary intraocular lens placement and pars plana vitrectomy are associated with the highest and lowest endophthalmitis rate, respectively. (unimol.it)
  • To evaluate the rate, risk factors, functional outcome and prognosis in eyes with retinal detachment after post-operative endophthalmitis treated with 23G Pars Plana Vitrectomy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This population was evaluated for the rate of retinal detachment after 23G Pars Plana Vitrectomy for endophthalmitis following cataract surgery or intravitreal injection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We emphasize the prognostic role of preoperative visual acuity in RD development of the endophthalmitis treated with 23G Pars Plana Vitrectomy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, the present study is the first to compare rates of endophthalmitis after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) performed with vitrectomy tools disposed of after one use with rates of endophthalmitis after PPV that used recycled single-use vitrectomy tools. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The reasons for endophthalmitis were previous cataract surgery in 78 patients and following intravitreal injection in 38 patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Posttraumatic endophthalmitis comprises 25-30% of all endophthalmitis cases and occurs in up to 2-7% of cases of penetrating injury to the globe. (medscape.com)
  • Because cataract surgery is the most frequently performed intraocular surgery, the 90% of post-operative endophthalmitis occurs after this surgical procedure. (unimol.it)
  • C. dubliniensis endophthalmitis is a rare condition which occurs mainly in intravenous drug users and can occur in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. (springeropen.com)
  • In endogenous endophthalmitis, blood-borne organisms (seen in patients who are bacteremic or fungemic) arrive at the eye via the highly vascular choroid and permeate the blood-eye barrier. (medscape.com)
  • Culture of vitreous fluid samples from all patients in Georgia grew Granulicatella adiacens , a gram-positive bacterium that is part of the oral flora but a rare human pathogen not previously reported to cause endophthalmitis ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) results from haematogenous spread of microorganisms in patients with bacteraemia or fungaemia into the eye and represents 2-15% of endophthalmitis cases. (annals.edu.sg)
  • They also found that endophthalmitis patients had mean visual acuity of 20/100 three months post-op vs. 20/40 for those without endophthalmitis. (reviewofoptometry.com)
  • However, they add that 4% of endophthalmitis patients still achieved 20/20 or better and 44% achieved 20/40 or better at three months. (reviewofoptometry.com)
  • Patients who were diagnosed with and treated for endophthalmitis at least twice were included in this retrospective, single-center, consecutive case series. (reviewofoptometry.com)
  • Eight of the 12 patients had recurrent endophthalmitis in the same eye, and four had separate episodes in different eyes. (reviewofoptometry.com)
  • Methods: A computerised relational database search was conducted to identify all patients who were implanted with Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) and developed endophthalmitis following surgery at the King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between 1 January 1994 and 30 November 2003. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Only medical records of the patients who developed endophthalmitis were retrospectively reviewed. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Medical charts of patients who developed endophthalmitis after PPV were retrospectively reviewed and reported in a descriptive manner. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Medical records were reviewed for all patients with C. dubliniensis endophthalmitis on vitreous/aqueous cultures from June 1998 to June 2013 from all public hospitals throughout Queensland, Australia. (springeropen.com)
  • Queensland public hospital pathology records were reviewed for all patients with endophthalmitis and vitreous/aqueous samples that cultured C. dubliniensis over a 15-year period from June 1998 to June 2013. (springeropen.com)
  • All patients had endogenous endophthalmitis, but only two patients had other symptoms of systemic illness with the other three patients having isolated endophthalmitis only. (springeropen.com)
  • Healthcare providers treating patients for keratitis or endophthalmitis should ask patients if they have used EzriCare Artificial Tears. (cdc.gov)
  • The percentage of Bacillus infections was unusually high compared to other types of endophthalmitis (3.8% for the whole group, 31% for the group with intraocular foreign bodies). (qxmd.com)
  • What are the types of Endophthalmitis? (drushti.com)
  • The researchers say that final visual outcome worsened after each successive episode of endophthalmitis. (reviewofoptometry.com)
  • Dr Garg presented data from a recent retrospective study that evaluated universal face mask use on post-injection endophthalmitis rates, a practice that has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. (ophthalmology360.com)
  • TASS vs Infectious endophthalmitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Non-infectious endophthalmitis is also called sterile endophthalmitis. (actforlibraries.org)
  • Endophthalmitis can be caused by infectious or non-infectious culprits, and determining the source will help treat the condition. (actforlibraries.org)
  • In its most common form, Gordonia bronchialis, it is known as a rare cause of eye infections such as chronic INFECTIOUS ENDOPHTHALMITIS. (bvsalud.org)
  • Endophthalmitis is an inflammatory condition of the eye, specifically the intraocular cavities - inside the eye is the aqueous humor between the cornea and lens, and the vitreous humor between the lens and retina. (actforlibraries.org)
  • It's unlikely that a patient will contract the disease more than once in their lifetime, but when it does occur, it's important to understand the risk factors and etiology for recurrent endophthalmitis. (reviewofoptometry.com)
  • Periocular injection of penicillin along with chloramphenicol-suphadimidine eye drops and an intracameral cefuroxime injection with topical levofloxacin also reduces the risk reduction of developing endophthalmitis following cataract surgery for some people. (wikipedia.org)
  • Conclusions and Relevance These data suggest that endophthalmitis is a rare event following injection of DEX. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Writing committee for the Post-Injection Endophthalmitis Study Group, Patel SN, Tang PH, et al. (ophthalmology360.com)
  • Endophthalmitis can emerge by entirely sterile means, e.g. an allergic reaction to a drug administered intravitreally. (wikipedia.org)
  • Noninfectious (sterile) endophthalmitis may result from various causes, such as retained native lens material after an operation or from toxic agents. (medscape.com)
  • An eye exam should be considered in systemic candidiasis, as up to 3% of cases of candidal blood infections lead to endophthalmitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Viruses can also cause extensive eye infections, but these are not usually classified as endophthalmitis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Endophthalmitis after penetrating keratoplasty. (aao.org)
  • Hematogenous endophthalmitis in a patient with candidemia. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Hematogenous endophthalmitis in a patient with candidemia. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The choice of antibiotic may be adjusted depending on which organism is found to be causing the endophthalmitis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Bacillus cases have a very poor outcome and in fact the overall functional results in the post-traumatic endophthalmitis group were poorer than in other categories. (qxmd.com)
  • Twenty-five eyes (21.55%) developed a retinal detachment an average of 25 days after endophthalmitis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two eyes developed retinal detachment over the course of the endophthalmitis. (springeropen.com)
  • Decreased vision and permanent loss of vision are common complications of endophthalmitis. (medscape.com)
  • Post-operative endophthalmitis represents the most frequent event accounting for more than 70% of cases. (unimol.it)