Hantavirus Infections
Hantavirus
Puumala virus
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
Hantaan virus
Rodent Diseases
Disease Reservoirs
Arvicolinae
Seoul virus
Peromyscus
Panama
Nucleocapsid Proteins
Sin Nombre virus
Argentina
Seroepidemiologic Studies
Zoonoses
Animals, Wild
Immunoglobulin G
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Germany
Paraguay
Immunoglobulin M
Brazil
Seasons
Long-term studies of hantavirus reservoir populations in the southwestern United States: rationale, potential, and methods. (1/283)
Hantaviruses are rodent-borne zoonotic agents that cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Asia and Europe and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in North and South America. The epidemiology of human diseases caused by these viruses is tied to the ecology of the rodent hosts, and effective control and prevention relies on a through understanding of host ecology. After the 1993 HPS outbreak in the southwestern United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention initiated long-term studies of the temporal dynamics of hantavirus infection in host populations. These studies, which used mark-recapture techniques on 24 trapping webs at nine sites in the southwestern United States, were designed to monitor changes in reservoir population densities and in the prevalence and incidence of infection; quantify environmental factors associated with these changes; and when linked to surveillance databases for HPS, lead to predictive models of human risk to be used in the design and implementation of control and prevention measures for human hantavirus disease. (+info)Long-term hantavirus persistence in rodent populations in central Arizona. (2/283)
For 35 months, we monitored hantavirus activity in rodent populations in central Arizona. The most frequently captured hantavirus antibody-positive rodents were Peromyscus boylii and P. truei. Antibody-positive P. boylii were more frequently male (84%), older, and heavier, and they survived longer on trapping web sites than antibody-negative mice. The number of antibody-positive P. boylii was greater during high population densities than during low densities, while antibody prevalence was greater during low population densities. Virus transmission and incidence rates, also related to population densities, varied by trapping site. The spatial distribution of antibody-positive P. boylii varied by population density and reflected the species preference for dense chaparral habitats. The focal ranges of antibody-positive P. boylii also demonstrated a patchy distribution of hantavirus. (+info)A longitudinal study of Sin Nombre virus prevalence in rodents, southeastern Arizona. (3/283)
We determined the prevalence of Sin Nombre virus antibodies in small mammals in southeastern Arizona. Of 1,234 rodents (from 13 species) captured each month from May through December 1995, only mice in the genus Peromyscus were seropositive. Antibody prevalence was 14.3% in 21 white-footed mice (P. leucopus), 13.3% in 98 brush mice (P. boylii), 0.8% in 118 cactus mice (P. eremicus), and 0% in 2 deer mice (P. maniculatus). Most antibody-positive mice were adult male Peromyscus captured close to one another early in the study. Population dynamics of brush mice suggest a correlation between population size and hantavirus-antibody prevalence. (+info)Statistical sensitivity for detection of spatial and temporal patterns in rodent population densities. (4/283)
A long-term monitoring program begun 1 year after the epidemic of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the U.S. Southwest tracked rodent density changes through time and among sites and related these changes to hantavirus infection rates in various small-mammal reservoir species and human disease outbreaks. We assessed the statistical sensitivity of the program's field design and tested for potential biases in population estimates due to unintended deaths of rodents. Analyzing data from two sites in New Mexico from 1994 to 1998, we found that for many species of Peromyscus, Reithrodontomys, Neotoma, Dipodomys, and Perognathus, the monitoring program detected species-specific spatial and temporal differences in rodent densities; trap-related deaths did not significantly affect long-term population estimates. The program also detected a short-term increase in rodent densities in the winter of 1997-98, demonstrating its usefulness in identifying conditions conducive to increased risk for human disease. (+info)Natural history of Sin Nombre virus in western Colorado. (5/283)
A mark-recapture longitudinal study of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody to Sin Nombre virus (SNV) in rodent populations in western Colorado (1994-results summarized to October 1997) indicates the presence of SNV or a closely related hantavirus at two sites. Most rodents (principally deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus, and pinyon mice, P. truei) did not persist on the trapping webs much beyond 1 month after first capture. Some persisted more than 1 year, which suggests that even a few infected deer mice could serve as transseasonal reservoirs and mechanisms for over-winter virus maintenance. A positive association between wounds and SNV antibody in adult animals at both sites suggests that when infected rodents in certain populations fight with uninfected rodents, virus amplification occurs. At both sites, male rodents comprised a larger percentage of seropositive mice than recaptured mice, which suggests that male mice contribute more to the SNV epizootic cycle than female mice. In deer mice, IgG antibody prevalence fluctuations were positively associated with population fluctuations. The rates of seroconversion, which in deer mice at both sites occurred mostly during late summer and midwinter, were higher than the seroprevalence, which suggests that the longer deer mice live, the greater the probability they will become infected with SNV. (+info)Long-term studies of hantavirus reservoir populations in the southwestern United States: a synthesis. (6/283)
A series of intensive, longitudinal, mark-recapture studies of hantavirus infection dynamics in reservoir populations in the southwestern United States indicates consistent patterns as well as important differences among sites and host-virus associations. All studies found a higher prevalence of infection in older (particularly male) mice; one study associated wounds with seropositivity. These findings are consistent with horizontal transmission and transmission through fighting between adult male rodents. Despite very low rodent densities at some sites, low-level hantavirus infection continued, perhaps because of persistent infection in a few long-lived rodents or periodic reintroduction of virus from neighboring populations. Prevalence of hantavirus antibody showed seasonal and multiyear patterns that suggested a delayed density-dependent relationship between prevalence and population density. Clear differences in population dynamics and patterns of infection among sites, sampling periods, and host species underscore the importance of replication and continuity of long-term reservoir studies. Nevertheless, the measurable associations between environmental variables, reservoir population density, rates of virus transmission, and prevalence of infection in host populations may improve our capacity to model processes influencing infection and predict increased risk for hantavirus transmission to humans. (+info)Polymerase chain reaction detection of Puumala virus RNA in formaldehyde-fixed biopsy material. (7/283)
BACKGROUND: Infections with hantaviruses, mainly Clethrionomys-derived Puumala viruses, are known causes of acute renal failure [hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)] in western Europe. Laboratory diagnosis is primarily based on serology. At the time of clinical symptoms, viral RNA can hardly be detected in the blood or urine, indicating that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is of little diagnostic value for these infections. Biopsy material is usually formaldehyde-fixed and, thus, regarded as poor quality for PCR applications. The aim of this study was to establish a technique to retrieve such material for laboratory diagnostic. METHODS: Formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded kidney biopsies of 14 patients with renal failure either clinically suspected for HFRS (7 cases) or caused by unknown (2 cases) or known other causes (drugs, sarcoidosis; 5 cases) were histologically investigated. An established S segment-specific PCR assay was applied to RNA isolated from the biopsies, and amplification products were verified by direct sequence determination. RESULTS: Investigations revealed a typical histopathological appearance for hantavirus infections in all seven suspected HFRS cases and one case of unknown cause. With five of the suspected HFRS cases, hantavirus-specific RNA was detected. Sequence comparison revealed a close relationship to corresponding nucleoproteins of known Puumala viruses. CONCLUSION: The established technique provides a simple and powerful tool that expands the diagnostic possibilities, especially for otherwise unidentified or retrospective cases. It further allows insight into the molecular epidemiology of HFRS-causing agents. (+info)Genetic evidence of Dobrava virus in Apodemus agrarius in Hungary. (8/283)
Using nested polymerase chain reaction, we sequenced Dobrava virus (DOB) from the rodent Apodemus agrarius in Hungary. The samples we isolated group with DOB samples previously isolated from A. flavicollis. This grouping may indicate host switching. (+info)Hantavirus infections are a group of viral diseases caused by rodent-borne hantaviruses. These viruses are primarily transmitted to humans through the inhalation of aerosolized urine, droppings, or saliva from infected rodents, particularly the deer mouse, white-tailed mouse, and rice rat in North America.
There are several different types of hantavirus infections, including Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) and Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS). HPS is more common in the Americas, while HFRS is more prevalent in Europe and Asia.
Symptoms of hantavirus infections can vary depending on the specific type of infection but may include fever, muscle aches, headache, fatigue, and coughing. In severe cases, hantavirus infections can lead to respiratory failure, shock, and even death.
Preventive measures include avoiding contact with rodents, sealing entry points to prevent their entry into homes or buildings, and using appropriate personal protective equipment when cleaning areas where rodents may have been present. Currently, there is no specific treatment for hantavirus infections, but early recognition and supportive care can improve outcomes.
Hantavirus is an etiologic agent for several clinical syndromes, including hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). It's a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Bunyaviridae, genus Orthohantavirus.
These viruses are primarily transmitted to humans by inhalation of aerosolized excreta from infected rodents. The symptoms can range from flu-like illness to severe respiratory distress and renal failure, depending upon the specific hantavirus species. There are no known treatments for HFRS, but early recognition and supportive care can significantly improve outcomes. Ribavirin has been used in some cases of HPS with apparent benefit, although its general efficacy is not well-established
(References: CDC, NIH, WHO)
Puumala virus (PUUV) is an RNA virus that belongs to the Hantavirus genus in the Bunyaviridae family. It is the most common cause of nephropathia epidemica (NE), also known as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), in Europe. The virus is primarily transmitted to humans through contact with infected rodent urine, droppings, or saliva, particularly from the bank vole (Myodes glareolus). The symptoms of NE caused by PUUV include fever, headache, muscle pain, nausea, and vomiting, which can progress to acute kidney injury in severe cases. Preventive measures include avoiding contact with rodents and their excreta, as well as ensuring proper ventilation when cleaning areas where rodents may be present.
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) is a severe, sometimes fatal, respiratory disease in humans caused by infection with hantaviruses. These viruses are spread to people through the aerosolized urine, droppings, or saliva of infected rodents. The virus cannot be transmitted between humans unless there is direct contact with an infected person's blood or bodily fluids. Early symptoms include fatigue, fever, and muscle aches, followed by coughing and shortness of breath as the lungs fill with fluid leading to severe respiratory distress. It's crucial to seek immediate medical attention if you suspect HPS because it can progress rapidly to serious illness or death within days.
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) is a group of clinically similar diseases caused by several distinct but related orthohantaviruses. The viruses are primarily transmitted to humans through inhalation of aerosols contaminated with excreta of infected rodents.
The clinical presentation of HFRS includes four phases: febrile, hypotensive, oliguric (decreased urine output), and polyuric (increased urine output). The febrile phase is characterized by fever, headache, myalgia, and abdominal pain. In the hypotensive phase, patients may experience a sudden drop in blood pressure, shock, and acute kidney injury leading to oliguria. The oliguric phase can last for days to weeks, followed by a polyuric phase where urine output increases significantly.
Additional symptoms of HFRS may include nausea, vomiting, conjunctival injection (redness), photophobia (sensitivity to light), and petechial rash (small red or purple spots on the skin caused by bleeding under the skin). In severe cases, HFRS can lead to acute renal failure, hypovolemic shock, and even death.
The severity of HFRS varies depending on the specific virus causing the infection. The most severe form of HFRS is caused by the Hantaaan virus, which has a mortality rate of up to 15%. Other viruses that can cause HFRS include Dobrava-Belgrade, Seoul, and Puumala viruses, with lower mortality rates ranging from less than 1% to about 5%.
Prevention measures for HFRS include reducing exposure to rodents and their excreta through proper food storage, waste disposal, and rodent control. Vaccines are available in some countries to prevent HFRS caused by specific viruses.
Hantaan virus (HTNV) is a species of the genus Orthohantavirus, which causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in humans. This enveloped, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus is primarily transmitted to humans through contact with infected rodents or their excreta, particularly the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) in Asia. The virus was initially isolated in 1976 from the Hantaan River area in Korea.
HTNV infection leads to a spectrum of clinical manifestations in HFRS, ranging from mild to severe forms. The symptoms often include fever, headache, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and blurred vision. In severe cases, it can cause acute renal failure, hypotension, and hemorrhagic complications. The incubation period for HTNV infection typically ranges from 7 to 42 days.
Prevention strategies include avoiding contact with rodents, reducing rodent populations in living areas, using personal protective equipment when handling potentially infected materials, and ensuring proper food storage and waste disposal practices. No specific antiviral treatment is available for HFRS caused by HTNV; however, supportive care, such as fluid replacement and hemodialysis, can help manage severe symptoms and improve outcomes.
Rodent-borne diseases are infectious diseases transmitted to humans (and other animals) by rodents, their parasites or by contact with rodent urine, feces, or saliva. These diseases can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Some examples of rodent-borne diseases include Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Leptospirosis, Salmonellosis, Rat-bite fever, and Plague. It's important to note that rodents can also cause allergic reactions in some people through their dander, urine, or saliva. Proper sanitation, rodent control measures, and protective equipment when handling rodents can help prevent the spread of these diseases.
"Rodentia" is not a medical term, but a taxonomic category in biology. It refers to the largest order of mammals, comprising over 40% of all mammal species. Commonly known as rodents, this group includes mice, rats, hamsters, gerbils, guinea pigs, squirrels, prairie dogs, capybaras, beavers, and many others.
While "Rodentia" itself is not a medical term, certain conditions or issues related to rodents can have medical implications. For instance, rodents are known to carry and transmit various diseases that can affect humans, such as hantavirus, leptospirosis, salmonellosis, and lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCMV). Therefore, understanding the biology and behavior of rodents is important in the context of public health and preventive medicine.
A disease reservoir refers to a population or group of living organisms, including humans, animals, and even plants, that can naturally carry and transmit a particular pathogen (disease-causing agent) without necessarily showing symptoms of the disease themselves. These hosts serve as a source of infection for other susceptible individuals, allowing the pathogen to persist and circulate within a community or environment.
Disease reservoirs can be further classified into:
1. **Primary (or Main) Reservoir**: This refers to the species that primarily harbors and transmits the pathogen, contributing significantly to its natural ecology and maintaining its transmission cycle. For example, mosquitoes are the primary reservoirs for many arboviruses like dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses.
2. **Amplifying Hosts**: These hosts can become infected with the pathogen and experience a high rate of replication, leading to an increased concentration of the pathogen in their bodies. This allows for efficient transmission to other susceptible hosts or vectors. For instance, birds are amplifying hosts for West Nile virus, as they can become viremic (have high levels of virus in their blood) and infect feeding mosquitoes that then transmit the virus to other animals and humans.
3. **Dead-end Hosts**: These hosts may become infected with the pathogen but do not contribute significantly to its transmission cycle, as they either do not develop sufficient quantities of the pathogen to transmit it or do not come into contact with potential vectors or susceptible hosts. For example, humans are dead-end hosts for many zoonotic diseases like rabies, as they cannot transmit the virus to other humans.
Understanding disease reservoirs is crucial in developing effective strategies for controlling and preventing infectious diseases, as it helps identify key species and environments that contribute to their persistence and transmission.
Arvicolinae is a subfamily of rodents that includes voles, lemmings, and muskrats. These small mammals are characterized by their short legs, rounded bodies, and short tails. They are primarily found in the northern hemisphere, with the majority of species living in North America and Eurasia.
Arvicolines are known for their high reproductive rate and ability to survive in a variety of habitats, including grasslands, forests, tundra, and wetlands. They have a unique set of teeth called hypsodont teeth, which continue to grow throughout their lives. This adaptation allows them to wear down their teeth as they gnaw on tough plant material.
Many arvicoline species are important prey animals for larger predators, such as hawks, owls, and foxes. Some species, like the muskrat, are also hunted by humans for their fur or meat. In recent years, some arvicoline populations have experienced dramatic fluctuations in size due to changes in their habitats and food supplies, leading to concerns about their conservation status.
Seoul virus is a type of hantavirus that can cause a severe and sometimes fatal disease in humans called hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). It is primarily carried by the brown or Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) and is transmitted to humans through contact with infected rat urine, droppings, or saliva.
The virus can also be spread through aerosolized particles of rat excreta, making it possible for the virus to infect people who come into contact with contaminated dust or airborne particles. In addition, Seoul virus can be transmitted through the bite of an infected rat or by consuming food or water contaminated with rat urine or feces.
The symptoms of Seoul virus infection typically appear within 1-2 weeks after exposure and can include fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, nausea, and vomiting. In severe cases, the virus can cause damage to the blood vessels, leading to bleeding disorders, low blood pressure, and acute kidney failure.
Seoul virus is found worldwide, but it is most commonly reported in Asia. People who work in rat-infested environments, such as sewers, warehouses, and farms, are at increased risk of exposure to the virus. There is no specific treatment for Seoul virus infection, but supportive care, such as fluid replacement and management of complications, can improve outcomes. Prevention measures include avoiding contact with rats and their excreta, using personal protective equipment when working in rat-infested areas, and practicing good hygiene.
"Peromyscus" is not a medical term, but a genus of rodents commonly known as "deer mice." They are small mammals that belong to the family Cricetidae and are found in various parts of North America. Peromyscus mice can carry and transmit diseases, such as Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS), although they are not typically referred to in a medical context unless discussing potential zoonotic risks.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Panama" is not a medical term. It is a country located in Central America, known for its famous canal and diverse wildlife. If you have any questions about medical terms or conditions, I would be happy to help answer those!
Antibodies, viral are proteins produced by the immune system in response to an infection with a virus. These antibodies are capable of recognizing and binding to specific antigens on the surface of the virus, which helps to neutralize or destroy the virus and prevent its replication. Once produced, these antibodies can provide immunity against future infections with the same virus.
Viral antibodies are typically composed of four polypeptide chains - two heavy chains and two light chains - that are held together by disulfide bonds. The binding site for the antigen is located at the tip of the Y-shaped structure, formed by the variable regions of the heavy and light chains.
There are five classes of antibodies in humans: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM. Each class has a different function and is distributed differently throughout the body. For example, IgG is the most common type of antibody found in the bloodstream and provides long-term immunity against viruses, while IgA is found primarily in mucous membranes and helps to protect against respiratory and gastrointestinal infections.
In addition to their role in the immune response, viral antibodies can also be used as diagnostic tools to detect the presence of a specific virus in a patient's blood or other bodily fluids.
'Murinae' is not a medical term. It is a taxonomic classification used in biology, specifically for a subfamily of rodents that includes mice, rats, and several related species. The term 'Murinae' comes from the family Muridae, which is the largest family of mammals, containing over 700 species.
The misconception might arise because medical professionals sometimes use common names for various animals or organisms in their diagnoses, treatments, or research. However, it is essential to clarify that 'Murinae' is a scientific classification and not a medical term.
Nucleocapsid proteins are structural proteins that are associated with the viral genome in many viruses. They play a crucial role in the formation and stability of the viral particle, also known as the virion. In particular, nucleocapsid proteins bind to the viral RNA or DNA genome and help to protect it from degradation by host cell enzymes. They also participate in the assembly and disassembly of the virion during the viral replication cycle.
In some viruses, such as coronaviruses, the nucleocapsid protein is also involved in regulating the transcription and replication of the viral genome. The nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2, for example, has been shown to interact with host cell proteins that are involved in the regulation of gene expression, which may contribute to the virus's ability to manipulate the host cell environment and evade the immune response.
Overall, nucleocapsid proteins are important components of many viruses and are often targeted by antiviral therapies due to their essential role in the viral replication cycle.
Sin Nombre virus (SNV) is a type of hantavirus that was first identified in 1993 during an outbreak of severe respiratory illness in the Four Corners region of the southwestern United States. The name "Sin Nombre" means "without name" in Spanish and was given to the virus because it had not been previously identified or named.
SNV is primarily carried by deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and can be transmitted to humans through contact with infected rodent urine, droppings, or saliva, or by inhaling aerosolized particles of the virus. The virus causes hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), a severe and sometimes fatal respiratory disease characterized by fever, muscle aches, coughing, and shortness of breath.
SNV is a single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the family Bunyaviridae and the genus Hantavirus. It is a select agent, which means that it has the potential to pose a severe threat to public health and safety, and is therefore subject to strict regulations and controls by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other federal agencies.
I apologize for any confusion, but "Argentina" is a country in South America and not a medical term or concept. The term "argyria" may be what you're looking for, which is a rare condition resulting from the accumulation of silver compounds in the body, causing the skin to turn blue-gray. However, Argentina and argyria are two distinct terms with different meanings.
Seroepidemiologic studies are a type of epidemiological study that measures the presence and levels of antibodies in a population's blood serum to investigate the prevalence, distribution, and transmission of infectious diseases. These studies help to identify patterns of infection and immunity within a population, which can inform public health policies and interventions.
Seroepidemiologic studies typically involve collecting blood samples from a representative sample of individuals in a population and testing them for the presence of antibodies against specific pathogens. The results are then analyzed to estimate the prevalence of infection and immunity within the population, as well as any factors associated with increased or decreased risk of infection.
These studies can provide valuable insights into the spread of infectious diseases, including emerging and re-emerging infections, and help to monitor the effectiveness of vaccination programs. Additionally, seroepidemiologic studies can also be used to investigate the transmission dynamics of infectious agents, such as identifying sources of infection or tracking the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Zoonoses are infectious diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans. They are caused by pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, or fungi that naturally infect non-human animals and can sometimes infect and cause disease in humans through various transmission routes like direct contact with infected animals, consumption of contaminated food or water, or vectors like insects. Some well-known zoonotic diseases include rabies, Lyme disease, salmonellosis, and COVID-19 (which is believed to have originated from bats). Public health officials work to prevent and control zoonoses through various measures such as surveillance, education, vaccination, and management of animal populations.
Wild animals are those species of animals that are not domesticated or tamed by humans and live in their natural habitats without regular human intervention. They can include a wide variety of species, ranging from mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, to insects and other invertebrates.
Wild animals are adapted to survive in specific environments and have behaviors, physical traits, and social structures that enable them to find food, shelter, and mates. They can be found in various habitats such as forests, grasslands, deserts, oceans, rivers, and mountains. Some wild animals may come into contact with human populations, particularly in urban areas where their natural habitats have been destroyed or fragmented.
It is important to note that the term "wild" does not necessarily mean that an animal is aggressive or dangerous. While some wild animals can be potentially harmful to humans if provoked or threatened, many are generally peaceful and prefer to avoid contact with people. However, it is essential to respect their natural behaviors and habitats and maintain a safe distance from them to prevent any potential conflicts or harm to either party.
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody, which is a protective protein produced by the immune system in response to foreign substances like bacteria or viruses. IgG is the most abundant type of antibody in human blood, making up about 75-80% of all antibodies. It is found in all body fluids and plays a crucial role in fighting infections caused by bacteria, viruses, and toxins.
IgG has several important functions:
1. Neutralization: IgG can bind to the surface of bacteria or viruses, preventing them from attaching to and infecting human cells.
2. Opsonization: IgG coats the surface of pathogens, making them more recognizable and easier for immune cells like neutrophils and macrophages to phagocytose (engulf and destroy) them.
3. Complement activation: IgG can activate the complement system, a group of proteins that work together to help eliminate pathogens from the body. Activation of the complement system leads to the formation of the membrane attack complex, which creates holes in the cell membranes of bacteria, leading to their lysis (destruction).
4. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC): IgG can bind to immune cells like natural killer (NK) cells and trigger them to release substances that cause target cells (such as virus-infected or cancerous cells) to undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death).
5. Immune complex formation: IgG can form immune complexes with antigens, which can then be removed from the body through various mechanisms, such as phagocytosis by immune cells or excretion in urine.
IgG is a critical component of adaptive immunity and provides long-lasting protection against reinfection with many pathogens. It has four subclasses (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) that differ in their structure, function, and distribution in the body.
An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is a type of analytical biochemistry assay used to detect and quantify the presence of a substance, typically a protein or peptide, in a liquid sample. It takes its name from the enzyme-linked antibodies used in the assay.
In an ELISA, the sample is added to a well containing a surface that has been treated to capture the target substance. If the target substance is present in the sample, it will bind to the surface. Next, an enzyme-linked antibody specific to the target substance is added. This antibody will bind to the captured target substance if it is present. After washing away any unbound material, a substrate for the enzyme is added. If the enzyme is present due to its linkage to the antibody, it will catalyze a reaction that produces a detectable signal, such as a color change or fluorescence. The intensity of this signal is proportional to the amount of target substance present in the sample, allowing for quantification.
ELISAs are widely used in research and clinical settings to detect and measure various substances, including hormones, viruses, and bacteria. They offer high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility, making them a reliable choice for many applications.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Germany" is not a medical term or concept. It is the name of a country in central Europe. If you have any questions related to medical topics, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you!
Phylogeny is the evolutionary history and relationship among biological entities, such as species or genes, based on their shared characteristics. In other words, it refers to the branching pattern of evolution that shows how various organisms have descended from a common ancestor over time. Phylogenetic analysis involves constructing a tree-like diagram called a phylogenetic tree, which depicts the inferred evolutionary relationships among organisms or genes based on molecular sequence data or other types of characters. This information is crucial for understanding the diversity and distribution of life on Earth, as well as for studying the emergence and spread of diseases.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Paraguay" is not a medical term. It is the name of a country located in the central part of South America, bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Bolivia to the north and west, and Brazil to the east and northeast. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to try to help answer them for you.
'Insectivora' is an outdated taxonomic grouping that was once used to classify small, insect-eating mammals. This order included shrews, moles, hedgehogs, and several other related species. However, modern molecular evidence has revealed that this grouping is not monophyletic, meaning it does not include all descendants of a common ancestor. As a result, the order Insectivora is no longer recognized in current taxonomy. Instead, these animals are now classified into several different orders based on their evolutionary relationships.
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is a type of antibody that is primarily found in the blood and lymph fluid. It is the first antibody to be produced in response to an initial exposure to an antigen, making it an important part of the body's primary immune response. IgM antibodies are large molecules that are composed of five basic units, giving them a pentameric structure. They are primarily found on the surface of B cells as membrane-bound immunoglobulins (mlgM), where they function as receptors for antigens. Once an mlgM receptor binds to an antigen, it triggers the activation and differentiation of the B cell into a plasma cell that produces and secretes large amounts of soluble IgM antibodies.
IgM antibodies are particularly effective at agglutination (clumping) and complement activation, which makes them important in the early stages of an immune response to help clear pathogens from the bloodstream. However, they are not as stable or long-lived as other types of antibodies, such as IgG, and their levels tend to decline after the initial immune response has occurred.
In summary, Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is a type of antibody that plays a crucial role in the primary immune response to antigens by agglutination and complement activation. It is primarily found in the blood and lymph fluid, and it is produced by B cells after they are activated by an antigen.
I apologize, but "Brazil" is not a medical term or condition. It is the largest country in both South America and Latin America by land area and population. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health concerns, please provide more information and I will do my best to help.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "seasons" is not a term that has a medical definition. Seasons refer to the four divisions of the year (spring, summer, autumn or fall, and winter) based on the position of the earth in its orbit around the sun. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to try to help answer those!
Sigmodontinae is a subfamily of rodents, more specifically within the family Cricetidae. This group is commonly known as the New World rats and mice, and it includes over 300 species that are primarily found in North, Central, and South America. The members of Sigmodontinae vary greatly in size and habits, with some being arboreal while others live on the ground or burrow. Some species have specialized diets, such as eating insects or seeds, while others are more generalist feeders. This subfamily is also notable for its high degree of speciation and diversity, making it an interesting subject for evolutionary biologists and ecologists.
Negative-strand RNA virus
Andes orthohantavirus
Bunyavirales
Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
Trench nephritis
List of systemic diseases with ocular manifestations
Puumala orthohantavirus
Nova virus
Orthohantavirus
Seoul orthohantavirus
Kidney failure
Bank vole
Gou virus
New York orthohantavirus
Sangassou orthohantavirus
Conjunctival suffusion
Calabazo virus
Prairie vole
Oryzomys couesi
Hantaan orthohantavirus
Hantavirus vaccine
Choclo orthohantavirus
Fort Totten School District
Curry Village
Magboi virus
Sweating sickness
Picardy sweat
Ho Wang Lee
Cursor grass mouse
Scientific consensus on climate change
Hantavirus Infections: MedlinePlus
Hantavirus Infections: MedlinePlus
Hantavirus infections in Europe
Browsing by Subject "Hantavirus Infections"
Update: Hantavirus Infection -- United States, 1993
Browsing by Subject "Hantavirus Infections"
Hantavirus Infection -- United States, 1993
Human Hantavirus Infections, Sweden - Volume 9, Number 11-November 2003 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
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Human Hantavirus Infections, Sweden - Volume 9, Number 11-November 2003 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
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Pulmonary32
- The park is contacting visitors who stayed in the Signature Tent Cabins from mid-June through the end of August, advising them to seek immediate medical attention if they exhibit symptoms of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS), a rare but serious illness caused by hantavirus. (cdc.gov)
- The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a national health advisory, Notice to Health Care Providers: Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome Cases Associated with Staying in Yosemite National Park, California. (cdc.gov)
- The purpose of this this advisory, which was distributed through CDC's Health Alert Network, is to inform state health departments and health care providers to be alert to the possibility of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome in patients who may have had recent exposure to rodents or a history of travel to Yosemite National Park during June through August 2012. (cdc.gov)
- Yosemite National Park announced that it continues to scale up its public health response and outreach as a result of 6 confirmed cases of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome in individuals who visited the since June of this year. (cdc.gov)
- The questions and answers below provide information for recent U.S. visitors to Yosemite and health care providers regarding the risk of exposure, diagnosis and testing for Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) among recent visitors to Yosemite National Park, as well as links and phone numbers for further information. (cdc.gov)
- Am I at risk for developing Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome? (cdc.gov)
- This newly discovered viral infection was named Sin Nombre virus infection or Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS). (mcgill.ca)
- Dolin R. California encephalitis, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, and bunyavirus hemorrhagic fevers. (medlineplus.gov)
- Eight case- patients experienced hantavirus pulmonary syndrome , of whom 5 required intensive care with ventilatory support and 3 died. (bvsalud.org)
- Sin Nombre virus (SNV), as it is now known, is the primary agent responsible for Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and the deadliest member of the Hantavirus family. (medscape.com)
- In Asia and Europe hantaviruses cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) whereas the American hantaviruses cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). (reagena.com)
- Available at: https://www.dynamed.com/condition/hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome. (epnet.com)
- Sin Nombre virus (SNV) and Andes virus (ANDV) cause most of the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) cases in North and South America, respectively. (nih.gov)
- Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome-United States: updated recommendations for risk reduction. (ajtmh.org)
- Using remotely sensed data to identify area at risk for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. (ajtmh.org)
- Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: a clinical description of 17 patients with a newly recognized disease. (ajtmh.org)
- The most common type of hantavirus illness found in the United States is Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS), the CDC says, and again, it's rare . (snopes.com)
- The American virus causes hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: fever, chills, and severe muscle pain, followed by respiratory distress. (sciencedaily.com)
- An adult male from Carroll County was diagnosed with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in June of 1999. (vivu.tv)
- It takes about one to five weeks (incubation period) for the signs and symptoms of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome to begin. (vivu.tv)
- The deer mouse is a medically important species because it carries Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS). (vivu.tv)
- Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is a serious, often deadly, respiratory disease that has been found mostly in rural areas of the western United States. (klickitatcounty.org)
- The deer mouse is the primary carrier of the virus that causes hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. (klickitatcounty.org)
- You cannot become infected by being near a person who has hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. (klickitatcounty.org)
- Symptoms of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome usually appear within 2 weeks of infection but can appear as early as 3 days to and as late as 6 weeks after infection. (klickitatcounty.org)
- Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is a rare disease, and most tourists are not at increased risk for hantavirus infection. (klickitatcounty.org)
- In the past 20 years of surveillance for hantavirus in humans in the United States, 624 cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) have been reported, 96% of which occurred in states west of the Mississippi River. (medscape.com)
- A spokeswoman for the Washtenaw County health department told USA Today that the woman recovered from hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and is no longer in the hospital. (ksby.com)
- Hantavirus was first discovered to be responsible for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in ill patients in the southwest United States in 1993. (ksby.com)
- It is among the most deadly known human viruses: 30 percent to 40 percent of people who are diagnosed die from hantavirus pulmonary fever. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
- The clinical syndrome caused by Sin Nombre virus (SNV) became known as Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) or, more accurately, Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). (medscape.com)
- The virus causes hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, which begins with average flu symptoms that escalate dramatically to "shortness of breath and coughing as the lungs fill up with fluid" in four to 10 days, Besser said. (collegenews.com)
Syndrome22
- Members of the genus Hantavirus (family Bunyaviridae ) are commonly transmitted to humans through infected rodent excretions and may cause two severe human diseases: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
- Seoul hantavirus causes the renal syndrome. (msdmanuals.com)
- Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is a group of similar illnesses caused by hantaviruses. (msdmanuals.com)
- In some people with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, the infection is mild and does not cause symptoms. (msdmanuals.com)
- Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) caused by pathogenic hantaviruses in Europe and Asia is often characterized by acute kidney injury (AKI) with massive proteinuria. (biomedcentral.com)
- The more distantly related Hantaan, Seoul, Dobrava/Belgrade, and Puumala hantaviruses produce a distinct syndrome of hemorrhagic fever and renal failure (HFRS). (medscape.com)
- Dobrava-Belgrade virus (DOBV) and Hantaan virus (HTNV) hantaviruses cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). (reagena.com)
- Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a zoonosis caused by rodent-borne hantaviruses. (slu.se)
- Hantaviruses cause two distinct diseases, depending on the agent: hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in North and South America and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Europe and Asia. (einsteinmed.edu)
- A second type of illness caused by a hantavirus is Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS). (snopes.com)
- European and Asian hantaviruses cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), a group of similar illnesses with symptoms including, fever, kidney failure, and bleeding. (sciencedaily.com)
- Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) has symptoms that are often life threatening and include sudden-onset fever, headache, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, cough, and shortness of breath. (tripprep.com)
- viral-hemorrhagic-fevers fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), caused by different hantaviruses, begins like HCPS but does not have lung involvement. (tripprep.com)
- Most hantavirus infections are caused by Sin Nombre virus, but cases of HPS caused by Bayou, Black Creek Canal, Monongahela, and New York viruses have been reported, and cases of domestically acquired hemorrhagic fever and renal syndrome caused by Seoul virus have also occurred. (medscape.com)
- The respiratory syndrome caused by a hantavirus infection comes from breathing in small viral particles in the excrement of infected rodents. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
- The clinical course of Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) advances through several sequential stages. (medscape.com)
- Clinical progression of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. (medscape.com)
- Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), however, was not recognized until May of 1993, when an unusual illness struck a Navajo tribe living on the border of New Mexico and Arizona. (medscape.com)
- Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) precautions during the 1993 outbreak. (medscape.com)
- Geographic distribution and viral cause of Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). (medscape.com)
- Some strains of hantavirus, including those prevalent in the southwestern U.S. and South America, cause a cardiopulmonary syndrome that kills more than 30 percent of those they infect. (pewtrusts.org)
- According to the CDC, "There is no specific treatment, cure or vaccine for hantavirus infection," but intensive care can help the patient if the syndrome is recognized early. (collegenews.com)
Puumala6
- The prevalent human hantavirus disease in Sweden is nephropathia epidemica, which is caused by Puumala virus and shed by infected bank voles ( Clethrionomys glareolus ). (cdc.gov)
- We analyzed the cellular consequences of hantavirus infection by measuring adhesion and migration capacity of human renal cells infected with Puumala (PUUV) or Hantaan (HTNV) virus. (biomedcentral.com)
- The Puumala hantavirus is a causative agent of nephropathia epidemica (NE) and it is carried by the bank vole ( Myodes glareolus ). (reagena.com)
- In Europe, Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) carried and shed by the bank vole (Myodes glareolus), is the most common cause of HFRS. (slu.se)
- The researchers chose it from among more than 100 antibodies isolated from Swedish patients who had recovered from infection with Puumala virus, an HFRS-causing hantavirus endemic in northern Europe. (einsteinmed.edu)
- This lead antibody recognized a portion of the Puumala virus spike glycoprotein complex that is also found in other hantaviruses: It broadly protected hamsters and voles challenged with hantaviruses responsible for both HCPS and HFRS. (einsteinmed.edu)
Nombre8
- In the U.S., the type of hantavirus that causes HPS is known as Sin Nombre Hantavirus. (cdc.gov)
- The host of the Sin Nombre hantavirus is the deer mouse ( Peromyscus maniculatus ), which is present throughout the western and central U.S., including Yosemite National Park. (cdc.gov)
- Each spring, as rodents emerge from their burrows, Four Corners residents cleaning out storage sheds or woodpiles know to be on the lookout for tiny deer mice, which can carry the deadly Sin Nombre hantavirus. (unm.edu)
- In the case of the Sin Nombre virus, first identified following an outbreak in the Southwest in 1993, the primary treatment of severe disease involves placing a patient on heart-lung bypass using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to help them survive the infection. (unm.edu)
- And while previous hantavirus cases have been concentrated in the Four Corners region, Bradfute says it appears that rodents elsewhere in New Mexico also carry the Sin Nombre strain. (unm.edu)
- Bradfute notes that even if rodent populations carrying the hantavirus are more widespread than previously believed, "The infection rate for Sin Nombre is still very, very low. (unm.edu)
- The first confirmed human case of Sin Nombre hantavirus has been reported in Michigan, the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services said. (ksby.com)
- The most important hantavirus in the U.S. that causes HPS is the Sin Nombre virus, which is spread by the deer mouse and white-footed mouse. (ksby.com)
Evidence of hantavirus infection4
- CDC is supporting the NPS response with testing of patient samples for evidence of hantavirus infection, providing guidance on clinical management of HPS and epidemiologic support for the response, and maintaining a Hantavirus Hotline for public inquiries. (cdc.gov)
- The Texas Department of Health and CDC are continuing to investigate this illness by examining clinical materials using additional techniques and seeking evidence of hantavirus infection in rodents in the vicinity. (cdc.gov)
- Except for illnesses in the Texas patient described in this report and in a person who had traveled to the four-state area in 1992 (4), no evidence of hantavirus infection has been detected in serologic tests conducted at CDC on specimens from 22 other persons with unexplained ARDS who resided outside the four-state area. (cdc.gov)
- Serum samples from those afflicted demonstrated evidence of Hantavirus infection and within 10 weeks of the original outbreak, researchers had successfully developed a diagnostic test for the virus. (medscape.com)
HFRS4
- The infection of renal cells by hantaviruses may contribute to proteinuria and may represent a determinant in the clinical course of HFRS. (biomedcentral.com)
- People who become infected with this virus often exhibit relatively mild or no symptoms, but some develop HFRS ( https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/hfrs ), which can result in death in approximately 1-2% of HFRS cases. (cdc.gov)
- Consequences of infection include respiratory failure (HCPS) or kidney failure (HFRS) that is severe enough to cause death. (tripprep.com)
- European and Asian hantaviruses can infect humans, causing HFRS, which is a febrile illness with kidney involvement that, for some types of hantaviruses, may include bleeding manifestations. (tripprep.com)
Infect3
- Hantaviruses infect various species of rodents throughout the world. (msdmanuals.com)
- We don't yet know what symptoms the Sangassou virus might cause or how virulent it is," said ter Meulen, "but we have already obtained preliminary evidence that the Sangassou virus can infect humans, because we identified hantavirus-specific neutralizing antibodies in [the blood] of humans living in the area where the virus was detected. (sciencedaily.com)
- Several hantaviruses that can infect people have been identified in the U.S. and each hantavirus has a primary rodent host. (ksby.com)
Viruses16
- Overview of Arbovirus, Arenavirus, and Filovirus Infections Arbovirus, arenavirus, and filovirus are viruses that are spread from animals to people and, with some viruses, from people to people. (msdmanuals.com)
- The hantaviruses are RNA zoonotic viruses that are generally spherical in shape, measuring 70-100 nm in diameter, and can be identified by inclusion bodies and distinctive gridlike patterns on electron microscopy. (medscape.com)
- Seoul virus is a member of the hantavirus group of rodent-borne viruses. (cdc.gov)
- During late December 2016, CDC tested a blood specimen from the patient and confirmed that the infection was caused by Seoul virus, a member of the hantavirus family of rodent-borne viruses. (cdc.gov)
- Notable vertebrate −ssRNA viruses include the Ebola virus, hantaviruses, influenza viruses, the Lassa fever virus, and the rabies virus. (wikipedia.org)
- This novel hantavirus is related to viruses that cause severe disease in humans in Central and Eastern Europe. (sciencedaily.com)
- Upregulation of PD-1 and its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 is observed during acute virus infection and after infection with persistent viruses including important human pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV). (frontiersin.org)
- Infections with viruses of the genus ORTHOHANTAVIRUS. (bvsalud.org)
- Hantaviruses are viruses that are primarily carried by rodents. (tripprep.com)
- Hantavirus is a general term that classifies different types of viruses. (bioprepwatch.com)
- In a paper published recently in the journal Viruses , Bradfute and colleagues in his lab and the UNM Museum of Southwest Biology reported that they have developed a tool that uses reverse-transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction technology to rapidly screen the tissue of wild-caught rodents for the presence of hantavirus. (unm.edu)
- Within a few years, 4 additional disease-associated hantaviruses indigenous to the United States were described: Bayou, Black Creek Canal, New York, and Monongahela viruses. (medscape.com)
- Hantaviruses (family Bunyaviridae , genus Hantavirus ) are rodent- and insectivore-borne viruses that are distributed in all continents except Antarctica. (medscape.com)
- Hantaviruses are a family of viruses spread mainly by wild rodents and occur worldwide. (ksby.com)
- Infections with viruses of the family Hantaviridae. (usda.gov)
- About 20 viruses have been identified within the genus Hantavirus, family Bunyaviridae, but only 11 have been shown to cause human disease. (medscape.com)
19934
- Laboratory evidence of acute hantavirus infection has been confirmed in 16 patients who had onset of illness from January 1 through June 30, 1993. (cdc.gov)
- Hantavirus was not seen in the Americas until 1993, when it killed approximately 20 people in the western United States. (sciencedaily.com)
- National surveillance for hantavirus infections in the United States began in 1993, and HPS became nationally notifiable in 1995. (medscape.com)
- Hantavirus is so rare that fewer than 600 cases have been reported in the United States since the virus was identified in 1993, according to ABC News. (collegenews.com)
Centers for Diseas2
- Physicians from the Indian Health Service and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) determined that a rodent vector was responsible for the infection and identified the responsible virus as a member of the Hantavirus family. (medscape.com)
- Through a review of literature and data from the hantavirus surveillance registry of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA, we have summarized the spectrum and distribution of human hantavirus infections in the United States through July 9, 2013. (medscape.com)
Member of the hantavirus group1
- To identify host-cell genes needed for viral replication, Bates and Briley first used a less dangerous virus that was engineered to exhibit some characteristics of a member of the hantavirus group found in South America called Andes virus (ANDV). (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Humans21
- A previous report suggests that the prevalence of hantavirus-specific antibodies is low in humans in the United States (6). (cdc.gov)
- Approximately 60,000-150,000 humans are hospitalized because of hantavirus infections worldwide each year, and to date, no specific treatment is available ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
- In a randomized and stratified study within northern Sweden, the prevalence of PUUV-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibodies was 5.4% in adult humans, implying that approximately one eighth of human PUUV infections were diagnosed and reported ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
- Hantavirus can cause serious disease in humans. (ca.gov)
- Hantaviruses are distributed worldwide and among the emerging pathogens that attract the attention of kidney research due to increasing numbers of cases and due to identification of novel species with pathogenic potential to humans [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Hantavirus is a life-threatening viral infection spread to humans by rodents. (medlineplus.gov)
- Hantaviruses are transmitted to humans via the aerosolized urine, faeces, or saliva of chronically infected carrier rodents. (reagena.com)
- Hantavirus infection cannot be passed between humans. (epnet.com)
- A man who passed away in China's Yunnan Province tested positive for hantavirus, a rare type of virus transmitted from rodents to humans, and news reports about that event raised fears that a new disease outbreak was looming. (snopes.com)
- Instead, hantaviruses are spread from rodents to humans, and cases are extremely rare. (snopes.com)
- Because hantavirus is not new and because it isn't transmitted between humans, no one should fear that a new outbreak of disease caused by hantavirus is looming. (snopes.com)
- Researchers in the West African country of Guinea have discovered the first African hantavirus, a type of rodent- borne virus that can cause life-threatening infections in humans. (sciencedaily.com)
- Researchers have discovered the first African hantavirus, a type of rodent-borne virus that can cause life-threatening infections in humans when it is inhaled through aerosolized rodent urine or droppings. (sciencedaily.com)
- The disease is caused by a hantavirus that is carried by rodents and passed on to humans through infected rodent urine, saliva, and droppings. (klickitatcounty.org)
- Hantaviruses are mainly transmitted to humans via inhalation of aerosols of contaminated rodent urine and (possibly) feces. (tripprep.com)
- Salmonella infections can be transmitted to humans, even if the infected gerbil does not seem sick. (msdvetmanual.com)
- We now understand that several hantaviruses are endemic to North America, and infections in humans continue to occur where humans come into contact with infected rodents. (medscape.com)
- [ 4 ] It is not known if all hantaviruses cause disease in humans. (medscape.com)
- [ 5 ] All known New World hantaviruses pathogenic to humans, including SNV and Andes virus, cause HPS, in which the primary organ affected is the lungs. (medscape.com)
- Hantavirus infections are associated with domestic, occupational, or recreational activities that bring humans into contact with infected rodents. (ksby.com)
- In addition, I will examine whether these key host factors also influence infection by other hantaviruses not currently known to cause disease in humans, and if they might impose barriers to transmission of hantaviruses from their animal reservoirs to humans. (pewtrusts.org)
Droppings9
- Hantavirus is a virus that spreads through the urine, droppings (poop), or saliva of wild rodents, including deer mice , which are common in many parts of California. (ca.gov)
- Particles containing hantavirus get into the air when mouse urine, saliva, or droppings are stirred up. (ca.gov)
- Doctors suspect hantavirus if you have symptoms and you've been around rodents and their droppings. (msdmanuals.com)
- Hantaviruses are spread through contact with infected rodents or their droppings. (msdmanuals.com)
- The infection is spread when people have contact with rodents or their droppings or urine or possibly when they inhale virus particles in places with large amounts of rodent droppings. (msdmanuals.com)
- Symptoms of hantavirus infection begin with sudden fever, headache, and muscle aches, typically about 2 weeks after exposure to the rodent droppings or urine. (msdmanuals.com)
- However, visitors to rural areas and nature resorts, campers, hikers, and others who take part in activities outdoors can become exposed to rodent urine, saliva, and droppings and become infected with hantavirus. (klickitatcounty.org)
- If your activities take you to areas where you may become exposed to rodent and their urine, saliva, or droppings, take the precautions listed in this sheet to prevent being exposed to hantavirus. (klickitatcounty.org)
- HPS is caused by some strains of hantavirus and is a rare but severe and sometimes fatal respiratory disease that can occur one to five weeks after a person has exposure to fresh urine, droppings, or saliva from infected rodents," said Dr. Joneigh Khaldun, chief medical executive and chief deputy for health at MDHHS. (ksby.com)
Antibodies1
- The antibodies were originally isolated from Swedish patients who had been exposed to an Old World hantavirus, he said. (unm.edu)
Carried by rodents1
- Hantavirus is carried by rodents, particularly deer mice. (medlineplus.gov)
Pathogenic2
- However, there are numerous other pathogenic hantaviruses. (medscape.com)
- Currently, over 20 different human pathogenic hantaviruses have been identified worldwide. (reagena.com)
Outbreak7
- The current outbreak appears to be caused by a newly recognized hantavirus associated with Peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse). (cdc.gov)
- Genetic identification of a hantavirus associated with an outbreak of acute respiratory illness. (ajtmh.org)
- Does China Have a 'New' Outbreak of Hantavirus? (snopes.com)
- A new disease outbreak caused by the hantavirus has been detected in China. (snopes.com)
- Though rare, a single human case of hantavirus infection, which is spread by rodents, is neither an "outbreak" nor a new phenomenon. (snopes.com)
- However, a single reported case of hantavirus in China does not an outbreak make, and hantaviruses are hardly new. (snopes.com)
- [ 5 ] In the United States, ≈90% of hantavirus infections are acquired through household or occupational exposures, [ 11 ] although a 2012 outbreak among Yosemite National Park visitors is a noteworthy example of recreational hantavirus exposure. (medscape.com)
Andes4
- rarely, Andes hantavirus in southern South America spreads directly between people in close physical contact. (msdmanuals.com)
- [ 1 ] but, except for the Andes hantavirus, have not been shown to be capable of human-to-human transmission. (medscape.com)
- Andes virus is the only person-to-person transmittable hantavirus. (reagena.com)
- [ 10 ] The only hantavirus species with evidence of human-to-human transmission is Andes virus, which is endemic to South America. (medscape.com)
Case of hantavirus infection2
- A fatal case of hantavirus infection occurred in China in March 2020. (snopes.com)
- No case of Hantavirus infection was found. (ersjournals.com)
Cases of hantavirus infection2
- As of November 1, 2012 the National Park Service (NPS) has announced a total of 10 confirmed cases of hantavirus infection in people who recently visited Yosemite National Park. (cdc.gov)
- A few cases of hantavirus infection, spread by pet or laboratory rats, have occurred in the United States, Canada, and Europe. (msdmanuals.com)
HCPS3
- American hantaviruses cause HCPS, a severe infection affecting the lungs and the heart. (tripprep.com)
- Five of the "New World" Hantaviruses cause HCPS in North America, while a few others cause disease in Central America and South America. (medscape.com)
- SNV is the prototypical New World Hantavirus and is the cause of the vast majority of cases of HCPS in the United States (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Dobrava-Belgrade1
- Severe infections with hantaviruses HTNV, Dobrava-Belgrade virus (DOBV), or PUUV are characterized by AKI with massive proteinuria. (biomedcentral.com)
Risk for hantavirus1
- Continuous public awareness and rodent control and exclusion are key measures in minimizing the risk for hantavirus infection in areas inhabited by deer mice . (bvsalud.org)
Rodent host2
- Ecologic factors that mediate hantavirus distribution and maintenance in rodent host populations are not well known, but local variations of hantavirus antibody prevalence within host populations have been observed ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
- Each hantavirus species is carried primarily by a distinct rodent host. (reagena.com)
20191
- In contrast to hantavirus illnesses, COVID-19 has encircled the globe in a matter of months since its initial detection in late 2019. (snopes.com)
Types of hantavirus2
- There are different types of hantavirus in different parts of the world. (msdmanuals.com)
- Like each of the more than two dozen other types of hantavirus, Sangassou virus is carried by only one host species-limiting its spread to the natural range of the African wood mouse, from southern Guinea across parts of Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Ivory Coast, to Ghana. (sciencedaily.com)
Suspect hantavirus1
- Healthcare providers who suspect hantavirus infection in a patient should contact their state or local health department. (cdc.gov)
Rats8
- Surprisingly, after trapping various types of rodents, researchers confirmed that this lethal Hantavirus emerged from mice and some rats. (mcgill.ca)
- CDC and health officials from Wisconsin and Illinois are conducting an investigation of Seoul virus infections among pet rats and persons exposed to rats at rat-breeding facilities in Wisconsin and Illinois. (cdc.gov)
- CDC currently recommends testing of all persons who report recent or current illness after (1) handling rats from a facility with Seoul virus infection that was confirmed by laboratory testing (either rat or human), or (2) handling rats from a facility that sold rats to a facility with Seoul virus infection. (cdc.gov)
- Testing is also offered to persons without illness but (1) who are reporting exposure to rats from a facility with Seoul virus infection that was confirmed by laboratory testing, or (2) who are reporting exposure to rats from a facility that sold rats to a facility with Seoul virus infection but where no illness has been reported. (cdc.gov)
- A follow-up investigation of rat breeders who supplied the initial patient's rats revealed six additional human cases of Seoul virus infections occurring at two Illinois rat-breeding facilities. (cdc.gov)
- Persons at risk of Seoul virus infection due to exposure to infected rats are also being identified. (cdc.gov)
- Rats are carriers of disease, and can spread infections to human beings. (horizonpestcontrol.com)
- Rats are known to spread infections such as Hantavirus, Salmonella, and Weil's disease. (horizonpestcontrol.com)
Wild rodents2
- Hantavirus infects wild rodents throughout the world. (msdmanuals.com)
- Hantavirus is spread from wild rodents to people. (klickitatcounty.org)
Species4
- Previously, two well-characterized hantaviruses had been isolated from different species in the United States: Seoul virus from Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) and Prospect Hill virus from Microtus pennsylvanicus (meadow vole) (5). (cdc.gov)
- There are several species of hantavirus. (msdmanuals.com)
- The particular organs affected are related to the specific species of Hantavirus. (medscape.com)
- In recently published research, Bradfute and his colleagues have developed new gene sequencing methods to confirm the presence of hantavirus, discovered that the virus may also be carried by other rodent species, including house mice, brush mice, white-footed mice, piñon mice and chipmunks, and even identified a potential therapy for an illness that, until now, has had no cure. (unm.edu)
Severe3
- Symptoms of hantavirus infection can be mild or severe, depending on whether a person's lungs become infected. (ca.gov)
- The virus can cause severe infections of the lungs (with cough and shortness of breath) or kidneys (with abdominal pain, and sometimes kidney failure). (msdmanuals.com)
- No therapies are available for the 50,000 severe and often fatal infections caused each year by rodent-borne hantaviruses, a diverse and globally distributed group of emerging viral agents. (einsteinmed.edu)
Fever2
- The infection starts with sudden fever, headache, muscle aches, and sometimes abdominal symptoms, which may be followed by a cough and shortness of breath or by kidney problems. (msdmanuals.com)
- Abstract INTRODUCTION: Chikungunya fever is a condition resulting from infection by chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an Aedes sp. (scielo.br)
Acute4
- Editorial Note: The findings of the investigation described in this report suggest that acute hantavirus infection occurred in a resident of eastern Texas. (cdc.gov)
- This case suggests that ARDS associated with acute hantavirus infection can occur in areas outside the southwestern United States. (cdc.gov)
- Experimental evidence suggests that insufficient signaling through the PD-1 pathway promotes immunopathology during acute infection by exaggerating primary T cell responses. (frontiersin.org)
- The role of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis during viral infections is further complicated by evidence that PD-L1 also mediates inflammatory effects in the acute phase of an immune response. (frontiersin.org)
Carry hantavirus2
- In the Southeast, the cotton rat is known to carry hantavirus. (klickitatcounty.org)
- Anyone who comes into contact with rodents that carry hantavirus is at risk for HPS and healthcare providers with a suspect case of hantavirus should contact their local health department to report the case and discuss options for confirmatory testing. (ksby.com)
Different hantaviruses1
- In research published online on March 16 in Science Translational Medicine , Kartik Chandran, Ph.D. , Eva Mittler, Ph.D. , and other members of the Prometheus consortium identified a monoclonal antibody with potential for neutralizing many different hantaviruses. (einsteinmed.edu)
Viral Infections2
- Overview of Viral Infections A virus is a tiny living organism. (msdmanuals.com)
- Hemorrhagic Fevers Overview Hemorrhagic fevers are serious viral infections characterized by bleeding (hemorrhage). (merckmanuals.com)
Renal5
- However, the detailed mechanisms of renal impairment induced by hantaviruses are not well understood. (biomedcentral.com)
- The direct impairment of migration capacity of renal cells by hantaviral N proteins may contribute substantially to proteinuria observed in the clinical picture of hantavirus infection. (biomedcentral.com)
- However, the underlying mechanisms and effects of hantavirus infection on human renal cells have not been investigated so far. (biomedcentral.com)
- To identify the consequences of hantavirus infection, we analyzed adhesion and motility capacity of human renal cells infected with hantaviruses PUUV or HTNV. (biomedcentral.com)
- Hantavirus particles are not found within the renal tubular cells of patients with HPS. (medscape.com)
Strains1
- In another new paper published in Science Translational Medicine , Bradfute joined an international consortium of investigators led by Kartik Chandran, PhD, professor of microbiology and immunology at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, that identified a monoclonal antibody that appears to provide broad protection against both Old and New World strains of hantavirus. (unm.edu)
South America2
- Retrospective analyses indicate that HPS has been present in North America since as early as 1959, and Hantavirus infections have now been reported in at least 32 states in the United States, as well as in Canada and South America. (medscape.com)
- Hantavirus is found in North, Central and South America. (epnet.com)
Virus13
- NPS public health officials believe that 9 of the 10 people with confirmed hantavirus infection were exposed to the virus while staying at the Signature Tent Cabins in Curry Village in Yosemite National Park. (cdc.gov)
- The other park visitor with hantavirus infection was probably exposed to the virus while hiking or staying at the High Sierra Camps, located about 15 miles from Curry Village. (cdc.gov)
- People can become infected with hantavirus when they breathe in air that is contaminated with the virus. (ca.gov)
- In general, CDC recommends consideration of hantavirus testing in all persons with symptoms of Seoul virus infection and rat contact, even if the rat was not associated with a facility where a confirmed infection in a rat or human was reported. (cdc.gov)
- In a viral infection, the virus uses your cells to grow and reproduce, making you ill in the process. (epnet.com)
- Hantavirus infection is caused by a virus. (epnet.com)
- How can I prevent Ebola and Marburg virus infection? (merckmanuals.com)
- After finding the virus, the group cloned and sequenced it and compared it with known hantaviruses. (sciencedaily.com)
- The new virus shares approximately 75 percent of its nucleotides and 85 percent of its amino acids with Asian and European hantaviruses. (sciencedaily.com)
- Marburg and Ebola virus infections cause bleeding and organ malfunction. (merckmanuals.com)
- Outbreaks of Ebola and Marburg virus infections started in Central and West Africa, probably because the infections are common in wild animals there. (merckmanuals.com)
- Marburg virus infections have occurred in people exposed to bats (for example, in mines or caves). (merckmanuals.com)
- It's crucial to identify cases and understand the symptoms of these infections to track the evolution of the virus and what health care workers should look out for. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Clinical1
- From January 1991 to December 1998, numbers, dates of infection, and demographic details of PUUV nephropathia epidemica cases within the northern region (i.e., the counties of Norrbotten, Västerbotten, Jämtland, and Västernorrland) were obtained from laboratory reports from the Departments of Clinical Virology and Clinical Microbiology in Umeå and Boden, Sweden, respectively. (cdc.gov)
Kidney1
- Hantavirus can cause life-threatening lung and kidney infections. (msdmanuals.com)
Yosemite Nati2
- The National Park Service (NPS) has announced that there are now 10 confirmed cases (including 3 deaths) of hantavirus infection in visitors to Yosemite National Park since June of this year. (cdc.gov)
- Hantavirus, a flu-like disease spread by rodents, was the cause of death for a California man camping in Yosemite National Park, officials from the California Department of Public Health confirmed. (collegenews.com)
Occur1
- These symptoms occur in all instances of HPS infection. (cdc.gov)
Pathogens2
- Old World hantaviruses that are known human pathogens (e.g. (medscape.com)
- A PLOS Pathogens paper by Penn microbiologists Paul Bates, PhD, and Kenneth Briley, PhD, published today reports that four proteins key to cholesterol synthesis and uptake are highjacked by the hantavirus to enter human host cells. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Fatal1
- About 38% of hantavirus infections are fatal (mortality rate). (vivu.tv)
Outbreaks2
- Understanding this relationship may help forestall future human hantavirus outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
- The monoclonal antibody appears to be a promising candidate for being developed into a "pan-hantavirus" therapy to protect against outbreaks by known or novel hantaviruses. (einsteinmed.edu)
Spread from rodents1
- Hantavirus infection is a viral disease that is spread from rodents to people. (msdmanuals.com)
Influenza1
- In this area, nephropathia epidemica is, second to influenza, the most prevailing serious febrile viral infection. (cdc.gov)
Deer mice2
Endemic1
- When visiting endemic countries, it may be useful to check for local hantavirus activity at the destination. (tripprep.com)
Researchers2
- The potential of the Health Information System and its underutilization by stakeholders and researchers have been a barrier in diagnosing and reporting ZIKV infection and its complications. (scielo.br)
- The researchers found that pre-treatment of human airway cells with a generic statin called mevastatin, which lowers cholesterol by a mechanism that does not involve the four proteins they identified, made the human airway cells less susceptible to ANDV infection. (infectioncontroltoday.com)