Quercus
Trees
Spatial arrangement of branches in relation to slope and neighbourhood competition. (1/58)
To gain a better understanding of the effects of spatial structure on patterns of neighbourhood competition among hardwood trees, the three-dimensional extension of primary branches was surveyed for ten community-grown Castanea crenata (Fagaceae) trees with respect to the positioning of neighbouring branches and the slope of the forest floor. There were significantly more branches extending towards the lower side of the slope than towards the upper side, but structural properties such as branch length and vertical angle were not affected by slope. When horizontal extension of a branch towards its neighbour was compared for a C. crenata branch and a neighbouring heterospecific, the former was significantly narrower than the latter when the inter-branch distance (horizontal distance between the base positions of two neighbouring branches) was short (< approx. 5 m). Castanea crenata branches tended to extend in a direction avoiding neighbouring branches of heterospecifics when the inter-branch distance was short. Furthermore, for an inter-branch distance <3 m, the horizontal extension of a C. crenata branch was less when it was neighbouring a heterospecific branch than when neighbouring a conspecific branch. These results suggest that horizontal extension of C. crenata branches is more prone to spatial invasion by nearby neighbouring branches of heterospecifics, and that the invasion can be lessened when C. crenata trees are spatially aggregated. The reason why such an arrangement occurs is discussed in relation to the later leaf-flush of C. crenata compared with that of other species in the forest. (+info)Genetic variation of Trigonobalanus verticillata, a primitive species of Fagaceae, in Malaysia revealed by chloroplast sequences and AFLP markers. (2/58)
The genetic variation of Trigonobalanus verticillata, the most recently described genus of Fagaceae, was studied using chloroplast DNA sequences and AFLP fingerprinting. This species has a restricted distribution that is known to include seven localities in tropical lower montane forests in Malaysia and Indonesia. A total of 75 individuals were collected from Bario, Kinabalu, and Fraser's Hill in Malaysia. The sequences of rbcL, matK, and three non-coding regions (atpB-rbcL spacer, trnL intron, and trnL-trnF spacer) were determined for 19 individuals from these populations. We found a total of 30 nucleotide substitutions and four length variations, which allowed identification of three haplotypes characterizing each population. No substitutions were detected within populations, while the tandem repeats in the trnL -trnF spacer had a variable repeat number of a 20-bp motif only in Kinabalu. The differentiation of the populations inferred from the cpDNA molecular clock calibrated with paleontological data was estimated to be 8.3 MYA between Bario and Kinabalu, and 16.7 MYA between Fraser's Hill and the other populations. In AFLP analysis, four selective primer pairs yielded a total of 431 loci, of which 340 (78.9%) were polymorphic. The results showed relatively high gene diversity (H(S) = 0.153 and H(T) = 0.198) and nucleotide diversity (pi(S) = 0.0132 and pi(T) = 0.0168) both within and among the populations. Although the cpDNA data suggest that little or no gene flow occurred between the populations via seeds, the fixation index estimated from AFLP data (F(ST) = 0.153 and N(ST) = 0.214) implies that some gene flow occurs between populations, possibly through pollen transfer. (+info)'Candidatus Phytoplasma castaneae', a novel phytoplasma taxon associated with chestnut witches' broom disease. (3/58)
In Korea, Japanese chestnut trees (Castanea crenata Sieb. and Zucc.) showing symptoms indicative of witches' broom disease, including abnormally small leaves and yellowing of young leaves, were examined. Since the symptoms were suggestive of a phytoplasma infection, tissues were assayed for phytoplasmas by PCR analysis using a pair of universal primers that amplify a 1.4-kbp phytoplasma 16S rDNA fragment. The phytoplasma-specific fragment was amplified from diseased plants, but not from healthy plants, indicating that a phytoplasma was the causal agent of the chestnut witches' broom (CnWB) disease. The phylogenetic relationship of the CnWB phytoplasma to other phytoplasmas was examined by sequence analysis of the 16S rDNA. A phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences of the phytoplasmas placed the CnWB phytoplasma within a distinct subgroup in the phytoplasma clade of the class Mollicutes. The phylogenetic tree indicated that the CnWB phytoplasma is related most closely to coconut phytoplasmas and suggested that they share a common ancestor. The unique properties of the CnWB phytoplasma sequences clearly establish that it represents a novel taxon, 'Candidatus Phytoplasma castaneae'. (+info)Proliferation, maturation and germination of Castanea sativa Mill. Somatic embryos originated from leaf explants. (4/58)
Experiments were performed to determine the influence of proliferation medium on the maintenance of embryogenic competence and on repetitive embryogenesis in Castanea sativa Mill. somatic embryos derived from leaf explants. Somatic embryo proliferation was carried out by both direct secondary embryogenesis and by the culture of nodular callus tissue originated from cotyledons of somatic embryos. Both systems led to the production of cotyledonary somatic embryos on Murashige and Skoog proliferation medium supplemented with 0.1 mg l-1 benzyladenine and 0.1 mg l-1 naphthaleneacetic acid. Carbon source and concentration had a marked influence on maturation and subsequent germination ability of chestnut somatic embryos. Plantlet conversion was achieved in embryos matured on media with 6 % sucrose, and on 3 or 6 % maltose, whereas mean shoot length, root length and leaf number of produced plants were not significantly affected by these maturation media. Overall, the best results were obtained with 3 % maltose-matured somatic embryos, giving rise to 6 % plant recovery in addition to 33 % of embryos exhibiting only shoot development. The application of a 2-month cold treatment at 4 degrees C to somatic embryos matured on medium with 3 % maltose was necessary for achieving plant conversion, while partial desiccation did not appear to influence this response. A total of 39 % of embryos eventually produced plants either through conversion to plantlets or indirectly through rooting of shoots. Shoots formed by somatic embryos could be excised, multiplied and rooted following the micropropagation procedures previously developed for chestnut. (+info)Protein cryoprotective activity of a cytosolic small heat shock protein that accumulates constitutively in chestnut stems and is up-regulated by low and high temperatures. (5/58)
Heat shock, and other stresses that cause protein misfolding and aggregation, trigger the accumulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in virtually all organisms. Among the HSPs of higher plants, those belonging to the small HSP (sHSP) family remain the least characterized in functional terms. We analyzed the occurrence of sHSPs in vegetative organs of Castanea sativa (sweet chestnut), a temperate woody species that exhibits remarkable freezing tolerance. A constitutive sHSP subject to seasonal periodic changes of abundance was immunodetected in stems. This protein was identified by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry and internal peptide sequencing as CsHSP17.5, a cytosolic class I sHSP previously described in cotyledons. Expression of the corresponding gene in stems was confirmed through cDNA cloning and reverse transcription-PCR. Stem protein and mRNA profiles indicated that CsHSP17.5 is significantly up-regulated in spring and fall, reaching maximal levels in late summer and, especially, in winter. In addition, cold exposure was found to quickly activate shsp gene expression in both stems and roots of chestnut seedlings kept in growth chambers. Our main finding is that purified CsHSP17.5 is very effective in protecting the cold-labile enzyme lactate dehydrogenase from freeze-induced inactivation (on a molar basis, CsHSP17.5 is about 400 times more effective as cryoprotectant than hen egg-white lysozyme). Consistent with these observations, repeated freezing/thawing did not affect appreciably the chaperone activity of diluted CsHSP17.5 nor its ability to form dodecameric complexes in vitro. Taken together, these results substantiate the hypothesis that sHSPs can play relevant roles in the acquisition of freezing tolerance. (+info)Winter disruption of the circadian clock in chestnut. (6/58)
Circadian clock performance during winter dormancy has been investigated in chestnut by using as marker genes CsTOC1 and CsLHY, which are homologous to essential components of the central circadian oscillator in Arabidopsis. During vegetative growth, mRNA levels of these two genes in chestnut seedlings and adult plants cycled daily, as expected. However, during winter dormancy, CsTOC1 and CsLHY mRNA levels were high and did not oscillate, indicating that the circadian clock was altered. A similar disruption was induced by chilling chestnut seedlings (to 4 degrees C). Normal cycling resumed when endodormant or cold-treated plants were returned to 22 degrees C. The behavior of CsTOC1 and CsLHY during a cold response reveals a relevant aspect of clock regulation not yet encountered in Arabidopsis. (+info)Chestnut as a food allergen: identification of major allergens. (7/58)
To evaluate the clinical significance of chestnut as a food allergen in Korea, skin prick test and ELISA were done in 1,738 patients with respiratory allergies. To identify the IgE binding components, IgE-immunoblotting, 2D IgE-immunoblotting and MALDITOF were performed. To observe the effects of digestive enzymes and a boiling treatment, simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluids (SIF) were incubated with chestnut extracts, and IgE-immunoblotting were then repeated. Skin prick test revealed that 56 (3.2%) patients showed more than 2+ of allergen to histamine ratio to chestnut. Among the 21 IgE binding components, 9 bands were found in more than 50% of the sera tested and the 24 kDa protein had the highest binding intensity. The amino acid sequence of the 24 kDa protein (pI 6.3) had homology with legume protein of oak tree. SGF, SIF and boiling treatment were able to suppress the IgE binding components. In conclusion, chestnut ingestion was shown to induce IgE mediated responses with a 3.2% sensitization rate. Twenty one IgE binding components and one new allergen (the 24 kDa protein) were identified. Digestive enzymes and boiling treatment were able to decrease the allergenic potency. (+info)Rising atmospheric CO2 reduces sequestration of root-derived soil carbon. (8/58)
Forests have a key role as carbon sinks, which could potentially mitigate the continuing increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and associated climate change. We show that carbon dioxide enrichment, although causing short-term growth stimulation in a range of European tree species, also leads to an increase in soil microbial respiration and a marked decline in sequestration of root-derived carbon in the soil. These findings indicate that, should similar processes operate in forest ecosystems, the size of the annual terrestrial carbon sink may be substantially reduced, resulting in a positive feedback on the rate of increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. (+info)Fagaceae is a family of plants that includes beeches, oaks, and chestnuts. It is a group of woody trees and shrubs that are widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, with some species also found in South America and Southeast Asia. The family is characterized by simple, lobed leaves and hard, durable woods. Many species in this family produce nuts that are an important food source for both wildlife and humans. In a medical context, Fagaceae may be mentioned in relation to allergies or other health effects associated with exposure to the pollen, leaves, or nuts of these plants.
"Quercus" is not a medical term. It is the genus name for oak trees in the plant kingdom, specifically within the family Fagaceae. Some people may confuse it with "Quercetin," which is a type of flavonoid antioxidant commonly found in many plants, including oak trees. Quercetin has been studied for its potential health benefits, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but it is not specific to oak trees.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "trees" is not a medical term. It is a common term used in various fields, including biology, ecology, and dendrology, to refer to a woody perennial plant with a single stem or trunk that supports branches and leaves in most species.
If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, please provide more context so I can offer an accurate and helpful response.
Microsatellite repeats, also known as short tandem repeats (STRs), are repetitive DNA sequences made up of units of 1-6 base pairs that are repeated in a head-to-tail manner. These repeats are spread throughout the human genome and are highly polymorphic, meaning they can have different numbers of repeat units in different individuals.
Microsatellites are useful as genetic markers because of their high degree of variability. They are commonly used in forensic science to identify individuals, in genealogy to trace ancestry, and in medical research to study genetic diseases and disorders. Mutations in microsatellite repeats have been associated with various neurological conditions, including Huntington's disease and fragile X syndrome.
Fagaceae
Boletus pallidus
Lithocarpus
Tylopilus tabacinus
Fagus hayatae
Lithocarpus formosanus
Pulveroboletus ravenelii
Nothofagus alpina
Phylloporus leucomycelinus
Lithocarpus revolutus
Tylopilus rubrobrunneus
Quercus humboldtii
Nothofagus betuloides
Nothofagus antarctica
Lithocarpus encleisacarpus
Leccinellum albellum
Quercus copeyensis
Nothofagus glauca
Nothofagus dombeyi
Leccinum rugosiceps
Lithocarpus dodonaeifolius
Lignotuber
Nothofagus cunninghamii
Boletus roseolateritius
Xerocomellus zelleri
Boletus miniato-olivaceus
Nothofagus pumilio
Castanopsis
APG IV system
Quercus calophylla
Fagaceae - Wikipedia
Fagaceae (beeches, oaks, etc.) | Page 3 | UBC Botanical Garden Forums
Fagaceae
Fagaceae (Oak) Family
POST-DISPERSAL SEED PREDATION VARIES BY HABITAT NOT ACORN SIZE FOR QUERCUS CHRYSOLEPIS (FAGACEAE) AND LITHOCARPUS DENSIFLORA ...
Quercus alba (Fagaceae) - unspecified - unspecified
FAGACEAE Quercus skinneri - Insidewood Images
Judi Online Archives - fagaceae.org
Fagaceae - Collections
EcoFlora - Fagaceae
Lithocarpus grandifolius - FAGACEAE
Ronney:Fagaceae - Wikipedia
Fagaceae detail - FSUS
Quercus hystrix FAGACEAE
User:Tintazul/Plantae - Wikimedia Commons
Quercus alba (Fagaceae) image 1513 at
Quercus myrsinifolia (Fagaceae) image 35548 at
Photos - images of family Fagaceae (Fagaceae)
Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin
Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin
Fagaceae - Quercus - emoryi (High Resolution images - Identification Keys)
Plants of Texas Rangelands » Families » Fagaceae (Beech family)
Plants of Texas Rangelands » Families » Fagaceae (Beech family)
Fagaceae - Quercus - xalapensis (High Resolution images - Identification Keys)
Fagaceae - Christian K nig , Christian Konig Photography - CK Photography
Florida Native Plant Society (FNPS)
One New Species of the Cyclobalanopsis(Fagaceae) from Hainan Island
Apidologie
Quercus5
- Members of the Fagaceae (such as Fagus grandifolia, Castanea dentata and Quercus alba in the Northeastern United States, or Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur and Q. petraea in Europe) are often ecologically dominant in northern temperate forests. (wikipedia.org)
- Both Oaks and Chinquapins may be propagated from their nuts, and are useful additions to native gardens.On Montara Mountain, Fagaceae members include the Golden Chinquapin ( Chrysolepis chrysophylla minor ) and the Coast Live Oak ( Quercus agrifolia ). (montara.com)
- Estudio polínico de Quercus robur L. en el noroeste de la península Ibérica. (botany.pl)
- Pollen grain morphology supports the taxonomical discrimination of Mediterraneae oaks (Quercus, Fagaceae). (botany.pl)
- Significance of pollen characteristics for infrageneric classification and phylogeny in Quercus (Fagaceae). (botany.pl)
Species9
- Fagaceae in temperate regions are mostly deciduous, whereas in the tropics, many species occur as evergreen trees and shrubs. (wikipedia.org)
- about 40 species from the Southern Hemisphere), formerly included in the Fagaceae, is now treated in the separate family Nothofagaceae. (wikipedia.org)
- More than 400 species of Fagaceae, mostly Castanopsis and Lithocarpus, grow in tropical Southeast Asia, with some species in similar dominant roles over large areas. (wikipedia.org)
- Polyploidy has not been reported in any natural populations of species of Fagaceae. (asu.edu)
- One New Species of the Cyclobalanopsis(Fagaceae) from Hainan Island[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2007, 27(1): 1-2. (nefu.edu.cn)
- Cyclobalanopsis reclinatocaulis ,A New Species of Fagaceae from Fujian Province [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2020, 40(1): 10-14. (nefu.edu.cn)
- Lithocarpus Blume is the second largest genus of the family Fagaceae, comprising 341 species (The Plant List 2013). (botanyvn.com)
- In Vietnam, the species of Fagaceae are highly diversified and can be seen in various forest types, from dry evergreen forest at lowland to montane evergreen forest at high mountains. (botanyvn.com)
- As for Fagaceae, 90 species, including 30 species of Lithocarpus, are recorded from Lam Dong Province (Ho 2003, Ban 2005, Dung 2005). (botanyvn.com)
Genus1
- The Southern Hemisphere genus Nothofagus, commonly the southern beeches, was historically placed in the Fagaceae sister to the genus Fagus, but recent molecular evidence suggests otherwise. (wikipedia.org)
Family2
- The Fagaceae (Oak Family) members are trees and shrubs with alternate leaves. (montara.com)
- 2013, Vuong and Xia 2014), indicating that taxonomic studies of the family Fagaceae in Vietnam are still required. (botanyvn.com)
Morphology2
- Monophyly of the Fagaceae is strongly supported by both morphological (especially fruit morphology) and molecular data. (wikipedia.org)
- While Nothofagus shares a number of common characteristics with the Fagaceae, such as cupule fruit structure, it differs significantly in a number of ways, including distinct stipule and pollen morphology, as well as having a different number of chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
Oaks2
- Fagaceae is one of the most ecologically important woody plant families in the Northern Hemisphere, as oaks form the backbone of temperate forest in North America, Europe, and Asia, and are one of the most significant sources of wildlife food. (wikipedia.org)
- Fagaceae (beeches, oaks, etc. (ubcbotanicalgarden.org)
Genera1
- The Fagaceae are often divided into five or six subfamilies and are generally accepted to include 8 (to 10) genera (listed below). (wikipedia.org)
Families1
- Fagaceae are one of the most important families of Northern Hemisphere woody plants in terms of total biomass and economic use. (asu.edu)
Citation1
- citation needed] The Fagaceae are widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere. (wikipedia.org)
Fagus3
- The Southern Hemisphere genus Nothofagus, commonly the southern beeches, was historically placed in the Fagaceae sister to the genus Fagus, but recent molecular evidence suggests otherwise. (wikipedia.org)
- Members of the Fagaceae (such as Fagus grandifolia, Castanea dentata and Quercus alba in the Northeastern United States, or Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur and Q. petraea in Europe) are often ecologically dominant in northern temperate forests. (wikipedia.org)
- Porodica Fagaceae obuhvaća rodove Quercus, Fagus i Castanea koji su rasprostranjeni diljem Europe. (unios.hr)
Lithocarpus1
- Lithocarpus ewyckii is named after D.J. van Ewijck van Oostbroek en De Bilt, the officer of the Dutch Colonial Service. (mybis.gov.my)
Cupule1
- While Nothofagus shares a number of common characteristics with the Fagaceae, such as cupule fruit structure, it differs significantly in a number of ways, including distinct stipule and pollen morphology, as well as having a different number of chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
Plants1
- Fagaceae are one of the most important families of Northern Hemisphere woody plants in terms of total biomass and economic use. (intermountainbiota.org)
White1
- They can be viewed en masse by placing the cap of a mushroom on a piece of white paper and covering it with a glass (Plate 3). (fao.org)
Important1
- Several members of the Fagaceae have important economic uses. (wikipedia.org)