Harmine
Peganum
Banisteriopsis
Carbolines
Alkaloids
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Determination of harmane and harmine in human blood using reversed-phased high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. (1/89)
A number of tremorogenic beta-carboline alkaloids have been found in common plant-derived foodstuffs, beverages, and inhaled substances. Because of their natural presence in the food chain, there is a growing concern regarding the potential risks of certain essential tremors associated with the long-term, low-level dietary exposure to these alkaloids. The purpose of this study was to develop an effective analytical method to determine blood levels of two major beta-carboline derivatives, harmane and harmine. Human blood was extracted with ethyl acetate and methyl-t-butyl ether (2:98) under an alkaline condition. After evaporation of organic solvent, the samples were reconstructed in methanol. The samples were fractionated on a 250 x 4.6-mm C18 reversed-phase column with an isocratic mobile system consisting of 17.5 mM potassium phosphate buffer (ph 6.5) and methanol (30:70), followed by an on-line fluorescence detection. The method had the detection limit to determine 206 and 81 pg/ml of harmane and harmine, respectively, in 10 ml of human blood. The intraday precision (C.V.) at 25 ng/ml was less than 6.7 and 3.4% for harmane and harmine, respectively. The interday precision was 7.3% for harmane and 5.4% for harmine. The method has proven sensitive, reproducible, and thus useful for both laboratory and clinical studies of beta-carboline toxicities. (+info)Harmane produces hypotension following microinjection into the RVLM: possible role of I(1)-imidazoline receptors. (2/89)
The beta-carboline, harmane (0.1 - 1.0 nmol) produces dose dependent hypotension when microinjected unilaterally into the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) of the anaesthetized rat. The potency of harmane on blood pressure is similar to that of the imidazoline, clonidine. The hypotensive effects of both clonidine and harmane are reversed by microinjection of the relatively I(1)-receptor selective antagonist efaroxan (20 nmol). These results are consistent with harmane acting at an I(1)-receptor in the RVLM. This is the first report of an endogenous ligand for I(1)-receptors that has central effects on blood pressure. (+info)Comparative study on the vasorelaxant effects of three harmala alkaloids in vitro. (3/89)
Three psychological active principles from the seeds of Peganum harmala L., harmine, harmaline and harmalol, showed vasorelaxant activities in isolated rat thoracic aorta preparations precontracted by phenylephrine or KCl with rank order of relaxation potency of harmine > harmaline > harmalol. The vasorelaxant effects of harmine and harmaline (but not harmalol) were attenuated by endothelium removal or pretreatment with a nitric oxide (NO) synthase Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. In cultured rat aortic endothelial cells, harmine and harmaline (but not harmalol) increased NO release, which was dependent on the presence of external Ca2+. In endothelium-denuded preparations, pretreatment of harmine, harmaline or harmalol (3-30 microM) inhibited phenylephrine-induced contractions in a non-competitive manner. Receptor binding assays indicated that all 3 compounds interacted with cardiac alpha1-adrenoceptors with comparable affinities (Ki value around 31 - 36 microM), but only harmine weakly interacted with the cardiac 1,4-dihydropyridine binding site of L-type Ca2+ channels (Ki value of 408 microM). Therefore, the present results suggested that the vasorelaxant effects of harmine and harmaline are attributed to their actions on the endothelial cells to release NO and on the vascular smooth muscles to inhibit the contractions induced by the activation of receptor-linked and voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. The vasorelaxant effect of harmalol was not endothelium-dependent. (+info)Effects of reserpine on the adrenal medulla of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. (4/89)
1. Reserpine administration resulted in a larger initial decline in adrenal catecholamines in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) than in normotensive Wistar rats (NWR); the difference was eliminated by pretreatment with cholisdondamine. 2. Reserpine also produced a larger increase in SHR catecholamines and dopamine beta-hydroxylase several days later; chlorisondamine pretreatment did not prevent the increases, although it did slightly slow the increases. 3. Vesicles from SHR, or NWR incubated with reserpine in vitro demonstrated equivalent inhibition of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-Mg-2+-stimulated adrenaline uptake. 4. Recovery of uptake was more rapid in SHR than in NWR after reserpine inhibition, and this was associated with a burst of new vesicle synthesis in the SHR; chlorisondamine pretreatment reduced the number of new, immature vesicles in reserpine-treated SHR. 5. Both SHR and NWR secreted equal proportions of their adrenal catecholamine contents after nicotine administration. 6. These data suggest that the sympatho-adrenal system of the SHR exhibits an enhanced reflex response to reserpine but that reserpine is equally effective in SHR and NWR in producing blockade of vesicular catecholamine transport; these alterations can affect markedly the actions of autonomic drugs in the SHR. (+info)Collision-induced dissociation actualized the H+-promoted reaction as observed in vitro; harman formation from beta-carboline-type monoterpenoid glucoindole alkaloids. (5/89)
The fragmentation from beta-carboline-type monoterpenoid glucoindole alkaloids to harman, which is a hypothetical pathway to generate simple beta-carbolines, was actualized in the collision-induced dissociation in MS. (+info)Inhibitors alter the spectrum and redox properties of monoamine oxidase A. (6/89)
Monoamine oxidase A (MAO A) catalyses the oxidation of both neurotransmitter and ingested amines. The mechanism of catalysis involves the covalently bound FAD cofactor. Although substrates and inhibitors alter the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the flavin, how the ligands interact with the flavin is unknown. This work characterises the spectral changes that occur on inhibitor binding to MAO A and examines how the binding influences the flavin. The inhibitors, D-amphetamine, harmine, tetrindole, and befloxatone all induce similar (but not identical) changes in the spectrum of MAO A, consistent with stacking of inhibitor with the flavin in the active site. D-Amphetamine, harmine, and tetrindole stabilise the semiquinone form of FAD during reduction of MAO A by dithionite and no further reduction of these inhibitor-MAO A complexes has been observed. In contrast, semiquinone is never observed during reduction of the befloxatone-MAO A complex. Instead, partial reduction directly to the FADH(2) form occurs extremely slowly. Thus, inhibitor binding has a strong, structure-dependent influence on the environment of the flavin that alters its electronic properties. (+info)Contribution of individual cytochrome P450 isozymes to the O-demethylation of the psychotropic beta-carboline alkaloids harmaline and harmine. (7/89)
The psychotropic beta-carboline alkaloids, showing high affinity for 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, benzodiazepine, and imidazoline receptors and the stimulation of locus coeruleus neurons, are formed endogenously from tryptophan-derived indolealkylamines through the Pictet-Spengler condensation with aldehydes in both plants and mammals. Cytochromes P450 1A1 (18.5), 1A2 (20), and 2D6 (100) catalyzed the O-demethylation of harmaline, and CYP1A1 (98.5), CYP1A2 (35), CYP2C9 (16), CYP2C19 (30), and CYP2D6 (115) catalyzed that of harmine (relative activities). The dehydrogenation/aromatization of harmaline to harmine was not carried out by aromatase (CYP19), CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, pooled recombinant cytochromes P450, or human liver microsomes (HLMs). Kinetic parameters were calculated for the O-demethylations mediated by each isozyme and by pooled HLMs. K(cat) (min(-1)) and K(m) Awake M) values for harmaline were: CYP1A1, 10.8 and 11.8; CYP1A2, 12.3 and 13.3; CYP2C9, 5.3 and 175; CYP2C19, 10.3 and 160; and CYP2D6, 39.9 and 1.4. Values for harmine were: CYP1A1, 45.2 and 52.2; CYP1A2, 9.2 and 14.7; CYP2C9, 11.9 and 117; CYP2C19, 21.4 and 121; and CYP2D6, 29.7 and 7.4. Inhibition studies using monoclonal antibodies confirmed that CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 were the major isozymes contributing to both harmaline (20% and 50%, respectively) and harmine (20% and 30%) O-demethylations in pooled HLMs. The turnover numbers for CYP2D6 are among the highest ever reported for a CYP2D6 substrate. Finally, CYP2D6-transgenic mice were found to have increased harmaline and harmine O-demethylase activities as compared with wild-type mice. These findings suggest a role for polymorphic CYP2D6 in the pharmacology and toxicology of harmine and harmaline. (+info)Microbial metabolites of harman alkaloids. (8/89)
Several microorganisms showed the ability to transform the harman alkaloids, harmaline (1), harmalol (2) and harman (5). Harmaline (1) and harmalol (2) were converted by Rhodotorula rubra ATCC 20129 into the tryptamines, 2-acetyl-3-(2-acetamidoethyl)-7-methoxyindole (3) and 2-acetyl-3-(2-acetamidoethyl)-7-hydroxyindole (4), respectively. Harman (5) was biotransformed by Cunninghamella echinulata NRRL 3655 into 6-hydroxyharman (6) and harman-2-oxide (7). (+info)Harmine is defined medically as an alpha-carboline derivative that is present in various plants including the seeds of Peganum harmala and the bark of Banisteriopsis caapi. It functions as an monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) and has been used in traditional medicine for its psychoactive properties. It has also been studied for potential anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects.
Harmane, also known as harmaline, is a naturally occurring psychoactive compound found in several plants, including the seeds of the Syrian rue (Peganum harmala) and the bark of the African pinwheel cactus (Adenium obesum). It is an alkaloid with beta-carboline structure.
In a medical context, harmaline has been studied for its potential effects on the central nervous system. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), which means it can increase the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain by preventing their breakdown. This property has led to some research into its use as a treatment for depression and other neurological disorders, although it is not currently approved for medical use in this capacity due to potential side effects and toxicity concerns.
It's important to note that harmaline can have dangerous interactions with certain medications and foods, particularly those containing tyramine, which can lead to a hypertensive crisis. Therefore, its use should only be under the supervision of a qualified medical professional.
"Peganum" is the name of a genus of plants, specifically those in the family Nitrariaceae. The most well-known species in this genus is "Peganum harmala," also known as Syrian rue or esfand. This plant has been used in traditional medicine in various cultures for its psychoactive and hallucinogenic properties, as well as for treating ailments such as rheumatism, skin conditions, and gastrointestinal disorders. However, it can also have toxic effects and should be used with caution. It's important to note that the use of Peganum in medical treatment is not widely accepted or studied in modern Western medicine.
Banisteriopsis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Malpighiaceae, native to tropical America. The most well-known species is Banisteriopsis caapi, which is used to prepare a psychoactive beverage called ayahuasca, also known as yage. Ayahuasca is traditionally used for spiritual and religious purposes by indigenous peoples of the Amazon basin.
The active components in Banisteriopsis caapi are harmala alkaloids, including harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine, which act as reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (MAOIs). When combined with DMT-containing plants, such as Psychotria viridis, the MAOIs allow the DMT to be orally active, resulting in a powerful psychedelic experience.
It is important to note that the use of ayahuasca and other substances containing DMT and MAOIs can have serious health consequences and should only be undertaken under the guidance of experienced practitioners in a safe and controlled setting.
Carbolines are a type of chemical compound that contain a carbazole or dibenzopyrrole structure. These compounds have a variety of uses, including as pharmaceuticals and dyes. Some carbolines have been studied for their potential medicinal properties, such as their ability to act as antioxidants or to inhibit the growth of certain types of cells. However, it is important to note that many carbolines are also known to be toxic and can cause harm if ingested or otherwise introduced into the body. As with any chemical compound, it is essential to use caution when handling carbolines and to follow all safety guidelines to minimize the risk of exposure.
Alkaloids are a type of naturally occurring organic compounds that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms. They are often found in plants, and are known for their complex ring structures and diverse pharmacological activities. Many alkaloids have been used in medicine for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and therapeutic properties. Examples of alkaloids include morphine, quinine, nicotine, and caffeine.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of drugs that work by blocking the action of monoamine oxidase, an enzyme found in the brain and other organs of the body. This enzyme is responsible for breaking down certain neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, which are chemicals that transmit signals in the brain.
By inhibiting the action of monoamine oxidase, MAOIs increase the levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain, which can help to alleviate symptoms of depression and other mood disorders. However, MAOIs also affect other chemicals in the body, including tyramine, a substance found in some foods and beverages, as well as certain medications. As a result, MAOIs can have serious side effects and interactions with other substances, making them a less commonly prescribed class of antidepressants than other types of drugs.
MAOIs are typically used as a last resort when other treatments for depression have failed, due to their potential for dangerous interactions and side effects. They require careful monitoring and dosage adjustment by a healthcare provider, and patients must follow strict dietary restrictions while taking them.
Apomorphine is a non-selective dopamine receptor agonist, which means that it activates dopamine receptors in the brain. It has a high affinity for D1 and D2 dopamine receptors and is used medically to treat Parkinson's disease, particularly in cases of severe or intractable motor fluctuations.
Apomorphine can be administered subcutaneously (under the skin) as a solution or as a sublingual (under the tongue) film. It works by stimulating dopamine receptors in the brain, which helps to reduce the symptoms of Parkinson's disease such as stiffness, tremors, and difficulty with movement.
In addition to its use in Parkinson's disease, apomorphine has also been investigated for its potential therapeutic benefits in other neurological disorders, including alcohol use disorder and drug addiction. However, more research is needed to establish its safety and efficacy in these conditions.
Harmine
Ibogaline
Harmane
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer
GABAA receptor
List of psychoactive plants
Zygophyllum fabago
Ayahuasca
Kleist Sykes
Julius Raab
Mimosa tenuiflora
Harmaline
List of dopaminergic drugs
Banisteriopsis caapi
WIN-2299
Β-Carboline
Harmala alkaloid
Nicotiana tabacum
Harmol
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine
Heterocyclic amine
Callaeum antifebrile
Pharmahuasca
Indole alkaloid
Peganum harmala
Oxalis tuberosa
Oxidase test
Passiflora
Psilocybin mushroom
Jeffrey H. Meyer
Harmine - Wikipedia
harmine Mass Spectrum
Harmine Freebase from Peganum harmala
THH and harmine isolation - Harmalas - Welcome to the DMT-Nexus
Greater Monoamine Oxidase A Binding in Perimenopausal Age as Measured With Carbon 11-Labeled Harmine Positron Emission...
Conversion of Harmine-|Harmaline-|THH by simple boiling (and storage?) - DMT Discussion - Welcome to the DMT-Nexus
AYAHUASCA: Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews
McGill's latest football hero: How Harmine Christina Léo balanced medical residency with playing for Team Canada - Health e-News
Erowid Experience Vaults: Harmala Alkaloids Reports in category: Health Benefits
The Effect of Harmine on Dental Pulp Stem Cells Differentiation Into Neural Cells in Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Cell...
Emigre: Magazine #25
Erowid.org: Erowid Reference 3220 : The Effects Of Beta Carbolines On Responses To Acetylcholine, Noradrenaline, 5...
Words - Medicaments
Erowid Video Library : Video Title Index
LSD - Erowid Exp - 'Heavenly Hell'
EPB41 | Cancer Genetics Web
Sub-acute and long-term effects of ayahuasca on affect and cognitive thinking style and their association with ego dissolution ...
Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Poisonings, Envenomations, and Toxic Exposures | CDC Yellow Book 2024
Soziale Neurowissenschaft | Max-Planck-Institut für Kognitions- und Neurowissenschaften
Ginkgo biloba, Leek, Peganum harmala, and Smilax china: Power of Medicinal Plants for Organic Life - Nova Science Publishers
Tre VM afdelinger til Glen Meier - pressemeddelelse - Danmarks Motor Union
参考文献 | ダウンロード・資料請求 | ATTO Website
Indoles | DrugBank Online
Avaliação dos efeitos neurotóxicos do chá ayahuasca
Manganese-Catalyzed Synthesis of Tetrahydro-β-carbolines - ChemistryViews
Natures Aid Passiflora, Lemon Balm, Avena Sativa 60 tablets
Harmaline11
- In the last step V, the oxidation of harmaline is accompanied by the loss of water and effectively generates harmine. (wikipedia.org)
- If I convert a mix of harmine and harmaline using magnesium ribbon to obtain a mix harmine and THH, Can I separate harmine from THH later using different Ph precipitation like is usually done with harmine and harmaline? (dmt-nexus.me)
- This appears to occur to a significant degree for the changes seen in THH, harmine and harmaline levels between samples undergoing further heating to attain higher concentrations of the components (See Table 3). (dmt-nexus.me)
- This phenomenon, an apparent acid-driven chemical reduction of harmine-to-harmaline-to-THH, has also been reported by Callaway et al. (dmt-nexus.me)
- It is presently unclear whether harmine and harmaline are being chemically reduced to THH during the acidic process of decoction, or if THH is simply more stable than the other two harmala alkaloids, which may be lost through decomposition, or a combination of both processes. (dmt-nexus.me)
- Ayahuasca is prepared from the Psychotria viridis bush that contains the serotonergic 2A receptor agonist N , N -dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and the Banisteriopsis caapi liana that contains β-carboline alkaloids such as harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine (Palhano-Fontes et al. (springer.com)
- Active substances include the hallucinogen N-N-dimethyltryptamine and beta-carboline alkaloids such as harmine and harmaline. (cdc.gov)
- Its seeds showed that alkaloids belonging to the β-carboline family such as harmine, harmaline, Harman, harnol and harmalol are responsible for a wide range of pharmacological effects. (novapublishers.com)
- B. Caapi contains alkaloids as harmine, harmaline and harmalol, highly active reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A and MAO-B. These compounds have been described as protecting neuronal mitochondria against oxidative damage, besides having anticonvulsivant and anxiolytic actions. (usp.br)
- The developed catalytic system, in combination with an oxidation step, also enabled the synthesis of the pharmaceutically relevant molecules harman, harmaline, and harmine in a concise manner. (chemistryviews.org)
- Ayahuasca is an Amazonian psychoactive plant beverage containing the serotonergic 5-HT 2A agonist N,N- dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and monoamine oxidase-inhibiting alkaloids (harmine, harmaline and tetrahydroharmine) that render it orally active. (iceers.org)
Ayahuasca2
- This makes harmine a vital component of the ayahuasca brew with regard to its ability to induce a psychedelic experience. (wikipedia.org)
- The therapeutic potencial of harmine and ayahuasca in depression: evidence from exploratory animal e human studies. (bvsalud.org)
Alkaloids such as harmine1
- Passionflower contains the variety of active compounds such as alkaloids, such as harmine, which is a beta-carboline alkaloid and has been known to show the variety of pharmacological effects. (planetayurveda.com)
Tetrahydroharmine1
- According to Jordi Riba's presentation at the Interdisciplinary Conference on Psychedelics Research that was held this weekend in Amsterdam harmine and tetrahydroharmine potently stimulates the formation of new neurons from stem cells in vitro. (ayahuasca.com)
Harman1
- The Alkaloids, Harman and harmine were believed to be responsible for passiflora's benefits. (uk.com)
Positron2
- Due to its MAO-A specific binding, carbon-11 labeled harmine can be used in positron emission tomography to study MAO-A dysregulation in several psychiatric and neurologic illnesses. (wikipedia.org)
- Dynamic, adaptive changes in MAO-A binding after alterations in substrate availability: An in vivo [(11)C]-harmine positron emission tomography study. (mpg.de)
Caapi2
- Medically significant amounts of harmine occur in the plants Syrian rue and Banisteriopsis caapi. (wikipedia.org)
- Syrian rue or synthetic harmine is sometimes used to substitute B. caapi in the oral use of DMT. (wikipedia.org)
Neurons1
- However, there are no reports on the effect of harmine (7-methoxy-1methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b] indole) on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) differentiation into neurons in either two-dimensional or three-dimensional culture systems. (brieflands.com)
Hydrogel3
- This study investigated whether harmine and encapsulation of cells in alginate hydrogel could improve DPSCs differentiation into neural cells. (brieflands.com)
- DPSCs were cultured under standard stem cell culture conditions, then encapsulated in alginate hydrogel, and treated with differentiation medium with and without harmine. (brieflands.com)
- Either harmine or alginate hydrogel had an accelerating effect on DPSCs differentiation into neural cells. (brieflands.com)
Monoamine oxidase3
- Harmine reversibly inhibits monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), an enzyme which breaks down monoamines, making it a Reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA). (wikipedia.org)
- Harmine is a RIMA, as it reversibly inhibits monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), but not MAO-B. Oral or intravenous harmine doses ranging from 30 to 300 mg may cause agitation, bradycardia or tachycardia, blurred vision, hypotension, paresthesias. (wikipedia.org)
- Monoamine oxidase A inhibitor occupancy during treatment of major depressive episodes with moclobemide or St. John's wort: An [(11)C]-harmine PET study. (mpg.de)
Serotonin2
- The coincident occurrence of β-carboline alkaloids and serotonin in Peganum harmala indicates the presence of two very similar, interrelated biosynthetic pathways, which makes it difficult to definitively identify whether free tryptamine or L-tryptophan is the precursor in the biosynthesis of harmine. (wikipedia.org)
- The difficulty distinguishing between L-tryptophan and free tryptamine as the precursor of harmine biosynthesis originates from the presence of the serotonin biosynthetic pathway, which closely resembles that of harmine, yet necessitates the availability of free tryptamine as its precursor. (wikipedia.org)
Indole1
- Harmine (7-methoxy-1methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b] indole) is an alkaloidal component of medicinal plants with a long history in traditional medicine. (brieflands.com)
Tryptamine1
- As such, it is unclear if the decarboxylation of L-tryptophan, or the incorporation of pyruvate into the basic tryptamine structure is the first step of harmine biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
COMPOUND1
- A screening identifies harmine as a novel antibacterial compound against Ralstonia solanacearum . (bvsalud.org)
Proliferation2
- Harmine is currently the only known drug that induces proliferation (rapid mitosis and subsequent mass growth) of pancreatic alpha (α) and beta (β) cells in adult humans. (wikipedia.org)
- Harmine also increased the proliferation of the cells. (brieflands.com)
Freebase2
- This product is a highly purified alkaloid extract of Peganum harmala seeds that consists of harmine as tiny freebase crystals/powder. (harmalas.com)
- I was going to use ammonia to precipitate the harmine raising the ph until about 8, and then filter the harmine freebase and add more ammonia until about 10-11 ph to precipitate THH. (dmt-nexus.me)
Cells2
- The Effect of Harmine on Dental Pulp Stem Cells Differentiation Into Neural. (brieflands.com)
- Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Activity of the Novel Harmine Derivative ZC-14 in Sf9 Cells. (pcrtechnique.com)
Levels1
- otherwise, comparable increases in harmine levels would have been observed. (wikipedia.org)
Pure1
- so I should do mini pulls with Ethyl Acetate and after that add some citric acid to recover pure harmine/THH citrates and after that precipitate with ammonia the harmine first and the THH the later. (dmt-nexus.me)
Plant1
- The average ratio of THH to harmine in the vegetals (traditional brews) was consistently near 1:1, from all sources (table 2), while this ratio was closer to 1:5 in a large survey of source plant material. (dmt-nexus.me)
Alkaloids1
- The coincident occurrence of β-carboline alkaloids and serotonin in Peganum harmala indicates the presence of two very similar, interrelated biosynthetic pathways, which makes it difficult to definitively identify whether free tryptamine or L-tryptophan is the precursor in the biosynthesis of harmine. (wikipedia.org)
Compounds2
- Of those 86 compounds, only harmine induced sustained division and proliferation of adult human beta cells in culture. (medscape.com)
- The chemical residues of at least five compounds (cocaine, benzoylecgonine BZE, harmine, bufotenine and dimethyltryptamine DMT) that are known to have psychotropic effects on humans, and recovered from the artefacts, imply that multiple plants were used to induce extraordinary states of consciousness, potentially within a range of ritual and healing contexts. (otago.ac.nz)
Alkaloid3
- Harmine is a beta-carboline and a harmala alkaloid. (wikipedia.org)
- This product is a highly purified alkaloid extract of Peganum harmala seeds that consists of harmine as a hydrochloride salt. (harmalas.com)
- Harmine is an alkaloid found in the seed coats of a plant ( Peganum harmala ) of the Mediterranean region and the Middle East and also in a South American vine ( Banisteriopsis caapi ). (britannica.com)
Monoamine2
- Harmine reversibly inhibits monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), an enzyme which breaks down monoamines, making it a Reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA). (wikipedia.org)
- Harmine is a RIMA, as it reversibly inhibits monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), but not MAO-B. Oral or intravenous harmine doses ranging from 30 to 300 mg may cause agitation, bradycardia or tachycardia, blurred vision, hypotension, paresthesias. (wikipedia.org)
Induces proliferation1
- Harmine is currently the only known drug that induces proliferation (rapid mitosis and subsequent mass growth) of pancreatic alpha (α) and beta (β) cells in adult humans. (wikipedia.org)
Identification1
- Identification and quantitation of two novel harmine metabolites. (nih.gov)
Therapeutic2
- Harmine analogs are able to induce adult human beta-cell cycle entry at rates that are in the physiologic and potentially therapeutic range," say Dr Wang and colleagues. (medscape.com)
- Small quantities stimulate the brain and are said to be therapeutic, but in excess harmine depresses the central nervous system[192]. (pfaf.org)
Seeds1
- The seeds contain the substance 'harmine' which is being used in research into mental disease, encephalitis and inflammation of the brain[192]. (pfaf.org)
Acid1
- trace amounts of the following were also present: harmalinic acid, harmine-N-oxide, ketotetrahydronorharmine, harminic acid methyl ester & acetylnorharmine. (erowid.org)
Amounts1
- Some contained only harmine or else trace amounts of THH. (erowid.org)
Comparable1
- otherwise, comparable increases in harmine levels would have been observed. (wikipedia.org)
Drugs1
- So now we're trying to make enhanced structural versions of the harmine family of drugs that are more potent and drive proliferation faster than the 1.5% we've been seeing. (medscape.com)
Found2
- Harmine has been found to be relatively toxic to humans where symptoms arise at 3mg/kg. (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] Harmine is found in a wide variety of different organisms, most of which are plants. (wikipedia.org)
Human1
- Moreover, the team demonstrated that, in three murine and human islet models of diabetes, harmine not only increased the number of beta cells but also increased islet mass and improved glycemic control. (medscape.com)
Study1
- Due to its MAO-A specific binding, carbon-11 labeled harmine can be used in positron emission tomography to study MAO-A dysregulation in several psychiatric and neurologic illnesses. (wikipedia.org)
Presence1
- Further, we showed that the Ser408 site on GLI1 was not phosphorylated in the presence of the selective DYRK1A inhibitor harmine. (iaea.org)
Structure1
- As such, it is unclear if the decarboxylation of L-tryptophan, or the incorporation of pyruvate into the basic tryptamine structure is the first step of harmine biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)