A lymphoid neoplastic disease in cattle caused by the bovine leukemia virus. Enzootic bovine leukosis may take the form of lymphosarcoma, malignant lymphoma, or leukemia but the presence of malignant cells in the blood is not a consistent finding.
The type species of DELTARETROVIRUS that causes a form of bovine lymphosarcoma (ENZOOTIC BOVINE LEUKOSIS) or persistent lymphocytosis.
Diseases of domestic cattle of the genus Bos. It includes diseases of cows, yaks, and zebus.
Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.
A group of transmissible viral diseases of chickens and turkeys. Liver tumors are found in most forms, but tumors can be found elsewhere.
The type species of ALPHARETROVIRUS producing latent or manifest lymphoid leukosis in fowl.
Excess of normal lymphocytes in the blood or in any effusion.
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)

Ovine MHC class II DRB1 alleles associated with resistance or susceptibility to development of bovine leukemia virus-induced ovine lymphoma. (1/124)

For the further characterization of bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-induced leukemogenesis, we investigated the association between polymorphism of ovine leukocyte antigen (OLA)-DRB1 gene and tumor development after infection of sheep with BLV. We infected 28 sheep with BLV and cloned exon 2 of the OLA-DRB1 gene from asymptomatic animals and from animals with lymphoma Sequence analysis revealed that, among 12 healthy sheep without any evidence of tumor, ten (83.3%) carried DRB1 alleles encoding Arg-Lys (RK) at positions beta70/71 as compared with only 6 (37.5%) of the 16 sheep with lymphoma, which suggested that alleles encoding the RK motif might protect against development of tumors after infection by BLV. By contrast, alleles encoding Ser-Arg (SR) at positions beta70/71 were present at a significantly elevated frequency in sheep with lymphoma as compared with the healthy carriers, which indicated that OLA-DRB1 alleles encoding the SR motif might be positively related to susceptibility to tumor development. The two amino acids in these motifs line a pocket that accommodates the side chain of a bound peptide according to a model of the crystal structure of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR1. To analyze immunoreactions of sheep with alleles that encoded RK or SR at beta70/71, we selected sheep with either the RK/SR genotypes or the SR/SR genotypes and immunized them with a mixture of multiple synthetic antigenic peptides that corresponded to T-helper, T-cytotoxic, and B-cell epitopes of the BLV envelope glycoprotein gp51. Two weeks after the last immunization, all of the sheep were challenged with BLV. Sheep with the RK/SR genotype produced neutralizing antibodies against BLV; they eliminated BLV completely within 28 weeks of the BLV challenge, and they gave strong lymphocyte-proliferative responses to the peptides used for immunization. Moreover, such animals did not develop lymphoma. By contrast, sheep with the SR/SR genotype continued to produce BLV throughout the experimental period and developed terminal disease. Our results indicate that the differences in immunoresponse were due to differences in major histocompatibility complex class II alleles and reflected the risk of BLV-induced leukemogenesis. In addition, it appears that susceptibility to tumor development may be determined to some extent by polymorphic residues binding to antigenic peptides directly within the binding cleft of the OLA-DR molecule.  (+info)

Bovine leukemia virus structural gene vectors are immunogenic and lack pathogenicity in a rabbit model. (2/124)

Infection with a replication-competent bovine leukemia virus structural gene vector (BLV SGV) is an innovative vaccination approach to prevent disease by complex retroviruses. Previously we developed BLV SGV that constitutively expresses BLV gag, pol, and env and related cis-acting sequences but lacks tax, rex, RIII, and GIV and most of the BLV long terminal repeat sequences, including the cis-acting Tax and Rex response elements. The novel SGV virus is replication competent and replicates a selectable vector to a titer similar to that of the parental BLV in cell culture. The overall goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that infection with BLV SGV is nonpathogenic in rabbits. BLV infection of rabbits by inoculation of cell-free BLV or cell-associated BLV typically causes an immunodeficiency-like syndrome and death by 1 year postinfection. We sought to evaluate whether in vivo transfection of BLV provirus recapitulates pathogenic BLV infection and to compare BLV and BLV SGV with respect to infection, immunogenicity, and clinical outcome. Three groups of rabbits were subjected to in vivo transfection with BLV, BLV SGV, or negative control DNA. The results of our 20-month study indicate that in vivo transfection of rabbits with BLV recapitulates the fatal BLV infection produced by cell-free or cell-associated BLV. The BLV-infected rabbits exhibited sudden onset of clinical decline and immunodeficiency-like symptoms that culminated in death. BLV and BLV SGV infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells and induced similar levels of seroconversion to BLV structural proteins. However, BLV SGV exhibited a reduced proviral load and did not trigger the immunodeficiency-like syndrome. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that BLV SGV is infectious and immunogenic and lacks BLV pathogenicity in rabbits, and they support the use of this modified proviral vector delivery system for vaccines against complex retroviruses like BLV.  (+info)

Long-term protection against bovine leukaemia virus replication in cattle and sheep. (3/124)

In this report, we have evaluated the ability of two different types of live attenuated bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) variants (BLV DX and BLV 6073) to protect cattle and sheep against a heterologous wild-type BLV challenge. Four months after challenge, the protection of the vaccinated animals was effective in contrast to unvaccinated controls. However, long-term protection (18 months after challenge) was observed only in six out of seven animals, one of the vaccinated cattle being infected 12 months after challenge. A second prospective approach investigated the injection of naked plasmid DNA. Two sheep were injected with plasmid DNA encoding the BLV envelope proteins; the challenge virus infection was delayed but could not be completely abrogated. Our results demonstrate that vaccines based on live attenuated viruses and naked DNA injections are able to delay BLV infection, although complete protection cannot be achieved. In addition, our data cast light onto the need to perform long-term vaccination trials because challenge superinfection can occur even after apparent protection for 12 months.  (+info)

Protective effects of a live attenuated bovine leukaemia virus vaccine with deletion in the R3 and G4 genes. (4/124)

In this study the protective effects of a live attenuated bovine leukaemia provirus (pBLVDX) with deletion in the R3 and G4 genes were tested. Six out of six sheep appeared to resist challenge with parental BLV344. Two out of three animals transfected with pBLVDX were protected against challenge with bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) from a naturally infected cow. As a model for the protection against infection by members of the human T-lymphotropic virus/BLV group, these data provide evidence that a DNA-based vaccination with an attenuated provirus is able to protect against challenge infections.  (+info)

Spontaneously proliferating lymphocytes from bovine leukaemia virus-infected, lymphocytotic cattle are not the virus-expressing lymphocytes, as these cells are delayed in G(0)/G(1) of the cell cycle and are spared from apoptosis. (5/124)

Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) is in the family of oncogenic retroviruses which includes human T cell leukaemia virus (HTLV). BLV infects B lymphocytes and induces a non-neoplastic persistent lymphocytosis (PL) of B lymphocytes in cattle. A characteristic of BLV- and HTLV-induced disease is spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation of cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). To investigate the role of virus expression on lymphocyte survival and proliferation, we evaluated cell cycle position, apoptosis and virus expression on a single-cell basis of cultured PBMC from BLV-infected PL cattle, BLV-infected non-PL cattle and uninfected cattle. Results demonstrated that the majority of bovine B lymphocytes spontaneously entered G(2)/M of the cell cycle and died by apoptosis by 24 h post-culture, regardless of BLV infection or PL status. The spontaneous proliferation that characterizes PL cattle was primarily due to a small population of surviving B lymphocytes, but T lymphocytes also contributed. Viral protein expression was detectable in only 5-15% of cultured PBMC from PL cattle and the majority of these lymphocytes were delayed in cell cycle and spared from apoptosis. Unexpectedly, we determined that only 3% of the spontaneously proliferating lymphocytes expressed viral proteins. Previous reports show that spontaneous proliferation decreases when virus expression is suppressed. Together with our results, this suggests that virus expression by one population of B lymphocytes promotes proliferation of another population of B lymphocytes that does not express virus. This may be due to an effect of virus on CD4 T lymphocytes, as depletion of CD4 T lymphocytes significantly decreased spontaneous proliferation.  (+info)

An unusual presentation of enzootic bovine leukosis. (6/124)

A 6-year-old, Holstein x Simmental cow diagnosed with pyelonephritis had increasing difficulty rising and became recumbent, despite treatment with antibiotics. A serological test for the bovine leukemia virus was positive; at necropsy, the left kidney and ureter and the myocardium showed lesions of lymphosarcoma, confirmed by histology.  (+info)

Infection of bovine immunodeficiency virus and bovine leukemia virus in water buffalo and cattle populations in Pakistan. (7/124)

A survey of antibodies to bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) known as bovine lentivirus and bovine leukemia virus (BLV) was conducted with samples from water buffalo and cattle populations in Pakistan. A total of 370 water buffaloes and 76 cattle were tested, and 10.3% and 15.8%, respectively, were found positive for anti-BIV p26 antibodies determined by Western blotting, while 0.8% of water buffaloes and no cattle were positive for anti-BLV antibodies determined by immunodiffusion test. BIV-seropositive water buffaloes and cattle were found to have BIV proviral DNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells determined by nested polymerase chain reaction. This is the first report of BIV infections in water buffaloes.  (+info)

Agar gel immunodiffusion test for the detection of bovine leukemia virus antibodies: lack of trans-Atlantic standardization. (8/124)

Two agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) kits for the serodiagnosis of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) were imported from Europe and were compared with North American kits. The BLV AGID kits from North America and from Europe differed significantly. The punches were different, as were the pattern distribution in the agar of the reference and the test sera, resulting in differences in the reading of the immunoprecipitation lines. Based on the testing of 1200 serum samples from cattle, the European kits gave a good correlation with the American kits, as indicated by their respective kappa values. However, the European kits were found to be less sensitive when evaluated against weakly positive samples from field specimens or following a dilution trial. Only 65% and 50% of the weakly positive samples detected by the American kit #1 were detected by the European kits #2 and #3, respectively. The American kit was also capable of detecting BLV antibodies in 45% of strongly positive samples diluted 1/50 in negative sera, while antibodies were detected in only 15% of the samples with the European kit #2 and in none of the samples with the European kit #3. False negatives were also detected with the European kits. Among the false negatives, the degree of expected reactions was weak (European kit #2) or of varying degrees of positivity (European kit #3). Besides the differences in format and performance, the BLV-AGID kits in Europe are evaluated with the National Standard Serum E4 while a proficiency panel composed of a quadruplicate set of 10 reference sera is used in Canada to monitor the kits. Based on the overall observations, we noted a lack of standardization between the BLV-AGID kits used in North America and in Europe.  (+info)

Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a slow-developing, persistent virus infection that primarily affects cattle. It is caused by the bovine leukemia virus (BLV), which is part of the retrovirus family. The term "enzootic" refers to an animal disease that is constantly present in a particular geographic area or population.

EBL is typically characterized by the development of malignant lymphosarcoma, a type of cancer affecting the lymphoid system, in mature animals. Infected animals may not show any clinical signs for several years, and some never develop the disease. However, when clinical symptoms do appear, they can include weight loss, decreased milk production, enlarged lymph nodes, difficulty swallowing, and paralysis.

The virus is primarily spread through contact with infected blood or other bodily fluids, such as during castration, dehorning, or veterinary procedures. It can also be transmitted from an infected mother to her calf through colostrum and milk. EBL has been reported in many countries worldwide, but control and eradication programs have significantly reduced its prevalence in some regions, including the United States and Western Europe.

It is important to note that enzootic bovine leukosis should not be confused with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), also known as "mad cow disease," which is a completely different and unrelated condition affecting cattle.

Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that infects cattle and causes enzootic bovine leukosis, a neoplastic disease characterized by the proliferation of malignant B-lymphocytes. The virus primarily targets the animal's immune system, leading to a decrease in the number of white blood cells (leukopenia) and an increased susceptibility to other infections.

The virus is transmitted horizontally through close contact with infected animals or vertically from mother to offspring via infected milk or colostrum. The majority of BLV-infected cattle remain asymptomatic carriers, but a small percentage develop clinical signs such as lymphoma, weight loss, and decreased milk production.

BLV is closely related to human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), and both viruses belong to the Retroviridae family, genus Deltaretrovirus. However, it's important to note that BLV does not cause leukemia or any other neoplastic diseases in humans.

Cattle diseases are a range of health conditions that affect cattle, which include but are not limited to:

1. Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD): Also known as "shipping fever," BRD is a common respiratory illness in feedlot cattle that can be caused by several viruses and bacteria.
2. Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD): A viral disease that can cause a variety of symptoms, including diarrhea, fever, and reproductive issues.
3. Johne's Disease: A chronic wasting disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. It primarily affects the intestines and can cause severe diarrhea and weight loss.
4. Digital Dermatitis: Also known as "hairy heel warts," this is a highly contagious skin disease that affects the feet of cattle, causing lameness and decreased productivity.
5. Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK): Also known as "pinkeye," IBK is a common and contagious eye infection in cattle that can cause blindness if left untreated.
6. Salmonella: A group of bacteria that can cause severe gastrointestinal illness in cattle, including diarrhea, dehydration, and septicemia.
7. Leptospirosis: A bacterial disease that can cause a wide range of symptoms in cattle, including abortion, stillbirths, and kidney damage.
8. Blackleg: A highly fatal bacterial disease that causes rapid death in young cattle. It is caused by Clostridium chauvoei and vaccination is recommended for prevention.
9. Anthrax: A serious infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Cattle can become infected by ingesting spores found in contaminated soil, feed or water.
10. Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD): A highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hooved animals, including cattle. It is characterized by fever and blisters on the feet, mouth, and teats. FMD is not a threat to human health but can have serious economic consequences for the livestock industry.

It's important to note that many of these diseases can be prevented or controlled through good management practices, such as vaccination, biosecurity measures, and proper nutrition. Regular veterinary care and monitoring are also crucial for early detection and treatment of any potential health issues in your herd.

"Cattle" is a term used in the agricultural and veterinary fields to refer to domesticated animals of the genus *Bos*, primarily *Bos taurus* (European cattle) and *Bos indicus* (Zebu). These animals are often raised for meat, milk, leather, and labor. They are also known as bovines or cows (for females), bulls (intact males), and steers/bullocks (castrated males). However, in a strict medical definition, "cattle" does not apply to humans or other animals.

Avian leukosis is a group of viral diseases that primarily affect chickens and other birds. It is caused by retroviruses known as avian leukosis viruses (ALVs) and leads to a variety of clinical signs, including immunosuppression, growth retardation, and the development of tumors in various organs. The disease can be transmitted both horizontally (through direct contact with infected birds or their secretions) and vertically (from infected hens to their offspring through the egg).

There are several subgroups of ALVs, each associated with specific types of tumors and clinical manifestations. For example:

1. ALV-J (Japanese strain): This subgroup is responsible for myelocytomatosis, a condition characterized by the proliferation of immature blood cells in the bone marrow, leading to anemia, leukopenia, and enlarged spleens and livers.
2. ALV-A, ALV-B, and ALV-C (American strains): These subgroups are associated with various types of lymphoid tumors, such as B-cell and T-cell lymphomas, which can affect the bursa of Fabricius, thymus, spleen, and other organs.
3. ALV-E (European strain): This subgroup is linked to erythroblastosis, a condition in which there is an excessive proliferation of red blood cell precursors, resulting in the formation of tumors in the bone marrow and other organs.

Avian leukosis poses significant economic challenges for the poultry industry due to its impact on growth, feed conversion efficiency, and mortality rates. Additionally, some countries have regulations in place to prevent the spread of avian leukosis viruses through the trade of infected birds or their products. Prevention measures include strict biosecurity protocols, vaccination programs, and rigorous screening and eradication strategies for infected flocks.

Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is a type of retrovirus that primarily affects chickens and other birds. It is responsible for a group of diseases known as avian leukosis, which includes various types of tumors and immunosuppressive conditions. The virus is transmitted horizontally through the shedder's dander, feathers, and vertical transmission through infected eggs.

There are several subgroups of ALV (A, B, C, D, E, and J), each with different host ranges and pathogenicity. Some strains can cause rapid death in young chickens, while others may take years to develop clinical signs. The most common form of the disease is neoplastic, characterized by the development of various types of tumors such as lymphomas, myelomas, and sarcomas.

Avian leukosis virus infection can have significant economic impacts on the poultry industry due to decreased growth rates, increased mortality, and condemnation of infected birds at processing. Control measures include eradication programs, biosecurity practices, vaccination, and breeding for genetic resistance.

Lymphocytosis is a medical term that refers to an abnormal increase in the number of lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) in the peripheral blood. A normal lymphocyte count ranges from 1,000 to 4,800 cells per microliter (μL) of blood in adults. Lymphocytosis is typically defined as a lymphocyte count greater than 4,800 cells/μL in adults or higher than age-specific normal values in children.

There are various causes of lymphocytosis, including viral infections (such as mononucleosis), bacterial infections, tuberculosis, fungal infections, parasitic infections, autoimmune disorders, allergies, and certain cancers like chronic lymphocytic leukemia or lymphoma. It is essential to investigate the underlying cause of lymphocytosis through a thorough clinical evaluation, medical history, physical examination, and appropriate diagnostic tests, such as blood tests, imaging studies, or biopsies.

It's important to note that an isolated episode of mild lymphocytosis is often not clinically significant and may resolve on its own without any specific treatment. However, persistent or severe lymphocytosis requires further evaluation and management based on the underlying cause.

Leukemia is a type of cancer that originates from the bone marrow - the soft, inner part of certain bones where new blood cells are made. It is characterized by an abnormal production of white blood cells, known as leukocytes or blasts. These abnormal cells accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells, leading to a decrease in red blood cells (anemia), platelets (thrombocytopenia), and healthy white blood cells (leukopenia).

There are several types of leukemia, classified based on the specific type of white blood cell affected and the speed at which the disease progresses:

1. Acute Leukemias - These types of leukemia progress rapidly, with symptoms developing over a few weeks or months. They involve the rapid growth and accumulation of immature, nonfunctional white blood cells (blasts) in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. The two main categories are:
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) - Originates from lymphoid progenitor cells, primarily affecting children but can also occur in adults.
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) - Develops from myeloid progenitor cells and is more common in older adults.

2. Chronic Leukemias - These types of leukemia progress slowly, with symptoms developing over a period of months to years. They involve the production of relatively mature, but still abnormal, white blood cells that can accumulate in large numbers in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. The two main categories are:
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - Affects B-lymphocytes and is more common in older adults.
- Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) - Originates from myeloid progenitor cells, characterized by the presence of a specific genetic abnormality called the Philadelphia chromosome. It can occur at any age but is more common in middle-aged and older adults.

Treatment options for leukemia depend on the type, stage, and individual patient factors. Treatments may include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, stem cell transplantation, or a combination of these approaches.

... (BLV) is a retrovirus which causes enzootic bovine leukosis in cattle. It is closely related to the human ... Only some animals later develop a B-cell leukemia called enzootic bovine leukosis. Under natural conditions the disease is ... OIE (2010). "Chapter 2.4.11 Enzootic bovine leukosis" (PDF). Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. ... "Bovine Leukosis Virus on U.S. Dairy Operations, 2007" (PDF). NAHMS Dairy 2007. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Archived (PDF) ...
Bovine leucosis Enzootic bovine leucosis, caused by bovine leukemia virus. Sporadic bovine leucosis Calf lymphosarcoma Leucosis ... ISBN 0-7020-0718-8. H. Graham Purchase and L.N. Payne, Leukosis/sarcoma Group, in Diseases of poultry, ed. by M.S. Hofstad, ... "Bovine leukemia virus". The dictionary of virology (4th ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press. pp. 61-62. ISBN 9780080920368 ... in horses Leucosis in sheep Feline leucosis Feline leukemia virus Avian leucosis and related diseases Avian sarcoma leukosis ...
Bovine Animals (Records, Identification and Movement) Order 1995 (S.I. 1995/12) Enzootic Bovine LeUkosis (Amendment) Order 1995 ... Bovine Embryo (Collection, Production and Transfer) Regulations 1995 (S.I. 1995/2478) Bovine Embryo (Collection, Production and ... Specified Bovine Offal Order 1995 (S.I. 1995/1928) Tax-exempt Special Savings Account (Amendment) Regulations 1995 (S.I. 1995/ ... Bovine Offal (Prohibition) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 1995 (S.I. 1995/537) Central Regional Council (Prohibition of ...
... enzootic bovine leukosis MeSH C04.557.337.372 - leukemia, experimental MeSH C04.557.337.372.216 - avian leukosis MeSH C04.557. ... avian leukosis MeSH C04.619.531.594 - leukemia L1210 MeSH C04.619.531.602 - leukemia L5178 MeSH C04.619.531.782 - leukemia p388 ... avian leukosis MeSH C04.619.935.313 - epstein-barr virus infections MeSH C04.619.935.313.165 - burkitt lymphoma MeSH C04.619. ...
Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/365) Teachers' Superannuation (Scotland) Amendment ... Bovines and Bovine Products (Trade) Amendment (Scotland) Regulations 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/184) Environmental Protection (Waste ... 2 and Transitional Provisions) Order 2000 (S.S.I. 2000/298) Export of Pigs, Porcine Material and Bovine Animals (Scotland) ...
... enzootic bovine leukosis MeSH C20.673.483.470 - htlv-i infections MeSH C20.673.483.470.300 - leukemia-lymphoma, t-cell, acute, ...
... bovine MeSH C22.196.250 - encephalopathy, bovine spongiform MeSH C22.196.260 - enzootic bovine leukosis MeSH C22.196.274 - ... bovine MeSH C22.196.831 - theileriasis MeSH C22.196.888 - trypanosomiasis, bovine MeSH C22.196.927 - tuberculosis, bovine MeSH ... MeSH C22.021.322 - brucellosis, bovine MeSH C22.131.094 - avian leukosis MeSH C22.131.321 - fowlpox MeSH C22.131.450 - ... enzootic MeSH C22.196.106 - bovine virus diarrhea-mucosal disease MeSH C22.196.148 - brucellosis, ...
866 (W.78)) Gorchymyn Brwselosis (Cymru) 2006 (S.I. 2006 Rhif 866 (Cy.78)) The Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (Wales) Order 2006 (S.I ... The Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Compensation (Wales) Regulations 2006 (S.I. 2006 No. 1512 (W.148)) Rheoliadau ...
389) The Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2011 (S.S.I. 2011 No. 390) The A96 Trunk Road (Church Road, ...
Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (Wales) Order 2006 (S.I. 2006/867) Value Added Tax (Consideration for Fuel Provided for Private Use) ... Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Compensation (Wales) Regulations 2006 (S.I. 2006/1512) Sheep and Goats Transmissible ...
... avian leukosis MeSH C02.782.815.200 - deltaretrovirus infections MeSH C02.782.815.200.260 - enzootic bovine leukosis MeSH ... bovine MeSH C02.782.417.214 - dengue fever MeSH C02.782.417.214.200 - dengue hemorrhagic fever MeSH C02.782.417.400 - cgi?mode ... bovine virus diarrhea-mucosal disease MeSH C02.782.350.675.200 - classical swine fever MeSH C02.782.350.675.400 - hemorrhagic ... enzootic porcine MeSH C02.782.687.359.500 - hepatitis a MeSH C02.782.687.359.764 - poliomyelitis MeSH C02.782.687.359.764.614 ...
Enzootic Bovine Leukosis Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/757) Brucellosis Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/758) Isles of Scilly (Direct Payments Act ... 2) Regulations 1997 (S.I. 1997/1903) Building Regulations (Amendment) Regulations 1997 (S.I. 1997/1904) Bovines and Bovine ... 2) Regulations 1997 (S.I. 1997/2364) Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Compensation (Amendment) Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2365) ... Bovine Hides Regulations 1997 (S.I. 1997/813) Sweeteners in Food (Amendment) Regulations 1997 (S.I. 1997/814) Motor Vehicle ...
1980 SI 1980/77 SI 1980/78 SI 1980/79 The Enzootic Bovine Leukosis Order 1980 SI 1980/80 The Enzootic Bovine Leukosis ( ...
2055) The Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (England) Order 2000 (S.I. 2000 No. 2056) The Local Education Authority (Post-Compulsory ... 1666) The Bovines and Bovine Products (Trade) (Amendment) (England) Regulations 2000 (S.I. 2000 No. 1667) The Dangerous ...
... should be distinguished from sporadic bovine leukosis (SBL), which occurs mainly in young animals aged ... Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is the most common economically important retroviral disease of cattle. It is induced by an ... Enzootic bovine leukosis. D WERLING, U U MÜLLER-DOBLIES AND W LANGHANS. ... Sporadic bovine leukosis is not associated with BLV and is thought to be non-contagious. Both EBL and SBL occur in southern ...
Enzootic bovine leukosis has never been recorded in Northern Ireland. Union Flag (Public Buildings). Mr. John D. Taylor :. To ... Enzootic Bovine Leukosis. Mr. Morley :. To ask the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland what is the current number of cattle ... Enzootic Bovine Leukosis. Mr. Morley :. To ask the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food what is the current number of ... of age which were confirmed as reacting positively to the test for enzootic bovine leukosis in England was three. All were from ...
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus which causes enzootic bovine leukosis in cattle. It is closely related to the human ... Only some animals later develop a B-cell leukemia called enzootic bovine leukosis. Under natural conditions the disease is ... OIE (2010). "Chapter 2.4.11 Enzootic bovine leukosis" (PDF). Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. ... "Bovine Leukosis Virus on U.S. Dairy Operations, 2007" (PDF). NAHMS Dairy 2007. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Archived (PDF) ...
Bovine leukemia virus and enzootic bovine leukosis. Vet Bull. 1992;62:287-312. ... Positive enzootic bovine leukosis serology results in calves from feeding a colostrum substitute. Vet Rec. 2010;166:88 . DOI ... Enzootic bovine leukosis. In: Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals, 6th ed. Paris: The Organisation ... This work was funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs: Maintaining the Enzootic Bovine Leukosis ...
... determine the reference interval for WBC counts in Holstein dairy cows from herds with high seroprevalence for anti-bovine ... Bovine enzootic leukosis. Adv Vet Sci 1965; 10:129-204.. 11.. Bendixen. HJ. . Bovine enzootic leukosis. . Adv Vet Sci. 1965. ; ... Bovine enzootic leukosis. Adv Vet Sci 1965; 10:129-204.. 11.. Bendixen. HJ. . Bovine enzootic leukosis. . Adv Vet Sci. 1965. ; ... Bovine enzootic leukosis. Adv Vet Sci 1965; 10:129-204.. 11.. Bendixen. HJ. . Bovine enzootic leukosis. . Adv Vet Sci. 1965. ; ...
Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a viral disease of cattle, which is sometimes referred to as leukosis, leukemia, bovine viral ... What Causes Enzootic Bovine Leukosis?. EBL is caused by a virus, which has a worldwide distribution. This virus only resides ... What causes enzootic bovine leukosis? , How is the EBL virus spread? , Clinical signs of EBL , Control or prevention of EBL ... When an animal has been diagnosed as having clinical enzootic bovine leukosis, the animal should be slaughtered or euthanized ...
28.06.2005 Suspected enzootic bovine leukosis in Switzerland*21.06.2005 BSE roundtable at the University of Minnesota*24.05. ... 26.04.2013 Gene for Bovine spinal muscular atrophy is not AFG3L2. *17.04.2013 Review on bovine uterine torsion. *16.04.2013 ... 01.12.2010 Feline papillomavirus-DNA in bovine skin. *20.11.2010 Role of bovine herpesvirus IV in infertility. *09.11.2010 ... 07.08.2003 New therapy to stop tumour metastasis found? BOVINE*03.10.2018 The myostatin gene and its relevance to livestock ...
Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL)(external link opens in a new window / tab). Cattle. Never. ... Bovine Tuberculosis (Myobacterium Bovis). Cattle and many other species. Present. Brucellosis (Brucella Abortus). Cattle. 2012 ... Numerous, eg bovine, ovine, caprine, feline, ervine and deer. Present. Transmissible Gastro-Enteritis(external link opens in a ... Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis. Cattle. Never. Contagious Epididymitis (Brucella Ovis)(external link opens in a new window ...
... of 26 June 1991 amending Directive 64/432/EEC as regards the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis and enzootic bovine leukosis ... Community trade in fresh meat and Directive 72/462/EEC on health and veterinary inspection problems upon importation of bovine ... of 11 December 1991 amending Directive 72/462/EEC on health and veterinary inspection problems upon importation of bovine, ...
infection should be termed leukosis or enzootic bovine leukosis. There may also be lymphosarcomatous conditions that do not ... Only lymphomas caused by bovine leukemia virus Bovine Leukosis Bovine leukosis is caused by an oncogenic retrovirus of cattle. ... See also Lymphoma in Dogs Lymphoma in Dogs ; see Bovine Leukosis Bovine Leukosis ; and see Feline Leukemia Virus Feline ... It is one of the sporadic bovine leukosis syndromes that is not transmissible. The term sporadic bovine leukosis is usually ...
Detection of monoclonal integration of bovine leukemia virus proviral DNA as a malignant marker in two enzootic bovine leukosis ... An epidemiological survey of bovine Babesia and Theileria parasites in cattle, buffaloes, and sheep in Egypt. Elsify Ahmed, ... Calcium ions are involved in egress of Babesia bovis merozoites from bovine erythrocytes. Mossaad Ehab, Asada Masahito, ...
... enzootic bovine leukosis, lumpy skin disease, salmonellosis, bluetongue, pneumonia and other respiratory diseases, ... During the outbreak of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) epidemic in the United Kingdom, prion diseases in several ...
9. Canada Health Accredited Herd Enzootic Bovine Leukosis Program *9.1 The disease - October 2021 ... 3.4 Testing for bovine genital campylobacteriosis and trichomonosis - June 2014. *3.5 Genotype testing for scrapie ... 9.5 Bovine semen production centres and the CHAH-EBL group - October 2021 ...
Distribution of bovine leukemia virus proviral DNA sequences in tissues of animals with enzootic bovine leukosis. ... Distribution of bovine leukemia virus proviral DNA sequences in tissues of animals with enzootic bovine leukosis ...
Enzootic Bovine Leukosis [EBL], Infectious Bovine Tracheitis [IBR], Porcine Coronavirus Diseases [PEDv, PDCoV, TGE], Porcine ... Enzootic Bovine Leukosis [EBL], Infectious Bovine Tracheitis [IBR], Porcine Coronavirus Diseases [PEDv, PDCoV, TGE], Porcine ... Enzootic Bovine Leukosis [EBL], Infectious Bovine Tracheitis [IBR], Porcine Coronavirus Diseases [PEDv, PDCoV, TGE], Porcine ... Figure 4-4: Food Animal Diagnostics Market by Infectious Disease (Bovine Viral Diarrhea [BVD], Classical Swine Fever [CSF], ...
... enzootic bovine leukosis, and neosporosis [12]. As far as India is concerned, paratuberculosis, otherwise known as Johnes ... loss caused by bovine paratuberculosis has been estimated to be higher than those for other bovine diseases such as bovine ...
Virologic examination for enzootic bovine leukosis was negative. In conjunction with the diagnosis of multicentric B-cell ... The presented report describes a case of sporadic bovine leukosis and its disease progression in an 8-week old, male cross- ... sporadic bovine leukosis was suspected. The calf died suddenly, three weeks after initial presentation. Pathohistological ... Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in feedlot cattle cases in Argentina. Ferella, Alejandra; Streitenberger, Nicolás ...
... contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, cystic hydatidosis, cysticercosis, diarrhea, enzootic bovine leukosis, enzootic pneumonia ... bovine amyloidosis, bovine besnoitiosis, bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (bpi3) infection, bovine respiratory syncytial virus ... infection, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, bovine viral diarrhea, calf enteritis, chronic endometritis, chronic wasting ... complex, gastrointestinal infections, hormone disorders, hypodermiasis, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, infectious pustular ...
Diagnostic kits - Ruminant - Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL)/Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV). Manufacture:. IDEXX ... The IDEXX Leukosis Milk Verification Ab Test detects all types of antibodies against the bovine leukosis virus (BLV) in bovine ...
Comparison Between Four Laboratory Tests for Routine Diagnosis of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis Pages 97-104 Nikolina RUSENOVA, ... Comparison of Bovine Pregnancy Associated Glycoproteins (bPAG- Serum and Milk), Bovine Pregnancy Specific Protein B (bPSP-B) ... Effect of Bovine Corpus Vitreum on Full-thickness Dermal Wound Healing: An Experimental Study in Rats Pages 33-38 Celal Şahin ... The Status of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) in Western Türkiye: Detection of Three Subtypes Pages 709-715 Abdurrahman Anil ...
Enzootic Bovine Leukosis 100% * enzootic bovine leukosis 87% * Seroepidemiologic Studies 66% * dairy herds 64% ... Seroprevalence of bovine leucosis virus in dairy herds of Arequipa. Flores, A. A. & Rivera, H. G., 1 Jan 2000, In: Revista de ... Seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis in Puerto Inca District, Huánuco. Alan Meza, C., Siever Morales, C., Miguel Ara, G., ... Seroprevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus in intensive breeding dairy cattle of the Lima valley. Renzo Aguilar, S., Alfredo ...
Enzootic Bovine Leukosis: 246. *Mast-Cell Leukemia: 70. *Experimental Leukemia: 64. *Feline Leukemia: 38 ...
Fraction of bovine leukemia virus-infected dairy cattle developing enzootic bovine leukosis │ PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE │ ... Simultaneous evaluation of diagnostic marker utility for enzootic bovine leukosis │ BMC Veterinary Research │ 63,465-468頁 (共著) ... Milk replacers and bovine spongiform encephalopathy in calves, Japan │ EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES │ 14 (3),525-526頁 (共著) ... Bovine epizootic encephalomyelitis caused by Akabane virus in southern Japan │ BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH │ 4,20 (共著) ...
The type species of DELTARETROVIRUS that causes a form of bovine lymphosarcoma (ENZOOTIC BOVINE LEUKOSIS) or persistent ... Avian leukosis virus. The type species of ALPHARETROVIRUS producing latent or manifest lymphoid leukosis in fowl.. ... Bovine ViralHIV-1Hepatitis E virusGammaherpesvirinaeLeukemia Virus, BovineSarcoma Viruses, MurineArchaeal VirusesInfluenza A ... Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral. A group of viruses in the genus PESTIVIRUS, causing diarrhea, fever, oral ulcerations, ...
BLV is associated with enzootic bovine leukosis, which is the most common neoplastic disease of cattle, and is closely related ... Regulation of host cellular gene transcription by Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) Tax, wild type and mutants. *Mariluz Arainga- ... Arainga-Ramirez, M., Takeda, E. & Aida, Y. Regulation of host cellular gene transcription by Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) Tax, ... Regulation of host cellular gene transcription by Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) Tax, wild type and mutants ...
Retroviridae and it is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis. The prevalence of BLV in three provinces in the Red ... Detection and genotyping of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) in Vietnamese cattle. Abstract Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) belongs to ...
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infects approximately half of all dairy and beef cattle in North America. Herd owners and managers ... Infection by BLV leads to the development of enzootic bovine leukosis, which can have detrimental effects on animal well-being ... Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infects approximately half of all dairy and beef cattle in North America. Herd owners and managers ... PCR testing can be used to identify the viral level of bovine leukemia virus in the herd.. ...
Many are caused by different retroviruses: bovine and feline lymphomas, avian leukosis, enzootic nasal carcinoma and pulmonary ... Others are associated to different viruses: equine sarcoid (bovine papillomavirus), papillomas (papillomaviruses), woodchuck ( ...
  • Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus which causes enzootic bovine leukosis in cattle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Only some animals later develop a B-cell leukemia called enzootic bovine leukosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bovine leukemia virus (BLV), a deltaretrovirus in the family Retroviridae , is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL). (cdc.gov)
  • Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a viral disease of cattle, which is sometimes referred to as leukosis, leukemia, bovine viral leukosis or bovine lymphosar-coma. (cattletoday.com)
  • DI-fusion Distribution of bovine leukemia virus proviral DNA sequences. (ac.be)
  • Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infects cattle, integrates into host DNA as a provirus, and induces malignant B-cell lymphoma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The bovine leukemia virus (BLV) belongs to the family Retroviridae (genus Deltaretrovirus ) and is closely related to human T-cell leukemia viruses (HTLV-1 and II) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bovine leukemia virus infection using direct filter PCR. (ichs2020.com)
  • stablishment of a novel diagnostic test for Bovine leukemia virus infection using direct filter PCR. (ichs2020.com)
  • Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a neoplastic disease of cattle caused by Bovine leukemia virus (BLV). (ichs2020.com)
  • Abstract Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) belongs to the genus, Deltaretrovirus of the family, Retroviridae and it is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis. (edu.vn)
  • PCR testing can be used to identify the viral level of bovine leukemia virus in the herd. (hoards.com)
  • Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infects approximately half of all dairy and beef cattle in North America. (hoards.com)
  • In cattle, known retroviruses are bovine leukemia virus (BLV) of the genus Deltaretrovirus , bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) of the genus Lentivirus , and bovine foamy virus (BFV) of the genus Bovispumavirus [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the root cause of EBL is due to a retrovirus, bovine leukemia virus (BLV). (americandairymen.com)
  • Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is the most common economically important retroviral disease of cattle. (anipedia.org)
  • To ask the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland what is the current number of cattle aged 30 months or under with enzootic bovine leukosis. (parliament.uk)
  • Although there are four syndromes of lymphosarcoma recognized in cattle, only the adult form is caused by a virus and is called enzootic bovine leukosis. (cattletoday.com)
  • Due to the physiology and structure of bovines, cattle health issues are also unique. (genemedi.com)
  • On an average, the economic loss caused by bovine paratuberculosis has been estimated to be higher than those for other bovine diseases such as bovine viral diarrhea, enzootic bovine leukosis, and neosporosis [12]. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • It is induced by an exogenous bovine (ruminant) retrovirus, bovine leukaemia virus (BLV). (anipedia.org)
  • Using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and bioinformatics, we discovered a new retrovirus, bovine retrovirus CH15 (BoRV CH15), in the CNS of a cow with non-suppurative encephalitis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Slaughterhouses in South Sudan mirror the economic losses resulting from organ and carcass condemnation due to livestock zoonotic and epizootic diseases such as bovine tuberculosis, cysticercosis, and hydatidosis. (unza.zm)
  • Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequent causal agent of bovine mastitis, which is largely responsible for milk production losses worldwide. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mastitis, Bovine" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (musc.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Mastitis, Bovine" by people in this website by year, and whether "Mastitis, Bovine" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (musc.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Mastitis, Bovine" by people in Profiles. (musc.edu)
  • Genemedi developed the antigen and antibody to detect the non-infectious disease such as immune dysfunction, abortion and teratology, nonbacterial diarrheic disease, Prion associated diseases (Scrapie, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, Chronical Waste Disease), winter dysentery and so on. (genemedi.com)
  • Support for compensation for compulsory slaughter of animals positive for bovine tuberculosis, bovine brucellosis, ovine and caprine brucellosis, salmonellosis, transmissible spongiform encephalopathies and enzootic bovine leukosis, as well as transmissible spongiform encephalopathy surveillance programs and support for the sanitary drains by obligatory sacrifice. (thespainjournal.com)
  • 104 Author Index INTRODUCTION The first observation of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is estimated to have occurred in Great Britain in April of 1985. (wustl.edu)
  • Bovine Tuberculosis, a disease of public health had the highest prevalence and financial losses. (unza.zm)
  • The IDEXX Leukosis Milk Verification Ab Test detects all types of antibodies against the bovine leukosis virus (BLV) in bovine tank milk. (elokarsa.com)
  • Bovine leukosis virus has a worldwide distribution, but the prevalence of infection is higher in certain regions such as eastern Europe, North and South America, Africa, and Australasia. (anipedia.org)
  • Identification of predominant SNPs as a novel method for genotyping bovine Staphylococcus aureus isolates. (musc.edu)
  • Sporadic bovine leukosis is not associated with BLV and is thought to be non-contagious. (anipedia.org)
  • Enzootic bovine leukosis should be distinguished from sporadic bovine leukosis (SBL), which occurs mainly in young animals aged between four months and two years and presents as juvenile multicentric, thymic or skin forms of the disease. (anipedia.org)
  • Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a difficult disease for farms to handle. (americandairymen.com)
  • Infection by BLV leads to the development of enzootic bovine leukosis, which can have detrimental effects on animal well-being and lead to downstream financial losses. (hoards.com)
  • Moreover, levan had no cytotoxic effects on bovine cellular lines at the biologically active concentration range, which demonstrates its potential for pathogen control. (bvsalud.org)
  • A lymphoid neoplastic disease in cattle caused by the bovine leukemia virus. (ouhsc.edu)
  • Bovine leukemia virus (BLV), which is closely related to human T-cell leukemia viruses, is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, the most common neoplastic disease of cattle. (mdpi.com)
  • Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a neoplastic disease of cattle caused by Bovine leukemia virus (BLV). (ichs2020.com)
  • Enzootic bovine leukosis may take the form of lymphosarcoma, malignant lymphoma, or leukemia but the presence of malignant cells in the blood is not a consistent finding. (ouhsc.edu)
  • Serological survey to determine the prevalence of bovine leukaemia virus antibodies in dairy cattle on selected farms in the Gauteng and Mpumalanga provinces. (nih.gov)
  • 4. Bovine leukaemia virus and enzootic bovine leukosis. (nih.gov)
  • 15. Cooperative regulation of bovine leukaemia virus gene expression by two overlapping open reading frames in the XBL region. (nih.gov)
  • within those herds, an average of 39% of cows tested were positive for leukosis. (uoguelph.ca)
  • 11. Genomic integration of bovine leukemia provirus: comparison of persistent lymphocytosis with lymph node tumor form of enzootic. (nih.gov)
  • The Cameroon bovine tunerculosis project was a Wellcome Trust funded study of the epidemiology and phylodynamics of bovine tuberculosis in cattle and their herders in Cameroon. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Bovine tuberculosis is an important infectious disease of livestock (particularly cattle), which has the potential to infect humans exposed to infected milk or meat. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Candidate genes associated with leukosis resistance were identified on chromosome 23 using a genome-wide association study. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Enzootic Bovine Leukosis" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ouhsc.edu)
  • 1. Bovine leukemia: facts and hypotheses derived from the study of an infectious cancer. (nih.gov)
  • Only some animals later develop a B-cell leukemia called enzootic bovine leukosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Enzootic Bovine Leukosis" by people in this website by year, and whether "Enzootic Bovine Leukosis" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (ouhsc.edu)

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