Heart Sounds
Phonocardiography
Heart Murmurs
Sound
Stethoscopes
Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
Heart Failure
Heart Diseases
Sound Spectrography
American Heart Association
Washington
Flatfishes
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Pacific Ocean
Investigation of the theory and mechanism of the origin of the second heart sound. (1/84)
To investigate further the origin of the second heart sound we studied human subjects, dogs, and a model in vitro of the cardiovascular system. Intra-arterial sound, pressure, and, where possible, flow and high speed cine (2,000 frames/sec) were utilized. The closure sound of the semilunar valves was of higher amplitude in be ventricles than in their respective arterial cavities. The direction of inscription of the main components of intra-arterial sound were opposite in direction to the components of intraventricular sound. Notches, representative of pressure increments, were noted on the ventricular pressure tracings and were coincident with the components of sound. The amplitude of the closure sound varied with diastolic pressure, but remained unchanged with augmentation of forward and retrograde aortic flow. Cines showed second sound to begin after complete valvular closure, and average leaflet closure rate was constant regardless of pressure. Hence, the semilunar valves, when closed, act as an elastic membrane and, when set into motion, generate compression and expansion of the blood, producing transient pressure changes indicative of sound. The magnitude of the initial stretch is related to the differential pressure between the arterial and ventricular chambers. Sound transients which follow the major components of the second sound appear to be caused by the continuing stretch and recoil of the leaflets. Clinically unexplained findings such as the reduced or absent second sound in calcific aortic stenosis and its paradoxical presence in congenital aortic stenosis may be explained by those observations. (+info)Fetal heart sound analysis: a preliminary evaluation. (2/84)
The aim of this study, is to determine whether the fine characteristics of the fetal heart sounds could be used to identify intrauterine growth retarded fetuses. A preliminary evaluation, was conducted to compare these characteristics between intrauterine growth retarded fetuses and normal fetuses in the antenatal period after 36 weeks of gestation. Altogether, 7 IUGR fetuses were compared with 12 normal fetuses. An instrument named the Fetal Frequency Phonocardiogram was designed for this purpose. When connected to a personal computer and with a software programme specially written, the fetal heart sound characteristics were analysed. After detailed analysis, there were 3 significant differences between IUGR and normal fetuses, all of which gave a p-value of < 0.01. The frequency of the first heart sound was significantly higher in the IUGR fetuses compared to normal fetuses. The ratio of the amplitude of the first heart sound over the second heart sound was higher in the IUGR group. Finally, the ratio of the time between the first and second heart sound over the cardiac cycle was shorter in the IUGR fetuses. Fetal heart sound analysis, may provide a simple non-invasive method of detecting and monitoring fetuses at risk in the antenatal period. (+info)Left and right heart haemodynamics during spontaneous angina pectoris. Comparison between angina with ST segment depression and angina with ST segment elevation. (3/84)
The function of both right and left sides of the heart was studied during spontaneous attacks of angina pectoris at rest in 7 patients showing ST depression (type I) and 4 showing ST elevation (type II) during the attack. In none of the 44 type I attacks and 29 type II attacks which were recorded did circulatory changes; the latter were different in the two groups. Type I attacks showed: a) a brief fall in arterial pressure, accompanied by b) a rise of right atrial and pulmonary wedge pressures and c) a decrease of cardiac output, right and left stroke work, the mean rate of systolic ejection, and indirect left ventricular pre-ejection dP/dt. In the course of the attack a hypertensive phase followed, which was paralleled by an increase of heart rate, cardiac output, left and right stroke work, and mean systolic ejection rate, left dP/dt; right atrial pressure and wedge pressure remained raised. All of the circulatory functions started to revert towards the pre-attack levels coincident with the waning phase of the electrocardiographic alteration, the latter occurring either spontaneously or after nitroglycerin. Type II attacks for the entire duration of the electrocardiographic changes showed: a) a reduction of arterial pressure, cardiac output, right and left stroke work, mean systolic ejection rate, and left dP/dt, b) a rise of right atrial and wedge pressures, and c) quite small changes of heart rate. When the electrocardiogram started to revert to the pre-attack aspect, the cardiac function rapidly improved and, after a supernormal phase, returned to the basal levels in about 2 minutes. It is concluded: 1) that no circulatory factor interfering with the mechanical effort of the heart is responsible for eliciting spontaneous angina: 2) that in type I attacks right and left ventricular impairment occurs which recovers rapidly, possibly through a sympathetic compensation; 3) that in type II attachs dysfunction of both sides of the heart occurs and persists throughout the episode of electrocardiographic alteration; 4) that the dynamic impairment is probably more severe in type I than in type II angina. (+info)Changing haemodynamics in patient with papillary muscle dysfunction. (4/84)
A patient with papillary muscle disease caused by myocardial infarction was studied before and after injection of phenylephrine. The pulmonary wedge pressure was normal at rest. However, pressures and murmur changes, occurring spontaneously and after injection of phenylephrine, suggested that intermittent severe mitral regurgitation contributed significantly to the recurrent episodes of acute left heart failure presented by this patient. (+info)Infective endocarditis in the billowing mitral leaflet syndrome. (5/84)
Ten patients with the billowing mitral leaflet syndrome complicated by infective endocarditis are reported. Two patients had a non-ejection systolic click and 8 had both a non-ejection systolic click and a late systolic murmur. These auscultatory features were difficult to detect in 4 instances in that they were intermittent, soft, or brought out only with postural change. Seven patients were unaware of their cardiac lesions. A low grade pyrexia was present in all 10 patients. Four patients presented with clinical features caused by reversible neurological lesions. Blood cultures were positive in all patients, with Staphylococcus albus the infecting organism in 6. Antibiotic therapy was successful with significant mitral regurgitation supervening in only one instance. The importance of the billowing leaflet as a potential site of infective endocarditis is emphasized. It seems that antibiotic prophylaxis is indicated at times of increased risk of infection in subjects with a non-ejection systolic click or a late systolic murmur. (+info)Prognostic importance of elevated jugular venous pressure and a third heart sound in patients with heart failure. (6/84)
BACKGROUND: The independent prognostic value of elevated jugular venous pressure or a third heart sound in patients with heart failure is not well established. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction treatment trial, in which 2569 patients with symptomatic heart failure or a history of it were randomly assigned to receive enalapril or placebo. The mean (+/-SD) follow-up was 32+/-15 months. The presence of elevated jugular venous pressure or a third heart sound was ascertained by physical examination on entry into the trial. The risks of hospitalization for heart failure and progression of heart failure as defined by death from pump failure and the composite end point of death or hospitalization for heart failure were compared in patients with these findings on physical examination and patients without these findings. RESULTS: Data on 2479 patients were complete and analyzed. In multivariate analyses that were adjusted for other markers of the severity of heart failure, elevated jugular venous pressure was associated with an increased risk of hospitalization for heart failure (relative risk, 1.32; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.08 to 1.62; P<0.01), death or hospitalization for heart failure (relative risk, 1.30; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.11 to 1.53; P<0.005), and death from pump failure (relative risk, 1.37; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.07 to 1.75; P<0.05). The presence of a third heart sound was associated with similarly increased risks of these outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with heart failure, elevated jugular venous pressure and a third heart sound are each independently associated with adverse outcomes, including progression of heart failure. Clinical assessment for these findings is currently feasible and clinically meaningful. (+info)Estimation of pulmonary arterial pressure by a neural network analysis using features based on time-frequency representations of the second heart sound. (7/84)
The objective of the study was to develop a non-invasive method for the estimation of pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) using a neural network (NN) and features extracted from the second heart sound (S2). To obtain the information required to train and test the NN, an animal model of pulmonary hypertension (PHT) was developed, and nine pigs were investigated. During the experiments, the electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram and PAP were recorded. Subsequently, between 15 and 50 S2 heart sounds were isolated for each PAP stage and for each animal studied. A Coiflet wavelet decomposition and a pseudo smoothed Wigner-Ville distribution were used to extract features from the S2 sounds and train a one-hidden-layer NN using two-thirds of the data. The NN performance was tested on the remaining one-third of the data. NN estimates of the systolic and mean PAPs were obtained for each S2 and then ensemble averaged over the 15-50 S2 sounds selected for each PAP stage. The standard errors between the mean and systolic PAPs estimated by the NN and those measured with a catheter were 6.0 mmHg and 8.4 mmHg, respectively, and the correlation coefficients were 0.89 and 0.86, respectively. The classification accuracy, using 23 mmHg mean PAP and 30 mmHg systolic PAP thresholds between normal PAP and PHT, was 97% and 91%, respectively. (+info)Presence of a carotid bruit in adults with unexplained or recurrent falls: implications for carotid sinus massage. (8/84)
BACKGROUND: Carotid sinus hypersensitivity is a common cardiovascular cause of unexplained or recurrent falls in older adults. Effective treatment is available once carotid sinus hypersensitivity is identified. Carotid sinus massage is the only practical method for achieving a diagnosis. Carotid sinus massage is contraindicated if a carotid bruit is present. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of carotid sinus hypersensitivity in adults presenting with unexplained or recurrent falls and a carotid bruit. DESIGN: Prospective consecutive cohort study. SETTING: Accident and Emergency department and regional syncope and falls facility. SUBJECTS: Accident and Emergency patients aged 50 years or over with unexplained or recurrent falls and a carotid bruit. INTERVENTION: 1) Carotid doppler ultrasound to identify significant stenosis (> or = 50%). 2) Carotid sinus massage (with electrocardiographic and phasic blood pressure monitoring) was performed supine and possibly upright. METHODS: Consecutive adults with unexplained or recurrent falls were screened for carotid bruits. Those with a carotid bruit were referred for carotid Doppler ultrasound and stratified for further investigation depending on presence and degree of underlying carotid artery stenosis. Carotid sinus massage was performed at least supine in those with up to moderate stenosis (50-69%) in either internal or common carotid artery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Diagnosis of carotid sinus hypersensitivity. RESULTS: We identified 1682 subjects with unexplained or recurrent falls of whom 179 (11%) had a carotid bruit, 167 underwent ultrasound, 31% had a stenosis > or = 50% (20% > or = 70%) in either internal or common carotid artery. A bruit was associated with significant ipsilateral stenosis in 25% and contralateral silent stenosis in a further 5%. Carotid sinus massage was performed in 121 subjects who were suitable (15 with moderate carotid artery stenosis). Carotid sinus hypersensitivity was found in 41 (34%) subjects (4 with moderate stenosis). No serious complications occurred following carotid sinus massage. CONCLUSIONS: Carotid sinus hypersensitivity is a possible attributable cause of symptoms in a third of subjects with unexplained or recurrent falls and carotid bruits. Only a small number have severe carotid artery stenosis. Ultrasound will identify high-risk subjects and facilitate accurate diagnosis with carotid sinus massage in the majority. (+info)Heart sounds are the noises generated by the beating heart and the movement of blood through it. They are caused by the vibration of the cardiac structures, such as the valves, walls, and blood vessels, during the cardiac cycle.
There are two normal heart sounds, often described as "lub-dub," that can be heard through a stethoscope. The first sound (S1) is caused by the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the beginning of systole, when the ventricles contract to pump blood out to the body and lungs. The second sound (S2) is produced by the closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves at the end of systole, as the ventricles relax and the ventricular pressure decreases, allowing the valves to close.
Abnormal heart sounds, such as murmurs, clicks, or extra sounds (S3 or S4), may indicate cardiac disease or abnormalities in the structure or function of the heart. These sounds can be evaluated through a process called auscultation, which involves listening to the heart with a stethoscope and analyzing the intensity, pitch, quality, and timing of the sounds.
Heart auscultation is a medical procedure in which a healthcare professional uses a stethoscope to listen to the sounds produced by the heart. The process involves placing the stethoscope on various locations of the chest wall to hear different areas of the heart.
The sounds heard during auscultation are typically related to the opening and closing of the heart valves, as well as the turbulence created by blood flow through the heart chambers. These sounds can provide important clues about the structure and function of the heart, allowing healthcare professionals to diagnose various cardiovascular conditions such as heart murmurs, valvular disorders, and abnormal heart rhythms.
Heart auscultation is a key component of a physical examination and requires proper training and experience to interpret the findings accurately.
Phonocardiography is a non-invasive medical procedure that involves the graphical representation and analysis of sounds produced by the heart. It uses a device called a phonocardiograph to record these sounds, which are then displayed as waveforms on a screen. The procedure is often used in conjunction with other diagnostic techniques, such as electrocardiography (ECG), to help diagnose various heart conditions, including valvular heart disease and heart murmurs.
During the procedure, a specialized microphone called a phonendoscope is placed on the chest wall over the area of the heart. The microphone picks up the sounds generated by the heart's movements, such as the closing and opening of the heart valves, and transmits them to the phonocardiograph. The phonocardiograph then converts these sounds into a visual representation, which can be analyzed for any abnormalities or irregularities in the heart's function.
Phonocardiography is a valuable tool for healthcare professionals, as it can provide important insights into the health and functioning of the heart. By analyzing the waveforms produced during phonocardiography, doctors can identify any potential issues with the heart's valves or other structures, which may require further investigation or treatment. Overall, phonocardiography is an essential component of modern cardiac diagnostics, helping to ensure that patients receive accurate and timely diagnoses for their heart conditions.
A heart murmur is an abnormal sound heard during a heartbeat, which is caused by turbulent blood flow through the heart. It is often described as a blowing, whooshing, or rasping noise. Heart murmurs can be innocent (harmless and not associated with any heart disease) or pathological (indicating an underlying heart condition). They are typically detected during routine physical examinations using a stethoscope. The classification of heart murmurs includes systolic, diastolic, continuous, and functional murmurs, based on the timing and auscultatory location. Various heart conditions, such as valvular disorders, congenital heart defects, or infections, can cause pathological heart murmurs. Further evaluation with diagnostic tests like echocardiography is often required to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment.
In the context of medicine, particularly in the field of auscultation (the act of listening to the internal sounds of the body), "sound" refers to the noises produced by the functioning of the heart, lungs, and other organs. These sounds are typically categorized into two types:
1. **Bradyacoustic sounds**: These are low-pitched sounds that are heard when there is a turbulent flow of blood or when two body structures rub against each other. An example would be the heart sound known as "S1," which is produced by the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the beginning of systole (contraction of the heart's ventricles).
2. **High-pitched sounds**: These are sharper, higher-frequency sounds that can provide valuable diagnostic information. An example would be lung sounds, which include breath sounds like those heard during inhalation and exhalation, as well as adventitious sounds like crackles, wheezes, and pleural friction rubs.
It's important to note that these medical "sounds" are not the same as the everyday definition of sound, which refers to the sensation produced by stimulation of the auditory system by vibrations.
Kinetocardiography (often abbreviated as KCG) is not a widely recognized or established medical term. However, in general terms, it appears to refer to a method of measuring and recording the motion or vibrations of the chest wall that may be related to cardiac activity. It's possible that this term is used in some specific research or technical contexts, but it does not have a standardized medical definition.
It's important to note that there is another term called "ballistocardiography" (BCG) which is a non-invasive method of measuring the mechanical forces generated by the heart and great vessels during each cardiac cycle. BCG can provide information about various aspects of cardiovascular function, such as stroke volume, contractility, and vascular compliance. However, kinetocardiography does not seem to be synonymous with ballistocardiography or any other established medical technique.
In medical terms, the heart is a muscular organ located in the thoracic cavity that functions as a pump to circulate blood throughout the body. It's responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and removing carbon dioxide and other wastes. The human heart is divided into four chambers: two atria on the top and two ventricles on the bottom. The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs, while the left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the rest of the body. The heart's rhythmic contractions and relaxations are regulated by a complex electrical conduction system.
A stethoscope is a medical device used for auscultation, or listening to the internal sounds of the body. It is most commonly used to hear the heartbeat, lung sounds, and blood flow in the major arteries. The device consists of a small disc-shaped resonator that is placed against the skin, connected by tubing to two earpieces. Stethoscopes come in different types and designs, but all serve the primary purpose of amplifying and transmitting body sounds to facilitate medical diagnosis.
Sound localization is the ability of the auditory system to identify the location or origin of a sound source in the environment. It is a crucial aspect of hearing and enables us to navigate and interact with our surroundings effectively. The process involves several cues, including time differences in the arrival of sound to each ear (interaural time difference), differences in sound level at each ear (interaural level difference), and spectral information derived from the filtering effects of the head and external ears on incoming sounds. These cues are analyzed by the brain to determine the direction and distance of the sound source, allowing for accurate localization.
Heart rate is the number of heartbeats per unit of time, often expressed as beats per minute (bpm). It can vary significantly depending on factors such as age, physical fitness, emotions, and overall health status. A resting heart rate between 60-100 bpm is generally considered normal for adults, but athletes and individuals with high levels of physical fitness may have a resting heart rate below 60 bpm due to their enhanced cardiovascular efficiency. Monitoring heart rate can provide valuable insights into an individual's health status, exercise intensity, and response to various treatments or interventions.
Cineangiography is a medical imaging technique used to visualize the blood flow in the heart and cardiovascular system. It involves the injection of a contrast agent into the bloodstream while X-ray images are taken in quick succession, creating a movie-like sequence that shows the movement of the contrast through the blood vessels and chambers of the heart. This technique is often used to diagnose and evaluate various heart conditions, such as coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, and congenital heart defects.
The procedure typically involves threading a catheter through a blood vessel in the arm or leg and guiding it to the heart. Once in place, the contrast agent is injected, and X-ray images are taken using a specialized X-ray machine called a fluoroscope. The images captured during cineangiography can help doctors identify areas of narrowing or blockage in the coronary arteries, abnormalities in heart valves, and other cardiovascular problems.
Cineangiography is an invasive procedure that carries some risks, such as bleeding, infection, and reactions to the contrast agent. However, it can provide valuable information for diagnosing and treating heart conditions, and may be recommended when other diagnostic tests have been inconclusive.
Computer-assisted signal processing is a medical term that refers to the use of computer algorithms and software to analyze, interpret, and extract meaningful information from biological signals. These signals can include physiological data such as electrocardiogram (ECG) waves, electromyography (EMG) signals, electroencephalography (EEG) readings, or medical images.
The goal of computer-assisted signal processing is to automate the analysis of these complex signals and extract relevant features that can be used for diagnostic, monitoring, or therapeutic purposes. This process typically involves several steps, including:
1. Signal acquisition: Collecting raw data from sensors or medical devices.
2. Preprocessing: Cleaning and filtering the data to remove noise and artifacts.
3. Feature extraction: Identifying and quantifying relevant features in the signal, such as peaks, troughs, or patterns.
4. Analysis: Applying statistical or machine learning algorithms to interpret the extracted features and make predictions about the underlying physiological state.
5. Visualization: Presenting the results in a clear and intuitive way for clinicians to review and use.
Computer-assisted signal processing has numerous applications in healthcare, including:
* Diagnosing and monitoring cardiac arrhythmias or other heart conditions using ECG signals.
* Assessing muscle activity and function using EMG signals.
* Monitoring brain activity and diagnosing neurological disorders using EEG readings.
* Analyzing medical images to detect abnormalities, such as tumors or fractures.
Overall, computer-assisted signal processing is a powerful tool for improving the accuracy and efficiency of medical diagnosis and monitoring, enabling clinicians to make more informed decisions about patient care.
Heart failure is a pathophysiological state in which the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the metabolic demands of the body or do so only at the expense of elevated filling pressures. It can be caused by various cardiac disorders, including coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmias. Symptoms may include shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention. Heart failure is often classified based on the ejection fraction (EF), which is the percentage of blood that is pumped out of the left ventricle during each contraction. A reduced EF (less than 40%) is indicative of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), while a preserved EF (greater than or equal to 50%) is indicative of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). There is also a category of heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) for those with an EF between 40-49%.
Heart disease is a broad term for a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. It's often used to refer to conditions that include:
1. Coronary artery disease (CAD): This is the most common type of heart disease. It occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart become hardened and narrowed due to the buildup of cholesterol and other substances, which can lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, or a heart attack.
2. Heart failure: This condition occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by various conditions, including coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, and cardiomyopathy.
3. Arrhythmias: These are abnormal heart rhythms, which can be too fast, too slow, or irregular. They can lead to symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness, and fainting.
4. Valvular heart disease: This involves damage to one or more of the heart's four valves, which control blood flow through the heart. Damage can be caused by various conditions, including infection, rheumatic fever, and aging.
5. Cardiomyopathy: This is a disease of the heart muscle that makes it harder for the heart to pump blood efficiently. It can be caused by various factors, including genetics, viral infections, and drug abuse.
6. Pericardial disease: This involves inflammation or other problems with the sac surrounding the heart (pericardium). It can cause chest pain and other symptoms.
7. Congenital heart defects: These are heart conditions that are present at birth, such as a hole in the heart or abnormal blood vessels. They can range from mild to severe and may require medical intervention.
8. Heart infections: The heart can become infected by bacteria, viruses, or parasites, leading to various symptoms and complications.
It's important to note that many factors can contribute to the development of heart disease, including genetics, lifestyle choices, and certain medical conditions. Regular check-ups and a healthy lifestyle can help reduce the risk of developing heart disease.
Sound spectrography, also known as voice spectrography, is a diagnostic procedure in which a person's speech sounds are analyzed and displayed as a visual pattern called a spectrogram. This test is used to evaluate voice disorders, speech disorders, and hearing problems. It can help identify patterns of sound production and reveal any abnormalities in the vocal tract or hearing mechanism.
During the test, a person is asked to produce specific sounds or sentences, which are then recorded and analyzed by a computer program. The program breaks down the sound waves into their individual frequencies and amplitudes, and displays them as a series of horizontal lines on a graph. The resulting spectrogram shows how the frequencies and amplitudes change over time, providing valuable information about the person's speech patterns and any underlying problems.
Sound spectrography is a useful tool for diagnosing and treating voice and speech disorders, as well as for researching the acoustic properties of human speech. It can also be used to evaluate hearing aids and other assistive listening devices, and to assess the effectiveness of various treatments for hearing loss and other auditory disorders.
The mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid valve, is a two-leaflet valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle in the heart. Its function is to ensure unidirectional flow of blood from the left atrium into the left ventricle during the cardiac cycle. The mitral valve consists of two leaflets (anterior and posterior), the chordae tendineae, papillary muscles, and the left atrial and ventricular myocardium. Dysfunction of the mitral valve can lead to various heart conditions such as mitral regurgitation or mitral stenosis.
The American Heart Association (AHA) is a non-profit organization in the United States that aims to reduce disability and death from cardiovascular diseases and stroke, including heart disease and stroke. The AHA was founded in 1924 and is one of the oldest and largest voluntary organizations dedicated to fighting cardiovascular disease.
The AHA provides a range of services, including:
* Funding research into the causes, prevention, and treatment of heart disease and stroke
* Providing educational resources for healthcare professionals, patients, and the general public
* Advocating for policies that promote heart health and prevent heart disease and stroke
* Developing guidelines and standards for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cardiovascular diseases
The AHA is funded through donations from individuals, corporations, and foundations. It operates with a volunteer board of directors and a professional staff. The organization has more than 3,400 volunteers and 70 local offices across the United States.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Washington" is not a medical term. It is a place name, referring to the U.S. state of Washington or the city of Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help answer those for you!
Flatfishes are a group of marine fish characterized by having both eyes on one side of their head, which is flattened laterally. This gives them a distinctive asymmetrical appearance. They belong to the order Pleuronectiformes and include various species such as halibut, flounder, sole, and plaice. Flatfishes start their life with eyes on both sides of their head, but during development, one eye migrates to the other side of the head, a process known as metamorphosis. They are bottom-dwelling predators that rely on their excellent camouflage abilities to ambush prey.
Oncorhynchus kisutch, also known as the coho salmon or silver salmon, is not a medical term. It is a species of anadromous fish in the salmon family. They are born in freshwater streams and migrate to the ocean where they live most of their lives before returning to fresh water to reproduce.
The term 'Oncorhynchus kisutch' comes from the field of biology and fisheries science. If you are looking for a medical definition, I would need more context to provide an accurate response.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Pacific Ocean" is a geographical term referring to the largest single body of saltwater on Earth, extending from the Arctic in the north to the Antarctic in the south. It covers an area of about 63,800,000 square miles (165,200,000 square kilometers).
If you're looking for a medical term or definition, I'd be happy to help with that as well. Could you please provide more context?
Chemical water pollutants refer to harmful chemicals or substances that contaminate bodies of water, making them unsafe for human use and harmful to aquatic life. These pollutants can come from various sources, including industrial and agricultural runoff, sewage and wastewater, oil spills, and improper disposal of hazardous materials.
Examples of chemical water pollutants include heavy metals (such as lead, mercury, and cadmium), pesticides and herbicides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and petroleum products. These chemicals can have toxic effects on aquatic organisms, disrupt ecosystems, and pose risks to human health through exposure or consumption.
Regulations and standards are in place to monitor and limit the levels of chemical pollutants in water sources, with the aim of protecting public health and the environment.
Heart sounds
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Third heart sound
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Sound of My Heart
The Sound of Heart
Sound of Your Heart
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The Sound of Arrows
Sound reinforcement system
Miracle of Sound
Heads and Hearts
Pretenders (album)
Unfinished Sympathy
Monique Rhodes
Bat Out of Hell (song)
Soul Sounds (choir)
The Future Sound of London
Janice Kapp Perry
Billy Ray Cyrus discography
Nephritic syndrome
Ventricular septal defect
Pulmonary insufficiency
Morissette (singer)
Heart sounds - Wikipedia
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Taking Refuge in the Wild Heart
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Sound Lab Majestic 845PX Electrostatic Speaker The heart of a music system that should last you forever. Review By Dr. Jules L....
Murmurs22
- In addition to these normal sounds, a variety of other sounds may be present including heart murmurs, adventitious sounds, and gallop rhythms S3 and S4. (wikipedia.org)
- Heart murmurs are generated by turbulent flow of blood and a murmur to be heard as turbulent flow must require pressure difference of at least 30 mm of Hg between the chambers and the pressure dominant chamber will outflow the blood to non-dominant chamber in diseased condition which leads to Left-to-right shunt or Right-to-left shunt based on the pressure dominance. (wikipedia.org)
- Abnormal murmurs can be caused by stenosis restricting the opening of a heart valve, resulting in turbulence as blood flows through it. (wikipedia.org)
- What Causes Heart Murmurs? (healthline.com)
- In many cases, heart murmurs and other abnormal heart sounds can only be detected when your doctor listens to your heart using a stethoscope. (healthline.com)
- What are the types of heart murmurs and other abnormal sounds? (healthline.com)
- Murmurs are graded depending on how loud the sound is. (healthline.com)
- Murmurs are also categorized as occurring during either the first sound (S1), as systole murmurs, or during the second sound (S2), as diastole murmurs. (healthline.com)
- What are the causes of heart murmurs and other sounds? (healthline.com)
- Murmurs, especially in children, may be caused by congenital heart malformations. (healthline.com)
- Home » Heart » Coronary Heart Disease » What Are Abnormal Heart sounds (Heart Murmurs)? (diseasefix.com)
- Generally, heart murmurs are harmless (innocent) and do not require any treatment. (diseasefix.com)
- Some heart murmurs are common and can be easily identified while others may require medical tests. (diseasefix.com)
- Heart murmurs can occur in babies or may develop later in life. (diseasefix.com)
- Murmurs are also categorized based on whether they occur during the first sound (S1) or during the second sound (S2). (diseasefix.com)
- What are innocent heart murmurs? (diseasefix.com)
- Murmurs can occur without any medical or heart conditions or disease. (diseasefix.com)
- The duration of your heart murmurs is defined as the portion of systole or diastole that the murmur covers. (diseasefix.com)
- Heart murmurs can be short or long. (diseasefix.com)
- Patients who have abnormal heart sounds or abnormal heart murmurs may show symptoms or signs of the underlying disease that is responsible for the murmurs. (diseasefix.com)
- Most of the times, heart murmurs aren't serious. (diseasefix.com)
- [ 1 ] In addition, auscultation of the left axilla, base of the heart, carotid arteries, and interscapular area should be performed to assess for radiation of heart sounds and murmurs. (medscape.com)
Doctor listens to your heart1
- A doctor listens to your heart beats by locating his device at different places on the chest to hear the sounds produced by your heart valves when blood travels through your heart across the valves. (diseasefix.com)
Heartbeat Sound1
- Very real and deep sounding heartbeat sound. (soundbible.com)
Stethoscope9
- Emily's heartbeat Normal heart sounds of a 16 year old female at rest, as heard with a stethoscope. (wikipedia.org)
- In cardiac auscultation, an examiner may use a stethoscope to listen for these unique and distinct sounds that provide important auditory data regarding the condition of the heart. (wikipedia.org)
- During a checkup, your doctor will use a stethoscope to listen to your heartbeat to determine whether your heart is beating properly and has a normal rhythm. (healthline.com)
- Problems with these parts of your heart may lead to unusual sounds that your doctor can detect by listening to your heart with a stethoscope or by performing an echocardiogram test . (healthline.com)
- Somehow I do not get a hum-free signal and also I can not hear or record heartbeats, only the sound of my finger knocking against the stethoscope. (recording.org)
- If correct, they will hear the appropriate sound through the stethoscope and/or external speakers. (gaumard.com)
- Typically, S 1 is a high-pitched sound best heard with the diaphragm of the stethoscope. (medscape.com)
- The intensity of S 1 depends on the integrity and pliability of valvular cusps, the length of the PR interval (which governs the velocity of valve closure), the strength of ventricular contraction, the presence or absence of valvular stenosis or regurgitation, the position of the valve leaflets at end-diastole, and the amount of tissue between the heart and the stethoscope. (medscape.com)
- One of the most common ways an atrial septal defect is found is by detecting a murmur when listening to a person's heart with a stethoscope. (cdc.gov)
Murmur14
- if it occurs outside the heart then the turbulence is called bruit or vascular murmur. (wikipedia.org)
- A heart murmur is an unusual sound heard between heartbeats. (healthline.com)
- If your doctor hears a "murmur" or any other abnormal sounds coming from your heart, it may be an early indicator of a serious heart condition. (healthline.com)
- The most common abnormal heart sound is a heart murmur. (healthline.com)
- A murmur is a blowing, whooshing, or rasping sound that occurs during your heartbeat. (healthline.com)
- In adults, innocent heart murmur may be caused by physical activity, fever, or pregnancy. (healthline.com)
- An abnormal murmur in a child is due to congenital heart malformations, which means they're present at birth. (healthline.com)
- An abnormal murmur in adults is usually caused by problems with the valves that separate the chambers of your heart. (healthline.com)
- What is a heart murmur? (diseasefix.com)
- A heart murmur is the sound produced as a result of turbulence of the blood flow in your heart (during your heart beat cycles). (diseasefix.com)
- A heart murmur isn't a disease in itself but may indicate an underlying heart problem. (diseasefix.com)
- Treatment, if needed, is focused on the cause of your heart murmur. (diseasefix.com)
- However, if you think you or your child has a heart murmur, it is better to seek consultation from a doctor. (diseasefix.com)
- He or she can tell you if your heart murmur is innocent and not serious and doesn't require any treatment or if you require further examination or treatment of the underlying cause of the condition. (diseasefix.com)
Congenital heart d1
- From the first successful pacemaker to new techniques saving newborns with congenital heart defects to drug-coated stents, we fund bold ideas that transform health care. (heart.org)
Coronary Heart D2
- What are the Symptoms of Coronary Heart Disease? (diseasefix.com)
- 5) Behavior Questionnaire elicited data on behavior which may be associated with coronary heart disease for examined persons ages 25-74. (cdc.gov)
Cardiac8
- The S1 heart sound is intensified due to the increased cardiac output. (wikipedia.org)
- The sounds heard over the cardiac region produced by the functioning of the heart. (umassmed.edu)
- Auscultation of the heart forms the core of cardiac physical examination. (medscape.com)
- Some of the common mechanisms by which heart sounds are generated include (1) opening or closure of the heart valves, (2) flow of blood through the valve orifice, (3) flow of blood into the ventricular chambers, and (4) rubbing of cardiac surfaces. (medscape.com)
- The main anatomic areas to focus on while initially evaluating heart sounds include the cardiac apex, the aortic area (second intercostal space [ICS] just to the right of the sternum or the third ICS just to the left of sternum), the pulmonary area (second ICS just to the left of sternum) and the tricuspid area (fourth and fifth ICS just to the left of sternum). (medscape.com)
- While interpreting the heart sounds, it is essential to understand from which part of the cardiac cycle they are being generated. (medscape.com)
- Closure of the hole may be done during cardiac catheterization or open-heart surgery . (cdc.gov)
- Echocardiography is considered the most reliable noninvasive test to establish the diagnosis, assess cardiac function, and exclude associated structural heart disease. (medscape.com)
Gallop3
- An S3 gallop or "third heart sound" is a sound that occurs after the diastole S2 "dub" sound. (healthline.com)
- An S4 gallop is an extra sound before the S1 systole "lub" sound. (healthline.com)
- This is called a "summation gallop," which can occur when your heart is beating very fast. (healthline.com)
High-pitched sounds2
- Clicks or short, high-pitched sounds may also be heard during your regular heartbeat. (healthline.com)
- A stethoscope's bell can be helpful with low pitched sounds and the diaphragm is used for medium or high pitched sounds. (diseasefix.com)
Puget Sound5
- Imagine a Puget Sound where healthy choices are equitable and accessible, where your freeway exit does not determine your health. (heart.org)
- We're fighting for fundamental changes in our community so that no matter where you live in the Puget Sound, you can make healthy choices. (heart.org)
- Three Puget Sound-based organizations have been chosen to receive new funding to help tackle barriers to healthy food, affordable housing and stable employment through innovative, community-led approaches. (heart.org)
- Join the fight against heart disease and stroke at a local Puget Sound event. (heart.org)
- KUOW is the Puget Sound region's #1 radio station for news. (kuow.org)
Atrial3
- An atrial septal defect (pronounced EY-tree-uhl SEP-tuhl DEE-fekt) is a birth defect of the heart in which there is a hole in the wall (septum) that divides the upper chambers (atria) of the heart. (cdc.gov)
- An atrial septal defect is one type of congenital heart defect. (cdc.gov)
- The causes of heart defects such as atrial septal defect among most babies are unknown. (cdc.gov)
20221
- The correct information is that The Head and The Heart did have a concert in St. Louis, but it took place in October in 2022. (callnewspapers.com)
Valves10
- Specifically, the sounds reflect the turbulence created when the heart valves snap shut. (wikipedia.org)
- These are the first heart sound (S1) and second heart sound (S2), produced by the closing of the atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
- Normal heart sounds are associated with heart valves closing: The first heart sound, or S1, forms the "lub" of "lub-dub" and is composed of components M1 (mitral valve closure) and T1 (tricuspid valve closure). (wikipedia.org)
- The papillary muscles are attached to the cusps or leaflets of the tricuspid and mitral valves via chordae tendineae (heart strings). (wikipedia.org)
- The S1 sound results from reverberation within the blood associated with the sudden block of flow reversal by the valves. (wikipedia.org)
- These sounds are caused by the closing of valves inside your heart. (healthline.com)
- The location of peaks within the power density spectra of opening, systolic and closing sounds were more similar during the studies of alternate, non-normal, pulsatile states of normal valves than they were during the studies of normal/abnormal valves under normal pulsatile states. (caltech.edu)
- The first sound is heard as the mitral and tricuspid valves close. (diseasefix.com)
- The Second sound "Dub" is heard due to blood slamming shut of the semilunar valves (Aortic and Pulmonic). (diseasefix.com)
- The first heart sound (S 1 ) is produced by vibrations generated by closure of the mitral (M 1 ) and tricuspid valves (T 1 ). (medscape.com)
Worse3
- Experts think this can lead to palpitations, and could even be linked with worse heart health further down the line. (huffingtonpost.co.uk)
- Then at one point it got even worse and I had to turn my sound off. (pcsx2.net)
- At best, Quad has produced different sounding speakers, some of which were pretty good, but none better and most much worse sounding than the original. (enjoythemusic.com)
Lungs2
- An album destined to be included in the popular holiday lexicon with Frank Sinatra , Nat King Cole and King Crimson , put this on at your next ornament exchange or Jello-swap and watch eyes, hearts and lungs fill up with the Christmas spirit! (soundsareactive.com)
- Damage to the blood vessels in the lungs may cause problems in adulthood, such as high blood pressure in the lungs and heart failure. (cdc.gov)
Disease4
- In older adults, it may indicate heart disease . (healthline.com)
- It's always a sign of disease, likely the failure of the left ventricle of your heart. (healthline.com)
- Third heart sound in right ventricular infarction and constrictive pericardial disease. (umassmed.edu)
- The diagnosis is confirmed regardless of the pulmonary arterial pressure, as long as it is accompanied by a right-to-left shunt and absence of congenital heart disease. (medscape.com)
Lung9
- I Heart Lung explores a wealth of improvisational material in addition to studio tracks, old and new, including a sketch from the band's forthcoming album Interoceans . (soundsareactive.com)
- Recorded in one afternoon and mixed in another, this five song EP includes four Christmas standards as well as the I Heart Lung original, "Santa Claus Vs. Dracula. (soundsareactive.com)
- Field recordings by Chicagoan John Kannenberg were provided to I Heart Lung who treated them as another improvisor. (soundsareactive.com)
- The album features contributions from a staggeringly diverse group of artists including I Heart Lung , Awol One , Yarah Bravo , Justin Vollmar and Dulok Shaman . (soundsareactive.com)
- This limited edition 12″ features two unreleased cuts from Asthmatic Kitty recording artists Castanets and three all new pieces from Sounds Are Active 's I Heart Lung . (soundsareactive.com)
- Pressed and sold on the recent Oort Cloud BBQ/Sainthood Now tour which saw I Heart Lung touring along side Castanets and Wooden Wand & Vanishing Voice . (soundsareactive.com)
- One long-form Castanets composite along with a shorter piece make up Side A. I Heart Lung contributes one rapid-fire free jazz romp on "Speedboats For Breakfast", one ballad and the near 8-minute "If I Were A Young Man Now. (soundsareactive.com)
- The 1-Year-Old Patient Heart and Lung Sounds Skills Trainer is a new site-specific upgrade for your existing Gaumard® newborn manikin. (gaumard.com)
- Teach site-specific heart and lung auscultation skills using seamless simulation technology. (gaumard.com)
ATRIA1
- As a baby's heart develops during pregnancy, there are normally several openings in the wall dividing the upper chambers of the heart (atria). (cdc.gov)
19851
- Founded Sounds True in 1985 as a multimedia publishing house with a mission to disseminate spiritual wisdom. (soundstrue.com)
World's2
- Sonos (Nasdaq: SONO) is the world's leading sound experience company. (sonos.com)
- Cities and Memory is one of the world's biggest sound projects, a global, collaborative sound art and field recording programme with the aim of remixing the world, one sound at a time. (bandcamp.com)
Band's1
- Songs like the beat-driven "Starstruck" are a step away from the indie folk of "Down in the Valley" and "Rivers and Roads" - songs from the band's self-titled album that 12 years ago got The Head and The Heart tagged as Seattle's best new band. (callnewspapers.com)
Rubbing2
- Rubbing sounds may be heard in people with certain kinds of infections. (healthline.com)
- A rubbing sound is usually caused by an infection in your pericardium (a sac that surrounds your heart) due to a virus, bacteria, or fungus. (healthline.com)
Systolic3
- Attention was given to understanding effects of valvar and pulsatile conditions upon the frequency characteristics of the opening, systolic, and closing sounds. (caltech.edu)
- The difference between systolic sounds was much greater than between opening and closing sounds for cases involving changes of the stroke volume for each normal valve design. (caltech.edu)
- An increase in systolic flow rate produced a corresponding increase in the power of peaks in the spectra of the systolic sound for each design. (caltech.edu)
Ventricular2
- Aging, myocardial compliance and ventricular filling sounds. (umassmed.edu)
- Under alternate pulsatile states, the total power of the opening and closing sounds were influenced primarily by the rate of change of the ventricular pressure prior to these events. (caltech.edu)
Music6
- Use these sounds to make your own music. (free-loops.com)
- This page contains normal heart beat sounds & music loops that are available in either .wav or .mp3 format. (free-loops.com)
- Malawi Sounds (MASO) is an online music platform that was established 3 years down the line with vision to promote local music talent with much focus on upcoming artists by creating a platform where they can be exposed to the public. (nyasatimes.com)
- In their weekly Two for Tuesday feature, Consequence of Sound compared and contrasted both artists' music, noting that they consider the chaos and confusion of life, especially on tracks like Zeppelin's "Dazed and Confused" and Vile's "Wakin on A Pretty Daze. (xpn.org)
- Sound Lab Majestic 845PX Electrostatic Speaker The heart of a music system that should last you forever. (enjoythemusic.com)
- Sound Of Music Stockholm HB is a music production company, established 1994 and ran by Torbjörn "Toby" Frisk. (soundofmusic.se)
Symptoms2
- In some cases, you may notice signs or symptoms of an underlying heart condition. (healthline.com)
- These can be benign and never cause symptoms, or they can be severe malformations that require surgery or even a heart transplant. (healthline.com)
Aortic2
- The second heart sound, or S2, forms the "dub" of "lub-dub" and is composed of components A2 (aortic valve closure) and P2 (pulmonary valve closure). (wikipedia.org)
- Effects of pulse rate, mean flow-rate, and mean aortic pressure associated with the normal valvar sounds were investigated. (caltech.edu)
20161
- So as part of their 2016 Olympics sponsorship, this film celebrates the human heart, another engine we never see that works in every moment, from the mundane to the most crucial. (dandad.org)
Loud1
- Human heart beating loud and strong. (soundbible.com)
Chambers1
- Your heart is made up of four chambers . (healthline.com)
Beats1
- Normally, these heart beats produce two sounds - lub-dub. (diseasefix.com)
BROKEN HEARTS1
- Remastrad utgåva av Royal Hunts debutalbum "Land of Broken Hearts", en klassiker bland Melodic Rock/AOR- och Metal-fans. (soundpollution.se)
Vocals2
- The vocals often sound like they're right up in your ear whispering. (collectedsounds.com)
- Move 2 comes with a completely overhauled acoustic architecture including dual-tweeters that deliver spacious stereo sound and crisp vocals allowing you to feel the emotional charge of a live performance. (sonos.com)
Content1
- Known for delivering an unparalleled sound experience, thoughtful design aesthetic, simplicity of use, and an open platform, Sonos makes the breadth of audio content available to anyone. (sonos.com)
Pericardial1
- Your pericardial sac surrounds your heart and protects it. (healthline.com)
Failure3
- Acorn Cardiovascular Inc.'s CorCap device is a mesh support sock sewn around the heart during open-heart surgery for dilated cardiomyopathy, a form of heart failure in which the heart becomes enlarged. (citizen.org)
- Failure modes were simulated and resulting changes of the sounds were examined. (caltech.edu)
- The patient was admitted for management of acute decompensated heart failure. (cdc.gov)
Mechanisms2
- Reference/source for mechanisms of heart sounds? (studentdoctor.net)
- The topic heading says it all: does anyone know a good source that explains the mechanisms of heart sounds? (studentdoctor.net)
Normal heart2
- In healthy adults, there are two normal heart sounds, often described as a lub and a dub that occur in sequence with each heartbeat. (wikipedia.org)
- The normal heart sound demonstrating S1 followed by an S2, best audible at the apex. (medscape.com)
Chest2
- This pounding sound is a sign of palpitations , which may be faster than your usual heartbeat and which can sometimes be felt in your neck or chest. (huffingtonpost.co.uk)
- If the palpitations come with breathlessness, chest pain, or feeling faint or fainting, the NHS says you should seek immediate help as this can be a sign of a heart problem. (huffingtonpost.co.uk)
Valve1
- Visualization of the valve and particle trajectories and simultaneous recording of sound, flow rate, and upstream and downstream pressure, provided direct evidence of the cause of many of the acoustical events. (caltech.edu)
20211
- This comparative study analyzes how stress is created through the mise-en-scene and characters in the two feature length lms Good Time (2017) and Boiling Point (2021). (lu.se)
20232
- Santa Barbara, Calif. - 6 September 2023 - Sonos (Nasdaq: SONO) today debuted Move 2, the next generation of its best-selling Move speaker, that delivers spacious stereo sound, up to 24 hours of battery life, and an ultra-durable water resistant design that's ready to party. (sonos.com)
- For the first half of 2023, The Head and the Heart played festivals and one-off shows, without violinist/guitarist/vocalist Charity Rose Thielen, who's been on maternity leave. (callnewspapers.com)
Fluid1
- When he arrived he was told that there was nothing else that could be done and that when the last bag of fluid ran out, my heart would likely stop beating. (cdc.gov)
Stress3
- The effect of near-maximal isometric stress on the presence and amplitude of fourth heart sounds. (umassmed.edu)
- Sound pressure levels (noise) and heart rate were measured continuously, and stress ratings were recorded. (cdc.gov)
- Although noise was not associated with stress , a significant correlation with increased heart rate indicates that noise may be associated with adverse health outcomes. (cdc.gov)
Meditation1
- Heart based meditation and living. (blogspot.com)
Respiratory1
- Each area should be systematically auscultated for S 1 , S 2 , physiologic splitting, respiratory variations, and any accessory sounds during systole and diastole. (medscape.com)
Breath1
- Practiced with the breath, this mantra takes you into the heart, opening to the source of wisdom and love. (gaia.com)
Imagine1
- If the 57 could sound so terrific given its limitations, one can only imagine how much better the experience would be were it possible to overcome them. (enjoythemusic.com)
Year4
- Emily's racing heartbeat Heart sounds of a 16 year old girl immediately after running, with a heart rate of 186 BPM. (wikipedia.org)
- We unconditionally guarantee your satisfaction with all Sounds True digital audio and video products and physical products for one year when purchased via our website. (soundstrue.com)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Heart Sounds" by people in this website by year, and whether "Heart Sounds" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
- The article incorrectly stated that The Head and The Heart were scheduled to perform in St. Louis this year. (callnewspapers.com)
Echocardiogram1
- The most common test is an echocardiogram which is an ultrasound of the heart. (cdc.gov)
Samples3
- Divided into two 14-minute-plus tracks, "Yerofeev in Space" is a light-hearted and crazed affair of noisy electronic samples all mashed together yet all very clear and actually easy to follow. (thesoundprojector.com)
- Side B" sounds even more like a train journey with early looping samples suggesting a rushing train, and some of the source material includes snatches of spoken dialogue. (thesoundprojector.com)
- The samples used aren't too extreme in their dynamics and there is a fair amount of space within this soundscape, so it doesn't constantly bash you with staggering amounts of sound. (thesoundprojector.com)
Worship3
- Lilongwe-based interdenominational choir called the heart of worship (THOW) has been voted as the best upcoming group in Malawi Sounds (MASO) online awards. (nyasatimes.com)
- Heart Sounds International exists to help ignite culturally relevant and biblically appropriate worship, especially in places where Christ-followers are restricted, persecuted or unknown. (scripture-engagement.org)
- Heart Sounds International promotes worship predominantly in the non-western world by providing services in audio and video production, training and teaching, and song writing workshops. (scripture-engagement.org)
