The deposition of flaky, translucent fibrillar material most conspicuous on the anterior lens capsule and pupillary margin but also in both surfaces of the iris, the zonules, trabecular meshwork, ciliary body, corneal endothelium, and orbital blood vessels. It sometimes forms a membrane on the anterior iris surface. Exfoliation refers to the shedding of pigment by the iris. (Newell, Ophthalmology, 7th ed, p380)
'Lens diseases' is a broad term referring to various pathological conditions affecting the lens of the eye, including cataracts, subluxation, and dislocation, which can lead to visual impairment or blindness if not managed promptly.
A class of enzymes that catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions of amino acids.
A republic in eastern Africa, on the Gulf of Aden at the entrance to the Red Sea. Djibouti is also the name of its capital.
Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris.
Diseases, dysfunctions, or disorders of or located in the iris.
Physiologic loss of the primary dentition. (Zwemer, Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
The most anterior portion of the uveal layer, separating the anterior chamber from the posterior. It consists of two layers - the stroma and the pigmented epithelium. Color of the iris depends on the amount of melanin in the stroma on reflection from the pigmented epithelium.
A characteristic symptom complex.
The space in the eye, filled with aqueous humor, bounded anteriorly by the cornea and a small portion of the sclera and posteriorly by a small portion of the ciliary body, the iris, and that part of the crystalline lens which presents through the pupil. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed, p109)
The pressure of the fluids in the eye.
Coloration or discoloration of a part by a pigment.
The genetic constitution of individuals with respect to one member of a pair of allelic genes, or sets of genes that are closely linked and tend to be inherited together such as those of the MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX.
A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.
Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.
The proportion of one particular in the total of all ALLELES for one genetic locus in a breeding POPULATION.
Dermatologic disorders attendant upon non-dermatologic disease or injury.
Protein exotoxins from Staphylococcus aureus, phage type II, which cause epidermal necrolysis. They are proteins with a molecular weight of 26,000 to 32,000. They cause a condition variously called scaled skin, Lyell or Ritter syndrome, epidermal exfoliative disease, toxic epidermal necrolysis, etc.
Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.
The thin noncellular outer covering of the CRYSTALLINE LENS composed mainly of COLLAGEN TYPE IV and GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS. It is secreted by the embryonic anterior and posterior epithelium. The embryonic posterior epithelium later disappears.
Oligosaccharide antigenic determinants found principally on NK cells and T-cells. Their role in the immune response is poorly understood.
The teeth of the first dentition, which are shed and replaced by the permanent teeth.
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
Scandinavia, in a medical context, often refers to a geographical region consisting of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, where shared cultural, linguistic, and historical ties can influence the delivery, organization, and research of healthcare systems.
Proteins that form the core of amyloid fibrils. For example, the core of amyloid A is formed from amyloid A protein, also known as serum amyloid A protein or SAA protein.

Loss of heterozygosity in pseudoexfoliation syndrome. (1/182)

PURPOSE: Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome is characterized by the accumulation of a material of unknown origin in the anterior structures of the eye. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in a genetic locus indicates the presence of a gene located in the same region that could be implicated in the development or the progression of a disease. In this study, the occurrence of LOH in tissues involved in PEX and the possible correlation of LOH incidence with clinical parameters were evaluated. METHODS: Twelve iris specimens, 12 anterior capsule specimens, and respective blood samples were obtained from 17 patients with PEX (13 men), who were undergoing glaucoma and cataract surgery. Sixteen anterior capsule specimens and four iris specimens were obtained from 16 patients without PEX. Polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify 10 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers located on chromosomes 1, 7, 9, and 13. RESULTS: Overall, 83.3% (20/24) of PEX specimens and 94.11% (16/17) of patients with PEX had LOH. The highest incidence of LOH was observed in marker D13S175 (41.6%) followed by D7S478 and D7S479 (37.5%). Only three non-PEX specimens displayed LOH. The number of loci lost was directly related to the altitude of the patients' present residence, but the number lost did not differ significantly between the iris and capsule samples. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of LOH in tissues involved in PEX implies a genetic role in PEX pathogenesis at a cellu lar level. The correlation of LOH incidence with the altitude of the patient's residence, could indicate an increased susceptibility to UV radiation of the chromosomal regions examined.  (+info)

Combined exfoliation and pigment dispersion: an overlap syndrome. (2/182)

PURPOSE: To describe a series of patients with combined pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS) and exfoliation syndrome (XFS) and to introduce a concept, the overlap syndrome, to aid in assessing multiple risk factors for glaucomatous damage. METHODS: A retrospective review of the records of all patients on our database who carried a diagnosis of both PDS/pigmentary glaucoma (PG) and XFS/exfoliative glaucoma (XFG). RESULTS: We identified 26 patients as having both XFS/XFG and PDS/PG. The average age was 64.3 +/- 9.8 years and 19 of 26 were men. All patients had bilateral PDS/PG. Bilateral XFS/XFG was present in 9 of 26 patients, and of the 17 patients with unilateral involvement, the left eye was affected in 13. CONCLUSION: Both XFS and PDS are common. Middle-aged patients with known PDS/PG should be suspected of having the onset of XFS if 1 eye escapes intraocular pressure control. Patients presenting with unilateral XFG may also have signs of PDS/PG, often remitted. We define an overlap syndrome as the appearance of a new co-morbidity for glaucomatous damage in a patient with a pre-existing risk factor, which then changes the course, and prognosis of the disease. This concept should be particularly useful in dealing with secondary and normal-tension glaucoma.  (+info)

mRNA in situ hybridization of TIGR/MYOC in human trabecular meshwork. (3/182)

PURPOSE: To determine the distribution of mRNA expression of the trabecular meshwork-induced glucocorticoid response protein/myocilin (TIGR/MYOC) in human trabecular meshwork. METHODS: In situ hybridization using a 1.25-kb probe obtained from reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of TIGR/MYOC cDNA was performed to determine the location of cell labeling within the different regions of the meshwork. The effect of dexamethasone on the pattern of labeling was studied in organ cultured meshwork. Trabecular meshwork from three sources was studied: enucleated eyes obtained at autopsy, trabeculectomy specimens obtained during filtration surgery, and meshworks from anterior segments in perfusion organ culture. Hybridization was performed on frozen sections, paraffin sections, and sections from JB-4 plastic-embedded tissue. RESULTS: Labeling for TIGR/MYOC mRNA was present in most trabecular cells of the uveal, corneoscleral, and juxtacanalicular regions but only variably present in the endothelial cells of Schlemm's canal. A similar pattern was found in the trabeculectomy specimens from eyes with primary open-angle or pseudoexfoliative glaucoma. Dexamethasone treatment increased the labeling intensity and number of labeled cells in meshwork, and also the number of labeled endothelial cells of Schlemm's canal. Fresh tissue processed within 12 hours postmortem gave more consistent labeling than older tissue, although some label was found up to 48 hours postmortem. Labeling was found in tissue from all three sources, and with all three embedding techniques; JB-4 sections provided the best morphologic resolution. CONCLUSIONS: In situ hybridization reveals that mRNA expression for TIGR/MYOC is present in most cells in all regions of the meshwork but only variably present in the endothelial cells of Schlemm's canal. Dexamethasone treatment increased the number and intensity of labeled cells, and also increased the number of labeled cells in the endothelial lining of Schlemm's canal.  (+info)

Combined pars plana lensectomy-vitrectomy with open-loop flexible anterior chamber intraocular lens (AC IOL) implantation for subluxated lenses. (4/182)

OBJECTIVES: To review our experience with combined pars plana lensectomy-vitrectomy and open-loop flexible anterior chamber intraocular lens (AC IOL) implantation for managing subluxated crystalline lenses. METHODS: Retrospective review of 36 consecutive eyes (28 patients), all of which had subluxated crystalline lenses, managed by pars plana lensectomy-vitrectomy with insertion of an open-loop flexible AC IOL. The study was performed at the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, over an 8-year period. RESULTS: An average preoperative visual acuity of 20/163 (range, 20/25 to hand motions) improved to 20/36 (range, 20/20 to 4/200) with surgery after a mean follow-up of 14 months (range, 1 to 59 months) (P < .001, Student's paired t test). Final visual acuity of 20/40 or better was achieved in 75% of eyes (27/36). Complications included cystoid macular edema (8% [3/36]), pupillary block (6% [2/36]), retinal detachment (3% [1/36]), hyphema (3% [1/36]), wound leak (3% [1/36]), and transient vitreous hemorrhage (3% [1/36]). No persistent ocular hypertension was seen, nor did angle abnormalities or corneal decompensation develop. CONCLUSIONS: Pars plana lensectomy-vitrectomy with AC IOL implantation appears to be an excellent technique for managing subluxated crystalline lenses. It is associated with a significant improvement in visual acuity (P < .001) and avoids many of the complications seen with extraction of a subluxated lens through a limbal wound. Additionally, use of an AC IOL offers a simplified alternative to placement of a ciliary sulcus sutured posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL).  (+info)

Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy of the optic nerve head in exfoliation glaucoma and ocular hypertension with exfoliation syndrome. (5/182)

AIMS: To study the relation between optic nerve head topography (Heidelberg retina tomograph, HRT) and disc area, visual field index mean defect (MD), and intraocular pressure (IOP), and to see whether change in HRT parameters is associated with change in MD in a prospective follow up. METHODS: 80 consecutive patients (69 patients with exfoliation glaucoma and 11 with ocular hypertension combined with exfoliation syndrome) were examined before IOP reducing intervention and prospectively followed every 6 months for 2 years. RESULTS: At the entry point, multiple regression analysis showed significant linear association between MD and all HRT parameters, when controlling for disc area. Disc area showed significant association with cup area, cup/disc area ratio, rim area, cup volume, and mean RNFL thickness. Six months after intervention IOP had decreased significantly. Reversible changes in cup area, cup/disc area ratio, rim area, cup volume, rim volume, mean cup depth, and maximum cup depth were associated with decrease in IOP. During the follow up period from 6 month to 2 years, IOP did not change significantly, and MD was used as a measure of progression of glaucoma. During this period, only cup shape measure among HRT parameters showed significant association with subsequent change in MD. CONCLUSION: Disc area should be taken into account when using HRT to compare patients. Any effect of change in IOP should be also taken into account when using HRT in follow up. Cup shape measure is a promising indicator of progression of glaucomatous damage.  (+info)

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome in Icelandic families. (6/182)

AIM: To examine the distribution and clinical ophthalmic characteristics of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (pseudoexfoliation) and glaucoma in Icelandic families. METHODS: Icelandic families containing three or more members aged 70 or older with at least one member with pseudoexfoliation were identified. All family members over age 45 were invited to participate. Visual acuity, Goldmann applanation tonometry, gonioscopy, slit lamp examination before and after dilatation, and dilated fundus examination were performed on all available family members. Pertinent data were obtained from medical records, including ophthalmic history and a medical history of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, systemic hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Participants were classified according to affected status for pseudoexfoliation, glaucoma, and age related macular degeneration. RESULTS: Six families were identified who met the criteria for entry into the study. Of 94 family members who were invited to participate 82 were enrolled (87%). Of these 25 (30%) had pseudoexfoliation syndrome, 51 (62%) were unaffected, and six (7%) were suspects. At least one individual with pseudoexfoliation was identified in the second generation of every family. A parent with pseudoexfoliation was identified in all cases either by examination (4/6) or a review of ophthalmic records (2/6). In all cases the mother was the affected parent. The prevalence of glaucoma was significantly greater in the group with pseudoexfoliation (p <0.0001). Although the presence of age related macular degeneration (ARMD) was highly associated with the presence of pseudoexfoliation, the significance was lost after correction for age (p = 0.69). Although the sample size was small, no association between pseudoexfoliation affected status and cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, systemic hypertension, or diabetes mellitus was found. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple Icelandic families with pseudoexfoliation in two generations were identified. In all cases where determination was possible, transmission to the second generation was through an affected parent. In each case the affected parent was the mother. Pseudoexfoliation was strongly associated with the presence of glaucoma, but was not associated with either ARMD or systemic disease in this study. These data clearly indicate that pseudoexfoliation is a familial condition and although not conclusive, supports the hypothesis that pseudoexfoliation syndrome is genetically inherited.  (+info)

DNA sequence variants in the tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1) gene are not associated with human pigmentary glaucoma. (7/182)

PURPOSE: Pigmentary glaucoma is a common form of glaucoma affecting young adults. Previous studies have suggested that multiple factors, including multiple genetic factors, may be responsible for this condition. Recently, a form of glaucoma associated with pigment dispersion and iris atrophy was identified in the DBA/2J mouse. Abnormalities in the mouse Tyrp1 gene contribute to this condition. The purpose of this study was to determine if DNA sequence variants in the human TYRP1 gene are associated with pigmentary glaucoma in humans. METHODS: The protein coding regions and intron/exon boundaries of the human TYRP1 gene were sequenced using genomic DNA samples from probands from pedigrees affected by pigment dispersion syndrome and pigmentary glaucoma. RESULTS: Three novel synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found in two affected individuals. However, these polymorphisms did not define a haplotype that segregated with the disease in the families. DNA sequence variants that altered the amino acid sequence of TYRP1 were not found. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the phenotypic similarity between the glaucoma in the DBA/2J mouse and human pigmentary glaucoma, the results of this study suggest that DNA sequence variants in the human TYRP1 gene are not associated with inherited pigmentary glaucoma in humans.  (+info)

Pseudoexfoliation and sensorineural hearing loss. (8/182)

AIMS: There is increasing evidence that pseudoexfoliation (PXF) not only affects ocular anterior segment structures, but may also be a systemic disease. This study was undertaken to assess the relationship between PXF and sensorineural hearing loss. METHODS: Patients with PXF were identified from hospital records and underwent complete ocular examination. The sum of pure-tone hearing thresholds measured at 1, 2 and 3 kHz (HTL1,2,3) in each ear was compared with the ISO 7029 standard sex-matched, median age-associated hearing loss summed over the same frequencies (AAHL1,2,3). The proportion of ears with thresholds higher than the ISO 7029 median AAHL1,2,3 on the same side as eyes without PXF was compared with the proportion of ears ipsilateral to eyes with PXF but without glaucoma and similarly the proportion of ears on the same side as eyes with PXF and glaucoma. RESULTS: In total, 69 patients were studied, of whom 39 were male (56.5%). The mean age of the male patients was 75.8 years, while that of the female group was 75.1 years. All patients had PXF affecting at least one eye. Overall 101 ears (73.7%) had a higher HTL1,2,3 than the ISO 7029 median AAHL1,2,3 which included 56 ears of 78 in the male group (71.8%) and 45 ears of 59 in the female group (76.3%). There was no significant difference between the proportion of ears with HTL1,2,3 higher than the ISO 7029 median AAHL1,2,3 on the same side as eyes without PXF, with PXF but not glaucoma and with PXF and glaucoma, in either the male or female groups. CONCLUSIONS: A large proportion of patients with PXF have sensorineural hearing loss in comparison to age-matched controls, regardless of whether or not there is associated glaucoma. This finding supports the theory that PXF may be a systemic condition.  (+info)

Exfoliation syndrome is a medical condition that affects the eyes. It is characterized by the progressive loss of the tissue that covers and protects the front part of the eye, called the cornea and the iris. This tissue is called the extracellular matrix, which is produced and maintained by the cells called fibroblasts. In exfoliation syndrome, these fibroblasts produce an abnormal protein that clumps together and forms white flakes that can be seen on the front surface of the eye. These flakes are made up of fibrillar extracellular matrix material, which is thought to come from the breakdown of the normal extracellular matrix. Over time, these flakes can build up and cause damage to the eye, leading to a variety of complications such as increased intraocular pressure, glaucoma, cataracts, and corneal endothelial decompensation.

Exfoliation syndrome is typically a bilateral disease, meaning that it affects both eyes, although one eye may be more severely affected than the other. It is also associated with an increased risk of developing glaucoma, which can lead to optic nerve damage and vision loss if left untreated. The exact cause of exfoliation syndrome is not fully understood, but it is thought to have a genetic component, as it has been found to cluster in families. Additionally, there are environmental factors that may increase the risk of developing exfoliation syndrome such as UV exposure, smoking and certain medications.

It's important to note that Exfoliation Syndrome can be asymptomatic at early stages, but regular eye examinations with an ophthalmologist is recommended for people over 40 years old or those who have a family history of the condition. Early detection and management of exfoliation syndrome can help prevent or slow down the progression of complications associated with it.

Lens diseases refer to conditions that affect the lens of the eye, which is a transparent structure located behind the iris and pupil. The main function of the lens is to focus light onto the retina, enabling clear vision. Here are some examples of lens diseases:

1. Cataract: A cataract is a clouding of the lens that affects vision. It is a common age-related condition, but can also be caused by injury, disease, or medication.
2. Presbyopia: This is not strictly a "disease," but rather an age-related change in the lens that causes difficulty focusing on close objects. It typically becomes noticeable in people over the age of 40.
3. Lens dislocation: This occurs when the lens slips out of its normal position, usually due to trauma or a genetic disorder. It can cause vision problems and may require surgical intervention.
4. Lens opacity: This refers to any clouding or opacification of the lens that is not severe enough to be considered a cataract. It can cause visual symptoms such as glare or blurred vision.
5. Anterior subcapsular cataract: This is a type of cataract that forms in the front part of the lens, often as a result of injury or inflammation. It can cause significant visual impairment.
6. Posterior subcapsular cataract: This is another type of cataract that forms at the back of the lens, often as a result of diabetes or certain medications. It can also cause significant visual impairment.

Overall, lens diseases can have a significant impact on vision and quality of life, and may require medical intervention to manage or treat.

Amino acid oxidoreductases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the reversible oxidation and reduction reactions involving amino acids. They play a crucial role in the metabolism of amino acids by catalyzing the interconversion of L-amino acids to their corresponding α-keto acids, while simultaneously reducing a cofactor such as NAD(P)+ or FAD.

The reaction catalyzed by these enzymes can be represented as follows:

L-amino acid + H2O + Coenzyme (Oxidized) → α-keto acid + NH3 + Coenzyme (Reduced)

Amino acid oxidoreductases are classified into two main types based on their cofactor requirements and reaction mechanisms. The first type uses FAD as a cofactor and is called amino acid flavoprotein oxidoreductases. These enzymes typically catalyze the oxidative deamination of L-amino acids to form α-keto acids, ammonia, and reduced FAD. The second type uses pyridine nucleotides (NAD(P)+) as cofactors and is called amino acid pyridine nucleotide-dependent oxidoreductases. These enzymes catalyze the reversible interconversion of L-amino acids to their corresponding α-keto acids, while simultaneously reducing or oxidizing NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+.

Amino acid oxidoreductases are widely distributed in nature and play important roles in various biological processes, including amino acid catabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites. Dysregulation of these enzymes has been implicated in several diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. Therefore, understanding the structure, function, and regulation of amino acid oxidoreductases is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies to treat these diseases.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Djibouti" is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It does not have a medical definition. If you have any questions about Djibouti's geography, culture, or history, I would be happy to try to help answer them! However, if you have a question about a medical term or concept, please let me know and I will do my best to provide a helpful and accurate response.

Open-angle glaucoma is a chronic, progressive type of glaucoma characterized by the gradual loss of optic nerve fibers and resulting in visual field defects. It is called "open-angle" because the angle where the iris meets the cornea (trabecular meshwork) appears to be normal and open on examination. The exact cause of this condition is not fully understood, but it is associated with increased resistance to the outflow of aqueous humor within the trabecular meshwork, leading to an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP). This elevated IOP can cause damage to the optic nerve and result in vision loss.

The onset of open-angle glaucoma is often asymptomatic, making regular comprehensive eye examinations crucial for early detection and management. Treatment typically involves lowering IOP using medications, laser therapy, or surgery to prevent further optic nerve damage and preserve vision.

Iris diseases refer to a variety of conditions that affect the iris, which is the colored part of the eye that regulates the amount of light reaching the retina by adjusting the size of the pupil. Some common iris diseases include:

1. Iritis: This is an inflammation of the iris and the adjacent tissues in the eye. It can cause pain, redness, photophobia (sensitivity to light), and blurred vision.
2. Aniridia: A congenital condition characterized by the absence or underdevelopment of the iris. This can lead to decreased visual acuity, sensitivity to light, and an increased risk of glaucoma.
3. Iris cysts: These are fluid-filled sacs that form on the iris. They are usually benign but can cause vision problems if they grow too large or interfere with the function of the eye.
4. Iris melanoma: A rare type of eye cancer that develops in the pigmented cells of the iris. It can cause symptoms such as blurred vision, floaters, and changes in the appearance of the iris.
5. Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome (ICE): A group of rare eye conditions that affect the cornea and the iris. They are characterized by the growth of abnormal tissue on the back surface of the cornea and can lead to vision loss.

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of iris diseases, as early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications and preserve your vision.

Tooth exfoliation is not a term that is commonly used in dental or medical literature. However, I believe you may be referring to the natural process of tooth loss that occurs with the shedding of primary (baby) teeth to make way for permanent (adult) teeth. This process is also known as physical or physiological tooth exfoliation.

Exfoliation in this context refers to the separation and shedding of the primary tooth's root from the underlying permanent tooth, allowing the permanent tooth to erupt into its proper position. The primary tooth becomes loose due to the resorption of its roots by the developing permanent tooth beneath it. Eventually, the primary tooth falls out, making room for the adult tooth to emerge and take its place in the dental arch.

It is essential to maintain good oral hygiene during this process to prevent any potential complications such as infection or premature loss of primary teeth.

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often caused by an abnormally high pressure in the eye (intraocular pressure). This damage can lead to permanent vision loss or even blindness if left untreated. The most common type is open-angle glaucoma, which has no warning signs and progresses slowly. Angle-closure glaucoma, on the other hand, can cause sudden eye pain, redness, nausea, and vomiting, as well as rapid vision loss. Other less common types of glaucoma also exist. While there is no cure for glaucoma, early detection and treatment can help slow or prevent further vision loss.

In medical terms, the iris refers to the colored portion of the eye that surrounds the pupil. It is a circular structure composed of thin, contractile muscle fibers (radial and circumferential) arranged in a regular pattern. These muscles are controlled by the autonomic nervous system and can adjust the size of the pupil in response to changes in light intensity or emotional arousal. By constricting or dilating the iris, the amount of light entering the eye can be regulated, which helps maintain optimal visual acuity under various lighting conditions.

The color of the iris is determined by the concentration and distribution of melanin pigments within the iris stroma. The iris also contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue that support its structure and function. Anatomically, the iris is continuous with the ciliary body and the choroid, forming part of the uveal tract in the eye.

A syndrome, in medical terms, is a set of symptoms that collectively indicate or characterize a disease, disorder, or underlying pathological process. It's essentially a collection of signs and/or symptoms that frequently occur together and can suggest a particular cause or condition, even though the exact physiological mechanisms might not be fully understood.

For example, Down syndrome is characterized by specific physical features, cognitive delays, and other developmental issues resulting from an extra copy of chromosome 21. Similarly, metabolic syndromes like diabetes mellitus type 2 involve a group of risk factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels that collectively increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.

It's important to note that a syndrome is not a specific diagnosis; rather, it's a pattern of symptoms that can help guide further diagnostic evaluation and management.

The anterior chamber is the front portion of the eye, located between the cornea (the clear front "window" of the eye) and the iris (the colored part of the eye). It is filled with a clear fluid called aqueous humor that provides nutrients to the structures inside the eye and helps maintain its shape. The anterior chamber plays an important role in maintaining the overall health and function of the eye.

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the fluid pressure within the eye, specifically within the anterior chamber, which is the space between the cornea and the iris. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). The aqueous humor, a clear fluid that fills the anterior chamber, is constantly produced and drained, maintaining a balance that determines the IOP. Normal IOP ranges from 10-21 mmHg, with average values around 15-16 mmHg. Elevated IOP is a key risk factor for glaucoma, a group of eye conditions that can lead to optic nerve damage and vision loss if not treated promptly and effectively. Regular monitoring of IOP is essential in diagnosing and managing glaucoma and other ocular health issues.

Pigmentation, in a medical context, refers to the coloring of the skin, hair, or eyes due to the presence of pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. These cells produce a pigment called melanin, which determines the color of our skin, hair, and eyes.

There are two main types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin. Eumelanin is responsible for brown or black coloration, while pheomelanin produces a red or yellow hue. The amount and type of melanin produced by melanocytes can vary from person to person, leading to differences in skin color and hair color.

Changes in pigmentation can occur due to various factors such as genetics, exposure to sunlight, hormonal changes, inflammation, or certain medical conditions. For example, hyperpigmentation refers to an excess production of melanin that results in darkened patches on the skin, while hypopigmentation is a condition where there is a decreased production of melanin leading to lighter or white patches on the skin.

A haplotype is a group of genes or DNA sequences that are inherited together from a single parent. It refers to a combination of alleles (variant forms of a gene) that are located on the same chromosome and are usually transmitted as a unit. Haplotypes can be useful in tracing genetic ancestry, understanding the genetic basis of diseases, and developing personalized medical treatments.

In population genetics, haplotypes are often used to study patterns of genetic variation within and between populations. By comparing haplotype frequencies across populations, researchers can infer historical events such as migrations, population expansions, and bottlenecks. Additionally, haplotypes can provide information about the evolutionary history of genes and genomic regions.

In clinical genetics, haplotypes can be used to identify genetic risk factors for diseases or to predict an individual's response to certain medications. For example, specific haplotypes in the HLA gene region have been associated with increased susceptibility to certain autoimmune diseases, while other haplotypes in the CYP450 gene family can affect how individuals metabolize drugs.

Overall, haplotypes provide a powerful tool for understanding the genetic basis of complex traits and diseases, as well as for developing personalized medical treatments based on an individual's genetic makeup.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) is a type of genetic variation that occurs when a single nucleotide (A, T, C, or G) in the DNA sequence is altered. This alteration must occur in at least 1% of the population to be considered a SNP. These variations can help explain why some people are more susceptible to certain diseases than others and can also influence how an individual responds to certain medications. SNPs can serve as biological markers, helping scientists locate genes that are associated with disease. They can also provide information about an individual's ancestry and ethnic background.

A case-control study is an observational research design used to identify risk factors or causes of a disease or health outcome. In this type of study, individuals with the disease or condition (cases) are compared with similar individuals who do not have the disease or condition (controls). The exposure history or other characteristics of interest are then compared between the two groups to determine if there is an association between the exposure and the disease.

Case-control studies are often used when it is not feasible or ethical to conduct a randomized controlled trial, as they can provide valuable insights into potential causes of diseases or health outcomes in a relatively short period of time and at a lower cost than other study designs. However, because case-control studies rely on retrospective data collection, they are subject to biases such as recall bias and selection bias, which can affect the validity of the results. Therefore, it is important to carefully design and conduct case-control studies to minimize these potential sources of bias.

Gene frequency, also known as allele frequency, is a measure in population genetics that reflects the proportion of a particular gene or allele (variant of a gene) in a given population. It is calculated as the number of copies of a specific allele divided by the total number of all alleles at that genetic locus in the population.

For example, if we consider a gene with two possible alleles, A and a, the gene frequency of allele A (denoted as p) can be calculated as follows:

p = (number of copies of allele A) / (total number of all alleles at that locus)

Similarly, the gene frequency of allele a (denoted as q) would be:

q = (number of copies of allele a) / (total number of all alleles at that locus)

Since there are only two possible alleles for this gene in this example, p + q = 1. These frequencies can help researchers understand genetic diversity and evolutionary processes within populations.

Skin manifestations refer to visible changes on the skin that can indicate an underlying medical condition or disease process. These changes can include rashes, lesions, discoloration, eruptions, blisters, hives, and other abnormalities. The appearance, distribution, and pattern of these manifestations can provide important clues for healthcare professionals to diagnose and manage the underlying condition.

Skin manifestations can be caused by a wide range of factors, including infections, inflammatory conditions, allergic reactions, genetic disorders, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. In some cases, skin manifestations may be the primary symptom of a medical condition, while in other cases, they may be a secondary effect of medication or treatment.

It is important to note that while skin manifestations can provide valuable diagnostic information, they should always be evaluated in the context of the patient's overall medical history and presentation. A thorough physical examination and appropriate diagnostic tests are often necessary to confirm a diagnosis and develop an effective treatment plan.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Exfoliatins" is not a recognized medical term or a known medical condition. It seems like there might be a spelling mistake or a mix-up with the terminology. Exfoliation refers to the natural process of shedding dead skin cells from the surface of the skin. If you have any specific concerns about skin issues or other health problems, I would recommend consulting a healthcare professional for accurate information and advice tailored to your situation.

An allele is a variant form of a gene that is located at a specific position on a specific chromosome. Alleles are alternative forms of the same gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same locus or position on homologous chromosomes.

Each person typically inherits two copies of each gene, one from each parent. If the two alleles are identical, a person is said to be homozygous for that trait. If the alleles are different, the person is heterozygous.

For example, the ABO blood group system has three alleles, A, B, and O, which determine a person's blood type. If a person inherits two A alleles, they will have type A blood; if they inherit one A and one B allele, they will have type AB blood; if they inherit two B alleles, they will have type B blood; and if they inherit two O alleles, they will have type O blood.

Alleles can also influence traits such as eye color, hair color, height, and other physical characteristics. Some alleles are dominant, meaning that only one copy of the allele is needed to express the trait, while others are recessive, meaning that two copies of the allele are needed to express the trait.

The crystalline lens of the eye is covered by a transparent, elastic capsule known as the lens capsule. This capsule is made up of collagen and forms the continuous outer layer of the lens. It is highly resistant to both physical and chemical insults, which allows it to protect the lens fibers within. The lens capsule is important for maintaining the shape and transparency of the lens, which are essential for proper focusing of light onto the retina.

CD57 is a protein found on the surface of some immune cells, specifically natural killer (NK) cells and certain T-cells. It is often used as a marker to identify these populations of cells. Antigens are substances that can stimulate an immune response, leading to the production of antibodies. In the context of CD57, antigens would refer to any substance that can bind to the CD57 protein on the surface of NK or T-cells.

It's worth noting that CD57 has been studied as a potential marker for certain diseases and conditions, such as HIV infection and some types of cancer. However, its use as a diagnostic or prognostic marker is still a subject of ongoing research and debate.

A deciduous tooth, also known as a baby tooth or primary tooth, is a type of temporary tooth that humans and some other mammals develop during childhood. They are called "deciduous" because they are eventually shed and replaced by permanent teeth, much like how leaves on a deciduous tree fall off and are replaced by new growth.

Deciduous teeth begin to form in the womb and start to erupt through the gums when a child is around six months old. By the time a child reaches age three, they typically have a full set of 20 deciduous teeth, including incisors, canines, and molars. These teeth are smaller and less durable than permanent teeth, but they serve important functions such as helping children chew food properly, speak clearly, and maintain space in the jaw for the permanent teeth to grow into.

Deciduous teeth usually begin to fall out around age six or seven, starting with the lower central incisors. This process continues until all of the deciduous teeth have been shed, typically by age 12 or 13. At this point, the permanent teeth will have grown in and taken their place, with the exception of the wisdom teeth, which may not erupt until later in adolescence or early adulthood.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Scandinavia" is not a medical term and does not have a medical definition. Scandinavia refers to a geographical region in northern Europe, consisting of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. At times, Finland and Iceland are also included in the definition. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I would be happy to try to help answer them.

Amyloidogenic proteins are misfolded proteins that can form amyloid fibrils, which are insoluble protein aggregates with a characteristic cross-beta sheet quaternary structure. These amyloid fibrils can accumulate in various tissues and organs, leading to the formation of amyloid deposits. The accumulation of amyloidogenic proteins and the resulting amyloid deposits have been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, as well as systemic amyloidoses.

In Alzheimer's disease, for example, the amyloidogenic protein is beta-amyloid, which is produced from the proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). In Parkinson's disease, the amyloidogenic protein is alpha-synuclein, which forms the main component of Lewy bodies.

It's important to note that not all misfolded proteins are necessarily amyloidogenic, and not all amyloid fibrils are associated with disease. Some amyloid fibrils can have functional roles in normal physiological processes.

Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome (also known as exfoliation syndrome) is the most common identifiable condition associated with ... Exfoliation glaucoma; XFG Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma Pseudoexfoliation of the lens Exfoliation syndrome; XFS "Glaucoma In-Depth ... Vessani RM, Ritch R, Liebmann JM, Jofe M (2003). "Plasma homocysteine is elevated in patients with exfoliation syndrome". Am J ... Schlötzer-Schrehardt, U., & Zenkel, M. (2019). The role of lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1) in exfoliation syndrome and glaucoma. ...
Malling also published about exfoliation syndrome in 1923 without mentioning Lindberg. He erred in concluding that exfoliation ... In 1923, Vogt published about exfoliation syndrome without mentioning Lindberg. Vogt proposed that exfoliation was a ... so that exfoliation syndrome was known there as Vogt's syndrome even decades later.[citation needed] In 1921, Lindberg attended ... The 1st International Workshop on Exfoliation Syndrome was held in 1987 in Helsinki, Finland, followed by the 2nd in 1992 in ...
Bernstein AM, Ritch R, Wolosin JM (July 2018). "Exfoliation syndrome: A disease of autophagy and LOXL1 proteopathy". Journal of ...
Normally, exfoliation is restricted to a particular area and normal skin will replace the exfoliated parts, so no treatment is ... Acrokeratoelastoidosis of Costa Peeling skin syndrome List of cutaneous conditions James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, ... In most cases exfoliation resolves spontaneously and no lasting damage is seen. However, some patients experience cracking and ... Other factors that can cause exfoliation are detergents and solvents. Another very common cause has been reported from salt ...
Of people with pseudo-exfoliation syndrome, 25% showed increased levels of anti-gliadin IgA. Other people that are also at risk ... One-fourth of people with Sjögren's syndrome had responses to gluten; of five that had positive response to gluten, only one ... in a few people with irritable bowel syndrome, the authors found no difference between gluten or placebo groups and the concept ... Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), or gluten sensitivity (GS), is a possible syndrome in which people develop a variety of ...
Exfoliation syndrome: Exfoliation syndrome is a classic cause of secondary open-angle glaucoma, a common symptom of exfoliation ... Incidence of exfoliation syndrome-caused secondary glaucoma is estimated to be approximately 10% of the glaucoma patient ... There is an increased risk of development of posterior synechiae in glaucoma secondary to exfoliation syndrome and ocular ... The incidence of pigmentary glaucoma decreases with age while in exfoliation syndrome the incidence increases with age. However ...
"Efficacy of Topically Administered Rho-Kinase Inhibitor AR-12286 in Patients With Exfoliation Syndrome and Ocular Hypertension ...
Suspended animation Lazarus syndrome Cadaveric spasm Sorg, Marcella H.; Haglund, William D. (13 December 1996). Forensic ... Stage 5: Extreme Decomposition - Advancing of the skeletonization with bleaching, exfoliation, and loss of wide portions of ...
When this happens in the eye, exfoliation glaucoma results. LOXL1 has been shown to interact with FBLN5. LOXL2 LOXL3 LOXL4 ... Polymorphisms of the LOXL1 gene are associated with pseudoexfoliation syndrome, a disease where the extracellular matrix ... Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Naumann GO (2006). "Ocular and systemic pseudoexfoliation syndrome". Am. J. Ophthalmol. 141 (5): 921- ... Damji KF (2007). "Progress in understanding pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation-associated glaucoma". Can. J. ...
... though their exfoliation and loss can be delayed. The maintenance of teeth is done by dental professionals with a procedure ... Syndromes affecting the skin, Rare syndromes, Genodermatoses, Palmoplantar keratodermas, Congenital defects of phagocyte number ... The syndrome should be diagnosed as earlier as possible, so the teeth can be kept longer in the mouth, helping the development ... Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS), also known as palmoplantar keratoderma with periodontitis, is an autosomal recessive genetic ...
The Netherton syndrome Mendelian Inheritance in Man is inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder due to mutations of both ... Chronic skin inflammation results in scaling and exfoliation, predisposing these patients to life-threatening infections, ... Netherton's syndrome. A familial occurrence. Br J Dermatol. 1998. Netherton, E.W. (1958). "A unique case of trichorrhexis ... Br J Dermatol (1986). "Neonatal hypernatraemia in two siblings with Netherton's syndrome". MEDLINE Abstract. 114 (6): 741-3. ...
... the complete separation of the layers of a material Exfoliation syndrome, an eye disease Exfoliative dermatitis, sometimes ... Exfoliation can refer to: Exfoliation (botany), the loss of leaves (or, in some cases, pieces of bark) from a plant Exfoliation ... Look up exfoliation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... aims to remove dead skin from the body and face Exfoliation ( ... with various causes This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Exfoliation. If an internal link led you ...
... a client-server architecture for financial applications on the Microsoft Windows platform Exfoliation syndrome, an eye ailment ...
... delayed exfoliation of baby teeth and delayed eruption of adult teeth, shorter roots on teeth, and often missing and malformed ... ALL in Down syndrome tends to have poorer outcomes than other cases of ALL in people without Down syndrome. In Down syndrome, ... The National Down Syndrome Society provides information regarding raising a child with Down syndrome. Down syndrome is the most ... "What is Down Syndrome? , National Down Syndrome Society". NDSS. Retrieved 2022-03-24. "Down syndrome - Symptoms and causes". ...
... discoverer of exfoliation syndrome (1917) Karin Lindberg (1929-2020), Swedish gymnast Karin Kock-Lindberg (1891-1976), Swedish ...
WAGR syndrome MeSH C11.941.375.285 - exfoliation syndrome MeSH C11.941.375.360 - iridocyclitis MeSH C11.941.375.375 - iris ... horner syndrome MeSH C11.710.570 - mydriasis MeSH C11.710.800 - tonic pupil MeSH C11.710.800.180 - aide syndrome MeSH C11.744. ... Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome MeSH C11.270.060 - aniridia MeSH C11.270.060.950 - WAGR syndrome MeSH C11.270.142 - choroideremia ... dry eye syndromes MeSH C11.496.260.394 - keratoconjunctivitis sicca MeSH C11.496.260.719 - Sjögren syndrome MeSH C11.496. ...
The sign is present when slight rubbing of the skin results in exfoliation of the outermost layer. A typical test would be to ... Nikolsky's sign is almost always present in Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis and staphylococcal scalded skin ... "The Nikolsky sign in staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome". Arch. Dis. Child. 79 (3): 290. doi:10.1136/adc.79.3.290. PMC ... syndrome, caused by the exfoliative toxin of Staphylococcus aureus. It is also associated with pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus ...
Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion and is associated with PITX2 or FOXC1. Other factors can ... With pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (also known as PEX or exfoliation glaucoma) the pressure results from the accumulation of ... Pigmentary glaucoma (also known as pigmentary dispersion syndrome) is caused by pigment cells sloughing off from the back of ... Zamora, Edgar A.; Salini, Baby (2023), "Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, ...
... including the diagnosis of kidney disease and the identification of immotile cilia syndrome. Tissue cytogenetics - the ... individual cells obtained from exfoliation or fine-needle aspirates. Cytopathologists are trained to perform fine-needle ...
Exfoliation glaucoma XFH (s) 1932 prototype U.S. Navy fighter aircraft made by Hall (i) X-ray fluorescence holography XFN (i) ... severe acute respiratory syndrome (i) = initialism, e.g.: CD - (i) compact disc (p) = pseudo-blend, e.g.: UNIFEM - (p) United ... severe acute respiratory syndrome, pronounced to rhyme with cars initialism = an abbreviation pronounced wholly or partly using ...
This bacteria can also cause a skin disease in cattle which leads to a mange-like syndrome most common in young adult cattle. ... Amtsberg G (2010). "Nachweis von Exfoliation auslösenden Substanzen in Kulturen von Staphylococcus hyicus des Schweines und ... Ladhani S (June 2001). "Recent developments in staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome". Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 7 (6 ... and biochemical aspects of the exfoliative toxins causing staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome". Clinical Microbiology Reviews ...
It is most associated with cosmetic skin maintenance via exfoliation, but can also occur biologically or for medical reasons. ... Bacterial infections include Toxic Shock Syndrome, Staph Infection, and Scarlet Fever.[6] Dermatitis, or skin inflammation, ... Intentional skin sloughing usually occurs as a result of cosmetic exfoliation, however, skin sloughing can also be the result ... Stevens Johnson Syndrome causes entire sheets of skin to be lost. Apoptosis of associated cells in the epidermis initiates the ...
Many rarer types of the disorder are part of inherited genetic syndromes. The cause of KP is not completely understood. As of ... Limiting time in the shower and using gentle exfoliation to unplug pores can help. Many products are available that apply ... KP subtypes are occasionally part of genetically inherited syndromes associated with intellectual disability, neuro-cardio- ... facial-cutaneous syndromes, RASopathies, ectodermal dysplasias, and certain myopathies. Physicians can often diagnose KP simply ...
... used to promote exfoliation of the skin in order to treat acne. Additionally, research investigates the mechanism by which ... syndrome, sarcoidosis and sciatica. It is also suspected a main bacterial source of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease ...
Because of this initial period of lucidity, it has been called "Talk and Die" syndrome. As blood accumulates, it starts to ... A "heat hematoma" is an epidural hematoma caused by severe thermal burn, causing contraction and exfoliation of the dura mater ... Updated: Nov 3, 2010 Penn State University (2009). "Probing Question: What is 'Talk and Die' Syndrome?". www.psu.edu. Retrieved ...
When a specialised cornified structure has a particular toughness, as in nails and hair, little or no exfoliation occurs, and ... and for rehabilitation of recovering cases of navicular syndrome. The flexor tendon lies deeper, just along the posterior ... The constant thickness of the cornified layer results most commonly from regular superficial exfoliation. ...
The most prominent oral manifestation of a mild haemophilia B would be gingival bleeding during exfoliation of primary ... fibrinogen disorders and Bernard-Soulier syndrome Treatment is given intermittently, when there is significant bleeding. It ...
Dentoalveolar growth and development, pediatric dental exfoliation, and exodontia secondary to periodontitis, carious lesions, ... particularly in patients with velocardiofacial syndrome. Since such anomalies raise the risk of dangerous intraoperative ...
There are also reports of people developing irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and worsening of existing IBS. Isotretinoin and ... For this reason, elective surgery, waxing of hair, tattooing, tattoo removal, piercings, dermabrasion, exfoliation, etc., are ...
It is also associated with many syndromes, such as Down syndrome and Crouzon syndrome. Hyperdontia is the development of ... After the last primary tooth falls out of the mouth-a process known as exfoliation-the teeth are in the permanent dentition. ... Natal teeth and neonatal teeth are associated with genetics, developmental abnormalities and certain recognized syndromes. ...
... J ... eyes with exfoliation syndrome had significantly lower superficial macular VDs and minimum ganglion cell analysis values. ... between patients with eyes having exfoliation syndrome (XFS) and normal age-matched healthy controls. ...
Evaluation of CNTNAP2 gene polymorphisms for exfoliation syndrome in Japanese Ai Shimizu,1 Yoshimasa Takano,1 Dong Shi,1,2 ... The exfoliation syndrome (XFS; OMIM 177650) is a generalized disorder of the extracellular matrix and is characterized ... Forsius H. Exfoliation syndrome in various ethnic populations. Acta Ophthalmol Suppl. 1988; 184:71-85. [PMID: 2853925] ... Forsman E, Cantor RM, Lu A, Eriksson A, Fellman J, Jarvela I, Forsius H. Exfoliation syndrome: prevalence and inheritance in a ...
Evaluation of MMP1 and MMP3 gene polymorphisms in exfoliation syndrome and exfoliation glaucoma Evangelia E. Tsironi,1 Maria ... Exfoliation glaucoma (XFS/+G) is a common sight-threatening disease that develops as a consequence of exfoliation syndrome. ... Exfoliation syndrome is often clustered in families, so it has been proposed that genetic factors play an important role in its ... Conclusions: Our study provided some evidence of a possible role of the MMP1 variant in the development of exfoliation syndrome ...
The findings could pave the way for future research on the cause of exfoliation syndrome and potential cures. Their research ... associated with exfoliation syndrome, the most common cause of glaucoma. ... Eye of a patient with exfoliation syndrome. The typical white exfoliation material deposits on the surface of the lens are ... Although exfoliation syndrome is the most common cause of glaucoma, its origin is shrouded in mystery because it is not known ...
... gene associated with exfoliation syndrome (XFS) and exfoliation glaucoma (XFG) were investigated in the Finnish population. A ... LOXL1 gene polymorphisms are associated with exfoliation syndrome/exfoliation glaucoma risk: An updated meta-analysis. Li X, He ... Association of LOXL1 gene with Finnish exfoliation syndrome patients Susanna Lemmelä 1 , Eva Forsman, Päivi Onkamo, Hanna Nurmi ... gene associated with exfoliation syndrome (XFS) and exfoliation glaucoma (XFG) were investigated in the Finnish population. A ...
Roh YB, Ishibashi T, Ito N, Inomata H. Alteration of Microfibrils in the Conjunctiva of Patients With Exfoliation Syndrome. ... Alteration of Microfibrils in the Conjunctiva of Patients With Exfoliation Syndrome. Young Bae Roh, Tatsuro Ishibashi, Noritaka ... Alteration of Microfibrils in the Conjunctiva of Patients With Exfoliation Syndrome. / Roh, Young Bae; Ishibashi, Tatsuro; Ito ... Alteration of Microfibrils in the Conjunctiva of Patients With Exfoliation Syndrome. In: Archives of Ophthalmology. 1987 ; Vol ...
Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome (also known as exfoliation syndrome) is the most common identifiable condition associated with ... Exfoliation glaucoma; XFG Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma Pseudoexfoliation of the lens Exfoliation syndrome; XFS "Glaucoma In-Depth ... Vessani RM, Ritch R, Liebmann JM, Jofe M (2003). "Plasma homocysteine is elevated in patients with exfoliation syndrome". Am J ... Schlötzer-Schrehardt, U., & Zenkel, M. (2019). The role of lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1) in exfoliation syndrome and glaucoma. ...
Association of Head and Neck Region Dermatological UV-Related Cancers With Exfoliation Syndrome. Ophthalmology Glaucoma. ... Head and neck region dermatological UV-related cancers are associated with exfoliation syndrome in a clinic-based population. ...
A pilot study of electronic medical records (EMR) in Utah was undertaken to investigate exfoliation syndrome and exfoliation ... Abdominal aortic aneurysm and exfoliation syndrome in Utah. Patil, Ayesha; Conley, Matthew; Pompoco, Christian; Paulson, Chase ... Abdominal aortic aneurysm and exfoliation syndrome in Utah. ...
... a Finnish ophthalmologist named Lindberg first described pseudoexfoliation syndrome. This entity is characterized by flakes of ... Unilateral exfoliation syndrome: conversion to bilateral exfoliation and to glaucoma: a prospective 10-year follow-up study. J ... Exfoliation syndrome in the southeastern United States. I. Prevalence in open-angle glaucoma and non-glaucoma populations. Acta ... True exfoliation syndrome is due to heat or infrared-related changes in the anterior lens capsule. ...
Failure of dental exfoliation. (,3 teeth). 72%. Hyperextensibility. 68%. Recurrent pathologic fractures. 57%. ... Clinical Features of Human Hyper IgE Syndrome (STAT3base). Incidence of clinical and laboratory findings in patients with ...
Scalded skin syndrome (SSS) is a skin infection caused by staphylococcus bacteria in which the skin becomes damaged and sheds. ... Large areas of skin peel or fall away (exfoliation or desquamation). *Painful skin ... Scalded skin syndrome (SSS) is a skin infection caused by staphylococcus bacteria in which the skin becomes damaged and sheds. ... Scalded skin syndrome is caused by infection with certain strains of staphylococcus bacteria. The bacteria produce a toxin that ...
Hearing in older adults with exfoliation syndrome/exfoliation glaucoma or primary open-angle glaucomaExternal. Tryggvason G, ...
LOXL1 gene polymorphisms are associated with exfoliation syndrome/exfoliation glaucoma risk: An updated meta-analysis.. Li X; ... phenotyping and genotyping exfoliation syndrome and exfoliation glaucoma in Iceland.. Jonasson F. Acta Ophthalmol; 2009 Aug; 87 ... Genetics of Exfoliation Syndrome.. Aung T; Chan AS; Khor CC. J Glaucoma; 2018 Jul; 27 Suppl 1():S12-S14. PubMed ID: 29965897. [ ... Molecular Biology of Exfoliation Syndrome.. Schlötzer-Schrehardt U. J Glaucoma; 2018 Jul; 27 Suppl 1():S32-S37. PubMed ID: ...
euthyroid sick syndrome Evans syndrome + EVEN-PLUS SYNDROME exfoliation syndrome FACES Syndrome ... Restless Leg Syndrome ; Restless Legs ; WED ; Willis Ekbom Disease ; Willis Ekbom Syndrome ; Wittmaack Ekbom syndrome ; ... restless legs syndrome, susceptibility to, 4 ; restless legs syndrome, susceptibility to, 5 ; restless legs syndrome, ... Renal Nutcracker Syndrome restless legs syndrome + A central nervous system disease characterized by throbbing, pulling ...
euthyroid sick syndrome Evans syndrome + EVEN-PLUS SYNDROME exfoliation syndrome FACES Syndrome ... complex regional pain syndrome + congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract syndrome with or without hearing loss, ... Cerebellar Vermis Aplasia with Associated Features suggesting Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome and Meckel Syndrome ... Limb-Mammary Syndrome (DOID:9002385). Annotations: Rat: (1) Mouse: (1) Human: (1) Chinchilla: (1) Bonobo: (1) Dog: (1) Squirrel ...
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is an eye condition that has no noticeable symptoms but can lead to glaucoma if it goes undetected. ... Exfoliation syndrome: a disease with an environmental component. Current Opinion in Ophthalmology. March 2015. ... What is pseudoexfoliation syndrome?. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is when tiny clumps of protein fibers form in and around the ... Home Conditions , Pseudoexfoliation syndrome Pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma: Causes, symptoms and ...
... is a type of open-angle glaucoma that happens in some people with exfoliation syndrome, a condition that causes extra material ... Exfoliation glaucoma Treatments: Medicines, laser treatment, surgery. Exfoliation glaucoma (sometimes called pseudoexfoliation ... Recent research shows that genetics may play a role in exfoliation glaucoma. Youre at higher risk if someone else in your ... family has exfoliation glaucoma. This type of glaucoma can progress faster than primary open-angle glaucoma, and often causes ...
Cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), some with a fatal outcome, have been reported ... and skin exfoliation ... and cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal ... Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, ... adult respiratory distress syndrome), and radiographic infiltrates. ...
Exfoliation syndrome and exfoliation glaucoma-associated LOXL1 variations are not involved in pigment dispersion syndrome and ... PMID 25304275] LOXL1 Gene Polymorphism With Exfoliation Syndrome/Exfoliation Glaucoma: A Meta-Analysis ... Evaluation of LOXL1 polymorphisms in exfoliation syndrome in a Chinese population [PMID 20431720. ] Major LOXL1 risk allele is ... PMID 19343041] Association of LOXL1 gene with Finnish exfoliation syndrome patients. [PMID 19373106] Lysyl oxidase-like 1 gene ...
Additionally, radiation recall syndrome (RRS) has been reported in patients taking everolimus who had received radiation ... skin exfoliation, skin lesion ... history of and no active symptoms related to carcinoid syndrome ... Dry skin, nail disorders, mild alopecia, acne, erythema, onychoclasis, palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia syndrome, ...
The area of current focus for TGFs Grant Research program is exfoliation syndrome and exfoliation glaucoma. The next deadline ... Dry eye syndrome, particularly common among older adults, is mostly caused by a deficiency in the tear glands, and a common ... Did you know that people with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) are more likely to develop glaucoma than those who do not ...
Eventually, exfoliation occurs. Scalded skin syndrome most commonly occurs in infants and children , 5 years. ... Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome Стафілококовий токсичний шок Toxic shock syndrome is caused by staphylococcal or ... Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome Стафілококовий синдром ошпареної шкіри Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is an acute ... Some strains elaborate toxins that cause gastroenteritis, scalded skin syndrome, and toxic shock syndrome. Diagnosis is by Gram ...
Encourages exfoliation, cell renewal, blood circulation and lymphatic drainage thereby suitable for problem skin. Facial ... Massage also relieves stress, migraines or headaches, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and sinus congestion. ...
41] There has been one case report of Stevens-Johnson syndrome associated with rituximab. [42] Urticaria is a common side ... Cutaneous adverse effects like rash, exfoliation [39] and vasculitis [40] have also been reported. Toxic epidermal necrolysis ... Lowndes S, Darby A, Mead G, Lister A . Stevens-Johnson syndrome after treatment with rituximab. Ann Oncol 2002;13:1948-50. ...
Involution of the eruption was characterized by exfoliation similar to that observed in scarlet fever. There was prompt and ... Hypersensitivity syndrome caused by phenytoins and phenobarbital] [Article in Portuguese] J C Fonseca, D R Azulay, I Rozembau, ... Hypersensitivity syndrome caused by phenytoins and phenobarbital] [Article in Portuguese] J C Fonseca et al. Med Cutan Ibero ... Case report of antiepileptic drug hypersensitivity reaction: pseudolymphoma syndrome. Black DM, Fivenson DP. Black DM, et al. ...
Tumor lysis syndrome may occur; risk is increased in patients with high tumor burden prior to treatment ... Angioedema, skin exfoliation, bullae, or any other severe dermatologic reaction: Permanently discontinue ... Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified: Tumor lysis syndrome, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma of the ... Angioedema and severe cutaneous reactions including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and drug ...
Aspergers syndrome, autism, insomnia and depression 9. It reveals its sattvic quality by helping to give up bad habits and all ... significantly strengthened the mucosal barrier and decreased mucosal exfoliation. A methanolic extract of Brahmi given for 5 ... suggesting its benefit in intestinal spasm such as irritable bowel syndrome. Brahmi also has a protective and curative effect ...
  • PurposeThe purpose of the study was to investigate nailfold microvascular morphology in exfoliation syndrome with or without glaucoma (XFS/XFG) compared with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and control subjects using nailfold capillary videomicroscopy.Patients and methodsWe used a JH-1004 capillaroscope to perform nailfold capillary videomicroscopy on the fourth and fifth digit of the non-dominant hand. (northwestern.edu)
  • The buildup of protein clumps can block normal drainage of the eye fluid called the aqueous humor and can cause, in turn, a buildup of pressure leading to glaucoma and loss of vision (pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, exfoliation glaucoma). (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 2 ] Kozart and Yanoff reported that glaucoma was present in 7% of 100 consecutive patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome in Philadelphia. (medscape.com)
  • In a prospective study, Cashwell and Shields found that the prevalence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome in the southeastern United States was 1.6% of the total population and 6% of an open-angle glaucoma subpopulation. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 ] Prevalence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome in the glaucoma population of south Louisiana was found to be 2.7% in White patients and 0.4% in African American patients. (medscape.com)
  • Exfoliation glaucoma (EXG) is a type of secondary glaucoma. (molvis.org)
  • Mar. 28, 2023-Computational genetics tools have implicated inflammatory pathways in exfoliation syndrome, the most common cause of secondary glaucoma, which can result in blindness. (vumc.org)
  • The generalized inflammatory types, such as SAM syndrome or Netherton syndrome may be associated with generalized inflammation of the skin (erythroderma) or localized thickened, red plaques (erythrokeratoderma), immunodysfunction with elevated IgE levels, allergies, and susceptibility to infections, failure to thrive or metabolic wasting. (rarediseases.org)
  • Chronic skin inflammation results in scaling and exfoliation, predisposing these patients to life-threatening infections, sepsis, and dehydration. (medscape.com)
  • 3 Of the cutaneous toxicities experienced by patients, hand-foot syndromes (HFS)-also known as palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia, palmar-plantar erythema, acral erythema, and Burgdorf's reaction -are becoming among the most common. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • Although HFS and HFSR do not involve life-threatening toxicities, the syndromes have a significant impact on treatment schedules and quality of life in treated patients. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • 9.4.2.1 Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome (ICE, incl. (e-igr.com)
  • Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a potentially life-threatening dermatologic disorder characterized by widespread erythema, necrosis, and bullous detachment of the epidermis and mucous membranes, resulting in exfoliation and possible sepsis and/or death. (aboutface.ca)
  • Collagen type IV was absent from exfoliation material. (duke.edu)
  • Exfoliation deposits appeared to stimulate the synthesis of collagen types I and IV at an early stage of the disease. (duke.edu)
  • Cutaneous and systemic infections are common and disturbing consequences in almost all patients with Netherton syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • [ 7 ] Further, larger studies are necessary to elucidate the safety and efficacy of pimecrolimus in Netherton syndrome patients. (medscape.com)
  • Cevimeline has been shown to improve the symptoms of dry mouth in patients with SjÖgren's Syndrome. (nih.gov)
  • Cevimeline is indicated for the treatment of symptoms of dry mouth in patients with Sjögren's Syndrome. (rxlist.com)
  • Aims: To report the prevalence and correlates of exfoliation syndrome (XFS) in central, rural Sri Lanka. (edu.au)
  • Prevalence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome in Europe was found to be 4.7% in England, 6.3% in Norway, 4% in Germany, 1.1% in Greece, and 5.5% in France. (medscape.com)
  • Bartholomew reported an 8.2% prevalence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome in the Bantu tribes of South Africa. (medscape.com)
  • A grouping of three closely linked conditions: iris nevus (or Cogan-Reese) syndrome, Chandler Syndrome, and essential (progressive) iris atrophy. (bvsalud.org)
  • Do not use nilotinib in the presence of hypokalemia , hypomagnesemia , or long QT syndrome . (drugs.com)
  • The typical white exfoliation material deposits on the surface of the lens are visible (blue arrows) with the aid of a slit lamp at 16 × magnification under white light. (jamanetwork.com)
  • 0.99) ( Figure , panel A). RNA loads were comparatively high (median 7.0 × 10 6 copies/mL, interquartile range [IQR] 5.5 × 10 4 -5.2 × 10 7 copies/mL) ( Figure , panel B) and in some cases exceeded loads in the acute phase of the disease ( 6 ), possibly because of postmortem mucosal softening and higher exfoliation of tissue during sample collection. (cdc.gov)
  • Netherton syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis characterized by congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, an atopic diathesis, and a characteristic hair-shaft abnormality known as trichorrhexis invaginata. (medscape.com)
  • Skin manifestations and associated symptoms may vary considerably among individuals with Netherton syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Emollients, keratolytics, and antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment in Netherton syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Because of the increased mean age of populations, pseudoexfoliation syndrome may become more prevalent in the future. (medscape.com)
  • Peeling skin syndrome belongs to the groups of congenital ichthyosis and skin fragility disorders with autosomal recessive inheritance. (rarediseases.org)
  • A person with a facial difference refers to anyone whose appearance, from the neck or above, has been affected by a congenital (from birth), acquired (after birth), or episodic (comes and goes) condition or syndrome. (aboutface.ca)
  • Georgiana Dvorak-Thebold suggested the term pseudoexfoliation to differentiate it from true exfoliation or lamellar delamination of the lens capsule found in glassblowers. (medscape.com)
  • True exfoliation syndrome is due to heat or infrared-related changes in the anterior lens capsule. (medscape.com)
  • Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is a common ocular manifestation of a systemic disease, known to cause disease primarily in the eye. (medscape.com)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Iris vasculopathy in exfoliation syndrome. (duke.edu)
  • The most common features of this syndrome are the movement of endothelial cells off the cornea onto the iris leading to corneal swelling, distortion of the iris, and variable degrees of distortion of the pupil. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this study, the burden test was designed to compare the number (or burden) of damaging genetic alterations found in each gene among persons with exfoliation syndrome vs those without exfoliation syndrome. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Genetic association study of exfoliation syndrome identifies a protective rare variant at LOXL1 and five new susceptibility loci. (nccs.com.sg)
  • Deaths associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have raised concerns that contact with the corpses of deceased persons might pose a risk for transmitting infection ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Jan. 13, 2020-An international research team has discovered a new genetic syndrome caused by mutation of a single gene and named it CATIFA, an acronym for its core symptoms. (vumc.org)
  • Laminin was an integral component of exfoliation material and was present mainly in the matrix of the outer surface of normal vascular cohort cells. (duke.edu)
  • Exfoliation material may not be visible on unaided examination. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Pseudoexfoliative syndrome (PEX) is characterized by the accumulation of fibrillary extracellular material in some organs, in the eye and out of the eye. (scirp.org)
  • Pseudoexfoliation syndrome, often abbreviated as PEX and sometimes as PES or PXS, is an aging-related systemic disease manifesting itself primarily in the eyes which is characterized by the accumulation of microscopic granular amyloid-like protein fibers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Peeling skin syndrome (PSS) is a group of rare inherited skin disorders in which the normal gradual process of invisible shedding of the outermost skin layers is hastened and/or aggravated. (rarediseases.org)
  • PSS is characterized by painless, continual, spontaneous skin peeling (exfoliation) due to a separation of the outermost layer of the epidermis (stratum corneum) from the underlying layers. (rarediseases.org)
  • Some strains elaborate toxins that cause gastroenteritis, scalded skin syndrome, and toxic shock syndrome. (merckmanuals.com)
  • The aim of this case report was to present a clinic case of a 13-year-old male, who presented delayed exfoliation of the mandibular right primary canine. (bvsalud.org)
  • A patient, with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome, presented with a premature loss of both deciduous and permanent teeth and hyperkeratosis palmaris et plantaris. (nih.gov)
  • Caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), Ramsay Hunt Syndrome is a neurological disorder that results in facial palsy, a rash that affects the ear and/or mouth, and may also cause tinnitus and/or hearing loss. (aboutface.ca)
  • This excellent clip shows many features of exfoliation syndrome. (gonioscopy.org)
  • The laminin content in the latter location was reduced in vessels in which exfoliation aggregates were not visible. (duke.edu)
  • a Affected individuals had exfoliation syndrome and unaffected individuals did not have it. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Evoxac (cevimeline hydrochloride) is a cholinergic agonist that works by stimulating certain nerves to increase the amount of saliva produced used to treat dry mouth in people with Sjogren's Syndrome. (rxlist.com)