A malabsorption condition resulting from greater than 10% reduction in the secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes (LIPASE; PROTEASES; and AMYLASE) by the EXOCRINE PANCREAS into the DUODENUM. This condition is often associated with CYSTIC FIBROSIS and with chronic PANCREATITIS.
A mammalian pancreatic extract composed of enzymes with protease, amylase and lipase activities. It is used as a digestant in pancreatic malfunction.
A preparation of hog pancreatic enzymes standardized for lipase content.
Extracts prepared from pancreatic tissue that may contain the pancreatic enzymes or other specific uncharacterized factors or proteins with specific activities. PANCREATIN is a specific extract containing digestive enzymes and used to treat pancreatic insufficiency.
Tests based on the biochemistry and physiology of the exocrine pancreas and involving analysis of blood, duodenal contents, feces, or urine for products of pancreatic secretion.
Pathological processes of the PANCREAS.
The major component (about 80%) of the PANCREAS composed of acinar functional units of tubular and spherical cells. The acinar cells synthesize and secrete several digestive enzymes such as TRYPSINOGEN; LIPASE; AMYLASE; and RIBONUCLEASE. Secretion from the exocrine pancreas drains into the pancreatic ductal system and empties into the DUODENUM.
Increase in the mass of bone per unit volume.
A nodular organ in the ABDOMEN that contains a mixture of ENDOCRINE GLANDS and EXOCRINE GLANDS. The small endocrine portion consists of the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS secreting a number of hormones into the blood stream. The large exocrine portion (EXOCRINE PANCREAS) is a compound acinar gland that secretes several digestive enzymes into the pancreatic ductal system that empties into the DUODENUM.
An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.
Drugs used for their effects on the gastrointestinal system, as to control gastric acidity, regulate gastrointestinal motility and water flow, and improve digestion.
A disorder characterized by the accumulation of encapsulated or unencapsulated tumor-like fatty tissue resembling LIPOMA.
An enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the reaction of triacylglycerol and water to yield diacylglycerol and a fatty acid anion. It is produced by glands on the tongue and by the pancreas and initiates the digestion of dietary fats. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.1.1.3.
INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.
A protease of broad specificity, obtained from dried pancreas. Molecular weight is approximately 25,000. The enzyme breaks down elastin, the specific protein of elastic fibers, and digests other proteins such as fibrin, hemoglobin, and albumin. EC 3.4.21.36.
Bone marrow diseases, also known as hematologic or blood disorders, refer to conditions that affect the production and function of blood cells within the bone marrow, such as leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, and aplastic anemia, potentially leading to complications like anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and increased susceptibility to infections or bleeding.
Diseases of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). This term does not include diseases of wild dogs, WOLVES; FOXES; and other Canidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.
Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
An enzyme that hydrolyzes 1,6-alpha-glucosidic branch linkages in glycogen, amylopectin, and their beta-limit dextrins. It is distinguished from pullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41) by its inability to attack pullulan and by the feeble action of alpha-limit dextrins. It is distinguished from amylopectin 6-glucanohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.69) by its action on glycogen. With EC 3.2.1.69, it produces the activity called "debranching enzyme". EC 3.2.1.68.
A condition that is characterized by chronic fatty DIARRHEA, a result of abnormal DIGESTION and/or INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of FATS.
Glands of external secretion that release its secretions to the body's cavities, organs, or surface, through a duct.
Fluids originating from the epithelial lining of the intestines, adjoining exocrine glands and from organs such as the liver, which empty into the cavity of the intestines.
General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients.
A glycoprotein secreted by the cells of the GASTRIC GLANDS that is required for the absorption of VITAMIN B 12 (cyanocobalamin). Deficiency of intrinsic factor leads to VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY and ANEMIA, PERNICIOUS.
A group of amylolytic enzymes that cleave starch, glycogen, and related alpha-1,4-glucans. (Stedman, 25th ed) EC 3.2.1.-.
Conditions in which the production of adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS falls below the requirement of the body. Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by defects in the ADRENAL GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the HYPOTHALAMUS.
A diagnostic test in which vitamin B12 is tagged with radioactive cobalt, taken orally, and gastrointestinal absorption is determined via measurement of the amount of radioactivity in a 24-hour urine collection.
An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.
The shortest and widest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE adjacent to the PYLORUS of the STOMACH. It is named for having the length equal to about the width of 12 fingers.

Immunoreactive pancreatic Reg protein in sera from cystic fibrosis patients with and without pancreatic insufficiency. (1/211)

BACKGROUND: The biological function of the Reg protein, a non-enzymic protein produced in fairly large amounts by pancreatic acinar cells, remains elusive. Its susceptibility to proteolysis leading to precipitation of the proteolysis product at neutral pH suggests that it could contribute to the protein plugging observed in cystic fibrosis (CF). AIMS: To study its behaviour in the serum of CF patients with or without pancreatic insufficiency and to compare it with that of other pancreatic secretory proteins. PATIENTS: 170 patients (93 with CF, 55 controls, and 22 with chronic pancreatitis) were studied. METHODS: Reg protein was measured using a specific enzyme immunoassay and its molecular form in CF sera was characterised by gel filtration. Molecular gene expression was investigated by dot-blot hybridisation. RESULTS: Reg protein was present in all CF sera studied from patients with or without pancreatic insufficiency, and in all cases the level was significantly higher than in controls. Its chromatographic behaviour in CF sera was identical with that of the protein present in normal serum. No correlation was found between the levels of Reg protein and trypsin(ogen) (or lipase) in CF, nor in control sera or normal pancreatic juice. Molecular gene expression of the corresponding proteins investigated in pancreatic tissues showed an absence of correlation between the mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS: Reg protein may not be a secretory exocrine protein like the digestive enzymes but rather a hormone-like secretory substance with an endocrine or paracrine function.  (+info)

Post-prandial intragastric and duodenal acidity are increased in patients with chronic pancreatitis. (2/211)

OBJECTIVES: Patients with chronic pancreatitis and exocrine insufficiency have lower intraduodenal pH compared to controls. It has been assumed that abnormal low intraduodenal pH in these patients not only results from impaired pancreatic bicarbonate secretion but also from an increased gastric acid load to the duodenum. METHODS: We have tested this hypothesis by combined intragastric and intraduodenal 24 h pH monitoring in nine chronic pancreatitis patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and nine healthy control subjects during standardized test conditions. Postprandial gastrin and cholecystokinin release were also determined. RESULTS: Median 24-h intraduodenal pH (5.90 vs. 6.00) and intragastric pH (1.60 vs. 1.70) were not significantly different between patients and controls. However, in the 2-h postprandial periods intraduodenal pH was below five for a significantly higher percentage of time in chronic pancreatitis patients compared to controls (lunch: 14.5% vs. 0.17%, P=0.011; dinner: 24.1% vs. 5.75%, P=0.05). The post-dinner intragastric pH was below three for a significantly higher percentage of time in chronic pancreatitis patients vs. controls (72.2 vs. 48.9%, P=0.04). Postprandial gastrin release was not significantly different between the two groups. Postprandial secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK), as enterogastrone, was significantly (P < 0.01) reduced in chronic pancreatitis patients (78 +/- 13 pmol/L, 120 min) compared to controls (155 +/- 14 pmol/L, 120 min). CONCLUSIONS: Median intraduodenal and intragastric pH are not significantly decreased in patients with chronic pancreatitis and exocrine insufficiency but the postprandial time with an acidic pH in the duodenum (pH < 5) and in the stomach (pH < 3) is significantly (P +info)

A double-blind, randomized, multicentre, crossover study to prove equivalence of pancreatin minimicrospheres versus microspheres in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. (3/211)

BACKGROUND: Modern pancreatin preparations consist of enteric-coated microspheres to protect the enzymes from gastric acid. There are, however, no clinical trials comparing different sizes of pancreatin microspheres with regard to fat excretion and fat intake. AIM: To prove both equivalent efficacy and safety of conventional pancreatin microspheres and smaller pancreatin minimicrospheres in patients with exocrine insufficiency due to chronic pancreatitis. METHODS: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicentre, crossover trial, patients with a stool fat excretion of > 7.5 g/day during a placebo period were randomly assigned either to the minimicrosphere/microsphere treatment sequence or vice versa. The primary end-point was the coefficient of fat absorption, which was calculated from fat excretion and fat intake during the course of a standardized diet. Stool weight, clinical symptoms and the safety of the preparations were also evaluated. RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients entered the study, of whom 23 fulfilled the criteria for the crossover period. In the per protocol analysis (n=18), the 90% confidence intervals for the coefficient of fat absorption of both crossover periods lay entirely within the equivalence range (P=0.02). The intention-to-treat analysis revealed similar results, but the equivalence range was slightly missed (P=0.07). Similar results were obtained for the secondary parameters and the reported adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatin minimicrospheres have been shown to be equally effective as microspheres in improving the coefficient of fat absorption in patients with exocrine insufficiency due to chronic pancreatitis.  (+info)

Shwachman-Diamond syndrome: An inherited preleukemic bone marrow failure disorder with aberrant hematopoietic progenitors and faulty marrow microenvironment. (4/211)

Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SD), an inherited disorder with varying cytopenias and a marked tendency for malignant myeloid transformation, is an important model for understanding genetic determinants in hematopoiesis. To define the basis for the faulty hematopoietic function, 13 patients with SD (2 of whom had myelodysplasia with a clonal cytogenetic abnormality) and 11 healthy marrow donors were studied. Patients with SD had significantly lower numbers of CD34(+) cells on bone marrow aspirates. SD CD34(+) cells plated directly in standard clonogenic assays showed markedly impaired colony production potential, underscoring an intrinsically aberrant progenitor population. To assess marrow stromal function, long-term marrow stromal cell cultures (LTCs) were established. Normal marrow CD34(+) cells were plated over either SD stroma (N/SD) or normal stroma (N/N); SD CD34(+) cells were plated over either SD stroma (SD/SD) or normal stroma (SD/N). Nonadherent cells harvested weekly from N/SD LTCs were strikingly reduced compared with N/N LTCs; numbers of granulocyte-monocyte colony-forming units (CFU-GM) derived from N/SD nonadherent cells were also lower. SD/N showed improved production of nonadherent cells and CFU-GM colonies compared with SD/SD, but much less than N/N. Stem-cell and stromal properties from the 2 patients with SD and myelodysplasia did not differ discernibly from SD patients without myelodysplasia. We conclude that in addition to a stem-cell defect, patients with SD have also a serious, generalized marrow dysfunction with an abnormal bone marrow stroma in terms of its ability to support and maintain hematopoiesis. This dual defect exists in SD with and without myelodysplasia.  (+info)

Segregation analysis in Shwachman-Diamond syndrome: evidence for recessive inheritance. (5/211)

Shwachman-Diamond syndrome is a rare disorder of unknown cause. Reports have indicated the occurrence of affected siblings, but formal segregation analysis has not been performed. In families collected for genetic studies, the mean paternal age and mean difference in parental ages were found to be consistent with the general population. We determined estimates of segregation proportion in a cohort of 84 patients with complete sibship data under the assumption of complete ascertainment, using the Li and Mantel estimator, and of single ascertainment with the Davie modification. A third estimate was also computed with the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. All three estimates supported an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, but complete ascertainment was found to be unlikely. Although there are no overt signs of disease in adult carriers (parents), the use of serum trypsinogen levels to indicate exocrine pancreatic dysfunction was evaluated as a potential measure for heterozygote expression. No consistent differences were found in levels between parents and a normal control population. Although genetic heterogeneity cannot be excluded, our results indicate that simulation and genetic analyses of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome should consider a recessive model of inheritance.  (+info)

Advances in gastroenterology and hepatology. (6/211)

This is a review of some of the most important growing points in the specialties of gastroenterology and hepatology. It does not aim to be completely comprehensive but to pick out major areas of importance to examination candidates and doctors without special experience in the field. Topics covered include: upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage; Barrett's oesophagus; carcinoma of the oesophagus; achalasia; Helicobacter pylori; duodenal ulcer prevention; coeliac disease; dermatitis herpetiformis; Crohn's disease; small bowel overgrowth; ulcerative colitis; carcinoma of the large bowel; obesity; endoscope sterilisation; gall stones; liver transplantation; autoimmune liver disease; viral hepatitis; metabolic liver diseases; and pancreatic insufficiency.  (+info)

Increased intestinal phospholipase A(2) activity catalyzed by phospholipase B/lipase in WBN/Kob rats with pancreatic insufficiency. (7/211)

Male WBN/Kob rats derived from the Wistar strain spontaneously develop chronic pancreatitis as late as 3 months old. To assess the degree of disease severity, we compared the lipolytic enzyme levels in pancreas of 2-, 4-, and 6-month-old WBN/Kob rats fed isocaloric no fat (NF) and high fat (HF, 57% of total calories) diets and its pathology. Diet treatment did not significantly affect lipase and group Ib phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) levels in the pancreas at all ages. Development of chronic pancreatitis at the age of 4 and 6 months was consistent with the tendency of decreasing group Ib PLA(2) specific content determined by enzyme immunoassay and lipase activity, and the decreased number of group Ib PLA(2)-positive acinar cells. Pancreatic lipase and group Ib PLA(2) levels of 4-month-old WBN/Kob rats were significantly lower than those of control Wistar rats at age 4 months irrespective of diet. This allowed us to adopt 4-month-old WBN/Kob rats as a model of pancreatic insufficiency, which could be a useful tool to examine the role of gastrointestinal enzymes in lipid digestion. Ca(2+)-independent PLA(2) activity of brush border membrane-associated phospholipase B/lipase (PLB/LIP) in ileal mucosa increased significantly in 4-month-old WBN/Kob rats while its content and transcript levels remained constant, suggesting its activation at the enzyme level. In WBN/Kob rats fed the HF diet at age 4 months, PLA(2) activity catalyzed by PLB/LIP in the proximal ileal mucosa was four times the total PLA(2) activity in the intestinal lumen. These results indicate that PLB/LIP compensates for the depletion of pancreatic lipolytic enzymes in WBN/Kob rats with pancreas insufficiency.  (+info)

Cytogenetic characterization of acute myeloid leukemia in Shwachman's syndrome. A case report. (8/211)

We report on a case of acute myeloid leukemia in a 17-year old boy affected by Shwachman Diamond syndrome (SDS). Conventional cytogenetics at diagnosis revealed an abnormal clone with complex karyotypic changes including typical myeloid aberrations, such as monosomy 5, tetrasomy of chromosome 8, trisomy 9, and deletion of the short arm of chromosome 12. The boy was treated with conventional chemotherapy and reached complete remission of leukemia, confirmed by cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Nevertheless he failed to regenerate normal marrow cellularity and blood cell count. Cytogenetic information on hematologic malignancies in SDS patients are discussed.  (+info)

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is a condition characterized by the reduced ability to digest and absorb nutrients due to a lack of digestive enzymes produced by the exocrine glands in the pancreas. These enzymes, including lipases, amylases, and proteases, are necessary for breaking down fats, carbohydrates, and proteins in food during the digestion process.

When EPI occurs, undigested food passes through the gastrointestinal tract, leading to malabsorption of nutrients, which can result in various symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, weight loss, and steatorrhea (fatty stools). EPI is often associated with chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, pancreatic cancer, or other conditions that damage the exocrine glands in the pancreas.

EPI can be diagnosed through various tests, including fecal elastase testing, fecal fat quantification, and imaging studies to assess the structure and function of the pancreas. Treatment typically involves replacing the missing enzymes with oral supplements taken with meals and snacks to improve digestion and absorption of nutrients. In addition, dietary modifications and management of underlying conditions are essential for optimal outcomes.

Pancreatin is a mixture of digestive enzymes, including amylase, lipase, and proteases, naturally produced by the pancreas in humans and other mammals. These enzymes aid in the digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, respectively, in the small intestine. Pancreatin is often used as a replacement therapy for individuals with conditions like cystic fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis, or pancreatectomy, who have impaired pancreatic function and struggle to digest food properly. It can be obtained from animal pancreases, typically from pigs, and is available in various forms such as tablets, capsules, or powders for medical use.

Pancrelipase is a prescription medication that contains a combination of three enzymes (lipases, proteases, and amylases) that are normally produced by the pancreas. These enzymes help break down fats, proteins, and carbohydrates in food so that they can be absorbed into the intestines.

Pancrelipase is used to replace these enzymes when a person's pancreas is not able to produce enough of them due to conditions such as cystic fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis, or pancreatectomy. By taking pancrelipase with meals and snacks, people with these conditions can improve their digestion and absorption of nutrients from food.

It is important to note that pancrelipase should be taken under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as improper use or dosage can lead to serious side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and constipation.

Pancreatic extracts are preparations that contain digestive enzymes derived from the pancreas. These enzymes, including amylase, lipase, and trypsin, help in the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, respectively, during the digestion process. Pancreatic extracts are often used in medical treatments, such as replacing deficient pancreatic enzymes in individuals with conditions like cystic fibrosis or chronic pancreatitis to improve their nutrient absorption and overall digestive health.

Pancreatic function tests are a group of medical tests that are used to assess the functionality and health of the pancreas. The pancreas is a vital organ located in the abdomen, which has two main functions: an exocrine function, where it releases digestive enzymes into the small intestine to help break down food; and an endocrine function, where it produces hormones such as insulin and glucagon that regulate blood sugar levels.

Pancreatic function tests typically involve measuring the levels of digestive enzymes in the blood or stool, or assessing the body's ability to digest and absorb certain nutrients. Some common pancreatic function tests include:

1. Serum amylase and lipase tests: These tests measure the levels of digestive enzymes called amylase and lipase in the blood. Elevated levels of these enzymes may indicate pancreatitis or other conditions affecting the pancreas.
2. Fecal elastase test: This test measures the level of elastase, an enzyme produced by the pancreas, in a stool sample. Low levels of elastase may indicate exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), a condition where the pancreas is not producing enough digestive enzymes.
3. Secretin stimulation test: This test involves administering a medication called secretin, which stimulates the pancreas to release digestive enzymes. The levels of these enzymes are then measured in the blood or duodenum (the first part of the small intestine).
4. Fat absorption tests: These tests involve measuring the amount of fat that is absorbed from a meal. High levels of fat in the stool may indicate EPI.
5. Glucose tolerance test: This test involves measuring blood sugar levels after consuming a sugary drink. Low levels of insulin or high levels of glucose may indicate diabetes or other endocrine disorders affecting the pancreas.

Overall, pancreatic function tests are important tools for diagnosing and monitoring conditions that affect the pancreas, such as pancreatitis, EPI, and diabetes.

Pancreatic diseases refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the structure and function of the pancreas, a vital organ located in the abdomen. The pancreas has two main functions: an exocrine function, which involves the production of digestive enzymes that help break down food in the small intestine, and an endocrine function, which involves the production of hormones such as insulin and glucagon that regulate blood sugar levels.

Pancreatic diseases can be broadly classified into two categories: inflammatory and non-inflammatory. Inflammatory pancreatic diseases include conditions such as acute pancreatitis, which is characterized by sudden inflammation of the pancreas, and chronic pancreatitis, which is a long-term inflammation that can lead to scarring and loss of function.

Non-inflammatory pancreatic diseases include conditions such as pancreatic cancer, which is a malignant tumor that can arise from the cells of the pancreas, and benign tumors such as cysts or adenomas. Other non-inflammatory conditions include pancreatic insufficiency, which can occur when the pancreas does not produce enough digestive enzymes, and diabetes mellitus, which can result from impaired insulin production or action.

Overall, pancreatic diseases can have serious consequences on a person's health and quality of life, and early diagnosis and treatment are essential for optimal outcomes.

The exocrine portion of the pancreas refers to the part that releases digestive enzymes into the duodenum, which is the first section of the small intestine. These enzymes help in the breakdown of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates in food, enabling their absorption and utilization by the body.

The exocrine pancreas is made up of acinar cells that cluster together to form acini (singular: acinus), which are small sac-like structures. When stimulated by hormones such as secretin and cholecystokinin, these acinar cells release digestive enzymes like amylase, lipase, and trypsin into a network of ducts that ultimately merge into the main pancreatic duct. This duct then joins the common bile duct, which carries bile from the liver and gallbladder, before emptying into the duodenum.

It is important to note that the pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions. The endocrine portion of the pancreas consists of the islets of Langerhans, which release hormones like insulin and glucagon directly into the bloodstream, regulating blood sugar levels.

Hyperostosis is a medical term that refers to an excessive growth or abnormal thickening of bone tissue. It can occur as a result of various conditions, such as inflammation, injury, or genetic disorders. The extra bone growth can cause pain, stiffness, and limited mobility in the affected area. In some cases, hyperostosis can also lead to deformities and other complications.

There are several types of hyperostosis, including:

1. Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH): This is a condition that affects the spine, causing calcification and stiffening of the ligaments and bone spurs to form along the edges of the vertebrae. It is often asymptomatic but can cause pain and stiffness in some cases.
2. Flat bone hyperostosis: This type of hyperostosis affects the flat bones of the body, such as the skull, ribs, and pelvis. It can be caused by various conditions, including Paget's disease, fibrous dysplasia, and certain types of cancer.
3. Focal hyperostosis: This refers to localized areas of bone overgrowth that can occur in response to injury, infection, or inflammation. Examples include heterotopic ossification (the formation of bone in soft tissues) and Freiberg's infarction (a condition that affects the joint surface of the metatarsal bones in the foot).
4. Hyperostosis frontalis interna: This is a benign condition that causes thickening of the inner table of the frontal bone in the skull. It is more common in women and often asymptomatic but can cause headaches and other symptoms in some cases.

Treatment for hyperostosis depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. In some cases, no treatment may be necessary. However, if the condition causes pain or limits mobility, various treatments may be recommended, such as medication, physical therapy, or surgery.

The pancreas is a glandular organ located in the abdomen, posterior to the stomach. It has both exocrine and endocrine functions. The exocrine portion of the pancreas consists of acinar cells that produce and secrete digestive enzymes into the duodenum via the pancreatic duct. These enzymes help in the breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats in food.

The endocrine portion of the pancreas consists of clusters of cells called islets of Langerhans, which include alpha, beta, delta, and F cells. These cells produce and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, including insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide. Insulin and glucagon are critical regulators of blood sugar levels, with insulin promoting glucose uptake and storage in tissues and glucagon stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to raise blood glucose when it is low.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the lungs and digestive system. It is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, which regulates the movement of salt and water in and out of cells. When this gene is not functioning properly, thick, sticky mucus builds up in various organs, leading to a range of symptoms.

In the lungs, this mucus can clog the airways, making it difficult to breathe and increasing the risk of lung infections. Over time, lung damage can occur, which may lead to respiratory failure. In the digestive system, the thick mucus can prevent the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas, impairing nutrient absorption and leading to malnutrition. CF can also affect the reproductive system, liver, and other organs.

Symptoms of cystic fibrosis may include persistent coughing, wheezing, lung infections, difficulty gaining weight, greasy stools, and frequent greasy diarrhea. The severity of the disease can vary significantly among individuals, depending on the specific genetic mutations they have inherited.

Currently, there is no cure for cystic fibrosis, but treatments are available to help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. These may include airway clearance techniques, medications to thin mucus, antibiotics to treat infections, enzyme replacement therapy, and a high-calorie, high-fat diet. Lung transplantation is an option for some individuals with advanced lung disease.

Gastrointestinal agents are a class of pharmaceutical drugs that affect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which includes the organs involved in digestion such as the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. These agents can have various effects on the GI tract, including:

1. Increasing gastric motility (promoting bowel movements) - laxatives, prokinetics
2. Decreasing gastric motility (reducing bowel movements) - antidiarrheal agents
3. Neutralizing gastric acid - antacids
4. Reducing gastric acid secretion - H2-blockers, proton pump inhibitors
5. Protecting the mucosal lining of the GI tract - sucralfate, misoprostol
6. Relieving symptoms associated with GI disorders such as bloating, abdominal pain, and nausea - antispasmodics, antiemetics

Examples of gastrointestinal agents include:

* Laxatives (e.g., psyllium, docusate)
* Prokinetics (e.g., metoclopramide)
* Antacids (e.g., calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide)
* H2-blockers (e.g., ranitidine, famotidine)
* Proton pump inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole, lansoprazole)
* Sucralfate
* Misoprostol
* Antispasmodics (e.g., hyoscyamine, dicyclomine)
* Antiemetics (e.g., ondansetron, promethazine)

It is important to note that gastrointestinal agents can have both therapeutic and adverse effects, and their use should be based on a careful evaluation of the patient's condition and medical history.

Lipomatosis is a medical term that refers to a condition characterized by the abnormal growth of fatty tumors (lipomas) in various parts of the body. These lipomas are benign, soft, and rubbery masses made up of adipose or fatty tissue. Unlike isolated lipomas, which occur as solitary lumps under the skin, lipomatosis is a more widespread condition where multiple lipomas develop in a diffuse pattern, affecting a particular region or area of the body.

There are different types of lipomatosis, including:

1. Diffuse Lipomatosis: This type involves the growth of numerous small lipomas distributed throughout the subcutaneous tissue, giving the affected area a doughy feel and appearance.
2. Adiposis Dolorosa or Dercum's Disease: A rare condition characterized by painful and tender lipomas typically found in the trunk, arms, and legs. It primarily affects middle-aged women and can be accompanied by other systemic symptoms like fatigue, memory problems, and depression.
3. Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis (MSL) or Madelung's Disease: This condition predominantly affects middle-aged men, particularly those with a history of alcohol abuse. It is characterized by the growth of large, symmetrical lipomas around the neck, shoulders, and upper trunk, leading to a "horse collar" appearance.
4. Familial Multiple Lipomatosis: An inherited condition where multiple benign fatty tumors develop in various parts of the body, usually appearing during adulthood. It tends to run in families with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.

Treatment for lipomatosis typically involves surgical removal of the lipomas if they cause discomfort, limit mobility, or negatively impact a person's appearance. Regular monitoring and follow-up appointments with healthcare professionals are essential to ensure that no malignant changes occur in the lipomas over time.

Lipase is an enzyme that is produced by the pancreas and found in the digestive system of most organisms. Its primary function is to catalyze the hydrolysis of fats (triglycerides) into smaller molecules, such as fatty acids and glycerol, which can then be absorbed by the intestines and utilized for energy or stored for later use.

In medical terms, lipase levels in the blood are often measured to diagnose or monitor conditions that affect the pancreas, such as pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), pancreatic cancer, or cystic fibrosis. Elevated lipase levels may indicate damage to the pancreas and its ability to produce digestive enzymes.

Pancreatitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the pancreas, a gland located in the abdomen that plays a crucial role in digestion and regulating blood sugar levels. The inflammation can be acute (sudden and severe) or chronic (persistent and recurring), and it can lead to various complications if left untreated.

Acute pancreatitis often results from gallstones or excessive alcohol consumption, while chronic pancreatitis may be caused by long-term alcohol abuse, genetic factors, autoimmune conditions, or metabolic disorders like high triglyceride levels. Symptoms of acute pancreatitis include severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and increased heart rate, while chronic pancreatitis may present with ongoing abdominal pain, weight loss, diarrhea, and malabsorption issues due to impaired digestive enzyme production. Treatment typically involves supportive care, such as intravenous fluids, pain management, and addressing the underlying cause. In severe cases, hospitalization and surgery may be necessary.

Pancreatic elastase is a type of elastase that is specifically produced by the pancreas. It is an enzyme that helps in digesting proteins found in the food we eat. Pancreatic elastase breaks down elastin, a protein that provides elasticity to tissues and organs in the body.

In clinical practice, pancreatic elastase is often measured in stool samples as a diagnostic tool to assess exocrine pancreatic function. Low levels of pancreatic elastase in stool may indicate malabsorption or exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, which can be caused by various conditions such as chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, or pancreatic cancer.

Bone marrow diseases, also known as hematologic disorders, are conditions that affect the production and function of blood cells in the bone marrow. The bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside bones where all blood cells are produced. There are various types of bone marrow diseases, including:

1. Leukemia: A cancer of the blood-forming tissues, including the bone marrow. Leukemia causes the body to produce large numbers of abnormal white blood cells, which can crowd out healthy blood cells and impair their function.
2. Lymphoma: A cancer that starts in the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune system. Lymphoma can affect the bone marrow and cause an overproduction of abnormal white blood cells.
3. Multiple myeloma: A cancer of the plasma cells, a type of white blood cell found in the bone marrow. Multiple myeloma causes an overproduction of abnormal plasma cells, which can lead to bone pain, fractures, and other complications.
4. Aplastic anemia: A condition in which the bone marrow does not produce enough new blood cells. This can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and an increased risk of infection.
5. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS): A group of disorders in which the bone marrow does not produce enough healthy blood cells. MDS can lead to anemia, infections, and bleeding.
6. Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs): A group of disorders in which the bone marrow produces too many abnormal white or red blood cells, or platelets. MPNs can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, itching, and an increased risk of blood clots.

Treatment for bone marrow diseases depends on the specific condition and its severity. Treatment options may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplantation, or targeted therapies that target specific genetic mutations.

There is no medical definition for "dog diseases" as it is too broad a term. However, dogs can suffer from various health conditions and illnesses that are specific to their species or similar to those found in humans. Some common categories of dog diseases include:

1. Infectious Diseases: These are caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Examples include distemper, parvovirus, kennel cough, Lyme disease, and heartworms.
2. Hereditary/Genetic Disorders: Some dogs may inherit certain genetic disorders from their parents. Examples include hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), and degenerative myelopathy.
3. Age-Related Diseases: As dogs age, they become more susceptible to various health issues. Common age-related diseases in dogs include arthritis, dental disease, cancer, and cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS).
4. Nutritional Disorders: Malnutrition or improper feeding can lead to various health problems in dogs. Examples include obesity, malnutrition, and vitamin deficiencies.
5. Environmental Diseases: These are caused by exposure to environmental factors such as toxins, allergens, or extreme temperatures. Examples include heatstroke, frostbite, and toxicities from ingesting harmful substances.
6. Neurological Disorders: Dogs can suffer from various neurological conditions that affect their nervous system. Examples include epilepsy, intervertebral disc disease (IVDD), and vestibular disease.
7. Behavioral Disorders: Some dogs may develop behavioral issues due to various factors such as anxiety, fear, or aggression. Examples include separation anxiety, noise phobias, and resource guarding.

It's important to note that regular veterinary care, proper nutrition, exercise, and preventative measures can help reduce the risk of many dog diseases.

Feces are the solid or semisolid remains of food that could not be digested or absorbed in the small intestine, along with bacteria and other waste products. After being stored in the colon, feces are eliminated from the body through the rectum and anus during defecation. Feces can vary in color, consistency, and odor depending on a person's diet, health status, and other factors.

Isoamylase is not a medical term per se, but rather a biochemical term used to describe an enzyme. Medically, it may be relevant in the context of certain medical conditions or treatments that involve carbohydrate metabolism. Here's a general definition:

Isoamylase (EC 3.2.1.68) is a type of amylase, a group of enzymes that break down complex carbohydrates, specifically starch and glycogen, into simpler sugars. Isoamylase is more precisely defined as an enzyme that hydrolyzes (breaks down) alpha-1,6 glucosidic bonds in isomaltose, panose, and dextrins, yielding mainly isomaltose and limit dextrin. It is found in various organisms, including bacteria, fungi, and plants. In humans, isoamylase is involved in the digestion of starch in the small intestine, where it helps convert complex carbohydrates into glucose for energy absorption.

Steatorrhea is a medical condition characterized by the excessive amount of fat in stools, which can make them appear greasy, frothy, and foul-smelling. This occurs due to poor absorption of dietary fats in the intestines, a process called malabsorption. The most common causes of steatorrhea include conditions that affect the pancreas, such as cystic fibrosis or chronic pancreatitis, celiac disease, and other gastrointestinal disorders. Symptoms associated with steatorrhea may include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, weight loss, and vitamin deficiencies due to malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K). The diagnosis typically involves testing stool samples for fat content and further investigations to determine the underlying cause. Treatment is focused on addressing the underlying condition and providing dietary modifications to manage symptoms.

Exocrine glands are a type of gland in the human body that produce and release substances through ducts onto an external or internal surface. These glands are responsible for secreting various substances such as enzymes, hormones, and lubricants that help in digestion, protection, and other bodily functions.

Exocrine glands can be further classified into three types based on their mode of secretion:

1. Merocrine glands: These glands release their secretions by exocytosis, where the secretory product is enclosed in a vesicle that fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents outside the cell. Examples include sweat glands and mucous glands.
2. Apocrine glands: These glands release their secretions by pinching off a portion of the cytoplasm along with the secretory product. An example is the apocrine sweat gland found in the armpits and genital area.
3. Holocrine glands: These glands release their secretions by disintegrating and releasing the entire cell, including its organelles and secretory products. An example is the sebaceous gland found in the skin, which releases an oily substance called sebum.

Intestinal secretions refer to the fluids and electrolytes that are released by the cells lining the small intestine in response to various stimuli. These secretions play a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients from food. The major components of intestinal secretions include water, electrolytes (such as sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, and potassium), and enzymes that help break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

The small intestine secretes these substances in response to hormonal signals, neural stimulation, and the presence of food in the lumen of the intestine. The secretion of water and electrolytes helps maintain the proper hydration and pH of the intestinal contents, while the enzymes facilitate the breakdown of nutrients into smaller molecules that can be absorbed across the intestinal wall.

Abnormalities in intestinal secretions can lead to various gastrointestinal disorders, such as diarrhea, malabsorption, and inflammatory bowel disease.

Malabsorption syndromes refer to a group of disorders in which the small intestine is unable to properly absorb nutrients from food, leading to various gastrointestinal and systemic symptoms. This can result from a variety of underlying conditions, including:

1. Mucosal damage: Conditions such as celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or bacterial overgrowth that cause damage to the lining of the small intestine, impairing nutrient absorption.
2. Pancreatic insufficiency: A lack of digestive enzymes produced by the pancreas can lead to poor breakdown and absorption of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Examples include chronic pancreatitis or cystic fibrosis.
3. Bile acid deficiency: Insufficient bile acids, which are necessary for fat emulsification and absorption, can result in steatorrhea (fatty stools) and malabsorption. This may occur due to liver dysfunction, gallbladder removal, or ileal resection.
4. Motility disorders: Abnormalities in small intestine motility can affect nutrient absorption, as seen in conditions like gastroparesis, intestinal pseudo-obstruction, or scleroderma.
5. Structural abnormalities: Congenital or acquired structural defects of the small intestine, such as short bowel syndrome, may lead to malabsorption.
6. Infections: Certain bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections can cause transient malabsorption by damaging the intestinal mucosa or altering gut flora.

Symptoms of malabsorption syndromes may include diarrhea, steatorrhea, bloating, abdominal cramps, weight loss, and nutrient deficiencies. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, radiologic imaging, and sometimes endoscopic procedures to identify the underlying cause. Treatment is focused on addressing the specific etiology and providing supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications.

The Intrinsic Factor is a glycoprotein secreted by the parietal cells in the stomach lining. It plays an essential role in the absorption of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) in the small intestine. After binding with vitamin B12, the intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 complex moves through the digestive tract and gets absorbed in the ileum region of the small intestine. Deficiency in Intrinsic Factor can lead to Vitamin B12 deficiency disorders like pernicious anemia.

Amylases are enzymes that break down complex carbohydrates, such as starch and glycogen, into simpler sugars like maltose, glucose, and maltotriose. There are several types of amylases found in various organisms, including humans.

In humans, amylases are produced by the pancreas and salivary glands. Pancreatic amylase is released into the small intestine where it helps to digest dietary carbohydrates. Salivary amylase, also known as alpha-amylase, is secreted into the mouth and begins breaking down starches in food during chewing.

Deficiency or absence of amylases can lead to difficulties in digesting carbohydrates and may cause symptoms such as bloating, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Elevated levels of amylase in the blood may indicate conditions such as pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, or other disorders affecting the pancreas.

Adrenal insufficiency is a condition in which the adrenal glands do not produce adequate amounts of certain hormones, primarily cortisol and aldosterone. Cortisol helps regulate metabolism, respond to stress, and suppress inflammation, while aldosterone helps regulate sodium and potassium levels in the body to maintain blood pressure.

Primary adrenal insufficiency, also known as Addison's disease, occurs when there is damage to the adrenal glands themselves, often due to autoimmune disorders, infections, or certain medications. Secondary adrenal insufficiency occurs when the pituitary gland fails to produce enough adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol.

Symptoms of adrenal insufficiency may include fatigue, weakness, weight loss, decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, low blood pressure, dizziness, and darkening of the skin. Treatment typically involves replacing the missing hormones with medications taken orally or by injection.

The Schilling test is a medical procedure that was used to diagnose pernicious anemia and malabsorption of vitamin B12. The test measures the body's ability to absorb vitamin B12 from food or supplements.

In the test, the patient is given a small amount of radioactive vitamin B12 to swallow. After a set period of time, a urine sample is collected and measured for the amount of radioactivity present. If the body has properly absorbed the vitamin B12, it will be excreted in the urine.

If the test shows that the patient is not absorbing enough vitamin B12, they may have pernicious anemia or another condition that affects vitamin B12 absorption. The Schilling test has largely been replaced by other diagnostic tests, such as blood tests for anti-intrinsic factor antibodies and parietal cell antibodies.

4-Aminobenzoic acid, also known as PABA or para-aminobenzoic acid, is an organic compound that is a type of aromatic amino carboxylic acid. It is a white, crystalline powder that is slightly soluble in water and more soluble in alcohol.

4-Aminobenzoic acid is not an essential amino acid for humans, but it is a component of the vitamin folic acid and is found in various foods such as meat, whole grains, and molasses. It has been used as a topical sunscreen due to its ability to absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation, although its effectiveness as a sunscreen ingredient has been called into question in recent years.

In addition to its use in sunscreens, 4-aminobenzoic acid has been studied for its potential health benefits, including its possible role in protecting against UV-induced skin damage and its potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. However, more research is needed to confirm these potential benefits and to determine the safety and effectiveness of 4-aminobenzoic acid as a dietary supplement or topical treatment.

The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine, immediately following the stomach. It is a C-shaped structure that is about 10-12 inches long and is responsible for continuing the digestion process that begins in the stomach. The duodenum receives partially digested food from the stomach through the pyloric valve and mixes it with digestive enzymes and bile produced by the pancreas and liver, respectively. These enzymes help break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates into smaller molecules, allowing for efficient absorption in the remaining sections of the small intestine.

... (EPI) is the inability to properly digest food due to a lack or reduction of digestive ... EPI is caused by a progressive loss of the pancreatic cells that make digestive enzymes. Loss of digestive enzymes leads to ...
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency "Pancreatitis". niddk.nih.gov. August 16, 2012. Archived from the original on 7 March 2015. ... In chronic pancreatitis, the fecal pancreatic elastase-1 (FPE-1) test is a marker of exocrine pancreatic function. Additional ... Chronic pancreatitis can lead to diabetes or pancreatic cancer. Unexplained weight loss may occur from a lack of pancreatic ... Less common causes include pancreatic cancer, pancreatic duct stones, vasculitis (inflammation of the small blood vessels in ...
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency can be caused by chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis and pancreatic cancer (if it obstructs ... Possible causes include exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, with poor digestion from lack of lipases, loss of bile salts, which ... Lindkvist B (2013). "Diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency". World J. Gastroenterol. (Review). 19 (42): ... to detect possible fat maldigestion due to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, or various specific tests to detect other causes ...
Sankararaman, Senthilkumar; Schindler, Teresa; Sferra, Thomas J. (2019). "Management of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in ...
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency "Chronic pancreatitis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". www.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2015-11- ... causing chronic pancreatitis and probably pancreatic cancer with damage of pancreatic islands with Type 3c (pancreatogenic) ... Obstruction of the pancreatic duct because of either a benign or malignant process may result in chronic pancreatitis. The ... On CT scan, pancreatic and bile duct dilatation, atrophy of pancreas, multiple calcifications of the pancreas, and enlargement ...
EWSR1 Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, dyserythropoietic anemia, and calvarial hyperostosis; 612714; COX4I2 Exostoses, ... KRT16 Pancreatic agenesis; 260370; IPF1 Pancreatic cancer; 260350; TP53 Pancreatic cancer; 613347; BRCA2 Pancreatic cancer/ ... adrenal insufficiency, and red hair due to POMC deficiency; 609734; POMC Obesity, autosomal dominant; 601665; MC4R Obesity, ... REN Renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia; 208540; NPHP3 Renpenning syndrome; 309500; PQBP1 Restrictive dermopathy, lethal; 275210 ...
"Genetic welfare problems of companion animals - Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency". Universities Federation for Animal Welfare ... and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), a degenerative disease of the pancreas. It is estimated that 1% of the UK ... Treatment is usually provided in the form of pancreatic supplements taken with food. Musculoskeletal disorders are debilitating ...
Pancrelipases are generally a first line approach in treatment of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and other digestive ... others with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency". News & Events, FDA News Release. Retrieved July 20, 2014. Adams B (12 March ... in patients with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency due to chronic pancreatitis--a double-blind, placebo-controlled study". ... "Properties of different pancreatin preparations used in pancreatic exocrine insufficiency". European Journal of ...
Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency is treated with pancreatic enzymes such as Kreon. Some patients take magnesium ... Most of those who develop diabetes show atrophy of the entire pancreas, with mild or subclinical deficiency of exocrine as well ... where it contributes to differentiation of pancreatic endocrine Ngn3+ cell progenitors from non-endocrine embryonic duct cells ... as endocrine function.[citation needed] The non-pancreatic manifestations are even more variable. Kidney and genitourinary ...
... where secretion of pancreatic juice and related enzymes occurs), pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in Johanson-Blizzard ... The most prominent effect of Johanson-Blizzard syndrome is pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. Varying degrees of decreased ... Pancreatic insufficiency and malabsorption can be managed with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, such as pancrelipase ... necrosis and fibrosis of the pancreatic acini (clusters of pancreatic exocrine gland tissue, ...
Some of which identified are: Pancreatic disease Pancreatic resection Chronic pancreatitis (caused by exocrine insufficiency, ... Diabetes mellitus Pancreatitis Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes Ewald, Nils; Hardt, Philip D ... People with Type 3c diabetes typically also have symptoms of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, which include: Abdominal pain, ... Oral pancreatic enzymes may be given. Maintaining sufficient levels of vitamin D can also reduce symptoms and help manage the ...
Cats with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, moreso than dogs, may have low serum folate. In dog breeds at risk for cleft lip ... Chronically insufficient intake of folate may increase the risk of colorectal, breast, ovarian, pancreatic, brain, lung, ...
Pancreatitis can result in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, if the organ's acinar cells are permanently damaged; the ... Canine Exocrine Pancreatic Disease. In Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC (eds): Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Diseases of the ... "Control of Pancreatic Exocrine Secretion". Colorado State University School of Veterinary Medicine. Archived from the original ... "Exocrine Sections of the Pancreas". Colorado State University School of Veterinary Medicine. Archived from the original on 14 ...
It has, thus, been proposed that a possible treatment option for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency would be enzyme replacement ... Quantitation of enzyme activity in the upper small intestine of patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency". The Journal ... chance of additionally experiencing the effects of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. In the most extreme cases, these patients ... which can be attributed to low pancreatic lipase activity. Furthermore, milk fat is not a good substrate for pancreatic lipase ...
Main indications: Diagnosis/exclusion of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency caused by e.g. Chronic Pancreatitis, Cystic Fibrosis ... 100 μg elastase/g stool indicate exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. EntrezGene 1990 Rose SD, MacDonald RJ (June 1997). " ... Therefore, its concentration in feces reflects exocrine pancreatic function. During an inflammation of the pancreas, E1 is ... In fact, pancreatic elastase is expressed in basal layers of epidermis (at protein level). Hence pancreatic elastase 1 has been ...
Liprotamase (Sollpura), Anthera's leading drug candidate which is being developed for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) ... "Anthera Pharmaceuticals Announces Acquisition of Sollpura® (liprotamase) for Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency From Eli Lilly ... "Anthera Pharmaceuticals Announces Acquisition of Sollpura® (liprotamase) for Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency From Eli Lilly ... that uses three biotechnology-derived digestive enzymes intended to treat patients with endocrine pancreatic insufficiency as a ...
Shteyer E, Saada A, Shaag A, Al-Hijawi FA, Kidess R, Revel-Vilk S, Elpeleg O (March 2009). "Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, ... Mutations in COX4I2 have been associated with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, dyserythropoietic anemia, and calvarial ... Mutations in COX4I2 have been associated with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, dyserythropoeitic anemia, and calvarial ... Characteristics of this disease include pancreatic insufficiency, intestinal malabsorption, failure to thrive, and anemia soon ...
Malabsorption can have many causes ranging from infection, to enzyme deficiencies such as exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. It ... Aqueous pancreatic secretions from pancreatic duct cells contain bicarbonate ions which are alkaline and help with the bile to ... It connects to the duodenum via the pancreatic duct which it joins near to the bile duct's connection where both the bile and ... The main glands are all exocrine glands, secreting via ducts. All of these glands terminate in the mouth. The largest of these ...
Exocrine pancreatic dysfunction: Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency arises due to a lack of acinar cells that produce digestive ... Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency may be treated through pancreatic enzyme supplementation, while severe skeletal abnormalities ... After cystic fibrosis (CF), it is the second most common cause of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in children. It is ... is a rare congenital disorder characterized by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, bone marrow dysfunction, skeletal and cardiac ...
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is the inability to properly digest food due to a lack of digestive enzymes made by the ... a lack of insulin production due to destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Current research indicates no evidence of type 2 ...
... syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder with clinical features that include pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, ...
In the last year of his life, he endured diarrheas, caused either by cor pulmonale or by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (see ... causing right-heart insufficiency, and bronchiectasis, manifesting in productive cough and respiratory failure. A 20-year ...
... is a peptide used as a screening test for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and to monitor the adequacy of ... "New substrates for a pancreatic exocrine function test". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 15 (11): 1098. doi:10.1021/jm00281a002 ... It is broken down by the pancreatic enzyme chymotrypsin, yielding p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). The amount of PABA and its ... supplemental pancreatic therapy. Bentiromide is not available in the United States or Canada; it was withdrawn in the US in ...
Other pancreatic diseases include diabetes mellitus, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, cystic fibrosis, pseudocysts, cysts, ... Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is the inability to properly digest food due to a lack of digestive enzymes made by the ... Pancreatic tumors (masses) including pancreatic cancer Serous cystadenoma of the pancreas Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm ... A pancreatic pseudocyst is a circumscribed collection of fluid rich in amylase and other pancreatic enzymes, blood and necrotic ...
minimicrospheres (Creon 25000 MMS) for pancreatic exocrine insufficiency after pancreatic surgery, with a 1-year open-label ... Prevalence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in type 2 diabetes mellitus with poor glycemic control, PANCREATOLOGY 14: (5) ... Czako L, Hegyi P, Rakonczay Z Jr, Wittmann T, Otsuki M: Interactions between the endocrine and exocrine pancreas and their ... Endoscopy Hungarian Endosonography Club International Association of Pancreatology European Pancreatic Club American Pancreatic ...
Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency can interfere with normal dissociation of vitamin B12 from its binding proteins in the small ... Guéant JL, Champigneulle B, Gaucher P, Nicolas JP (1990). "Malabsorption of vitamin B12 in pancreatic insufficiency of the ... In the less acidic environment of the small intestine, pancreatic enzymes digest the glycoprotein carrier and vitamin B12 can ...
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency occurs in the majority (85-90%) of patients with CF.: 1253 It is mainly associated with " ... Treatment of pancreatic insufficiency by replacement of missing digestive enzymes allows the duodenum to properly absorb ... sufficient pancreatic exocrine function is still present so that enzyme supplementation is not required.: 1253 Usually, no ... A pancreatic or liver transplant may be performed at the same time to alleviate liver disease and/or diabetes. Lung ...
... or sustain convergence Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), the inability to properly digest food due to a lack of ... Insufficiency may refer to: Aortic insufficiency (AI), also known as aortic regurgitation (AR), the leaking of the aortic valve ... mostly located on the lateral surface of the ankle or the distal digits Chronic venous insufficiency or CVI is a medical ... a temporary set of symptoms due to decreased blood flow in the posterior circulation of the brain Adrenal insufficiency, a ...
This generally results from pancreatic exocrine insufficiency but can also occur with severe small bowel disease i.e. celiac ...
Fecal Elastase 1 ELISA For Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency: Comparison With ERCP-Morphology And Fecal Fat Excretion [1] ... Levels of fecal elastase lower than 200 μg / g of stool indicate an exocrine insufficiency. Correlations between low levels and ... Results of this test can give a good indication of exocrine pancreatic status, and the test is less invasive and expensive than ... diagnostic value for exocrine pancreatic status". Clin Biochem. 37 (9): 758-763. doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2004.03.010. PMID ...
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is the inability to properly digest food due to a lack or reduction of digestive ... EPI is caused by a progressive loss of the pancreatic cells that make digestive enzymes. Loss of digestive enzymes leads to ...
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) symptoms are stressful, and stress can make your condition worse. Find out how to cut ... "State of anxiety may be associated with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in functional dyspepsia patients with pancreatic ... Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) shouldnt keep you from eating out, so long as you plan ahead, eat right, and bring ... How Stress Affects Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI). You know with EPI, your pancreas isnt making enough digestive ...
... is a condition characterized by deficiency of the exocrine pancreatic enzymes, resulting in the inability to digest food ... The etiology of this deficiency includes both pancreatic and nonpancreatic causes (see Etiology). ... Fast Five Quiz: Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Management * Fast Five Quiz: Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Presentation ... encoded search term (Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency) and Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency What to Read Next on Medscape ...
A lack of digestive enzymes causes exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). People with pancreatitis and cystic fibrosis are ... What causes exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)?. The pancreas is part of your digestive system. It makes enzymes that aid ... What causes exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) in adults?. Chronic pancreatitis is the main cause of EPI in adults. As ... What causes exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) in children?. Cystic fibrosis is the top cause of EPI in infants and ...
If you have exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, there may be more you can do to manage the condition. Use these tips to shore up ... The Consumers Guide to Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy (PERT). Do You Have Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency or ... Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is a condition in which the pancreas doesnt produce enough digestive enzymes. It can ... Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency. 7 Healthy Habits to Manage EPI. While dietary changes and enzyme replacement therapy are the ...
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), however, is a condition in wh ... A Daily Meal Plan for Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency - The digestive enzymes your body needs to break down food and ... 5 Symptoms of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency ( EPI). *. 5 Ways to Prevent Pancreatitis and Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency ... Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), however, is a condition in which the pancreas produces insufficient amounts of these ...
... Study Abstract. ... Background: Methods for evaluation of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) are expensive, labor intensive, and not available ... Serum nutritional markers for prediction of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in chronic pancreatitis. ... Serum nutritional markers for prediction of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in chronic pancreatitis. ...
... exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was observed to occur in the 85% to 90% of patients with cystic fibrosis in 2013. Pancreatic ... Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is an inability of proper digestion of food owing to insufficient levels of digestive ... Some of the key players operated in the exocrine pancreatic insufficiency market are Axcan, Aptalis Pharma, Inc., Eli Lilly & ... Detailed study of the strategies of key leaders, partnerships and acquisitions in the Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency market ...
How much do you know about exocrine pancreatic insufficiency? Test your knowledge with this quick quiz. ... Fast Five Quiz: Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Management * Fast Five Quiz: Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Presentation ... Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is most commonly associated with diseases of the exocrine pancreas and is a frequent late- ... Practical Approaches Along the Pathway of Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency 0.25 CME Credits Clinical Case ...
How much do you know about managing pancreatic insufficiency? Test your knowledge with this quick quiz. ... Fast Five Quiz: Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Management * Fast Five Quiz: Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Signs and ... Fast Five Quiz: Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency * Fast Five Quiz: Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Presentation and ... Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is characterized by maldigestion - an inability to digest food properly. Causes of EPI ...
... enterically-coated pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy when administered to patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency ... We are most grateful for their commitment to our shared hope of developing new treatments for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency ... The study enrolled subjects with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency due to cystic fibrosis who were well controlled on stable ... Anthera Announces the Phase 3 SOLUTION Study with Sollpuraâ„¢ in Cystic Fibrosis Patients with Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency ...
Understanding Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency can lead to digestive problems:. Abdominal ... The symptoms of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency vary depending on the severity, so if you notice any problems such as loose ... When the pancreas stops producing digestive enzymes, it can cause a condition called exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), ... can interfere with the signaling of pancreatic cells carrying out exocrine functions. Loss of pancreatic tissue as a result of ...
The prevalence of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) in diabetes mellitus (DM) varies widely between studies, which may be ...
Inherited pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and pancreatitis: When children transition to adult care.. Isabelle Scheers. Best ... the first manifests as congenital exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), and the second includes hereditary forms of ... in patients carrying mutations in genes encoding digestive proteases or proteins playing an important role in proper pancreatic ...
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency and Pancreatitis Associated with Celiac Disease.. Pancreapedia: Exocrine Pancreas Knowledge ... Is pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in celiac disease related to structural alterations in pancreatic parenchyma? Ann ... 2. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) in Celiac Disease. In "classical" CD, numerous studies have reported an association ... Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in celiac sprue: a cause of treatment failure. Gastroenterology 78(3): 484-487,1980. PMID: ...
... (EPI) is the inability to properly digest food due to a ... "Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency". WebMD.. * Domínguez-Muñoz, JE (2011). "Pancreatic insufficiency: diagnosis and treatment". ... "Canine exocrine pancreatic insufficiency treated with porcine pancreatic extract". J Vet Sci. 6 (3): 263-6. PMID 16131834.. CS1 ... "Serum lipase activities and pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity concentrations in dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency". ...
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21 Resources for Pancreatitis and Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency Useful. Pancreatic function- good video overview ... Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency - quick explanation of human version. Advanced Physio. Pancreas, clinical anatomy and ... Pancreatic insufficiency in people - can you add the physio? How does it compare to animals? ... Exocrine pancreas - Khan academy - basic but good review of earlier material too ...
Tag: exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency and Diabetes: What You Need to Know By Christopher ... Do you have diabetes mellitus? Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is an important condition which also affects the pancreas and ...
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is a malabsorption disease in dogs. Learn about EPI in dogs. ... Treatment of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in Dogs. Diet modification is an essential part of therapy for EPI. The dog ... Signs of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in Dogs. In EPI, the lack of proper digestive enzymes leads to maldigestion, ... When the pancreas isnt producing enough of those enzymes, the condition is called exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. ...
Related publications: 1. Qualitative Assessment of the Symptoms and Impact of Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency (PEI) to Inform ... Psychometric evaluation of a patient-reported outcome measure in pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI). Pancreatology. 2019; ...
Публикации по теме: 1. Qualitative Assessment of the Symptoms and Impact of Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency (PEI) to Inform ... Psychometric evaluation of a patient-reported outcome measure in pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI). Pancreatology. 2019; ... Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency questionnaire Home , Tools , Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency Questionnaire , Pancreatic ...
What is exocrine pancreatic insufficiency? Also referred to as EPI disease, this rare disease causes digestive issues for ... What is Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency?. Eating is a vital activity for all living things, including humans. Everything we ... So, what is exocrine pancreatic insufficiency? Lets find out.. There are some individuals that suffer from conditions that ... What Causes Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency?. EPI is the result of pancreas malfunction. The pancreas is the organ ...
... is usually based on where the cancer is located in the pancreas and whether the tumor can be ... This condition is called exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI).. There are prescription pancreatic enzymes available to treat ... Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI). A healthy pancreas secretes enzymes that help with digestion. When a person has ... More than 95 percent of pancreatic cancers (tumors) form in the glands exocrine cells, usually in the ducts. Tumors that form ...
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) happens when the pancreas is unable to produce enzymes that help with digestion. ... Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) happens when the pancreas is unable to produce enzymes that help with digestion. ... Powdered pancreatic extracts are the most common. Your veterinarian may also recommend a prescription diet or dietary ... The cornerstone of EPI treatment is a lifetime of pancreatic enzyme supplements to replace those the pancreas fails to secrete ...
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency) is described as a weakness of the pancreas which results in a lack of digestive enzymes. ... Symptoms of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in Dogs. The most common symptoms of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency is chronic ... The Effects of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in Dogs. If a dog suffers from EPI, its pancreas is not able to produce these ... Diagnosis of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in Dogs. *EPI can be diagnosed by your vet by a specific test together with ...
... and efficacy when used to treat or reduce the symptoms of exocrine+pancreatic+insufficiency ... pancreatic+insufficiency? Find a list of current medications, their possible side effects, dosage, ... pancreatic+insufficiency? Below is a list of common medications used to treat or reduce the symptoms of exocrine+pancreatic+ ... Pancreatic Enzymes tablet. On Label. RX/OTC. 1 Reviews. Pancreatic Enzymes capsule,delayed release (enteric coated) (capsule, ...
... ... EPI, often caused by cystic fibrosis, is a disease resulting from a lack of exocrine pancreatic enzymes, which play a role in ... that a recent Phase 2a clinical trial testing MS1819-SD as a potential treatment for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) ... The current standard treatment for EPI is porcine pancreatic enzyme replacement pills, which consist of enzymes derived from ...
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency: In the past, several fecal tests have been used to diagnose exocrine pancreatic ... Immunoreactive trypsin (trypsin-like immunoreactivity) level decreases in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in dogs. It will ... PLI is also highly specific for exocrine pancreatic function and could be used to diagnose EPI. However, initial studies showed ... Serum PLI is highly specific for exocrine pancreatic function. Also, serum PLI is far more sensitive for diagnosis of ...
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  • Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is the inability to properly digest food due to a lack or reduction of digestive enzymes made by the pancreas. (wikipedia.org)
  • EPI is caused by a progressive loss of the pancreatic cells that make digestive enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The main treatment option for EPI is replacing enzymes that the pancreas isn't providing with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT). (webmd.com)
  • Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is a condition characterized by deficiency of exocrine pancreatic enzymes, resulting in the inability to digest food properly, or maldigestion. (medscape.com)
  • The exocrine pancreas produces three main types of enzymes: amylase, protease, and lipase, which are responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates, protein, and fat. (medscape.com)
  • People with EPI don't have enough pancreatic (digestive) enzymes to break down foods and absorb nutrients. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Over time, chronic inflammation can damage the pancreatic cells that make digestive enzymes. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Secretin pancreatic function test to test how the pancreas responds to secretin, a hormone that triggers the release of digestive enzymes. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency ( EPI ) is a condition in which the pancreas doesn't produce enough digestive enzymes. (everydayhealth.com)
  • Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), however, is a condition in which the pancreas produces insufficient amounts of these enzymes, leading to nutrient deficits and symptoms including diarrhea, bloating, and abdominal pain. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • PERT, which imitates the body's organic pancreatic enzymes, is used to treat EPI. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • These replacement pancreatic enzymes come in pill form and combine lipase, protease, and amylase. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is an inability of proper digestion of food owing to insufficient levels of digestive enzymes from pancreas. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • EPI is triggered by the progressive loss of pancreatic cells, which generates the digestive enzymes. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • Primarily, these pancreatic digestive enzymes include lipase for the fat digestion, protease for the protein digestion, and amylase for the starch digestion in the body. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • EPI is treated with pancreatic enzyme products (PEPs) , a combination of porcine-derived amylases, lipases, and proteases that mimic digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas and act in the duodenum and proximal small intestine. (medscape.com)
  • When the pancreas stops producing digestive enzymes, it can cause a condition called exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), which commonly coexists with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. (bdsn.de)
  • EPI is commonly treated with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, which replaces digestive enzymes . (bdsn.de)
  • The exocrine pancreas is a portion of this organ that contains clusters of ducts (acini) producing bicarbonate anion, a mild alkali, as well as an array of digestive enzymes that together empty by way of the interlobular and main pancreatic ducts into the duodenum (upper small intestine). (iiab.me)
  • [1] The hormones cholecystokinin and secretin secreted by the stomach and duodenum in response to distension and the presence of food in turn stimulate the production of digestive enzymes by the exocrine pancreas. (iiab.me)
  • EPI results from progressive failure in the exocrine function of the pancreas to provide its digestive enzymes , often in response to a genetic condition or other disease state, resulting in the inability of the animal involved to properly digest food. (iiab.me)
  • When the pancreas isn't producing enough of those enzymes, the condition is called exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. (doghealth.com)
  • Pancreatic enzymes in a powdered form that can be added to food are the treatment of choice for EPI. (doghealth.com)
  • Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) happens when the pancreas is unable to produce enzymes that help with digestion. (dakotaveterinarycenter.com)
  • EPI (Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency) is described as a weakness of the pancreas which results in a lack of digestive enzymes. (happydoguk.com)
  • Pancreatic Enzymes capsule,delayed release (enteric coated) (capsule,delayed (e.c. (webmd.com)
  • EPI, often caused by cystic fibrosis, is a disease resulting from a lack of exocrine pancreatic enzymes, which play a role in breaking down food molecules. (mecfa.org)
  • The current standard treatment for EPI is porcine pancreatic enzyme replacement pills, which consist of enzymes derived from pigs. (mecfa.org)
  • Pancreatitis is an inflammatory process in which pancreatic enzymes autodigest the gland. (medscape.com)
  • Pancreatic pseudocysts (see the image below) are best defined as localized fluid collections that are rich in amylase and other pancreatic enzymes, that have a nonepithelialized wall consisting of fibrous and granulation tissue, and that usually appear several weeks after the onset of pancreatitis. (medscape.com)
  • Pancreatic duct stones are common in people with chronic pancreatitis and can be painful as they block the duct along with pancreatic enzymes needed for digestion. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency occurs when your dog's pancreas fails to produce enough digestive enzymes. (hillspet.com.au)
  • It creates pancreatic enzymes that are released into your digestive system (upper small intestines) that help break down fats and some proteins. (choa.org)
  • Interpretation of serum pancreatic enzymes in pancreatic and nonpancreatic conditions. (medscape.com)
  • Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is most often caused by inactivity of pancreatic acinar cells that produce enzymes to aid in digestion and absorption of nutrients. (vetinfo.com)
  • Dietary supplements of pancreatic enzymes are an effective treatment. (vetinfo.com)
  • Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) refers to an insufficient secretion of pancreatic enzymes (acinar function) and/or sodium bicarbonate (ductal function). (medscape.com)
  • The main causes of PEI are loss of the pancreatic parenchyma, obstruction of the main pancreatic duct, decreased stimulation of the exocrine pancreas, and inactivation of pancreatic enzymes. (medscape.com)
  • Because exocrine pancreas retains a large reserve capacity for enzyme secretion, fat digestion is not clearly impaired until lipase output decreases to below 10% of the normal level. (medscape.com)
  • The pancreatic neck is the arbitrary junction between the head and body of the pancreas. (medscape.com)
  • Pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis and other conditions that affect the pancreas cause exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is most commonly associated with diseases of the exocrine pancreas and is a frequent late-stage manifestation of chronic pancreatitis. (medscape.com)
  • [5] The latter is a limitedly used test that assesses exocrine function in the pancreas by inserting a tube into the small intestine to collect pancreatic secretions. (iiab.me)
  • Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is an important condition which also affects the pancreas and can have significant health impacts. (yourhealthforumbydrcirino.org)
  • They affect the hormone-producing cells in the pancreas and tend to grow more slowly than exocrine tumors. (cancercare.org)
  • About 10 to 15 percent of people diagnosed with pancreatic cancer will be candidates for a Whipple procedure (a surgery for cancer in the head of the pancreas) in which parts of the pancreas, gall bladder, bile duct and small bowel are removed. (cancercare.org)
  • The cornerstone of EPI treatment is a lifetime of pancreatic enzyme supplements to replace those the pancreas fails to secrete. (dakotaveterinarycenter.com)
  • Fortunately, the pancreas has a high reserve capacity, so signs of maldigestion do not occur until 90% of the exocrine pancreatic function is lost. (happydoguk.com)
  • The most common cause of digestive enzyme deficiency in dogs is Pancreatic Acinar Atrophy, in which the pancreas simply becomes shrivelled and useless. (happydoguk.com)
  • The Pancreatic Acinar Atrophy seems to be an immune mediated problem in which the immune system 'attacks' the pancreas and destroys its cells which are replaced then by non-functioning tissue. (happydoguk.com)
  • The National Pancreas Foundation provides hope for those suffering from pancreatitis and pancreatic disease through funding of cutting-edge research, advocating for new and better therapies, and providing support and education for patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals. (choa.org)
  • Pancreatic abscesses, collections of pus near the pancreas, may occur secondary to pancreatitis resulting in continuation of pancreatitis symptoms after treatment. (vetinfo.com)
  • Chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer are two of the major diseases affecting the pancreas. (medscape.com)
  • These symptoms are often greatly reduced, or even eliminated, when you take pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) along with meals and make changes to your diet. (everydayhealth.com)
  • You'll probably use pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, or PERT, along with close dietary monitoring to treat this problem. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • The cornerstone of EPI management is pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT). (medscape.com)
  • Topics also include the prevalence of CD in idiopathic pancreatitis, when to investigate and treat other causes of steatorrhea, particularly EPI with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT). (pancreapedia.org)
  • Another main treatment includes pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT). (medicgenius.com)
  • Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) is indicated for patients with CP and PEI in the presence of clinical symptoms or laboratory signs of malabsorption. (medscape.com)
  • At study commencement, participants will be given baseline prescriptions for antiemetics (metoclopramide 10mg, ondansetron 8mg) and pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) (Creon, 25,000IU) to ensure proactive nutrition impact symptom management is feasible. (who.int)
  • The three main tests used in considering a diagnosis of EPI are: fecal elastase test, fecal fat test, and a direct pancreatic function test. (iiab.me)
  • The role of fecal elastase-1 in detecting exocrine pancreatic disease. (medscape.com)
  • There are other tests available to assess exocrine pancreatic function, including fecal proteolytic activity tests, but multiple fecal samples over a few days need to be collected for that test. (doghealth.com)
  • Diabetic patients have significantly reduced levels of fecal elastase 1, a marker of pancreatic insufficiency, compared with control subjects. (medscape.com)
  • Serum nutritional markers for prediction of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in chronic pancreatitis. (wellnessresources.com)
  • Delayed release pancrelipase for treatment of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency associated with chronic pancreatitis. (medscape.com)
  • Lindkvist B, Dominguez-Munoz JE, Luaces-Regueira M, Castineiras-Alvarino M, Nieto-Garcia L, Iglesias-Garcia J. Serum nutritional markers for prediction of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in chronic pancreatitis. (medscape.com)
  • Chronic pancreatitis that destroys the exocrine pancreatic cells. (doghealth.com)
  • Patients come to the Advanced Pancreatic Care Program from across the region to receive expert diagnosis and advanced care for acute, recurrent and chronic pancreatitis, as well as pancreatic tumors, pancreatic insufficiency and pancreatic birth defects and/or anatomical abnormalities. (choa.org)
  • CREON is a combination of porcine-derived lipases, proteases, and amylases indicated for the treatment of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency due to cystic fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatectomy, or other conditions. (nih.gov)
  • Physicians have known for more than 20 years that some patients with chronic pancreatitis eventually develop pancreatic cancer . (medscape.com)
  • However, it is an uncommon event: Over two decades, only about 4% of patients with well-documented chronic pancreatitis will develop pancreatic cancer. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] Patients who experience only a single attack of acute pancreatitis without developing recurrent pancreatitis or chronic pancreatitis do not progress to pancreatic cancer. (medscape.com)
  • The symptoms of chronic pancreatitis can be easily confused with those of pancreatic cancer, leading to diagnostic uncertainty. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, so-called "type 3c diabetes" can be a complication in patients with either chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer. (medscape.com)
  • At the 46th Annual Meeting of the American Pancreatic Association, a mini-symposium was dedicated to discussing chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, and diabetes. (medscape.com)
  • Chronic Pancreatitis to Pancreatic Cancer - Medscape - Dec 17, 2015. (medscape.com)
  • However, in the painful chronic exocrine pancreatitis, high dose protease are estimated to be beneficial. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • A recent literature review found a high prevalence (62%) of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency among patients during first admission for acute pancreatitis. (medscape.com)
  • These include celiac disease, Crohn disease, autoimmune pancreatitis, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome , and gastrointestinal and pancreatic surgical procedures. (medscape.com)
  • Inherited pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and pancreatitis: When children transition to adult care. (qxmd.com)
  • Hereditary pancreatitis (HP) encompasses two distinct disease groups: the first manifests as congenital exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), and the second includes hereditary forms of pancreatitis. (qxmd.com)
  • The review encompasses the current diagnostic criteria of CD and disease related prevalence and mechanisms of secondary exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) and the risk and mechanisms of pancreatitis. (pancreapedia.org)
  • The aim of this review is to address this gap in clinical information by reviewing secondary exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) and pancreatitis associated with CD. (pancreapedia.org)
  • The Advanced Pancreatic Care Program at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta treats a variety of pancreatic diseases, ranging from acute pancreatitis to rare genetic disorders and congenital abnormalities. (choa.org)
  • Pancreatic pseudocysts are collections of pancreatic fluid in tissue that also occur secondary to pancreatitis. (vetinfo.com)
  • Clinical signs similar to pancreatitis may occur in cases of benign or malignant pancreatic neoplasms. (vetinfo.com)
  • In every pediatric patient, cystic fibrosis has to be ruled out, since 10-15% of cystic fibrosis patients with pancreatic sufficiency (comprising 1-2% of all patients with cystic fibrosis) present clinically with recurrent attacks of acute pancreatitis. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with type 2 diabetes without underlying pancreatitis have an almost twofold excess risk for pancreatic cancer. (medscape.com)
  • HAYWARD, Calif., Dec. 27, 2016 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Anthera Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ:ANTH) today announced the top line results of the SOLUTION clinical study in cystic fibrosis patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). (einpresswire.com)
  • Fibrosing colonopathy is associated with high-dose use of pancreatic enzyme replacement in the treatment of cystic fibrosis patients. (nih.gov)
  • In dogs, the most common cause is pancreatic acinar atrophy , arising as a result of genetic conditions , a blocked pancreatic duct , or prior infection. (iiab.me)
  • Idiopathic acinar atrophy: This unknown mechanism of destruction of pancreatic cells is the most common cause of EPI in dogs. (doghealth.com)
  • German Shepherds, Collies, and English Setters are predisposed to pancreatic acinar atrophy, an inherited condition that can lead to EPI. (dakotaveterinarycenter.com)
  • The prevalence of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) in diabetes mellitus (DM) varies widely between studies, which may be explained by methodological problems. (efim.org)
  • In analyzing the results of the SOLUTION study, patients' ability to increase their doses during the study were hindered by time restrictions and amounts allowed per protocol, while other patients were prevented from increasing their dose due to the daily limit (10,000 lipase units/kg/day) for porcine pancreatic enzyme replacement therapies (PERTs). (einpresswire.com)
  • The diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is largely clinical. (medscape.com)
  • The Applicability of a Checklist for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency: Results of the Italian Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Registry / Pezzilli, R. (univpm.it)
  • A review of deep learning and radiomics approaches for pancreatic cancer diagnosis from medical imaging. (medscape.com)
  • EUS is an essential tool in the differential diagnosis of CP with other pancreatic masses or cystic lesions. (medscape.com)
  • A pancreatic function test is required for the diagnosis of CP. (medscape.com)
  • Diagnosis of type 3c diabetes is based on a documented history of pancreatic disease, evidence of exocrine insufficiency, and ruling out type 1 and type 2 diabetes . (medscape.com)
  • The etiology of EPI includes pancreatic and nonpancreatic causes (see Etiology). (medscape.com)
  • Causes of EPI can be either pancreatic or nonpancreatic in origin. (medscape.com)
  • It is important to keep in mind that EPI can also result from nonpancreatic diseases, mainly in patients with normal pancreatic structure as revealed by advanced abdominal imaging modalities (eg, MRI, endoscopic ultrasonography [EUS], and CT scanning). (medscape.com)
  • Fast Five Quiz: Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency - Medscape - May 04, 2020. (medscape.com)
  • No medications are specific to the treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts. (medscape.com)
  • In "classical" CD the prevalence of EPI ranges 0-77.8%, on the basis of secretagogue and test meal evoked direct pancreatic function tests. (pancreapedia.org)
  • A form of therapy called external beam radiation is commonly used in treating pancreatic cancer. (cancercare.org)
  • You or your child may need a stool elastase test if you have certain digestive problems and a health care provider thinks exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) could be the cause. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Rapidly emerging economies in region such as India, China, and more disease prevalence will drive the growth of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency market. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • In case series having at least 5 patients the overall prevalence of EPI in "classical" CD ranges 0-77.8% ( Table 1 ) but varies considerably by the specific pancreatic function test (PFT): 0-15.4% with i.v. secretin, 22.7-77.8% with i.v. CCK analogues, and 42.9-58% with test meal. (pancreapedia.org)
  • EPI is often treated with pancreatic enzyme replacement products (PERPs) such as pancrelipase , that are used to break down fats (via a lipase), proteins (via a protease), and carbohydrates (via amylase) into units that can be digested. (iiab.me)
  • More than 95 percent of pancreatic cancers (tumors) form in the gland's exocrine cells, usually in the ducts. (cancercare.org)
  • Tumors that form in endocrine cells are called neuroendocrine (or islet-cell) tumors, and account for less than 5 percent of all pancreatic cancers. (cancercare.org)
  • Learn more about the pathophysiology and etiology of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. (medscape.com)
  • The symptoms of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency vary depending on the severity, so if you notice any problems such as loose bowel movements, abdominal discomfort or erratic blood glucose levels, talk to your healthcare team! (bdsn.de)
  • Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is characterized by maldigestion - an inability to digest food properly. (medscape.com)
  • According to the research conducted by Robbins basic pathology, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was observed to occur in the 85% to 90% of patients with cystic fibrosis in 2013. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • The aim of this review is to provide a valuable and focused source of information for understanding and evaluating pancreatic manifestations of patients with celiac disease (CD). (pancreapedia.org)
  • Pancreatic replacement therapy in EPI is an extensively accepted mode of treatment and aids in minimizing the malabsorption and related malnutrition. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • Relations between pancreatic enzyme ouputs and malabsorption in severe pancreatic insufficiency. (medscape.com)
  • While dietary changes and enzyme replacement therapy are the basic treatments for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, you may be able to do more. (everydayhealth.com)
  • However, the lack of technological reach and insufficient advanced treatments are the key restraints of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency market in developing regions. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • We are most grateful for their commitment to our shared hope of developing new treatments for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and believe that the shortcomings of Sollpura in SOLUTION can be addressed in the new study that we plan to initiate in 1Q'17," said William Shanahan, M.D., Anthera's Chief Medical Officer. (einpresswire.com)
  • Johns Hopkins pancreatic stone program offers extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for pancreatic duct stones, performed by trained and experienced gastroenterologists and urologists in a dedicated facility. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Other causes include infection, blockage of pancreatic duct or weight conditions. (vetinfo.com)
  • Considering taking medication to treat exocrine+pancreatic+insufficiency? (webmd.com)
  • Lowenfels AB, Sullivan T, Fiorianti J, Maisonneuve P. The epidemiology and impact of pancreatic diseases in the United States. (medscape.com)
  • While these diseases are rather rare, there are individuals who have exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). (medicgenius.com)
  • First, an organized necrosis is actually devitalized pancreatic tissue that appears cystlike on computed tomography (CT) scans, but it appears to be solid on other imaging modalities. (medscape.com)
  • Studies show that patients who undergo pancreatic surgery performed by an experienced surgeon with a strong clinical support team have the best outcomes. (cancercare.org)
  • AzurRx BioPharma, in partnership with Mayoly Spindler , announced that a recent Phase 2a clinical trial testing MS1819-SD as a potential treatment for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) achieved its goals, namely a statistically significant improvement in fat absorption. (mecfa.org)
  • For exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, in a clinical setting, a noninvasive pancreatic function test (PFT) should be performed. (medscape.com)
  • A stool elastase test is used check for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) when a person has belly pain and other digestive symptoms that don't have a known cause. (medlineplus.gov)
  • HP occurs in patients carrying mutations in genes encoding digestive proteases or proteins playing an important role in proper pancreatic function and homeostasis. (qxmd.com)
  • Intestinal damage, a histological feature of "classical" CD, correlates with the degree of decline in exocrine pancreatic function (38). (pancreapedia.org)
  • Inhibition of islet cell function as a result of pancreatic disease is yet another reason. (medscape.com)
  • Ali S, T N, Gagloo M, Dhar S. Revisiting the problem of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in surgical patients. (medscape.com)
  • Three views of a pancreatic pseudocyst noted during endoscopic ultrasound. (medscape.com)
  • If you are taking pancreatic enzyme supplements, you may need to stop taking them for five days before the test. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Individual pancreatic replacement therapy along with pancreatin medication is advised to the patient in severe cases. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • 13 C-mixed triglyceride breath test ( 13 C-MTGT) is a non-invasive test for the detection of moderate and severe pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI), but it requires prolonged breath sampling. (radioloncol.com)
  • Following pancreatic enzyme products (PEPs) were approved by USFDA for the treatment of EPI: Zenpep and Creon in 2009, Viokace and Ultresa in 2012, Pancreaze in 2010, and Pertzye in 2012. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • In recent years, additional treatment options have become available to people living with pancreatic cancer, and more are on the horizon. (cancercare.org)
  • Shwachman syndrome is characterized by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, hematologic abnormalities, including increased risk of malignant transformation, and skeletal abnormalities. (lu.se)
  • Key factors responsible for growth of this market involve, increasing global incidences of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, demands of advanced therapeutics and presence of significant number of pipeline drugs. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • This report covers detailed insights on Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Drugs under development, targeted therapeutics, assessment by indications, stage of development, mechanism of action (MoA), route of administration (RoA) and molecule type. (datavagyanik.com)
  • Break-down of the Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Drugs under development in terms of potential market segments, targeted therapeutics and assessment by indications. (datavagyanik.com)
  • Each year, more than 55,000 people in the United States-most over the age of 60-will be diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. (cancercare.org)
  • If surgery is chosen, patients should select a surgeon who has a high level of experience operating on pancreatic cancer, and who works with a dedicated hospital support team. (cancercare.org)
  • Can 'top-up' small bowel tube feeding, with intensive dietitian support delivered via telehealth, improve quality of life in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer? (who.int)
  • To deliver appropriate nutritional support, advice, and symptom management to people with advanced (inoperable) pancreatic cancer having palliative chemotherapy. (who.int)
  • Having type 3c diabetes is associated with a 33-fold increased risk for pancreatic cancer-an enormous increase. (medscape.com)
  • Suresh Chari, MD, continued the discussion of diabetes and pancreatic disorders, focusing on the relationship between diabetes and pancreatic cancer. (medscape.com)
  • The risk is not as high as with type 3c diabetes, but it still constitutes a major risk factor for pancreatic cancer. (medscape.com)