Eye Infections
Eye Infections, Bacterial
Conjunctivitis, Inclusion
Conjunctivitis, Bacterial
Eye
Conjunctivitis
Eye Infections, Parasitic
Keratitis, Dendritic
Eye Infections, Viral
Ribotyping
Eye Infections, Fungal
Eye Injuries
Dry Eye Syndromes
Eye Enucleation
Visual Acuity
Ocular Physiological Phenomena
Compound Eye, Arthropod
Eye Protective Devices
Retina
Ophthalmic Solutions
Fixation, Ocular
Posterior Eye Segment
Glaucoma
Vitreous Body
Sclera
Axial Length, Eye
Anterior Chamber
Myopia
Aqueous Humor
Iris
Ciliary Body
Lens, Crystalline
Visual Fields
Streptococcal keratitis after myopic laser in situ keratomileusis. (1/445)
A 24-year-old healthy male underwent uncomplicated laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in left eye. One day after the surgery, he complained of ocular pain and multiple corneal stromal infiltrates had developed in left eye. Immediately, the corneal interface and stromal bed were cleared, and maximal antibiotic treatments with fortified tobramycin (1.2%) and cefazolin (5%) were given topically. The causative organism was identified as 'Streptococcus viridans' both on smear and culture. Two days after antibiotic therapy was initiated, the ocular inflammation and corneal infiltrates had regressed and ocular pain was relieved. One month later, the patient's best corrected visual acuity had returned to 20/20 with -0.75 -1.00 x 10 degrees, however minimal stromal scarring still remained. This case demonstrates that microbial keratitis after LASIK, if treated promptly, does not lead to a permanent reduction in visual acuity. (+info)Microbiological profile of anterior chamber aspirates following uncomplicated cataract surgery. (2/445)
Anterior chamber aspirate cultures were done for 66 patients who underwent either an uncomplicated intracapsular cataract extraction, extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior-chamber intraocular lens implantation, or phacoemulsification with posterior-chamber intraocular lens implantation. The aspirate was obtained at the time of wound closure. The aspirates were immediately transferred to the microbiology laboratory where one drop of the aspirate was placed on a glass slide for gram stain, and the remainder was unequally divided and inoculated into blood agar, chocolate agar and thioglycolate broth. The cultures were incubated at 37 degrees C with 5% CO2 and held for 5 days. Of 66 patients 4 (6%), had smear-positive anterior chamber aspirates. None of the aspirates showed any growth on any of the 3 culture media used. None of the eyes in the study developed endophthalmitis. This study concludes that there is no contamination of the anterior chamber by viable bacteria after cataract surgery, irrespective of the mode of intervention. (+info)Presumed ocular bartonellosis. (3/445)
BACKGROUND: The spectrum of diseases caused by Bartonella henselae continues to expand and ocular involvement during this infection is being diagnosed with increasing frequency. METHODS: The clinical features and visual prognosis for 13 patients with intraocular inflammatory disease and laboratory evidence of bartonellosis were investigated. There were nine patients with neuroretinitis and four with panuveitis with positive antibody titres against B henselae determined by an enzyme immunoassay (IgG exceeding 1:900 and/or IgM exceeding 1:250). RESULTS: Positive IgG levels were found for eight patients and positive IgM levels for five. Despite animal exposure of 10 patients, only two (IgG positive) cases had systemic symptoms consistent with the diagnosis of cat scratch disease. Pathological fluorescein leakage of the optic disc was observed in all affected eyes. At 6 months' follow up, 3/18 (17%) affected eyes had a visual acuity of less than 20/100, owing to optic disc atrophy and cystoid macular oedema. 12 patients (17 eyes) were treated with antibiotics; visual acuity improved two or more Snellen lines for 9/17 (53%) eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The possibility of B henselae infection should be considered in patients with neuroretinitis and panuveitis (especially in cases with associated optic nerve involvement) even in the absence of systemic symptoms typical for cat scratch disease. (+info)Identification and antibiotic susceptibility of coagulase negative staphylococci isolated in corneal/external infections. (4/445)
AIMS: To identify and determine antibiotic susceptibility of coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolated from patients with chronic blepharitis, purulent conjunctivitis, and suppurative keratitis. METHODS: A retrospective review of all culture positive cases of chronic blepharitis, purulent conjunctivitis, and suppurative keratitis between July 1995 and December 1996 was performed. Cases in which CoNS were the sole isolates were analysed. Species identification was performed by using a commercially available standardised biochemical test system. Antibiotic susceptibility to penicillin, gentamicin, tetracycline, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and teicoplanin was determined by agar disc diffusion (Kirby-Bauer method). Teicoplanin resistance was confirmed by agar dilution. RESULTS: 42 Staphylococcus epidermidis, four S warneri, three S capitis, two S hominis, one each of S xylosus, S simulans, S equorum, and S lugdunensis were identified. 37 CoNS were penicillin resistant, 12 gentamicin resistant, 28 tetracycline resistant, 18 erythromycin resistant, four ciprofloxacin resistant, and one teicoplanin resistant (MIC, 32 microg/ml). In total, 16 strains were resistant to three or more antibiotics. CONCLUSION: Species of CoNS apart from S epidermidis may be isolated from patients with corneal and external infection. Antibiotic susceptibility of CoNS is unpredictable and multiresistant strains are common. As a result, antibiotic susceptibility testing should be performed in all cases of clinically significant ocular infections caused by CoNS. (+info)Use of a low nutrient culture medium for the identification of bacteria causing severe ocular infection. (5/445)
A low nutrient culture medium was used to identify the pathogens in four cases of persisting ocular infection. Bacto R2A agar was used in addition to conventional liquid- and solid-phase media to culture pathogenic bacteria from one case of recurrent keratitis, one case of suture-related keratitis with endophthalmitis and two eyes (two patients) with post-operative endophthalmitis. In each case, a pathogen was identified solely with R2A agar after culture for 6 days. Species isolated were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (one), Propionibacterium acnes (two) and Staphylococcus aureus (one). Antibiotic therapy was tailored to conform to the sensitivity of the cultured organism in each case. The use of Bacto R2A low nutrient agar should be considered in culture negative eyes not showing clinical improvement, or for chronic cases where bacteria may have become adapted to more stringent ocular environments. (+info)Haemophilus influenzae associated scleritis. (6/445)
AIMS: To describe the clinical course and treatment of Haemophilus influenzae associated scleritis. METHODS: Retrospective case series. RESULTS: Three patients developed scleritis associated with ocular H influenzae infection. Past medical history, review of systems, and laboratory testing for underlying collagen vascular disorders were negative in two patients. One patient had arthritis associated with an antinuclear antibody titre of 1:160 and a Westergren erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 83 mm in the first hour. Each patient had ocular surgery more than 6 months before developing scleritis. Two had cataract extraction and one had strabismus surgery. Nodular abscesses associated with areas of scleral necrosis were present in each case. Culture of these abscesses revealed H influenzae in all patients. Treatments included topical, subconjunctival, and systemic antibiotics. Scleral inflammation resolved and visual acuity improved in each case. CONCLUSION: H influenzae infection may be associated with scleritis. Accurate diagnosis and treatment may preserve ocular integrity and good visual acuity. (+info)Microbial decontamination of human donor eyes with povidone-iodine: penetration, toxicity, and effectiveness. (7/445)
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Povidone-iodine (PVP -I) is applied for microbial decontamination of human eyes donated for transplantation. Concentrations and immersion times vary greatly. The effectiveness and toxicity of PVP-I were assessed for different decontamination protocols. METHODS: Human donor eyes and corneas were immersed in different concentrations (5-100 mg/ml) of PVP-I for different times (2-30 minutes). The penetration of iodine into the corneal tissue was assessed by x ray microanalysis. Microbial contamination was determined by taking cultures of the limbal areas and storage solutions and by incubation of the corneoscleral buttons in antibiotic-free culture medium. Cytotoxicity of PVP-I for corneal fibroblasts in culture was assessed using the MTT assay. RESULTS: Depending on concentration and immersion time iodine was found to penetrate into the epithelium, Bowman's layer, and stroma in amounts equivalent to 2-40 mg/ml PVP-I. The MTT assay demonstrated that 2.5 mg/ml PVP-I caused total damage to fibroblasts in vitro. Rinsing eyes with tap water and subsequent immersion in PVP-I reduced the rate of contamination from 82 out of 106 to 69 out of 106 and 37 out of 106, respectively. Antibiotics in the storage medium further reduced contamination from about 40% to 3%. Microbial contamination was not reduced by increasing the concentration and immersion times beyond 5 mg/ml PVP-I for 2 minutes. CONCLUSION: Immersion of human donor eyes in 5 mg/ml PVP-I solution for 2 minutes significantly reduces microbial contamination of donor corneas without relevant penetration of iodine into the corneal layers. Higher PVP-I concentrations and longer immersion times do not further reduce contamination, whereas the amount of iodine penetrating the corneal layers is elevated above the level cytotoxic for corneal fibroblasts. In view of this, concentrations above 5 mg/ml of PVP-I and immersion periods over 2 minutes are not recommended for reduction of the contamination rate of donor eyes. (+info)Risk factors for treatment outcome of suspected microbial keratitis. Ofloxacin Study Group. (8/445)
BACKGROUND: Primary treatment for suspected microbial keratitis is generally successful. Although risks such as contact lens use are well recognised as causative factors for microbial keratitis, little is known about the risk factors that influence treatment outcome. The present study evaluates the risk factors assessed at diagnosis as prognostic indicators of primary treatment failure. METHODS: Patients were prospectively enrolled in the ofloxacin treatment trial and data concerning symptoms, treatments, past and concurrent eye disease were collected along with the measurement of corneal ulcer size at the slit lamp. All patients were scraped for microbiological investigation, and treated with either ofloxacin (0. 3%) or standard therapy of fortified cefuroxime and gentamicin drops. Treatment success was complete healing of the ulcer with zero dimensions of the epithelial defect within 2 weeks of start of treatment. The important prognostic indicators were selected by comparison among those who failed treatment, had delayed healing, or were culture positive with other patients using univariate and stratified analysis. These were then used in a Poisson model for multiple regression analysis to estimate the relative risk of the main prognostic variables. RESULTS: Of the 118 patients enrolled in the study, 14 were identified as primary treatment failures, 17 had slow healing, and 15 indolent ulcers. There were 49 culture positive patients. The multivariate analysis identified that large culture positive ulcers in patients 60 years or older had 5.5 times the risk of primary treatment failure (p<0.001). Significant predictors of slow healing were previous ocular disease and a positive culture; significant predictors of indolent ulceration were previous ocular disease and steroid use at diagnosis; the main predictor of a culture positive result was ulcer size. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly patients with large ulcers were more likely to be culture positive, fail primary therapy, and require surgical intervention. A positive microbial culture provided prognostic information regardless of the organism isolated. However, this information was of less value for those with small ulcers and for younger patients. (+info)Eye infections, also known as ocular infections, are conditions characterized by the invasion and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms in any part of the eye or its surrounding structures. These infections can affect various parts of the eye, including the conjunctiva (conjunctivitis), cornea (keratitis), eyelid (blepharitis), or the internal structures of the eye (endophthalmitis, uveitis). The symptoms may include redness, pain, discharge, itching, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light. The cause can be bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic, and the treatment typically involves antibiotics, antivirals, or antifungals, depending on the underlying cause.
Bacterial eye infections, also known as bacterial conjunctivitis or bacterial keratitis, are caused by the invasion of bacteria into the eye. The most common types of bacteria that cause these infections include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae.
Bacterial conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. Symptoms include redness, swelling, pain, discharge, and a gritty feeling in the eye. Bacterial keratitis is an infection of the cornea, the clear front part of the eye. Symptoms include severe pain, sensitivity to light, tearing, and decreased vision.
Bacterial eye infections are typically treated with antibiotic eye drops or ointments. It is important to seek medical attention promptly if you suspect a bacterial eye infection, as untreated infections can lead to serious complications such as corneal ulcers and vision loss. Preventive measures include good hygiene practices, such as washing your hands frequently and avoiding touching or rubbing your eyes.
Inclusion conjunctivitis is a type of bacterial conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva) that is caused by specific types of bacteria, most commonly Chlamydia trachomatis. It is also known as trachoma, which is a leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide. The infection leads to the formation of small, inclusion-containing intracytoplasmic inclusions in the conjunctival epithelial cells, hence the name "inclusion conjunctivitis."
The symptoms of inclusion conjunctivitis include redness, irritation, and discharge from the eyes. It can also cause swelling of the lymph nodes near the ears. In severe cases, it can lead to scarring and damage to the cornea, potentially resulting in vision loss. The infection is typically spread through direct contact with eye or nose discharge from an infected person, and it can also be sexually transmitted.
Treatment for inclusion conjunctivitis usually involves antibiotics, such as azithromycin or doxycycline, to eliminate the bacteria causing the infection. It is important to complete the full course of treatment to ensure that the infection is fully cleared and to prevent recurrence. In addition, good hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing and avoiding sharing personal items like towels and washcloths, can help prevent the spread of the infection.
"Hemolysin factors" is not a standard medical term, and it seems there might be some confusion in the question. However, I can provide information on hemolysins, which are substances that cause lysis (rupture) of red blood cells, resulting in the release of their contents into the surrounding fluid.
Hemolysins can be produced by various sources, such as:
1. Bacterial hemolysins: Some bacteria produce hemolysins as a virulence factor to aid in infecting the host. These hemolysins can be classified into two main types: exotoxins (secreted by the bacterium) and endotoxins (integral components of the bacterial cell membrane). Examples include streptolysin O and streptolysin S from Streptococcus pyogenes, hemolysin from Escherichia coli, and α-toxin from Staphylococcus aureus.
2. Complement system: The complement system is a part of the immune response that can cause hemolysis through the membrane attack complex (MAC). This complex forms pores in the red blood cell membrane, leading to lysis.
3. Autoimmune disorders: In some autoimmune diseases, such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia, the body produces antibodies against its own red blood cells, causing complement-mediated hemolysis.
4. Medicines and chemicals: Certain medications or chemicals can cause hemolysis as a side effect. These include some antibiotics (e.g., cephalosporins), chemotherapeutic agents, and snake venoms.
If you meant to ask about something else related to "hemolysin factors," please provide more context so I can give a more accurate answer.
Keratoconjunctivitis is a medical term that refers to the inflammation of both the cornea (the clear, outer layer at the front of the eye) and the conjunctiva (the mucous membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids and the white part of the eye).
The condition can cause symptoms such as redness, pain, sensitivity to light, watery eyes, and a gritty or burning sensation in the eyes. Keratoconjunctivitis can be caused by various factors, including viral or bacterial infections, allergies, or environmental irritants like dust, smoke, or chemical fumes.
Treatment for keratoconjunctivitis depends on the underlying cause of the condition and may include medications such as antibiotics, antivirals, or anti-inflammatory agents to reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms. In some cases, artificial tears or lubricants may also be recommended to help keep the eyes moist and comfortable.
Bacterial conjunctivitis is a type of conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva) that is caused by bacterial infection. The most common bacteria responsible for this condition are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae.
The symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis include redness, swelling, and pain in the eye, along with a thick, sticky discharge that can cause the eyelids to stick together, especially upon waking up. Other symptoms may include tearing, itching, and sensitivity to light. Bacterial conjunctivitis is highly contagious and can spread easily through contact with infected individuals or contaminated objects such as towels, handkerchiefs, or makeup.
Treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis typically involves the use of antibiotic eye drops or ointments to eliminate the infection. In some cases, oral antibiotics may also be prescribed. It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect that you have bacterial conjunctivitis, as untreated infections can lead to serious complications such as corneal ulcers and vision loss.
The eye is the organ of sight, primarily responsible for detecting and focusing on visual stimuli. It is a complex structure composed of various parts that work together to enable vision. Here are some of the main components of the eye:
1. Cornea: The clear front part of the eye that refracts light entering the eye and protects the eye from harmful particles and microorganisms.
2. Iris: The colored part of the eye that controls the amount of light reaching the retina by adjusting the size of the pupil.
3. Pupil: The opening in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye.
4. Lens: A biconvex structure located behind the iris that further refracts light and focuses it onto the retina.
5. Retina: A layer of light-sensitive cells (rods and cones) at the back of the eye that convert light into electrical signals, which are then transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve.
6. Optic Nerve: The nerve that carries visual information from the retina to the brain.
7. Vitreous: A clear, gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina, providing structural support to the eye.
8. Conjunctiva: A thin, transparent membrane that covers the front of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids.
9. Extraocular Muscles: Six muscles that control the movement of the eye, allowing for proper alignment and focus.
The eye is a remarkable organ that allows us to perceive and interact with our surroundings. Various medical specialties, such as ophthalmology and optometry, are dedicated to the diagnosis, treatment, and management of various eye conditions and diseases.
Conjunctivitis is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, a thin, clear membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids and the outer surface of the eye. The condition can cause redness, itching, burning, tearing, discomfort, and a gritty feeling in the eyes. It can also result in a discharge that can be clear, yellow, or greenish.
Conjunctivitis can have various causes, including bacterial or viral infections, allergies, irritants (such as smoke, chlorine, or contact lens solutions), and underlying medical conditions (like dry eye or autoimmune disorders). Treatment depends on the cause of the condition but may include antibiotics, antihistamines, anti-inflammatory medications, or warm compresses.
It is essential to maintain good hygiene practices, like washing hands frequently and avoiding touching or rubbing the eyes, to prevent spreading conjunctivitis to others. If you suspect you have conjunctivitis, it's recommended that you consult an eye care professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.
Keratitis is a medical condition that refers to inflammation of the cornea, which is the clear, dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye. The cornea plays an essential role in focusing vision, and any damage or infection can cause significant visual impairment. Keratitis can result from various causes, including bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections, as well as trauma, allergies, or underlying medical conditions such as dry eye syndrome. Symptoms of keratitis may include redness, pain, tearing, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, and a feeling of something foreign in the eye. Treatment for keratitis depends on the underlying cause but typically includes antibiotics, antivirals, or anti-fungal medications, as well as measures to alleviate symptoms and promote healing.
Parasitic eye infections are conditions characterized by the invasion and infestation of the eye or its surrounding structures by parasites. These can be protozoans, helminths, or ectoparasites. Examples of such infections include Acanthamoeba keratitis, which is caused by a free-living amoeba found in water and soil; Toxoplasmosis, which is caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii; Loiasis, which is caused by the parasitic filarial worm Loa loa; and Demodicosis, which is caused by the mite Demodex folliculorum. Symptoms can vary depending on the type of parasite but often include redness, pain, discharge, and vision changes. Treatment typically involves antiparasitic medications and sometimes surgery to remove the parasites or damaged tissue. Prevention measures include good hygiene practices and avoiding contact with contaminated water or soil.
Dendritic keratitis is a specific form of keratitis, which is inflammation of the cornea. The term "dendritic" refers to the characteristic appearance of the lesion on the cornea, which resembles a branching tree or a dendrite.
Dendritic keratitis is most commonly caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, although other infectious and non-infectious etiologies can also produce similar lesions. The condition is characterized by the presence of a branching, dendrite-like ulcer on the corneal epithelium, often accompanied by symptoms such as eye pain, redness, photophobia (sensitivity to light), and tearing.
Treatment for dendritic keratitis typically involves antiviral medications to manage the underlying HSV-1 infection, as well as measures to promote corneal healing and reduce discomfort. It is essential to seek prompt medical attention if you suspect dendritic keratitis, as untreated or improperly managed cases can lead to serious complications, including corneal scarring, vision loss, and potential blindness.
Viral eye infections are caused by viruses that invade different parts of the eye, leading to inflammation and irritation. Some common types of viral eye infections include conjunctivitis (pink eye), keratitis, and dendritic ulcers. These infections can cause symptoms such as redness, watering, soreness, sensitivity to light, and discharge. In some cases, viral eye infections can also lead to complications like corneal scarring and vision loss if left untreated. They are often highly contagious and can spread through contact with contaminated surfaces or respiratory droplets. Antiviral medications may be used to treat certain types of viral eye infections, but in many cases, the infection will resolve on its own over time. Preventive measures such as good hygiene and avoiding touching the eyes can help reduce the risk of viral eye infections.
'Chlamydia trachomatis' is a species of bacterium that is the causative agent of several infectious diseases in humans. It is an obligate intracellular pathogen, meaning it can only survive and reproduce inside host cells. The bacteria are transmitted through sexual contact, and can cause a range of genital tract infections, including urethritis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and epididymitis. In women, chlamydial infection can also lead to serious complications such as ectopic pregnancy and infertility.
In addition to genital infections, 'Chlamydia trachomatis' is also responsible for two other diseases: trachoma and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). Trachoma is a leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide, affecting mostly children in developing countries. It is spread through contact with contaminated hands, clothing, or eye secretions. LGV is a sexually transmitted infection that can cause inflammation of the lymph nodes, rectum, and genitals.
'Chlamydia trachomatis' infections are often asymptomatic, making them difficult to diagnose and treat. However, they can be detected through laboratory tests such as nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) or culture. Treatment typically involves antibiotics such as azithromycin or doxycycline. Prevention measures include safe sex practices, regular screening for STIs, and good hygiene.
Ribotyping is a molecular technique used in microbiology to identify and differentiate bacterial strains based on their specific PCR-amplified ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. This method involves the use of specific DNA probes or primers to target conserved regions of the rRNA operon, followed by hybridization or sequencing to analyze the resulting patterns. These patterns, known as "ribotypes," are unique to different bacterial species and strains, making ribotyping a valuable tool in epidemiological studies, outbreak investigations, and taxonomic classification of bacteria.
Fungal eye infections, also known as fungal keratitis or ocular fungal infections, are caused by the invasion of fungi into the eye. The most common types of fungi that cause these infections include Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Candida. These infections can affect any part of the eye, including the cornea, conjunctiva, sclera, and vitreous humor.
Fungal eye infections often present with symptoms such as redness, pain, sensitivity to light, tearing, blurred vision, and discharge. In severe cases, they can lead to corneal ulcers, perforation of the eye, and even blindness if left untreated. Risk factors for fungal eye infections include trauma to the eye, contact lens wear, immunosuppression, and pre-existing eye conditions such as dry eye or previous eye surgery.
Diagnosis of fungal eye infections typically involves a thorough eye examination, including visual acuity testing, slit lamp examination, and sometimes corneal scrapings for microbiological culture and sensitivity testing. Treatment usually involves topical antifungal medications, such as natamycin or amphotericin B, and in some cases may require oral or intravenous antifungal therapy. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove infected tissue or repair any damage caused by the infection.
Eye diseases are a range of conditions that affect the eye or visual system, causing damage to vision and, in some cases, leading to blindness. These diseases can be categorized into various types, including:
1. Refractive errors: These include myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), astigmatism, and presbyopia, which affect the way light is focused on the retina and can usually be corrected with glasses or contact lenses.
2. Cataracts: A clouding of the lens inside the eye that leads to blurry vision, glare, and decreased contrast sensitivity. Cataract surgery is the most common treatment for this condition.
3. Glaucoma: A group of diseases characterized by increased pressure in the eye, leading to damage to the optic nerve and potential blindness if left untreated. Treatment includes medications, laser therapy, or surgery.
4. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): A progressive condition that affects the central part of the retina called the macula, causing blurry vision and, in advanced stages, loss of central vision. Treatment may include anti-VEGF injections, laser therapy, or nutritional supplements.
5. Diabetic retinopathy: A complication of diabetes that affects the blood vessels in the retina, leading to bleeding, leakage, and potential blindness if left untreated. Treatment includes laser therapy, anti-VEGF injections, or surgery.
6. Retinal detachment: A separation of the retina from its underlying tissue, which can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly with surgery.
7. Amblyopia (lazy eye): A condition where one eye does not develop normal vision, often due to a misalignment or refractive error in childhood. Treatment includes correcting the underlying problem and encouraging the use of the weaker eye through patching or other methods.
8. Strabismus (crossed eyes): A misalignment of the eyes that can lead to amblyopia if not treated promptly with surgery, glasses, or other methods.
9. Corneal diseases: Conditions that affect the transparent outer layer of the eye, such as keratoconus, Fuchs' dystrophy, and infectious keratitis, which can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly.
10. Uveitis: Inflammation of the middle layer of the eye, which can cause vision loss if not treated promptly with anti-inflammatory medications or surgery.
Eye movements, also known as ocular motility, refer to the voluntary or involuntary motion of the eyes that allows for visual exploration of our environment. There are several types of eye movements, including:
1. Saccades: rapid, ballistic movements that quickly shift the gaze from one point to another.
2. Pursuits: smooth, slow movements that allow the eyes to follow a moving object.
3. Vergences: coordinated movements of both eyes in opposite directions, usually in response to a three-dimensional stimulus.
4. Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR): automatic eye movements that help stabilize the gaze during head movement.
5. Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN): rhythmic eye movements that occur in response to large moving visual patterns, such as when looking out of a moving vehicle.
Abnormalities in eye movements can indicate neurological or ophthalmological disorders and are often assessed during clinical examinations.
Eye injuries refer to any damage or trauma caused to the eye or its surrounding structures. These injuries can vary in severity and may include:
1. Corneal abrasions: A scratch or scrape on the clear surface of the eye (cornea).
2. Chemical burns: Occurs when chemicals come into contact with the eye, causing damage to the cornea and other structures.
3. Eyelid lacerations: Cuts or tears to the eyelid.
4. Subconjunctival hemorrhage: Bleeding under the conjunctiva, the clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye.
5. Hyphema: Accumulation of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye, which is the space between the cornea and iris.
6. Orbital fractures: Breaks in the bones surrounding the eye.
7. Retinal detachment: Separation of the retina from its underlying tissue, which can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly.
8. Traumatic uveitis: Inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye, caused by trauma.
9. Optic nerve damage: Damage to the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain.
Eye injuries can result from a variety of causes, including accidents, sports-related injuries, violence, and chemical exposure. It is important to seek medical attention promptly for any suspected eye injury to prevent further damage and potential vision loss.
Dry eye syndrome, also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, is a condition characterized by insufficient lubrication and moisture of the eyes. This occurs when the tears produced by the eyes are not sufficient in quantity or quality to keep the eyes moist and comfortable. The medical definition of dry eye syndromes includes the following symptoms:
1. A gritty or sandy sensation in the eyes
2. Burning or stinging sensations
3. Redness and irritation
4. Blurred vision that improves with blinking
5. Light sensitivity
6. A feeling of something foreign in the eye
7. Stringy mucus in or around the eyes
8. Difficulty wearing contact lenses
9. Watery eyes, which may seem contradictory but can be a response to dryness
10. Eye fatigue and discomfort after prolonged screen time or reading
The causes of dry eye syndromes can include aging, hormonal changes, certain medical conditions (such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, Sjogren's syndrome), medications (antihistamines, decongestants, antidepressants, birth control pills), environmental factors (dry air, wind, smoke, dust), and prolonged screen time or reading.
Treatment for dry eye syndromes depends on the severity of the condition and its underlying causes. It may include artificial tears, lifestyle changes, prescription medications, and in some cases, surgical procedures to improve tear production or drainage.
Eye abnormalities refer to any structural or functional anomalies that affect the eye or its surrounding tissues. These abnormalities can be present at birth (congenital) or acquired later in life due to various factors such as injury, disease, or aging. Some examples of eye abnormalities include:
1. Strabismus: Also known as crossed eyes, strabismus is a condition where the eyes are misaligned and point in different directions.
2. Nystagmus: This is an involuntary movement of the eyes that can be horizontal, vertical, or rotatory.
3. Cataracts: A cataract is a clouding of the lens inside the eye that can cause vision loss.
4. Glaucoma: This is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve and can lead to vision loss.
5. Retinal disorders: These include conditions such as retinal detachment, macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy.
6. Corneal abnormalities: These include conditions such as keratoconus, corneal ulcers, and Fuchs' dystrophy.
7. Orbital abnormalities: These include conditions such as orbital tumors, thyroid eye disease, and Graves' ophthalmopathy.
8. Ptosis: This is a condition where the upper eyelid droops over the eye.
9. Color blindness: A condition where a person has difficulty distinguishing between certain colors.
10. Microphthalmia: A condition where one or both eyes are abnormally small.
These are just a few examples of eye abnormalities, and there are many others that can affect the eye and its functioning. If you suspect that you have an eye abnormality, it is important to consult with an ophthalmologist for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Eye burns typically refer to injuries or damage to the eyes caused by exposure to harmful substances, extreme temperatures, or radiation. This can result in a variety of symptoms, including redness, pain, tearing, swelling, and blurred vision.
Chemical eye burns can occur when the eyes come into contact with strong acids, alkalis, or other irritants. These substances can cause damage to the cornea, conjunctiva, and other structures of the eye. The severity of the burn will depend on the type and concentration of the chemical, as well as the length of time it was in contact with the eye.
Thermal eye burns can result from exposure to hot or cold temperatures, such as steam, flames, or extreme cold. These types of burns can cause damage to the surface of the eye and may require medical attention to prevent further complications.
Radiation eye burns can occur after exposure to high levels of ultraviolet (UV) light, such as from welding torches, sun lamps, or tanning beds. Prolonged exposure to these sources can cause damage to the cornea and other structures of the eye, leading to symptoms like pain, redness, and sensitivity to light.
If you experience symptoms of an eye burn, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible. Treatment may include flushing the eyes with water or saline solution, administering medication to relieve pain and inflammation, or in severe cases, surgery to repair damaged tissue.
Eye enucleation is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the entire eyeball, leaving the eye muscles, eyelids, and orbital structures intact. This procedure is typically performed to treat severe eye conditions or injuries, such as uncontrollable pain, blindness, cancer, or trauma. After the eyeball is removed, an implant may be placed in the socket to help maintain its shape and appearance. The optic nerve and other surrounding tissues are cut during the enucleation procedure, which means that vision cannot be restored in the affected eye. However, the remaining eye structures can still function normally, allowing for regular blinking, tear production, and eyelid movement.
Eye color is a characteristic determined by variations in a person's genes. The color of the eyes depends on the amount and type of pigment called melanin found in the eye's iris.
There are three main types of eye colors: brown, blue, and green. Brown eyes have the most melanin, while blue eyes have the least. Green eyes have a moderate amount of melanin combined with a golden tint that reflects light to give them their unique color.
Eye color is a polygenic trait, which means it is influenced by multiple genes. The two main genes responsible for eye color are OCA2 and HERC2, both located on chromosome 15. These genes control the production, transport, and storage of melanin in the iris.
It's important to note that eye color can change during infancy and early childhood due to the development of melanin in the iris. Additionally, some medications or medical conditions may also cause changes in eye color over time.
An Eye Bank is an organization that collects, stores, and distributes donated human eyes for corneal transplantation and other ocular medical research purposes. The eye bank's primary function is to ensure the quality of the donated tissue and make it available for those in need of sight-restoring procedures.
The cornea, the clear front part of the eye, can be surgically transplanted from a deceased donor to a recipient with corneal damage or disease, thereby improving or restoring their vision. The eye bank's role includes obtaining consent for donation, retrieving the eyes from the donor, evaluating the tissue for suitability, preserving it properly, and then allocating it to surgeons for transplantation.
Eye banks follow strict medical guidelines and adhere to ethical standards to ensure the safety and quality of the donated tissues. The process involves screening potential donors for infectious diseases and other conditions that may affect the quality or safety of the cornea. Once deemed suitable, the corneas are carefully removed, preserved in specific solutions, and stored until they are needed for transplantation.
In addition to corneal transplants, eye banks also support research and education in ophthalmology by providing human eye tissues for various studies aimed at advancing our understanding of eye diseases and developing new treatments.
Visual acuity is a measure of the sharpness or clarity of vision. It is usually tested by reading an eye chart from a specific distance, such as 20 feet (6 meters). The standard eye chart used for this purpose is called the Snellen chart, which contains rows of letters that decrease in size as you read down the chart.
Visual acuity is typically expressed as a fraction, with the numerator representing the testing distance and the denominator indicating the smallest line of type that can be read clearly. For example, if a person can read the line on the eye chart that corresponds to a visual acuity of 20/20, it means they have normal vision at 20 feet. If their visual acuity is 20/40, it means they must be as close as 20 feet to see what someone with normal vision can see at 40 feet.
It's important to note that visual acuity is just one aspect of overall vision and does not necessarily reflect other important factors such as peripheral vision, depth perception, color vision, or contrast sensitivity.
Eye neoplasms, also known as ocular tumors or eye cancer, refer to abnormal growths of tissue in the eye. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Eye neoplasms can develop in various parts of the eye, including the eyelid, conjunctiva, cornea, iris, ciliary body, choroid, retina, and optic nerve.
Benign eye neoplasms are typically slow-growing and do not spread to other parts of the body. They may cause symptoms such as vision changes, eye pain, or a noticeable mass in the eye. Treatment options for benign eye neoplasms include monitoring, surgical removal, or radiation therapy.
Malignant eye neoplasms, on the other hand, can grow and spread rapidly to other parts of the body. They may cause symptoms such as vision changes, eye pain, floaters, or flashes of light. Treatment options for malignant eye neoplasms depend on the type and stage of cancer but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these treatments.
It is important to note that early detection and treatment of eye neoplasms can improve outcomes and prevent complications. Regular eye exams with an ophthalmologist are recommended for early detection and prevention of eye diseases, including eye neoplasms.
"Ocular physiological phenomena" is not a standardized medical term with a specific definition. However, I can provide some examples of ocular physiological phenomena, which refer to various normal functions and processes that occur in the eye. Here are a few examples:
1. Accommodation: The ability of the eye to change optical power to maintain a clear image or focus on an object as its distance varies. This is primarily achieved by changing the curvature of the lens through the action of the ciliary muscles.
2. Pupillary reflex: The automatic adjustment of the pupil's size in response to changes in light intensity. In bright light, the pupil constricts (miosis), while in dim light, it dilates (mydriasis). This reflex helps regulate the amount of light that enters the eye.
3. Tear production: The continuous secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands to keep the eyes moist and protected from dust, microorganisms, and other foreign particles.
4. Extraocular muscle function: The coordinated movement of the six extraocular muscles that control eyeball rotation and enable various gaze directions.
5. Color vision: The ability to perceive and distinguish different colors based on the sensitivity of photoreceptor cells (cones) in the retina to specific wavelengths of light.
6. Dark adaptation: The process by which the eyes adjust to low-light conditions, improving visual sensitivity primarily through changes in the rod photoreceptors' sensitivity and pupil dilation.
7. Light adaptation: The ability of the eye to adjust to different levels of illumination, mainly through alterations in pupil size and photoreceptor cell response.
These are just a few examples of ocular physiological phenomena. There are many more processes and functions that occur within the eye, contributing to our visual perception and overall eye health.
A compound eye is a characteristic type of eye found in arthropods, including insects, crustaceans, and some extinct fossil groups. Each eye is composed of numerous individual photoreceptor units called ommatidia, which function together to provide a wide field of vision and excellent motion detection capabilities.
In an arthropod compound eye, each ommatidium contains a group of visual cells (called retinula cells) surrounding a central rhabdomere, which is the light-sensitive structure that converts light into electrical signals. The number of ommatidia in a compound eye can vary greatly between species and even within different regions of an individual's eye, ranging from just a few to tens of thousands.
Compound eyes offer several advantages for arthropods:
1. Wide Field of Vision: Compound eyes provide a panoramic view of the environment, allowing arthropods to detect predators, prey, or mates from various directions simultaneously.
2. Motion Detection: The apposition-type compound eye (one type of compound eye structure) is particularly adept at detecting motion due to the neural processing of signals between adjacent ommatidia. This allows arthropods to respond quickly to potential threats or opportunities.
3. Light Adaptation: Compound eyes can adapt to different light conditions, allowing arthropods to function effectively in both bright daylight and dimly lit environments. Some species have specialized regions within their compound eyes that are optimized for specific light conditions, such as the dorsal rim area in insects, which is sensitive to polarized skylight.
4. UV Sensitivity: Many arthropods can detect ultraviolet (UV) light due to the presence of photopigments within their ommatidia that absorb UV wavelengths. This ability allows them to perceive patterns and cues in their environment that are invisible to humans, such as floral guides in bees or mate-recognition signals in certain insects.
Despite their limitations in terms of resolution and image quality compared to vertebrate eyes, compound eyes have evolved to serve the unique needs and ecological roles of arthropods effectively.
Eye protective devices are specialized equipment designed to protect the eyes from various hazards and injuries. They include items such as safety glasses, goggles, face shields, welding helmets, and full-face respirators. These devices are engineered to provide a barrier between the eyes and potential dangers like chemical splashes, impact particles, radiation, and other environmental hazards.
Safety glasses are designed to protect against flying debris, dust, and other airborne particles. They typically have side shields to prevent objects from entering the eye from the sides. Goggles offer a higher level of protection than safety glasses as they form a protective seal around the eyes, preventing liquids and fine particles from reaching the eyes.
Face shields and welding helmets are used in industrial settings to protect against radiation, sparks, and molten metal during welding or cutting operations. Full-face respirators are used in environments with harmful airborne particles or gases, providing protection for both the eyes and the respiratory system.
It is essential to choose the appropriate eye protective device based on the specific hazard present to ensure adequate protection.
The retina is the innermost, light-sensitive layer of tissue in the eye of many vertebrates and some cephalopods. It receives light that has been focused by the cornea and lens, converts it into neural signals, and sends these to the brain via the optic nerve. The retina contains several types of photoreceptor cells including rods (which handle vision in low light) and cones (which are active in bright light and are capable of color vision).
In medical terms, any pathological changes or diseases affecting the retinal structure and function can lead to visual impairment or blindness. Examples include age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, and retinitis pigmentosa among others.
Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the fluid pressure within the eye, specifically within the anterior chamber, which is the space between the cornea and the iris. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). The aqueous humor, a clear fluid that fills the anterior chamber, is constantly produced and drained, maintaining a balance that determines the IOP. Normal IOP ranges from 10-21 mmHg, with average values around 15-16 mmHg. Elevated IOP is a key risk factor for glaucoma, a group of eye conditions that can lead to optic nerve damage and vision loss if not treated promptly and effectively. Regular monitoring of IOP is essential in diagnosing and managing glaucoma and other ocular health issues.
Penetrating eye injuries are a type of ocular trauma where a foreign object or substance pierces the outer layers of the eye and damages the internal structures. This can result in serious harm to various parts of the eye, such as the cornea, iris, lens, or retina, and may potentially cause vision loss or blindness if not promptly treated.
The severity of a penetrating eye injury depends on several factors, including the type and size of the object that caused the injury, the location of the wound, and the extent of damage to the internal structures. Common causes of penetrating eye injuries include sharp objects, such as metal shards or glass fragments, projectiles, such as pellets or bullets, and explosive materials.
Symptoms of a penetrating eye injury may include pain, redness, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, floaters, or the presence of a foreign body in the eye. If you suspect that you have sustained a penetrating eye injury, it is essential to seek immediate medical attention from an ophthalmologist or other healthcare professional with experience in treating eye trauma.
Treatment for penetrating eye injuries may include removing any foreign objects or substances from the eye, repairing damaged tissues, and administering medications to prevent infection and reduce inflammation. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair the injury and restore vision. Preventing eye injuries is crucial, and appropriate protective eyewear should be worn when engaging in activities that pose a risk of eye trauma.
Ophthalmic solutions are sterile, single-use or multi-dose preparations in a liquid form that are intended for topical administration to the eye. These solutions can contain various types of medications, such as antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents, antihistamines, or lubricants, which are used to treat or prevent ocular diseases and conditions.
The pH and osmolarity of ophthalmic solutions are carefully controlled to match the physiological environment of the eye and minimize any potential discomfort or irritation. The solutions may be packaged in various forms, including drops, sprays, or irrigations, depending on the intended use and administration route.
It is important to follow the instructions for use provided by a healthcare professional when administering ophthalmic solutions, as improper use can lead to eye injury or reduced effectiveness of the medication.
Foreign bodies in the eye refer to any object or particle that is not normally present in the eye and becomes lodged in it. These foreign bodies can range from small particles like sand or dust to larger objects such as metal shavings or glass. They can cause irritation, pain, redness, watering, and even vision loss if they are not removed promptly and properly.
The symptoms of an eye foreign body may include:
* A feeling that something is in the eye
* Pain or discomfort in the eye
* Redness or inflammation of the eye
* Watering or tearing of the eye
* Sensitivity to light
* Blurred vision or difficulty seeing
If you suspect that you have a foreign body in your eye, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. An eye care professional can examine your eye and determine the best course of treatment to remove the foreign body and prevent any further damage to your eye.
Eye movement measurements, also known as oculometry, refer to the measurement and analysis of eye movements. This can include assessing the direction, speed, range, and patterns of eye movement. These measurements are often used in research and clinical settings to understand various aspects of vision, perception, and cognition. They can be used to diagnose and monitor conditions that affect eye movement, such as strabismus (crossed eyes), amblyopia (lazy eye), or neurological disorders. Additionally, eye movement measurements are also used in areas such as human-computer interaction, marketing research, and virtual reality to understand how individuals interact with their environment.
Ocular fixation is a term used in ophthalmology and optometry to refer to the ability of the eyes to maintain steady gaze or visual focus on an object. It involves the coordinated movement of the extraocular muscles that control eye movements, allowing for clear and stable vision.
In medical terminology, fixation specifically refers to the state in which the eyes are aligned and focused on a single point in space. This is important for maintaining visual perception and preventing blurring or double vision. Ocular fixation can be affected by various factors such as muscle weakness, nerve damage, or visual processing disorders.
Assessment of ocular fixation is often used in eye examinations to evaluate visual acuity, eye alignment, and muscle function. Abnormalities in fixation may indicate the presence of underlying eye conditions or developmental delays that require further investigation and treatment.
The posterior segment of the eye refers to the back portion of the interior of the eye, including the vitreous, retina, choroid, and optic nerve. This region is responsible for processing visual information and transmitting it to the brain. The retina contains photoreceptor cells that convert light into electrical signals, which are then sent through the optic nerve to the brain for interpretation as images. Disorders of the posterior eye segment can lead to vision loss or blindness.
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often caused by an abnormally high pressure in the eye (intraocular pressure). This damage can lead to permanent vision loss or even blindness if left untreated. The most common type is open-angle glaucoma, which has no warning signs and progresses slowly. Angle-closure glaucoma, on the other hand, can cause sudden eye pain, redness, nausea, and vomiting, as well as rapid vision loss. Other less common types of glaucoma also exist. While there is no cure for glaucoma, early detection and treatment can help slow or prevent further vision loss.
The vitreous body, also known simply as the vitreous, is the clear, gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina in the eye. It is composed mainly of water, but also contains collagen fibers, hyaluronic acid, and other proteins. The vitreous helps to maintain the shape of the eye and provides a transparent medium for light to pass through to reach the retina. With age, the vitreous can become more liquefied and may eventually separate from the retina, leading to symptoms such as floaters or flashes of light.
The sclera is the tough, white, fibrous outer coating of the eye in humans and other vertebrates, covering about five sixths of the eyeball's surface. It provides protection for the delicate inner structures of the eye and maintains its shape. The sclera is composed mainly of collagen and elastic fiber, making it strong and resilient. Its name comes from the Greek word "skleros," which means hard.
Axial length, in the context of the eye, refers to the measurement of the distance between the front and back portions of the eye, specifically from the cornea (the clear front "window" of the eye) to the retina (the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye). This measurement is typically expressed in millimeters (mm).
The axial length of the eye is an important factor in determining the overall refractive power of the eye and can play a role in the development of various eye conditions, such as myopia (nearsightedness) or hyperopia (farsightedness). Changes in axial length, particularly elongation, are often associated with an increased risk of developing myopia. Regular monitoring of axial length can help eye care professionals track changes in the eye and manage these conditions more effectively.
The anterior chamber is the front portion of the eye, located between the cornea (the clear front "window" of the eye) and the iris (the colored part of the eye). It is filled with a clear fluid called aqueous humor that provides nutrients to the structures inside the eye and helps maintain its shape. The anterior chamber plays an important role in maintaining the overall health and function of the eye.
Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is a common refractive error of the eye. It occurs when the eye is either too long or the cornea (the clear front part of the eye) is too curved. As a result, light rays focus in front of the retina instead of directly on it, causing distant objects to appear blurry while close objects remain clear.
Myopia typically develops during childhood and can progress gradually or rapidly until early adulthood. It can be corrected with glasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery such as LASIK. Regular eye examinations are essential for people with myopia to monitor any changes in their prescription and ensure proper correction.
While myopia is generally not a serious condition, high levels of nearsightedness can increase the risk of certain eye diseases, including cataracts, glaucoma, retinal detachment, and myopic degeneration. Therefore, it's crucial to manage myopia effectively and maintain regular follow-ups with an eye care professional.
Aqueous humor is a clear, watery fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. It is produced by the ciliary processes in the posterior chamber and circulates through the pupil into the anterior chamber, where it provides nutrients to the cornea and lens, maintains intraocular pressure, and helps to shape the eye. The aqueous humor then drains out of the eye through the trabecular meshwork and into the canal of Schlemm, eventually reaching the venous system.
In medical terms, the iris refers to the colored portion of the eye that surrounds the pupil. It is a circular structure composed of thin, contractile muscle fibers (radial and circumferential) arranged in a regular pattern. These muscles are controlled by the autonomic nervous system and can adjust the size of the pupil in response to changes in light intensity or emotional arousal. By constricting or dilating the iris, the amount of light entering the eye can be regulated, which helps maintain optimal visual acuity under various lighting conditions.
The color of the iris is determined by the concentration and distribution of melanin pigments within the iris stroma. The iris also contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue that support its structure and function. Anatomically, the iris is continuous with the ciliary body and the choroid, forming part of the uveal tract in the eye.
The ciliary body is a part of the eye's internal structure that is located between the choroid and the iris. It is composed of muscle tissue and is responsible for adjusting the shape of the lens through a process called accommodation, which allows the eye to focus on objects at varying distances. Additionally, the ciliary body produces aqueous humor, the clear fluid that fills the anterior chamber of the eye and helps to nourish the eye's internal structures. The ciliary body is also responsible for maintaining the shape and position of the lens within the eye.
In medical terms, "tears" are a clear, salty liquid that is produced by the tear glands (lacrimal glands) in our eyes. They serve to keep the eyes moist, protect against dust and other foreign particles, and help to provide clear vision by maintaining a smooth surface on the front of the eye. Tears consist of water, oil, and mucus, which help to prevent evaporation and ensure that the tears spread evenly across the surface of the eye. Emotional or reflexive responses, such as crying or yawning, can also stimulate the production of tears.
The crystalline lens is a biconvex transparent structure in the eye that helps to refract (bend) light rays and focus them onto the retina. It is located behind the iris and pupil and is suspended by small fibers called zonules that connect it to the ciliary body. The lens can change its shape to accommodate and focus on objects at different distances, a process known as accommodation. With age, the lens may become cloudy or opaque, leading to cataracts.
Visual fields refer to the total area in which objects can be seen while keeping the eyes focused on a central point. It is the entire area that can be observed using peripheral (side) vision while the eye gazes at a fixed point. A visual field test is used to detect blind spots or gaps (scotomas) in a person's vision, which could indicate various medical conditions such as glaucoma, retinal damage, optic nerve disease, brain tumors, or strokes. The test measures both the central and peripheral vision and maps the entire area that can be seen when focusing on a single point.
In the context of medical terminology, I believe you may be referring to "pursuit" as it relates to neurological tests. A smooth pursuit is a type of eye movement in which the eyes smoothly and slowly follow a moving object. It requires coordination between the extraocular muscles, vestibular system, and visual system. If there are issues with any of these systems, smooth pursuit can be affected, leading to abnormalities such as jerky or saccadic movements.
Therefore, "smooth pursuit" is a medical term used to describe the normal, coordinated movement of the eyes that allows for the tracking of moving objects in a smooth and continuous manner.
Artificial tears
Theodor Axenfeld
Radial keratotomy
Gramicidin
Acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Ghana
Ophthalmic drug administration
Intravitreal injection
Peripheral ulcerative keratitis
Ciprofloxacin
Uveitis
Chloramphenicol
Dacryoadenitis
Oranda
Canine distemper
Cuterebra fontinella
Levofloxacin
Vachellia seyal
Cotton-Eyed Joe
Azidamfenicol
Moxifloxacin
Concentrated animal feeding operation
Conjunctivitis
Beef cattle vaccination in Australia
Complement factor I
Neglected tropical diseases
Smallpox
Outbreak of monkeypox at Rotterdam Zoo
Erythromycin
HLA-B
Shingles
Gentamicin
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Conjunctivitis25
- Ophthalmia neonatorum (neonatal conjunctivitis) can be easily prevented with prophylactic administration of topical antimicrobial drugs, as recommended by global guidelines for the management of sexually transmitted infections ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
- The mainstay of treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis is topical antibiotic therapy, with the intent of significantly reducing the duration of symptoms and likelihood of contagion. (medscape.com)
- For mild and non-vision-threatening bacterial conjunctivitis, older-generation antibiotics should be used. (medscape.com)
- [ 23 ] For moderate to severe bacterial conjunctivitis, the latest-generation fluoroquinolones provide excellent gram-negative and some gram-positive bacterial coverage. (medscape.com)
- Inpatient care for bacterial conjunctivitis is highly unusual and would be provided only if hospitalization is indicated for other reasons or if antibiotic treatment is required every 15 minutes around the clock (severe cases). (medscape.com)
- Therefore, it is more common to see a red eye due to endogenous endophthalmitis, hyperacute gonorrheal conjunctivitis, orbital cellulitis, or a perforated corneal ulcer in this population. (medscape.com)
- Serious consideration should be given to admitting patients with hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis if the entire cornea cannot be visualized, as there may be an early peripheral corneal ulceration threatening perforation, especially in Neisseria infections. (medscape.com)
- Most practitioners prescribe a broad-spectrum agent on an empirical basis without culture for routine, mild cases of bacterial conjunctivitis. (medscape.com)
- Bacterial eye infections, also known as bacterial conjunctivitis or simply pink eye, occur when harmful bacteria invade the conjunctiva. (sillypharma.com)
- bacterial pink eye) is a bacterial infection of the eye which causes inflammation or swelling of the conjunctiva, Neofloxin D eye drops is indicated for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis caused by susceptible isolates of the following microorganisms:Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mitis group, Streptococcus pneumoniae and others. (pharmacily.com)
- Does This Patient With Acute Infectious Conjunctivitis Have a Bacterial Infection? (jamanetwork.com)
- Question Which clinical findings differentiate patients with viral conjunctivitis from those with bacterial conjunctivitis? (jamanetwork.com)
- Findings In this systemic review, the relative prevalence of bacterial conjunctivitis was higher than viral conjunctivitis in children, and the prevalence of viral conjunctivitis was higher than bacterial conjunctivitis in adults, but the underlying prevalence data were limited. (jamanetwork.com)
- clinical findings associated with a higher likelihood of bacterial conjunctivitis included mucopurulent discharge and otitis media. (jamanetwork.com)
- Meaning Among patients presenting with ocular redness and discharge suggestive of infectious conjunctivitis, certain clinical findings may suggest viral vs bacterial conjunctivitis, although no single symptom or sign differentiated the 2 conditions with high certainty. (jamanetwork.com)
- Evidence-based tools to aid the clinical diagnosis of viral vs bacterial conjunctivitis are lacking and may contribute to overprescribing of topical antibiotics. (jamanetwork.com)
- Objective To determine the relative prevalence of viral vs bacterial conjunctivitis in adults and children, and to determine which symptoms or signs are suggestive of a viral vs bacterial etiology. (jamanetwork.com)
- Study Selection Consecutive series of patients presenting with acute infectious conjunctivitis and case series of viral or bacterial conjunctivitis alone. (jamanetwork.com)
- mean age, 4.7 years [age range, 1 month-18 years]), the prevalence of bacterial conjunctivitis was higher than viral conjunctivitis (71% vs 16%, respectively, P = .01). (jamanetwork.com)
- chronic bacterial conjunctivitis may be caused by Chlamydia and rarely Moraxella . (msdmanuals.com)
- Overview of Conjunctivitis Conjunctival inflammation typically results from infection, allergy, or irritation. (msdmanuals.com)
- Bacterial conjunctivitis is usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Haemophilus species, Moraxella catarrhalis or, less commonly, Chlamydia trachomatis . (msdmanuals.com)
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes gonococcal conjunctivitis, which usually results from sexual contact with a person who has a genital infection. (msdmanuals.com)
- neonatal conjunctivitis) results from a maternal gonococcal and/or chlamydial infection. (msdmanuals.com)
- However, differentiation between bacterial and viral conjunctivitis is often difficult based on clinical criteria because symptoms often overlap. (msdmanuals.com)
Symptoms32
- Consumers concerned about eye drop products containing MSM should watch for signs and symptoms of eye infection and seek medical care immediately. (healthline.com)
- However, federal regulators urge people experiencing signs or symptoms of eye infection to talk with their doctor as soon as possible. (healthline.com)
- The agency urged people who have signs or symptoms of an eye infection to seek medical care immediately. (phillipslaw.com)
- Eye infection symptoms can include yellow, green, or clear discharge from the eye, eye pain or discomfort, redness of the eye or eyelid, increased sensitivity to light, blurry vision, and a feeling of something in your eye (foreign body sensation). (phillipslaw.com)
- What are the symptoms of Bacterial Keratitis? (visionenhancers.com)
- There are a number of symptoms, which may alert about the presence of this infection. (visionenhancers.com)
- If you experience multiple of those symptoms, you should set an appointment with your opthamologist right away, as this condition infection can cause heavy damage to your sight. (visionenhancers.com)
- We will explore what causes these infections, delve into their various symptoms, and discuss the best practices for effective management. (sillypharma.com)
- Now that we've understood what bacterial eye infections are and how they occur, let's explore the symptoms that can help you identify whether you might be dealing with one. (sillypharma.com)
- Bacterial eye infections often bring along a set of distinct symptoms, making them relatively easy to recognize. (sillypharma.com)
- The symptoms may include a mucous discharge (usually colored), redness of the eye and swelling of lids and of the white of the eye. (chicago-eyedoctors.com)
- There are several factors that can help us differentiate all of these conditions such as the nature of the discharge, patient history-in particular the nature of the onset and other associated symptoms (burning or itching), light sensitivity, presence in one eye vs. both and most importantly the appearance of the eye on examination with a microscope. (chicago-eyedoctors.com)
- Symptoms of corneal ulcerations, which also occur from external trauma in normal eyes, include eye discharge, redness, and inflammation. (rabbit.org)
- This contributes to dry eye , the symptoms of which can be redness, irritation and burning. (livestrong.com)
- Eye infection symptoms include pain, swelling, discharge, redness, blurry vision, sensitivity to light and the feeling that an object is stuck in the eye. (fox5ny.com)
- Soon after the initial infection, fever and bacterial infection of the blood develop, but these symptoms soon resolve with the reactive increase of antibodies, which clear the spirochetes from most of the system. (petmd.com)
- Advise patients who used EzriCare Artificial Tears to monitor for signs and symptoms of infection. (cdc.gov)
- They do not typically cause symptoms or even an infection. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Symptoms of an eye infection can include discharge, eye pain or discomfort, redness of the eye or eyelid, the feeling of something in the eye, as well as increased sensitivity to light or blurry vision. (cbsnews.com)
- Caution individuals considering LASIK that dry eye symptoms affect up to 40% of patients following surgery. (aafp.org)
- Only 2% to 3% of patients consider dry eye symptoms to be bothersome. (aafp.org)
- Caution individuals with chronic pain syndromes (e.g., fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, migraine) or contact lens intolerance that patients with these conditions report more dry eye symptoms following LASIK. (aafp.org)
- Dry eye symptoms are multifactorial, but some may be manifestations of corneal neuropathy. (aafp.org)
- Tell your doctor right away if your condition does not improve in a few days or if you develop new or worsening eye symptoms (such as discharge, swelling, redness, pain). (webmd.com)
- Early symptoms of this virus may include a painful sore on your eye surface or eyelid, and an inflamed cornea. (webmd.com)
- The symptoms of Pseudomonas infections depend on what part of the body becomes infected with the bacteria. (livescience.com)
- Do not wear contact lenses while you have any signs or symptoms of an eye infection. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Our risk for infection increases when we are colonized , meaning we have a threatening pathogen in our body but do not have symptoms of an infection. (cdc.gov)
- Symptoms are typically unilateral but frequently spread to the opposite eye within a few days. (msdmanuals.com)
- With ophthalmia neonatorum caused by a chlamydial infection, symptoms appear within 5 to 14 days. (msdmanuals.com)
- Smears and bacterial cultures should be done in patients with severe symptoms, immunocompromise, ineffective initial therapy, or a vulnerable eye (eg, after a corneal transplant, in exophthalmos due to Graves disease). (msdmanuals.com)
- Sexually transmitted infections may be present without symptoms or with symptoms that are mild and transient, but they may have severe long-term consequences such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic illness and premature death. (who.int)
Eyelid10
- Both Holly and her father, Patrick, had a congenital condition called entropion, where the eyelid folds under and can rub the eye, causing painful corneal ulcerations. (rabbit.org)
- rash , itching /swelling (especially of the face/ tongue /throat/ eye /eyelid), severe dizziness , trouble breathing . (webmd.com)
- Drops can treat this infection or irritation of the conjunctiva, the clear membrane that lines your eyelid and covers your eye. (webmd.com)
- Ectropion (pronounced ek-TROH-pee-on) is a condition that causes the lower eyelid to sag downward away from the surface of the eye. (allaboutvision.com)
- Ectropion can be treated with eye drops, taping the eyelid and surgery. (allaboutvision.com)
- If the lower eyelid sags or rolls outward enough, ectropion can keep the upper and lower lids from touching when the eye is closed, leaving the cornea exposed during sleep and potentially leading to more serious corneal conditions. (allaboutvision.com)
- Also, the inner lower eyelid is left exposed, causing the eye to become red, sore and irritated. (allaboutvision.com)
- This procedure requires stitches below the eyelid or on the outside corner of the eye. (allaboutvision.com)
- This ectropion surgery will make it possible for the eyelid to sit properly on the eye. (allaboutvision.com)
- 8 reasons for your swollen eye or eyelid. (healthline.com)
Blindness11
- The contaminated products could lead to eye infections, loss of vision, and blindness. (healthline.com)
- On October 27, the FDA issued a drug safety alert over certain eye drop products that can potentially cause eye infections, vision loss, and even blindness. (healthline.com)
- The recalled eye drops causing infection and blindness have resulted in three deaths already, and although the impacted products have been removed from stores and healthcare facilities, that number could still rise. (phillipslaw.com)
- Post-operative ocular infections are a major concern among ophthalmologists, as it could lead to potential blindness if not treated promptly. (veterinarian.news)
- Use of contaminated eye drops can result in the risk of eye infections that could result in blindness," according to Pharmedica's Feb. 3 recall notice. (cbsnews.com)
- Use of Purely Soothing 15% MSM eye drops can result in the risk of eye infections that could result in blindness, according to Pharmedica's recall posted Friday. (cbsnews.com)
- FDA Recalls Dozens More Eye Drop Products More than 2 dozen products could cause eye infections or blindness, after bacterial contamination and unsanitary conditions were found at a manufacturing facility, the agency said. (medscape.com)
- Chlamydia trachomatis is also able to colonize the eye, and the resulting inflammation is the leading cause of blindness by an infectious agent in several developing countries. (pasteur.fr)
- Brazzaville/Lilongwe - World Health Organization (WHO) has validated Malawi as having eliminated trachoma-a bacterial eye infection that can cause irreversible blindness if untreated-as a public health problem. (who.int)
- Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness and is triggered by infection with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. (who.int)
- Finally, it will reduce adverse outcomes of pregnancy, such as stillbirth and perinatal death due to syphilis, and blindness caused by gonococcal and chlamydial infections. (who.int)
Conjunctiva8
- Ocular samples were obtained from both eyes of the newborns by vigorous swabbing across the inferior tarsal conjunctiva. (cdc.gov)
- One crucial component is the conjunctiva, a clear and thin membrane that covers the white part of your eye (the sclera) and the inside of your eyelids. (sillypharma.com)
- When you touch your eyes with unclean hands, you provide an entry point for bacteria to infiltrate your conjunctiva. (sillypharma.com)
- Classic pink eye refers to a bacterial infection of the outer layer (the conjunctiva) of the eye. (chicago-eyedoctors.com)
- Chemosis occurs when the eye is irritated and the conjunctiva swells. (healthline.com)
- The conjunctiva is the clear membrane covering your outer eye. (healthline.com)
- A viral or bacterial infection in the conjunctiva often causes it. (healthline.com)
- Conjunctiva of both eyes were hyperemic, corneal epithelial edema and keratic prepitates were observed in the lower quadrant. (healthimpactnews.com)
Inflammation5
- The normally white part of the eye turns pink or red, indicating irritation and inflammation. (sillypharma.com)
- Researchers from the Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences at the Wayne State University School of Medicine have identified three non-antibiotic drugs can protect the eye from severe inflammation during bacterial infection. (veterinarian.news)
- We were excited to find that, while intravitreal injections of all the drugs reduced intraocular inflammation in even methicillin-resistant SA-infected mouse eyes, DC and CT were able to reduce bacterial burden too. (veterinarian.news)
- In Graves' ophthalmopathy, the immune system attacks the tissues and muscles surrounding the eyes, resulting in inflammation that produces a bulging-eye effect. (healthline.com)
- Sore eyes may occur for a number of reasons, including too much screen time, dehydration, or an inflammation-related eye condition. (healthline.com)
Antibiotics12
- Later-generation antibiotics should be reserved for more serious infections to minimize creation of bacterial resistance in the ocular surface flora. (medscape.com)
- Systemic antibiotics are indicated for N gonorrhoeae and chlamydial infections. (medscape.com)
- A prospective multicentre randomized placebo-controlled superiority trial in patients with suspected bacterial endophthalmitis after cataract surgery on the adjuvant use of intravitreal dexamethasone to intravitreal antibiotics. (medscape.com)
- These antibiotics are specifically designed to combat the bacterial infection within your eye. (sillypharma.com)
- However, there's more to effectively managing bacterial eye infections than just applying antibiotics. (sillypharma.com)
- The drugs can also be used as adjunct therapy with standard antibiotics to minimize infection outcomes. (veterinarian.news)
- My 2 1/2 year old mixed lab has been on antibiotics for the past 6 weeks to clear "probable skin infection" (a tiny little redness around some folicules)causing really bad excessive dandruff (which started last December, winter dry indoor season). (vetinfo.com)
- Antibiotics in this case would have been for the infection usually in the form of a staph infection of the skin. (vetinfo.com)
- Treatment with antibiotics through a needle in a vein (IV antibiotics) can significantly reduce the risk of a GBS infection passing to the baby. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Doctors often prescribe medically unnecessary antibiotics to children with sinus infections caused by viruses, a new study warns. (aboutlawsuits.com)
- Infections are treated with antibiotics, though they are becoming more difficult to treat as the bacteria develop resistance to the drugs, according to the CDC. (livescience.com)
- If it's a bacterial infection, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics. (healthline.com)
Keratitis6
- So what exactly is Bacterial Keratitis and what can you do to prevent it, we will take a look below. (visionenhancers.com)
- What is Bacterial Keratitis? (visionenhancers.com)
- How do you treat Bacterial Keratitis? (visionenhancers.com)
- The exact incidence of fungal keratitis in the general population is unknown, but it's thought to be more common in warmer climates where the fungi that cause these infections are likely more common in the environment. (cdc.gov)
- Because contact lens wear causes changes in tear film and corneal metabolism and can render the cornea susceptible to bacterial invasion, we examined the role of contact lens wear in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) keratitis and its relation to the early defense mechanism, specifically whether the acute polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) response is altered by contact lens wear. (nih.gov)
- Thirty-three rabbit eyes were examined in an experimental model for P. aeruginosa keratitis. (nih.gov)
Discharge7
- Bacterial eye infections frequently produce a yellow or greenish discharge. (sillypharma.com)
- You may notice this discharge particularly after sleep, as it accumulates in the corners of your eyes. (sillypharma.com)
- If your eye is 'glued' shut in the morning due to discharge, it's a strong indicator of a bacterial infection. (sillypharma.com)
- For rabbits with eye discharge, Dr. David W. Penney, at Irving Street Veterinary Hospital in San Francisco, usually "assumes the worst" and treats for infection by prescribing the antibiotic Baytril for 7-10 days to start. (rabbit.org)
- Yellow or green nasal discharge is seen with both viral and bacterial sinus infections. (healthychildren.org)
- Suspect a bacterial infection if the discharge becomes thick (like pus). (healthychildren.org)
- Infection spreads from person to person through contaminated fingers, fomites and flies that have come into contact with discharge from the eyes or nose of an infected person. (who.int)
Redness2
- Temporary eye redness/ itching /pain or temporary blurred vision may occur. (webmd.com)
- A 54-year-old female patient, who did not have any disease other than diabetes mellitus, had complaints of redness, blurred vision, eye and headache that started in both eyes 3 days after the first dose of BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine. (healthimpactnews.com)
Bacteria23
- Several types of eye drops have been recalled due to a serious drug-resistant bacteria outbreak - one that has led to both permanent loss of vision and even a number of deaths. (phillipslaw.com)
- Several eye drop brands are linked to an outbreak of a bacteria known as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, according to CBS News . (phillipslaw.com)
- On February 2, Global Pharma Healthcare recalled all lots of its EzriCare and Delsam Pharma brands of " Artificial Tears Lubricant Eye Drops ," which the company said could be contaminated with bacteria. (phillipslaw.com)
- It is also an infection that progresses very quickly, depending on the bacteria which causes it, which only adds to the urgency for action. (visionenhancers.com)
- One of the most common ways bacteria enter the eye is through direct contact. (sillypharma.com)
- Makeup and cosmetics, especially those applied around the eyes, can become a breeding ground for bacteria if they are old or contaminated. (sillypharma.com)
- Applying such cosmetics can introduce bacteria to your eyes. (sillypharma.com)
- Diagnosing a bacterial eye infection typically involves a medical examination, during which a healthcare provider will examine your eye and may perform a simple swab or a rapid strep test to determine if bacteria are causing the infection. (sillypharma.com)
- Your healthcare provider will prescribe a specific antibiotic based on the type of bacteria causing the infection. (sillypharma.com)
- Bacteria infection isn't something that should be left untreated as such a condition can be potentially life-threatening. (thefrisky.com)
- If it is infection [such bacteria as Pasteurella, Bordetella, or Staphylococcus] (2,3) you don't want to take any chances because it can quickly spread to the jaw or the respiratory tract. (rabbit.org)
- The CDC discovered the bacteria in the eye drop bottles and is conducting tests to determine whether that bacteria matches the strain found in patients. (fox5ny.com)
- The extent to which this bacteria affects the organs will depend on your cat's immune system and its ability to eradicate the infection fully. (petmd.com)
- Ciprofloxacin works by killing bacteria that cause infections, and Dexamethasone , a corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties for treatment of swelling and pain. (pharmacily.com)
- is an infection of the cornea (the clear dome covering the colored part of the eye) that is caused by bacteria. (pharmacily.com)
- One of the most common infections after eye surgeries is Staphylococcus aureus-induced endophthalmitis, in which bacteria from the outside gains access to the inner eye. (veterinarian.news)
- But, around 50% of these infections are also caused by different antibiotic-resistant strains of the bacteria, which predispose the patients to treatment failure and vision loss. (veterinarian.news)
- Scanning electron microscopy revealed massive PMN accumulation in the P. aeruginosa-inoculated corneas without SCL and some, but distinctively fewer, PMNs in the bacteria-inoculated eyes with SCL. (nih.gov)
- Uterine infections often develop when bacteria from the vagina travels to the uterus, so an untreated vaginal infection is a risk factor for uterine infections. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.This medication treats only bacterial eye infections. (webmd.com)
- Pseudomonas bacteria can also cause ear, skin, eye and blood infections. (livescience.com)
- Healthcare providers treating VIM-GES-CRPA infections should consult with a specialist knowledgeable in the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to determine the best treatment option. (cdc.gov)
- Elizabeth Briere] Haemophilus influenza, or Hi, are bacteria that can cause a variety of infections in children and adults. (cdc.gov)
Contamination6
- The FDA's latest warning follows two other similar incidents this year, during which eye drop products were recalled due to contamination. (healthline.com)
- On August 22, the FDA issued a warning on eye drops containing the active ingredient methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) due to bacterial or fungal contamination or both. (healthline.com)
- On February 24, Global Pharma also recalled one batch of a product distributed by Delsam Pharma, "Artificial Eye Ointment ," due to possible microbial contamination. (phillipslaw.com)
- VIM-GES-CRPA recovered from opened bottles could represent either bacterial contamination during use or during the manufacturing process. (cdc.gov)
- To avoid contamination, do not touch the dropper tip or let it touch your eye or any other surface. (webmd.com)
- A CVS-brand nasal spray is being voluntarily recalled due to potential bacterial contamination, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced today (Aug. 8). (livescience.com)
20233
- UPDATE: As of May 19, 2023, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported the death toll linked to the recalled eye drops had risen to four people. (phillipslaw.com)
- SPD 2023 Dermatologic Therapies and the Eyes: Tips from a Specialist Despite the potential for serious ophthalmic side effects from steroids and biologics in children, the actual risks are low to none when treatments are employed appropriately, says Sara Grace, MD. (medscape.com)
- ASLMS 2023 IPL-RF Combination Effective for Dry Eyes in Small Study The study evaluated the effects of intense pulsed light with topical radiofrequency in 11 patients with dry eye disease related to meibomian gland dysfunction. (medscape.com)
Pathogens5
- One of the phases of the program was to analyze the usefulness of molecular biology tests to detect 2 of the most common sexually transmitted pathogens associated with transmission from the mother to the eye of the child- Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae ( 3 )-and an emerging third pathogen ( 4 ), Mycoplasma genitalium . (cdc.gov)
- This membrane acts as a protective shield, defending your eye against external irritants and pathogens. (sillypharma.com)
- We are currently investigating the mechanisms underlying antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of these drugs and testing their efficacy against other bacterial pathogens in order to fully elucidate the crosstalk between the drugs, the host and the microbe. (veterinarian.news)
- We have a better chance of fighting infections when our microbiomes are in balance -a mix of "good" beneficial germs to help keep the "bad" pathogens in check. (cdc.gov)
- Many of the more than 30 bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens that are transmissible sexually, including HIV, are transmitted predominantly through sexual intercourse. (who.int)
Severe8
- This infection can be relatively severe and in some cases, if left untreated, it can seriously harm the eyesight of an individual. (visionenhancers.com)
- If the GvHD is severe and requires intense immunosuppression involving steroids and additional agents to get under control, the patient may develop severe infections [12] as a result of the immunosuppression and may die of infection. (wikipedia.org)
- Infection of the liver or kidneys can be fatal when the infection progresses, leading to severe organ damage. (petmd.com)
- Someone who is pregnant might be more vulnerable to certain infections and may develop more severe complications if the infections are left untreated. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- A Bard PowerPort lawsuit claims the defective design of the port catheter led to a woman developing a severe infection and needing to have the implant surgically removed. (aboutlawsuits.com)
- For a more severe infection, you might need fortified antibiotic drops or more extensive treatments -- maybe even surgery. (webmd.com)
- In these groups of people, the infection can lead to severe illness and death. (livescience.com)
- use to severe infections. (mindmeister.com)
Occur5
- These infections most commonly occur in patients who are debilitated, immunocompromised, or diabetic or in corneas with an underlying pathologic condition. (medscape.com)
- So, let's start our journey by understanding what bacterial eye infections are and how they occur. (sillypharma.com)
- As with other antibiotic preparations, sometimes additional infections may occur caused by organisms which are not affected by Ciprofloxacin. (pharmacily.com)
- Upper respiratory tract infections occur in 20% to 25% of patients using Advair. (medicinenet.com)
- These infections tend to occur during pregnancy because of changes in the immune system, increased production of glycogen, and higher estrogen levels. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Corneal ulcer1
- Escherichia coli is a gram-negative rod that is found as a normal commensal in the GI tract, which can produce ocular infection including corneal ulcer and endophthalmitis, which can result in a devastating outcome. (medscape.com)
Endophthalmitis7
- bacterial endophthalmitis is more common. (cdc.gov)
- In 2012, CDC, state and local health departments, and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) investigated a multistate outbreak of Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex endophthalmitis associated with Brilliant Blue-G, a type of dye used during eye surgery, and Bipolaris endophthalmitis associated with eye injections of a steroid called triamcinolone. (cdc.gov)
- In endogenous endophthalmitis, urinary tract infection was the most common primary site of infection and nearly all patients are diabetic. (medscape.com)
- Approximately 5-10% of endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis is due to E coli . (medscape.com)
- Men are 4 times more likely to have ocular trauma than women, which may lead to bacterial endophthalmitis. (medscape.com)
- In their search for alternative therapeutics to treat ocular infections, they used high-throughput techniques of transcriptomics to understand the genome-level alterations involved in the host response during bacterial endophthalmitis, and adopted an innovative systems biology approach to identify key molecules and pathways associated with Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis, Dr. The added. (veterinarian.news)
- Working with study collaborator Manoj Bhasin, Ph.D., of Emory University in Atlanta, Ga., who performed in-silico studies, including CMap analyses, the team predicted the three drugs that reversed gene signatures of bacterial endophthalmitis in an animal model's retina - Dequalinium chloride, Clofilium tosylate and Glybenclamide. (veterinarian.news)
Complications6
- Uterine infections may produce more complications, however. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Pregnancy causes many changes in the body, making people more susceptible to complications from many infections. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- In addition to people with weakened immune systems, people with cystic fibrosis are also at risk for life-threatening complications from this infection, the FDA said. (livescience.com)
- A bacterial infection called trachoma can be caused by an eye injury, eye surgery complications or eye infection and lead to this type of ectropion. (allaboutvision.com)
- Repeated infections in early childhood result in late complications years to decades later. (who.int)
- Although I had suffered from dry eye before, I didn't notice any complications until recently. (medlineplus.gov)
Chlamydia2
- It is essential to get a diagnosis before beginning treatment as other infections, such as bacterial vaginosis and chlamydia , can be confused with yeast infections. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial cause of sexually transmitted infection. (pasteur.fr)
Irritation6
- You may find yourself rubbing or blinking your eyes more frequently in response to this irritation. (sillypharma.com)
- This is your body's natural response to irritation, and while it may seem counterintuitive, it's a common symptom of bacterial eye infections. (sillypharma.com)
- Purely Soothing is used as an anti-inflammatory remedy to help with eye irritation or swelling. (cbsnews.com)
- It is most commonly caused by the natural weakening of tissue and muscle during the aging process and can cause eye dryness, irritation and excessive tearing. (allaboutvision.com)
- This can make the eye more susceptible to irritation and infection. (allaboutvision.com)
- I recommend that anyone suffering from any type of serious eye irritation or dry eye-especially chronic dry eye-get in touch with an eye doctor. (medlineplus.gov)
Drops or Ointments2
- If the test is positive, treatment usually involves antibiotic eye drops or ointments. (sillypharma.com)
- If you are using another kind of eye medication (such as drops or ointments), wait at least 5 minutes before applying other medications . (webmd.com)
Fungal eye infection1
- His laboratory has been involved in investigating host pathogen interactions and new treatment options in bacterial, viral and fungal eye infection models for several years. (veterinarian.news)
Antibiotic9
- The CDC's investigation revealed that the infections linked to the eyedrops can be treated by just one known antibiotic, called cefiderocol. (phillipslaw.com)
- Antibiotic drops are the other step, which is used to treat this infection. (visionenhancers.com)
- Now, if your doctor recommends that you should be taking some antibiotic as well due to the nature of infection you should ask if Cipro is an option. (thefrisky.com)
- Susmita Das, Ph.D., a postdoctoral fellow in Dr. Kumar's laboratory, is the lead author on "Transcriptomics and systems biology identify non-antibiotic drugs for the treatment of ocular bacterial infection," published in iScience, a Cell Press journal. (veterinarian.news)
- The study team tested the efficacy of the drugs and revealed that all exhibited anti-inflammatory properties against both antibiotic-sensitive and resistant bacterial strains in human cultured retinal cells. (veterinarian.news)
- We also wanted to check the outcome of the disease following an adjunct therapy of these drugs with the existing antibiotic treatment during ocular infection and found that these drugs demonstrated synergy with vancomycin in improving disease severity," Dr. Kumar said. (veterinarian.news)
- If the cause is a bacterial or viral infection , you'll get antibiotic drops. (webmd.com)
- This entailed training a cadre of mid-level eye clinicians on surgery to treat the blinding stage of trachoma, rolling out antibiotic mass drug administration with donations from Pfizer, and carrying out public awareness campaigns to promote facial cleanliness and personal hygiene. (who.int)
- Because my eyes were quite swollen, I was treated with an antibiotic and a steroid ointment. (medlineplus.gov)
Cataract surgery1
- Health Topics eye-health What Is Recovery like After Cataract Surgery? (sharecare.com)
Surgeries2
- After eye surgeries to prevent infections or inflammations. (pharmacily.com)
- After medical school, an ophthalmologist attends a residency in ophthalmology where they learn about diseases and surgeries of the eye. (ferris.edu)
Systemic3
- This will help to definitively identify Leptospira spirochetes and the level of systemic infection that is occurring. (petmd.com)
- Patient outcomes include permanent vision loss resulting from cornea infection, hospitalization, and one death due to systemic infection. (cdc.gov)
- In addition to well-recognized contraindications (e.g., unstable refraction, pregnancy and lactation, chronic eye disease, systemic illness, corneal abnormalities), there are other conditions that warrant caution (e.g., excessively dry eyes, contact lens intolerance, chronic pain syndromes). (aafp.org)
Susceptible2
- It remains unclear at this time if those affected had underlying eye conditions, such as glaucoma or cataracts, that would have made them more susceptible. (fox5ny.com)
- A person is more susceptible to uterine infections if their membranes rupture during an extended labor. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Lead to bacterial1
- Contact lenses can lead to bacterial or parasitic infections. (webmd.com)
Diagnosis2
- Many eye conditions require a medical diagnosis and treatment. (healthline.com)
- Infection with human papillomavirus increases the probability of developing carcinoma of the cervix, which is the second leading cause of cancer- related mortality in females worldwide, killing some 240 000 women per year.1 Making a correct diagnosis of a sexually transmitted infection is essential for the provision of appropriate and effective treatment. (who.int)
Ointments3
- Use eye drops before eye ointments to allow the drops to enter the eye. (webmd.com)
- Chloramphenicol drops and ointments are extensively used for treating eye infections. (mindmeister.com)
- Using artificial tears and eye ointments to help keep the cornea lubricated and avoid vision damage. (allaboutvision.com)
Trachoma3
- Also of special concern is trachoma, a devastating disease characterized by chronic infection during youth and potentially blinding corneal and conjunctival scarring in mid-life. (medscape.com)
- He published numerous articles on glaucoma, retinal disorders, trachoma and other eye maladies. (wikipedia.org)
- In 2015, Malawi reported 7.6 million people were at risk of trachoma infection. (who.int)
Vaginosis1
- Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an easily treated bacterial infection in the vagina. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Caused by gonococcal1
- Ophthalmia neonatorum caused by gonococcal infection appears 2 to 5 days after delivery. (msdmanuals.com)
Serious bacterial2
- The photos came after Madonna's manager, Guy Oseary, revealed that his client had "a several day stay in the ICU" after developing "a serious bacterial infection. (etonline.com)
- I thought it might be cellulitis, a serious bacterial skin infection. (medlineplus.gov)
Chlamydial1
- In unborn and newborn children chlamydial infections, gonorrhoea and syphilis can produce serious and often life-threatening conditions including congenital disease, pneumonia and low birth weight. (who.int)
Viral infection1
- Allergens often cause chemosis, but a bacterial or viral infection can also trigger it. (healthline.com)
Immune6
- Well, believe it or not, certain natural remedies to a great job in coping with bacterial infections - the whole point is to strengthen your immune system and allow it to safely fight off the persistent condition. (thefrisky.com)
- As mentioned above, with bacterial infections it is your immune system and gut that needs the most support. (thefrisky.com)
- These infections typically take place in hospitals among people with weakened immune systems. (fox5ny.com)
- A microscopic agglutination test, or titer test, will be performed to measure your cat's immune response to the infection by measuring the presence of antibodies in the bloodstream. (petmd.com)
- People who are hospitalized or those with a weakened immune system are most at risk for a Pseudomonas infection, the CDC says. (livescience.com)
- HIV attacks the immune system, making the victim prone to infections. (wikibooks.org)
Allergic2
- Rabbits can get watery eyes from being allergic to the dust on hay and dry food. (rabbit.org)
- Eye Treatment Meets Late-Stage Study Main Goal Aldeyra Therapeutics said on Thursday its treatment for a common allergic eye disease met the main goal of a late-stage study, paving the way for it to become an alternative to over-the-counter eye drops. (medscape.com)
Pseudomonas1
- The product has been linked to a bacterial outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which can cause eye infections for people who wear contact lenses, among other illnesses. (cbsnews.com)
Abscess1
- After a month's treatment with Baytril and Gentocin drops and manual expression of the abscess, the infection seems to be gone and her eyes are less tearful. (rabbit.org)
Ulcers2
- Corneal infection due to E coli produce indolent corneal ulcers with poor prognosis because most of these patients of have an underlying immunocompromised disorder or have abnormal corneal surface with compromised protective barrier. (medscape.com)
- other sexually transmitted infections enhance the sexual transmission of HIV: genital herpes specifically, and genital ulcers in general, increase the transmission of HIV 50-300-fold per episode of unprotected sexual intercourse. (who.int)
Unsanitary conditions1
- The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced an eye drop recall on November 15 due to safety concerns after investigators found unsanitary conditions. (healthline.com)
Genital1
- Women with such silent infections never get treatment, permitting N. gonorrhoeae to spread to the fallopian tubes and elsewhere in the upper genital tract. (sciencenews.org)
Occurs4
- The Leptospira spirochete infection occurs mainly in subtropical, tropical, and wet environments. (petmd.com)
- A vision condition that occurs when the front surface of your eye, the cornea, is slightly irregular in shape. (ferris.edu)
- Farsightedness occurs if your eyeball is too short or the cornea has too little power, so light entering your eye is focused behind the retina, instead of directly on the retina, causing blurred vision. (ferris.edu)
- Nearsightedness occurs if your eyeball is too long or the cornea is too powerful, so the light entering your eye is focused before the retina, instead of directly onto the retina, causing blurred vision. (ferris.edu)
Recurrent1
- [ 2 ] In young adults, a combination of these defects with oculocutaneous albinism or recurrent infections should bring CHS into consideration. (medscape.com)
Intraocular1
- A condition of increased fluid pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure). (ferris.edu)
Prevent infections2
- There are products that you can use on a daily basis that help with itchy skin, this will not prevent infections that arise as a result of seasonal allergies. (vetinfo.com)
- Expanding our microbial ecology knowledge at the intersection of public health will lead us to new strategies to prevent infections and combat antimicrobial resistance, especially in healthcare settings. (cdc.gov)
Urinary tract infe1
- Others who became ill had respiratory infections or urinary tract infections, and one person died after the bacterium entered their bloodstream. (fox5ny.com)
Treatment5
- The treatment for this infection is relatively straightforward and it's nature depends on the stage and severity. (visionenhancers.com)
- These are the primary line of treatment for bacterial eye infections. (sillypharma.com)
- In case of such infection, appropriate treatment should be started by your doctor. (pharmacily.com)
- Prompt treatment with antiviral eye drops or gel can help prevent damage. (webmd.com)
- FDA Okays Treatment for Dry Eye Disease Patients with evaporative dry eye disease will soon have a new treatment option targeting excessive tear evaporation. (medscape.com)
Related to using re1
- Consumers who have experienced problems that may be related to using recalled eye drop products should contact their physician or healthcare professional. (healthline.com)
Acute1
- It is used in adults and in children aged 6 months and older to treat Acute otitis externa (infection of the outer Eye & Ear). (pharmacily.com)
Common7
- And one of the most common problems is bacterial infections. (thefrisky.com)
- Even though they eat lots of carrots, eye problems in rabbits are common. (rabbit.org)
- Heavily irrigated pastures are also common sources of infection. (petmd.com)
- Review of common exposures revealed that most patients, including most patients with eye infections, used artificial tears prior to identification of VIM-GES-CRPA infection or colonization. (cdc.gov)
- This article looks at common infections during pregnancy, how they might affect the baby, and how to prevent them from developing. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Infection mainly affects children, becoming less common with increasing age. (who.int)
- She said it could happen to anyone, but was especially common for people as they got older-and for people with dry eye. (medlineplus.gov)
Irritants1
- Keep in mind that dry eye can be caused by multiple factors, including certain medications, medical conditions like thyroid problems and diabetes, using contact lenses and exposure to environmental irritants, the American Optometric Association (AOA) notes. (livestrong.com)
Skin4
- Leptospirosis is an infection of bacterial spirochetes, which cats acquire when subspecies of the Leptospira interrogans penetrate the skin and spread through the body by way of the bloodstream. (petmd.com)
- If the skin cracks open and bleeds, a serious skin infection, such as cellulitis , can develop. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- We have previously reported on a case of a 7-year-old girl in Thailand who began oozing blood from her eyes and skin after receiving the Pfizer mRNA vaccine. (healthimpactnews.com)
- If sulfur mustard was released into the air, the primary routes of exposure would be contact with eyes and skin or inhalation. (cdc.gov)