An erythematous eruption commonly associated with drug reactions or infection and characterized by inflammatory nodules that are usually tender, multiple, and bilateral. These nodules are located predominantly on the shins with less common occurrence on the thighs and forearms. They undergo characteristic color changes ending in temporary bruise-like areas. This condition usually subsides in 3-6 weeks without scarring or atrophy.
A chronic communicable infection which is a principal or polar form of LEPROSY. This disorder is caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE and produces diffuse granulomatous skin lesions in the form of nodules, macules, or papules. The peripheral nerves are involved symmetrically and neural sequelae occur in the advanced stage.
Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of causes.
Substances that suppress Mycobacterium leprae, ameliorate the clinical manifestations of leprosy, and/or reduce the incidence and severity of leprous reactions.
A BROWN ALGAE closely related to FUCUS. It is found attached to rocks and boulders on the middle shore, primarily in the North Atlantic basin.
A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid.
A form of LEPROSY in which there are clinical manifestations of both principal types (lepromatous and tuberculoid). The disease may shift toward one of these two polar or principal forms.
An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands.
Rare chronic inflammatory disease involving the small blood vessels. It is of unknown etiology and characterized by mucocutaneous ulceration in the mouth and genital region and uveitis with hypopyon. The neuro-ocular form may cause blindness and death. SYNOVITIS; THROMBOPHLEBITIS; gastrointestinal ulcerations; RETINAL VASCULITIS; and OPTIC ATROPHY may occur as well.
A form of LEPROSY classified by the World Health Organization for the purpose of treatment, based on clinical manifestations and skin smear results. Patients with multibacillary leprosy have six or more lesions with or without positive skin smear results for the causative agent MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. Multibacillary leprosy encompasses borderline lepromatous, midborderline, and lepromatous leprosy.
Inflammation of a serous membrane.
Loss or destruction of the epithelial lining of the UTERINE CERVIX.
An idiopathic, rapidly evolving, and severely debilitating disease occurring most commonly in association with chronic ulcerative colitis. It is characterized by the presence of boggy, purplish ulcers with undermined borders, appearing mostly on the legs. The majority of cases are in people between 40 and 60 years old. Its etiology is unknown.
Tuberculosis of the skin. It includes scrofuloderma and tuberculid, but not LUPUS VULGARIS.
A species of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria that causes LEPROSY in man. Its organisms are generally arranged in clumps, rounded masses, or in groups of bacilli side by side.
Inflammation of the tissues around a joint. (Dorland, 27th ed)
General disorders of the sclera or white of the eye. They may include anatomic, embryologic, degenerative, or pigmentation defects.
A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.
'Skin diseases' is a broad term for various conditions affecting the skin, including inflammatory disorders, infections, benign and malignant tumors, congenital abnormalities, and degenerative diseases, which can cause symptoms such as rashes, discoloration, eruptions, lesions, itching, or pain.
Multicellular marine macroalgae including some members of red (RHODOPHYTA), green (CHLOROPHYTA), and brown (PHAEOPHYTA) algae. They are widely distributed in the ocean, occurring from the tide level to considerable depths, free-floating (planktonic) or anchored to the substratum (benthic). They lack a specialized vascular system but take up fluids, nutrients, and gases directly from the water. They contain CHLOROPHYLL and are photosynthetic, but some also contain other light-absorbing pigments. Many are of economic importance as FOOD, fertilizer, AGAR, potash, or source of IODINE.
A division of predominantly marine EUKARYOTA, commonly known as brown algae, having CHROMATOPHORES containing carotenoid PIGMENTS, BIOLOGICAL. ALGINATES and phlorotannins occur widely in all major orders. They are considered the most highly evolved algae because of their well-developed multicellular organization and structural complexity.
Notification or reporting by a physician or other health care provider of the occurrence of specified contagious diseases such as tuberculosis and HIV infections to designated public health agencies. The United States system of reporting notifiable diseases evolved from the Quarantine Act of 1878, which authorized the US Public Health Service to collect morbidity data on cholera, smallpox, and yellow fever; each state in the US has its own list of notifiable diseases and depends largely on reporting by the individual health care provider. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)
Management of public health organizations or agencies.
Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.
Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.
A genus of parasitic flagellate EUKARYOTES distinguished by the presence of four anterior flagella, an undulating membrane, and a trailing flagellum.
Communicable diseases, also known as infectious diseases, are medical conditions that result from the infection, transmission, or colonization of pathogenic microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, which can be spread from one host to another through various modes of transmission.
The level of governmental organization and function below that of the national or country-wide government.
Men and women working in the provision of health services, whether as individual practitioners or employees of health institutions and programs, whether or not professionally trained, and whether or not subject to public regulation. (From A Discursive Dictionary of Health Care, 1976)
An agency of the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE concerned with the overall planning, promoting, and administering of programs pertaining to maintaining standards of quality of foods, drugs, therapeutic devices, etc.
The study of the origin, nature, properties, and actions of drugs and their effects on living organisms.
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.
The branch of pharmacology that deals directly with the effectiveness and safety of drugs in humans.
Attitudes of personnel toward their patients, other professionals, toward the medical care system, etc.
Systems developed for collecting reports from government agencies, manufacturers, hospitals, physicians, and other sources on adverse drug reactions.

Immune complexes and complement hypercatabolism in patients with leprosy. (1/128)

The occurrence of immune complexes in the serum and the level of the C3 breakdown product C3d in the plasma from patients with leprosy were studied by quantitative methods and the results were compared in various forms of the disease. These studies were performed on sixty-two samples from twenty-six patients. The serum 125I-C1q binding activity was found to be increased by more than 2 s.d., as compared to the normal values, in most of the sera from patients with erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) (80%) and uncomplicated lepromatous leprosy (82%), but also in the sera from patients with tuberculoid leprosy (58%). In vitro studies suggested that immune complexes involving mycobacterial antigens were present in leprosy sera. An increased C3d level (greater than 2s.d.) was also found in most of the plasma from patients with ENL (70%), but rarely in the plasma from patients with uncomplicated lepromatous leprosy (18%) and never in tuberculoid leprosy patients' plasma. The absence of a significant correlation between the 125I-C1q binding activity and the C3d level in leprosy patients may suggest that extravascular immune complexes are involved in the complement activation occurring in ENL. The quantitation of C3d in plasma may be of some practical interest in the early diagnosis of ENL complications of leprosy.  (+info)

Erythema nodosum: etiologic and predictive factors in a defined population. (2/128)

OBJECTIVE: To examine the frequency and features of erythema nodosum (EN), establish disease associations, and identify the optimal set of predictors for the occurrence of secondary EN. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of an unselected population of patients 14 years and older with biopsy-proven EN diagnosed at a referral hospital between 1988 and 1997. Patients were classified as having either idiopathic EN or EN secondary to other diseases if the skin nodules occurred in the context of a well-defined disease, or if there was a precipitating event in close temporal proximity to the onset of EN. RESULTS: One hundred six patients (82 women) were diagnosed as having biopsy-proven EN. At the time of diagnosis, no precipitating events or underlying diseases were identified in 36.8% of patients. Sarcoidosis and nonstreptococcal upper respiratory tract infections (URI) were the most common conditions associated with secondary EN. Only 1 of 35 patients with an initial diagnosis of idiopathic EN and a followup of at least 1 year was finally diagnosed as having secondary EN. The best predictive model of secondary EN included an abnormal results on a chest radiograph, a previous history of nonstreptococcal URI, and a significant change in antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer in 2 consecutive determinations performed in a 2-4-week interval. Also, the presence of peripheral synovitis, a positive tuberculin skin test, and a history of diarrhea suggested the presence of secondary EN. This model showed high sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSION: Idiopathic EN is common. A basic procedure including careful medical history-taking, a physical examination for peripheral synovitis, 2 consecutive ASO determinations, a tuberculin skin test, and chest radiography may be sufficient to diagnose EN.  (+info)

Erythema nodosum in Israeli children. (3/128)

BACKGROUND: Erythema nodosum, although uncommon in children, is the most frequent form of panniculitis in pediatrics. EN has been associated with various infections and chronic inflammations, and its course varies with age, gender, and racial and geographic factors. There is no information on EN in Israeli children. OBJECTIVES: To examine the clinical course of EN and the conditions with which it is associated in Israeli children. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of 24 children with a diagnosis of EN who presented at our Center over a 10 year period (1989-98). RESULTS: EN was more frequent in females than males (ratio 2:1) due to a cluster of adolescent girls. The mean duration of the skin manifestation was 18 days. The course was benign in all patients. Streptococcal infection was the most common cause (25%), followed by Epstein-Barr virus infection (18%) and inflammatory bowel disease (13%). In one-third of cases, no specific cause could be identified. Tuberculosis, an important cause of EN in the past, was not found in our patients. CONCLUSIONS: Most cases of EN in Israeli children are related to streptococcal and EBV infections or to chronic inflammatory conditions. Despite the increase in tuberculosis morbidity in Israel during recent years, we found no association of EN and tuberculosis in our study.  (+info)

T cell-monocyte contact enhances tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in response to Mycobacterium leprae. (4/128)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha has been implicated as a key factor in inflammatory processes occurring in erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). In the present study, the roles of soluble factors and contact-mediated interaction in the induction of enhanced TNF-alpha secretion in leprosy have been investigated. In vitro studies have demonstrated that Mycobacterium leprae per se is a poor stimulus for TNF-alpha production by purified monocytes obtained from normal subjects, although this could be enhanced by either exogenous interferon-gamma or cell contact with fixed activated T lymphocytes. Further investigations demonstrated that monocyte-T cell contact enhanced M. leprae-induced TNF-alpha production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of ENL patients and was modulated by blocking antibodies to CD40L, CD69, and CD18. These results suggest that physical contact with T cells isolated from patients in a particular disease state (ENL) modulates monocyte function and may contribute to the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines described in ENL.  (+info)

Concurrence of sarcoidosis and aortitis: case report and review of the literature. (5/128)

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a rare manifestation of systemic large vessel vasculitis which affects predominantly the aorta and its main branches, but often remains unrecognised owing to delayed diagnosis and non-characteristic clinical features. Sarcoidosis, too, is a systemic inflammatory disease which can affect virtually any organ system. Reports about the coincidence of both diseases have appeared. The case presented here is characterised by a significant time lag between detection of TA and appearance of clinical signs of sarcoidosis. The woman, now 39 years old, had erythema nodosum, circumscript alopecia, and recurrent uveitis, which dated back to 1980 and was attributed to sarcoidosis. At least 12 years later aortic valve insufficiency with progressive cardiac failure developed. Histology performed at the time of aortic valve prosthesis in 1997 disclosed a diagnosis of TA, which was confined to the aortic root. Incidentally, sarcoidosis was diagnosed in adjacent lymph nodes. A thorough check up failed to detect further manifestations of TA; thus, possibly, the patients had aortitis similar to, but not identical with, TA. Several related cases previously reported are discussed, suggesting that both diseases may be inherently related as they are characterised by certain non-specific, immunoinflammatory abnormalities. This case report suggests that the prevalence of TA, or related forms of arteritis, may be higher than expected and should be considered, especially in younger patients with non-characteristic cardiovascular symptoms and suspected systemic inflammatory disease. Moreover, the association with sarcoidosis in this and other previously described cases suggests that the two diseases may be related and that TA or TA-like vasculitis may even be a complication of sarcoidosis.  (+info)

Anti-inflammatory drugs block cytokine mRNA accumulation in the skin and improve the clinical condition of reactional leprosy patients. (6/128)

The aim of this study was to investigate in what ways in vivo anti-inflammatory treatment affects cytokine mRNA expression in situ in both erythema nodosum leprosum and reversal reaction patients. Serial biopsies were collected from the patients undergoing leprosy reactions before and during pentoxifylline (n = 7) or thalidomide (n = 3) treatment for erythema nodosum leprosum and prednisone (n = 3) for reversal reaction. Clinical evolution of the skin lesion was assessed during the study and semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate cytokine mRNA expression at the lesion site. Results showed expression of interferon-gamma, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12 p40, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in all patients tested at the onset of reactional episodes, but interleukin-4 mRNA was rarely detected in the lesions (n = 4). Follow-up analysis showed that, irrespective of the drugs used, tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA was diminished in 10 of the 13 patients tested. A concomitant decrease of mRNA accumulation was also observed for interferon-gamma (nine of 11 patients), interleukin-6 (nine of 11), and interleukin-12 p40 (six of eight). An inhibitory effect on interleukin-10 mRNA was likewise seen after thalidomide and pentoxifylline, but not subsequent to prednisone treatment. The data also demonstrated that cytokine mRNA inhibition correlates to the resolution of the inflammatory response in situ (n = 10), whereas the persistence/enhancement of cytokine message expression after treatment was associated with worsening of the skin condition, as seen in three erythema nodosum leprosum patients whose maintenance of local inflammation was accompanied by the appearance/persistence of interleukin-4 gene expression in situ subsequent to anti-inflammatory treatment. In summary, the participation of cytokines in leprosy inflammatory episodes seems to be directly associated with the patients' clinical evolution following therapy for reaction.  (+info)

Cardiac and great vessel thrombosis in Behcet's disease. (7/128)

Behcet's disease (BD) is a chronic relapsing systemic vasculitis in which orogenital ulceration is a prominent feature. The disease affects many systems and causes hypercoagulability. We present a 27-year-old male patient who exhibited widespread great vessel thrombosis including right atrial and ventricular thrombi in the setting of right-sided infectious endocarditis and orogenital aphthous ulcerations and erythema nodosum due to BD. We reviewed the enigmatic prothrombotic state of BD, and discuss our prior experiences in this field.  (+info)

Clinicopathologic evaluation of nodular cutaneous lesions of Behcet syndrome. (8/128)

Among the cutaneous manifestations, nodular lesions are rather common in Behcet syndrome. The histologic nature of these lesions has been a matter of controversy. To establish their distinguishing features, biopsy specimens from nodular lesions of 24 patients with Behcet syndrome, 25 with nodular vasculitis (NV), and 20 with erythema nodosum (EN) were compared. Statistical analysis revealed insignificant differences between most of the histologic features of Behced syndrome and NV. However, neutrophil-predominating infiltrate in the subcutis was more common in Behcet syndrome, while necrosis and granuloma formation were encountered more frequently in NV. The differences between Behced syndrome and EN were more significant. Septal panniculitis, lymphocyte-predominating infiltrate, absence of many vascular changes as well as vasculitis, and necrosis were features in favor of EN. Nodular lesions of Behcet syndrome are mainly neutrophilic vascular reactions with histologic features similar to NV but significantly differing from EN associated with other systemic diseases.  (+info)

Erythema nodosum is a type of inflammation that occurs in the fatty layer of the skin, causing painful, red or purple bumps (nodules) to form. It is a type of panniculitis, which refers to any condition that causes inflammation of the fatty layer of tissue beneath the skin.

Erythema nodosum is often associated with a variety of underlying conditions, such as infections (e.g., streptococcus, tuberculosis), medications (e.g., sulfa drugs, oral contraceptives), inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis), and pregnancy.

The bumps associated with erythema nodosum typically appear on the shins, ankles, knees, or other areas of the legs, although they can also occur on the arms, hands, or face. The bumps may be tender to the touch, warm, and swollen, and they may cause pain or discomfort when walking or standing for prolonged periods.

In most cases, erythema nodosum resolves on its own within a few weeks to several months, although symptoms can be managed with medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids. Treating the underlying condition is also important for resolving erythema nodosum and preventing recurrences.

Lepromatous leprosy is a type of leprosy, a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. In this form of the disease, there is a widespread and diffuse involvement of the skin, mucous membranes, and peripheral nerves. The bacteria multiply slowly and spread to the skin, upper respiratory tract, and peripheral nerves.

In lepromatous leprosy, the immune response is weak, allowing for extensive bacterial multiplication and widespread tissue damage. The skin lesions are typically numerous, pale, and have a smooth surface. Nerve involvement can lead to loss of sensation, muscle weakness, and deformities, particularly in the hands and feet.

Lepromatous leprosy is a more severe form of the disease compared to tuberculoid leprosy, which has a stronger immune response and localized skin lesions. Both forms of the disease are treatable with multidrug therapy (MDT), recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for all leprosy patients. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent disability and reduce transmission.

Erythema is a term used in medicine to describe redness of the skin, which occurs as a result of increased blood flow in the superficial capillaries. This redness can be caused by various factors such as inflammation, infection, trauma, or exposure to heat, cold, or ultraviolet radiation. In some cases, erythema may also be accompanied by other symptoms such as swelling, warmth, pain, or itching. It is a common finding in many medical conditions and can vary in severity from mild to severe.

Leprosstatic agents are substances or drugs that have a specific effect on the bacterium that causes leprosy, also known as Mycobacterium leprae. These agents are used in the treatment and prevention of leprosy, a chronic infectious disease that primarily affects the skin, peripheral nerves, and mucosal surfaces of the upper respiratory tract.

The most common leprostatic agents are antibiotics, which target the bacterial cells and inhibit their growth or kill them. The two main antibiotics used to treat leprosy are dapsone and rifampicin, which are often given in combination with other drugs such as clofazimine to prevent the development of drug-resistant strains of the bacteria.

Leprosstatic agents are usually administered orally or by injection, and the duration of treatment can vary depending on the severity of the disease and the patient's response to therapy. It is important to note that early detection and treatment of leprosy can help prevent the progression of the disease and reduce the risk of transmission to others.

"Ascophyllum" is a genus of brown algae, also known as rockweed or kelp. The most common species is Ascophyllum nodosum, which is widely distributed in the northern Atlantic Ocean. This type of seaweed is characterized by its thick, leathery fronds that are divided into broad segments and contain small air bladders that help it float.

Ascophyllum nodosum is a important species in the coastal ecosystems where it grows, providing habitat and food for many other organisms. It is also commercially harvested for use as a fertilizer, animal feed supplement, and source of alginate, a substance used in various industrial and food applications.

The name "Ascophyllum" comes from the Greek words "askos," meaning sac or bladder, and "phyllon," meaning leaf, referring to the air bladders found on the fronds.

Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin, peripheral nerves, mucosal surfaces of the upper respiratory tract, and the eyes. The disease mainly spreads through droplets from the nose and mouth of infected people.

Leprosy is characterized by granulomatous inflammation, which leads to the formation of distinctive skin lesions and nerve damage. If left untreated, it can cause progressive and permanent damage to the skin, nerves, limbs, and eyes. However, with early diagnosis and multidrug therapy (MDT), the disease can be cured, and disability can be prevented or limited.

The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies leprosy into two types based on the number of skin lesions and bacteriological index: paucibacillary (one to five lesions) and multibacillary (more than five lesions). This classification helps determine the appropriate treatment regimen.

Although leprosy is curable, it remains a public health concern in many developing countries due to its stigmatizing nature and potential for social exclusion of affected individuals.

"Borderline leprosy," also known as "borderline tuberculoid leprosy (BT)," is a type of leprosy that falls in the middle of the clinical spectrum of the disease. It has features of both tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy, but they are not well-defined. The immune response in borderline leprosy is unstable, which means that the condition can either improve or deteriorate over time.

In borderline leprosy, there are usually a few well-defined lesions with some sensory loss. The bacteria are present in the skin and nerves, but they have not yet caused extensive damage. Treatment for borderline leprosy is similar to that of other forms of leprosy, which typically involves multidrug therapy (MDT) recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).

It's important to note that leprosy is a curable disease, and early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and reduce transmission.

Sarcoidosis is a multi-system disorder characterized by the formation of granulomas (small clumps of inflammatory cells) in various organs, most commonly the lungs and lymphatic system. These granulomas can impair the function of the affected organ(s), leading to a variety of symptoms. The exact cause of sarcoidosis is unknown, but it's thought to be an overactive immune response to an unknown antigen, possibly triggered by an infection, chemical exposure, or another environmental factor.

The diagnosis of sarcoidosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies (such as chest X-rays and CT scans), and laboratory tests (including blood tests and biopsies). While there is no cure for sarcoidosis, treatment may be necessary to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Corticosteroids are often used to suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation, while other medications may be prescribed to treat specific organ involvement or symptoms. In some cases, sarcoidosis may resolve on its own without any treatment.

Behçet syndrome is a rare inflammatory disease that can cause symptoms in various parts of the body. It's characterized by recurrent mouth sores (aphthous ulcers), genital sores, and inflammation of the eyes (uveitis). The condition may also cause skin lesions, joint pain and swelling, and inflammation of the digestive tract, brain, or spinal cord.

The exact cause of Behçet syndrome is not known, but it's thought to be an autoimmune disorder, in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy cells and tissues. The condition tends to affect men more often than women and typically develops during a person's 20s or 30s.

There is no cure for Behçet syndrome, but treatments can help manage symptoms and prevent complications. Treatment options may include medications such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics to reduce inflammation, as well as pain relievers and other supportive therapies.

Multibacillary (MB) leprosy, also known as lepromatous leprosy, is a type of leprosy that is characterized by the widespread dissemination of the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae throughout the body. It is one of two major forms of leprosy, with the other being paucibacillary (PB) leprosy.

In MB leprosy, there are typically numerous skin lesions that may be widespread and often have a symmetrical distribution. The lesions can appear as nodules, plaques, or macules and can be hypopigmented or erythematous. They may also have a characteristic appearance with loss of sensation due to nerve damage.

MB leprosy is characterized by the presence of large numbers of bacilli in the skin lesions and nasal mucosa, as well as involvement of multiple nerves leading to deformities and disabilities if left untreated. The diagnosis of MB leprosy is usually made based on clinical examination, skin smears, and/or biopsy.

MB leprosy is treated with a multidrug therapy (MDT) regimen recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), which includes rifampicin, dapsone, and clofazimine for at least 12 months. Early diagnosis and treatment of MB leprosy can prevent disability and reduce transmission.

Serositis is a medical term that refers to inflammation of the serous membranes, which are thin layers of tissue that line the inner surfaces of body cavities and surround organs such as the heart, lungs, and abdomen. The serous membranes produce a lubricating fluid called serous fluid that helps reduce friction between internal organs and enables them to move smoothly against each other.

Inflammation of these membranes can result in excessive production of serous fluid, leading to the accumulation of fluid in the surrounding body cavities. This accumulation can cause symptoms such as chest pain, coughing, difficulty breathing, or abdominal swelling and discomfort.

Serositis is often associated with various medical conditions, including autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and Sjogren's syndrome. Infections, cancers, and certain medications may also cause serositis. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying condition causing the inflammation and managing symptoms with medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, or immunosuppressive agents.

Uterine cervical erosion, also known as ectropion or cervical ectopy, is not typically considered a disease or a medical condition but rather a normal variant in the appearance of the cervix. It occurs when the cells that normally line the inside of the cervical canal (glandular cells) extend out onto the surface of the exocervix, which is the portion of the cervix that is visible during a routine pelvic examination.

This extension of glandular cells can appear as a red, smooth, and shiny area on the cervix, and it may be more prone to bleeding or discomfort during intercourse or menstruation. Cervical erosion can be caused by various factors, including hormonal changes, inflammation, or irritation of the cervix.

While cervical erosion is not typically harmful, it can increase the risk of certain infections, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Therefore, it is essential to monitor and treat any underlying conditions that may contribute to cervical erosion. In some cases, cervical erosion may resolve on its own without treatment, but if it causes discomfort or bleeding, treatment options such as cryotherapy, laser therapy, or cauterization may be recommended.

Pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare, inflammatory skin condition that typically begins as a small pustule or blister, which then rapidly progresses to form painful ulcers with a characteristic violaceous (bluish-purple) undermined border. The etiology of pyoderma gangrenosum is not entirely clear, but it's often associated with an underlying systemic disease, such as inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, or hematologic disorders.

The pathophysiology of pyoderma gangrenosum involves a dysregulated immune response and neutrophil-mediated tissue damage. Diagnosis is often based on the clinical presentation and exclusion of other conditions with similar lesions. Treatment typically includes systemic immunosuppressive therapy, such as corticosteroids, cyclosporine, or biologic agents, along with local wound care to promote healing and prevent infection.

It's important to note that pyoderma gangrenosum can be a challenging condition to manage, and a multidisciplinary approach involving dermatologists, internists, and surgeons may be necessary for optimal care.

Cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB) is a rare form of tuberculosis that affects the skin. It is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, including M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, and M. africanum. CTB can occur as a primary infection after direct inoculation of the skin with the bacteria, or it can be secondary to a distant focus of infection such as lung or lymph node TB.

The clinical presentation of CTB is varied and can include papules, nodules, pustules, ulcers, plaques, or scaly lesions. The lesions may be painless or painful, and they can be associated with systemic symptoms such as fever, night sweats, and weight loss.

CTB can be diagnosed through a combination of clinical examination, skin biopsy, culture, and PCR testing. Treatment typically involves a prolonged course of multiple antibiotics, often for six to nine months or more. The most commonly used drugs are isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. Surgical excision may be necessary in some cases.

Prevention measures include early detection and treatment of pulmonary TB, BCG vaccination, and avoiding contact with people with active TB.

"Mycobacterium leprae" is a slow-growing, rod-shaped, gram-positive bacterium that is the causative agent of leprosy, a chronic infectious disease that primarily affects the skin, peripheral nerves, and mucosal surfaces of the upper respiratory tract. The bacterium was discovered in 1873 by Gerhard Armauer Hansen, a Norwegian physician, and is named after him as "Hansen's bacillus."

"Mycobacterium leprae" has a unique cell wall that contains high amounts of lipids, which makes it resistant to many common disinfectants and antibiotics. It can survive and multiply within host macrophages, allowing it to evade the immune system and establish a chronic infection.

Leprosy is a treatable disease with multidrug therapy (MDT), which combines several antibiotics such as dapsone, rifampicin, and clofazimine. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent the progression of the disease and reduce its transmission to others.

Periarthritis is not a widely recognized medical term in current use. However, it is generally understood to refer to inflammation of the tissues around a joint, including the tendons, ligaments, and surrounding muscles. It can often be mistaken for other conditions such as bursitis or arthritis.

In some contexts, "periarthritis" may be used interchangeably with "shoulder periarthritis" or "frozen shoulder," which refers to a specific condition characterized by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint due to inflammation of the surrounding tissues. However, this usage is not universally accepted, and many medical professionals prefer to use more precise terminology.

Scleral diseases refer to conditions that affect the sclera, which is the tough, white outer coating of the eye. The sclera helps to maintain the shape of the eye and provides protection for the internal structures. Scleral diseases can cause inflammation, degeneration, or thinning of the sclera, leading to potential vision loss or other complications. Some examples of scleral diseases include:

1. Scleritis: an inflammatory condition that causes pain, redness, and sensitivity in the affected area of the sclera. It can be associated with autoimmune disorders, infections, or trauma.
2. Episcleritis: a less severe form of inflammation that affects only the episclera, a thin layer of tissue overlying the sclera. Symptoms include redness and mild discomfort but typically no pain.
3. Pinguecula: a yellowish, raised deposit of protein and fat that forms on the conjunctiva, the clear membrane covering the sclera. While not a disease itself, a pinguecula can cause irritation or discomfort and may progress to a more severe condition called a pterygium.
4. Pterygium: a fleshy growth that extends from the conjunctiva onto the cornea, potentially obstructing vision. It is often associated with prolonged sun exposure and can be removed surgically if it becomes problematic.
5. Scleral thinning or melting: a rare but serious condition where the sclera degenerates or liquefies, leading to potential perforation of the eye. This can occur due to autoimmune disorders, infections, or as a complication of certain surgical procedures.
6. Ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (OHS): a condition caused by the Histoplasma capsulatum fungus, which can lead to scarring and vision loss if it involves the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision.

It is essential to consult an ophthalmologist or eye care professional if you experience any symptoms related to scleral diseases to receive proper diagnosis and treatment.

Thalidomide is a pharmaceutical drug that was initially developed and marketed as a sedative and treatment for morning sickness in pregnant women. However, it was later found to cause severe birth defects when given during pregnancy, particularly damage to the limbs, ears, and eyes of the developing fetus. As a result, thalidomide was banned in many countries in the 1960s.

In recent years, thalidomide has been reintroduced as a treatment for certain medical conditions, including multiple myeloma (a type of cancer that affects plasma cells) and leprosy. It is also being studied as a potential treatment for other diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease.

Thalidomide works by suppressing the immune system and inhibiting the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis). However, its use is tightly regulated due to its teratogenic effects, meaning it can cause birth defects if taken during pregnancy. Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant should not take thalidomide, and healthcare providers must follow strict guidelines when prescribing the drug to ensure that it is used safely and effectively.

Skin diseases, also known as dermatological conditions, refer to any medical condition that affects the skin, which is the largest organ of the human body. These diseases can affect the skin's function, appearance, or overall health. They can be caused by various factors, including genetics, infections, allergies, environmental factors, and aging.

Skin diseases can present in many different forms, such as rashes, blisters, sores, discolorations, growths, or changes in texture. Some common examples of skin diseases include acne, eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis, fungal infections, viral infections, bacterial infections, and skin cancer.

The symptoms and severity of skin diseases can vary widely depending on the specific condition and individual factors. Some skin diseases are mild and can be treated with over-the-counter medications or topical creams, while others may require more intensive treatments such as prescription medications, light therapy, or even surgery.

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any unusual or persistent changes in your skin, as some skin diseases can be serious or indicative of other underlying health conditions. A dermatologist is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but seaweed is not typically referred to in medical definitions. Seaweed is a common name for various marine macroalgae, which are multicellular aquatic plants found in the ocean. They are often consumed as food and have been used in traditional medicine in some cultures. However, there is no widely accepted medical definition for seaweed. If you're looking for information about a specific compound or substance derived from seaweed that might be relevant to medical definitions, I would be happy to help if you could provide more details.

Phaeophyta is a taxonomic division that refers to a group of complex, multicellular brown algae found in marine environments. These algae are characterized by their pigmentation, which includes fucoxanthin, chlorophyll-a, and chlorophyll-c, giving them a brown color. They have diverse morphology, ranging from simple thread-like forms to large seaweeds.

Phaeophyta species are primarily found in cold, nutrient-rich waters and play an essential role in marine ecosystems as primary producers and habitats for various marine organisms. Some examples of Phaeophyta include kelps, rockweed, and bladderwrack. It's worth noting that the classification and nomenclature of algae are continually evolving, so different sources might use slightly different terminology or categorization.

Disease notification is the process by which health care professionals, laboratories, or other relevant individuals or organizations inform public health authorities about cases of specific diseases or conditions that are reportable (also known as notifiable) within a particular jurisdiction. Reportable diseases are those that have been designated by law or regulation as posing a significant risk to public health and for which timely reporting is necessary to enable effective surveillance, control measures, and prevention strategies.

The specific diseases and conditions that must be reported, as well as the procedures for reporting, vary by jurisdiction. Common reportable diseases include infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, measles, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as well as non-infectious conditions like cancer and lead poisoning.

The purpose of disease notification is to provide public health officials with accurate and up-to-date information about the occurrence and spread of diseases in a population. This information can help inform policy decisions, guide resource allocation, and support the development and implementation of evidence-based interventions to protect and promote the health of communities.

Public Health Administration refers to the leadership, management, and coordination of public health services and initiatives at the local, state, or national level. It involves overseeing and managing the development, implementation, and evaluation of policies, programs, and services aimed at improving the health and well-being of populations. This may include addressing issues such as infectious disease control, chronic disease prevention, environmental health, emergency preparedness and response, and health promotion and education.

Public Health Administration requires a strong understanding of public health principles, leadership and management skills, and the ability to work collaboratively with a variety of stakeholders, including community members, healthcare providers, policymakers, and other organizations. The ultimate goal of Public Health Administration is to ensure that public health resources are used effectively and efficiently to improve the health outcomes of populations and reduce health disparities.

Public health is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting human health through organized efforts of society." It focuses on improving the health and well-being of entire communities, populations, and societies, rather than individual patients. This is achieved through various strategies, including education, prevention, surveillance of diseases, and promotion of healthy behaviors and environments. Public health also addresses broader determinants of health, such as access to healthcare, housing, food, and income, which have a significant impact on the overall health of populations.

Population surveillance in a public health and medical context refers to the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health-related data for a defined population over time. It aims to monitor the health status, identify emerging health threats or trends, and evaluate the impact of interventions within that population. This information is used to inform public health policy, prioritize healthcare resources, and guide disease prevention and control efforts. Population surveillance can involve various data sources, such as vital records, disease registries, surveys, and electronic health records.

Trichomonas is a genus of protozoan parasites that are commonly found in the human body, particularly in the urogenital tract. The most well-known species is Trichomonas vaginalis, which is responsible for the sexually transmitted infection known as trichomoniasis. This infection can cause various symptoms in both men and women, including vaginitis, urethritis, and pelvic inflammatory disease.

T. vaginalis is a pear-shaped flagellate protozoan that measures around 10 to 20 micrometers in length. It has four flagella at the anterior end and an undulating membrane along one side of its body, which helps it move through its environment. The parasite can attach itself to host cells using a specialized structure called an adhesion zone.

Trichomonas species are typically transmitted through sexual contact, although they can also be spread through the sharing of contaminated towels or clothing. Infection with T. vaginalis can increase the risk of acquiring other sexually transmitted infections, such as HIV and human papillomavirus (HPV).

Diagnosis of trichomoniasis typically involves the detection of T. vaginalis in a sample of vaginal or urethral discharge. Treatment usually involves the administration of antibiotics, such as metronidazole or tinidazole, which are effective at killing the parasite and curing the infection.

Communicable diseases, also known as infectious diseases, are illnesses that can be transmitted from one person to another through various modes of transmission. These modes include:

1. Direct contact: This occurs when an individual comes into physical contact with an infected person, such as touching or shaking hands, or having sexual contact.
2. Indirect contact: This happens when an individual comes into contact with contaminated objects or surfaces, like doorknobs, towels, or utensils.
3. Airborne transmission: Infectious agents can be spread through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, or sings, releasing droplets containing the pathogen into the environment. These droplets can then be inhaled by nearby individuals.
4. Droplet transmission: Similar to airborne transmission, but involving larger respiratory droplets that don't remain suspended in the air for long periods and typically travel shorter distances (usually less than 6 feet).
5. Vector-borne transmission: This occurs when an infected animal or insect, such as a mosquito or tick, transmits the disease to a human through a bite or other means.

Examples of communicable diseases include COVID-19, influenza, tuberculosis, measles, hepatitis B, and malaria. Preventive measures for communicable diseases often involve public health initiatives like vaccination programs, hygiene promotion, and vector control strategies.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "State Government" is not a medical term. It refers to the level of government in the United States that is responsible for governing each of the individual states. This includes executives (such as governors), legislative bodies (like state senates and houses of representatives), and courts.

If you have any questions related to medicine or healthcare, I'd be happy to try and help answer those for you!

"Health personnel" is a broad term that refers to individuals who are involved in maintaining, promoting, and restoring the health of populations or individuals. This can include a wide range of professionals such as:

1. Healthcare providers: These are medical doctors, nurses, midwives, dentists, pharmacists, allied health professionals (like physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, dietitians, etc.), and other healthcare workers who provide direct patient care.

2. Public health professionals: These are individuals who work in public health agencies, non-governmental organizations, or academia to promote health, prevent diseases, and protect populations from health hazards. They include epidemiologists, biostatisticians, health educators, environmental health specialists, and health services researchers.

3. Health managers and administrators: These are professionals who oversee the operations, finances, and strategic planning of healthcare organizations, such as hospitals, clinics, or public health departments. They may include hospital CEOs, medical directors, practice managers, and healthcare consultants.

4. Health support staff: This group includes various personnel who provide essential services to healthcare organizations, such as medical records technicians, billing specialists, receptionists, and maintenance workers.

5. Health researchers and academics: These are professionals involved in conducting research, teaching, and disseminating knowledge related to health sciences, medicine, public health, or healthcare management in universities, research institutions, or think tanks.

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines "health worker" as "a person who contributes to the promotion, protection, or improvement of health through prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, palliation, health promotion, and health education." This definition encompasses a wide range of professionals working in various capacities to improve health outcomes.

The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is a federal government agency responsible for protecting public health by ensuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, medical devices, our country's food supply, cosmetics, and products that emit radiation. The FDA also provides guidance on the proper use of these products, and enforces laws and regulations related to them. It is part of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).

Pharmacology is the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drugs, their actions, and their uses. It involves understanding how drugs interact with biological systems to produce desired effects, as well as any adverse or unwanted effects. This includes studying the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs (often referred to as ADME), the receptors and biochemical pathways that drugs affect, and the therapeutic benefits and risks of drug use. Pharmacologists may also be involved in the development and testing of new medications.

Drug-related side effects and adverse reactions refer to any unintended or harmful outcome that occurs during the use of a medication. These reactions can be mild or severe and may include predictable, known responses (side effects) as well as unexpected, idiosyncratic reactions (adverse effects). Side effects are typically related to the pharmacologic properties of the drug and occur at therapeutic doses, while adverse reactions may result from allergic or hypersensitivity reactions, overdoses, or interactions with other medications or substances.

Side effects are often dose-dependent and can be managed by adjusting the dose, frequency, or route of administration. Adverse reactions, on the other hand, may require discontinuation of the medication or treatment with antidotes or supportive care. It is important for healthcare providers to monitor patients closely for any signs of drug-related side effects and adverse reactions and to take appropriate action when necessary.

Clinical pharmacology is a branch of medicine that deals with the study of drugs and their interactions with living organisms. It involves understanding how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body, as well as their therapeutic effects, side effects, and toxicity. Clinical pharmacology also encompasses the design and conduct of clinical trials to evaluate the safety and efficacy of new drugs in human subjects. The ultimate goal of clinical pharmacology is to optimize drug therapy for individual patients by considering factors such as age, sex, genetics, lifestyle, and comorbidities. In summary, clinical pharmacology is the application of pharmacological principles to the practice of medicine for the benefit of patients.

The "attitude of health personnel" refers to the overall disposition, behavior, and approach that healthcare professionals exhibit towards their patients or clients. This encompasses various aspects such as:

1. Interpersonal skills: The ability to communicate effectively, listen actively, and build rapport with patients.
2. Professionalism: Adherence to ethical principles, confidentiality, and maintaining a non-judgmental attitude.
3. Compassion and empathy: Showing genuine concern for the patient's well-being and understanding their feelings and experiences.
4. Cultural sensitivity: Respecting and acknowledging the cultural backgrounds, beliefs, and values of patients.
5. Competence: Demonstrating knowledge, skills, and expertise in providing healthcare services.
6. Collaboration: Working together with other healthcare professionals to ensure comprehensive care for the patient.
7. Patient-centeredness: Focusing on the individual needs, preferences, and goals of the patient in the decision-making process.
8. Commitment to continuous learning and improvement: Staying updated with the latest developments in the field and seeking opportunities to enhance one's skills and knowledge.

A positive attitude of health personnel contributes significantly to patient satisfaction, adherence to treatment plans, and overall healthcare outcomes.

Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) Reporting Systems are spontaneous reporting systems used for monitoring the safety of authorized medicines in clinical practice. These systems collect and manage reports of suspected adverse drug reactions from healthcare professionals, patients, and pharmaceutical companies. The primary objective of ADR reporting systems is to identify new risks or previously unrecognized risks associated with the use of a medication, monitor the frequency and severity of known adverse effects, and contribute to post-marketing surveillance and pharmacovigilance activities.

Healthcare professionals, including physicians, pharmacists, and nurses, are encouraged to voluntarily report any suspected adverse drug reactions they encounter during their practice. In some countries, patients can also directly report any suspected adverse reactions they experience after taking a medication. Pharmaceutical companies are obligated to submit reports of adverse events identified through their own pharmacovigilance activities or from post-marketing surveillance studies.

The data collected through ADR reporting systems are analyzed to identify signals, which are defined as new, changing, or unknown safety concerns related to a medicine or vaccine. Signals are further investigated and evaluated for causality and clinical significance. If a signal is confirmed, regulatory actions may be taken, such as updating the product label, issuing safety communications, or restricting the use of the medication.

Examples of ADR reporting systems include the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), the European Medicines Agency's (EMA) EudraVigilance, and the World Health Organization's (WHO) Uppsala Monitoring Centre.

... lesion in a person with light skin and tuberculosis A single lesion of erythema nodosum Several lesions of ... occurs with an erythema nodosum lesion, causing the lesion to look like a contusion (bruise) Erythema nodosum migrans (also ... Less common variants of erythema nodosum include: Ulcerating forms, seen in Crohn's disease Erythema contusiforme, when a ... Gilchrist, Heidi; Patterson, James W. (2010). "Erythema nodosum and erythema induratum (nodular vasculitis): Diagnosis and ...
... is a type of erythema (skin redness) and refers to: Erythema nodosum (EN) Erythema multiforme ( ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Erythemas, Short description is different from Wikidata, ...
"Erythema Nodosum". BMJ. 2 (4382): 857-858. 1944. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4382.857. PMC 2287130. PMID 20785822. Bedford, D. E.; Muir, ... Aetiology of Erythema Nodosum 1943 James William Brown, Interauricular Septal Defect 1942 MacDonald Critchley on Survival at ...
Van Buskirk EM, Lessell S, Friedman E (March 1971). "Pigmentary epitheliopathy and erythema nodosum". Arch Ophthalmol. 85 (3): ... Patients can typically present erythema nodosum, livido reticularus, bilateral uveitis, and sudden onset of marked visual loss ...
Histologic studies on erythema nodosum leprosum. Repura 4,107,1933. Survey of leprosy patients living in towns and villages. ...
Erythema nodosum occurs in 10% of cases.[citation needed] The secondary stage most often occurs 10-30 days later, but can ...
Mosuke Murata, the designator of erythema nodosum leprosum. Kikuchi I. Lepr Rev 2009 80(1) 92-5. Diagnosis and Therapy of ... and he finally found the designator of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum, asking any visitors to his hospital. He had remained ...
Erythema nodosum-like skin lesions can affect the legs. When a skin biopsy is examined under the microscope, there can be signs ...
Yi, S. W.; Kim, E. H.; Kang, H. Y.; Kim, Y. C.; Lee, E. -S. (Aug 2007). "Erythema Nodosum: Clinicopathologic Correlations and ... Erythema causes redness of the skin, which is generally associated with inflammation and irritation. Including erythema and ... Keratolytic Winter erythema (also known as Oudtshoorn disease or Oudtshoorn skin) is a rare autosomal dominant skin disease of ... Erythema in KWE has been attributed to necrobiosis (cellular death) within the Malpighian layer (the innermost layer of the ...
Postinfective complications include reactive arthritis, erythema nodosum, iritis, and glomerulonephritis. The cause of this ...
Gilchrist, H; Patterson, JW (Jul-Aug 2010). "Erythema nodosum and erythema induratum (nodular vasculitis): diagnosis and ... Erythema nodosum is associated with infections, including Hepatitis C, EBV and tuberculosis, Crohn's disease and sarcoidosis, ... 492 Erythema nodosum is a form of panniculitis characterised by tender red nodules, 1-10 cm, associated with systemic symptoms ... "erythema induratum" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary[dead link] Cotran, Ramzi S.; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Nelso Fausto; ...
Occasional cases of erythema nodosum and erythema multiforme have been reported. Seizures may also occasionally occur. Spleen ...
Several cases occurring together with fever, polyarthralgia and erythema nodosum were documented.[citation needed] ...
... also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum ... It is specifically used for multibacillary (MB) leprosy and erythema nodosum leprosum. Evidence is insufficient to support its ...
Smith, CE (June 1940). "Epidemiology of Acute Coccidioidomycosis with Erythema Nodosum ('San Joaquin' or 'Valley Fever')". ... and erythema nodosum. A minority (3-5%) of infected individuals do not recover from the initial acute infection and develop a ...
Skin manifestations, such as erythema nodosum, are also common with Coccidioides infection. Coccidioides infection can cause a ...
His 1920 doctoral dissertation explored the relationship between erythema nodosum and tuberculosis. Schapiro completed a year- ...
It has been used in cases of erythema nodosum associated with Crohn's disease. Due to its high potassium content, SSKI is ... Potassium iodide has been used for symptomatic treatment of erythema nodosum patients for persistent lesions whose cause ... Marshall JK, Irvine EJ (September 1997). "Successful therapy of refractory erythema nodosum associated with Crohn's disease ...
Other described skin reactions include itching, urticaria, angioedema, erythema multiforme, and erythema nodosum. No cases of ...
Erythema nodosum is due to inflammation of the underlying subcutaneous tissue (panniculitis), and biopsy will display focal ... The most common type of skin manifestation, erythema nodosum, presents in up to 3% of UC patients. It develops as raised, ... September 2008). "Significance of erythema nodosum and pyoderma gangrenosum in inflammatory bowel diseases: a cohort study of ... erythema nodosum often occurs alongside intestinal disease. Thus, treatment of UC can often lead to resolution of skin nodules ...
"Granulomatous tattoo reaction and erythema nodosum in a young woman: common cause or coincidence?". J Cosmet Dermatol. 7 (2): ...
... acute erythema nodosum and chronic erythema nodosum.: 487-9 Erythema nodosum List of cutaneous conditions Panniculitis Skin ...
... erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). There was need to differentiate it from other types of erythema nodosum, which is usually seen ... Erythema nodosum leprosum is one of the most frequently used terms in the science of leprosy. It is an immune-mediated ... Mosuke Murata (村田 茂助, Murata Mosuke) was a Japanese dermatologist and was the designator of erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL)( ... William Jopling wanted to know who named this condition erythema nodosum leprosum, and asked every visitor to his Jordan ...
Erythema nodosum is far more common in men than in women and in Caucasians than in other races. In Japanese people, ... The combination of erythema nodosum, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, and joint pain is called Löfgren syndrome, which has a ... Some may have Löfgren syndrome with fever, large lymph nodes, arthritis, and a rash known as erythema nodosum. The cause of ... The cutaneous symptoms vary, and range from rashes and noduli (small bumps) to erythema nodosum, granuloma annulare, or lupus ...
... episcleritis and erythema nodosum". The symptoms can continue for around 6 weeks or even more than that. The inflammatory bowel ...
The most common lesions are erythema nodosum, plaques, maculopapular eruptions, subcutaneous nodules, and lupus pernio. ...
The skin rashes may be due to infections as well as pyoderma gangrenosum or erythema nodosum. Bowel obstruction may occur as a ...
Several other types of id reactions exist including erythema nodosum, erythema multiforme, Sweet's syndrome and urticaria. Id ... bacterial infections to erythema nodosum and herpes simplex virus to erythema multiforme. The diagnosis is frequently made by ...
TLR9 has been identified as a major player in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). Loss of ... "DNA Sensing via TLR-9 Constitutes a Major Innate Immunity Pathway Activated during Erythema Nodosum Leprosum". Journal of ...
Additionally, patients may present with erythema nodosum, cutaneous pustular vasculitis, and lesions similar to pyoderma ... erythema nodosum, acne in post-adolescents not on corticosteroids) Despite the inclusive criteria set forth by the ... erythema nodosum, and arthritis. Benzathine‐penicillin may also reduce new arthritic attacks. Thalidomide has also been used ... skin lesions such as erythema nodosum, acne, or folliculitis, ocular inflammatory findings and a pathergy reaction. ...
Erythema nodosum lesion in a person with light skin and tuberculosis A single lesion of erythema nodosum Several lesions of ... occurs with an erythema nodosum lesion, causing the lesion to look like a contusion (bruise) Erythema nodosum migrans (also ... Less common variants of erythema nodosum include: Ulcerating forms, seen in Crohns disease Erythema contusiforme, when a ... Gilchrist, Heidi; Patterson, James W. (2010). "Erythema nodosum and erythema induratum (nodular vasculitis): Diagnosis and ...
Erythema nodosum is an inflammatory disorder. It involves tender, red bumps (nodules) under the skin. ... Erythema nodosum is an inflammatory disorder. It involves tender, red bumps (nodules) under the skin. ... Erythema nodosum is most common on the front of the shins. It may also occur on other areas of the body such as buttocks, ... Erythema nodosum is uncomfortable, but not dangerous in most cases.. Symptoms most often go away within about 6 weeks, but may ...
Chronic or recurrent erythema nodosum is rare but may occur. ... Erythema nodosum (EN) is an acute, nodular, erythematous ... Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection may cause erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum leprosum clinically resembles erythema nodosum, ... Chronic or recurrent erythema nodosum is rare but may occur. Erythema nodosum is presumed to be a hypersensitivity reaction and ... In patients with erythema nodosum, the prognosis is excellent. In most patients, erythema nodosum resolves without any adverse ...
Erythema nodosum pathology, EN pathology. Authoritative facts from DermNet New Zealand. ... Histology of erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum histologically represents the prototype of a septal panniculitis. The classic ... Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis. It typically presents as tender, erythematous, subcutaneous nodules ... Special studies for erythema nodosum. None are are generally needed. Heavy neutrophilic infiltrates may prompt staining for ...
Interventions to treat erythema nodosum leprosum, a complication of leprosy. Leprosy remains a public health issue in poorer ... Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is a serious immunological complication of leprosy, causing inflammation of skin, nerves, other ... Interventions for erythema nodosum leprosum. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD006949. DOI: ... One type of reaction is erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), a serious and often chronic complication of leprosy caused by the ...
Erythema Nodosum - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment from the MSD Manuals - Medical Consumer Version. ... Symptoms of Erythema Nodosum Erythema nodosum nodules are tender and usually appear on the shins and resemble raised bumps and ... Quite often, erythema nodosum is a symptom of some other disease or is a reaction to a drug, but the cause is unknown in up to ... Erythema nodosum is a form of panniculitis Panniculitis Panniculitis is inflammation of the fat layer beneath the skin. ...
Erythema nodosum. *ICD-9-CM 695.2 is a billable medical code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis on a reimbursement claim ... Erythema, erythematous (generalized) 695.9. *. induratum (primary) (scrofulosorum) (see also Tuberculosis) 017.1. *. ...
... nerves and other organs known as erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). ENL is a severe complication of leprosy which can occur ...
Erythema nodosum with hypersensitivity reaction in tuberculosis. *There are 7 ICD-9-CM codes below 017.1 that define this ... Erythema, erythematous (generalized) 695.9. *. induratum (primary) (scrofulosorum) (see also Tuberculosis) 017.1*. ...
The Association between Erythema Nodosum (EN) and Pyoderma Gangrenosum (PG) in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). ... purpose of this study is to describe the pediatric IBD population in the ICN database with skin findings of Erythema Nodosum ( ...
Association of Sweet Syndrome and Erythema Nodosum - Ginarte, Manuel, Toribio, Jaime ... It is not yet clear whether erythema nodosum‐like lesions accompanying Sweets syndrome are true erythema nodosum or a ... confirmed erythema nodosum, all reported erythema nodosum‐like lesions which were biopsied and examined were reported as septal ... Sweets syndrome and erythema nodosum: a companionship or a spectrum? - a case report with review of the literature. ...
Erythema nodosum answers are found in the Diagnosaurus powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and ... https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/Diagnosaurus/114218/all/Erythema_nodosum. Zeiger RFR. Erythema Nodosum [ ... Zeiger, Roni F.. "Erythema Nodosum." Diagnosaurus, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill Education, 2014. Emergency Central, emergency. ... unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/Diagnosaurus/114218/all/Erythema_nodosum. Zeiger RFR. Erythema nodosum. Diagnosaurus. McGraw ...
Erythema nodosum answers are found in the Evidence-Based Medicine Guidelines powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone ... https://evidence.unboundmedicine.com/evidence/view/EBMG/456983/all/_________Erythema_nodosum______. Erythema Nodosum [Internet ... "Erythema Nodosum." Evidence-Based Medicine Guidelines, Duodecim Medical Publications Limited, 2019. Evidence Central, evidence. ... unboundmedicine.com/evidence/view/EBMG/456983/all/_________Erythema_nodosum______. Erythema nodosum. Evidence-Based Medicine ...
Erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum is a condition that forms painful lesions of bluish-red nodules which can resemble bruising ... Erythema nodosum can be treated with medicines such as oral steroids, immunosuppressants, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ...
Erythema Nodosum - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment from the MSD Manuals - Medical Consumer Version. ... Symptoms of Erythema Nodosum Erythema nodosum nodules are tender and usually appear on the shins and resemble raised bumps and ... Quite often, erythema nodosum is a symptom of some other disease or is a reaction to a drug, but the cause is unknown in up to ... Erythema nodosum is a form of panniculitis Panniculitis Panniculitis is inflammation of the fat layer beneath the skin. ...
Erythema nodosum disease progresses both internally and externally. It is possible to notice red lumps and rash in several ...
Osmosis Urticaria and erythema nodosum high-yield notes offers clear overviews with striking illustrations, tables, and ... Symptomatic management ERYTHEMA NODOSUM osms.it/erythema-nodosum PATHOLOGY & CAUSES ▪ Acute skin eruption due to inflammation in ... NOTES NOTES URTICARIA & ERYTHEMA NODOSUM GENERALLY, WHAT ARE THEY? PATHOLOGY & CAUSES ▪ Vascular reaction of the skin triggered ... This Osmosis High-Yield Note provides an overview of Urticaria and erythema nodosum essentials. All Osmosis Notes are clearly ...
Tag Archives: Erythema Nodosum. Answer: Photo Quiz #3. Posted on April 1, 2008 , Comments Off on Answer: Photo Quiz #3 ... Erythema nodosum induced by Clindamycin does not appear to be reported in the literature. This may be the first case of Cleocin ... B. Erythema Nodosum. C. Fibromyalgia. D. Histoplasmosis. E. Sarcoidosis. F. Löfgrens Syndrome. G. Scleroderma. H. Sjogrens ... Erythema nodosum (EN) is an acute, nodular, erythematous eruption primarily isolated to the lower legs. The condition is ...
Erythema Nodosum can affect anyone, but it is more commonly seen in women between the ages of 20 and 40. ... Erythema Nodosum is a skin condition that affects the subcutaneous fat layer beneath the skin. It is characterized by red, ... "erythema multiforme", "erythema nodosum", "erythema infectiosum", "erythema toxicum", and "erythema marginatum" are all skin ... Are erythema multiforme, erythema nodosum, erythema infectiosum, erythema toxicum, and erythema marginatum similar ...
Erythema nodosum Paul von der Heide Beiträge zu einer Erweiterung der Heilkunst nach geisteswissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen ...
The incidence of tuberculosis-associated erythema nodosum, from a review of several retrospective erythema nodosum studies, is ... Erythema Nodosum, Tuberculosis and the Vital Importance of Asking Ourselves "Why?". by Caroline Fife, M.D. , Apr 14, 2023 , ... My photos dont show you what erythema nodosum usually looks like, so Ive included one from this article about Tb related EN. ... The biopsy had showed erythema nodosum (EN).. I fiddled with the enlarging wound created by the biopsy for several months ( ...
Erythema nodosum. 11 (4.9). 2 (2.1). 9 (6.9). 4 (4.9). 5 (4.7). 2 (5.4). 4 (7.1). ...
Erythema nodosum. Common in acute stage. Absent. Parotid involvement. May be present. Absent. ...
Erythema nodosum or erythema multiforme rash *. Involvement of bones, joints, or skin by dissemination ... Erythema migrans. For purposes of surveillance, EM is defined as a skin lesion that typically begins as a red macule or papule ... The best clinical marker for the disease is the initial skin lesion (i.e., erythema migrans {EM}) that occurs in 60%-80% of ... Major criteria: carditis, polyarthritis, chorea, subcutaneous nodules, and erythema marginatum Minor criteria: a) previous ...
Erythema multiforme Erythema nodosum Focal nodular hyperplasia Gastrointestinal symptoms (such as abdominal pain, cramps, and ...
Open the PDF for Fine Needle Aspiration Cytologic Diagnosis of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum: A Case Report in another window ... View article titled, Fine Needle Aspiration Cytologic Diagnosis of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum: A Case Report ... Fine Needle Aspiration Cytologic Diagnosis of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum: A Case Report ...
4. Skin- chloasma or melasma which may persist when drug is discontinued; erythema multiforme; erythema nodosum; hemorrhagic ...
Skin: Chloasma or melasma that may persist when drug is discontinued; erythema multiforme; erythema nodosum; hemorrhagic ...
IL-2 - Blisters, cutaneous ulcers, desquamation, erythema, erythema nodosum, erythroderma, exacerbation of autoimmune skin ... Erythema nodosum - Echinacea, halogens, oral contraceptives (most common), penicillin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline ... Mortality rates for erythema multiforme (EM) major are significantly higher. Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) has a mortality ... Erythema multiforme (EM), including EM minor, SJS, TEN, and SJS/TEN overlap ...
  • The treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum with B.663. (nih.gov)
  • The effect of stopping dapsone treatment for two months and then restarting it in full dosage in patients with moderately severe erythema nodosum leprosum. (nih.gov)
  • Histoid leprosy with erythema nodosum leprosum]. (nih.gov)
  • Interventions for erythema nodosum leprosum. (nih.gov)
  • Rationale use of Thalidomide in erythema nodosum leprosum - A non-systematic critical analysis of published case reports. (nih.gov)
  • THALOMID is indicated for the acute treatment of the cutaneous manifestations of moderate to severe erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). (nih.gov)
  • A Case of Lepromatous Leprosy With Erythema Nodosum Leprosum. (bvsalud.org)
  • Erythema nodosum leprosum is an immunologic reaction that occurs in patients with lepromatous leprosy . (bvsalud.org)
  • Given the patient 's clinical, laboratory , and histological findings, a diagnosis of lepromatous leprosy with a type 2 erythema nodosum leprosum reaction was established. (bvsalud.org)
  • Early recognition and treatment of leprosy are crucial to preventing chronic and disabling complications , especially in instances of systemic inflammatory responses such as erythema nodosum leprosum. (bvsalud.org)
  • Background : Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL) recurrent is a serious complication of leprosy immunology, that cause the inflammation of the skin, nerves and other organs. (biomedscidirect.com)
  • In 1965, researchers first reported that thalidomide's anti-inflammatory effect could ease erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), a painful condition in leprosy patients. (the-scientist.com)
  • Interestingly, at the time Thalomid was approved only for treatment of a side effect of leprosy called erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). (foxbusiness.com)
  • Leprosum The treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) reactions (type 2 reactions) depends on the severity of symptoms. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
  • Medications associated with EN include: Omeprazole Sulfonamides Penicillins Bromides Hepatitis B vaccination Cancers associated with EN include: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) Carcinoid tumours Pancreatic cancer EN may also be due to excessive antibody production in lepromatous leprosy leading to deposition of immune complexes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Erythema nodosum and erythema induratum (nodular vasculitis): diagnosis and management. (medscape.com)
  • The first signs of erythema nodosum are often flu-like symptoms such as a fever, cough, malaise, and aching joints. (wikipedia.org)
  • Low-grade fever and unexplained exhaustion are also signs of erythema nodosum. (facty.com)
  • Additional evaluation should be performed to determine the underlying cause of erythema nodosum. (wikipedia.org)
  • In about half of cases, the exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Even though infections are the most common cause of erythema nodosum (EN), only certain microorganisms take the great interest such as streptococci in knowledge. (deu.edu.tr)
  • Erythema nodosum lesion in a person with light skin and tuberculosis A single lesion of erythema nodosum Several lesions of erythema nodosum in an individual with dark skin EN is associated with a wide variety of conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Erythema nodosum is a condition that forms painful lesions of bluish-red nodules which can resemble bruising on the skin in the shin area. (news-medical.net)
  • As some cases manifested erythema nodosum (EN)-like lesions, 14 specimens of EN were reviewed to identify features for differential diagnosis. (qxmd.com)
  • LDS may manifest as EN-like lesions. (qxmd.com)
  • After the medical provider has identified the lesions as erythema nodosum, you may discuss potential causes. (facty.com)
  • Erythema nodosum is probably a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to a variety of antigens. (wikipedia.org)
  • Erythema Nodosum is a hypersensitivity reaction causing a localized inflammatory infiltrate that. (hpathy.com)
  • Erythema nodosum (EN) is an inflammatory condition characterized by inflammation of the fat cells under the skin, resulting in tender red nodules or lumps that are usually seen on both shins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Erythema nodosum is characterised by 1-2-inch (25-51 mm) nodules (rounded lumps) below the skin surface, usually on the shins. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ESR is initially very high and falls as the nodules of erythema nodosum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Â Erythema nodosum (EN) is an inflammation of the skin fat typically presenting as reddish tender nodules on the lower legs and disappearing in few weeks. (cdc.gov)
  • Classic presentation of erythema nodosum with nodular red swellings over the shins. (medscape.com)
  • Erythema nodosum is most common on the front of the shins. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Erythema nodosum often looks like painful lumps or bruises, generally on the shins. (facty.com)
  • Significance of erythema nodosum and pyoderma gangrenosum in inflammatory bowel diseases: a cohort study of 2402 patients. (medscape.com)
  • Erythema nodosum is an inflammatory disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Sarcoid, an inflammatory condition of unknown cause that can affect almost any organ, and inflammatory bowel disease (cause also unknown) may both also be associated with erythema nodosum . (diagnose-me.com)
  • Erythema nodosum is an inflammatory reaction in the layer of fat under your skin. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Erythema nodosum can be treated with medicines such as oral steroids, immunosuppressants, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). (news-medical.net)
  • Erythema nodosum is an inflammatory disorder involving the deep dermis layer of skin and subcutaneous fat septa that underlies the skin. (glutenfreeworks.com)
  • The long-term prognosis of the condition is good because erythema nodosum does not affect the internal organs. (facty.com)
  • Infections associated with EN include: Streptococcal infection which, in children, is by far the most common precipitant Primary infection of tuberculosis Mycoplasma pneumoniae Histoplasma capsulatum Yersinia Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis Epstein-Barr virus Coccidioides immitis (Valley fever) Cat scratch disease Autoimmune disorders associated with EN include: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): about 15% of patients develop erythema nodosum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mert A, Ozaras R, Tabak F, Ozturk R. Primary tuberculosis cases presenting with erythema nodosum. (medscape.com)
  • Chlamydia, tuberculosis , and other bacterial and fungal infections may also be associated with erythema nodosum, but fungal infections involving only the skin, such as athlete's foot , are not. (diagnose-me.com)
  • Erythema nodosum is not an allergic reaction to these conditions or drugs, nor does it contain any infectious organisms such as tuberculosis bacilli or strep germs. (diagnose-me.com)
  • Our data confirm the predominance of streptococcal infections among the etiologic factors while also considering tuberculosis as a causative factor among children with EN in Turkey. (turkishjournalpediatrics.org)
  • Doctors can usually tell you have erythema nodosum by looking at the bumps on your skin. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Contact your provider if you develop symptoms of erythema nodosum. (medlineplus.gov)
  • What are the symptoms of erythema nodosum? (msdmanuals.com)
  • There are various symptoms and treatments of erythema nodosum, but always make sure to follow up with your doctor regarding the best way to treat your condition. (facty.com)
  • What Is Erythema Elevatum Diutinum? (glutenfreeworks.com)
  • Erythema elevatum diutinum is a rare leucocytoclastic vasculitis thought to be caused by an immune response that is characterized by inflammation, a rash, and scarring of small blood vessels of the skin. (glutenfreeworks.com)
  • Less common variants of erythema nodosum include: Ulcerating forms, seen in Crohn's disease Erythema contusiforme, when a subcutaneous hemorrhage (bleeding under the skin) occurs with an erythema nodosum lesion, causing the lesion to look like a contusion (bruise) Erythema nodosum migrans (also known as subacute nodular migratory panniculitis), a rare form of chronic erythema nodosum characterized by asymmetrical nodules that are mildly tender and migrate over time. (wikipedia.org)
  • Erythema nodosum is also known as subacute nodular migratory panniculitis. (facty.com)
  • EN is the most frequent clinical form of acute nodular panniculitis and it is considered an epiphenomenon relative to various infectious and non-infectious stimuli. (unicatt.it)
  • Behçet's disease Sarcoidosis Pregnancy may be associated with EN. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lipodermatosclerosis: a clinicopathologic study of 17 cases and differential diagnosis from erythema nodosum. (qxmd.com)
  • Therefore LDS should be included in the differential diagnosis of EN. (qxmd.com)
  • You may also need a biopsy to examine the affected skin and fully confirm the diagnosis of erythema nodosum. (facty.com)
  • Erythema nodosum and exudative pharyngitis are suggestive of Yersinia infection. (medscape.com)
  • If your erythema nodosum is caused by an infection, doctors will treat the infection. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In older youngsters, joint pain or a red skin lump (erythema nodosum) on the lower legs may develop after the infection itself has gone away. (healthychildren.org)
  • The association of EN with dermatophytosis of the scalp is infrequent, with only 15 cases reported in the Literature. (unicatt.it)
  • The real significance of erythema nodosum lies in the possibility of a serious underlying disease. (diagnose-me.com)
  • Finally, all kinds of infections, ranging from the common, such as strep throat, to the uncommon, such as coccidioidomycosis (a fungal disease mostly seen in the southwestern U.S.), may be associated with erythema nodosum. (diagnose-me.com)
  • Known causes of EN include infections, drugs, and other general diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • Our aim was to examine the frequency and type of infections in EN, to determine the characteristics of patients with an infectious etiology, and to discuss the role of these microbes in EN pathology in the context of their interactions with humans. (deu.edu.tr)
  • Firstly, transient conditions such as vasculitis, post-vaccinal arthritis or erythema nodosum might be due to the deposition of immune complexes containing viral antigen and anti-hepatitis B antibodies, as seen in some hepatitis B infections, or to hypersensitivity to components of the vaccine like thimesoral or yeast proteins. (bmj.com)
  • Erythema nodosum usually presents as reddish, painful, tender lumps about the size of a dime or quarter, situated on the front of the legs, below the knees. (facty.com)
  • How Common is Erythema Nodosum? (facty.com)
  • Erythema nodosum is not a common disease. (facty.com)
  • We will discuss the common causes of erythema nodosum. (afaig.com)
  • Sullivan R, Clowers-Webb H, Davis MD. Erythema nodosum: a presenting sign of acute myelogenous leukemia. (medscape.com)
  • Differentiating the acute LDS from the early EN is more difficult. (qxmd.com)
  • Wilk M, Zelger BG, Hayani K, Zelger B. Erythema Nodosum, Early Stage-A Subcutaneous Variant of Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis? (medscape.com)
  • Erythema annulare centrifugum (EAC) is a skin condition that causes red spots to form on the feet. (afaig.com)
  • Erythema nodosum (EN), which is a rare skin manifestation among children, is precipitated by a range of infectious and non-infectious diseases. (turkishjournalpediatrics.org)
  • Fever and erythema nodosum]. (nih.gov)
  • Erythema nodosum is a fairly uncommon, but distinctive, clinical syndrome. (diagnose-me.com)
  • The cause of this EN cluster could not be found despite an extensive search for known causative agents based on patient interviews, clinical presentation, laboratory tests (serology) and chest radiographs. (cdc.gov)
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology, etiology, clinical manifestations and course of EN among children. (turkishjournalpediatrics.org)
  • Sometimes, erythema nodosum may occur during pregnancy. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Even though erythema nodosum can occur at any age, it is prevalent in people between the ages of 20 and 30 years. (facty.com)
  • What is the Outlook for People with Erythema Nodosum? (facty.com)
  • Is Erythema Nodosum Connected to Pregnancy? (facty.com)
  • There is an association with the HLA-B27 histocompatibility antigen, which is present in 65% of patients with erythema nodosum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Erythema nodosum and Sweet's syndrome in patients with glandular tularemia. (nih.gov)
  • Twenty-five patients from a rural community in New Mexico were diagnosed with EN during the winter 2007âˆ'2008. (cdc.gov)
  • Charts of 81 patients with EN who were seen between 2003 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. (deu.edu.tr)
  • Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey Cengiz AB, Kara A, Kanra G, Seçmeer G, Ceyhan M. Erythema nodosum in childhood: evaluation of ten patients. (turkishjournalpediatrics.org)
  • A total of 10 patients diagnosed with EN between January 2000 and March 2004 at Hacettepe University İhsan Doğramacı Children's Hospital, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Outpatient Clinic, were studied retrospectively. (turkishjournalpediatrics.org)
  • Compression stockings as an effective treatment for erythema nodosum: Case series. (medscape.com)
  • Since the erythema itself is not dangerous and heals without treatment, doctors will spend most of their time and effort trying to rule out an underlying cause. (diagnose-me.com)
  • Drugs that can cause erythema nodosum include penicillin (in all its forms), sulfa drugs, and oral contraceptives. (diagnose-me.com)
  • Many people suffer from this condition, which is known as erythema nodosum. (afaig.com)
  • Erythema nodosum (EN) was confirmed by histological examination of a nodule and then we combined therapy with 1 mg Kg(-1) day(-1) of prednisone. (unicatt.it)