Glioma
Brain Neoplasms
Glioblastoma
Astrocytoma
Optic Nerve Glioma
Brain Stem Neoplasms
Dacarbazine
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating
Supratentorial Neoplasms
Neoplasm Grading
Mice, Nude
Neoplasm Transplantation
Gliosarcoma
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase
Nimustine
Central Nervous System Neoplasms
Meningioma
Apoptosis
Phenotypic analysis of human glioma cells expressing the MMAC1 tumor suppressor phosphatase. (1/5863)
MMAC1, also known as PTEN or TEP-1, was recently identified as a gene commonly mutated in a variety of human neoplasias. Sequence analysis revealed that MMAC1 harbored sequences similar to those found in several protein phosphatases. Subsequent studies demonstrated that MMAC1 possessed in vitro enzymatic activity similar to that exhibited by dual specificity phosphatases. To characterize the potential cellular functions of MMAC1, we expressed wild-type and several mutant variants of MMAC1 in the human glioma cell line, U373, that lacks endogenous expression. While expression of wild-type MMAC1 in these cells significantly reduced their growth rate and saturation density, expression of enzymatically inactive MMAC1 significantly enhanced growth in soft agar. Our observations indicate that while wild-type MMAC1 exhibits activities compatible with its proposed role as a tumor suppressor, cellular expression of MMAC1 containing mutations in the catalytic domain may yield protein products that enhance transformation characteristics. (+info)Differential stability of the DNA-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit mRNA in human glioma cells. (2/5863)
DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) functions in double-strand break repair and immunoglobulin [V(D)J] recombination. We previously established a radiation-sensitive human cell line, M059J, derived from a malignant glioma, which lacks the catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) of the DNA-PK multiprotein complex. Although previous Northern blot analysis failed to detect the DNA-PKcs transcript in these cells, we show here through quantitative studies that the transcript is present, albeit at greatly reduced (approximately 20x) levels. Sequencing revealed no genetic alteration in either the promoter region, the kinase domain, or the 3' untranslated region of the DNA-PKcs gene to account for the reduced transcript levels. Nuclear run-on transcription assays indicated that the rate of DNA-PKcs transcription in M059J and DNA-PKcs proficient cell lines was similar, but the stability of the DNA-PKcs message in the M059J cell line was drastically (approximately 20x) reduced. Furthermore, M059J cells lack an alternately spliced DNA-PKcs transcript that accounts for a minor (5-20%) proportion of the DNA-PKcs message in all other cell lines tested. Thus, alterations in DNA-PKcs mRNA stability and/or the lack of the alternate mRNA may result in the loss of DNA-PKcs activity. This finding has important implications as DNA-PKcs activity is essential to cells repairing damage induced by radiation or radiomimetric agents. (+info)Transduction of glioma cells using a high-titer retroviral vector system and their subsequent migration in brain tumors. (3/5863)
The intracranial migration of transduced glioma cells was investigated in order to improve the treatment of malignant glioma by gene therapy using retroviral vectors. In this study, about half the volume of the tumor mass could be transduced in 14 days after only a single implantation of 3 x 10(5) retrovirus-producing cells into a tumor mass with a diameter of 5 mm. Moreover, we were able to follow the migration of glioma cells transduced by the lacZ-harboring retroviruses originating from the high-titer retrovirus-producing cells. Besides the importance of using a high-titer retroviral vector system, our results also indicate that the implantation site of the virus-producing cells and the interval between the implantation of the virus-producing cells and the subsequent administration of ganciclovir are important factors for the efficient killing of glioma cells. (+info)Antiangiogenesis treatment for gliomas: transfer of antisense-vascular endothelial growth factor inhibits tumor growth in vivo. (4/5863)
Presently, there is no effective treatment for glioblastoma, the most malignant and common brain tumor. Angiogenic factors are potentially optimal targets for therapeutic strategies because they are essential for tumor growth and progression. In this study, we sought a strategy for efficiently delivering an antisense cDNA molecule of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to glioma cells. The recombinant adenoviral vector Ad5CMV-alphaVEGF carried the coding sequence of wild-type VEGF165 cDNA in an antisense orientation. Infection of U-87 MG malignant glioma cells with the Ad5CMV-alphaVEGF resulted in reduction of the level of the endogenous VEGF mRNA and drastically decreased the production of the targeted secretory form of the VEGF protein. Treatment of s.c. human glioma tumors established in nude mice with intralesional injection of Ad5CMV-alphaVEGF inhibited tumor growth. Taken together, these findings indicate that the efficient down-regulation of the VEGF produced by tumoral cells using antisense strategies has an antitumor effect in vivo. This is the first time that an adenoviral vector is used to transfer antisense VEGF sequence into glioma cells in an animal model, and our results suggest that this system may have clinical and therapeutic utility. (+info)Homotypic and heterotypic interaction of the neurofibromatosis 2 tumor suppressor protein merlin and the ERM protein ezrin. (5/5863)
Ezrin, radixin and moesin (ERM) are homologous proteins, which are linkers between plasma membrane components and the actin-containing cytoskeleton. The ERM protein family members associate with each other in a homotypic and heterotypic manner. The neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) tumor suppressor protein merlin (schwannomin) is structurally related to ERM members. Merlin is involved in tumorigenesis of NF2-associated and sporadic schwannomas and meningiomas, but the tumor suppressor mechanism is poorly understood. We have studied the ability of merlin to self-associate and bind ezrin. Ezrin was coimmunoprecipitated with merlin from lysates of human U251 glioma cells and from COS-1 cells transfected with cDNA encoding for merlin isoform I. The interaction was further studied and the association domains were mapped with the yeast two-hybrid system and with blot overlay and affinity precipitation experiments. The heterotypic binding of merlin and ezrin and the homotypic association of merlin involves interaction between the amino- and carboxy-termini. The amino-terminal association domain of merlin involves residues 1-339 and has similar features with the amino-terminal association domain of ezrin. The carboxy-terminal association domain cannot be mapped as precisely as in ezrin, but it requires residues 585-595 and a more amino-terminal segment. Unlike ezrin, merlin does not require activation for self-association but native merlin molecules can interact with each other. Heterodimerization between merlin and ezrin, however, occurs only following conformational alterations in both proteins. These results biochemically connect merlin to the cortical cytoskeleton and indicate differential regulation of merlin from ERM proteins. (+info)Combination interferon-alpha2a and 13-cis-retinoic acid enhances radiosensitization of human malignant glioma cells in vitro. (6/5863)
We investigated the individual and combined effects of cis-retinoic acid (CRA) and/or IFN-alpha (IFN) and/or radiation therapy (RT) against a human glioma cell line (American Type Culture Collection; U373MG) to evaluate the possible radiosensitization properties of these agents in vitro. Glioma cells were incubated for 24 h in 96-well plates (2 x 10(2) cells/well) in standard culture medium. Sets of U373 (n = 12) were exposed to CRA (3 x 10(6) microM), IFN (25 units/ml), CRA plus IFN, or standard culture medium. After an additional 24 h of incubation, the U373 cells were subjected to increasing radiation doses (up to 16 Gy). Glioma cells were harvested 92 h after irradiation, and cell survival curves were determined from [3H]thymidine incorporation data (over the last 24 h). The experiment was repeated for both the untreated control group and the combined CRA/IFN group. To verify the [3H]thymidine assays, a clonogenic assay was also performed. Single cell suspensions of U373 cells were plated out in six-well plates (n = 3). After chemical and RT treatment, colonies of 50 cells or more were counted, and cell survival curves were generated as fractions of nonirradiated controls. The amount of RT (in Gy) that would cause a 50% survival fraction (lethal dose 50 or LD50) was calculated from the survival curves by regression analysis. The following LD50s were obtained: [table: see text] The results showed that for both the [3H]thymidine incorporation assay and the clonogenic assay, the combination of IFN/CRA rendered U373 cells more susceptible to ionizing radiation than the untreated control or either single agent alone. (+info)Imaging adenoviral-directed reporter gene expression in living animals with positron emission tomography. (7/5863)
We are developing quantitative assays to repeatedly and noninvasively image expression of reporter genes in living animals, using positron emission tomography (PET). We synthesized positron-emitting 8-[18F]fluoroganciclovir (FGCV) and demonstrated that this compound is a substrate for the herpes simplex virus 1 thymidine kinase enzyme (HSV1-TK). Using positron-emitting FGCV as a PET reporter probe, we imaged adenovirus-directed hepatic expression of the HSV1-tk reporter gene in living mice. There is a significant positive correlation between the percent injected dose of FGCV retained per gram of liver and the levels of hepatic HSV1-tk reporter gene expression (r2 > 0.80). Over a similar range of HSV1-tk expression in vivo, the percent injected dose retained per gram of liver was 0-23% for ganciclovir and 0-3% for FGCV. Repeated, noninvasive, and quantitative imaging of PET reporter gene expression should be a valuable tool for studies of human gene therapy, of organ/cell transplantation, and of both environmental and behavioral modulation of gene expression in transgenic mice. (+info)In vitro inhibition of binding of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha by monoclonal antibody to TNF receptor on glioma cell and monocyte. (8/5863)
The use of monoclonal antibodies to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors, the TNF-p55 receptor (TNF-p55R) and the TNF-p75 receptor (TNF-p75R), was evaluated to reduce the effects of TNF caused by binding to TNF-p75R. Competitive binding of anti-TNF-p55R (mAbp55R) and anti-TNF-p75R monoclonal antibodies (mAbp75R) with iodine-125-labeled TNF-alpha to GL-9 glioma cells and U937 histiocytic lymphoma cells was evaluated. The effects of mAbp55R and mAbp75R on the growth suppression by TNF-alpha of GL-9 cells and TNF-alpha production in U937 cells were also examined. mAbp75R bound to U937 cells competitively with TNF-alpha and suppressed TNF-alpha production by U937, but had no effect on the growth inhibition of GL-9 human glioma cell by TNF-alpha in vitro. These findings suggest that co-administration of TNF-p75R antagonist with TNF-alpha may decrease the toxicity of TNF-alpha administration resulting in a better therapeutic result. (+info)A glioma is a type of tumor that originates from the glial cells in the brain. Glial cells are non-neuronal cells that provide support and protection for nerve cells (neurons) within the central nervous system, including providing nutrients, maintaining homeostasis, and insulating neurons.
Gliomas can be classified into several types based on the specific type of glial cell from which they originate. The most common types include:
1. Astrocytoma: Arises from astrocytes, a type of star-shaped glial cells that provide structural support to neurons.
2. Oligodendroglioma: Develops from oligodendrocytes, which produce the myelin sheath that insulates nerve fibers.
3. Ependymoma: Originate from ependymal cells, which line the ventricles (fluid-filled spaces) in the brain and spinal cord.
4. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM): A highly aggressive and malignant type of astrocytoma that tends to spread quickly within the brain.
Gliomas can be further classified based on their grade, which indicates how aggressive and fast-growing they are. Lower-grade gliomas tend to grow more slowly and may be less aggressive, while higher-grade gliomas are more likely to be aggressive and rapidly growing.
Symptoms of gliomas depend on the location and size of the tumor but can include headaches, seizures, cognitive changes, and neurological deficits such as weakness or paralysis in certain parts of the body. Treatment options for gliomas may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.
Brain neoplasms, also known as brain tumors, are abnormal growths of cells within the brain. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign brain tumors typically grow slowly and do not spread to other parts of the body. However, they can still cause serious problems if they press on sensitive areas of the brain. Malignant brain tumors, on the other hand, are cancerous and can grow quickly, invading surrounding brain tissue and spreading to other parts of the brain or spinal cord.
Brain neoplasms can arise from various types of cells within the brain, including glial cells (which provide support and insulation for nerve cells), neurons (nerve cells that transmit signals in the brain), and meninges (the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord). They can also result from the spread of cancer cells from other parts of the body, known as metastatic brain tumors.
Symptoms of brain neoplasms may vary depending on their size, location, and growth rate. Common symptoms include headaches, seizures, weakness or paralysis in the limbs, difficulty with balance and coordination, changes in speech or vision, confusion, memory loss, and changes in behavior or personality.
Treatment for brain neoplasms depends on several factors, including the type, size, location, and grade of the tumor, as well as the patient's age and overall health. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these approaches. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for recurrence and manage any long-term effects of treatment.
Glioblastoma, also known as Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is a highly aggressive and malignant type of brain tumor that arises from the glial cells in the brain. These tumors are characterized by their rapid growth, invasion into surrounding brain tissue, and resistance to treatment.
Glioblastomas are composed of various cell types, including astrocytes and other glial cells, which make them highly heterogeneous and difficult to treat. They typically have a poor prognosis, with a median survival rate of 14-15 months from the time of diagnosis, even with aggressive treatment.
Symptoms of glioblastoma can vary depending on the location and size of the tumor but may include headaches, seizures, nausea, vomiting, memory loss, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, changes in personality or behavior, and weakness or paralysis on one side of the body.
Standard treatment for glioblastoma typically involves surgical resection of the tumor, followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide. However, despite these treatments, glioblastomas often recur, leading to a poor overall prognosis.
Astrocytoma is a type of brain tumor that arises from astrocytes, which are star-shaped glial cells in the brain. These tumors can occur in various parts of the brain and can have different grades of malignancy, ranging from low-grade (I or II) to high-grade (III or IV). Low-grade astrocytomas tend to grow slowly and may not cause any symptoms for a long time, while high-grade astrocytomas are more aggressive and can grow quickly, causing neurological problems.
Symptoms of astrocytoma depend on the location and size of the tumor but may include headaches, seizures, weakness or numbness in the limbs, difficulty speaking or swallowing, changes in vision or behavior, and memory loss. Treatment options for astrocytomas include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches. The prognosis for astrocytoma varies widely depending on the grade and location of the tumor, as well as the age and overall health of the patient.
An Optic Nerve Glioma is a type of brain tumor that arises from the glial cells (supportive tissue) within the optic nerve. It is most commonly seen in children, particularly those with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). These tumors are typically slow-growing and may not cause any symptoms, especially if they are small. However, as they grow larger, they can put pressure on the optic nerve, leading to vision loss or other visual disturbances. In some cases, these tumors can also affect nearby structures in the brain, causing additional neurological symptoms. Treatment options may include observation, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery, depending on the size and location of the tumor, as well as the patient's age and overall health.
Brain stem neoplasms refer to tumors that originate in the brainstem, which is the lower part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord. These tumors can be benign or malignant and can arise from various types of cells within the brainstem, such as nerve cells, glial cells (which support and protect nerve cells), or cells that make up blood vessels.
Brain stem neoplasms are relatively rare, accounting for about 2% of all primary brain tumors. They can cause a variety of symptoms depending on their size and location, including headache, vomiting, double vision, difficulty swallowing, facial weakness, and problems with balance and coordination. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, depending on the type, location, and extent of the tumor.
A cell line that is derived from tumor cells and has been adapted to grow in culture. These cell lines are often used in research to study the characteristics of cancer cells, including their growth patterns, genetic changes, and responses to various treatments. They can be established from many different types of tumors, such as carcinomas, sarcomas, and leukemias. Once established, these cell lines can be grown and maintained indefinitely in the laboratory, allowing researchers to conduct experiments and studies that would not be feasible using primary tumor cells. It is important to note that tumor cell lines may not always accurately represent the behavior of the original tumor, as they can undergo genetic changes during their time in culture.
Dacarbazine is a medical term that refers to a chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of various types of cancer. It is an alkylating agent, which means it works by modifying the DNA of cancer cells, preventing them from dividing and growing. Dacarbazine is often used to treat malignant melanoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and soft tissue sarcomas.
The drug is typically administered intravenously in a hospital or clinic setting, and the dosage and schedule may vary depending on the type and stage of cancer being treated, as well as the patient's overall health and response to treatment. Common side effects of dacarbazine include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weakness or fatigue. More serious side effects, such as low white blood cell counts, anemia, and liver damage, may also occur.
It is important for patients receiving dacarbazine to follow their doctor's instructions carefully and report any unusual symptoms or side effects promptly. Regular monitoring of blood counts and other laboratory tests may be necessary to ensure safe and effective treatment.
'Tumor cells, cultured' refers to the process of removing cancerous cells from a tumor and growing them in controlled laboratory conditions. This is typically done by isolating the tumor cells from a patient's tissue sample, then placing them in a nutrient-rich environment that promotes their growth and multiplication.
The resulting cultured tumor cells can be used for various research purposes, including the study of cancer biology, drug development, and toxicity testing. They provide a valuable tool for researchers to better understand the behavior and characteristics of cancer cells outside of the human body, which can lead to the development of more effective cancer treatments.
It is important to note that cultured tumor cells may not always behave exactly the same way as they do in the human body, so findings from cell culture studies must be validated through further research, such as animal models or clinical trials.
Antineoplastic agents, alkylating, are a class of chemotherapeutic drugs that work by alkylating (adding alkyl groups) to DNA, which can lead to the death or dysfunction of cancer cells. These agents can form cross-links between strands of DNA, preventing DNA replication and transcription, ultimately leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (programmed cell death). Examples of alkylating agents include cyclophosphamide, melphalan, and cisplatin. While these drugs are designed to target rapidly dividing cancer cells, they can also affect normal cells that divide quickly, such as those in the bone marrow and digestive tract, leading to side effects like anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and nausea/vomiting.
Supratentorial neoplasms refer to tumors that originate in the region of the brain located above the tentorium cerebelli, which is a dual layer of dura mater (the protective outer covering of the brain) that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum. This area includes the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland. Supratentorial neoplasms can be benign or malignant and may arise from various cell types such as neurons, glial cells, meninges, or blood vessels. They can cause a variety of neurological symptoms depending on their size, location, and rate of growth.
Neoplasm grading is a system used by pathologists to classify the degree of abnormality in cells that make up a tumor (neoplasm). It provides an assessment of how quickly the tumor is likely to grow and spread. The grade helps doctors predict the prognosis and determine the best treatment options.
Neoplasm grading typically involves evaluating certain cellular features under a microscope, such as:
1. Differentiation or degree of maturity: This refers to how closely the tumor cells resemble their normal counterparts in terms of size, shape, and organization. Well-differentiated tumors have cells that look more like normal cells and are usually slower growing. Poorly differentiated tumors have cells that appear very abnormal and tend to grow and spread more aggressively.
2. Mitotic count: This is the number of times the tumor cells divide (mitosis) within a given area. A higher mitotic count indicates a faster-growing tumor.
3. Necrosis: This refers to areas of dead tissue within the tumor. A significant amount of necrosis may suggest a more aggressive tumor.
Based on these and other factors, pathologists assign a grade to the tumor using a standardized system, such as the Bloom-Richardson or Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grading systems for breast cancer or the Fuhrman grading system for kidney cancer. The grade usually consists of a number or a range (e.g., G1, G2, G3, or G4) or a combination of grades (e.g., low grade, intermediate grade, and high grade).
In general, higher-grade tumors have a worse prognosis than lower-grade tumors because they are more likely to grow quickly, invade surrounding tissues, and metastasize (spread) to other parts of the body. However, neoplasm grading is just one aspect of cancer diagnosis and treatment planning. Other factors, such as the stage of the disease, location of the tumor, patient's overall health, and specific molecular markers, are also considered when making treatment decisions.
"Nude mice" is a term used in the field of laboratory research to describe a strain of mice that have been genetically engineered to lack a functional immune system. Specifically, nude mice lack a thymus gland and have a mutation in the FOXN1 gene, which results in a failure to develop a mature T-cell population. This means that they are unable to mount an effective immune response against foreign substances or organisms.
The name "nude" refers to the fact that these mice also have a lack of functional hair follicles, resulting in a hairless or partially hairless phenotype. This feature is actually a secondary consequence of the same genetic mutation that causes their immune deficiency.
Nude mice are commonly used in research because their weakened immune system makes them an ideal host for transplanted tumors, tissues, and cells from other species, including humans. This allows researchers to study the behavior of these foreign substances in a living organism without the complication of an immune response. However, it's important to note that because nude mice lack a functional immune system, they must be kept in sterile conditions and are more susceptible to infection than normal mice.
Neoplasm transplantation is not a recognized or established medical procedure in the field of oncology. The term "neoplasm" refers to an abnormal growth of cells, which can be benign or malignant (cancerous). "Transplantation" typically refers to the surgical transfer of living cells, tissues, or organs from one part of the body to another or between individuals.
The concept of neoplasm transplantation may imply the transfer of cancerous cells or tissues from a donor to a recipient, which is not a standard practice due to ethical considerations and the potential harm it could cause to the recipient. In some rare instances, researchers might use laboratory animals to study the transmission and growth of human cancer cells, but this is done for scientific research purposes only and under strict regulatory guidelines.
In summary, there is no medical definition for 'Neoplasm Transplantation' as it does not represent a standard or ethical medical practice.
Gliosarcoma is a rare and aggressive type of brain tumor that arises from glial cells, which are the supportive cells in the brain. It is a subtype of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor in adults.
Gliosarcoma is characterized by the presence of both glial and sarcomatous components, with the latter resembling mesenchymal tissue such as bone, cartilage, or muscle. The tumor typically grows rapidly and can invade surrounding brain tissue, making it difficult to completely remove with surgery.
The exact cause of gliosarcoma is not known, but risk factors may include exposure to ionizing radiation, certain genetic conditions, and a history of other types of brain tumors. Symptoms can vary depending on the location and size of the tumor, but may include headaches, seizures, weakness, numbness, or changes in vision, speech, or behavior.
Treatment for gliosarcoma typically involves surgery to remove as much of the tumor as possible, followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy. However, despite aggressive treatment, the prognosis for patients with gliosarcoma is generally poor, with a median survival time of less than one year.
Neoplasm invasiveness is a term used in pathology and oncology to describe the aggressive behavior of cancer cells as they invade surrounding tissues and organs. This process involves the loss of cell-to-cell adhesion, increased motility and migration, and the ability of cancer cells to degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) through the production of enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).
Invasive neoplasms are cancers that have spread beyond the original site where they first developed and have infiltrated adjacent tissues or structures. This is in contrast to non-invasive or in situ neoplasms, which are confined to the epithelial layer where they originated and have not yet invaded the underlying basement membrane.
The invasiveness of a neoplasm is an important prognostic factor in cancer diagnosis and treatment, as it can indicate the likelihood of metastasis and the potential effectiveness of various therapies. In general, more invasive cancers are associated with worse outcomes and require more aggressive treatment approaches.
Neoplastic gene expression regulation refers to the processes that control the production of proteins and other molecules from genes in neoplastic cells, or cells that are part of a tumor or cancer. In a normal cell, gene expression is tightly regulated to ensure that the right genes are turned on or off at the right time. However, in cancer cells, this regulation can be disrupted, leading to the overexpression or underexpression of certain genes.
Neoplastic gene expression regulation can be affected by a variety of factors, including genetic mutations, epigenetic changes, and signals from the tumor microenvironment. These changes can lead to the activation of oncogenes (genes that promote cancer growth and development) or the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (genes that prevent cancer).
Understanding neoplastic gene expression regulation is important for developing new therapies for cancer, as targeting specific genes or pathways involved in this process can help to inhibit cancer growth and progression.
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate in the presence of NAD+ or NADP+, producing NADH or NADPH respectively. This reaction occurs in the citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which is a crucial metabolic pathway in the cell's energy production and biosynthesis of various molecules. There are three isoforms of IDH found in humans: IDH1 located in the cytosol, IDH2 in the mitochondrial matrix, and IDH3 within the mitochondria. Mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 have been associated with several types of cancer, such as gliomas and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), leading to abnormal accumulation of 2-hydroxyglutarate, which can contribute to tumorigenesis.
Nimustine is a medical term for a specific anti-cancer drug, also known as a cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent. Its chemical name is nimustine hydrochloride and it belongs to the class of alkylating agents. It works by interfering with the DNA of cancer cells, preventing them from dividing and growing. Nimustine is used in the treatment of various types of cancers, including brain tumors and Hodgkin's lymphoma.
The drug is administered intravenously under the supervision of a healthcare professional, as it can have serious side effects, such as bone marrow suppression, nausea, vomiting, and hair loss. It is important for patients to be closely monitored during treatment with nimustine and to receive appropriate supportive care to manage these side effects.
It's worth noting that the use of nimustine should be based on a thorough evaluation of the patient's medical condition, the type and stage of cancer, and other factors. The decision to use this drug should be made by a qualified healthcare professional in consultation with the patient.
Cell proliferation is the process by which cells increase in number, typically through the process of cell division. In the context of biology and medicine, it refers to the reproduction of cells that makes up living tissue, allowing growth, maintenance, and repair. It involves several stages including the transition from a phase of quiescence (G0 phase) to an active phase (G1 phase), DNA replication in the S phase, and mitosis or M phase, where the cell divides into two daughter cells.
Abnormal or uncontrolled cell proliferation is a characteristic feature of many diseases, including cancer, where deregulated cell cycle control leads to excessive and unregulated growth of cells, forming tumors that can invade surrounding tissues and metastasize to distant sites in the body.
Central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms refer to a group of abnormal growths or tumors that develop within the brain or spinal cord. These tumors can be benign or malignant, and their growth can compress or disrupt the normal functioning of surrounding brain or spinal cord tissue.
Benign CNS neoplasms are slow-growing and rarely spread to other parts of the body. However, they can still cause significant problems if they grow large enough to put pressure on vital structures within the brain or spinal cord. Malignant CNS neoplasms, on the other hand, are aggressive tumors that can invade and destroy surrounding tissue. They may also spread to other parts of the CNS or, rarely, to other organs in the body.
CNS neoplasms can arise from various types of cells within the brain or spinal cord, including nerve cells, glial cells (which provide support and insulation for nerve cells), and supportive tissues such as blood vessels. The specific type of CNS neoplasm is often used to help guide treatment decisions and determine prognosis.
Symptoms of CNS neoplasms can vary widely depending on the location and size of the tumor, but may include headaches, seizures, weakness or paralysis, vision or hearing changes, balance problems, memory loss, and changes in behavior or personality. Treatment options for CNS neoplasms may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.
A meningioma is a type of slow-growing tumor that forms on the membranes (meninges) surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It's usually benign, meaning it doesn't spread to other parts of the body, but it can still cause serious problems if it grows and presses on nearby tissues.
Meningiomas most commonly occur in adults, and are more common in women than men. They can cause various symptoms depending on their location and size, including headaches, seizures, vision or hearing problems, memory loss, and changes in personality or behavior. In some cases, they may not cause any symptoms at all and are discovered only during imaging tests for other conditions.
Treatment options for meningiomas include monitoring with regular imaging scans, surgery to remove the tumor, and radiation therapy to shrink or kill the tumor cells. The best treatment approach depends on factors such as the size and location of the tumor, the patient's age and overall health, and their personal preferences.
Apoptosis is a programmed and controlled cell death process that occurs in multicellular organisms. It is a natural process that helps maintain tissue homeostasis by eliminating damaged, infected, or unwanted cells. During apoptosis, the cell undergoes a series of morphological changes, including cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and fragmentation into membrane-bound vesicles called apoptotic bodies. These bodies are then recognized and engulfed by neighboring cells or phagocytic cells, preventing an inflammatory response. Apoptosis is regulated by a complex network of intracellular signaling pathways that involve proteins such as caspases, Bcl-2 family members, and inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs).
Glioma
Angiocentric glioma
Nasal glioma
Brainstem glioma
Glioma 261
Optic nerve glioma
Visual pathway glioma
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
Purinergic receptor
Gliosis
Astrocytoma
Middle cerebellar peduncle
1926 in science
Isabelle M. Germano
Oligodendroglioma
Glioblastoma
Bulbar palsy
The Svedberg Laboratory
Ollier disease
Arginylglycylaspartic acid
Targeted alpha-particle therapy
Hyaluronan synthase
Margie Profet
The Cancer Genome Atlas
KIF23
Alternating electric field therapy
Ákos Kovács (radiologist)
MiR-214
Bevacizumab
PHF3
Glioma - Wikipedia
Targeted Therapy an 'Important Advance' in Childhood Glioma
Glioma News, Research - Page 7
Glioma - Doctors and departments - Mayo Clinic
glioma - Symptoms, Treatments and Resources for glioma
Brainstem Gliomas: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Integrated Glioma Analysis Uncovers Epigenetics-based Subtypes | GenomeWeb
MCT4 Promotes Tumor Malignancy in F98 Glioma Cells
New Therapeutic Target for Glioma Discovered
The role of microglia and macrophages in glioma maintenance and progression
Updates in Glioma and Meningioma… | College of American Pathologists
Brain Stem Glioma - Childhood: Survivorship | Cancer.Net
JCI - Histone deacetylase 6 inhibition enhances oncolytic viral replication in glioma
Brainstem glioma, treatment and symptoms | Conditions | UW Health
Researchers Independently Find Somatic Histone H3 Mutations in Pediatric Gliomas
Reciprocal H3.3 gene editing identifies K27M and G34R mechanisms in pediatric glioma including NOTCH signaling | Communications...
glioma News Research Articles
Clinical utility and treatment outcome of comprehensive genomic profiling in high grade glioma patients
Intravital imaging of glioma border morphology reveals distinctive cellular dynamics and contribution to tumor cell invasion |...
Frontiers | Current knowledges in pharmaconutrition: "Ketogenics" in pediatric gliomas
Omega-News: Glioma Brain Tumors
Memorial Sloan Kettering Using Cerebral Spinal Fluid Liquid Biopsy, Sequencing to Track Glioma Evolution | GenomeWeb
G207 Followed by Radiation Therapy in Malignant Glioma
Tumor Suppressor miR-637 Is Associated with Cellular Migration, Invasion, and Glioma Diagnosis
Pediatric glioma of the brainstem - National Library of Medicine Search Results
Radiotherapy for diffuse brainstem glioma in children and young adults | Cochrane
Pediatric glioma of the brainstem - National Library of Medicine Search Results
Low grade glioma Meetup June 2023 - brainstrust
malignant glioma Archives | ACNR
Glioblastoma13
- Traditionally, most adult diffuse gliomas have been catalogued as oligodendroglioma, astrocytoma, glioblastoma, and other types based largely on histological features, Noushmehr and his co-authors noted. (genomeweb.com)
- Finally, by incorporating clinical information for the glioma cases, the researchers were able to find survival differences that seemed to coincide with their newly identified epigenetic classifiers, as well as clues to the molecular events that underlie patient progression from lower-grade glioma to glioblastoma. (genomeweb.com)
- In addition, inhibiting KDM1 pharmacologically reduced the growth of patient-derived primary glioblastoma multiforme cells in vitro and the growth of a human glioma cell line in mice. (medindia.net)
- A major change in the adult infiltrating glioma paradigm is defining glioblastoma as an IDH1 / IDH2 -wildtype infiltrating astrocytic glioma in the adult setting. (cap.org)
- Even in the absence of increased mitotic activity, necrosis, or microvascular proliferation, IDH-wildtype infiltrating astrocytic gliomas with these molecular features have been shown to behave aggressively with overall survival times comparable to that of histologically classic glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype, CNS WHO grade 4. (cap.org)
- Cellular reprogramming of glioma cells into neural cells may be a promising treatment for glioblastoma brain cancer. (neurosciencenews.com)
- 20% of pediatric gliomas are high grade gliomas (HGGs) and include anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). (frontiersin.org)
- World Health Organization (WHO) grade IV glioma, which includes glioblastoma multiform (GBM), is a highly invasive and fatal malignant tumor [1]. (scirp.org)
- Gliomas are intrinsic brain tumours, which are classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) into different grades of malignancy, with glioblastoma being the most frequent and most malignant subtype (WHO grade IV). (smw.ch)
- The paper, titled "Hypoxic Induction of Exosome Uptake through Proteoglycan-Dependent Endocytosis Fuels the Lipid Droplet Phenotype in Glioma" and published at Molecular Cancer Research, shows that exosome-like extracellular vesicles (EVs) may serve anabolic functions by transforming hypoxic, patient-derived human glioblastoma cell lines into a lipid loaded phenotype. (lu.se)
- The aim of this thesis was to evaluate how microenvironmental cues affect the interactions between the tumor microenvironment and glioma stem-like cells in glioblastoma. (lu.se)
- We addressed how treatments and hypoxia affect tumor-associated astrocytes in ways that consequently alter glioma cell properties, and how hypoxia and pseudo-hypoxia are involved in stemness maintenance in glioblastoma. (lu.se)
- For this work, we used genetically engineered mouse models of glioma, primary stromal and glioma cell lines, classical glioblastoma cell lines, and organotypic slice cultures. (lu.se)
Pontine9
- A child who has a subacute disorder of the central nervous system that produces cranial nerve abnormalities (especially of cranial nerve VII and the lower bulbar nerves), long-tract signs, unsteady gait secondary to spasticity, and some behavioral changes is most likely to have a pontine glioma. (wikipedia.org)
- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has awarded Rare Pediatric Disease Designation (RPDD) for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) and Orphan Drug Designation for treatment of malignant glioma to OKN-007, an investigational drug discovered at the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and being developed by Oblato, Inc. (news-medical.net)
- Every year, 150 to 300 children in the United States are diagnosed with diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs), aggressive and lethal tumors that grow deep inside the brain, for which there are no cures. (news-medical.net)
- 10 to 20 percent of all childhood brainstem gliomas are diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG), which are highly aggressive and difficult-to-treat tumors found at the base of the brain. (uwhealth.org)
- Independent researchers have identified mutations in the histone H3.3-coding gene H3F3A in a large proportion of pediatric cases of gliobastoma multiforme (GBM) and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), an aggressive brainstem astrocytic tumor that occurs almost exclusively in children. (genengnews.com)
- The St. Jude-Washington University team reports its findings in Nature Genetics in a paper titled "Somatic histone H3 alterations in pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas and nonbrainstem glioblastomas. (genengnews.com)
- Convection enhanced delivery (CED), an innovative technique that directly infuses a therapeutic agent into a brain tumor through a cannula, bypassing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), is safe and feasible for treating diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), according to our experience to date in an ongoing phase I clinical trial at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK). (mskcc.org)
- Pediatric patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) have a poor prognosis, with a median survival of less than 1 year. (cun.es)
- Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a brainstem malignancy that occurs relatively rarely in childhood and young adulthood and carries a median survival of less than one year. (esmo.org)
Tumors34
- Gliomas comprise about 30 percent of all brain tumors and central nervous system tumours, and 80 percent of all malignant brain tumours. (wikipedia.org)
- Scientists of Far Eastern Federal University get started studying the formation and survival mechanisms of the brain malignant tumors cells, i.e. glioma, to reveal new ways for diagnosis and therapy for this fatal disease. (news-medical.net)
- Gliomas with mutations in what are called the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes are the most common brain tumors diagnosed in younger adults aged 18 to 45 years. (news-medical.net)
- Both she and the authors emphasized the important of testing the tumors of children with gliomas in order to find the 15%-20% of those with BRAF V600-mutations who may benefit from this targeted therapy. (medscape.com)
- Mayo Clinic doctors and scientists are working together to find new ways to diagnose and treat brain tumors, including gliomas. (mayoclinic.org)
- NEW YORK (GenomeWeb) - In a study published online today in Cell , an international research team led by investigators in the US and Brazil proposed a new classification scheme for diffuse glioma that takes into account genetic and epigenetic cues from the central nervous system tumors. (genomeweb.com)
- By combining clinical information on patient progression patterns and outcomes, information on diffuse glioma-associated genes in more than 1,000 grade II, III, or IV grade tumors, and new methylation data, the researchers identified seven glioma categories that show promise for classifying lower- and high-grade tumors, and, in some cases, predicting patient outcomes. (genomeweb.com)
- For the new study, the researchers brought together TCGA data for 1,122 diffuse gliomas spanning grades II, III, and IV, including 290 lower-grade gliomas that the TCGA had previously analyzed, 226 newly assessed lower-grade glioma tumors, and samples from 606 individuals with more advanced gliomas. (genomeweb.com)
- Along with analyses focused on co-occurring alterations in the glioma tumors, the team clustered the tumors based on overlapping gene mutations, gene expression, copy number, and DNA methylation marks. (genomeweb.com)
- Tumors with wild type IDH1/2 made up four more methylation- and gene expression-based clusters - patterns the researchers used to develop a methylation-based classifier that they tested in hundreds more IDH1/2 wild type gliomas. (genomeweb.com)
- Monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4, SLC16A3 ) is elevated under hypoxic conditions in many malignant tumors including gliomas. (hindawi.com)
- Malignant gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumors with an increasing incidence of up to nine per 100,000 habitants over the last years [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Gliomas, the deadliest form of primary central nervous system neoplasms, represent about 70 percent of brain tumors, according to Sareddy. (medindia.net)
- They account for about 20% of all pediatric primary brain tumors, but constitute less than 2% of all adult gliomas. (medscape.com)
- There is a growing recognition that gliomas are complex tumors composed of neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells, which each individually contribute to cancer formation, progression and response to treatment. (nih.gov)
- The findings may help in the development of therapies to treat glioma brain tumors. (neurosciencenews.com)
- Researchers found lymph-node-like structures close to glioma brain tumors in cancer patients. (neurosciencenews.com)
- The incidence of brain tumors in children is about 5 cases per 100,000 population, 75% of which are classified as gliomas ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Clinical trials to date have benefited only limited subsets of patients, accentuating the fact that pediatric high-grade gliomas (HGGs) constitute an extremely heterogeneous group of highly aggressive brain tumors. (frontiersin.org)
- In a study published Wednesday in Nature , investigators tracked traces of gliomas in CSF by collecting samples from 85 glioma patients who previously received a lumbar puncture because they showed neurological signs or symptoms of brain tumors. (genomeweb.com)
- The group hypothesized that CSF can act as a better reservoir of tumor DNA than plasma in patients with glioma, since these tumors directly shed DNA into the CSF, and only indirectly pass it into the plasma. (genomeweb.com)
- Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors. (scirp.org)
- frequent forms of tumors must be mentioned : The glioma , a form which is peculiar to the central nervous system, but is found much more frequently in the cerebrum than in the brain stem or the spinal cord. (nih.gov)
- Pediatric low-grade glioma tumors are the most common central nervous system tumor in children. (stjude.org)
- However, information learned from this study may help future patients with low-grade glioma tumors. (stjude.org)
- The main goal of this study is to test the experimental drug mirdametinib in hopes of finding a treatment that may be effective against low-grade glioma brain tumors in children, adolescents and young adults. (stjude.org)
- Conclusions: Glioma stem cells have thus become a prevalent focus in GBM research for their presumed role in development, maintenance and recurrence of tumors. (benthamscience.com)
- Glioma stem cells infiltrate the white matter surrounding tumors and often evade resection. (benthamscience.com)
- Low grade gliomas (LGGs) are rare tumors, and relatively little is known about their biology or how to provide optimal patient care. (jax.org)
- Together, they are addressing a fundamental problem with glioma therapies: the tumors always evolve and develop resistance to treatment. (jax.org)
- The take-home message was that the differences between cells within the tumors develop early, and they involve mechanisms that are not captured by whole genome sequencing of the glioma cells. (jax.org)
- Gliomas are primary tumors that originate in brain parenchyma. (msdmanuals.com)
- General references Gliomas are primary tumors that originate in brain parenchyma. (msdmanuals.com)
- In children, most hypothalamic tumors are gliomas. (medlineplus.gov)
Tumor22
- A glioma is a type of tumor that starts in the glial cells of the brain or the spine. (wikipedia.org)
- A practice-changing study, NRG Oncology clinical trial NRG-RTOG 9802, has demonstrated, for the first time, a survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy following radiotherapy over radiotherapy alone in certain subgroups of patients with high-risk, low-grade glioma (WHO classification: LGG, grade II), a type of brain tumor that originates from glial cells. (news-medical.net)
- Last spring, members of the Cancer Genome Atlas described three diffuse lower-grade glioma subtypes based on genome, exome, microRNA, and/or RNA profiling on almost 300 matched tumor and normal samples. (genomeweb.com)
- In summary, our data highlight MCT4 /SLC16A3 as a key gene for distinct hallmarks of tumor malignancy in glioma cells. (hindawi.com)
- We investigated the impact on tumor malignancy in F98 glioma cells using in silico analysis, in vitro cell culture assays, and ex vivo vascular organotypic glioma impact model (VOGIM) [ 35 ] by implanting F98 cells into rat brain slices. (hindawi.com)
- Together, these findings illustrate a mechanism of glioma cell defense against an incoming infection by oHSV and identify possible approaches to enhance oHSV replication and subsequent lysis of tumor cells. (jci.org)
- A pediatric brainstem glioma is a tumor that forms in the tissues of the brainstem. (uwhealth.org)
- In response to treatment, high-grade gliomas remodel the surrounding brain environment, creating interactions with nearby neurons and immune cells in ways that protect tumor cells and protect them from the body's natural defense. (neurosciencenews.com)
- The most frequent type of brain tumor is Glioma from grade I to grade IV according to the rate of malignancy. (frontiersin.org)
- Pediatric gliomas represent the most common brain tumor in children. (frontiersin.org)
- The researchers believe the technique could help monitor the evolution and status of gliomas in patients who have undergone brain tumor surgeries and subsequent therapy. (genomeweb.com)
- All patients had received treatment for glioma before CSF collection, including surgery, radiation, and at least one systemic tumor-directed chemotherapy. (genomeweb.com)
- The team also examined whether combinations of genetic alterations - lower-grade glioma signatures - that they detected in the CSF could be matched to the signature of the original tumor. (genomeweb.com)
- Determine the concentration of interleukin-13 PE38QQR immunotoxin that produces histologic evidence of toxicity to tumor and the corresponding toxic effects of this drug when administered via continuous intratumoral infusion prior to second resection in patients with recurrent resectable supratentorial malignant glioma. (knowcancer.com)
- We suspected that MTMS is associated with impaired mucosal immune response and correlated with dysfunction in the anti-tumor immune response in diffuse glioma patients. (iasp-pain.org)
- Brain glioma is a type of common primary intracranial malignant tumor, the prognosis of which is frequently unfavorable. (medscimonit.com)
- Glioma tumor tissues were collected from 3 patients who received surgery, and the glioma stem cells were then separated, cultured, and identified by flow cytometry. (medscimonit.com)
- This research sheds light into the mechanistics of glioma adaptation in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and motivates further studies aimed at establishing therapeutic strategies targeted at the endocytic machinery that should be combined with available inhibitors of lipid biosynthesis. (lu.se)
- Gliomas are a common type of brain tumor that results from the abnormal growth of glial cells, which support nerve cells. (medlineplus.gov)
- The treatment depends on how aggressive the tumor is, and whether it is a glioma or another type of cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
- In a glioma mouse model, CD44 was restricted to hypoxic and perivascular tumor regions, and in human glioma, a hypoxia signature correlated with CD44. (lu.se)
- They are histological y are classified as WHO grade II gliomas: diffuse astrocytoma, diagnosed as the third most common primary tumor of the oligodendroglioma, pilomyxoid astrocytoma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, and ependymoma [3]. (bvsalud.org)
DIPG2
- WHO grades I-IV have extremely different 5-year survival rates up from 95% for grades I and II gliomas to 15-35% for grade IV gliomas or even less than 1% for DIPG ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Oncolytic viral therapy has been evaluated in patients with pediatric gliomas elsewhere in the brain, but data regarding oncolytic viral therapy in patients with DIPG are lacking. (cun.es)
Risk of glioma3
- Germ-line (inherited) polymorphisms of the DNA repair genes ERCC1, ERCC2 (XPD) and XRCC1 increase the risk of glioma. (wikipedia.org)
- The primary objective was to determine if quantitatively estimated exposure of pesticide applicators was associated with an increased risk of glioma in male and female participants. (cdc.gov)
- Similarly, house and garden pesticide applicators had a decreased risk of glioma: OR 0.79, CI 0.66-0.93, with statistically significant inverse associations for use of 2,4-D, arsenates, organophosphates, and phenoxys. (cdc.gov)
Prognosis8
- Despite advances in surgical techniques and multimodal treatment regimens with radio-, chemo-, and immunotherapy [ 3 - 5 ], the prognosis for malignant glioma patients is very poor with a median survival time of approximately 15 months after diagnosis [ 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Pediatric glioma prognosis remains dismal, with a nearly 100% mortality rate. (nature.com)
- By providing a more detailed view on glioma invasion patterns, our study may improve accuracy of prognosis and serve as a basis for personalized therapeutic approaches. (nature.com)
- In recent years, thanks to the study of genetic variants, significant information associated with the prognosis and clinical course of glioma has been acquired. (frontiersin.org)
- Therefore, there is a need to elucidate the invasion mechanisms to improve glioma prognosis. (scirp.org)
- Diffuse brainstem glioma is a devastating disease with very poor prognosis. (cochrane.org)
- Like all high-grade gliomas the prognosis is dismal, and usually, no attempt at "curative" resection is made. (radiopaedia.org)
- Mucosal thickening of the maxillary sinus is frequently associated with diffuse glioma patients and correlates with poor survival prognosis of GBM patients: comparative analysis to meningioma patients. (iasp-pain.org)
Diagnosis4
- A promising new biomarker for diagnosis of glioma was identified by researchers using sophisticated genetic testing techniques. (medindia.net)
- While it is not required for diagnosis or treatment of brainstem glioma, judicious use of biopsy/resection is recommended when safe. (medscape.com)
- Some people say they appreciate life more after a diagnosis of brain stem glioma. (cancer.net)
- European Association for Neuro-Oncology (EANO) guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of adult astrocytic and oligodendroglial gliomas. (smw.ch)
Human glioma1
- Human glioma cell lines, U373 and U251 cells, were purchased from the China Academia Sinica Cell Repository (Shanghai, China) and cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (Gibco) that contained 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco). (scirp.org)
Brainstem glioma9
- Axial T2 FLAIR MRI image showing a mass in the brainstem consistent with brainstem glioma. (medscape.com)
- What is a brainstem glioma? (uwhealth.org)
- If the MRI scan looks like a focal brainstem glioma, a tissue biopsy might be done while your child is under anesthesia. (uwhealth.org)
- While many studies are underway to better understand the biology of a diffuse brainstem glioma, it is currently considered fatal. (uwhealth.org)
- Diffuse brainstem glioma typically occurs in the pons (part of the brainstem) and expands and infiltrates at least 50% of the pons, with a characteristic appearance on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). (cochrane.org)
- So far, there is no analysis or review available that assessed the benefits or harms of radiation for newly diagnosed diffuse brainstem glioma in children and young adults aged 0 to 21 years. (cochrane.org)
- Further research is needed to establish the role of radiotherapy in the management of newly diagnosed diffuse brainstem glioma in children and young adults. (cochrane.org)
- So far, there is no meta-analysis or systematic review available that assesses the benefits or harms of radiation in people with diffuse brainstem glioma. (cochrane.org)
- All randomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-randomised trials (QRCTs), or controlled clinical trials (CCTs) that compared conventional fractionated radiotherapy (with or without chemotherapy) versus other therapies (including different radiotherapy techniques) for newly diagnosed diffuse brainstem glioma in children and young adults aged 0 to 21 years. (cochrane.org)
Treating low-grade glioma1
- We are using mirdametinib because it is in a drug class that seems to be effective in treating low-grade glioma. (stjude.org)
Pediatric low-grade glioma2
- The results demonstrate the importance of early molecular testing in pediatric low-grade glioma and support the use of dabrafenib plus trametinib systemic treatment in BRAF V600-mutant patients requiring first systemic treatment, commented lead author Eric Bouffet, MD, professor of pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. (medscape.com)
- SJ901 is a multi-arm, phase 1/2 dose-escalation/dose-finding and early efficacy study of the brain-penetrant inhibitor, mirdametinib in patients with pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG). (stjude.org)
High-grade17
- We discovered low-grade and high-grade gliomas mixed together within these different epigenetic subtypes," co-senior author Houtan Noushmehr, director of OMICs and Bioinformatics at the University of São Paulo's Ribeirão Preto Medical School, said in a statement. (genomeweb.com)
- Pediatric high-grade gliomas are a major cause of childhood cancer deaths. (nature.com)
- Genomic research of high grade glioma (HGG) has revealed complex biology with potential for therapeutic impact. (nih.gov)
- Molecular, Pathological, Radiological, and Immune Profiling of Non- brainstem Pediatric High-Grade Glioma from the HERBY Phase II Randomized Trial. (nih.gov)
- Recommendations 1.2 and 1.3 for temozolomide for the first-line chemotherapy treatment of malignant glioma when primary therapy (surgery and/or radiotherapy) has failed have been withdrawn and are updated by recommendation 1.1 of NICE's technology appraisal guidance on carmustine implants and temozolomide for the treatment of newly diagnosed high-grade glioma (TA121). (nice.org.uk)
- One of the most problematic brain tumours in that respect is glioma, in particular high-grade glioma. (su.se)
- It is therefore the overall aim of this project to develop the framework for personalised treatment planning for stereotactic radiotherapy accounting for uncertainties in target definition and position for high-grade glioma. (su.se)
- 1. To develop the methods and the computational tools for personalised probabilistic planning accounting for uncertainties in target definition, extent and position for high-grade glioma. (su.se)
- Butterfly gliomas are high-grade astrocytomas, IDH-mutant or glioblastomas, IDH-wildtype that cross the midline via the corpus callosum . (radiopaedia.org)
- Image examples of a high-grade and a low-grade glioma. (figshare.com)
- Following the publication of this article, an interested reader drew to the authors' attention that, in Fig. 1F on p. 2311 showing a representative high-grade glioma specimen, the data were either duplicated or overlapping with the data featured in Fig. 1D , which showed a low-grade glioma specimen. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Representative specimens exhibiting HHLA2 IHC labeling pattern in normal brain, low-grade glioma, and high-grade glioma. (spandidos-publications.com)
- E and F) High-grade glioma. (spandidos-publications.com)
- The corrected version of Fig. 1 , now showing the correct data for the high-magnification high-grade glioma specimen in Fig. 1F , is shown on the next page. (spandidos-publications.com)
- LGG patients do in fact have good prognoses in the short term compared to those with high grade gliomas. (jax.org)
- Updated response assessment criteria for high-grade gliomas: response assessment in neuro-oncology working group. (smw.ch)
- A case of left frontal high-grade glioma diagnosed during pregnancy. (snacc.org)
Radiotherapy4
- Current treatments for gliomas use chemotherapy, radiotherapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies and surgery, but each of the treatment strategies has several serious side effects. (frontiersin.org)
- To assess the effects of conventional radiotherapy (with or without chemotherapy) versus other therapies (including different radiotherapy techniques) for newly diagnosed diffuse brainstem gliomas in children and young adults aged 0 to 21 years. (cochrane.org)
- Radiotherapy has been the mainstay in the treatment of diffuse gliomas for several decades. (smw.ch)
- Background: Treatment of childhood glioma has evolved to reduce radiotherapy exposure with the goal of limiting late toxicity. (lu.se)
Histologically confirmed2
- The trial enrolled 100 pediatric patients with histologically confirmed BRAF V600 mutation-positive low-grade glioma at 50 sites in 20 countries. (medscape.com)
- METHODS: The study included 798 histologically confirmed primary intracranial glioma cases (45 % with proxy respondents) and 1,175 population-based controls, all adult (age 18-80) nonmetropolitan residents of Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. (cdc.gov)
Survival8
- CHICAGO -Targeted therapy achieved significantly higher responses rates and longer progression-free survival (PFS) when compared with standard chemotherapy in pediatric patients with BRAF V600-mutant low-grade gliomas, even those as young as 1 year of age. (medscape.com)
- Patients with malignant gliomas have a survival time of approximately 14 months," Sareddy said. (medindia.net)
- Identification of KDM1 as a therapeutic agent can be readily extended to clinical use with current chemotherapies, providing an additional tool for enhancing survival in patients with glioma. (medindia.net)
- A novel NFAT1-IL6/JAK/STAT3 signalling pathway related nomogram predicts overall survival in gliomas In this study, researchers discovered that a protein known as NFAT1 (Nuclear factor of activated T cell-1) is expressed differently in various types of cancers and plays a crucial role in malignant progression in glioma patients through the IL6-JAK-STAT3 signalling pathway. (braintumourresearch.org)
- Published in Scientific reports , this study proposed a prognostic model for glioma overall survival (OS) rate based on this NFAT1-IL6-JAK-STAT3 signalling pathway. (braintumourresearch.org)
- We constructed an ensemble gene pair signature for the risk evaluation and survival prediction of glioma based on the prior knowledge of the IDH and 1p/19q status. (bvsalud.org)
- Then, the gene pairs in these two models were assembled to develop an integrated model named Glioma Prognostic Gene Pair Signature (GPGPS), which demonstrated high area under the curves (AUCs) to predict 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival (0.92, 0.88 and 0.80) of glioma . (bvsalud.org)
- In conclusion, the ensemble prognostic signature with 10 gene pairs could serve as an independent predictor for risk stratification and survival prediction in glioma . (bvsalud.org)
Adult4
- Figure 1 and Figure 2 demonstrate the 2016 to 2021 changes in nomenclature and grading of adult infiltrating gliomas. (cap.org)
- Given the changes discussed above, initial diagnostic workup of an adult hemispheric infiltrating glioma might start with immunohistochemistry for IDH1 p.R132H (accounting for ~ 90% of IDH1 / IDH2 mutations in this setting), ATRX, p53, and Ki67 (particularly in the setting of lower-grade histology). (cap.org)
- Background Adult low-grade gliomas (LGG) are usually WHO grade II and have a propensity to transform into malignant gliomas at some point in their natural history. (bmj.com)
- Conclusion: Most long-term glioma survivors achieve adult independence. (lu.se)
Cells21
- Glioma is a cancer of the brain that begins in glial cells (cells that surround and support nerve cells). (news-medical.net)
- TAMs are recruited to the glioma environment, have immune functions, and can release a wide array of growth factors and cytokines in response to those factors produced by cancer cells. (nih.gov)
- In glioma cell lines and glioma-stem-like cells, HDAC6 inhibition (HDAC6i) by either pharmacologic or genetic means substantially increased replication of oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (oHSV). (jci.org)
- In addition, electron microscopic analysis revealed that post-entry oHSVs are preferentially taken up into glioma cells through the endosomal pathway rather than via fusion at the cell surface. (jci.org)
- Gliomas are formed from glial cells. (uwhealth.org)
- To identify major effectors, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to introduce H3.3K27M and G34R mutations into previously H3.3-wildtype brain cells, while in parallel reverting the mutations in glioma cells back to wildtype. (nature.com)
- Here we report successful gene editing of H3.3K27M and G34R point mutations in human normal brain and pediatric glioma cells, generating pairs of otherwise isogenic cell lines that allowed us to define epigenetic and transcriptomic changes contributing to gliomagenesis in the native genomic context. (nature.com)
- To study the transformative effects of oncohistone mutations in human pediatric gliomas in an otherwise isogenic context, we used CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to revert H3.3K27M mutations in glioma cells back to wild type (WT) while in parallel introducing H3.3K27M and G34R point mutations into human astrocytes and H3.3WT glioma cells (Fig. 1a ). (nature.com)
- This tool helped then to analyze a dozen genes that affect the function of a protein, vital for glioma cells to grow. (healthjockey.com)
- They further applied the genome-wide RNA interference screening technique, so that they could determine the genes regulating the expression of a transcription factor called ATF5 in malignant glioma cells. (healthjockey.com)
- Targeting this population of glioma stem cells may hold the long-awaited key to durable therapeutic efficacy in GBM. (benthamscience.com)
- The resistance is literal, as at least some glioma cells are always able to evade frontline treatments, leading to recurrence, therapy resistance and lethality. (jax.org)
- This study investigated the effect of EZH2 expression on proliferation and tumorigenesis of brain glioma cells. (medscimonit.com)
- The effect on tumorigenesis potency of glioma stem cells was determined by mouse transplantation assay. (medscimonit.com)
- Our data demonstrated that in brain glioma cells, the decrease of EZH2 level could suppress cell proliferation and tumorigenesis potency, and meanwhile inhibit the expressions of oncogenes including c-myc and Akt. (medscimonit.com)
- Surprisingly, we find that HDAC1 is the essential class I deacetylase in glioma stem cells, and its loss is not compensated for by HDAC2. (jci.org)
- this metabolite can modify DNA methylation of normal neural and glial progenitor cells causing them to produce neoplastic glioma cells. (msdmanuals.com)
- In this study, evidence shows that EVs can fuel hypoxic glioma cells to acquire a lipid droplet (LD+) phenotype and such effect is associated with increased EV internalization through a hypoxia-sensitive mechanism dependent on heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) receptor and lipid raft-mediated endocytosis. (lu.se)
- Hypoxia-inducible factors enhance glioma stemness, and glioma stem cells have an amplified hypoxic response despite residing within a perivascular niche. (lu.se)
- Still, little is known about differential HIF regulation in stem versus bulk glioma cells. (lu.se)
- Our data indicate that the stem cell marker CD44 modulates the hypoxic response of glioma cells and that the pseudo-hypoxic phenotype of stem-like glioma cells is achieved by stabilization of HIF-2α through interaction with CD44, independently of oxygen. (lu.se)
Mutations5
- The team identified 75 significantly mutated genes based on point mutations and small insertions and deletions data - a set that included 45 genes not linked to glioma in the past. (genomeweb.com)
- With the help of CNV profiles and fusions found with RNA sequence data, the researchers also verified glioma driver mutations described previously and tracked down new driver candidate genes in pathways related to chromatin regulation and Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling. (genomeweb.com)
- Histone H3.3 mutations are a hallmark of pediatric gliomas, but their core oncogenic mechanisms are not well-defined. (nature.com)
- To find out whether mutations detected in the CSF also existed in the patients' plasma, the group sequenced ctDNA from 19 patients with gliomas who were positive for CSF ctDNA. (genomeweb.com)
- Type and frequency of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations are related to astrocytic and oligodendroglial differentiation and age: a study of 1,010 diffuse gliomas. (smw.ch)
Target for glioma2
- KDM1 protein is found to be a potential target for glioma treatment, say researchers. (medindia.net)
- A new philosophy for defining the target for glioma and a corresponding new approach for clinically handling it are now emerging in the form of personalised probabilistic target definition and treatment planning aiming at ensuring a robust delivery of the dose with respect to the target definition and hence patient cure. (su.se)
Treatment of glioma1
- They concluded that this individualised model can be used to predict the OS rate of patients with glioma at 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 years and could offer practical clinical decisions for personalised treatment of glioma patients, to a certain extent. (braintumourresearch.org)
Pesticides and glioma1
- CONCLUSIONS: These results are consistent with our previous findings for UMHS of reported farm pesticide exposure and support a lack of positive association between pesticides and glioma. (cdc.gov)
20231
- Come along to our Low Grade Glioma meetup 19 June 2023 to start feeling less alone, better resourced and more able to cope. (brainstrust.org.uk)
Glioblastomas3
- A couple of weeks ago I met with representatives of Castle Biosciences regarding their proprietary gene expression profile assay for glioblastomas, called DecisionDx-GBM , as well as their multi-methylation test for grade II and III gliomas, called DecisionDX-G-CIMP . (blogspot.com)
- Understanding how glioblastomas are organised and a prognostic model for glioma. (braintumourresearch.org)
- This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons grade II and III gliomas are not as common as glioblastomas. (bvsalud.org)
Prognostic3
- Qi Y, Deng G, Xu P, Zhang H, Yuan F, Geng R, Jiang H, Liu B and Chen Q: [Corrigendum] HHLA2 is a novel prognostic predictor and potential therapeutic target in malignant glioma. (spandidos-publications.com)
- GPGPS: a robust prognostic gene pair signature of glioma ensembling IDH mutation and 1p/19q co-deletion. (bvsalud.org)
- MOTIVATION Many studies have shown that IDH mutation and 1p/19q co-deletion can serve as prognostic signatures of glioma . (bvsalud.org)
Aggressive3
- It also occurs in younger people than the more aggressive gliomas, with most patients diagnosed in their 30s and 40s. (jax.org)
- In papers III and IV, we investigated the role of hypoxia and pseudo-hypoxia in the maintenance of aggressive glioma phenotypes. (lu.se)
- In general, gliomas in adults are more aggressive than in children and usually have a worse outcome. (medlineplus.gov)
Tumours1
- Not only do you have to live with the symptoms that these tumours can bring (epilepsy has a high prevalence rate) but also the uncertain trajectory of a low grade glioma. (brainstrust.org.uk)
Cerebral Gliomas1
- Management of Diffuse Low-Grade Cerebral Gliomas. (bvsalud.org)
Optic3
- A glioma of the optic nerve can cause vision loss. (wikipedia.org)
- Lenalidomide Demonstrates Promising Activity in Paediatric Gliomas/Astrocytomas The immunomodulatory agent lenalidomide (Revlimid) appeared clinically active and tolerable in pilocytic astrocytomas and optic pathway gliomas in a cohort of paediatric patients who progressed following initial therapy, according to findings from a phase 2 trial published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology . (braintumourresearch.org)
- Goodden J, Mallucci C. Optic pathway hypothalamic gliomas. (medlineplus.gov)
Therapeutic Target1
- Future studies should examine the potential mechanisms underlying miR-637 as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for gliomas. (scirp.org)
Hypoxic2
- We showed that the generation of the cleaved form of the cell surface glycoprotein CD44 leads to the stabilization of the HIFs in the perivascular and the perinecrotic glioma niche, leading to increased hypoxic signaling and glioma cell stemness. (lu.se)
- Moreover, we showed that p75 NTR signaling is involved in the activation of the hypoxic signaling pathway and is also regulating glioma cell stemness and migration in hypoxia. (lu.se)
Adults4
- Recently, Drs. Lee, Wrensch and others found that adults with glioma were more likely to consume diets high in cured foods and low in vitamin C-rich fruits and vegetables, and to consume diets high in nitrites and low in vitamin C. The effect was more pronounced in men than women. (wikipedia.org)
- Evidence-based recommendations on temozolomide (Temodal) for malignant glioma in children over 3 years, young people and adults. (nice.org.uk)
- Characteristics of H3 K27M-mutant gliomas in adults. (smw.ch)
- Correspondence guideline for World Health Organization (WHO) grade II cerebral glioma in adults is established. (bvsalud.org)
Reduced tumorigenesis1
- More recently, CRISPR-mediated knockout of the mutant H3F3A allele in two H3.3K27M glioma lines restored more normal histone mark deposition and reduced tumorigenesis 9 . (nature.com)
Clinical2
Cancer7
- A team led by Massimo Squatrito, Head of the Seve Ballesteros Foundation Brain Tumour Group at the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, have made important findings of how some gliomas can acquire chemoresistance. (news-medical.net)
- Traumatic brain injuries may increase the risk of developing glioma brain cancer later in life, researchers report. (neurosciencenews.com)
- In this review we deal in the molecular mechanisms, the epigenetic effects and modulation of the oxidative stress pathway of ketogenic diets, that underlie its possible role, in the treatment of infantile gliomas, as a complementary approach to conventional cancer therapy. (frontiersin.org)
- 2002 Review Childhood Brain Stem Glioma Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version [PDQ Cancer Information Summari. (nih.gov)
- Malignant glioma is a fatal brain cancer which apparently has no cure. (healthjockey.com)
- They further aspire to ascertain that the cancer drugs sorafenib and temozolomide arrest glioma growth. (healthjockey.com)
- OPTIMUM (OPTimIzing engagement in discovery of molecular evolution of low grade glioma), recently funded through a four-year National Cancer Center grant, is not your typical laboratory research project. (jax.org)
Grade8
- Complex visual hallucinations have been described as a symptom of low-grade glioma. (wikipedia.org)
- Patient diagnoses included grade II glioma (13), grade II glioma (26), and grade IV glioma (54). (genomeweb.com)
- Living with a low grade glioma brain tumour brings about its own challenges. (brainstrust.org.uk)
- The postoperative result was gross total removal of a low grade glioma. (imris.com)
- Phase 1 of this trial will evaluate the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of mirdametinib when dosed continuously in patients with progressive or relapsed low-grade glioma. (stjude.org)
- C and D) Low-grade glioma. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Oligodendrogliomas (WHO grade II) are among the slowest-growing gliomas. (msdmanuals.com)
- Other malignant gliomas including WHO grade II and III medium, provided the original work is properly cited. (bvsalud.org)
Patients with diffuse1
- We revealed that the incidence of MTMS is significantly associated with patients with diffuse glioma. (iasp-pain.org)
Newly diagnosed diffuse1
- This study included 343 patients with newly diagnosed diffuse gliomas and 218 patients with meningioma treated at our institution between 2015 and 2018. (iasp-pain.org)