Eye Infections
Eye Infections, Bacterial
Conjunctivitis, Inclusion
Conjunctivitis, Bacterial
Eye
Conjunctivitis
Eye Infections, Parasitic
Keratitis, Dendritic
Eye Infections, Viral
Ribotyping
Eye Infections, Fungal
Eye Injuries
Dry Eye Syndromes
Eye Enucleation
Visual Acuity
Ocular Physiological Phenomena
Compound Eye, Arthropod
Eye Protective Devices
Retina
Ophthalmic Solutions
Fixation, Ocular
Posterior Eye Segment
Glaucoma
Vitreous Body
Sclera
Axial Length, Eye
Anterior Chamber
Myopia
Aqueous Humor
Iris
Ciliary Body
Lens, Crystalline
Visual Fields
Pursuit, Smooth
Encyclopedias as Topic
Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic
Aetiological study of the presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome in the Netherlands. (1/235)
AIM: To investigate whether presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome in the Netherlands is caused by Histoplasma capsulatum and whether other risk factors might play a role in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. METHODS: 23 patients were clinically diagnosed as having presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome based on the following criteria: peripapillary atrophy, punched out lesions, a macular disciform lesion or scar in one eye without vitritis. As controls, 66 sex and age matched healthy volunteers were used. Serum samples from both patients and controls were tested for the presence of antibodies against H capsulatum, Toxoplasma gondii, Toxocara canis et cati, Ascaris sp, and for the presence of antigens of Cryptococcus neoformans. Serum samples were also tested for the presence of autoantibodies against retinal or choroidal proteins. To investigate other risk factors, patients and controls were asked to fill in a health and travel related questionnaire. Ten patients with ocular toxoplasmosis were used as a disease control group. RESULTS: None of the patients with presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome or controls had circulating antibodies directed against H capsulatum. No risk factors could be identified and no indications for autoimmunity and no evidence for the role of the other infectious agents could be demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: In a Dutch group of patients fulfilling the criteria of a disease currently named presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome, no risk factors or relation with the fungus H capsulatum could be detected. (+info)Contact lens-induced infection--a new model of Candida albicans keratitis. (2/235)
PURPOSE: A model of experimental keratomycosis was established that mimics human disease in which the only fungi present are those that are actively growing within the cornea. METHODS: Dutch-belted rabbits received a subconjunctival injection of triamcinolone acetonide to one eye. One day later the epithelium was removed from the central cornea and a standardized inoculum of Candida albicans blastoconidia was placed on the corneal surface and covered with a contact lens. The lids were closed with a lateral tarsorrhaphy. After 24 hours, the lid sutures and contact lens were removed. Five days later the animals were killed, and their corneas were subjected to separate isolate recovery and histology studies. A group of similarly infected rabbits without corticosteroid injection served as controls. RESULTS: Both groups developed invasive corneal disease. Although isolate recovery was not significantly different from corticosteroid-treated rabbits compared with controls, fungal biomass was increased. Hyphal invasion was limited to the anterior cornea in control eyes, but penetrated deep stroma in most of the corticosteroid-treated rabbits. CONCLUSIONS: Invasive corneal disease can be established with a surface inoculum. Corticosteroid administration increased corneal penetration of hyphae. Quantitative isolate recovery is not a reliable measure of the fungal load within the cornea. (+info)A study of mycotic keratitis in Mumbai. (3/235)
A total of 1010 clinically suspected cases of mycotic keratitis were studied from 1988 to 1996 for evidence of fungal infection and for identification of the aetiologic agents of keratitis in Mumbai. Of these 367 cases were reported positive by microscopy and culture. Seventy nine percent of the cases were between the ages 21 and 50 years. Male patients were more often affected than females. Eighty eight percent of patients were farmers or construction workers and 89.92% of cases gave a definite history of antecedent corneal trauma. A single fungal isolate was obtained in 307 cases and multiple isolates in 20 cases. Mixed isolates of bacteria and fungi were grown in 40 cases. The predominant isolate was Aspergillus species in 219 cases, followed by Candida species (36), Fusarium species (33) and Penicillium species (34). Filamentous fungal isolates from 22 cases remained unidentified. Mycotic keratitis should be suspected in every patient with a corneal lesion and should be ruled out before commencing steroids and antiboitics. (+info)Microbial decontamination of human donor eyes with povidone-iodine: penetration, toxicity, and effectiveness. (4/235)
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Povidone-iodine (PVP -I) is applied for microbial decontamination of human eyes donated for transplantation. Concentrations and immersion times vary greatly. The effectiveness and toxicity of PVP-I were assessed for different decontamination protocols. METHODS: Human donor eyes and corneas were immersed in different concentrations (5-100 mg/ml) of PVP-I for different times (2-30 minutes). The penetration of iodine into the corneal tissue was assessed by x ray microanalysis. Microbial contamination was determined by taking cultures of the limbal areas and storage solutions and by incubation of the corneoscleral buttons in antibiotic-free culture medium. Cytotoxicity of PVP-I for corneal fibroblasts in culture was assessed using the MTT assay. RESULTS: Depending on concentration and immersion time iodine was found to penetrate into the epithelium, Bowman's layer, and stroma in amounts equivalent to 2-40 mg/ml PVP-I. The MTT assay demonstrated that 2.5 mg/ml PVP-I caused total damage to fibroblasts in vitro. Rinsing eyes with tap water and subsequent immersion in PVP-I reduced the rate of contamination from 82 out of 106 to 69 out of 106 and 37 out of 106, respectively. Antibiotics in the storage medium further reduced contamination from about 40% to 3%. Microbial contamination was not reduced by increasing the concentration and immersion times beyond 5 mg/ml PVP-I for 2 minutes. CONCLUSION: Immersion of human donor eyes in 5 mg/ml PVP-I solution for 2 minutes significantly reduces microbial contamination of donor corneas without relevant penetration of iodine into the corneal layers. Higher PVP-I concentrations and longer immersion times do not further reduce contamination, whereas the amount of iodine penetrating the corneal layers is elevated above the level cytotoxic for corneal fibroblasts. In view of this, concentrations above 5 mg/ml of PVP-I and immersion periods over 2 minutes are not recommended for reduction of the contamination rate of donor eyes. (+info)Fungal corneal ulcers of onion harvesters in southern Taiwan. (5/235)
Fungal corneal ulcers related to agriculture has been reported throughout the world, especially in tropical areas. Most of them were sporadic and had histories of ocular trauma or use of topical corticosteroids and topical antibiotics. Five onion harvesters had fungal corneal ulcers during the same harvest period in Southern Taiwan. The authors think that this is the first report of a group occurrence relating to agricultural workers. Although all of the patients improved after medical and surgical management, their vision was greatly decreased. It is suggested that the tropical climate, the harvest procedure, the characteristic monsoon, and lack of eye protection were involved. Therefore, the importance of the eye protection, hygiene education, and improving medical care to reduce the occurrence of fungal corneal ulcer in agriculture workers must be emphasised. (+info)Mycotic keratitis due to Curvularia senegalensis and in vitro antifungal susceptibilities of Curvularia spp. (6/235)
A case of mycotic keratitis due to Curvularia senegalensis is reported. This case represents the third known reported infection caused by this rare species. Fungal hyphae were detected in corneal scrapings, and repeated cultures were positive for this fungi. The patient was presumed cured after a corneal transplant and treatment with itraconazole, but the infection recurred and the patient is waiting for a keratoplasty. The in vitro antifungal susceptibilities of the case strain and another 24 strains belonging to seven species of Curvularia were tested for six antifungal agents. With the exception of flucytosine, and occasionally fluconazole, the other drugs assayed (amphotericin B, miconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole) were highly effective in vitro. (+info)Differences in virulence between two Candida albicans strains in experimental keratitis. (7/235)
PURPOSE: To study the differences in disease caused by two wild-type strains of Candida albicans in a model of contact lens-facilitated keratitis in rabbits. METHODS: Two strains, SC5314 and VE175, were examined. Standardized inocula were placed on the debrided corneal surface of one eye in Dutch belted rabbits and covered with a contact lens. A temporary tarsorrhaphy was opened after 24 hours with removal of the contact lens. Six days later, corneas were photographed and animals killed. Corneas were bisected with one half for quantitative isolate recovery and the other for stromal penetration by hyphae. RESULTS: Strain SC5314 was significantly more virulent. The mean hyphal penetration into the cornea was 24.4% +/- 8.5% of the corneal thickness, and in three of six corneas hyphae penetrated through the entire cornea. In contrast, for VE175, the mean hyphal penetration was 2.6% +/- 1.2%. The difference between these two strains was statistically significant (P = 0.0297). Hyphae did not penetrate into the deep layers of the cornea in any of the six rabbits infected with VE175. The grading of clinical disease was consistent with histology, in that strain SC5314 caused more severe infection than VE175 and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.0048). There was no difference in isolate recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Wild-type strains of C. albicans can differ significantly in virulence as measured by depth of fungal invasion into corneas and clinical evaluation of infection. Further characterization of the intrinsic genetic differences between such strains may help identify factors responsible for fungal virulence. (+info)PCR-RFLP-mediated detection and speciation of bacterial species causing endophthalmitis. (8/235)
PURPOSE: To determine the usefulness of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in the identification and speciation of bacteria causing endophthalmitis. METHODS: PCR-RFLP was performed on 53 strains of 14 bacterial species (eight Gram positive and five Gram negative) collected from both keratitis and endophthalmitis patients. Two pairs of oligonucleotide primers based on the 16S rDNA gene were used to PCR-amplify 1.2- and 1.0-kb fragments of bacterial genomic DNA. RFLPs within the PCR product were used to speciate the organisms. RESULTS: The sensitivity of the nested PCR amplification reaction was one organism. All bacteria tested could be identified and speciated using RFLP analysis except for Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens, which could not be interdifferentiated using RFLP. Molecular analysis of two vitreous samples from two eyes with typical signs of bacterial endophthalmitis confirmed the presence of E. coli in the vitreous from a culture-positive case with E. coli endophthalmitis and revealed the presence of Staphylococcus epidermidis in the vitreous of a culture-negative case. CONCLUSIONS: It is expected that this technique will provide a useful laboratory tool for future microbiologic diagnosis of patients presenting with endophthalmitis, especially for those eyes that prove culture negative. (+info)Eye infections, also known as ocular infections, are conditions characterized by the invasion and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms in any part of the eye or its surrounding structures. These infections can affect various parts of the eye, including the conjunctiva (conjunctivitis), cornea (keratitis), eyelid (blepharitis), or the internal structures of the eye (endophthalmitis, uveitis). The symptoms may include redness, pain, discharge, itching, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light. The cause can be bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic, and the treatment typically involves antibiotics, antivirals, or antifungals, depending on the underlying cause.
Bacterial eye infections, also known as bacterial conjunctivitis or bacterial keratitis, are caused by the invasion of bacteria into the eye. The most common types of bacteria that cause these infections include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae.
Bacterial conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. Symptoms include redness, swelling, pain, discharge, and a gritty feeling in the eye. Bacterial keratitis is an infection of the cornea, the clear front part of the eye. Symptoms include severe pain, sensitivity to light, tearing, and decreased vision.
Bacterial eye infections are typically treated with antibiotic eye drops or ointments. It is important to seek medical attention promptly if you suspect a bacterial eye infection, as untreated infections can lead to serious complications such as corneal ulcers and vision loss. Preventive measures include good hygiene practices, such as washing your hands frequently and avoiding touching or rubbing your eyes.
Inclusion conjunctivitis is a type of bacterial conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva) that is caused by specific types of bacteria, most commonly Chlamydia trachomatis. It is also known as trachoma, which is a leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide. The infection leads to the formation of small, inclusion-containing intracytoplasmic inclusions in the conjunctival epithelial cells, hence the name "inclusion conjunctivitis."
The symptoms of inclusion conjunctivitis include redness, irritation, and discharge from the eyes. It can also cause swelling of the lymph nodes near the ears. In severe cases, it can lead to scarring and damage to the cornea, potentially resulting in vision loss. The infection is typically spread through direct contact with eye or nose discharge from an infected person, and it can also be sexually transmitted.
Treatment for inclusion conjunctivitis usually involves antibiotics, such as azithromycin or doxycycline, to eliminate the bacteria causing the infection. It is important to complete the full course of treatment to ensure that the infection is fully cleared and to prevent recurrence. In addition, good hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing and avoiding sharing personal items like towels and washcloths, can help prevent the spread of the infection.
"Hemolysin factors" is not a standard medical term, and it seems there might be some confusion in the question. However, I can provide information on hemolysins, which are substances that cause lysis (rupture) of red blood cells, resulting in the release of their contents into the surrounding fluid.
Hemolysins can be produced by various sources, such as:
1. Bacterial hemolysins: Some bacteria produce hemolysins as a virulence factor to aid in infecting the host. These hemolysins can be classified into two main types: exotoxins (secreted by the bacterium) and endotoxins (integral components of the bacterial cell membrane). Examples include streptolysin O and streptolysin S from Streptococcus pyogenes, hemolysin from Escherichia coli, and α-toxin from Staphylococcus aureus.
2. Complement system: The complement system is a part of the immune response that can cause hemolysis through the membrane attack complex (MAC). This complex forms pores in the red blood cell membrane, leading to lysis.
3. Autoimmune disorders: In some autoimmune diseases, such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia, the body produces antibodies against its own red blood cells, causing complement-mediated hemolysis.
4. Medicines and chemicals: Certain medications or chemicals can cause hemolysis as a side effect. These include some antibiotics (e.g., cephalosporins), chemotherapeutic agents, and snake venoms.
If you meant to ask about something else related to "hemolysin factors," please provide more context so I can give a more accurate answer.
Keratoconjunctivitis is a medical term that refers to the inflammation of both the cornea (the clear, outer layer at the front of the eye) and the conjunctiva (the mucous membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids and the white part of the eye).
The condition can cause symptoms such as redness, pain, sensitivity to light, watery eyes, and a gritty or burning sensation in the eyes. Keratoconjunctivitis can be caused by various factors, including viral or bacterial infections, allergies, or environmental irritants like dust, smoke, or chemical fumes.
Treatment for keratoconjunctivitis depends on the underlying cause of the condition and may include medications such as antibiotics, antivirals, or anti-inflammatory agents to reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms. In some cases, artificial tears or lubricants may also be recommended to help keep the eyes moist and comfortable.
Bacterial conjunctivitis is a type of conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva) that is caused by bacterial infection. The most common bacteria responsible for this condition are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae.
The symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis include redness, swelling, and pain in the eye, along with a thick, sticky discharge that can cause the eyelids to stick together, especially upon waking up. Other symptoms may include tearing, itching, and sensitivity to light. Bacterial conjunctivitis is highly contagious and can spread easily through contact with infected individuals or contaminated objects such as towels, handkerchiefs, or makeup.
Treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis typically involves the use of antibiotic eye drops or ointments to eliminate the infection. In some cases, oral antibiotics may also be prescribed. It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect that you have bacterial conjunctivitis, as untreated infections can lead to serious complications such as corneal ulcers and vision loss.
The eye is the organ of sight, primarily responsible for detecting and focusing on visual stimuli. It is a complex structure composed of various parts that work together to enable vision. Here are some of the main components of the eye:
1. Cornea: The clear front part of the eye that refracts light entering the eye and protects the eye from harmful particles and microorganisms.
2. Iris: The colored part of the eye that controls the amount of light reaching the retina by adjusting the size of the pupil.
3. Pupil: The opening in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye.
4. Lens: A biconvex structure located behind the iris that further refracts light and focuses it onto the retina.
5. Retina: A layer of light-sensitive cells (rods and cones) at the back of the eye that convert light into electrical signals, which are then transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve.
6. Optic Nerve: The nerve that carries visual information from the retina to the brain.
7. Vitreous: A clear, gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina, providing structural support to the eye.
8. Conjunctiva: A thin, transparent membrane that covers the front of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids.
9. Extraocular Muscles: Six muscles that control the movement of the eye, allowing for proper alignment and focus.
The eye is a remarkable organ that allows us to perceive and interact with our surroundings. Various medical specialties, such as ophthalmology and optometry, are dedicated to the diagnosis, treatment, and management of various eye conditions and diseases.
Conjunctivitis is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, a thin, clear membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids and the outer surface of the eye. The condition can cause redness, itching, burning, tearing, discomfort, and a gritty feeling in the eyes. It can also result in a discharge that can be clear, yellow, or greenish.
Conjunctivitis can have various causes, including bacterial or viral infections, allergies, irritants (such as smoke, chlorine, or contact lens solutions), and underlying medical conditions (like dry eye or autoimmune disorders). Treatment depends on the cause of the condition but may include antibiotics, antihistamines, anti-inflammatory medications, or warm compresses.
It is essential to maintain good hygiene practices, like washing hands frequently and avoiding touching or rubbing the eyes, to prevent spreading conjunctivitis to others. If you suspect you have conjunctivitis, it's recommended that you consult an eye care professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.
Keratitis is a medical condition that refers to inflammation of the cornea, which is the clear, dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye. The cornea plays an essential role in focusing vision, and any damage or infection can cause significant visual impairment. Keratitis can result from various causes, including bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections, as well as trauma, allergies, or underlying medical conditions such as dry eye syndrome. Symptoms of keratitis may include redness, pain, tearing, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, and a feeling of something foreign in the eye. Treatment for keratitis depends on the underlying cause but typically includes antibiotics, antivirals, or anti-fungal medications, as well as measures to alleviate symptoms and promote healing.
Parasitic eye infections are conditions characterized by the invasion and infestation of the eye or its surrounding structures by parasites. These can be protozoans, helminths, or ectoparasites. Examples of such infections include Acanthamoeba keratitis, which is caused by a free-living amoeba found in water and soil; Toxoplasmosis, which is caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii; Loiasis, which is caused by the parasitic filarial worm Loa loa; and Demodicosis, which is caused by the mite Demodex folliculorum. Symptoms can vary depending on the type of parasite but often include redness, pain, discharge, and vision changes. Treatment typically involves antiparasitic medications and sometimes surgery to remove the parasites or damaged tissue. Prevention measures include good hygiene practices and avoiding contact with contaminated water or soil.
Dendritic keratitis is a specific form of keratitis, which is inflammation of the cornea. The term "dendritic" refers to the characteristic appearance of the lesion on the cornea, which resembles a branching tree or a dendrite.
Dendritic keratitis is most commonly caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, although other infectious and non-infectious etiologies can also produce similar lesions. The condition is characterized by the presence of a branching, dendrite-like ulcer on the corneal epithelium, often accompanied by symptoms such as eye pain, redness, photophobia (sensitivity to light), and tearing.
Treatment for dendritic keratitis typically involves antiviral medications to manage the underlying HSV-1 infection, as well as measures to promote corneal healing and reduce discomfort. It is essential to seek prompt medical attention if you suspect dendritic keratitis, as untreated or improperly managed cases can lead to serious complications, including corneal scarring, vision loss, and potential blindness.
Viral eye infections are caused by viruses that invade different parts of the eye, leading to inflammation and irritation. Some common types of viral eye infections include conjunctivitis (pink eye), keratitis, and dendritic ulcers. These infections can cause symptoms such as redness, watering, soreness, sensitivity to light, and discharge. In some cases, viral eye infections can also lead to complications like corneal scarring and vision loss if left untreated. They are often highly contagious and can spread through contact with contaminated surfaces or respiratory droplets. Antiviral medications may be used to treat certain types of viral eye infections, but in many cases, the infection will resolve on its own over time. Preventive measures such as good hygiene and avoiding touching the eyes can help reduce the risk of viral eye infections.
'Chlamydia trachomatis' is a species of bacterium that is the causative agent of several infectious diseases in humans. It is an obligate intracellular pathogen, meaning it can only survive and reproduce inside host cells. The bacteria are transmitted through sexual contact, and can cause a range of genital tract infections, including urethritis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and epididymitis. In women, chlamydial infection can also lead to serious complications such as ectopic pregnancy and infertility.
In addition to genital infections, 'Chlamydia trachomatis' is also responsible for two other diseases: trachoma and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). Trachoma is a leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide, affecting mostly children in developing countries. It is spread through contact with contaminated hands, clothing, or eye secretions. LGV is a sexually transmitted infection that can cause inflammation of the lymph nodes, rectum, and genitals.
'Chlamydia trachomatis' infections are often asymptomatic, making them difficult to diagnose and treat. However, they can be detected through laboratory tests such as nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) or culture. Treatment typically involves antibiotics such as azithromycin or doxycycline. Prevention measures include safe sex practices, regular screening for STIs, and good hygiene.
Ribotyping is a molecular technique used in microbiology to identify and differentiate bacterial strains based on their specific PCR-amplified ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. This method involves the use of specific DNA probes or primers to target conserved regions of the rRNA operon, followed by hybridization or sequencing to analyze the resulting patterns. These patterns, known as "ribotypes," are unique to different bacterial species and strains, making ribotyping a valuable tool in epidemiological studies, outbreak investigations, and taxonomic classification of bacteria.
Fungal eye infections, also known as fungal keratitis or ocular fungal infections, are caused by the invasion of fungi into the eye. The most common types of fungi that cause these infections include Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Candida. These infections can affect any part of the eye, including the cornea, conjunctiva, sclera, and vitreous humor.
Fungal eye infections often present with symptoms such as redness, pain, sensitivity to light, tearing, blurred vision, and discharge. In severe cases, they can lead to corneal ulcers, perforation of the eye, and even blindness if left untreated. Risk factors for fungal eye infections include trauma to the eye, contact lens wear, immunosuppression, and pre-existing eye conditions such as dry eye or previous eye surgery.
Diagnosis of fungal eye infections typically involves a thorough eye examination, including visual acuity testing, slit lamp examination, and sometimes corneal scrapings for microbiological culture and sensitivity testing. Treatment usually involves topical antifungal medications, such as natamycin or amphotericin B, and in some cases may require oral or intravenous antifungal therapy. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove infected tissue or repair any damage caused by the infection.
Eye diseases are a range of conditions that affect the eye or visual system, causing damage to vision and, in some cases, leading to blindness. These diseases can be categorized into various types, including:
1. Refractive errors: These include myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), astigmatism, and presbyopia, which affect the way light is focused on the retina and can usually be corrected with glasses or contact lenses.
2. Cataracts: A clouding of the lens inside the eye that leads to blurry vision, glare, and decreased contrast sensitivity. Cataract surgery is the most common treatment for this condition.
3. Glaucoma: A group of diseases characterized by increased pressure in the eye, leading to damage to the optic nerve and potential blindness if left untreated. Treatment includes medications, laser therapy, or surgery.
4. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): A progressive condition that affects the central part of the retina called the macula, causing blurry vision and, in advanced stages, loss of central vision. Treatment may include anti-VEGF injections, laser therapy, or nutritional supplements.
5. Diabetic retinopathy: A complication of diabetes that affects the blood vessels in the retina, leading to bleeding, leakage, and potential blindness if left untreated. Treatment includes laser therapy, anti-VEGF injections, or surgery.
6. Retinal detachment: A separation of the retina from its underlying tissue, which can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly with surgery.
7. Amblyopia (lazy eye): A condition where one eye does not develop normal vision, often due to a misalignment or refractive error in childhood. Treatment includes correcting the underlying problem and encouraging the use of the weaker eye through patching or other methods.
8. Strabismus (crossed eyes): A misalignment of the eyes that can lead to amblyopia if not treated promptly with surgery, glasses, or other methods.
9. Corneal diseases: Conditions that affect the transparent outer layer of the eye, such as keratoconus, Fuchs' dystrophy, and infectious keratitis, which can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly.
10. Uveitis: Inflammation of the middle layer of the eye, which can cause vision loss if not treated promptly with anti-inflammatory medications or surgery.
Eye movements, also known as ocular motility, refer to the voluntary or involuntary motion of the eyes that allows for visual exploration of our environment. There are several types of eye movements, including:
1. Saccades: rapid, ballistic movements that quickly shift the gaze from one point to another.
2. Pursuits: smooth, slow movements that allow the eyes to follow a moving object.
3. Vergences: coordinated movements of both eyes in opposite directions, usually in response to a three-dimensional stimulus.
4. Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR): automatic eye movements that help stabilize the gaze during head movement.
5. Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN): rhythmic eye movements that occur in response to large moving visual patterns, such as when looking out of a moving vehicle.
Abnormalities in eye movements can indicate neurological or ophthalmological disorders and are often assessed during clinical examinations.
Eye injuries refer to any damage or trauma caused to the eye or its surrounding structures. These injuries can vary in severity and may include:
1. Corneal abrasions: A scratch or scrape on the clear surface of the eye (cornea).
2. Chemical burns: Occurs when chemicals come into contact with the eye, causing damage to the cornea and other structures.
3. Eyelid lacerations: Cuts or tears to the eyelid.
4. Subconjunctival hemorrhage: Bleeding under the conjunctiva, the clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye.
5. Hyphema: Accumulation of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye, which is the space between the cornea and iris.
6. Orbital fractures: Breaks in the bones surrounding the eye.
7. Retinal detachment: Separation of the retina from its underlying tissue, which can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly.
8. Traumatic uveitis: Inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye, caused by trauma.
9. Optic nerve damage: Damage to the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain.
Eye injuries can result from a variety of causes, including accidents, sports-related injuries, violence, and chemical exposure. It is important to seek medical attention promptly for any suspected eye injury to prevent further damage and potential vision loss.
Dry eye syndrome, also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, is a condition characterized by insufficient lubrication and moisture of the eyes. This occurs when the tears produced by the eyes are not sufficient in quantity or quality to keep the eyes moist and comfortable. The medical definition of dry eye syndromes includes the following symptoms:
1. A gritty or sandy sensation in the eyes
2. Burning or stinging sensations
3. Redness and irritation
4. Blurred vision that improves with blinking
5. Light sensitivity
6. A feeling of something foreign in the eye
7. Stringy mucus in or around the eyes
8. Difficulty wearing contact lenses
9. Watery eyes, which may seem contradictory but can be a response to dryness
10. Eye fatigue and discomfort after prolonged screen time or reading
The causes of dry eye syndromes can include aging, hormonal changes, certain medical conditions (such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, Sjogren's syndrome), medications (antihistamines, decongestants, antidepressants, birth control pills), environmental factors (dry air, wind, smoke, dust), and prolonged screen time or reading.
Treatment for dry eye syndromes depends on the severity of the condition and its underlying causes. It may include artificial tears, lifestyle changes, prescription medications, and in some cases, surgical procedures to improve tear production or drainage.
Eye abnormalities refer to any structural or functional anomalies that affect the eye or its surrounding tissues. These abnormalities can be present at birth (congenital) or acquired later in life due to various factors such as injury, disease, or aging. Some examples of eye abnormalities include:
1. Strabismus: Also known as crossed eyes, strabismus is a condition where the eyes are misaligned and point in different directions.
2. Nystagmus: This is an involuntary movement of the eyes that can be horizontal, vertical, or rotatory.
3. Cataracts: A cataract is a clouding of the lens inside the eye that can cause vision loss.
4. Glaucoma: This is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve and can lead to vision loss.
5. Retinal disorders: These include conditions such as retinal detachment, macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy.
6. Corneal abnormalities: These include conditions such as keratoconus, corneal ulcers, and Fuchs' dystrophy.
7. Orbital abnormalities: These include conditions such as orbital tumors, thyroid eye disease, and Graves' ophthalmopathy.
8. Ptosis: This is a condition where the upper eyelid droops over the eye.
9. Color blindness: A condition where a person has difficulty distinguishing between certain colors.
10. Microphthalmia: A condition where one or both eyes are abnormally small.
These are just a few examples of eye abnormalities, and there are many others that can affect the eye and its functioning. If you suspect that you have an eye abnormality, it is important to consult with an ophthalmologist for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Eye burns typically refer to injuries or damage to the eyes caused by exposure to harmful substances, extreme temperatures, or radiation. This can result in a variety of symptoms, including redness, pain, tearing, swelling, and blurred vision.
Chemical eye burns can occur when the eyes come into contact with strong acids, alkalis, or other irritants. These substances can cause damage to the cornea, conjunctiva, and other structures of the eye. The severity of the burn will depend on the type and concentration of the chemical, as well as the length of time it was in contact with the eye.
Thermal eye burns can result from exposure to hot or cold temperatures, such as steam, flames, or extreme cold. These types of burns can cause damage to the surface of the eye and may require medical attention to prevent further complications.
Radiation eye burns can occur after exposure to high levels of ultraviolet (UV) light, such as from welding torches, sun lamps, or tanning beds. Prolonged exposure to these sources can cause damage to the cornea and other structures of the eye, leading to symptoms like pain, redness, and sensitivity to light.
If you experience symptoms of an eye burn, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible. Treatment may include flushing the eyes with water or saline solution, administering medication to relieve pain and inflammation, or in severe cases, surgery to repair damaged tissue.
Eye enucleation is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the entire eyeball, leaving the eye muscles, eyelids, and orbital structures intact. This procedure is typically performed to treat severe eye conditions or injuries, such as uncontrollable pain, blindness, cancer, or trauma. After the eyeball is removed, an implant may be placed in the socket to help maintain its shape and appearance. The optic nerve and other surrounding tissues are cut during the enucleation procedure, which means that vision cannot be restored in the affected eye. However, the remaining eye structures can still function normally, allowing for regular blinking, tear production, and eyelid movement.
Eye color is a characteristic determined by variations in a person's genes. The color of the eyes depends on the amount and type of pigment called melanin found in the eye's iris.
There are three main types of eye colors: brown, blue, and green. Brown eyes have the most melanin, while blue eyes have the least. Green eyes have a moderate amount of melanin combined with a golden tint that reflects light to give them their unique color.
Eye color is a polygenic trait, which means it is influenced by multiple genes. The two main genes responsible for eye color are OCA2 and HERC2, both located on chromosome 15. These genes control the production, transport, and storage of melanin in the iris.
It's important to note that eye color can change during infancy and early childhood due to the development of melanin in the iris. Additionally, some medications or medical conditions may also cause changes in eye color over time.
An Eye Bank is an organization that collects, stores, and distributes donated human eyes for corneal transplantation and other ocular medical research purposes. The eye bank's primary function is to ensure the quality of the donated tissue and make it available for those in need of sight-restoring procedures.
The cornea, the clear front part of the eye, can be surgically transplanted from a deceased donor to a recipient with corneal damage or disease, thereby improving or restoring their vision. The eye bank's role includes obtaining consent for donation, retrieving the eyes from the donor, evaluating the tissue for suitability, preserving it properly, and then allocating it to surgeons for transplantation.
Eye banks follow strict medical guidelines and adhere to ethical standards to ensure the safety and quality of the donated tissues. The process involves screening potential donors for infectious diseases and other conditions that may affect the quality or safety of the cornea. Once deemed suitable, the corneas are carefully removed, preserved in specific solutions, and stored until they are needed for transplantation.
In addition to corneal transplants, eye banks also support research and education in ophthalmology by providing human eye tissues for various studies aimed at advancing our understanding of eye diseases and developing new treatments.
Visual acuity is a measure of the sharpness or clarity of vision. It is usually tested by reading an eye chart from a specific distance, such as 20 feet (6 meters). The standard eye chart used for this purpose is called the Snellen chart, which contains rows of letters that decrease in size as you read down the chart.
Visual acuity is typically expressed as a fraction, with the numerator representing the testing distance and the denominator indicating the smallest line of type that can be read clearly. For example, if a person can read the line on the eye chart that corresponds to a visual acuity of 20/20, it means they have normal vision at 20 feet. If their visual acuity is 20/40, it means they must be as close as 20 feet to see what someone with normal vision can see at 40 feet.
It's important to note that visual acuity is just one aspect of overall vision and does not necessarily reflect other important factors such as peripheral vision, depth perception, color vision, or contrast sensitivity.
Eye neoplasms, also known as ocular tumors or eye cancer, refer to abnormal growths of tissue in the eye. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Eye neoplasms can develop in various parts of the eye, including the eyelid, conjunctiva, cornea, iris, ciliary body, choroid, retina, and optic nerve.
Benign eye neoplasms are typically slow-growing and do not spread to other parts of the body. They may cause symptoms such as vision changes, eye pain, or a noticeable mass in the eye. Treatment options for benign eye neoplasms include monitoring, surgical removal, or radiation therapy.
Malignant eye neoplasms, on the other hand, can grow and spread rapidly to other parts of the body. They may cause symptoms such as vision changes, eye pain, floaters, or flashes of light. Treatment options for malignant eye neoplasms depend on the type and stage of cancer but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these treatments.
It is important to note that early detection and treatment of eye neoplasms can improve outcomes and prevent complications. Regular eye exams with an ophthalmologist are recommended for early detection and prevention of eye diseases, including eye neoplasms.
"Ocular physiological phenomena" is not a standardized medical term with a specific definition. However, I can provide some examples of ocular physiological phenomena, which refer to various normal functions and processes that occur in the eye. Here are a few examples:
1. Accommodation: The ability of the eye to change optical power to maintain a clear image or focus on an object as its distance varies. This is primarily achieved by changing the curvature of the lens through the action of the ciliary muscles.
2. Pupillary reflex: The automatic adjustment of the pupil's size in response to changes in light intensity. In bright light, the pupil constricts (miosis), while in dim light, it dilates (mydriasis). This reflex helps regulate the amount of light that enters the eye.
3. Tear production: The continuous secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands to keep the eyes moist and protected from dust, microorganisms, and other foreign particles.
4. Extraocular muscle function: The coordinated movement of the six extraocular muscles that control eyeball rotation and enable various gaze directions.
5. Color vision: The ability to perceive and distinguish different colors based on the sensitivity of photoreceptor cells (cones) in the retina to specific wavelengths of light.
6. Dark adaptation: The process by which the eyes adjust to low-light conditions, improving visual sensitivity primarily through changes in the rod photoreceptors' sensitivity and pupil dilation.
7. Light adaptation: The ability of the eye to adjust to different levels of illumination, mainly through alterations in pupil size and photoreceptor cell response.
These are just a few examples of ocular physiological phenomena. There are many more processes and functions that occur within the eye, contributing to our visual perception and overall eye health.
A compound eye is a characteristic type of eye found in arthropods, including insects, crustaceans, and some extinct fossil groups. Each eye is composed of numerous individual photoreceptor units called ommatidia, which function together to provide a wide field of vision and excellent motion detection capabilities.
In an arthropod compound eye, each ommatidium contains a group of visual cells (called retinula cells) surrounding a central rhabdomere, which is the light-sensitive structure that converts light into electrical signals. The number of ommatidia in a compound eye can vary greatly between species and even within different regions of an individual's eye, ranging from just a few to tens of thousands.
Compound eyes offer several advantages for arthropods:
1. Wide Field of Vision: Compound eyes provide a panoramic view of the environment, allowing arthropods to detect predators, prey, or mates from various directions simultaneously.
2. Motion Detection: The apposition-type compound eye (one type of compound eye structure) is particularly adept at detecting motion due to the neural processing of signals between adjacent ommatidia. This allows arthropods to respond quickly to potential threats or opportunities.
3. Light Adaptation: Compound eyes can adapt to different light conditions, allowing arthropods to function effectively in both bright daylight and dimly lit environments. Some species have specialized regions within their compound eyes that are optimized for specific light conditions, such as the dorsal rim area in insects, which is sensitive to polarized skylight.
4. UV Sensitivity: Many arthropods can detect ultraviolet (UV) light due to the presence of photopigments within their ommatidia that absorb UV wavelengths. This ability allows them to perceive patterns and cues in their environment that are invisible to humans, such as floral guides in bees or mate-recognition signals in certain insects.
Despite their limitations in terms of resolution and image quality compared to vertebrate eyes, compound eyes have evolved to serve the unique needs and ecological roles of arthropods effectively.
Eye protective devices are specialized equipment designed to protect the eyes from various hazards and injuries. They include items such as safety glasses, goggles, face shields, welding helmets, and full-face respirators. These devices are engineered to provide a barrier between the eyes and potential dangers like chemical splashes, impact particles, radiation, and other environmental hazards.
Safety glasses are designed to protect against flying debris, dust, and other airborne particles. They typically have side shields to prevent objects from entering the eye from the sides. Goggles offer a higher level of protection than safety glasses as they form a protective seal around the eyes, preventing liquids and fine particles from reaching the eyes.
Face shields and welding helmets are used in industrial settings to protect against radiation, sparks, and molten metal during welding or cutting operations. Full-face respirators are used in environments with harmful airborne particles or gases, providing protection for both the eyes and the respiratory system.
It is essential to choose the appropriate eye protective device based on the specific hazard present to ensure adequate protection.
The retina is the innermost, light-sensitive layer of tissue in the eye of many vertebrates and some cephalopods. It receives light that has been focused by the cornea and lens, converts it into neural signals, and sends these to the brain via the optic nerve. The retina contains several types of photoreceptor cells including rods (which handle vision in low light) and cones (which are active in bright light and are capable of color vision).
In medical terms, any pathological changes or diseases affecting the retinal structure and function can lead to visual impairment or blindness. Examples include age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, and retinitis pigmentosa among others.
Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the fluid pressure within the eye, specifically within the anterior chamber, which is the space between the cornea and the iris. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). The aqueous humor, a clear fluid that fills the anterior chamber, is constantly produced and drained, maintaining a balance that determines the IOP. Normal IOP ranges from 10-21 mmHg, with average values around 15-16 mmHg. Elevated IOP is a key risk factor for glaucoma, a group of eye conditions that can lead to optic nerve damage and vision loss if not treated promptly and effectively. Regular monitoring of IOP is essential in diagnosing and managing glaucoma and other ocular health issues.
Penetrating eye injuries are a type of ocular trauma where a foreign object or substance pierces the outer layers of the eye and damages the internal structures. This can result in serious harm to various parts of the eye, such as the cornea, iris, lens, or retina, and may potentially cause vision loss or blindness if not promptly treated.
The severity of a penetrating eye injury depends on several factors, including the type and size of the object that caused the injury, the location of the wound, and the extent of damage to the internal structures. Common causes of penetrating eye injuries include sharp objects, such as metal shards or glass fragments, projectiles, such as pellets or bullets, and explosive materials.
Symptoms of a penetrating eye injury may include pain, redness, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, floaters, or the presence of a foreign body in the eye. If you suspect that you have sustained a penetrating eye injury, it is essential to seek immediate medical attention from an ophthalmologist or other healthcare professional with experience in treating eye trauma.
Treatment for penetrating eye injuries may include removing any foreign objects or substances from the eye, repairing damaged tissues, and administering medications to prevent infection and reduce inflammation. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair the injury and restore vision. Preventing eye injuries is crucial, and appropriate protective eyewear should be worn when engaging in activities that pose a risk of eye trauma.
Ophthalmic solutions are sterile, single-use or multi-dose preparations in a liquid form that are intended for topical administration to the eye. These solutions can contain various types of medications, such as antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents, antihistamines, or lubricants, which are used to treat or prevent ocular diseases and conditions.
The pH and osmolarity of ophthalmic solutions are carefully controlled to match the physiological environment of the eye and minimize any potential discomfort or irritation. The solutions may be packaged in various forms, including drops, sprays, or irrigations, depending on the intended use and administration route.
It is important to follow the instructions for use provided by a healthcare professional when administering ophthalmic solutions, as improper use can lead to eye injury or reduced effectiveness of the medication.
Foreign bodies in the eye refer to any object or particle that is not normally present in the eye and becomes lodged in it. These foreign bodies can range from small particles like sand or dust to larger objects such as metal shavings or glass. They can cause irritation, pain, redness, watering, and even vision loss if they are not removed promptly and properly.
The symptoms of an eye foreign body may include:
* A feeling that something is in the eye
* Pain or discomfort in the eye
* Redness or inflammation of the eye
* Watering or tearing of the eye
* Sensitivity to light
* Blurred vision or difficulty seeing
If you suspect that you have a foreign body in your eye, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. An eye care professional can examine your eye and determine the best course of treatment to remove the foreign body and prevent any further damage to your eye.
Eye movement measurements, also known as oculometry, refer to the measurement and analysis of eye movements. This can include assessing the direction, speed, range, and patterns of eye movement. These measurements are often used in research and clinical settings to understand various aspects of vision, perception, and cognition. They can be used to diagnose and monitor conditions that affect eye movement, such as strabismus (crossed eyes), amblyopia (lazy eye), or neurological disorders. Additionally, eye movement measurements are also used in areas such as human-computer interaction, marketing research, and virtual reality to understand how individuals interact with their environment.
Ocular fixation is a term used in ophthalmology and optometry to refer to the ability of the eyes to maintain steady gaze or visual focus on an object. It involves the coordinated movement of the extraocular muscles that control eye movements, allowing for clear and stable vision.
In medical terminology, fixation specifically refers to the state in which the eyes are aligned and focused on a single point in space. This is important for maintaining visual perception and preventing blurring or double vision. Ocular fixation can be affected by various factors such as muscle weakness, nerve damage, or visual processing disorders.
Assessment of ocular fixation is often used in eye examinations to evaluate visual acuity, eye alignment, and muscle function. Abnormalities in fixation may indicate the presence of underlying eye conditions or developmental delays that require further investigation and treatment.
The posterior segment of the eye refers to the back portion of the interior of the eye, including the vitreous, retina, choroid, and optic nerve. This region is responsible for processing visual information and transmitting it to the brain. The retina contains photoreceptor cells that convert light into electrical signals, which are then sent through the optic nerve to the brain for interpretation as images. Disorders of the posterior eye segment can lead to vision loss or blindness.
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often caused by an abnormally high pressure in the eye (intraocular pressure). This damage can lead to permanent vision loss or even blindness if left untreated. The most common type is open-angle glaucoma, which has no warning signs and progresses slowly. Angle-closure glaucoma, on the other hand, can cause sudden eye pain, redness, nausea, and vomiting, as well as rapid vision loss. Other less common types of glaucoma also exist. While there is no cure for glaucoma, early detection and treatment can help slow or prevent further vision loss.
The vitreous body, also known simply as the vitreous, is the clear, gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina in the eye. It is composed mainly of water, but also contains collagen fibers, hyaluronic acid, and other proteins. The vitreous helps to maintain the shape of the eye and provides a transparent medium for light to pass through to reach the retina. With age, the vitreous can become more liquefied and may eventually separate from the retina, leading to symptoms such as floaters or flashes of light.
The sclera is the tough, white, fibrous outer coating of the eye in humans and other vertebrates, covering about five sixths of the eyeball's surface. It provides protection for the delicate inner structures of the eye and maintains its shape. The sclera is composed mainly of collagen and elastic fiber, making it strong and resilient. Its name comes from the Greek word "skleros," which means hard.
Axial length, in the context of the eye, refers to the measurement of the distance between the front and back portions of the eye, specifically from the cornea (the clear front "window" of the eye) to the retina (the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye). This measurement is typically expressed in millimeters (mm).
The axial length of the eye is an important factor in determining the overall refractive power of the eye and can play a role in the development of various eye conditions, such as myopia (nearsightedness) or hyperopia (farsightedness). Changes in axial length, particularly elongation, are often associated with an increased risk of developing myopia. Regular monitoring of axial length can help eye care professionals track changes in the eye and manage these conditions more effectively.
The anterior chamber is the front portion of the eye, located between the cornea (the clear front "window" of the eye) and the iris (the colored part of the eye). It is filled with a clear fluid called aqueous humor that provides nutrients to the structures inside the eye and helps maintain its shape. The anterior chamber plays an important role in maintaining the overall health and function of the eye.
Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is a common refractive error of the eye. It occurs when the eye is either too long or the cornea (the clear front part of the eye) is too curved. As a result, light rays focus in front of the retina instead of directly on it, causing distant objects to appear blurry while close objects remain clear.
Myopia typically develops during childhood and can progress gradually or rapidly until early adulthood. It can be corrected with glasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery such as LASIK. Regular eye examinations are essential for people with myopia to monitor any changes in their prescription and ensure proper correction.
While myopia is generally not a serious condition, high levels of nearsightedness can increase the risk of certain eye diseases, including cataracts, glaucoma, retinal detachment, and myopic degeneration. Therefore, it's crucial to manage myopia effectively and maintain regular follow-ups with an eye care professional.
Aqueous humor is a clear, watery fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. It is produced by the ciliary processes in the posterior chamber and circulates through the pupil into the anterior chamber, where it provides nutrients to the cornea and lens, maintains intraocular pressure, and helps to shape the eye. The aqueous humor then drains out of the eye through the trabecular meshwork and into the canal of Schlemm, eventually reaching the venous system.
In medical terms, the iris refers to the colored portion of the eye that surrounds the pupil. It is a circular structure composed of thin, contractile muscle fibers (radial and circumferential) arranged in a regular pattern. These muscles are controlled by the autonomic nervous system and can adjust the size of the pupil in response to changes in light intensity or emotional arousal. By constricting or dilating the iris, the amount of light entering the eye can be regulated, which helps maintain optimal visual acuity under various lighting conditions.
The color of the iris is determined by the concentration and distribution of melanin pigments within the iris stroma. The iris also contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue that support its structure and function. Anatomically, the iris is continuous with the ciliary body and the choroid, forming part of the uveal tract in the eye.
The ciliary body is a part of the eye's internal structure that is located between the choroid and the iris. It is composed of muscle tissue and is responsible for adjusting the shape of the lens through a process called accommodation, which allows the eye to focus on objects at varying distances. Additionally, the ciliary body produces aqueous humor, the clear fluid that fills the anterior chamber of the eye and helps to nourish the eye's internal structures. The ciliary body is also responsible for maintaining the shape and position of the lens within the eye.
In medical terms, "tears" are a clear, salty liquid that is produced by the tear glands (lacrimal glands) in our eyes. They serve to keep the eyes moist, protect against dust and other foreign particles, and help to provide clear vision by maintaining a smooth surface on the front of the eye. Tears consist of water, oil, and mucus, which help to prevent evaporation and ensure that the tears spread evenly across the surface of the eye. Emotional or reflexive responses, such as crying or yawning, can also stimulate the production of tears.
The crystalline lens is a biconvex transparent structure in the eye that helps to refract (bend) light rays and focus them onto the retina. It is located behind the iris and pupil and is suspended by small fibers called zonules that connect it to the ciliary body. The lens can change its shape to accommodate and focus on objects at different distances, a process known as accommodation. With age, the lens may become cloudy or opaque, leading to cataracts.
Visual fields refer to the total area in which objects can be seen while keeping the eyes focused on a central point. It is the entire area that can be observed using peripheral (side) vision while the eye gazes at a fixed point. A visual field test is used to detect blind spots or gaps (scotomas) in a person's vision, which could indicate various medical conditions such as glaucoma, retinal damage, optic nerve disease, brain tumors, or strokes. The test measures both the central and peripheral vision and maps the entire area that can be seen when focusing on a single point.
In the context of medical terminology, I believe you may be referring to "pursuit" as it relates to neurological tests. A smooth pursuit is a type of eye movement in which the eyes smoothly and slowly follow a moving object. It requires coordination between the extraocular muscles, vestibular system, and visual system. If there are issues with any of these systems, smooth pursuit can be affected, leading to abnormalities such as jerky or saccadic movements.
Therefore, "smooth pursuit" is a medical term used to describe the normal, coordinated movement of the eyes that allows for the tracking of moving objects in a smooth and continuous manner.
Contact lens solutions are a type of disinfecting and cleaning solution specifically designed for use with contact lenses. They typically contain a combination of chemicals, such as preservatives, disinfectants, and surfactants, that work together to clean, disinfect, and store contact lenses safely and effectively.
There are several types of contact lens solutions available, including:
1. Multipurpose solution: This type of solution is the most commonly used and can be used for cleaning, rinsing, disinfecting, and storing soft contact lenses. It contains a combination of ingredients that perform all these functions in one step.
2. Hydrogen peroxide solution: This type of solution contains hydrogen peroxide as the main active ingredient, which is a powerful disinfectant. However, it requires a special case called a neutralizer to convert the hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen before using the lenses.
3. Saline solution: This type of solution is used only for rinsing and storing contact lenses and does not contain any disinfecting or cleaning agents. It is often used in combination with other solutions for a complete contact lens care routine.
4. Daily cleaner: This type of solution is used to remove protein buildup and other deposits from the surface of contact lenses. It should be used in conjunction with a multipurpose or hydrogen peroxide solution as part of a daily cleaning routine.
It's important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully when using contact lens solutions to ensure that they are used safely and effectively. Failure to do so could result in eye irritation, infection, or other complications.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
Contact lenses are thin, curved plastic or silicone hydrogel devices that are placed on the eye to correct vision, replace a missing or damaged cornea, or for cosmetic purposes. They rest on the surface of the eye, called the cornea, and conform to its shape. Contact lenses are designed to float on a thin layer of tears and move with each blink.
There are two main types of contact lenses: soft and rigid gas permeable (RGP). Soft contact lenses are made of flexible hydrophilic (water-absorbing) materials that allow oxygen to pass through the lens to the cornea. RGP lenses are made of harder, more oxygen-permeable materials.
Contact lenses can be used to correct various vision problems, including nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, and presbyopia. They come in different shapes, sizes, and powers to suit individual needs and preferences. Proper care, handling, and regular check-ups with an eye care professional are essential for maintaining good eye health and preventing complications associated with contact lens wear.
Hydrophilic contact lenses are a type of contact lens that is designed to absorb and retain water. These lenses are made from materials that have an affinity for water, which helps them to remain moist and comfortable on the eye. The water content of hydrophilic contact lenses can vary, but typically ranges from 30-80% by weight.
Hydrophilic contact lenses are often used to correct refractive errors such as myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), and astigmatism. They can be made in a variety of materials, including soft hydrogel and silicone hydrogel.
One advantage of hydrophilic contact lenses is that they tend to be more comfortable to wear than other types of contacts, as they retain moisture and conform closely to the shape of the eye. However, they may also be more prone to deposits and buildup, which can lead to protein accumulation and discomfort over time. Proper care and cleaning are essential to maintain the health of the eyes when wearing hydrophilic contact lenses.
Disinfection is the process of eliminating or reducing harmful microorganisms from inanimate objects and surfaces through the use of chemicals, heat, or other methods. The goal of disinfection is to reduce the number of pathogens to a level that is considered safe for human health. Disinfection is an important step in preventing the spread of infectious diseases in healthcare settings, food processing facilities, and other environments where there is a risk of infection transmission.
It's important to note that disinfection is not the same as sterilization, which is the complete elimination of all microorganisms, including spores. Disinfection is generally less effective than sterilization but is often sufficient for most non-critical surfaces and objects. The choice between disinfection and sterilization depends on the level of risk associated with the item or surface being treated and the intended use of that item or surface.
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Keratitis41
- The exact incidence of fungal keratitis in the general population is unknown, but it's thought to be more common in warmer climates where the fungi that cause these infections are likely more common in the environment. (cdc.gov)
- Srinivasan M. Fungal keratitis external icon . (cdc.gov)
- 154 cases of fungal keratitis were confirmed from June 2005 through June 2006 in 33 states. (allaboutvision.com)
- Prior to the outbreak in America, similar cases of fungal keratitis associated with ReNu with MoistureLoc were documented in Malaysia, Singapore and Hong Kong from late 2005 to early 2006. (allaboutvision.com)
- Following the outbreak of fungal keratitis associated with ReNu With MoistureLoc, another outbreak of a serious contact lens-related infection occurred. (allaboutvision.com)
- In May 2007, Advanced Medical Optics (now Abbott Medical Optics) announced the company was withdrawing its Complete MoisturePlus contact lens solution from the marketplace because of a possible association with the development of a potentially blinding eye infection known as Acanthamoeba keratitis . (allaboutvision.com)
- Fungal keratitis was first described by Leber in 1879. (medscape.com)
- The term fungal keratitis refers to a corneal infection caused by fungi. (medscape.com)
- When Fusarium infects the cornea, the eye disease is referred to as Fusarium keratitis. (medscape.com)
- The early stage of fungal keratitis remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the ophthalmologist. (medscape.com)
- [ 1 ] There is difficulty in establishing the clinical diagnosis, isolating the etiologic fungal organism in the laboratory, and treating the keratitis effectively with topical antifungal agents. (medscape.com)
- The incidence of fungal keratitis has increased over the past 30 years. (medscape.com)
- [ 1 ] This increased occurrence of fungal keratitis is a result of the frequent use of topical corticosteroids along with antibacterial agents in treating patients with keratitis. (medscape.com)
- With better laboratory facilities, the awareness about fungal keratitis has increased. (medscape.com)
- Of the 70 different fungi that have been implicated as causing fungal keratitis, the 2 medically important groups responsible for corneal infection are yeast and filamentous fungi (septate and nonseptate). (medscape.com)
- A feathery or powdery growth on the surface of culture media is produced by septate filamentary fungi, which are the most common cause of fungal keratitis. (medscape.com)
- Corneal trauma is the most frequent and major risk factor for fungal keratitis. (medscape.com)
- Symptoms of a fungal eye infection include: Fungal keratitis, also known as fungal eye disease, occurs when a fungus infiltrates the cornea-the transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the front of the eye. (ranahealthcare.com)
- Fusarium keratitis is a fungal infection of the cornea, preceded usually by trauma to the eye. (cdc.gov)
- As of May 18, 2006, CDC had received reports of 130 confirmed cases of Fusarium keratitis infection, defined as clinically consistent fungal keratitis with symptom onset after June 1, 2005, no history of recent ocular trauma, and a corneal culture yielding a Fusarium species. (cdc.gov)
- Neighborhood-matched controls were adults reporting soft contact lens use during March 2006 with no history of fungal keratitis. (cdc.gov)
- The brand made headlines in 2006 when a report from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggested an increased incidence of fungal keratitis in people using Bausch & Lomb products. (wikipedia.org)
- On April 11, 2006, Bausch & Lomb stopped shipments of its ReNu with MoistureLoc contact lens solution from its Greenville, South Carolina, plant after the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found what appeared to be a high correlation between use of the product and cases of suspected fungal keratitis. (wikipedia.org)
- Fungal keratitis is a severe infection of the cornea. (yourlawyer.com)
- Fusarium keratitis, one type of fungal keratitis, is often accompanied by symptoms of eye pain/discomfort, excessive watering or discharge from the infected eye, decrease in vision and increased sensitivity to light. (yourlawyer.com)
- Fungal keratitis is a condition more prevalent in warm climates. (yourlawyer.com)
- If not timely treated, Fusarium keratitis may lead to complete destruction of the cornea and loss of the eye itself. (yourlawyer.com)
- Before using this medication , tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: current or past eye infection (including viral infections such as herpes simplex keratitis), cataracts , glaucoma . (webmd.com)
- PRED FORTE suspension is contraindicated in acute untreated purulent ocular infections, in most viral diseases of the cornea and conjunctiva including epithelial herpes simplex keratitis (dendritic keratitis), vaccinia, and varicella, and also in mycobacterial infection of the eye and fungal diseases of ocular structures. (nih.gov)
- Keratitis is an inflammatory condition that affects the cornea of your eye. (healthline.com)
- Keratitis can be caused by an infection or injury to the eye. (healthline.com)
- Fungal keratitis is caused by Aspergillus, Candida, or Fusarium . (healthline.com)
- As with bacterial keratitis, fungal keratitis is most likely to affect those who wear contact lenses. (healthline.com)
- This type of infection is called Acanthamoeba keratitis. (healthline.com)
- Keratitis may be transmitted through an infection. (healthline.com)
- To diagnose keratitis, your doctor will first talk to you about the history of your symptoms and then look at your eyes. (healthline.com)
- A slit lamp works by magnifying the structures within your eye so your doctor can get a closer look at any damage being caused by keratitis. (healthline.com)
- Not all forms of keratitis infections respond to medications in the same way. (healthline.com)
- Acanthamoeba keratitis can sometimes be antibiotic-resistant, so your doctor may need to look at your eyes again if the infection doesn't clear up. (healthline.com)
- A study was made of the trend of ophthalmic fungal corneal keratitis in the greater Cairo area of Egypt and its association with climate records during the same period. (who.int)
- Data on diagnosed cases of fungal keratitis were collected from records of ophthalmic departments of Cairo University hospital and atmospheric temperature and humidity for the greater Cairo area were obtained from online records. (who.int)
Centers for Diseas3
- In September 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in collaboration with state and local health departments and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) external icon , began investigating a multistate outbreak of fungal meningitis and other infections among patients who received contaminated preservative-free MPA steroid injections from the New England Compounding Center in Framingham, Massachusetts. (cdc.gov)
- Address reprint requests to Mailstop E-69, Hospital Infections Program, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333. (cdc.gov)
- To assist hospitals in maintaining up-to-date isolation practices, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (1) (HICPAC) have revised the 'CDC Guideline for Isolation Precautions in Hospitals. (cdc.gov)
Bacterial infections1
- In addition to pests, fungal and bacterial infections can also compromise the health of the plant. (inforain.org)
Candida12
- 3 Candida species are the most common cause of endogenous fungal endophthalmitis. (cdc.gov)
- Fungal isolates have been classified into the following groups: Moniliaceae (nonpigmented filamentary fungi, including Fusarium and Aspergillus species), Dematiaceae (pigmented filamentary fungi, including Curvularia and Lasiodiplodia species), and yeasts (including Candida species). (medscape.com)
- Candida albicans is another common fungus that causes skin infections and it most commonly affects the vaginal and groin areas. (naturalnews.com)
- Due to elevated levels of blood sugar in diabetes, Candida albicans may shift from yeast to an invading mycelial fungal form. (naturalnews.com)
- Candida infections are found most commonly in the mouth (thrush), on the nails (onychomycosis), around the nails, under the breasts, between the fingers and toes (tinea pedis), in the corners of the mouth, in the armpits and groin, under the foreskin and in the vagina. (naturalnews.com)
- Thrush Candidiasis is infection with the yeast Candida . (msdmanuals.com)
- Currently, miltefosine is typically used only for invasive candidiasis "in desperate situations of infections caused by multiresistant Candida species when the novel drugs in the pipeline are not made available through their compassionate use programs," Martin Hoenigl, MD, of the Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, told Medscape Medical News . (medscape.com)
- He added that it is likely that miltefosine "will not be used broadly but in desperate situations only when there is a lack of other treatment options for invasive Candida infections, due to resistance. (medscape.com)
- Candida albicans and parapsilosis account for 80-90% of infections. (medscape.com)
- Adherence and the slow-growing nature of Candida facilitate its ability to colonize and disseminate into the bloodstream and body tissues before clinical signs and symptoms of infection become apparent. (medscape.com)
- Filamentous forms may contribute to colonization and infection, although species that do not form filaments, such as Candida glabrata, colonize and cause invasive disease in VLBW infants. (medscape.com)
- So, candidemia are bloodstream infections that are due to the fungus candida. (cdc.gov)
Symptoms27
- Diagnosing ocular yeast infections can be challenging since their symptoms often resemble those of other eye infections. (ranahealthcare.com)
- Corneal transplant surgery can effectively treat the symptoms of a fungal eye infection and restore vision. (ranahealthcare.com)
- If you notice any symptoms of a fungal eye infection, seeking immediate medical attention is crucial to ensure accurate diagnosis and treatment. (ranahealthcare.com)
- Type II diabetes can be identified by symptoms like constant craving of sugars, frequent urination, sudden weight loss, unusual drowsiness, tingling or numbness in the feet, cramping, dry itchy skin, frequent skin or vaginal infections and slow-healing sores. (naturalnews.com)
- Itching, blistering, swelling and dry flaky skin or severe scaling are the common symptoms of fungal infections. (naturalnews.com)
- Caution individuals considering LASIK that dry eye symptoms affect up to 40% of patients following surgery. (aafp.org)
- Only 2% to 3% of patients consider dry eye symptoms to be bothersome. (aafp.org)
- Caution individuals with chronic pain syndromes (e.g., fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, migraine) or contact lens intolerance that patients with these conditions report more dry eye symptoms following LASIK. (aafp.org)
- Dry eye symptoms are multifactorial, but some may be manifestations of corneal neuropathy. (aafp.org)
- Sneezing and watery eyes are 2 symptoms that are frequently met in cats suffering from allergic reactions. (vetinfo.com)
- There may be additional symptoms in your cat, depending on what causes the sneezing and the watery eyes. (vetinfo.com)
- While the symptoms may be similar, there are many possible causes of eye irritation. (healthline.com)
- Read on as we explore some of the more common causes of eye irritation, their symptoms, and possible treatments. (healthline.com)
- What are some common symptoms of eye irritation? (healthline.com)
- The specific symptoms that you may experience are dependent on the source of your eye irritation. (healthline.com)
- Symptoms typically occur in both eyes shortly after you're exposed to an allergen. (healthline.com)
- For example, if you're allergic to pet dander you may experience eye allergy symptoms if you visit the home of someone who has a cat or dog . (healthline.com)
- In many cases, thoroughly rinsing the affected eye or eyes with room temperature water for 15 to 20 minutes can relieve symptoms. (healthline.com)
- It's important to limit the duration of time that your eyes are exposed to an irritant and to seek prompt medical attention if symptoms do not go away after rinsing. (healthline.com)
- In addition to eye irritation or discomfort, symptoms of digital eye strain can include headache, dry eyes , and pain in your neck or shoulders. (healthline.com)
- The symptoms of digital eye strain are temporary and should subside when you stop using your computer or phone. (healthline.com)
- Additional symptoms that you may experience can include swelling of the membranes around the eye, an urge to rub your eyes, pus or mucus discharge, and crusting of the eyelids or lashes. (healthline.com)
- Researchers aren't sure how many COVID-19 patients end up being so-called long haulers, with symptoms lasting more than a month after initial infections. (startribune.com)
- When it comes to keeping an eye out for the symptoms associated with cat's ear infection, keep in mind that the Persian breed seems more susceptible to ear infections than any other species of cat. (pictures-of-cats.org)
- The excess wax begins to clog the ear, eventually worsening cat ear infection symptoms. (pictures-of-cats.org)
- Benzalkonium chloride has been reported to cause eye irritation, symptoms of dry eyes and may affect the tear film and corneal surface. (medicines.org.uk)
- Rarely, an infected person can get pneumonia if fungal spores have been inhaled, causing symptoms such as shortness of breath, cough and fever. (dailymail.co.uk)
Fusarium2
- In 2012, CDC, state and local health departments, and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) investigated a multistate outbreak of Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex endophthalmitis associated with Brilliant Blue-G, a type of dye used during eye surgery, and Bipolaris endophthalmitis associated with eye injections of a steroid called triamcinolone. (cdc.gov)
- It shows the growth of a velvety fungal colony, cream with an orange tinge, which was identified as Fusarium solani . (ajtmh.org)
Treat fungal4
- Treatment: A combination of antifungal medications, such as eye drops, ointments, or oral drugs, is often used to treat fungal eye infections. (ranahealthcare.com)
- ketoconazole, used to treat fungal infections. (mydr.com.au)
- It has also been used to treat fungal infections of the toenail, warts, cold sores. (a-n-c.co.uk)
- Both were referred by their GP to their local infectious diseases clinic and were given six months of itraconazole - medication used to treat fungal infections. (dailymail.co.uk)
Cornea6
- Corneal Transplant (Keratoplasty): Fungal invasion can cause significant damage and scarring to the cornea, leading to vision loss. (ranahealthcare.com)
- The cornea, the transparent front layer of the eye. (ranahealthcare.com)
- D ) Three days later, the infection had progressed to involve the entire cornea. (ajtmh.org)
- Complete ophthalmic examination including a Schirmer tear test, fluorescein staining of the cornea, tonometry, examination of the eyelids and surface of the eye with magnification (such as slit-lamp biomicroscopy), and detailed examination of the front and back portions of the eye. (petplace.com)
- As fungal infections of the cornea are particularly prone to develop coincidentally with long-term local corticosteroid applications, fungal invasion should be suspected in any persistent corneal ulceration where a corticosteroid has been used or is in use. (nih.gov)
- If your eye is sealed shut from an infection, they will help you open it so they can conduct a full examination of the cornea. (healthline.com)
Spores4
- Of the wide variety of spores that land on the skin or are inhaled into the lungs, most do not cause infection. (msdmanuals.com)
- Air sampling was conducted for culturable fungi using a single-stage cascade impactor with malt extract agar and cornmeal agar, fungal spores using Air-O-Cell media and mixed cellulose ester filters, and endotoxin using polyvinyl chloride filters. (cdc.gov)
- The fungus develops in the bodies of people who have inhaled fungal spores from the air. (ibtimes.com)
- Because fungal spores are often present in the air or in the soil, fungal infections usually begin in the lungs or on the skin. (msdmanuals.com)
Ocular infections3
- Many fungal organisms associated with ocular infections are ubiquitous, saprophytic organisms and have been reported as causes of infection only in the ophthalmic literature. (medscape.com)
- Prolonged use may also suppress the host immune response and thus increase the hazard of secondary ocular infections. (nih.gov)
- Prolonged use of corticosteroids may suppress the host response and may increase the possibility of secondary ocular infections. (medicines.org.uk)
Yeast3
- If you have ever had athlete's foot or a yeast infection , you can blame a fungus. (medlineplus.gov)
- KOH dissolves keratin found in cellular material and freeing fungal hyphae and yeast cells. (slideshare.net)
- Ear mites also cause secondary infections in the ear that involves bacteria and fungus (in the form of yeast). (pictures-of-cats.org)
Lungs6
- As a result, fungal infections often start in the lungs or on the skin. (medlineplus.gov)
- Consequently, fungal infections usually begin in the lungs or on the skin. (msdmanuals.com)
- Systemic fungal infections affect organs such as the lungs, eyes, liver, and brain and also can affect the skin. (msdmanuals.com)
- In addition to this, fungal infection had involved lungs in seven patients. (tribuneindia.com)
- Surgery was needed after secondary bacterial and fungal infections further damaged his lungs. (startribune.com)
- The infection, which is usually mild, can also affect the eyes, lungs and bones and joints. (dailymail.co.uk)
Viral infections3
- Viral infections are typically mild and resolve in one to two weeks. (healthline.com)
- Use of ocular steroids may prolong the course and may exacerbate the severity of many viral infections of the eye (including herpes simplex). (nih.gov)
- Upper respiratory infections, such as feline herpesvirus and feline calicivirus, are common viral infections in cats. (tagvault.org)
Severe11
- A fungal eye infection occurs when a fungus enters the tissues of the eye, posing a hazardous threat that requires immediate medical attention to avoid severe consequences. (ranahealthcare.com)
- While most cases are treated with antifungal medications, severe infections may necessitate surgery. (ranahealthcare.com)
- The American law firms of de la O, Marko, Magolnick & Leyton, P.A. and Parker & Waichman, LLP announce they have been retained by citizens of Asia who have suffered severe damage to their eyes as a result of using Bausch & Lomb's (NYSE:BOL) ReNu with MoistureLoc(r) brand contact lens solution. (yourlawyer.com)
- More severe cases may require prescription dry eye medications . (healthline.com)
- In very severe cases, antifungal medication may need to be injected directly into the eye. (healthline.com)
- When a cat is battling a severe infection, they may lose their sense of balance or suffer "head tilt," which is characterized by the persistent turn of the head that usually indicates an issue in with the middle or inner ear. (pictures-of-cats.org)
- For severe infections, the directions are to use every two hours. (canadapharmacy.com)
- In severe cases, your veterinarian may prescribe antiviral, antibiotic, or antifungal medications to combat the infection. (tagvault.org)
- All these fungal infections are severe and must be treated as soon as possible. (genreality.net)
- These fungal co-infections are reported with increasing frequency and can be associated with severe illness and death," the CDC reports. (medscape.com)
- and acanthamoeba eratitis, a severe eye infection. (medscape.com)
Contamination7
- But the CDC found no fungal contamination of unopened bottles of the contact lens solution produced at the plant. (allaboutvision.com)
- Stachybotrys chartarum, Cladosporium, and A. sydowii were the predominant fungal species identified in the ceiling tile bulk samples collected, which indicates past or present microbial contamination. (cdc.gov)
- Dr. Bernes has announced an eye drops recall following an FDA contamination warning and reports of adverse events from consumers. (aboutlawsuits.com)
- The FDA is warning that Dr. Berne's and LightEyez MSM-based eye drops carry bacterial and fungal contamination risks which could lead to vision loss and death. (aboutlawsuits.com)
- To avoid contamination, do not touch the dropper tip or let it touch your eye or any other surface. (webmd.com)
- Advise patients that to prevent eye injury or contamination, care should be taken to avoid touching the bottle tip to eyelids or to any other surface. (nih.gov)
- Do not touch the tip of the dropper to the eye as this may cause contamination of the Tobrex bottle. (canadapharmacy.com)
Gary Heiting1
- Gary Heiting, "Fungal Eye Infections and Contact Lens Solutions. (wikipedia.org)
Systemic6
- Fungal infections can affect only one area of the body (localized) or many areas of the body (systemic). (msdmanuals.com)
- In addition to well-recognized contraindications (e.g., unstable refraction, pregnancy and lactation, chronic eye disease, systemic illness, corneal abnormalities), there are other conditions that warrant caution (e.g., excessively dry eyes, contact lens intolerance, chronic pain syndromes). (aafp.org)
- The oral lesions associated with these deep fungal infections are chronic and progress to form solitary, chronic deep ulcers with the potential for local destruction and invasion and systemic dissemination. (medscape.com)
- therefore, a diagnosis of a deep-seated fungal oral infection should prompt the clinician to investigate systemic involvement as well as to determine the integrity of the immune system of the affected individual. (medscape.com)
- However, the use of medicines for systemic use is a great auxiliary in combating pain, inflammation and/or infection, making easier to treat the clinical status, that patient experiences less pain. (bvsalud.org)
- Although endodontic treatment should be view from a surgical perspective, because local therapy must be firstly instituted, many clinical situations require the use of systemic drugs to act on problems coming from the treatment sequence, such as: inflammatory reaction, pain, and infection that provide more comfort and safety to patient 5 . (bvsalud.org)
Antifungal5
- Oral antifungal medicines are also available for serious infections. (medlineplus.gov)
- The specific fungus involved and the severity of the infection will determine the recommended antifungal medication. (ranahealthcare.com)
- Fungal eye infections can be treated with antifungal medication in eye drop or pill form. (healthline.com)
- Although an index of suspicion must always remain high, infection control, prophylaxis, and aggressive treatment (antifungal therapy and central catheter removal) during this period have the greatest potential to improve the outcome of this population. (medscape.com)
- Antifungal drugs may be applied directly to the infected site or, if the infection is serious, taken by mouth or injected. (msdmanuals.com)
Presence of fungal1
- However, some indoor air samples revealed a higher percentage of Aspergillus and/or Penicillium species than outdoor air samples, suggesting the presence of fungal reservoirs. (cdc.gov)
Fungus5
- My website, ( www.perfectlyhealthy.net ) , provides excellent information regarding reliable and effective products such as perfectlyhealthy pH Plus, Mega Greens plus MSM, Metabolic Rx and Gluco Solution Drops for sugar level control and prevention of fungal infections along with Nature's Oil for Nails for nail fungus. (naturalnews.com)
- As India continues its fight against the coronavirus pandemic, a new outbreak of the deadly "black fungus" is causing COVID-19 patients to lose their eyes, nose and jaw. (ibtimes.com)
- This fungus grows in the nostril, travels towards the eyes (Klotz et al. (springer.com)
- Among the listed fungal skin infection, nail fungus is a serious skin disease, which is defined as a traitor by the many. (genreality.net)
- Government health chiefs claim they all caught the fungal infection from the same cat, which had been rescued from Brazil - where the fungus is rife. (dailymail.co.uk)
Diagnosis2
- untreated purulent acute infections which, similar to other infectious diseases, can be masked and worsened by corticoids, 'red eye' with unknown diagnosis and infection caused by amoeba. (medicines.org.uk)
- Fungal disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis when a corneal ulcer persists. (medicines.org.uk)
Anti-fungal2
- An anti-fungal injection could fight against the disease. (ibtimes.com)
- Honey has anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties. (islamcan.com)
Ophthalmic1
- FDA released a MedWatch Safety Alert external icon on October 15 stating that the sterility of any injectable drugs, including ophthalmic drugs that are injectable or used in conjunction with eye surgery, and cardioplegia solutions produced by NECC is of significant concern. (cdc.gov)
Caused by fungi2
- Infection in humans and animals caused by fungi in the class Zygomycetes. (bvsalud.org)
- The latter is a tropical infection of subcutaneous tissue or paranasal sinuses caused by fungi in the order Entomophthorales. (bvsalud.org)
Inflammation6
- Although CDC has received reports of illness in patients who have received the medications listed in the table below, including some patients who had evidence of meningeal inflammation, CDC and public health officials have no reports of laboratory-confirmed bacterial or fungal meningitis, spinal, or paraspinal infections caused by these products. (cdc.gov)
- Dogs that develop anterior uveitis (inflammation of the iris) may also show signs of eye pain. (petplace.com)
- Advise patients that if eye inflammation or pain persists longer than 48 hours or becomes aggravated, they should consult a physician. (nih.gov)
- Cat's ear infection is rarely a condition that threatens the life of a feline, but the ear can only tolerate a certain level of inflammation before permanent damage becomes a result. (pictures-of-cats.org)
- Cats can sneeze due to nose tickles, noxious smells, dust and particles, foreign objects, respiratory infections, and inflammation of the nasal cavity or sinuses. (tagvault.org)
- Additionally to analgesics, anti-inflammatories and antibiotics, used to combat pain, inflammation and infection, respectively, dentists can still make use of anxiolytics, in cases of patients very fearful to endodontic treatment. (bvsalud.org)
Aspergillus2
- One patient, the index case, had a laboratory-confirmed Aspergillus fumigatus image icon infection. (cdc.gov)
- a much smaller number of infections may be attributed Malassezia, Zygomycetes, or Aspergillus pathogens. (medscape.com)
Candidiasis2
- Candidiasis (candidosis) is by far the most common fungal infection of the mouth (oral cavity). (medscape.com)
- Of note, invasive candidiasis is one of the most common fungal infections in patients with COVID-19. (medscape.com)
Athlete's foot1
- Three other common fungal infections are athlete's foot (affecting the skin between the toes), jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals as well as inside of the thighs) and ringworm (ring-shaped, itchy, scaly patches or blisters that can appear on groin, feet, abdomen, chest and scalp or nails). (naturalnews.com)
Antibiotics4
- You are more likely to get a fungal infection if you have a weakened immune system or take antibiotics. (medlineplus.gov)
- Depending on the object that was in your eye, your doctor may also prescribe a course of antibiotics to prevent infection. (healthline.com)
- If you have a bacterial infection, your doctor will likely prescribe antibiotics in an eye drop format. (healthline.com)
- According to Siqueira Júnior (1997) 20 , in approximately 60% of infection human cases, the host defenses themselves account for the process cure, without antibiotics. (bvsalud.org)
Thrush2
- It causes the eyes and mouth to dry out, and can also lead to tooth decay, recurring oral thrush , and a persistent dry cough. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Common side effects of fluticasone/salmeterol include upper respiratory tract infection, throat irritation, hoarseness and voice changes, and thrush in the mouth or throat. (rxwiki.com)
Infectious Diseases2
- and the Director, National Center for Infectious Diseases, regarding the practice of hospital infection control and strategies for surveillance, prevention, and control of nosocomial infections in US hospitals. (cdc.gov)
- Stuart Levitz] Wel, as a physician specializing in infectious diseases, I see a lot of infections associated with il icit intravenous drug use. (cdc.gov)
Invasive3
- Although these immunocompromised infants are at increased risk during most of their hospital stay, they are at the highest risk of acquiring invasive fungal infections during the first weeks of life, when the most invasive therapies are performed and remain in place. (medscape.com)
- Pathogenesis and invasive fungal infections in very low birth weight infants. (medscape.com)
- ABSTRACT Rising rates of invasive fungal infections may be linked to global climate change. (who.int)
Discharge1
- Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: new or increased eye pain /swelling/discharge/redness, eye pain/discomfort in bright light, vision changes. (webmd.com)
Related to the outbreak1
- In June 2009, news reports indicated that Bausch + Lomb had settled about 600 lawsuits related to the outbreak of fungal eye infections associated with the contact lens solution and paid approximately $250 million in settlements. (allaboutvision.com)
Among contact lens wearers1
- Although not a notifiable disease, the infection is thought to be rare among contact lens wearers in temperate climates ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Skin infections2
- Overview of Fungal Skin Infections Fungi usually live in moist areas of the body where skin surfaces meet: between the toes, in the genital area, and under the breasts. (msdmanuals.com)
- Except for some superficial skin infections, fungal infections are rarely passed from one person to another. (msdmanuals.com)
Hyphae2
- K ) Thin septate fungal hyphae are noted on ( K ) periodic acid-Schiff and Gomori methenamine silver stain, ( L ) extending up to the Descemet's membrane (×10 magnification). (ajtmh.org)
- Clear adhesive tape touches a mold colony, picking up fungal hyphae and pressed into one drop of LCB on a microscope slide. (slideshare.net)
Contact lens7
- Taking proper care of your contact lenses using the lens solutions your optometrist or ophthalmologist recommends greatly reduces your risk of contact lens-related eye infections . (allaboutvision.com)
- But it's important to know that even with proper contact lens care, some risk of eye infections remains. (allaboutvision.com)
- Sometimes, contact lens-related fungal eye infections can be caused by problems with contact lens solutions. (allaboutvision.com)
- Individuals with the eye infection were more than 20 times more likely to have used Bausch + Lomb's ReNu With MoistureLoc contact lens solution than other lens care products. (allaboutvision.com)
- Fungal eye infections related to use of the contact lens disinfecting product also were found in Europe in 2006. (allaboutvision.com)
- Among the 130 patients with confirmed cases, 125 reported wearing contact lenses, and 118 were able to identify which contact lens solution(s) they had used during the month before onset of infection. (cdc.gov)
- Risk factors for infection usually include trauma (generally with plant material), chronic ocular surface diseases, immunodeficiencies and, very rarely, contact lens use. (yourlawyer.com)
Ulcer5
- Fungal corneal ulcer. (medscape.com)
- Fungal ulcer in an elderly woman. (medscape.com)
- Fungal corneal ulcer, with excessive vascularization. (medscape.com)
- A corneal ulcer or scratch can also cause reflex pain and spasm of the iris inside of the eye. (petplace.com)
- The most common presentation of oral deep fungal infection is a chronic, solitary ulcer or nodule. (medscape.com)
Usually resolves1
- Postoperative dry eye, which may in part represent a corneal neuropathy, usually resolves after six to 12 months but persists in up to 20% of patients. (aafp.org)
Itchy1
- Itchy skin and watery eyes may also accompany allergic reactions. (tagvault.org)
Irritation10
- What's Causing My Eye Irritation? (healthline.com)
- Eye irritation is a general term used to describe the feeling when something is bothering your eyes or the surrounding area. (healthline.com)
- What are some of the causes of eye irritation? (healthline.com)
- Accidental exposure to things such as smoke, dust particles, or chemical vapors can also cause eye irritation. (healthline.com)
- Foreign objects can get into your eyes and cause irritation. (healthline.com)
- Sometimes you may feel eye irritation when you've been using your computer, phone, or tablet for an extended period of time . (healthline.com)
- In addition to eye irritation, your eyes may feel like they're dry and scratchy, or like you have something in them. (healthline.com)
- A variety of bacterial, viral, or fungal infections can cause eye irritation. (healthline.com)
- The presence of a stye , a painful lump located at the edge of your eye, can cause eye irritation. (healthline.com)
- Squinting may occur from both external and internal irritation of the eye. (petplace.com)
Drops12
- Prescribed eye drops, artificial tears, and moisture chamber spectacles can help to relieve dry eyes . (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Eye drops and ointments, if the vet finds that the cat has an ocular infection. (vetinfo.com)
- Over-the-counter pills or eye drops may help. (healthline.com)
- An eye infection lawsuit blames recalled Ezricare Artificial Tears eye drops for the need to surgically remove a Pennsylvania woman's left eye. (aboutlawsuits.com)
- An Artificial Tears infection lawsuit claims a man has almost gone blind in his right eye after using the recalled eye drops. (aboutlawsuits.com)
- To apply eye drops, wash your hands first. (webmd.com)
- If you are wearing contact lenses , remove them before using eye drops. (webmd.com)
- If you are using another kind of eye medication (for example, drops or ointments), wait at least 5 to 10 minutes before applying other medications . (webmd.com)
- Use eye drops before eye ointments to allow the drops to enter the eye. (webmd.com)
- The usual dosage is 1-2 drops every four eyes into the affected eyes for mild or moderate infections. (canadapharmacy.com)
- Your doctor may prescribe eye drops, oral medications, or both. (healthline.com)
- Shake the bottle vigorously before using the eye drops. (medicines.org.uk)
Nail1
- For skin and nail infections, you can apply medicine directly to the infected area. (medlineplus.gov)
Microorganisms1
- Localized fungal infections sometimes occur when the mix of other microorganisms (eg, bacteria) that normally live in certain parts of the body (also called the microbiome) is out of balance. (msdmanuals.com)
Prepared from corneal1
- C ) Microscopic evaluation of slides prepared from corneal scrapings shows septate fungal filaments under fluorescence microscope (potassium hydroxide with calcofluor white stain, ×400 magnification). (ajtmh.org)
Bloodstream infections1
- This condition includes the potentially life-threatening candidemia, which is among the most common bloodstream infections in hospitalized patients in the United States. (medscape.com)
Steroids4
- Diabetes lowers the body's immune defenses, coronavirus exacerbates it, and then steroids which help fight Covid-19 act like fuel to the fire," Dr. Akshay Nair, a Mumbai-based eye surgeon, told BBC . (ibtimes.com)
- The prescribed caused heart palpitations, constrictions, skin thinning, and under eye black circles after 1-month of use -- so obviously I ceased them and refused to take anymore steroids, cortizones, conozoles, etc. (earthclinic.com)
- Surinder K Singhal of the ENT Department, GMCH, said, "The main reasons of the fungal infection were excess use of steroids and diabetes. (tribuneindia.com)
- In acute purulent conditions of the eye, steroids may mask infection or enhance existing infection. (medicines.org.uk)
Chronic5
- Chronic diabetes can give rise to several life-threatening complications such as increased risk of developing bone and joint disease, stroke, nervous system disorder, infection of the respiratory system, kidney disease, hypertension, heart disease and visual impairment and loss of digits or limbs. (naturalnews.com)
- Sometimes the ear canal will actually close when the infection has become advanced and chronic. (pictures-of-cats.org)
- However, chronic pulmonary infection tends to progress and disseminated infections can be fatal. (medscape.com)
- A dysfunction of phagocyte NOX, on the other hand, results in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) in humans, characterized by recurrent bacterial and fungal infections as well as granuloma formation and hyperinflammation. (frontiersin.org)
- In addition to the staggering number of overdose deaths, acute and chronic infections can be transmitted by intravenous, or IV, drug use. (cdc.gov)
Contagious3
- The investigation includes fungal meningitis (a form of meningitis that is not contagious), localized spinal or paraspinal infections, such as epidural abscess and arachnoiditis, and infections associated with injections in a peripheral joint space, such as a knee, shoulder, or ankle. (cdc.gov)
- Upper respiratory infections can be highly contagious among cats, so it is important to isolate the infected cat from other feline companions to prevent the spread of the infection. (tagvault.org)
- These cases only become contagious if an infection develops. (healthline.com)
Meningitis2
- All relevant materials for patients and clinicians concerning the multistate outbreak of fungal meningitis and other infections are located on this page. (cdc.gov)
- On September 26, 2012 , NECC voluntarily recalled three lots of preservative-free MPA associated with the multistate outbreak of fungal meningitis and other infections. (cdc.gov)
Corneal transplantation1
- As a result of this infection, corneal transplantation was required in 37 of 120 (31%) cases. (cdc.gov)
Prevention1
- HICPAC also advises the CDC on periodic updating of guidelines and other policy statements regarding prevention of nosocomial infections. (cdc.gov)
Cat's4
- A natural cure for cat's ear infection can become an effective means to end the constant shaking of the head and scratching of the ear that accompanies this common ear problem. (pictures-of-cats.org)
- If you have personal experience of curing a cat's ear infection using natural means please leave a comment to pass on your knowledge to others. (pictures-of-cats.org)
- When it comes to cat's ear infection, there are two common diagnoses a veterinarian may conclude: otitis externa (infection of the ear canal) and otitis media (infection of the middle ear). (pictures-of-cats.org)
- The presence of mites can also cause infection to develop in a cat's ear. (pictures-of-cats.org)
Colonization2
- Continued delays in roof reconstruction and renovation of structurally damage d portions and closed interior wings could result in a progressive increase of fungal colonization. (cdc.gov)
- The pathogenesis of fungal infections in preterm infants involves adherence, colonization, and dissemination (as is shown in the image below). (medscape.com)
Treatment6
- Surgery: In extreme cases or when the infection does not respond to topical treatment, surgery may be necessary. (ranahealthcare.com)
- Patients affected by tainted steroid injections from the New England Compounding Center continue to receive treatment for their infections and clinicians should continue to monitor patient recovery. (cdc.gov)
- Treatment for eye allergies is centered on symptom relief. (healthline.com)
- Treatment depends on what is causing the infection. (healthline.com)
- Veterinary care includes diagnostic tests to determine what is causing the eye pain and to direct subsequent treatment. (petplace.com)
- Tobrex is a prescription eye medication for the treatment of certain types of eye infections. (canadapharmacy.com)
Endogenous1
- It may also be used to treat a certain serious eye problem (endogenous anterior uveitis ). (webmd.com)
Medication12
- Avoid getting the medication in your eyes or on your face. (medbroadcast.com)
- This medication is used to treat swelling and pain after eye surgery. (webmd.com)
- Use of this medication for prolonged or repeated periods may result in a new fungal infection . (webmd.com)
- Acute purulent infections of the eye may be masked or activity enhanced by the presence of corticosteroid medication. (nih.gov)
- This medication is used to treat eye infections. (webmd.com)
- It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.This medication treats only bacterial eye infections. (webmd.com)
- Stopping the medication too early may allow bacteria to continue to grow, which may result in a relapse of the infection. (webmd.com)
- Use of this medication for prolonged or repeated periods may result in a new fungal eye infection. (webmd.com)
- Before using this medication , tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: other eye problems . (webmd.com)
- This medication is typically used for fungal infections of the skin. (familiprix.com)
- DESIGN: We used the diversity structure of the virus population at the first RNA-positive sample to estimate the date of infection, and mapped these estimates to medication diaries obtained under daily directly observed therapy (DOT). (cdc.gov)
- Study medication diaries obtained under daily DOT were then used to compute the number of missed TDF doses at the approximate date of infection. (cdc.gov)