Infection, moderate to severe, caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses, which occurs either on the external surface of the eye or intraocularly with probable inflammation, visual impairment, or blindness.
Infections in the inner or external eye caused by microorganisms belonging to several families of bacteria. Some of the more common genera found are Haemophilus, Neisseria, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Chlamydia.
An infection of the eyes characterized by the presence in conjunctival epithelial cells of inclusion bodies indistinguishable from those of trachoma. It is acquired by infants during birth and by adults from swimming pools. The etiological agent is CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS whose natural habitat appears to be the genito-urinary tract. Inclusion conjunctivitis is a less severe disease than trachoma and usually clears up spontaneously.
Plasmids controlling the synthesis of hemolysin by bacteria.
Simultaneous inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva.
Purulent infections of the conjunctiva by several species of gram-negative, gram-positive, or acid-fast organisms. Some of the more commonly found genera causing conjunctival infections are Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, and Chlamydia.
The organ of sight constituting a pair of globular organs made up of a three-layered roughly spherical structure specialized for receiving and responding to light.
Conjunctivitis is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, the transparent membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and covers the white part of the eye, resulting in symptoms such as redness, swelling, itching, burning, discharge, and increased sensitivity to light.
Inflammation of the cornea.
Mild to severe infections of the eye and its adjacent structures (adnexa) by adult or larval protozoan or metazoan parasites.
A form of herpetic keratitis characterized by the formation of small vesicles which break down and coalesce to form recurring dendritic ulcers, characteristically irregular, linear, branching, and ending in knoblike extremities. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 3d ed)
Infections of the eye caused by minute intracellular agents. These infections may lead to severe inflammation in various parts of the eye - conjunctiva, iris, eyelids, etc. Several viruses have been identified as the causative agents. Among these are Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, Poxvirus, and Myxovirus.
Type species of CHLAMYDIA causing a variety of ocular and urogenital diseases.
RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM analysis of rRNA genes that is used for differentiating between species or strains.
Infection by a variety of fungi, usually through four possible mechanisms: superficial infection producing conjunctivitis, keratitis, or lacrimal obstruction; extension of infection from neighboring structures - skin, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx; direct introduction during surgery or accidental penetrating trauma; or via the blood or lymphatic routes in patients with underlying mycoses.
Diseases affecting the eye.
Voluntary or reflex-controlled movements of the eye.
Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries.
Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur.
Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the eye; may also be hereditary.
Injury to any part of the eye by extreme heat, chemical agents, or ultraviolet radiation.
The surgical removal of the eyeball leaving the eye muscles and remaining orbital contents intact.
Color of the iris.
Centers for storing various parts of the eye for future use.
Clarity or sharpness of OCULAR VISION or the ability of the eye to see fine details. Visual acuity depends on the functions of RETINA, neuronal transmission, and the interpretative ability of the brain. Normal visual acuity is expressed as 20/20 indicating that one can see at 20 feet what should normally be seen at that distance. Visual acuity can also be influenced by brightness, color, and contrast.
Tumors or cancer of the EYE.
Processes and properties of the EYE as a whole or of any of its parts.
Light sensory organ in ARTHROPODS consisting of a large number of ommatidia, each functioning as an independent photoreceptor unit.
Personal devices for protection of the eyes from impact, flying objects, glare, liquids, or injurious radiation.
The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the OPTIC NERVE and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the CHOROID and the inner surface with the VITREOUS BODY. The outer-most layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent.
The pressure of the fluids in the eye.
Deeply perforating or puncturing type intraocular injuries.
Sterile solutions that are intended for instillation into the eye. It does not include solutions for cleaning eyeglasses or CONTACT LENS SOLUTIONS.
Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the eye.
Methods and procedures for recording EYE MOVEMENTS.
The positioning and accommodation of eyes that allows the image to be brought into place on the FOVEA CENTRALIS of each eye.
The back two-thirds of the eye that includes the anterior hyaloid membrane and all of the optical structures behind it: the VITREOUS HUMOR; RETINA; CHOROID; and OPTIC NERVE.
An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
The transparent, semigelatinous substance that fills the cavity behind the CRYSTALLINE LENS of the EYE and in front of the RETINA. It is contained in a thin hyaloid membrane and forms about four fifths of the optic globe.
The white, opaque, fibrous, outer tunic of the eyeball, covering it entirely excepting the segment covered anteriorly by the cornea. It is essentially avascular but contains apertures for vessels, lymphatics, and nerves. It receives the tendons of insertion of the extraocular muscles and at the corneoscleral junction contains the canal of Schlemm. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
The distance between the anterior and posterior poles of the eye, measured either by ULTRASONOGRAPHY or by partial coherence interferometry.
The space in the eye, filled with aqueous humor, bounded anteriorly by the cornea and a small portion of the sclera and posteriorly by a small portion of the ciliary body, the iris, and that part of the crystalline lens which presents through the pupil. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed, p109)
A refractive error in which rays of light entering the EYE parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the RETINA when accommodation (ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR) is relaxed. This results from an overly curved CORNEA or from the eyeball being too long from front to back. It is also called nearsightedness.
The clear, watery fluid which fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. It has a refractive index lower than the crystalline lens, which it surrounds, and is involved in the metabolism of the cornea and the crystalline lens. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed, p319)
The most anterior portion of the uveal layer, separating the anterior chamber from the posterior. It consists of two layers - the stroma and the pigmented epithelium. Color of the iris depends on the amount of melanin in the stroma on reflection from the pigmented epithelium.
A ring of tissue extending from the scleral spur to the ora serrata of the RETINA. It consists of the uveal portion and the epithelial portion. The ciliary muscle is in the uveal portion and the ciliary processes are in the epithelial portion.
The fluid secreted by the lacrimal glands. This fluid moistens the CONJUNCTIVA and CORNEA.
A transparent, biconvex structure of the EYE, enclosed in a capsule and situated behind the IRIS and in front of the vitreous humor (VITREOUS BODY). It is slightly overlapped at its margin by the ciliary processes. Adaptation by the CILIARY BODY is crucial for OCULAR ACCOMMODATION.
The total area or space visible in a person's peripheral vision with the eye looking straightforward.
Eye movements that are slow, continuous, and conjugate and occur when a fixed object is moved slowly.

AIDS related eye disease in Burundi, Africa. (1/165)

AIMS: To determine the prevalence of ocular manifestations in AIDS patients hospitalised in Bujumbura, Burundi, according to their CD4+ lymphocyte count, serological status for CMV and VZV, and general health status. METHODS: Prospective study of 154 consecutive patients who underwent general and ophthalmological examinations, including dilated fundus examination. AIDS was diagnosed on the basis of Bangui criteria and HIV-1 seropositivity. CD4+ lymphocyte counts were determined by the Capcellia method. CMV and VZV antibodies were detected with ELISA methods. RESULTS: The mean age was 37 (SD 9) years and 65% of the patients were male. Active tuberculosis was the most frequent underlying disease (61%). Almost all the patients (99%) were seropositive for CMV and VZV. Among the 115 patients for whom CD4+ lymphocyte counts were available, 86 (75%) had more than 100 cells x 10(6)/l. Ocular involvement comprised 16 cases of microangiopathy, six of opalescence of the anterior chamber, five of retinal perivasculitis, two of zoster ophthalmicus, two of viral retinitis, and one of opalescence of the vitreous. CONCLUSION: In Africa, the prevalence of ocular involvement in HIV infection is far lower than in Europe and the United States, possibly because most African patients die before ocular opportunistic infections occur.  (+info)

Protection against murine cytomegalovirus retinitis by adoptive transfer of virus-specific CD8+ T cells. (2/165)

PURPOSE: Human cytomegalovirus retinitis, the most common ophthalmic infection of AIDS patients, has been modeled in BALB/c mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus by the supraciliary route. A series of depletion and adoptive transfer studies was performed to determine whether adoptive transfer of T cells protects mice from retinitis caused by murine cytomegalovirus infection after supraciliary inoculation and to determine which subset of T cells is responsible for protection. METHODS: BALB/c mice were thymectomized and T cell-depleted by injection of monoclonal antibodies to CD4, CD8, or both. Murine cytomegalovirus (9 x 10(2) plaque forming units [pfu]) was injected into the supraciliary space. Experimental animals received murine cytomegalovirus-specific T cells or subsets of T cells 2 hours before virus injection, whereas control animals received herpes simplex virus type 1-specific T cells by tail vein injection. Eight days after virus injection, retinal pathology was scored by histopathologic examination of hematoxylin and eosin-stained ocular sections. RESULTS: CD8+ T cell depletion was sufficient for development of retinitis after supraciliary injection of murine cytomegalovirus. Adoptive transfer of murine cytomegalovirus-specific T cells, but not herpes simplex virus type 1-specific T cells, provided protection from retinitis. Additionally, separation of the murine cytomegalovirus-specific T cells into CD8+ and CD4+ subsets before adoptive transfer showed that the CD8+ fraction of the adoptive T cells was responsible for protection. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that adoptive transfer of cytomegalovirus-specific T cells or T cell subsets might be used to treat or prevent cytomegalovirus retinitis in immunosuppressed human patients.  (+info)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 serum neutralizing antibody titers increase during latency in rabbits latently infected with latency-associated transcript (LAT)-positive but not LAT-negative viruses. (3/165)

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency-associated transcript (LAT) gene is essential for efficient spontaneous reactivation in the rabbit ocular model of HSV-1 latency and reactivation. LAT is also the only viral gene abundantly expressed during latency. Rabbits were ocularly infected with the wild-type HSV-1 strain McKrae or the McKrae-derived LAT null mutant dLAT2903. Serum neutralizing antibody titers were determined at various times during acute and latent infection. The neutralizing antibody titers induced by both viruses increased and were similar throughout the first 45 days after infection (P > 0.05). However, by day 59 postinfection (approximately 31 to 45 days after latency had been established), the neutralizing antibody titers induced by wild-type virus and dLAT2903 diverged significantly (P = 0.0005). The dLAT2903-induced neutralizing antibody titers decreased, while the wild-type virus-induced neutralizing antibody titers continued to increase. A rescuant of dLAT2903, in which spontaneous reactivation was fully restored, induced wild-type neutralizing antibody levels on day 59 postinfection. A second LAT mutant with impaired spontaneous reactivation had neutralizing antibody levels comparable to those of dLAT2903. In contrast to the results obtained in rabbits, in mice, neutralizing antibody titers did not increase over time during latency with any of the viruses. Since LAT is expressed in both rabbits and mice during latency, the difference in neutralizing antibody titers between these animals is unlikely to be due to expression of a LAT protein during latency. In contrast, LAT-positive (LAT(+)), but not LAT-negative (LAT(-)), viruses undergo efficient spontaneous reactivation in rabbits, while neither LAT(+) nor LAT(-) viruses undergo efficient spontaneous reactivation in mice. Thus, the increase in neutralizing antibody titers in rabbits latently infected with LAT(+) viruses may have been due to continued restimulation of the immune system by spontaneously reactivating virus.  (+info)

Natural killer cells prevent direct anterior-to-posterior spread of herpes simplex virus type 1 in the eye. (4/165)

PURPOSE: Anterior chamber (AC) inoculation of the KOS strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) results in morphologic sparing of the ipsilateral retina, whereas the retina of the uninoculated contralateral eye becomes infected and undergoes acute retinal necrosis. Natural killer (NK) cells are an important component of the primary immune response to most virus infections. The purpose of this study was to determine whether NK cells are involved in preventing early direct anterior-to-posterior spread of HSV-1 after AC inoculation. METHODS: Normal BALB/c mice were inoculated with 4 X 10(4) plaque-forming units (PFU) of the KOS strain of HSV-1 using the AC route. NK activity was measured in the spleen, the superficial cervical and submandibular lymph nodes, and the inoculated eye by lysis of chromium-labeled, NK-sensitive YAC-1 target cells. Histopathologic scoring and immunohistochemical staining for HSV-1 were performed in NK-depleted (injected intravenously with anti-asialo GM1) or mock-depleted (injected intravenously with normal rabbit serum) mice. RESULTS: In mock-depleted mice, NK activity in the spleens, superficial cervical and submandibular lymph nodes, and inoculated eyes peaked at postinoculation (pi) day 5 and declined by pi day 7. Treatment with anti-asialo GM1 eliminated NK activity in the eye and at nonocular sites. The histopathologic scores at pi day 5 indicated more damage to the retinas of NK-depleted mice than to those of mock-depleted mice, and immunohistochemical staining for HSV-1 showed spread of the virus to the sensory retina only in NK-depleted mice. CONCLUSIONS: NK cells were activated within 5 days after AC inoculation of the KOS strain of HSV-1. Activation of NK cells appears to play a role in preventing direct anterior-to-posterior spread of the virus in the inoculated eye which, in turn, protects the retina of this eye and helps to explain why the architecture of the retina of this eye is spared.  (+info)

Efficacy of topical cidofovir on multiple adenoviral serotypes in the New Zealand rabbit ocular model. (5/165)

PURPOSE: The goal of the present study was to determine the efficacy of topical 0.5% cidofovir twice daily for 7 days on the replication of multiple adenovirus (Ad) serotypes of subgroup C (Ad1, Ad5, Ad6) in the New Zealand rabbit ocular model. METHODS: In duplicate experiments for each serotype, a total of 20 rabbits (Ad5) or 16 rabbits each (Ad1 and Ad6) were inoculated topically in both eyes, with 1.5 X 10(6) pfu/eye of the appropriate virus. Twenty-four hours later, the rabbits in each serotype group were randomly divided into two topical treatment groups: I, 0.5% cidofovir; II, control vehicle. Treatment was twice daily for 7 days. All eyes were cultured for virus on days 0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 14. RESULTS: Compared to the control, treatment with 0.5% cidofovir reduced the following: mean Ad titer (days 1 to 7) for Ad1 (6.3 +/- 20 x 10(1) versus 2.5 +/- 3.9 X 102 pfu/ml; P < 0.0003), Ad5 (3.4 +/-5.8 x 102 versus 1.6 +/- 2.0 x 10(3) pfu/ml; P < 0.000001), and Ad6 (1.2 +/- 5.1 x 10(2) versus 5.5 +/-14 x 10(2) pfu/ml; P = 0.015); reduced Ad-positive eyes/total for Adl [45/128 (35%) versus 84/128 (66%); P = 0.000002], Ad5 [84/160 (53%) versus 131/152 (86%); P < 0.000001], and Ad6 [36/128 (28%) versus 82/128 (64%); P < 0.000001]: and reduced the duration of Ad shedding forAdl (4.9 +/-1.9 versus 9.3 +/- 3.3 days; P < 0.00007), Ad5 (6.4 +/- 2.8 versus 11.5 +/- 2.3 days; P < 0.0001), and Ad6 (4.4 +/- 2.1 versus 8.4 +/- 2.5 days; P < 0.00004). CONCLUSIONS: Topical 0.5% cidofovir twice daily for 7 days demonstrated significant antiviral activity against multiple adenoviral serotypes (Ad1, Ad5, and Ad6) in the New Zealand rabbit ocular model. These in vivo data expand in vitro studies indicating the efficacy of cidofovir against different adenovirus serotypes and support its use in clinical trials.  (+info)

Molecular epidemiology of ocular isolates of adenovirus 8 obtained over nine years. (6/165)

Twenty nine strains of adenovirus 8 have been isolated over nine years in Strasbourg, France, 22 of which were from one private ophthalmologist. To assess a possible relation between these strains, the DNA of adenovirus was analysed by restriction fragment length polymorphism using eight different enzymes. Among these, three proved discriminant (Xba I, Bgl II, Eco RI) and made it possible to define 13 genotypes differing from each other by one to three DNA bands. Seven genotypes were unique isolates, while three, representing 16 strains, were isolated over five to eight years. All the genotypes but one were closely related, with 87% homology. All 13 differed from an adenovirus 8 strain from Lyon (homology 68-76%). This study confirmed the stability of adenovirus 8 in a given population.  (+info)

Adenovirus keratitis: a role for interleukin-8. (7/165)

PURPOSE: Adenovirus type 19 (Ad19) infection of the human cornea results in a chronic, multifocal, subepithelial keratitis. Existing evidence suggests that early subepithelial corneal infiltrates are composed of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. In this study, the capacity of Ad19-infected human corneal stromal fibroblasts (HCFs) to produce neutrophil chemotactants (chemokines) was tested. METHODS: HCFs grown from human donor corneas and passaged thrice were infected with a corneal isolate of Ad19 or mock-infected with virus-free media. Bioactivity of the cell supernatants was tested by a neutrophil chemotaxis assay. Supernatants were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the neutrophil chemotactants interleukin-8 (IL-8) and GRO-alpha. Corneal facsimiles were generated with HCFs and collagen type I, infected with Ad19, and assayed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Ad19 infection of HCFs increased neutrophil chemotaxis from a baseline of 0.4+/-0.7 cells/high-powered field (hpf; mock-infected) to 21.8+/-2.3 cells/hpf (Ad19-infected). Chemotaxis was reduced by the addition of neutralizing antibodies against IL-8 and GRO-alpha. Infection of HCFs induced quantities of IL-8 protein 300- and 1000-fold over mock-infected controls at 4 and 24 hours, respectively (33 versus 11,813 pg/mL at 4 hours, and 57 versus 76,376 pg/mL at 24 hours, P< or = 0.001 for both). In contrast, GRO-alpha protein levels were only sevenfold higher at 24 hours postinfection (118 pg/mL in mock-infected controls versus 880 pg/mL in Ad19-infected cell supernatants). Neither chemokine was induced by infection of an immortalized human corneal epithelial cell line. Immunohistochemistry of infected corneal facsimiles demonstrated IL-8 in the extracellular matrix within 3 days after infection. CONCLUSIONS: Production of chemokines in infected tissues facilitates an early innate immune response to infection, and in the infected corneal stroma represents an elementary defense mechanism. Interleukin-8 may play a role in the development of subepithelial infiltrates in adenovirus keratitis.  (+info)

Neuronal pathways for the propagation of herpes simplex virus type 1 from one retina to the other in a murine model. (8/165)

Herpetic retinitis in humans is characterized by a high frequency of bilateral localization. In order to determine the possible mechanisms leading to bilateral retinitis, we studied the pathways by which herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is propagated from one retina to the other after intravitreal injection in mice. HSV-1 strain SC16 (90 p.f.u.) was injected into the vitreous body of the left eye of BALB/c mice. Animals were sacrificed 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days post-inoculation (p.i.). Histological sections were studied by immunochemical staining. Primary retinitis in the inoculated eye (beginning 1 day p.i.) was followed by contralateral retinitis (in the uninoculated eye) starting at 3 days p.i. Infected neurons of central visual pathway nuclei (lateral geniculate nuclei, suprachiasmatic nuclei and pretectal areas) were detected at 4 days p.i. Iris and ciliary body infection was minimal early on, but became extensive thereafter and was accompanied by the infection of connected sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways. The pattern of virus propagation over time suggests that the onset of contralateral retinitis was mediated by local (non-synaptic) transfer in the optic chiasm from infected to uninfected axons of the optic nerves. Later, retinopetal transneuronal propagation of the virus from visual pathways may have contributed to increase the severity of contralateral retinitis.  (+info)

Eye infections, also known as ocular infections, are conditions characterized by the invasion and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms in any part of the eye or its surrounding structures. These infections can affect various parts of the eye, including the conjunctiva (conjunctivitis), cornea (keratitis), eyelid (blepharitis), or the internal structures of the eye (endophthalmitis, uveitis). The symptoms may include redness, pain, discharge, itching, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light. The cause can be bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic, and the treatment typically involves antibiotics, antivirals, or antifungals, depending on the underlying cause.

Bacterial eye infections, also known as bacterial conjunctivitis or bacterial keratitis, are caused by the invasion of bacteria into the eye. The most common types of bacteria that cause these infections include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae.

Bacterial conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. Symptoms include redness, swelling, pain, discharge, and a gritty feeling in the eye. Bacterial keratitis is an infection of the cornea, the clear front part of the eye. Symptoms include severe pain, sensitivity to light, tearing, and decreased vision.

Bacterial eye infections are typically treated with antibiotic eye drops or ointments. It is important to seek medical attention promptly if you suspect a bacterial eye infection, as untreated infections can lead to serious complications such as corneal ulcers and vision loss. Preventive measures include good hygiene practices, such as washing your hands frequently and avoiding touching or rubbing your eyes.

Inclusion conjunctivitis is a type of bacterial conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva) that is caused by specific types of bacteria, most commonly Chlamydia trachomatis. It is also known as trachoma, which is a leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide. The infection leads to the formation of small, inclusion-containing intracytoplasmic inclusions in the conjunctival epithelial cells, hence the name "inclusion conjunctivitis."

The symptoms of inclusion conjunctivitis include redness, irritation, and discharge from the eyes. It can also cause swelling of the lymph nodes near the ears. In severe cases, it can lead to scarring and damage to the cornea, potentially resulting in vision loss. The infection is typically spread through direct contact with eye or nose discharge from an infected person, and it can also be sexually transmitted.

Treatment for inclusion conjunctivitis usually involves antibiotics, such as azithromycin or doxycycline, to eliminate the bacteria causing the infection. It is important to complete the full course of treatment to ensure that the infection is fully cleared and to prevent recurrence. In addition, good hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing and avoiding sharing personal items like towels and washcloths, can help prevent the spread of the infection.

"Hemolysin factors" is not a standard medical term, and it seems there might be some confusion in the question. However, I can provide information on hemolysins, which are substances that cause lysis (rupture) of red blood cells, resulting in the release of their contents into the surrounding fluid.

Hemolysins can be produced by various sources, such as:

1. Bacterial hemolysins: Some bacteria produce hemolysins as a virulence factor to aid in infecting the host. These hemolysins can be classified into two main types: exotoxins (secreted by the bacterium) and endotoxins (integral components of the bacterial cell membrane). Examples include streptolysin O and streptolysin S from Streptococcus pyogenes, hemolysin from Escherichia coli, and α-toxin from Staphylococcus aureus.
2. Complement system: The complement system is a part of the immune response that can cause hemolysis through the membrane attack complex (MAC). This complex forms pores in the red blood cell membrane, leading to lysis.
3. Autoimmune disorders: In some autoimmune diseases, such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia, the body produces antibodies against its own red blood cells, causing complement-mediated hemolysis.
4. Medicines and chemicals: Certain medications or chemicals can cause hemolysis as a side effect. These include some antibiotics (e.g., cephalosporins), chemotherapeutic agents, and snake venoms.

If you meant to ask about something else related to "hemolysin factors," please provide more context so I can give a more accurate answer.

Keratoconjunctivitis is a medical term that refers to the inflammation of both the cornea (the clear, outer layer at the front of the eye) and the conjunctiva (the mucous membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids and the white part of the eye).

The condition can cause symptoms such as redness, pain, sensitivity to light, watery eyes, and a gritty or burning sensation in the eyes. Keratoconjunctivitis can be caused by various factors, including viral or bacterial infections, allergies, or environmental irritants like dust, smoke, or chemical fumes.

Treatment for keratoconjunctivitis depends on the underlying cause of the condition and may include medications such as antibiotics, antivirals, or anti-inflammatory agents to reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms. In some cases, artificial tears or lubricants may also be recommended to help keep the eyes moist and comfortable.

Bacterial conjunctivitis is a type of conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva) that is caused by bacterial infection. The most common bacteria responsible for this condition are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae.

The symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis include redness, swelling, and pain in the eye, along with a thick, sticky discharge that can cause the eyelids to stick together, especially upon waking up. Other symptoms may include tearing, itching, and sensitivity to light. Bacterial conjunctivitis is highly contagious and can spread easily through contact with infected individuals or contaminated objects such as towels, handkerchiefs, or makeup.

Treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis typically involves the use of antibiotic eye drops or ointments to eliminate the infection. In some cases, oral antibiotics may also be prescribed. It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect that you have bacterial conjunctivitis, as untreated infections can lead to serious complications such as corneal ulcers and vision loss.

The eye is the organ of sight, primarily responsible for detecting and focusing on visual stimuli. It is a complex structure composed of various parts that work together to enable vision. Here are some of the main components of the eye:

1. Cornea: The clear front part of the eye that refracts light entering the eye and protects the eye from harmful particles and microorganisms.
2. Iris: The colored part of the eye that controls the amount of light reaching the retina by adjusting the size of the pupil.
3. Pupil: The opening in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye.
4. Lens: A biconvex structure located behind the iris that further refracts light and focuses it onto the retina.
5. Retina: A layer of light-sensitive cells (rods and cones) at the back of the eye that convert light into electrical signals, which are then transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve.
6. Optic Nerve: The nerve that carries visual information from the retina to the brain.
7. Vitreous: A clear, gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina, providing structural support to the eye.
8. Conjunctiva: A thin, transparent membrane that covers the front of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids.
9. Extraocular Muscles: Six muscles that control the movement of the eye, allowing for proper alignment and focus.

The eye is a remarkable organ that allows us to perceive and interact with our surroundings. Various medical specialties, such as ophthalmology and optometry, are dedicated to the diagnosis, treatment, and management of various eye conditions and diseases.

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, a thin, clear membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids and the outer surface of the eye. The condition can cause redness, itching, burning, tearing, discomfort, and a gritty feeling in the eyes. It can also result in a discharge that can be clear, yellow, or greenish.

Conjunctivitis can have various causes, including bacterial or viral infections, allergies, irritants (such as smoke, chlorine, or contact lens solutions), and underlying medical conditions (like dry eye or autoimmune disorders). Treatment depends on the cause of the condition but may include antibiotics, antihistamines, anti-inflammatory medications, or warm compresses.

It is essential to maintain good hygiene practices, like washing hands frequently and avoiding touching or rubbing the eyes, to prevent spreading conjunctivitis to others. If you suspect you have conjunctivitis, it's recommended that you consult an eye care professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.

Keratitis is a medical condition that refers to inflammation of the cornea, which is the clear, dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye. The cornea plays an essential role in focusing vision, and any damage or infection can cause significant visual impairment. Keratitis can result from various causes, including bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections, as well as trauma, allergies, or underlying medical conditions such as dry eye syndrome. Symptoms of keratitis may include redness, pain, tearing, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, and a feeling of something foreign in the eye. Treatment for keratitis depends on the underlying cause but typically includes antibiotics, antivirals, or anti-fungal medications, as well as measures to alleviate symptoms and promote healing.

Parasitic eye infections are conditions characterized by the invasion and infestation of the eye or its surrounding structures by parasites. These can be protozoans, helminths, or ectoparasites. Examples of such infections include Acanthamoeba keratitis, which is caused by a free-living amoeba found in water and soil; Toxoplasmosis, which is caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii; Loiasis, which is caused by the parasitic filarial worm Loa loa; and Demodicosis, which is caused by the mite Demodex folliculorum. Symptoms can vary depending on the type of parasite but often include redness, pain, discharge, and vision changes. Treatment typically involves antiparasitic medications and sometimes surgery to remove the parasites or damaged tissue. Prevention measures include good hygiene practices and avoiding contact with contaminated water or soil.

Dendritic keratitis is a specific form of keratitis, which is inflammation of the cornea. The term "dendritic" refers to the characteristic appearance of the lesion on the cornea, which resembles a branching tree or a dendrite.

Dendritic keratitis is most commonly caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, although other infectious and non-infectious etiologies can also produce similar lesions. The condition is characterized by the presence of a branching, dendrite-like ulcer on the corneal epithelium, often accompanied by symptoms such as eye pain, redness, photophobia (sensitivity to light), and tearing.

Treatment for dendritic keratitis typically involves antiviral medications to manage the underlying HSV-1 infection, as well as measures to promote corneal healing and reduce discomfort. It is essential to seek prompt medical attention if you suspect dendritic keratitis, as untreated or improperly managed cases can lead to serious complications, including corneal scarring, vision loss, and potential blindness.

Viral eye infections are caused by viruses that invade different parts of the eye, leading to inflammation and irritation. Some common types of viral eye infections include conjunctivitis (pink eye), keratitis, and dendritic ulcers. These infections can cause symptoms such as redness, watering, soreness, sensitivity to light, and discharge. In some cases, viral eye infections can also lead to complications like corneal scarring and vision loss if left untreated. They are often highly contagious and can spread through contact with contaminated surfaces or respiratory droplets. Antiviral medications may be used to treat certain types of viral eye infections, but in many cases, the infection will resolve on its own over time. Preventive measures such as good hygiene and avoiding touching the eyes can help reduce the risk of viral eye infections.

'Chlamydia trachomatis' is a species of bacterium that is the causative agent of several infectious diseases in humans. It is an obligate intracellular pathogen, meaning it can only survive and reproduce inside host cells. The bacteria are transmitted through sexual contact, and can cause a range of genital tract infections, including urethritis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and epididymitis. In women, chlamydial infection can also lead to serious complications such as ectopic pregnancy and infertility.

In addition to genital infections, 'Chlamydia trachomatis' is also responsible for two other diseases: trachoma and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). Trachoma is a leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide, affecting mostly children in developing countries. It is spread through contact with contaminated hands, clothing, or eye secretions. LGV is a sexually transmitted infection that can cause inflammation of the lymph nodes, rectum, and genitals.

'Chlamydia trachomatis' infections are often asymptomatic, making them difficult to diagnose and treat. However, they can be detected through laboratory tests such as nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) or culture. Treatment typically involves antibiotics such as azithromycin or doxycycline. Prevention measures include safe sex practices, regular screening for STIs, and good hygiene.

Ribotyping is a molecular technique used in microbiology to identify and differentiate bacterial strains based on their specific PCR-amplified ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. This method involves the use of specific DNA probes or primers to target conserved regions of the rRNA operon, followed by hybridization or sequencing to analyze the resulting patterns. These patterns, known as "ribotypes," are unique to different bacterial species and strains, making ribotyping a valuable tool in epidemiological studies, outbreak investigations, and taxonomic classification of bacteria.

Fungal eye infections, also known as fungal keratitis or ocular fungal infections, are caused by the invasion of fungi into the eye. The most common types of fungi that cause these infections include Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Candida. These infections can affect any part of the eye, including the cornea, conjunctiva, sclera, and vitreous humor.

Fungal eye infections often present with symptoms such as redness, pain, sensitivity to light, tearing, blurred vision, and discharge. In severe cases, they can lead to corneal ulcers, perforation of the eye, and even blindness if left untreated. Risk factors for fungal eye infections include trauma to the eye, contact lens wear, immunosuppression, and pre-existing eye conditions such as dry eye or previous eye surgery.

Diagnosis of fungal eye infections typically involves a thorough eye examination, including visual acuity testing, slit lamp examination, and sometimes corneal scrapings for microbiological culture and sensitivity testing. Treatment usually involves topical antifungal medications, such as natamycin or amphotericin B, and in some cases may require oral or intravenous antifungal therapy. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove infected tissue or repair any damage caused by the infection.

Eye diseases are a range of conditions that affect the eye or visual system, causing damage to vision and, in some cases, leading to blindness. These diseases can be categorized into various types, including:

1. Refractive errors: These include myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), astigmatism, and presbyopia, which affect the way light is focused on the retina and can usually be corrected with glasses or contact lenses.
2. Cataracts: A clouding of the lens inside the eye that leads to blurry vision, glare, and decreased contrast sensitivity. Cataract surgery is the most common treatment for this condition.
3. Glaucoma: A group of diseases characterized by increased pressure in the eye, leading to damage to the optic nerve and potential blindness if left untreated. Treatment includes medications, laser therapy, or surgery.
4. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): A progressive condition that affects the central part of the retina called the macula, causing blurry vision and, in advanced stages, loss of central vision. Treatment may include anti-VEGF injections, laser therapy, or nutritional supplements.
5. Diabetic retinopathy: A complication of diabetes that affects the blood vessels in the retina, leading to bleeding, leakage, and potential blindness if left untreated. Treatment includes laser therapy, anti-VEGF injections, or surgery.
6. Retinal detachment: A separation of the retina from its underlying tissue, which can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly with surgery.
7. Amblyopia (lazy eye): A condition where one eye does not develop normal vision, often due to a misalignment or refractive error in childhood. Treatment includes correcting the underlying problem and encouraging the use of the weaker eye through patching or other methods.
8. Strabismus (crossed eyes): A misalignment of the eyes that can lead to amblyopia if not treated promptly with surgery, glasses, or other methods.
9. Corneal diseases: Conditions that affect the transparent outer layer of the eye, such as keratoconus, Fuchs' dystrophy, and infectious keratitis, which can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly.
10. Uveitis: Inflammation of the middle layer of the eye, which can cause vision loss if not treated promptly with anti-inflammatory medications or surgery.

Eye movements, also known as ocular motility, refer to the voluntary or involuntary motion of the eyes that allows for visual exploration of our environment. There are several types of eye movements, including:

1. Saccades: rapid, ballistic movements that quickly shift the gaze from one point to another.
2. Pursuits: smooth, slow movements that allow the eyes to follow a moving object.
3. Vergences: coordinated movements of both eyes in opposite directions, usually in response to a three-dimensional stimulus.
4. Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR): automatic eye movements that help stabilize the gaze during head movement.
5. Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN): rhythmic eye movements that occur in response to large moving visual patterns, such as when looking out of a moving vehicle.

Abnormalities in eye movements can indicate neurological or ophthalmological disorders and are often assessed during clinical examinations.

Eye injuries refer to any damage or trauma caused to the eye or its surrounding structures. These injuries can vary in severity and may include:

1. Corneal abrasions: A scratch or scrape on the clear surface of the eye (cornea).
2. Chemical burns: Occurs when chemicals come into contact with the eye, causing damage to the cornea and other structures.
3. Eyelid lacerations: Cuts or tears to the eyelid.
4. Subconjunctival hemorrhage: Bleeding under the conjunctiva, the clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye.
5. Hyphema: Accumulation of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye, which is the space between the cornea and iris.
6. Orbital fractures: Breaks in the bones surrounding the eye.
7. Retinal detachment: Separation of the retina from its underlying tissue, which can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly.
8. Traumatic uveitis: Inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye, caused by trauma.
9. Optic nerve damage: Damage to the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain.

Eye injuries can result from a variety of causes, including accidents, sports-related injuries, violence, and chemical exposure. It is important to seek medical attention promptly for any suspected eye injury to prevent further damage and potential vision loss.

Dry eye syndrome, also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, is a condition characterized by insufficient lubrication and moisture of the eyes. This occurs when the tears produced by the eyes are not sufficient in quantity or quality to keep the eyes moist and comfortable. The medical definition of dry eye syndromes includes the following symptoms:

1. A gritty or sandy sensation in the eyes
2. Burning or stinging sensations
3. Redness and irritation
4. Blurred vision that improves with blinking
5. Light sensitivity
6. A feeling of something foreign in the eye
7. Stringy mucus in or around the eyes
8. Difficulty wearing contact lenses
9. Watery eyes, which may seem contradictory but can be a response to dryness
10. Eye fatigue and discomfort after prolonged screen time or reading

The causes of dry eye syndromes can include aging, hormonal changes, certain medical conditions (such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, Sjogren's syndrome), medications (antihistamines, decongestants, antidepressants, birth control pills), environmental factors (dry air, wind, smoke, dust), and prolonged screen time or reading.

Treatment for dry eye syndromes depends on the severity of the condition and its underlying causes. It may include artificial tears, lifestyle changes, prescription medications, and in some cases, surgical procedures to improve tear production or drainage.

Eye abnormalities refer to any structural or functional anomalies that affect the eye or its surrounding tissues. These abnormalities can be present at birth (congenital) or acquired later in life due to various factors such as injury, disease, or aging. Some examples of eye abnormalities include:

1. Strabismus: Also known as crossed eyes, strabismus is a condition where the eyes are misaligned and point in different directions.
2. Nystagmus: This is an involuntary movement of the eyes that can be horizontal, vertical, or rotatory.
3. Cataracts: A cataract is a clouding of the lens inside the eye that can cause vision loss.
4. Glaucoma: This is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve and can lead to vision loss.
5. Retinal disorders: These include conditions such as retinal detachment, macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy.
6. Corneal abnormalities: These include conditions such as keratoconus, corneal ulcers, and Fuchs' dystrophy.
7. Orbital abnormalities: These include conditions such as orbital tumors, thyroid eye disease, and Graves' ophthalmopathy.
8. Ptosis: This is a condition where the upper eyelid droops over the eye.
9. Color blindness: A condition where a person has difficulty distinguishing between certain colors.
10. Microphthalmia: A condition where one or both eyes are abnormally small.

These are just a few examples of eye abnormalities, and there are many others that can affect the eye and its functioning. If you suspect that you have an eye abnormality, it is important to consult with an ophthalmologist for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Eye burns typically refer to injuries or damage to the eyes caused by exposure to harmful substances, extreme temperatures, or radiation. This can result in a variety of symptoms, including redness, pain, tearing, swelling, and blurred vision.

Chemical eye burns can occur when the eyes come into contact with strong acids, alkalis, or other irritants. These substances can cause damage to the cornea, conjunctiva, and other structures of the eye. The severity of the burn will depend on the type and concentration of the chemical, as well as the length of time it was in contact with the eye.

Thermal eye burns can result from exposure to hot or cold temperatures, such as steam, flames, or extreme cold. These types of burns can cause damage to the surface of the eye and may require medical attention to prevent further complications.

Radiation eye burns can occur after exposure to high levels of ultraviolet (UV) light, such as from welding torches, sun lamps, or tanning beds. Prolonged exposure to these sources can cause damage to the cornea and other structures of the eye, leading to symptoms like pain, redness, and sensitivity to light.

If you experience symptoms of an eye burn, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible. Treatment may include flushing the eyes with water or saline solution, administering medication to relieve pain and inflammation, or in severe cases, surgery to repair damaged tissue.

Eye enucleation is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the entire eyeball, leaving the eye muscles, eyelids, and orbital structures intact. This procedure is typically performed to treat severe eye conditions or injuries, such as uncontrollable pain, blindness, cancer, or trauma. After the eyeball is removed, an implant may be placed in the socket to help maintain its shape and appearance. The optic nerve and other surrounding tissues are cut during the enucleation procedure, which means that vision cannot be restored in the affected eye. However, the remaining eye structures can still function normally, allowing for regular blinking, tear production, and eyelid movement.

Eye color is a characteristic determined by variations in a person's genes. The color of the eyes depends on the amount and type of pigment called melanin found in the eye's iris.

There are three main types of eye colors: brown, blue, and green. Brown eyes have the most melanin, while blue eyes have the least. Green eyes have a moderate amount of melanin combined with a golden tint that reflects light to give them their unique color.

Eye color is a polygenic trait, which means it is influenced by multiple genes. The two main genes responsible for eye color are OCA2 and HERC2, both located on chromosome 15. These genes control the production, transport, and storage of melanin in the iris.

It's important to note that eye color can change during infancy and early childhood due to the development of melanin in the iris. Additionally, some medications or medical conditions may also cause changes in eye color over time.

An Eye Bank is an organization that collects, stores, and distributes donated human eyes for corneal transplantation and other ocular medical research purposes. The eye bank's primary function is to ensure the quality of the donated tissue and make it available for those in need of sight-restoring procedures.

The cornea, the clear front part of the eye, can be surgically transplanted from a deceased donor to a recipient with corneal damage or disease, thereby improving or restoring their vision. The eye bank's role includes obtaining consent for donation, retrieving the eyes from the donor, evaluating the tissue for suitability, preserving it properly, and then allocating it to surgeons for transplantation.

Eye banks follow strict medical guidelines and adhere to ethical standards to ensure the safety and quality of the donated tissues. The process involves screening potential donors for infectious diseases and other conditions that may affect the quality or safety of the cornea. Once deemed suitable, the corneas are carefully removed, preserved in specific solutions, and stored until they are needed for transplantation.

In addition to corneal transplants, eye banks also support research and education in ophthalmology by providing human eye tissues for various studies aimed at advancing our understanding of eye diseases and developing new treatments.

Visual acuity is a measure of the sharpness or clarity of vision. It is usually tested by reading an eye chart from a specific distance, such as 20 feet (6 meters). The standard eye chart used for this purpose is called the Snellen chart, which contains rows of letters that decrease in size as you read down the chart.

Visual acuity is typically expressed as a fraction, with the numerator representing the testing distance and the denominator indicating the smallest line of type that can be read clearly. For example, if a person can read the line on the eye chart that corresponds to a visual acuity of 20/20, it means they have normal vision at 20 feet. If their visual acuity is 20/40, it means they must be as close as 20 feet to see what someone with normal vision can see at 40 feet.

It's important to note that visual acuity is just one aspect of overall vision and does not necessarily reflect other important factors such as peripheral vision, depth perception, color vision, or contrast sensitivity.

Eye neoplasms, also known as ocular tumors or eye cancer, refer to abnormal growths of tissue in the eye. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Eye neoplasms can develop in various parts of the eye, including the eyelid, conjunctiva, cornea, iris, ciliary body, choroid, retina, and optic nerve.

Benign eye neoplasms are typically slow-growing and do not spread to other parts of the body. They may cause symptoms such as vision changes, eye pain, or a noticeable mass in the eye. Treatment options for benign eye neoplasms include monitoring, surgical removal, or radiation therapy.

Malignant eye neoplasms, on the other hand, can grow and spread rapidly to other parts of the body. They may cause symptoms such as vision changes, eye pain, floaters, or flashes of light. Treatment options for malignant eye neoplasms depend on the type and stage of cancer but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these treatments.

It is important to note that early detection and treatment of eye neoplasms can improve outcomes and prevent complications. Regular eye exams with an ophthalmologist are recommended for early detection and prevention of eye diseases, including eye neoplasms.

"Ocular physiological phenomena" is not a standardized medical term with a specific definition. However, I can provide some examples of ocular physiological phenomena, which refer to various normal functions and processes that occur in the eye. Here are a few examples:

1. Accommodation: The ability of the eye to change optical power to maintain a clear image or focus on an object as its distance varies. This is primarily achieved by changing the curvature of the lens through the action of the ciliary muscles.
2. Pupillary reflex: The automatic adjustment of the pupil's size in response to changes in light intensity. In bright light, the pupil constricts (miosis), while in dim light, it dilates (mydriasis). This reflex helps regulate the amount of light that enters the eye.
3. Tear production: The continuous secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands to keep the eyes moist and protected from dust, microorganisms, and other foreign particles.
4. Extraocular muscle function: The coordinated movement of the six extraocular muscles that control eyeball rotation and enable various gaze directions.
5. Color vision: The ability to perceive and distinguish different colors based on the sensitivity of photoreceptor cells (cones) in the retina to specific wavelengths of light.
6. Dark adaptation: The process by which the eyes adjust to low-light conditions, improving visual sensitivity primarily through changes in the rod photoreceptors' sensitivity and pupil dilation.
7. Light adaptation: The ability of the eye to adjust to different levels of illumination, mainly through alterations in pupil size and photoreceptor cell response.

These are just a few examples of ocular physiological phenomena. There are many more processes and functions that occur within the eye, contributing to our visual perception and overall eye health.

A compound eye is a characteristic type of eye found in arthropods, including insects, crustaceans, and some extinct fossil groups. Each eye is composed of numerous individual photoreceptor units called ommatidia, which function together to provide a wide field of vision and excellent motion detection capabilities.

In an arthropod compound eye, each ommatidium contains a group of visual cells (called retinula cells) surrounding a central rhabdomere, which is the light-sensitive structure that converts light into electrical signals. The number of ommatidia in a compound eye can vary greatly between species and even within different regions of an individual's eye, ranging from just a few to tens of thousands.

Compound eyes offer several advantages for arthropods:

1. Wide Field of Vision: Compound eyes provide a panoramic view of the environment, allowing arthropods to detect predators, prey, or mates from various directions simultaneously.
2. Motion Detection: The apposition-type compound eye (one type of compound eye structure) is particularly adept at detecting motion due to the neural processing of signals between adjacent ommatidia. This allows arthropods to respond quickly to potential threats or opportunities.
3. Light Adaptation: Compound eyes can adapt to different light conditions, allowing arthropods to function effectively in both bright daylight and dimly lit environments. Some species have specialized regions within their compound eyes that are optimized for specific light conditions, such as the dorsal rim area in insects, which is sensitive to polarized skylight.
4. UV Sensitivity: Many arthropods can detect ultraviolet (UV) light due to the presence of photopigments within their ommatidia that absorb UV wavelengths. This ability allows them to perceive patterns and cues in their environment that are invisible to humans, such as floral guides in bees or mate-recognition signals in certain insects.

Despite their limitations in terms of resolution and image quality compared to vertebrate eyes, compound eyes have evolved to serve the unique needs and ecological roles of arthropods effectively.

Eye protective devices are specialized equipment designed to protect the eyes from various hazards and injuries. They include items such as safety glasses, goggles, face shields, welding helmets, and full-face respirators. These devices are engineered to provide a barrier between the eyes and potential dangers like chemical splashes, impact particles, radiation, and other environmental hazards.

Safety glasses are designed to protect against flying debris, dust, and other airborne particles. They typically have side shields to prevent objects from entering the eye from the sides. Goggles offer a higher level of protection than safety glasses as they form a protective seal around the eyes, preventing liquids and fine particles from reaching the eyes.

Face shields and welding helmets are used in industrial settings to protect against radiation, sparks, and molten metal during welding or cutting operations. Full-face respirators are used in environments with harmful airborne particles or gases, providing protection for both the eyes and the respiratory system.

It is essential to choose the appropriate eye protective device based on the specific hazard present to ensure adequate protection.

The retina is the innermost, light-sensitive layer of tissue in the eye of many vertebrates and some cephalopods. It receives light that has been focused by the cornea and lens, converts it into neural signals, and sends these to the brain via the optic nerve. The retina contains several types of photoreceptor cells including rods (which handle vision in low light) and cones (which are active in bright light and are capable of color vision).

In medical terms, any pathological changes or diseases affecting the retinal structure and function can lead to visual impairment or blindness. Examples include age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, and retinitis pigmentosa among others.

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the fluid pressure within the eye, specifically within the anterior chamber, which is the space between the cornea and the iris. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). The aqueous humor, a clear fluid that fills the anterior chamber, is constantly produced and drained, maintaining a balance that determines the IOP. Normal IOP ranges from 10-21 mmHg, with average values around 15-16 mmHg. Elevated IOP is a key risk factor for glaucoma, a group of eye conditions that can lead to optic nerve damage and vision loss if not treated promptly and effectively. Regular monitoring of IOP is essential in diagnosing and managing glaucoma and other ocular health issues.

Penetrating eye injuries are a type of ocular trauma where a foreign object or substance pierces the outer layers of the eye and damages the internal structures. This can result in serious harm to various parts of the eye, such as the cornea, iris, lens, or retina, and may potentially cause vision loss or blindness if not promptly treated.

The severity of a penetrating eye injury depends on several factors, including the type and size of the object that caused the injury, the location of the wound, and the extent of damage to the internal structures. Common causes of penetrating eye injuries include sharp objects, such as metal shards or glass fragments, projectiles, such as pellets or bullets, and explosive materials.

Symptoms of a penetrating eye injury may include pain, redness, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, floaters, or the presence of a foreign body in the eye. If you suspect that you have sustained a penetrating eye injury, it is essential to seek immediate medical attention from an ophthalmologist or other healthcare professional with experience in treating eye trauma.

Treatment for penetrating eye injuries may include removing any foreign objects or substances from the eye, repairing damaged tissues, and administering medications to prevent infection and reduce inflammation. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair the injury and restore vision. Preventing eye injuries is crucial, and appropriate protective eyewear should be worn when engaging in activities that pose a risk of eye trauma.

Ophthalmic solutions are sterile, single-use or multi-dose preparations in a liquid form that are intended for topical administration to the eye. These solutions can contain various types of medications, such as antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents, antihistamines, or lubricants, which are used to treat or prevent ocular diseases and conditions.

The pH and osmolarity of ophthalmic solutions are carefully controlled to match the physiological environment of the eye and minimize any potential discomfort or irritation. The solutions may be packaged in various forms, including drops, sprays, or irrigations, depending on the intended use and administration route.

It is important to follow the instructions for use provided by a healthcare professional when administering ophthalmic solutions, as improper use can lead to eye injury or reduced effectiveness of the medication.

Foreign bodies in the eye refer to any object or particle that is not normally present in the eye and becomes lodged in it. These foreign bodies can range from small particles like sand or dust to larger objects such as metal shavings or glass. They can cause irritation, pain, redness, watering, and even vision loss if they are not removed promptly and properly.

The symptoms of an eye foreign body may include:

* A feeling that something is in the eye
* Pain or discomfort in the eye
* Redness or inflammation of the eye
* Watering or tearing of the eye
* Sensitivity to light
* Blurred vision or difficulty seeing

If you suspect that you have a foreign body in your eye, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. An eye care professional can examine your eye and determine the best course of treatment to remove the foreign body and prevent any further damage to your eye.

Eye movement measurements, also known as oculometry, refer to the measurement and analysis of eye movements. This can include assessing the direction, speed, range, and patterns of eye movement. These measurements are often used in research and clinical settings to understand various aspects of vision, perception, and cognition. They can be used to diagnose and monitor conditions that affect eye movement, such as strabismus (crossed eyes), amblyopia (lazy eye), or neurological disorders. Additionally, eye movement measurements are also used in areas such as human-computer interaction, marketing research, and virtual reality to understand how individuals interact with their environment.

Ocular fixation is a term used in ophthalmology and optometry to refer to the ability of the eyes to maintain steady gaze or visual focus on an object. It involves the coordinated movement of the extraocular muscles that control eye movements, allowing for clear and stable vision.

In medical terminology, fixation specifically refers to the state in which the eyes are aligned and focused on a single point in space. This is important for maintaining visual perception and preventing blurring or double vision. Ocular fixation can be affected by various factors such as muscle weakness, nerve damage, or visual processing disorders.

Assessment of ocular fixation is often used in eye examinations to evaluate visual acuity, eye alignment, and muscle function. Abnormalities in fixation may indicate the presence of underlying eye conditions or developmental delays that require further investigation and treatment.

The posterior segment of the eye refers to the back portion of the interior of the eye, including the vitreous, retina, choroid, and optic nerve. This region is responsible for processing visual information and transmitting it to the brain. The retina contains photoreceptor cells that convert light into electrical signals, which are then sent through the optic nerve to the brain for interpretation as images. Disorders of the posterior eye segment can lead to vision loss or blindness.

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often caused by an abnormally high pressure in the eye (intraocular pressure). This damage can lead to permanent vision loss or even blindness if left untreated. The most common type is open-angle glaucoma, which has no warning signs and progresses slowly. Angle-closure glaucoma, on the other hand, can cause sudden eye pain, redness, nausea, and vomiting, as well as rapid vision loss. Other less common types of glaucoma also exist. While there is no cure for glaucoma, early detection and treatment can help slow or prevent further vision loss.

The vitreous body, also known simply as the vitreous, is the clear, gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina in the eye. It is composed mainly of water, but also contains collagen fibers, hyaluronic acid, and other proteins. The vitreous helps to maintain the shape of the eye and provides a transparent medium for light to pass through to reach the retina. With age, the vitreous can become more liquefied and may eventually separate from the retina, leading to symptoms such as floaters or flashes of light.

The sclera is the tough, white, fibrous outer coating of the eye in humans and other vertebrates, covering about five sixths of the eyeball's surface. It provides protection for the delicate inner structures of the eye and maintains its shape. The sclera is composed mainly of collagen and elastic fiber, making it strong and resilient. Its name comes from the Greek word "skleros," which means hard.

Axial length, in the context of the eye, refers to the measurement of the distance between the front and back portions of the eye, specifically from the cornea (the clear front "window" of the eye) to the retina (the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye). This measurement is typically expressed in millimeters (mm).

The axial length of the eye is an important factor in determining the overall refractive power of the eye and can play a role in the development of various eye conditions, such as myopia (nearsightedness) or hyperopia (farsightedness). Changes in axial length, particularly elongation, are often associated with an increased risk of developing myopia. Regular monitoring of axial length can help eye care professionals track changes in the eye and manage these conditions more effectively.

The anterior chamber is the front portion of the eye, located between the cornea (the clear front "window" of the eye) and the iris (the colored part of the eye). It is filled with a clear fluid called aqueous humor that provides nutrients to the structures inside the eye and helps maintain its shape. The anterior chamber plays an important role in maintaining the overall health and function of the eye.

Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is a common refractive error of the eye. It occurs when the eye is either too long or the cornea (the clear front part of the eye) is too curved. As a result, light rays focus in front of the retina instead of directly on it, causing distant objects to appear blurry while close objects remain clear.

Myopia typically develops during childhood and can progress gradually or rapidly until early adulthood. It can be corrected with glasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery such as LASIK. Regular eye examinations are essential for people with myopia to monitor any changes in their prescription and ensure proper correction.

While myopia is generally not a serious condition, high levels of nearsightedness can increase the risk of certain eye diseases, including cataracts, glaucoma, retinal detachment, and myopic degeneration. Therefore, it's crucial to manage myopia effectively and maintain regular follow-ups with an eye care professional.

Aqueous humor is a clear, watery fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. It is produced by the ciliary processes in the posterior chamber and circulates through the pupil into the anterior chamber, where it provides nutrients to the cornea and lens, maintains intraocular pressure, and helps to shape the eye. The aqueous humor then drains out of the eye through the trabecular meshwork and into the canal of Schlemm, eventually reaching the venous system.

In medical terms, the iris refers to the colored portion of the eye that surrounds the pupil. It is a circular structure composed of thin, contractile muscle fibers (radial and circumferential) arranged in a regular pattern. These muscles are controlled by the autonomic nervous system and can adjust the size of the pupil in response to changes in light intensity or emotional arousal. By constricting or dilating the iris, the amount of light entering the eye can be regulated, which helps maintain optimal visual acuity under various lighting conditions.

The color of the iris is determined by the concentration and distribution of melanin pigments within the iris stroma. The iris also contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue that support its structure and function. Anatomically, the iris is continuous with the ciliary body and the choroid, forming part of the uveal tract in the eye.

The ciliary body is a part of the eye's internal structure that is located between the choroid and the iris. It is composed of muscle tissue and is responsible for adjusting the shape of the lens through a process called accommodation, which allows the eye to focus on objects at varying distances. Additionally, the ciliary body produces aqueous humor, the clear fluid that fills the anterior chamber of the eye and helps to nourish the eye's internal structures. The ciliary body is also responsible for maintaining the shape and position of the lens within the eye.

In medical terms, "tears" are a clear, salty liquid that is produced by the tear glands (lacrimal glands) in our eyes. They serve to keep the eyes moist, protect against dust and other foreign particles, and help to provide clear vision by maintaining a smooth surface on the front of the eye. Tears consist of water, oil, and mucus, which help to prevent evaporation and ensure that the tears spread evenly across the surface of the eye. Emotional or reflexive responses, such as crying or yawning, can also stimulate the production of tears.

The crystalline lens is a biconvex transparent structure in the eye that helps to refract (bend) light rays and focus them onto the retina. It is located behind the iris and pupil and is suspended by small fibers called zonules that connect it to the ciliary body. The lens can change its shape to accommodate and focus on objects at different distances, a process known as accommodation. With age, the lens may become cloudy or opaque, leading to cataracts.

Visual fields refer to the total area in which objects can be seen while keeping the eyes focused on a central point. It is the entire area that can be observed using peripheral (side) vision while the eye gazes at a fixed point. A visual field test is used to detect blind spots or gaps (scotomas) in a person's vision, which could indicate various medical conditions such as glaucoma, retinal damage, optic nerve disease, brain tumors, or strokes. The test measures both the central and peripheral vision and maps the entire area that can be seen when focusing on a single point.

In the context of medical terminology, I believe you may be referring to "pursuit" as it relates to neurological tests. A smooth pursuit is a type of eye movement in which the eyes smoothly and slowly follow a moving object. It requires coordination between the extraocular muscles, vestibular system, and visual system. If there are issues with any of these systems, smooth pursuit can be affected, leading to abnormalities such as jerky or saccadic movements.

Therefore, "smooth pursuit" is a medical term used to describe the normal, coordinated movement of the eyes that allows for the tracking of moving objects in a smooth and continuous manner.

"Kibong'oto Hospital builds modern viral infections lab". Retrieved August 3, 2020. "East Africa: Kibong Oto Hospital Eyes ... In 2020 the hospital began construction of a viral infections laboratory that is expected to have a substantial impact on the ...
MD, Timothy Root (2007-12-13). "Chapter 5: Eye infections - TimRoot.com". TimRoot.com. Retrieved 2018-10-21. This article ... The preauricular nodes glands will present with marked swelling in viral conjunctivitis. ... A specific example would be the lateral portions of the eye's bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva as well as the skin adjacent to ...
AHC has a very fast rate of infection. Upon affecting one eye, the condition is known to infect the other eye in a short while ... They include allergies, bacterial infection, viral infection etc. A common form of the condition that occurs every rainy season ... It presents as a reddening of the eye due to the infection of the conjunctiva. The conjunctiva is the thin transparent tissue ... A PANDEMIC OF A NEW ENTEROVIRUS INFECTION OF THE EYES, American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 101, Issue 5, 1 May 1975, Pages ...
Confused physicians initially misdiagnosed the palytoxin poisoning to viral infection. The toxin also killed most of the fish ... Palytoxin is not lethal when topically applied to skin or eyes. Palytoxin can travel in water vapor and cause poisoning by ... The patients presented "flu-like symptoms" and eye-irritation. Also in 2018, a woman in Cedar Park, Texas was poisoned when she ... In different animals the symptoms have appeared in 30-60 minutes after intravenous injection and after 4 hours of eye-exposure ...
It is usually caused by allergies or viral infections, often inciting excessive eye rubbing. Chemosis is also included in the ... Often, the eye area swells so much that the eyes become difficult or impossible to close fully. Sometimes, it may also appear ... If chemosis has occurred due to excessive rubbing of the eye, the first aid to be given is a cold water wash for eyes.[citation ... In general, chemosis is a nonspecific sign of eye irritation. The outer surface covering appears to have fluid in it. The ...
It is usually a nonprogressive disease and can be caused by viral infections, drugs, vitamin A deficiency, or genetic defects. ... Retinal detachment occurs with complete retinal dysplasia, and is accompanied by blindness in that eye. Cataracts or glaucoma ... Cattle - Retinal dysplasia occurs in utero through infection with bovine viral diarrhea. It is also inherited in Shorthorns and ... Other causes of retinal dysplasia in dogs include infection with canine adenovirus or canine herpesvirus, or radiation of the ...
Acute dacryoadenitis is most commonly due to viral or bacterial infection. Common causes include mumps, Epstein-Barr virus, ... Dacryoadenitis can be diagnosed by examination of the eyes and lids. Special tests such as a CT scan may be required to search ... If the cause of dacryoadenitis is a viral condition such as mumps, simple rest and warm compresses may be all that is needed. ... Examples include sarcoidosis, thyroid eye disease, and orbital pseudotumor. ...
Syphilis or other viral infections like herpes or HIV can cause the loss of eye hair as well. Fungal infections, like ... Infections like syphilis by causing a moth-eaten appearance of the eyebrow hair loss. Viral infections like herpes or HIV can ... Infections: There are many bodily infections that can cause the loss of eyelashes/eyebrows. The most common infection may be ... Ophthalmologic conditions: there are multiple types of infections and are common. The gray line of the eye is a line that ...
... an infection inside the eye), or even loss of the eye. With proper medical attention, infections can usually be successfully ... Feline eosinophilic keratitis - affecting cats and horses; possibly initiated by feline herpesvirus 1 or other viral infection ... Keratitis is a condition in which the eye's cornea, the clear dome on the front surface of the eye, becomes inflamed. The ... Viral infection of the cornea is often caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) which frequently leaves what is called a ' ...
Experts agree hand-washing can help prevent viral infections, including ordinary and swine flu infections. Also, avoiding ... In pigs, a swine influenza infection produces fever, lethargy, discharge from the nose or eyes, sneezing, coughing, difficulty ... Despite these apparently low numbers of infections, the true rate of infection may be higher, since most cases only cause a ... Other professions at particular risk of infection are veterinarians and meat processing workers, although the risk of infection ...
Viral infections, can be confirmed via detection of either the virus or its antigens with culture or polymerase chain reaction ... Respiratory syncytial virus is typically contracted when people touch contaminated objects and then touch their eyes or nose. ... Mixed infections with both viruses and bacteria may occur in roughly 45% of infections in children and 15% of infections in ... Other viral infections occur when contaminated airborne droplets are inhaled through the nose or mouth. Once in the upper ...
... strand is complementary to the viral mRNA. The viral DNA is found in the nucleus soon after infection of the cell. The ... described an epidemic of jaundice among his patients that was characterized by the yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes ... Viral infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes many hepatocyte changes due to the direct action of a protein encoded by the ... Jaundice is a clinical sign of hepatitis B viral infection. However, due to the lengthy time interval, measured in weeks, ...
IFA testing will not give positive results for transient, primary infections - the infection must be persistent to get a ... These ELISA tests use blood samples most often, but can also use saliva or eye secretions. The sample is added to a container ... Testing for FeLV is possible with ELISA tests that look for viral antigens, free particles found in the bloodstream. ... Infection is far higher in city cats, stray or owned, than in rural cats: this is entirely due to the amount of contact the ...
The infection usually begins in one eye but may spread easily to the other eye.[citation needed] Viral conjunctivitis manifests ... The viral infection may occur along with other symptoms of a common cold. Both viral and bacterial cases are easily spread ... Bacterial infections, allergies, other irritants, and dryness are also common causes. Both bacterial and viral infections are ... When a chemical cause has been confirmed, the eye or eyes should be flushed until the pH is in the range 6-8. Anaesthetic eye ...
"Sirion Therapeutics Acquires U S License To Develop New Treatment For Viral Eye Infection". Biospace.com. "Hyperbaric Medicine ... Eye and Ear". Mass. Eye and Ear. Retrieved 2015-12-15. "History of Mass. Eye and Ear". Mass. Eye and Ear. Retrieved 2015-12-15 ... Eye And Ear Agrees To Pay $2.7M To Resolve Fraud Complaint". The Associated Press. 21 Apr 2021. "Massachusetts Eye and Ear ... Massachusetts Eye and Ear (Mass. Eye and Ear, or MEE) is a specialty hospital located in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, ...
C. difficile is currently a leading hospital-acquired infection in the UK, and rivals MRSA as the most common organism to cause ... Adenovirus is a group of viruses that infect the tissue lining membranes of the respiratory and urinary tracts, eyes, and ... is an infectious disease from a viral pathogen different from the one that produces the common cold. Symptoms of influenza, ... Symptoms of severe infections include hemolytic colitis (bloody diarrhea), hemolytic uremic syndrome (kidney disease), and ...
... fungal or mycobacterial infections of the eye. The most common adverse effects in patients being treated with the gel ... As corticosteroids are immunosuppressive, loteprednol is contraindicated in patients with viral, ... A study with patients receiving loteprednol eye drops over 42 days showed no adrenal suppression, which would be a sign of the ... Loteprednol (as the ester loteprednol etabonate) is a topical corticosteroid used to treat inflammations of the eye. It is ...
... a viral infection of the eye. He used himself as a test subject for experimenting with the virus, resulting in a gradual loss ... a viral infection of the eye. Murray Sanders was born in Chelsea, Massachusetts on April 11, 1910. He studied microbiology at ... of sight in his right eye. As a result, the condition became informally known as Sanders' disease; however, this terminology is ...
Any bacterial infection is usually secondary. Eye proptosis is a condition resulting in forward displacement and entrapment of ... Retinal dysplasia is an eye disease affecting the retina. It is usually a nonprogressive disease and can be caused by viral ... Cherry eye is the term used to refer to canine nictitans gland prolapse, a common eye condition in various dog breeds where the ... They are caused by trauma, detergent burns, and infections. Other eye conditions can cause corneal ulcers, such as entropion, ...
Many cases of dengue virus infection are asymptomatic, but headaches, high fevers, pain behind the eyes, muscle, joint and bone ... A person's likelihood of developing viral and bacterial infections is increased by breathing in an excess of these particles. ... Additionally, individuals may experience irritation of the eyes, nose and throat if exposed to an excess amount of the haze. ...
It is most often caused by a bacterial or viral infection. Fever, vomiting, and a stiff neck are all symptoms of meningitis. A ... in which the body and most of the facial muscles are paralysed but consciousness remains and the ability to perform certain eye ... It is usually caused by a foreign substance or a viral infection. Symptoms of this disease include headache, neck pain, ... Some of these infections may affect the brain or spinal cord directly. Generally, an infection is a disease that is caused by ...
More than 90% of people with AFM reported having symptoms consistent with a mild viral infection before the onset of AFM. Much ... Difficulty moving the eyes, speaking, or swallowing may also occur. Occasionally, numbness or pain may be present. ... More than 90% of recent cases have followed a mild viral infection such as from enteroviruses. While polio can cause AFM, since ... The CDC recommends, "To prevent infections in general, persons should stay home if they are ill, wash their hands often with ...
Kaufman tested IDU as a possible agent to disrupt viral replication in active Herpes Simplex Virus infections of the eye. IDU ... fungal infections of the eye were common and Kaufman sought to find an effective treatment for use on the eye. He read that a ... Although there were vaccines to prevent some viruses, there was not a treatment for active viral infections. Kaufman believed ... MK media was not patented so that it could be used by eye banks throughout the world, free of charge. As eye banks required ...
The viral infection can be accompanied by secondary bacterial infections and can eventually present serious neurological ... Common symptoms include high fever, eye inflammation and eye/nose discharge, labored breathing and coughing, vomiting and ... The time between infection and disease is 14 to 18 days, although a fever can appear from 3 to 6 days after infection. The ... infection in large felids. Both large and domestic cats are now known to be capable of infection, usually through close housing ...
These include viral anterior uveitis due to cytomegalovirus infection, and herpetic anterior uveitis caused by herpes simplex ... Inflammation of eye tissues contributes to the blockage of IOP produced in the ciliary body. This results in the accumulation ... Specifically for viral anterior uveitis, patients with IOP levels above 30 mmHg are often suffer from secondary glaucoma caused ... Uveitis is the inflammation of the uvea, a middle layer tissue of the eye consisting of the ciliary body, choroid and iris. ...
... "pink eye" (conjunctivitis), swelling over the eye (supraorbital edema), urticaria, and swelling of the limbs and under the ... Following infection, the first sign is fever, peaking at 41 °C (106 °F), followed by various signs such as lethargy, nasal ... Equine viral arteritis (EVA) is a disease of horses caused by a virus of the species Alphaarterivirus equid, an RNA virus. It ... Most horses with EVA infection do not show any signs; if a horse does show signs, these can vary greatly in severity. ...
... a yellow color in the skin or sclera of the eye). The most common cause was malaria. Viral hepatitis and bacterial infections ... Modern diagnoses for the same symptoms would include a wide range of conditions and infections.[citation needed] Douglas C. ...
His excitement was stifled when Angie explained she had contracted a viral infection in her eyes that caused blindness. She had ... not worn gloves while treating a patient, and had accidentally rubbed her eyes. The experimental medication to restore her ...
Optometrists are trained and licensed to practice medicine for eye-related conditions (including bacterial/viral infections, ... Treatment for eye conditions such as glaucoma and cataracts is free and checked for during normal eye examinations. In the ... They provide optical and medical eye care. They are able to diagnose and treat most eye diseases and can prescribe both topical ... Optometrists or Optometry Doctors usually function as primary eye care providers - they have a degree in eye care. They provide ...
"Porcine Paramyxovirus Blue Eye Disease", and "La Piedad Michoacán Paramyxovirus Infection". Blue eye disease is a viral disease ... Blue eye disease in swine has only been reported in Mexico. It can affect not only pigs but also dogs, cats, rats, and rabbits ... Blue eye disease typically begins in piglets that are between 2-21 days old; 90 percent of the pigs that become infected with ... Blue eye disease outbreaks can happen throughout the year but are most common during spring and summer months of April to July ...
Summer means eye trouble; heres how you can fight infections ... Viral insight: How to prevent eye infections this summer. ... Viral eye infections can spread in any season, but are especially active during the summers. An infection occurs when the virus ... making the eye vulnerable to attack from germs. "Cases of viral eye infections are reported from areas where blasts and firing ... Viral eye infections are very common, but people often panic and try self-medication. Medicines can provide temporary relief ...
... therapy immune support against viral infection. Free worldwide shipping. Products from Russia on Kalinka-Store. 1060 ... Eye diseases: cures "dry eye" syndrome, normalizes blood circulation, relieves edema of eyelids.. ... People more often have catarrhal diseases: acute respiratory viral infections, upper respiratory tract infections, anginas.. ... Ecosvet 1 Home Device For Ultraviolet Blood Irradiation (UVBI) therapy immune support against viral infection. * ...
Infections, Bladder see Urinary Tract Infections * Infections, Fungal see Fungal Infections * Infections, Viral see Viral ... Conjunctivitis see Pink Eye * COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) * COVID-19 Vaccines ... Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus see Antibiotic Resistance; Staphylococcal Infections * Varicella-Zoster Virus see ... Norovirus Infections * Norwalk Virus Infections see Norovirus Infections * Opportunistic Infections in AIDS see HIV and ...
... the most common acute viral disease of the CNS), encephalitis, the common cold, febrile rash illnesses (... ... Infection with various picornaviruses may be asymptomatic or may cause clinical syndromes such as aseptic meningitis ( ... Viral Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) * Fast Five Quiz: What Do You Know About Meningitis? ... Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnosis of Cutaneous Viral Infections- Part II: Cutaneous Viral Infections by Parvoviruses, ...
Transmission of type B viral hepatitis via eye inoculation of a chimpanzee. J Clin Microbiol 1982;15:533-534. ... Infection Prevention & Control in Dental Settingsplus icon *Summary of Infection Prevention Practices in Dental Settingsplus ... Appendix A: Infection Prevention Checklist. *Appendix A: Infection Prevention Checklist Section II: Direct Observation of ... Selected References for Infection Prevention & Control by Topic Area. *Screening and Evaluating Safer Dental Devicesplus icon * ...
Viral-infections; Epidemiology; Bacterial-infections; Eye-injuries ... Most brucellosis infections occurred by the fifth year following graduation from veterinary college. Data suggest that an ... A total of 93 veterinarians, about 9 percent, had suffered 99 occupationally related eye accidents, and 140 had experienced ... A decreasing prevalence of brucellosis was observed, with infection being associated with practice type. ...
Cornea T-Cells Appear to Shield Eyes From Viral Infections. July 1, 2022. ... Long-living memory T-cells that guard and battle viral infections were found in the cornea, overturning the prevailing thought ... "Our findings will improve the understanding of how to protect our eyes from infections that cause permanent blindness, such as ... Specifically, images from a multiphoton microscope of mice corneas showed long-living memory T cells made in the mices eyes to ...
Categories: Eye Infections, Viral Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...
Colorado State Universitys Magzamen Lab has begun a study regarding the effects of electronic cigarettes on viral infections. ... Colorado State Universitys Magzamen Lab has begun a study regarding the effects of electronic cigarettes on viral infections. ... Study explores possible link between vaping and viral infections. h1.sno-story-headline { font-size: 40px; line-height: 1.35em ... and if they have evidence of viral infections in their upper respiratory system," Magzamen said. ...
Upon initial infection, CMV infects the epithelial cells of the salivary gland, resulting in a persistent infection and viral ... Antiviral treatment is used for immunocompromised individuals who have eye infections or life-threatening illnesses due to CMV ... although mixed gB genotype infections were associated with higher viral loads and delayed viral clearance. [32] ... Infection is defined as isolation of CMV, its viral proteins, or its nucleic acid from any tissue sample or body fluid. [8] In ...
Infections can cause bloodshot eyes, but the culprit could also be your nighttime habits or even your new detergent. Heres why ... She likes optometrist-developed We Love Eyes, available on Amazon.. 5. You Have a Viral Infection. ... For an eye infection, you can see your eye doctor for antibiotic drops. Once you start treatment, the infection will go away ... Keep your face clean, dont touch your face or eye (you can transfer the infection from one eye to the other) and wash your ...
Side effects include respiratory infections, nausea, allergic reactions, throat irritation, and more. ... viral infections; pain; chest symptoms; fluid retention; bacterial infections; unusual taste; viral skin infections; skin ... pharyngitis/throat infection; hypothyroidism; dry eyes; eye infections; gastrointestinal signs and symptoms; oral lesions; ... abnormal liver function tests; bacterial infections; edema and swelling; viral infections.. Laboratory Abnormalities. There ...
Transmission of type B viral hepatitis B via eye inoculation of a chimpanzee. J Clin Microbiol 1982;15:533-4. * CDC. Public ... Infection control file: practical infection control in the dental office. Atlanta, GA/Rockville, MD:CDC/FDA, 1989. (Available ... the chain of infection): a susceptible host; a pathogen with sufficient infectivity and numbers to cause infection; and a ... thereby preventing infection. A set of infection-control strategies common to all health-care delivery settings should reduce ...
Finally, a summary of the immune biomarkers that have been reported for dengue and Zika viral infections are discussed which ... As the pathogenesis of viral illnesses is affected by host immune responses, various immune modulators have been proposed as ... As the pathogenesis of viral illnesses is affected by host immune responses, various immune modulators have been proposed as ... Despite revised clinical classifications of dengue infections by the World Health Organization, the wide spectrum of the ...
There are no clinically detectable differences between CMV-positive and negative presumed PSS eyes. CMV-positive presumed FHI ... Cytomegalovirus Infections / virology * DNA, Viral / analysis * Eye Infections, Viral / diagnosis* * Eye Infections, Viral / ... with CMV infection, and reticulate deposits were seen in all the presumed FHI eyes. CMV-positive and CMV-negative PSS eyes were ... Methods: One hundred and three eyes of 102 patients with presumed PSS or FHI, seen at the Singapore National Eye Centre, ...
... families cause the most common primary viral infections of the oral cavity. HPV infections have received particular attention ... HHV-4 infection manifests as enlarged endothelial cells. An infected cell typically has ample cytoplasm and an owls eye ... encoded search term (Viral Infections of the Mouth) and Viral Infections of the Mouth What to Read Next on Medscape ... This article discusses viral conditions of the oral cavity, including HHV infection, HPV infection, coxsackievirus infection, ...
"Kibongoto Hospital builds modern viral infections lab". Retrieved August 3, 2020. "East Africa: Kibong Oto Hospital Eyes ... In 2020 the hospital began construction of a viral infections laboratory that is expected to have a substantial impact on the ...
viral infections, *tremors, *double vision, *fever, *unusual eye movements, and *jerky movements. ... a painful rash that comes after a herpes zoster infection) in adults. ...
Beaugerie L, Sokol H, Seksik P. Noncolorectal malignancies in inflammatory bowel disease: more than meets the eye. Dig Dis. ... EBV infection was the most prevalent. Finally, steroid therapy was identified as a significant risk factor for viral colitis. ... Opportunistic viral infections, including HCMV and EBV, are those caused by organisms capable of establishing latency in target ... Viral infection was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, and correlations ...
Do not bite your nails or put your hands near your eyes, mouth, or nose. ... Reducing Your Risk of Viral Upper Respiratory Infections (Colds and Influenza). by Ricker Polsdorfer, MD ... Effective ways to prevent respiratory infections include:. *Washing your hands thoroughly (15 to 20 seconds) with soap and ... if you are at high risk of catching a cold or influenza or are at risk for developing complications from these infections, try ...
... and Symptoms of a Viral Infection such as Fever, Muscle Aches & Coughing. ... Information on Types of Viral Infections, Types of Viruses, ... Avoid touching your eyes or nose if you have been in contact ... More Information on Viral Infections. What is a Viral Infection?. A virus is a tiny organism that causes an infection in the ... After Effects of Viral Infection. Viral infections can last as long as two weeks, and after infection, it is important to get ...
How can you relieve itchy or dry eyes? When should you see a doctor? Learn about common causes of this irritating condition and ... Itchy eyes are rarely a symptom of a serious condition, but they can cause irritation and impact quality of life. ... The eyes are not immune to bacterial and viral infections. Some of the common bacteria found in infectious conjunctivitis ... Dry eye syndrome. When the eye lacks moisture and lubrication, dry eyes can ensue. The eyes are less protected and more ...
Learn the most common eye problems in cats. ... Cat eyes are beautiful, but they can also become damaged and ... Cat Eye Infections. One of the most common eye problems in cat eyes is an eye infection. These infections tend to be viral in ... Understanding Viral Cat Eye Infections. Retrieved from: https://www.vetinfo.com/viral-cat-eye-infection.html ... However, eye infections are usually never that simple.. Cats that have a history of eye infections should definitely be seen by ...
Well tell you about the most common causes, from digital eye strain to infection. ... However, if you find your eyes are irritated often, you may want to consider the potential causes and talk to your doctor. ... Eye irritation is a fairly common symptom that is often temporary and harmless. ... Infections. A variety of bacterial, viral, or fungal infections can cause eye irritation. ...
Viral infection eyed as culprit. Abaca output down in Jan-Feb period. By: Jordeene B. Lagare - @inquirerdotnet ...
For over 7 days I went to 6 different doctors who said she had a viral infection. She had the rash all over her body which ... After seeing what looked like a "bulls eye" at the infection site, and suspecting Lyme, I took her to urgent care. The dr. on ... so I was reacting to taking the medicine that I did not need and told me I had a viral infection that will have to work itself ... A few days later, my mother noticed one of my eyes was turning in; I said "I didnt want to worry you, but Ive been seeing ...
Early symptoms are mild to moderate fever, runny nose, cough and red, watery eyes and sore throat. Within one to four days ... Measles is a viral infection caused by the rubeola virus. It is a highly contagious disease that spreads easily though coughing ... All those Texan residents who have not immunized themselves against measles should do so as the viral infection is on the ... This sudden spike in infections is cause for concern given that no measles case was reported last year and there were just six ...
antivirals for viral infections. Not all forms of keratitis infections respond to medications in the same way. Acanthamoeba ... If your eye is sealed shut from an infection, they will help you open it so they can conduct a full examination of the cornea. ... This type of infection is called Acanthamoeba keratitis.. Viruses: Viral keratitis is primarily caused by the herpes simplex ... Conjunctivitis is infection or inflammation of the conjunctiva, which covers the white part of the eye and lines the inside of ...
  • A variety of bacterial, viral, or fungal infections can cause eye irritation. (healthline.com)
  • Blistering fungal infections: Fungal infections are usually pink scaling rashes, but occasionally a fungal infection can cause a blistering rash. (abc7chicago.com)
  • Fungal infections are commonly identified, and emergent pathogens such as West Nile virus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) have been described. (medscape.com)
  • As fungal infections of the cornea are particularly prone to develop coincidentally with long-term local corticosteroid applications, fungal invasion should be suspected in any persistent corneal ulceration where a corticosteroid has been used or is in use. (nih.gov)
  • Symptoms, when apparent, develop 9-60 days after primary infection. (medscape.com)
  • This contributes to dry eye , the symptoms of which can be redness, irritation and burning. (livestrong.com)
  • The common cold is a frequently occurring viral infection and usually includes symptoms such as sneezing, stuffy nose, sore throat and coughing. (nativeremedies.com)
  • Certain medical conditions can cause itchy eyes, as well as other accompanying symptoms. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Cats that have a history of eye infections should definitely be seen by their vet within a few days of the symptoms coming on. (petinsurancereview.com)
  • Cats with no history of eye infections should be seen ASAP, preferably within 24 hours once symptoms are visible. (petinsurancereview.com)
  • Cats with pink eye should be seen by a vet within 24 hours of symptoms. (petinsurancereview.com)
  • Cloudy eyes can also be a symptoms of other cat eye diseases. (petinsurancereview.com)
  • While the symptoms may be similar, there are many possible causes of eye irritation. (healthline.com)
  • Read on as we explore some of the more common causes of eye irritation, their symptoms, and possible treatments. (healthline.com)
  • What are some common symptoms of eye irritation? (healthline.com)
  • The specific symptoms that you may experience are dependent on the source of your eye irritation. (healthline.com)
  • Symptoms typically occur in both eyes shortly after you're exposed to an allergen. (healthline.com)
  • For example, if you're allergic to pet dander you may experience eye allergy symptoms if you visit the home of someone who has a cat or dog . (healthline.com)
  • In many cases, thoroughly rinsing the affected eye or eyes with room temperature water for 15 to 20 minutes can relieve symptoms. (healthline.com)
  • It's important to limit the duration of time that your eyes are exposed to an irritant and to seek prompt medical attention if symptoms do not go away after rinsing. (healthline.com)
  • In addition to eye irritation or discomfort, symptoms of digital eye strain can include headache, dry eyes , and pain in your neck or shoulders. (healthline.com)
  • The symptoms of digital eye strain are temporary and should subside when you stop using your computer or phone. (healthline.com)
  • Additional symptoms that you may experience can include swelling of the membranes around the eye, an urge to rub your eyes, pus or mucus discharge, and crusting of the eyelids or lashes. (healthline.com)
  • Early symptoms are mild to moderate fever, runny nose, cough and red, watery eyes and sore throat. (themedguru.com)
  • To diagnose keratitis, your doctor will first talk to you about the history of your symptoms and then look at your eyes. (healthline.com)
  • The threat was made all the more serious by the fact that only about one in 10 infected men and almost half of infected women do not experience any symptoms, allowing the nasty infection to spread more easily. (nzherald.co.nz)
  • Colby added that anyone who is experiencing severe symptoms of pink eye, including any loss of vision, should definitely make an appointment to see an eye doctor. (latimes.com)
  • Early symptoms of this virus may include a painful sore on your eye surface or eyelid, and an inflamed cornea. (webmd.com)
  • Viral infections are the most common cause of upper respiratory symptoms. (healthwise.net)
  • Symptoms include sneezing, clear runny drainage from the nose and eyes, itchy eyes or nose, and stuffy (congested) ears and sinuses. (healthwise.net)
  • The symptoms of allergies often last longer than a typical viral respiratory infection. (healthwise.net)
  • Symptoms of these types of uveitis include blurred vision and floaters , typically in both eyes. (allaboutvision.com)
  • Not all symptoms will occur in all cases and the condition may only exist in one eye or in both eyes, depending on the cause. (pethealthnetwork.com)
  • In addition, a complete physical examination and other tests may be needed to rule out any suspected underlying problems that might be contributing to the inflammation in your cat's eye(s) so those problems can be addressed while specific treatment for the ocular symptoms are instituted. (pethealthnetwork.com)
  • Ten percent of congenital infections present with symptoms at birth. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • After infection the hepatitis virus can remain dormant in the infected individual for one to three months before symptoms of the disease emerge. (coursehero.com)
  • Signs and symptoms include fatigue, flu-like illness, dark urine, pale stools, abdominal pain and yellow skin and eyes. (sequimgazette.com)
  • One of the main symptoms of a sinus infection is throbbing pain and pressure around the eyeballs. (pursuantmedia.com)
  • Chikungunya , a viral infection that causes symptoms such as fever and severe joint pain. (medlineplus.gov)
  • West Nile Virus (WNV), a viral infection that often has no symptoms. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Zika Virus , a viral infection that often does not cause symptoms. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Rubella is a contagious viral infection that typically causes in children mild symptoms, such as joint pain and a rash. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Symptoms Rubella is a typically mild childhood viral infection that may, however, have devastating consequences for infants infected before birth. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Measles Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that causes various cold-like symptoms and a characteristic rash. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Symptoms of rubella begin about 14 to 21 days after infection. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Initial symptoms, which usually appear 10-12 days after infection, include high fever, runny nose, bloodshot eyes, and tiny white spots on the inside of the mouth. (bvsalud.org)
  • Dr Shahzad says too much dust in the house or the presence of pets can also be a cause for eye infections, which are often very contagious. (com.pk)
  • Since viral infections are contagious, the person infected should take special care of personal hygiene and avoid close contact, including shaking hands, with others. (com.pk)
  • Colds are highly contagious and are spread by fluids from sneezing or coughing, which contain the infection. (nativeremedies.com)
  • These cases only become contagious if an infection develops. (healthline.com)
  • Go to your doctor before your infection becomes viral or contagious. (apsense.com)
  • Viral conjunctivitis is most commonly caused by contagious viruses associated with the common cold. (aoa.org)
  • Prevent the spread of the infection in contagious forms of conjunctivitis. (aoa.org)
  • Upper respiratory infections can be highly contagious among cats, so it is important to isolate the infected cat from other feline companions to prevent the spread of the infection. (tagvault.org)
  • The virus stays contagious long after someone recovers from an infection, and will infect any person with a low immunity. (foxnews.com)
  • People who have rubella are most contagious from 1 week before to 1 week after a rash appears, and the infection is usually spread while the rash is present. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Measles is a highly contagious viral disease, which affects mostly children. (bvsalud.org)
  • 4] Chorioretinitis can also result from a dissemination of parasitic infections like Toxocara or Baylisascaris (the raccoon roundworm) in immunocompetent patients. (medscape.com)
  • Contact lenses can lead to bacterial or parasitic infections. (webmd.com)
  • Allergic conjunctivitis occurs when the inner membrane covering the eye is irritated by an allergen. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Like people, our feline companions can also develop conjunctivitis in one or both eyes. (petinsurancereview.com)
  • Viral keratitis is primarily caused by the herpes simplex virus, which progresses from conjunctivitis to keratitis. (healthline.com)
  • The first thing to know is that conjunctivitis, commonly called pink eye, has many potential causes. (latimes.com)
  • Even the word "conjunctivitis" is a catchall that simply means redness and inflammation on the surface of the eye. (latimes.com)
  • Certainly conjunctivitis can happen with any viral disease," said Dr. Colleen Kraft, associate chief medical officer at Emory University Hospital. (latimes.com)
  • Often referred to casually as "pink eye", conjunctivitis is the swelling or inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin, transparent layer of tissue that lines the inner surface of the eyelid and covers the white part of the eye. (aoa.org)
  • Giant papillary conjunctivitis is a type of allergic conjunctivitis caused by the chronic presence of a foreign body in the eye. (aoa.org)
  • People who wear hard or rigid contact lenses, wear soft contact lenses that are not replaced frequently, have an exposed suture on the surface of the eye or have a prosthetic eye are more likely to develop this form of conjunctivitis. (aoa.org)
  • Bacterial conjunctivitis is an infection most often caused by staphylococcal or streptococcal bacteria from your own skin or respiratory system. (aoa.org)
  • Viral conjunctivitis can also occur as the virus spreads along the body's own mucous membranes, which connect the lungs, throat, nose, tear ducts and conjunctiva. (aoa.org)
  • Conjunctivitis can be diagnosed through a comprehensive eye examination . (aoa.org)
  • Eye ache may be caused by viral conjunctivitis. (pursuantmedia.com)
  • Some of the most common causes of eye pain include conjunctivitis, corneal abrasions, and foreign objects in the eye. (pursuantmedia.com)
  • Stomach viruses can be spread through contaminated food or water and can cause viral gastroenteritis, meaning inflammation of the stomach and intestines (small and large). (nativeremedies.com)
  • This is the Inflammation of the cornea and the conjunctiva (the membrane that covers the front of the eye). (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • It also can cause inflammation and swelling around the eyes. (kidshealth.org)
  • Infections can cause inflammation and enlargement of the thyroid. (kidshealth.org)
  • This is when inflammation of the gland (due to an infection, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, or Graves' disease) makes the thyroid swell in one place. (kidshealth.org)
  • Generally, this inflammation and redness are caused by either a bacterial or viral infection. (latimes.com)
  • In neonates, the inflammation is usually caused by congenital viral, bacterial, or protozoal infections. (medscape.com)
  • If the inflammation is unilateral, the child may squint, favor the "good eye," or report blurred vision or an inability to see objects. (medscape.com)
  • What causes eye inflammation? (allaboutvision.com)
  • If your ophthalmologist determines you have uveitis, he or she will likely prescribe a steroid to reduce the inflammation in your eye. (allaboutvision.com)
  • Keratoconjunctivitis is an awfully long word that basically means any inflammation ("itis") of both the cornea ("kerato," the transparent part of your eye that you see through) and the conjunctiva (the pink mucous membrane that covers the insides of your eyelids and attaches to the opaque, white part or "sclera" of the eye). (pethealthnetwork.com)
  • What do you see if you cat has eye inflammation? (pethealthnetwork.com)
  • Remember, since this is an "itis," it can be caused by anything that causes irritation or inflammation to the eye. (pethealthnetwork.com)
  • There are several causes of liver inflammation leading to hepatitis, including infection as well as environmental and immunologic causes. (coursehero.com)
  • Reduce or lessen the course of the infection or inflammation. (aoa.org)
  • Advise patients that if eye inflammation or pain persists longer than 48 hours or becomes aggravated, they should consult a physician. (nih.gov)
  • Cats can sneeze due to nose tickles, noxious smells, dust and particles, foreign objects, respiratory infections, and inflammation of the nasal cavity or sinuses. (tagvault.org)
  • As the pathogenesis of viral illnesses is affected by host immune responses, various immune modulators have been proposed as biomarkers to predict the risk of the disease progression to a severe form, at a much earlier stage of the illness. (frontiersin.org)
  • Unlike many other viral respiratory infections, the flu can cause severe illness and life-threatening complications in many people. (nativeremedies.com)
  • In severe cases, the conjunctiva - the tissue surrounding the eye - can become so inflamed that it becomes hard to even see your cat's eyeball. (petinsurancereview.com)
  • More severe cases may require prescription dry eye medications . (healthline.com)
  • In very severe cases, antifungal medication may need to be injected directly into the eye. (healthline.com)
  • For a more severe infection, you might need fortified antibiotic drops or more extensive treatments -- maybe even surgery. (webmd.com)
  • Pateints with severe CMV diseases have been treated with a loading dose of IV Ganciclovir followed by oral Valganciclovir in various in a study conducted in 2007 (8).A case of a preterm infant with congenital CMV infection who was treated with oral Valganciclovir and showed a good response has been reported (10). (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Bacterial infections can be more severe in patients that wear contact lenses. (aoa.org)
  • For severe infections, the directions are to use every two hours. (canadapharmacy.com)
  • In severe cases, your veterinarian may prescribe antiviral, antibiotic, or antifungal medications to combat the infection. (tagvault.org)
  • Briefly, these conditions include severe uveitis, severe glaucoma, severe keratitis, and/or cataracts that interfere with visualization of the posterior segment of the eye. (who.int)
  • Itchy eyes, also referred to as ocular pruritis, affect many people and are a common reason for visiting the ophthalmologist. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • PRED FORTE suspension is contraindicated in acute untreated purulent ocular infections, in most viral diseases of the cornea and conjunctiva including epithelial herpes simplex keratitis (dendritic keratitis), vaccinia, and varicella, and also in mycobacterial infection of the eye and fungal diseases of ocular structures. (nih.gov)
  • Prolonged use may also suppress the host immune response and thus increase the hazard of secondary ocular infections. (nih.gov)
  • Use of ocular steroids may prolong the course and may exacerbate the severity of many viral infections of the eye (including herpes simplex). (nih.gov)
  • Depending on where you experience the discomfort, eye pain can fall into one of two categories: Ocular pain occurs on the eye's surface, and orbital pain occurs within the eye. (pursuantmedia.com)
  • There are four basic types of eye movements: saccades, smooth pursuit movements, vergence movements, and vestibulo-ocular movements. (pursuantmedia.com)
  • Ocular pain refers to discomfort around the outside of the eye, while orbital pain is usually felt deep behind the eye. (pursuantmedia.com)
  • Orbital pain also tends to be less sharp than ocular, although it can be caused by a variety of serious eye diseases. (pursuantmedia.com)
  • Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Gram-negative bacteria is an intra-ocular infection that can rapidly progress to irreversible loss of vision. (bvsalud.org)
  • Individuals who are excluded with significant ocular disease will be referred for appropriate All ocular disease exclusion criteria apply to either eye. (who.int)
  • That is to say, participants will be excluded if any of the ocular exclusion criteria listed below are met for either eye. (who.int)
  • Depending on the object that was in your eye, your doctor may also prescribe a course of antibiotics to prevent infection. (healthline.com)
  • If you have a bacterial infection, your doctor will likely prescribe antibiotics in an eye drop format. (healthline.com)
  • In other words, we must stop abusing antibiotics for things like viral infections," she said. (nzherald.co.nz)
  • Antibiotics aren't used to treat viral illnesses. (healthwise.net)
  • Antibiotics work well to treat most bacterial infections. (healthwise.net)
  • You can't treat these infections with antibiotics, because they are viral, not bacterial, so prevention is key. (foxnews.com)
  • It may be high with some infections such as pneumonia. (healthwise.net)
  • 3) Our patient presented with interstitial pneumonia and abnormal liver function tests with mild hearing loss suggestive of CMV infection though there was no CNS manifestation. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • All those Texan residents who have not immunized themselves against measles should do so as the viral infection is on the upswing! (themedguru.com)
  • With numerous cases of measles surfacing across Texas in the past month, the Department of State Health Services (DSHS) has issued a high alert against the viral disease. (themedguru.com)
  • This sudden spike in infections is cause for concern given that no measles case was reported last year and there were just six in 2011.Health regulators are urging residents to get immunized against the viral infection. (themedguru.com)
  • Measles is a viral infection caused by the rubeola virus. (themedguru.com)
  • Although colds are a minor infection of the nose and throat, a cold can last from two days to two weeks. (nativeremedies.com)
  • Common viral illnesses include colds and influenza (flu) . (healthwise.net)
  • Transmission of type B viral hepatitis via eye inoculation of a chimpanzee. (cdc.gov)
  • See Cutaneous Manifestations of HIV Disease and Cutaneous Manifestations of Hepatitis C for information on these viral infections. (medscape.com)
  • Infectious hepatitis can be caused by any one of the five unrelated hepatitis viruses, A, B, C, D, or E. These are the viruses that cause liver diseases of the same names, and most cases of hepatitis are caused by viral infection. (coursehero.com)
  • Hepatitis caused by viral infection can be a chronic or acute disease. (coursehero.com)
  • The hepatitis A and E viruses typically cause an acute infection, hepatitis B and C can cause chronic or acute infections, and hepatitis D causes chronic infection in patients already infected with hepatitis B. Acute hepatitis typically clears on its own within a few weeks, without the need for medical intervention. (coursehero.com)
  • There are now vaccines for hepatitis A and B, which can prevent infection with these two strains of virus. (coursehero.com)
  • With the exception of hepatitis viruses, viral digestive diseases are commonly fast acting and self-limiting. (coursehero.com)
  • The Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is spread by the fecal-oral route, meaning that the infection is spread when the feces from an infected person are somehow ingested by another person. (sequimgazette.com)
  • Chronic infection with Hepatitis A is rare. (sequimgazette.com)
  • Since Hepatitis A is spread by the fecal-oral route, eating food from safe sources will help prevent this infection. (sequimgazette.com)
  • Like Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B vaccine is the best way to prevent infection. (sequimgazette.com)
  • Because something can be done about HCV infection, knowing if you are infected with hepatitis C is important. (sequimgazette.com)
  • Clinical criteria to diagnose ON are acute visual loss, dyschromatopsia, and pain of the eye [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Although acute HBV infection is rarely treated, medications can help fight chronic infections. (sequimgazette.com)
  • Acute purulent infections of the eye may be masked or activity enhanced by the presence of corticosteroid medication. (nih.gov)
  • A set of infection-control strategies common to all health-care delivery settings should reduce the risk of transmission of infectious diseases caused by bloodborne pathogens such as HBV and HIV (2,5-10). (cdc.gov)
  • In 2020 the hospital began construction of a viral infections laboratory that is expected to have a substantial impact on the hospitals ability to monitor and treat infectious diseases. (wikipedia.org)
  • There can be many reasons behind your eye infections and diseases. (apsense.com)
  • 1) According to a study conducted in 2010, primary CMV infection in infants can cause both systemic diseases or affect single organs. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Antiviral treatment is used for immunocompromised individuals who have eye infections or life-threatening illnesses due to CMV. (medscape.com)
  • A key feature of monkeypox, and a sign that helps distinguish monkeypox from many other viral illnesses, are the presence of painful, swollen lymph nodes. (abc7chicago.com)
  • Bacterial infections are less common than viral illnesses. (healthwise.net)
  • Nonetheless, many other viral infections can affect the oral cavity in humans, either as localized or systemic infections. (medscape.com)
  • Your optician often can identify the cause of uveitis if there has been trauma to the eye or you have an infectious or immunological systemic disorder. (allaboutvision.com)
  • An infection occurs when the virus invades a part of the eyeball or surrounding area, including the clear front surface of the eye (cornea) or the thin, moist membrane line of the outer and inner eyelids (conjunctiva). (com.pk)
  • What's more, advanced imaging of eyes in healthy people revealed immune cells guarding the cornea, according to the same press release. (cornealphysician.com)
  • A corneal ulcer refers to a scratch on the cornea, or clear surface of your cat's eye. (petinsurancereview.com)
  • Aggressive playing with other cats or dogs in the house, debris getting into their eye, and long whiskers that can continue to poke at the cornea. (petinsurancereview.com)
  • This clouding is different than the clouding of the cornea, where you can't even see into the eye. (petinsurancereview.com)
  • Keratitis is an inflammatory condition that affects the cornea of your eye. (healthline.com)
  • If your eye is sealed shut from an infection, they will help you open it so they can conduct a full examination of the cornea. (healthline.com)
  • You'll get drops after this operation, in which the doctor replaces your diseased or scarred cornea with a clear one (usually from an eye bank). (webmd.com)
  • Many cases of uveitis are chronic, and they can produce numerous possible complications, including clouding of the cornea, cataracts , elevated eye pressure (IOP), glaucoma , swelling of the retina or retinal detachment . (allaboutvision.com)
  • When the Zika epidemic spread through the American continent and then later to Africa and Asia in 2015, researchers compared the characteristics of the Zika infection to Dengue, considering both these viruses were transmitted primarily through the same vector, the Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Together, this information appraises the current understanding of both Zika and Dengue infections, providing insights for future vaccine design approaches against both viruses. (frontiersin.org)
  • Influenza, also known as the "flu", is a respiratory infection caused by viruses. (nativeremedies.com)
  • It's perfectly normal for your cat to have a bit of discharge in the corner of their eye. (petinsurancereview.com)
  • Having said that, if your cat's eye(s) has a lot of discharge, or more than normal, if it is of a creamy consistency and coming from other areas of the eye instead of that corner closest to the nose, this may be an indication that something else is going on. (petinsurancereview.com)
  • Yellow or green nasal discharge is seen with both viral and bacterial sinus infections. (healthychildren.org)
  • Suspect a bacterial infection if the discharge becomes thick (like pus). (healthychildren.org)
  • With bacterial infections, there is typically minimal pain but a possibly dramatic appearance with moderate redness and almost always a yellow/green discharge, sometimes extreme. (aoa.org)
  • Acanthamoeba keratitis can sometimes be antibiotic-resistant, so your doctor may need to look at your eyes again if the infection doesn't clear up. (healthline.com)
  • Without new treatment options, we face a return to the pre-antibiotic era, and the days of devastating childhood mortality, amputation and infections that can kill millions of people. (nzherald.co.nz)
  • Although the agency didn't clarify which types of bacteria were found to be present, this past spring, there was a previous recall on eye drops after three people died after contracting an antibiotic-resistant bacteria - and others were left with permanent blindness after using EzriCare Artificial Tears. (yahoo.com)
  • For several years, U.S. delivery rooms have applied antibiotic ointment to babies' eyes as a standard prophylactic treatment. (aoa.org)
  • To compare the characteristics of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-positive and negative eyes with presumed Posner-Schlossman syndrome (PSS) and Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHI). (nih.gov)
  • Congenital toxoplasma and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection are the most common etiologies in this age group. (medscape.com)
  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is usually asymptomatic in healthy individuals and manifests as a life and sight threatening disease commonly amongst immunocompromised and HIV infected individuals. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Viral eye infections are very common, but people often panic and try self-medication. (com.pk)
  • HHV infections are common in the oral cavity. (medscape.com)
  • The most common type of viral infections involves the respiratory tract. (nativeremedies.com)
  • Viral infections are fairly common and can be caused by the adenovirus, herpes simplex and herpes zoster. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • This article will cover some of the most common eye problems in cats as well as some common treatment protocols. (petinsurancereview.com)
  • One of the most common eye problems in cat eyes is an eye infection. (petinsurancereview.com)
  • The most common symptom of this eye condition is when a cat seems to suddenly lose her sight and her pupils look dilated, no matter how much light is shining in her face. (petinsurancereview.com)
  • Most common adverse reactions (reported in greater than or equal to 3% of subjects) are: nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, oral candidiasis, headache, and cough. (drugs.com)
  • Apart from these above mentioned types, you can also Buy other Eye Care Drugs Online that include common eye drops and medications. (apsense.com)
  • Although CMV is the most common congenital infection in the developed world, affecting approximately 1% of all infants born in the United States, only 10% of all infants born in the United States with congenital CMV infection have symptomatic disease at birth, including chorioretinitis. (medscape.com)
  • In the upper respiratory system, the most common sites of bacterial infections are the sinuses and throat. (healthwise.net)
  • Bacterial infections are more common in people who smoke, are exposed to secondhand smoke , or have chronic lung disease (such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [ COPD ]) and other chronic medical problems. (healthwise.net)
  • KCS can, however, occur as a consequence of feline herpes virus infection (FHV) which is a very common upper respiratory infection in cats. (pethealthnetwork.com)
  • In this paper, we report patterns of infection of a viral eye disease in juvenile Swedish common lizards (Lacerta vivipara). (lu.se)
  • Common viral infections of the alimentary tract are generally not life-threatening and resolve without treatment. (coursehero.com)
  • Upper respiratory infections, such as feline herpesvirus and feline calicivirus, are common viral infections in cats. (tagvault.org)
  • Aerosols take considerable energy to generate, consist of particles less than 10 microns in diameter, and are not typically visible to the naked eye. (cdc.gov)
  • Cat eye infections are typically brought on by stress and other health conditions. (petinsurancereview.com)
  • Viral infections are typically mild and resolve in one to two weeks. (healthline.com)
  • The pain is typically a sandy, gritty feel like something may be in the eye. (aoa.org)
  • Rubella in Newborns Rubella is a typically mild childhood viral infection that may, however, have devastating consequences for infants infected before birth. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Rubella is a typically mild childhood infection. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Despite revised clinical classifications of dengue infections by the World Health Organization, the wide spectrum of the manifestations of dengue illness continues to pose challenges in diagnosis and patient management for clinicians. (frontiersin.org)
  • An important difference to note, however, was that the Zika epidemic diffused in a shorter time span compared to the persisting feature of Dengue infections, which is endemic in many Asian countries. (frontiersin.org)
  • This review discusses similarities between Dengue and Zika infections, comparing their disease transmissions and vectors involved, and both the innate and adaptive immune responses in these infections. (frontiersin.org)
  • Consideration of the genetic identity of both the Dengue and Zika flaviviruses as well as the cross-reactivity of relevant T cells along with the actions of CD4+ cytotoxic cells in these infections are also presented. (frontiersin.org)
  • Finally, a summary of the immune biomarkers that have been reported for dengue and Zika viral infections are discussed which may be useful indicators for future anti-viral targets or predictors for disease severity. (frontiersin.org)
  • Ophthalmic consultant at Shahzad Eye Hospital Dr Haris Shahzad says allergies are triggered because the eye membrane becomes very sensitive, making the eye vulnerable to attack from germs. (com.pk)
  • If all you want to do is scratch your eyes because of out-of-control itchiness, well, it might be allergies, Dr. Fartash says. (livestrong.com)
  • It can be caused by a variety of conditions, including allergies and infection. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Eye allergies happen when something that you're allergic to, called an allergen, disturbs the membranes of your eye. (healthline.com)
  • Treatment for eye allergies is centered on symptom relief. (healthline.com)
  • If allergies or something else in the air like smoke or chemicals (your doctor will call this an environmental irritant) are to blame, the doctor may give you anti-inflammatory eye drops. (webmd.com)
  • If you have eye allergies and wear contacts, ask your eye doctor about eye drops to keep your lenses clear when you're exposed to an allergy trigger. (webmd.com)
  • Cat sneezing can be caused by various factors, including upper respiratory infections, inhaled irritants or allergens, and allergies. (tagvault.org)
  • Additionally, in August, Dr. Berne's MSM Drops 5% Solution and LightEyez MSM Eye Drops were discovered to contain bacteria , fungus and an ingredient that's not legally allowed to be included in eye drops. (yahoo.com)
  • Tobrex is an antibacterial that treats infections from bacteria. (canadapharmacy.com)
  • Do not use any eye drops before consulting a doctor, warns Dr Shahzad. (com.pk)
  • Addressing the underlying reason will lead you to a clearer tomorrow (without the need for eye drops in some cases). (livestrong.com)
  • Over-the-counter pills or eye drops may help. (healthline.com)
  • Your doctor may prescribe eye drops, oral medications, or both. (healthline.com)
  • How Can Eye Drops Help? (webmd.com)
  • These days, eye drops can do more than ever before. (webmd.com)
  • Eye drops usually have saline as a base ingredient. (webmd.com)
  • Before this operation, you'll use eye drops to prevent infection, make your pupil larger, and numb the area. (webmd.com)
  • After the doctor removes your cloudy lens and replaces it with a man-made model, drops can lower the chances of infection and help you heal. (webmd.com)
  • Drops can treat this infection or irritation of the conjunctiva, the clear membrane that lines your eyelid and covers your eye. (webmd.com)
  • If your eyes feel dry when you wear your contacts, drops can help. (webmd.com)
  • You'll probably get antibacterial eye drops for a minor problem. (webmd.com)
  • Some eye drops have both antihistamines and mast cell stabilizers for quick and long-lived relief. (webmd.com)
  • In the early stages, eye drops can reduce the amount of fluid your eye makes and help more liquid drain from it. (webmd.com)
  • If you have glaucoma, don't use eye drops with vasoconstrictors -- decongestants that make blood vessels in your eye smaller. (webmd.com)
  • Prompt treatment with antiviral eye drops or gel can help prevent damage. (webmd.com)
  • You'll get eye drops before to numb your eye and prevent pain. (webmd.com)
  • Several brands of eye drops may be contaminated. (yahoo.com)
  • Target, among others, removed eye drops from their shelves. (yahoo.com)
  • Although the FDA's advisory does mention that there haven't been any reports of eye infections caused by the drops, the agency warned customers to immediately stop using these drops. (yahoo.com)
  • Because iritis affects the front of the eye, it's usually treated with eye drops. (allaboutvision.com)
  • If you have anterior uveitis, your doctor likely will prescribe, in addition to steroids, pupil-dilating eye drops to reduce pain. (allaboutvision.com)
  • You also may need eye drops to lower your intraocular pressure if you develop high eye pressure due to uveitis. (allaboutvision.com)
  • In general, you can expect that the application of some form of eye drops or ointments will be required to bring your cat relief. (pethealthnetwork.com)
  • The usual dosage is 1-2 drops every four eyes into the affected eyes for mild or moderate infections. (canadapharmacy.com)
  • Evaluation of the conjunctiva and external eye tissue using bright light and magnification. (aoa.org)
  • Bacterial Sinus Infection. (healthychildren.org)
  • It starts as a viral sinus infection. (healthychildren.org)
  • Thick nasal secretions that last over 14 days may point to a sinus infection. (healthychildren.org)
  • It could also be because of a sinus infection or injury. (pursuantmedia.com)
  • Sinus infection Problems with the sinuses often include feelings of pain in and around the face. (pursuantmedia.com)
  • At least one type of sinus infection - sphenoid sinusitis - is linked to an ache behind the eyes. (pursuantmedia.com)
  • In some cases, sneezing in cats can be caused by other factors such as nasal and sinus issues, infections, or even foreign bodies in the nasal passages. (tagvault.org)
  • Keep in mind that dry eye can be caused by multiple factors, including certain medications, medical conditions like thyroid problems and diabetes, using contact lenses and exposure to environmental irritants, the American Optometric Association (AOA) notes. (livestrong.com)
  • Mild dry eye can be treated with over-the-counter medications such as artificial tears. (healthline.com)
  • If you have an infection, you will need to take prescription medications. (healthline.com)
  • Not all forms of keratitis infections respond to medications in the same way. (healthline.com)
  • FHV cases are treated with anti-viral medications. (pethealthnetwork.com)
  • Luckily, there are effective medications that can cure chronic HCV infection and clear the body of the virus. (sequimgazette.com)
  • However, Tobrex should not be used simultaneously as other eye medications. (canadapharmacy.com)
  • This can happen if you come into contact with an infectious substance and then touch your eyes. (healthline.com)
  • This document updates previously published CDC recommendations for infection-control practices for dentistry (1-3) and offers guidance for reducing the risks of disease transmission among dental health-care workers (DHCWs) and their patients. (cdc.gov)
  • Herpesviruses establish latent permanent infections in their hosts, although clinical signs of disease may not be detected. (medscape.com)
  • Despite layers of protection, eyes are vulnerable to disease," the Cleveland Clinic explains. (yahoo.com)
  • The eyes are not immune to bacterial and viral infections. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Causative agents include toxins (such as excess alcohol or acetaminophen), genetic abnormalities, abnormalities of the immune system and infections. (sequimgazette.com)
  • It is important to note that kittens, elderly cats, and those who are unvaccinated or have a weakened immune system are at a higher risk of contracting these infections. (tagvault.org)
  • But if someone has a weak immune system or a pre-existing condition, these infections can be dangerous. (foxnews.com)
  • These infections are usually somewhat mild and go away on their own. (foxnews.com)
  • Data suggest that an association does exist between Brucella infection and certain chronic health conditions. (cdc.gov)
  • However, if you are at high risk of catching a cold or influenza or are at risk for developing complications from these infections, try to avoid crowded areas or people who are obviously sick during the flu season. (epnet.com)
  • Currently, there is no vaccine to prevent CMV infection. (medscape.com)
  • The induction of broad Gag-specific CD8+ T-cell responses may be a successful vaccine strategy, but such a vaccine will be most effective if tailored to the viral sequences prevailing, and thus may need to be modified periodically to keep pace with the evolving virus. (scienceblogs.com)
  • It goes without saying that an infection is a severity of your eye's ill-health. (apsense.com)
  • The treatments can vary according to the severity and type of your eye infections. (apsense.com)
  • Economical clear lenses that protect your eyes from splattering blood-borne pathogens. (ormco.com)
  • Upper respiratory tract infections occur in 20% to 25% of patients using Advair. (medicinenet.com)
  • It can also occur if you get sick and then the infection spreads to your eyes. (healthline.com)
  • Candida albicans infection of the mouth and throat may occur. (drugs.com)
  • When you have an upper respiratory infection, you may feel uncomfortable, have a stuffy nose, and sound very congested. (healthwise.net)
  • Pain from damaged nerves (postherpetic pain) that follows healing of shingles (a painful rash that comes after a herpes zoster infection) in adults. (rxlist.com)
  • Primary CMV infections may either be symptomatic or asymptomatic acquired either transplacentally or perinatally. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Bullous impetigo: This is a superficial bacterial skin infection with overlying crusted blisters. (abc7chicago.com)
  • This tiny drug implant (Retisert, Bausch+Lomb) is surgically implanted in the back of the eye, where it delivers sustained amounts of anti-inflammatory medication for treatment of uveitis. (allaboutvision.com)
  • Whether the steroid is administered as an eye drop , pill or injection depends on the type of uveitis you have. (allaboutvision.com)
  • Less commonly, the infection is spread from an infected mother to her baby during pregnancy, through sexual contact with a person infected with HCV, or by sharing items like razors or toothbrushes with an infected person. (sequimgazette.com)
  • It's hard not to stare into our cat's eyes and get a little lost in their beauty. (petinsurancereview.com)
  • This conditions describes when the tissues surrounding the cat's eye become irritated and inflamed. (petinsurancereview.com)
  • As soon as you notice any clouding of your cat's eyes, make an appointment to see your vet. (petinsurancereview.com)
  • This tearing generally happens when a cat's eyes are inflamed and in pain. (petinsurancereview.com)
  • Cataracts develop when the lens of your cat's eye thickens, creating a cloudy appearance. (petinsurancereview.com)
  • It's not surprising, then, that your cat's eyes are also sensitive to developing keratoconjunctivitis. (pethealthnetwork.com)
  • Your veterinarian will, of course, need to do a thorough examination of your cat's eyes (checking for any abnormalities, ulcers, and adequate tear production and vision deficits). (pethealthnetwork.com)
  • In cases of FHV infections, small scrapings of tissues from your cat's eyes may be examined for evidence of the virus, and special blood tests for the virus can be performed. (pethealthnetwork.com)
  • Keratitis can be caused by an infection or injury to the eye. (healthline.com)
  • This type of infection is called Acanthamoeba keratitis. (healthline.com)
  • Keratitis may be transmitted through an infection. (healthline.com)
  • A slit lamp works by magnifying the structures within your eye so your doctor can get a closer look at any damage being caused by keratitis. (healthline.com)
  • Together, these results indicate an increasing trend towards lasR mutations among keratitis isolates at a tertiary eye care hospital in the United States. (bvsalud.org)
  • Subjects and Controls: Deidentified P. aeruginosa keratitis isolates, XDR P. aeruginosa from eye drop outbreak, rabbits, saline, cefiderocol 50 mg/ml, ciprofloxacin 0.3%, and tobramycin 14 mg/ml. (bvsalud.org)
  • This eye condition is often related to an allergic reaction of some sort and may present as large bumps under the eyelids. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • They develop it when they come into contact with a substance that triggers an allergic reaction in their eyes. (aoa.org)
  • Although the study is not looking specifically at COVID(-19), we are interested in what we find in terms of the exposure in people who participate in the study … and if they have evidence of viral infections in their upper respiratory system," Magzamen said. (collegian.com)
  • It can develop through exposure to the coughing or sneezing of someone with an upper respiratory tract infection. (aoa.org)
  • It is important to note that upper respiratory infections in cats can mimic other respiratory conditions such as rhinitis and sinusitis. (tagvault.org)
  • Skin Infections (SCB) reported as 2% or 60 cases of the total patient consultations. (who.int)
  • then monitored viremia titers, clinical outcomes, viral shedding in cloacal and oral cavities, persistence of viral infections in organs, and development of neutralizing antibodies. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 5 , 6 ] In a localized primary infection, the virus penetrates the mucosal epithelium and invades the cells of the basal layer, where the viral DNA inserts into the host DNA. (medscape.com)
  • Recommended infection-control practices are applicable to all settings in which dental treatment is provided. (cdc.gov)
  • Treatment depends on what is causing the infection. (healthline.com)
  • Self-treatment of eyes at home is easy when you follow your doctor's prescriptions or manuals of your prescribed drugs. (apsense.com)
  • Unlike transient dry eyes from environmental conditions or irritants, Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) is a specific, medical condition that requires long term treatment. (pethealthnetwork.com)
  • It has also now been successfully used in treatment of infants with congenital CMV infections. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Treatment does not cure the infection but slows the virus' ability to damage the liver. (sequimgazette.com)
  • Tobrex is a prescription eye medication for the treatment of certain types of eye infections. (canadapharmacy.com)
  • Routine vaccination can prevent rubella and many viral infections. (msdmanuals.com)