Helminthiasis, Animal
Helminths
Neglected Diseases
Ascaris lumbricoides
Anthelmintics
Ascariasis
Ancylostomatoidea
Magic
Sierra Leone
Soil
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic
Toilet Facilities
Hookworm Infections
Strongyloides stercoralis
Duddingtonia
Necator americanus
Schistosomiasis
Central Nervous System Helminthiasis
Ancylostoma
Albendazole
Feces
Hygiene
Prevalence
Nigeria
Double-blind placebo-controlled study of concurrent administration of albendazole and praziquantel in schoolchildren with schistosomiasis and geohelminths. (1/511)
A double-blind placebo-controlled study of the concurrent administration of albendazole and praziquantel was conducted in>1500 children with high prevalences of geohelminths and schistosomiasis. The study sites were in China and the Philippines, including 2 strains of Schistosoma japonicum, and 2 different regions of Kenya, 1 each with endemic Schistosoma mansoni or Schistosoma haematobium. Neither medication affected the cure rate of the other. There was no difference between the side effect rate from albendazole or the double placebo. Praziquantel-treated children had more nausea, abdominal pain, and headache but these side effects were statistically more common in children with schistosomiasis, suggesting a strong influence of dying parasites. The subjects were followed for 6 months for changes in infection status, growth parameters, hemoglobin, and schistosomiasis morbidity. In all 4 sites, a significant 6-month increase in serum hemoglobin was observed in children who received praziquantel, strongly supporting population-based mass treatment. (+info)Biochemical hypothyroidism secondary to iodine deficiency is associated with poor school achievement and cognition in Bangladeshi children. (2/511)
Iodine deficiency in pregnancy leads to poor cognitive function in the offspring; however, the effect of concurrent iodine deficiency on school-aged children is not clear. Several studies have shown that school children in iodine-deficient villages have poorer cognitive function than children in iodine-sufficient villages. However, villages differ in many factors that may also detrimentally affect children's development. In addition, the children's nutritional and health status has not usually been taken into account. In this study, we compared the cognitive function and school achievement levels of 170 children who had recently had low thyroxine (T4) levels [T4 /=70 nmol/L (euthyroid)]. The children were matched for school and grade level and came from the same iodine-deficient regions in rural Bangladesh. They were given a battery of cognitive, motor and school achievement tests. We also measured their nutritional status, examined their stools for geohelminths and assessed their home environments. A factor analysis of cognitive and motor function tests yielded two factors, a general cognitive factor and a fine motor factor. The children's height and arm circumference, experience of hunger, parental characteristics and stimulation in the home made independent contributions to their test scores. Controlling for these variables, the hypothyroid children performed worse than the euthyroid children on reading and spelling and the general cognitive factor. These findings indicate that a large number of disadvantages including hypothyroidism are related to the poor development of these children. (+info)Knowledge, perceptions and behaviour of mothers toward intestinal helminths in Upper Egypt: implications for control. (3/511)
Operational research was conducted in Qena Governorate, Upper Egypt, to gather the information needed to design an integrated control programme for intestinal helminths in the area. To this aim, qualitative and quantitative techniques were used on a sample representative of the entire governorate. Mothers were questioned about their knowledge and perception of intestinal helminths, their hygienic habits and health-seeking behaviour. At the same time, a coprological survey was conducted on all the children 2 to 12 years of age living in the selected households (n = 2657) to provide baseline data on the prevalence of infection with these parasites. The survey results showed that intestinal helminth infections were more prevalent in rural areas and in three of the 12 Governorate districts. Almost all the respondents considered worms harmful and were aware of the need for treatment. More than adequate knowledge was present on ways to prevent infection. Good hygienic practices were associated with a low prevalence of infection in the household. Practical recommendations were formulated to design a helminth control programme tailored to the local situation and to prioritize allocation of resources. Passive case detection appeared to be appropriate to the level of infection in Qena (< 15%). The intervention should target areas and districts where prevalence of infection was higher, and all children below 12 years of age. Health education, besides encouraging mothers to refer their children to the health units for treatment, should focus on improving hygienic behaviour. While schools might be the best channel to contact children, the use of informal channels of communication, such as television, should be promoted to reach the mostly illiterate mothers. The research highlights the importance of gathering information on mothers' perceptions and behaviour in the design and implementation of a community-based intestinal helminths control programme. (+info)Children's consumption of dark green, leafy vegetables with added fat enhances serum retinol. (4/511)
A randomized, double-blind, controlled study was conducted to determine whether the consumption of leafy vegetables by preschool children would enhance their serum vitamin A concentration to acceptable levels. Preschool children (n = 519; 2.5-6 y) in Saboba, northern Ghana, were randomly assigned to five feeding groups, differing essentially in the amount of fat and beta-carotene, fed once per d, 7 d per wk, for 3 mo. Serum retinol levels, anthropometric measurements, hemoglobin, rapid turnover proteins (pre-albumin and retinol-binding protein), worm infestation (stool examinations) and level of acute and chronic infection (serum C-reactive protein and acid glycoprotein) were determined before and after study. Relative to the baseline serum retinol values, consumption of dark green, leafy vegetables (Manihot sp. and Ceiba sp.) with fat (10 g/100 g) significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced serum retinol; consequently, the percentage of children with adequate retinol status increased from 28.2-48.2% after feeding (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences among groups, ages or pre- versus post-anthropometric measurements, hemoglobin concentration, or levels of worm infestation. The importance of these findings in alleviating and/or controlling vitamin A deficiency in developing countries is discussed. (+info)Assessment of combined ivermectin and albendazole for treatment of intestinal helminth and Wuchereria bancrofti infections in Haitian schoolchildren. (5/511)
This randomized, placebo-controlled trial investigated the efficacy and nutritional benefit of combining chemotherapeutic treatment for intestinal helminths (albendazole) and lymphatic filariasis (ivermectin). Children were infected with Ascaris (29.2%), Trichuris (42.2%), and hookworm (6.9%), with 54.7% of children having one or more of these parasites. Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria were found in 13.3% of the children. Children were randomly assigned to treatment with placebo, albendazole, ivermectin, or combined therapy. Combination treatment reduced the prevalence of Trichuris infections significantly more than either drug alone. Combination therapy also significantly reduced the prevalence and density of W. bancrofti microfilaremia compared with placebo or ivermectin alone. Only combination therapy resulted in significantly greater gains in height (hookworm-infected children) or weight (Trichuris-infected children) compared with the placebo group. Combined albendazole and ivermectin was a more efficacious treatment for intestinal helminth and W. bancrofti infections in children and resulted in nutritional benefits not found with either drug alone. (+info)The impact of population level deworming on the haemoglobin levels of schoolchildren in Tanga, Tanzania. (6/511)
The impact of albendazole (400 mg) and praziquantel (40 mg/kg body weight) treatment of schoolchildren was compared with placebo according to the presence of anaemia (haemoglobin concentration < 11. 0 g/dl) and heavy (> 5000 epg) or light (< 5000 epg) hookworm egg load. The study was conducted in rural Tanga. Medication was administered in September 1994 and children were followed-up in January 1995. Overall, anthelminthic treatment reduced the fall in haemoglobin concentration compared with that observed in the placebo group (- 0.11 g/dl vs. - 0.35 g/dl; P = 0.02). Anthelminthic treatment was of greatest benefit to the 9% of children with both anaemia and heavy hookworm egg load (+ 0.67 g/dl vs. - 0.67 g/dl) and was also of significant benefit to the 38% of children with anaemia and light hookworm egg load (+ 0.07 g/dl vs. - 0.21 g/dl). It was of no significant benefit to children who were not anaemic. This study suggests that single-dose anthelminthic treatment distributed in schools in this area achieves haematological benefits in nearly half of children infected with S. haematobium and geohelminths (37% of total population). (+info)Glomerulopathy associated with parasitic infections. (7/511)
Although parasitic infections do not usually present with disturbance in renal function, glomerular lesions can be seen in most of these infections. The glomerular lesions observed in parasitic infections cover the whole range of glomerular lesions known, but most of them are proliferative. Little is known of the exact pathogenic mechanisms. In this review, we try to explain the glomerular lesions associated with parasitic infections in terms of the specific immunologic events observed during these diseases against the background of recent developments in the general knowledge of the pathogenesis of glomerular disease. (+info)Development of a highly specific recombinant Toxocara canis second-stage larva excretory-secretory antigen for immunodiagnosis of human toxocariasis. (8/511)
The specificity of the recombinant Toxocara canis antigen developed for the immunodiagnosis of human toxocariasis was compared with that of the excretory-secretory antigen from T. canis second-stage larvae (TES) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A total of 153 human serum samples from patients infected with 20 different helminths, including 11 cases of toxocariasis, were examined. No false-negative reactions were observed for the toxocariasis cases. When the TES was used at concentrations of 0.5 and 0.125 microg/ml, cross-reactions were observed in 79 (55.6%) and 61 (43.0%) of 142 cases, respectively. In contrast, when the recombinant antigen was tested at a concentration of 0.5 microg/ml, cross-reactions were observed in 19 (13.4%) of 142 cases. At a concentration of 0.125 microg/ml, however, the cross-reaction rate decreased sharply to only 2.1%, corresponding to 3 of 142 cases. The cross-reactions occurred with one case each of gnathostomiasis, paragonimiasis with Paragonimus miyazakii, and spirometriasis, in which high antibody titers were detected. In addition, the recombinant antigen showed negative reactions with serum samples from patients infected with Ascaris and hookworms, which are the most common parasites in the world. These findings are also supported by experiments with animals infected with Ascaris and hookworm. From these results, the recombinant antigen is highly specific for toxocariasis and may provide more reliable diagnostic results than other methods. (+info)Helminthiasis is a medical condition characterized by the infection and infestation of body tissues and organs by helminths, which are parasitic worms. These worms can be classified into three main groups: nematodes (roundworms), cestodes (tapeworms), and trematodes (flukes).
Helminthiasis infections can occur through various modes of transmission, such as ingestion of contaminated food or water, skin contact with contaminated soil, or direct contact with an infected person or animal. The severity of the infection depends on several factors, including the type and number of worms involved, the duration of the infestation, and the overall health status of the host.
Common symptoms of helminthiasis include abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, anemia, and nutritional deficiencies. In severe cases, the infection can lead to organ damage or failure, impaired growth and development in children, and even death.
Diagnosis of helminthiasis typically involves microscopic examination of stool samples to identify the presence and type of worms. Treatment usually consists of administering anthelmintic drugs that are effective against specific types of worms. Preventive measures include improving sanitation and hygiene, avoiding contact with contaminated soil or water, and practicing safe food handling and preparation.
Helminthiasis, in general, refers to the infection or infestation of humans and animals by helminths, which are parasitic worms. When referring to "Animal Helminthiasis," it specifically pertains to the condition where animals, including domestic pets and livestock, are infected by various helminth species. These parasitic worms can reside in different organs of the animal's body, leading to a wide range of clinical signs depending on the worm species and the location of the infestation.
Animal Helminthiasis can be caused by different types of helminths:
1. Nematodes (roundworms): These include species like Ascaris suum in pigs, Toxocara cati and Toxascaris leonina in cats, and Toxocara canis in dogs. They can cause gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhea, vomiting, and weight loss.
2. Cestodes (tapeworms): Examples include Taenia saginata in cattle, Echinococcus granulosus in sheep and goats, and Dipylidium caninum in dogs and cats. Tapeworm infestations may lead to gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea or constipation and may also cause vitamin deficiencies due to the worm's ability to absorb nutrients from the host animal's digestive system.
3. Trematodes (flukes): These include liver flukes such as Fasciola hepatica in sheep, goats, and cattle, and schistosomes that can affect various animals, including birds and mammals. Liver fluke infestations may cause liver damage, leading to symptoms like weight loss, decreased appetite, and jaundice. Schistosome infestations can lead to issues in multiple organs depending on the species involved.
Preventing and controlling Helminthiasis in animals is crucial for maintaining animal health and welfare, as well as ensuring food safety for humans who consume products from these animals. Regular deworming programs, good hygiene practices, proper pasture management, and monitoring for clinical signs are essential components of a comprehensive parasite control strategy.
Helminths are a type of parasitic worm that can infect humans and animals. They are multi-cellular organisms that belong to the phyla Platyhelminthes (flatworms) or Nematoda (roundworms). Helminths can be further classified into three main groups: nematodes (roundworms), cestodes (tapeworms), and trematodes (flukes).
Helminth infections are typically acquired through contact with contaminated soil, food, or water. The symptoms of helminth infections can vary widely depending on the type of worm and the location and extent of the infection. Some common symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, anemia, and malnutrition.
Helminths have complex life cycles that often involve multiple hosts. They can be difficult to diagnose and treat, and in some cases, may require long-term treatment with anti-parasitic drugs. Preventive measures such as good hygiene practices, proper sanitation, and access to clean water can help reduce the risk of helminth infections.
Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are a group of infectious diseases that primarily affect people living in poverty, in tropical and subtropical areas. These diseases are called "neglected" because they have been largely ignored by medical research and drug development, as well as by global health agencies and pharmaceutical companies.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified 20 diseases as NTDs, including:
1. Buruli ulcer
2. Chagas disease
3. Dengue and chikungunya
4. Dracunculiasis (guinea-worm disease)
5. Echinococcosis
6. Endemic treponematoses
7. Foodborne trematodiases
8. Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)
9. Leishmaniasis
10. Leprosy (Hansen's disease)
11. Lymphatic filariasis
12. Onchocerciasis (river blindness)
13. Rabies
14. Schistosomiasis
15. Soil-transmitted helminthiases
16. Snakebite envenoming
17. Taeniasis/Cysticercosis
18. Trachoma
19. Mycetoma, chromoblastomycosis and other deep mycoses
20. Yaws (Endemic treponematoses)
These diseases can lead to severe disfigurement, disability, and even death if left untreated. They affect more than 1 billion people worldwide, mainly in low-income countries in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. NTDs also have significant social and economic impacts, contributing to poverty, stigma, discrimination, and exclusion.
Efforts are underway to raise awareness and increase funding for research, prevention, and treatment of NTDs. The WHO has set targets for controlling or eliminating several NTDs by 2030, including dracunculiasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, trachoma, and human African trypanosomiasis.
'Ascaris lumbricoides' is the medical term for a type of intestinal roundworm that can infect humans. This parasitic worm is one of the largest that can infest humans, and it is particularly prevalent in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene.
The life cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides begins when an infected person passes eggs in their feces. These eggs can then be ingested through contaminated food or water, or by accidentally ingesting soil that contains the eggs. Once inside the body, the larvae hatch from the eggs and migrate through the tissues to the lungs, where they mature further. They are then coughed up and swallowed, entering the digestive system again, where they mature into adult worms.
Adult female Ascaris lumbricoides worms can grow up to 20-35 cm in length, while males are smaller, typically around 15-30 cm. They live in the small intestine and feed on partially digested food. Females can lay tens of thousands of eggs per day, which are passed in the feces and can infect other people if they come into contact with them.
Symptoms of ascariasis (the infection caused by Ascaris lumbricoides) can vary depending on the number of worms present and the severity of the infestation. Mild infections may cause no symptoms at all, while more severe infections can lead to abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss. In rare cases, the worms can cause intestinal obstruction or migrate to other parts of the body, leading to serious complications.
Treatment for ascariasis typically involves medication to kill the worms, such as albendazole or mebendazole. Preventing infection requires good hygiene practices, including washing hands thoroughly with soap and water after using the toilet and before eating, and avoiding contact with contaminated soil or water.
Anthelmintics are a type of medication used to treat infections caused by parasitic worms, also known as helminths. These medications work by either stunting the growth of the worms, paralyzing them, or killing them outright, allowing the body to expel the worms through normal bodily functions. Anthelmintics are commonly used to treat infections caused by roundworms, tapeworms, flukeworms, and hookworms. Examples of anthelmintic drugs include albendazole, mebendazole, praziquantel, and ivermectin.
"Trichuris" is a genus of parasitic roundworms that are known to infect the intestines of various mammals, including humans. The species that commonly infects humans is called "Trichuris trichiura," which is also known as the human whipworm. These worms are named for their long, thin shape that resembles a whip.
The life cycle of Trichuris involves ingestion of eggs containing infective larvae through contaminated food or water. Once inside the human body, the larvae hatch and migrate to the large intestine, where they mature into adult worms that live in the caecum and colon. Adult female worms lay thousands of eggs every day, which are passed in the feces and can survive in the environment for years, waiting to infect a new host.
Infections with Trichuris trichiura can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, and weight loss. In severe cases, it can lead to anemia, malnutrition, and impaired growth in children. Treatment for trichuriasis typically involves medication that kills the adult worms, such as albendazole or mebendazole.
Ascariasis is a medical condition caused by infection with the parasitic roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides. This type of worm infection, also known as intestinal ascariasis, occurs when people ingest contaminated soil, food, or water that contains Ascaris eggs. Once inside the body, these eggs hatch into larvae, which then migrate through the tissues and eventually reach the small intestine, where they mature into adult worms.
The adult worms can grow to be several inches long and live in the small intestine, where they feed on partially digested food. Female worms can produce thousands of eggs per day, which are then passed out of the body in feces. If these eggs hatch and infect other people, the cycle of infection continues.
Symptoms of ascariasis can vary depending on the severity of the infection. Mild infections may not cause any symptoms, while more severe infections can lead to abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss. In some cases, the worms can cause intestinal blockages or migrate to other parts of the body, leading to potentially serious complications.
Treatment for ascariasis typically involves medication to kill the adult worms and prevent them from producing more eggs. Preventive measures include good hygiene practices, such as washing hands thoroughly after using the bathroom and before eating, and avoiding contact with contaminated soil or water.
Ancylostomatoidea is a superfamily of nematode (roundworm) parasites that includes the genera Ancylostoma and Necator, which are commonly known as hookworms. These parasites are primarily found in the small intestine of their hosts, which can include humans and other animals.
Ancylostomatoidea parasites have a complex life cycle that involves both free-living and parasitic stages. The life cycle begins when the parasite's eggs are passed in the feces of an infected host and hatch into larvae in the soil. The larvae then infect a new host by penetrating the skin, usually through contact with contaminated soil.
Once inside the host, the larvae migrate through the body to the lungs, where they mature and are coughed up and swallowed, allowing them to reach the small intestine. Here, they attach to the intestinal wall and feed on the host's blood, causing anemia and other symptoms of hookworm infection.
Hookworm infections can cause a range of symptoms, including abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and fatigue. In severe cases, they can lead to anemia, intestinal obstruction, and even death. Prevention measures include wearing shoes in areas with contaminated soil, practicing good hygiene, and treating infected individuals to prevent the spread of the parasite.
Trichuriasis is a parasitic infection caused by the nematode (roundworm) Trichuris trichiura, also known as the whipworm. This infection primarily affects the large intestine (cecum and colon). The main symptoms of trichuriasis include diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. In heavy infections, there can be severe complications such as anemia, growth retardation, and rectal prolapse. Trichuriasis is typically transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated soil containing Trichuris trichiura eggs, often through poor hygiene practices or exposure to contaminated food and water.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "magic" is not a term that is recognized in medical terminology. It is commonly understood to refer to supernatural or illusory powers or events, which are not relevant to the field of medicine. If you have any questions related to medical conditions, treatments, or terminology, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Sierra Leone" is not a medical term or concept. It is an African country located on the western coast of the continent, known for its rich natural resources and diverse culture. If you have any questions about medical topics or health-related issues, I would be happy to try to help answer them!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "soil" is not a term that has a medical definition. Soil is defined as the top layer of earth in which plants grow, a mixture of organic material, clay, sand, and silt. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I would be happy to try to help answer them for you.
Parasitic intestinal diseases are disorders caused by microscopic parasites that invade the gastrointestinal tract, specifically the small intestine. These parasites include protozoa (single-celled organisms) and helminths (parasitic worms). The most common protozoan parasites that cause intestinal disease are Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Entamoeba histolytica. Common helminthic parasites include roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides), tapeworms (Taenia saginata and Taenia solium), hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus), and pinworms (Enterobius vermicularis).
Parasitic intestinal diseases can cause a variety of symptoms, including diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and weight loss. The severity and duration of the symptoms depend on the type of parasite, the number of organisms present, and the immune status of the host.
Transmission of these parasites can occur through various routes, including contaminated food and water, person-to-person contact, and contact with contaminated soil or feces. Preventive measures include practicing good hygiene, washing hands thoroughly after using the toilet and before handling food, cooking food thoroughly, and avoiding consumption of raw or undercooked meat, poultry, or seafood.
Treatment of parasitic intestinal diseases typically involves the use of antiparasitic medications that target the specific parasite causing the infection. In some cases, supportive care such as fluid replacement and symptom management may also be necessary.
'Toilet facilities' refer to the designated area or room that contains fixtures and equipment for the purpose of personal hygiene and sanitation, including toilets (water closets), urinals, sinks (wash basins), and sometimes bathing facilities. They are essential in various settings such as hospitals, clinics, healthcare facilities, schools, workplaces, and public places to maintain cleanliness, promote health, and ensure dignity and comfort for individuals. Accessible and well-maintained toilet facilities are crucial for infection control, prevention of diseases, and ensuring the safety and convenience of users, especially those with special needs or disabilities.
Hookworm infections are parasitic diseases caused by the ingestion or penetration of hookworm larvae (immature worms) into the human body. The two main species that infect humans are Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale.
The infection typically occurs through skin contact with contaminated soil, often when walking barefoot on dirty ground. The larvae then penetrate the skin, enter the bloodstream, and travel to the lungs where they mature further. They are coughed up and swallowed, eventually reaching the small intestine, where they attach to the intestinal wall and feed on blood.
Hookworm infections can cause a range of symptoms, including abdominal pain, diarrhea, anemia, weight loss, and fatigue. In severe cases, chronic hookworm infections can lead to serious complications such as protein malnutrition and heart failure. Treatment typically involves the use of anti-parasitic medications, such as albendazole or mebendazole, which kill the adult worms and allow the body to expel them. Preventive measures include improving sanitation and hygiene practices, wearing shoes in areas with contaminated soil, and regular deworming of at-risk populations.
"Strongyloides stercoralis" is a species of parasitic roundworm that can infect humans and other animals. The adult female worms live in the small intestine, where they lay eggs that hatch into larvae. These larvae can then either mature into adult worms within the host's intestine or be passed out of the body in feces. If the larvae in the feces come into contact with suitable moist soil, they can mature into infective larvae that can penetrate the skin of a new host and cause infection.
In humans, "Strongyloides stercoralis" infection can cause a range of symptoms, including abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating, and weight loss. In some cases, the infection can become chronic and lead to serious complications, such as disseminated disease or gram-negative sepsis, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems.
The diagnosis of "Strongyloides stercoralis" infection typically involves the detection of larvae in the stool or other bodily fluids, although serological tests and PCR assays are also available. Treatment usually involves the use of anti-parasitic drugs, such as ivermectin or albendazole, to kill the worms and prevent the progression of the infection.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Duddingtonia" is not a medical term or concept. It is actually the name of a genus of fungi that live in the soil and are parasites of nematodes (roundworms). The fungus forms adhesive spores that stick to the nematode's body, then germinate and penetrate the worm, eventually killing and consuming it. It has been studied for its potential as a biological control agent for certain plant-parasitic nematodes. I hope this information is helpful! If you have any questions related to medical topics, I would be happy to try to help answer them.
Necator americanus is a species of parasitic hookworm that primarily infects the human intestine. The medical definition of Necator americanus would be:
A nematode (roundworm) of the family Ancylostomatidae, which is one of the most common causes of human hookworm infection worldwide. The adult worms live in the small intestine and feed on blood, causing iron deficiency anemia and protein loss. Infection occurs through contact with contaminated soil, often through bare feet, and results in a skin infection called cutaneous larva migrans (creeping eruption). After penetrating the skin, the larvae migrate to the lungs, ascend the respiratory tract, are swallowed, and then mature into adults in the small intestine.
The life cycle of Necator americanus involves several developmental stages, including eggs, larvae, and adult worms. The eggs are passed in the feces of infected individuals and hatch in warm, moist soil. The larvae then mature and become infective, able to penetrate human skin upon contact.
Preventive measures include wearing shoes in areas with known hookworm infection, avoiding walking barefoot on contaminated soil, improving sanitation and hygiene practices, and treating infected individuals to break the transmission cycle. Treatment of hookworm infection typically involves administration of anthelmintic medications, such as albendazole or mebendazole, which kill the adult worms in the intestine.
Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia or snail fever, is a parasitic infection caused by several species of the trematode flatworm Schistosoma. The infection occurs when people come into contact with freshwater contaminated with the parasite's larvae, which are released by infected freshwater snails.
The larvae penetrate the skin, enter the bloodstream, and mature into adult worms in the blood vessels of the urinary tract or intestines. The female worms lay eggs, which can cause inflammation and scarring in various organs, including the liver, lungs, and brain.
Symptoms of schistosomiasis may include fever, chills, cough, muscle aches, and diarrhea. In chronic cases, the infection can lead to serious complications such as kidney damage, bladder cancer, and seizures. Schistosomiasis is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions with poor sanitation and lack of access to safe drinking water. It is preventable through improved water supply, sanitation, and snail control measures. Treatment typically involves the use of a medication called praziquantel, which kills the adult worms.
Central nervous system helminthiasis is a medical condition that refers to the invasion and infection of the central nervous system (CNS), specifically the brain and spinal cord, by parasitic worms, also known as helminths. This rare but serious condition can occur when helminth larvae or eggs accidentally migrate from their usual location in the body to the CNS through the bloodstream or cerebrospinal fluid.
The most common types of helminths that can cause CNS helminthiasis include:
1. Neurocysticercosis: This is caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Taenia solium, which typically infects the muscles and brain. However, when the larvae invade the CNS, they can form cysts that cause inflammation, swelling, and damage to brain tissue.
2. Echinococcosis: This is caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus or Echinococcus multilocularis. The larvae can form hydatid cysts in various organs, including the brain, leading to neurological symptoms.
3. Gnathostomiasis: This is caused by the larval stage of the nematode Gnathostoma spinigerum or Gnathostoma hispidum. The larvae can migrate to various organs, including the CNS, causing inflammation and damage to brain tissue.
4. Angiostrongyliasis: This is caused by the nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis, which typically infects rats but can accidentally infect humans through contaminated food or water. The larvae can migrate to the CNS and cause eosinophilic meningitis, an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
Symptoms of CNS helminthiasis depend on the type of parasite involved, the location and extent of the infection, and the host's immune response. They can range from mild to severe and may include headache, seizures, weakness, numbness, vision changes, confusion, and cognitive impairment. Diagnosis is usually based on clinical presentation, imaging studies, and laboratory tests, such as serology or CSF analysis. Treatment depends on the type of parasite involved and may include antiparasitic drugs, corticosteroids, and supportive care. Prevention measures include avoiding contaminated food and water, practicing good hygiene, and using insect repellents to prevent mosquito-borne infections.
Ancylostoma is a genus of parasitic roundworms that are commonly known as hookworms. These intestinal parasites infect humans and other animals through contact with contaminated soil, often via the skin or mouth. Two species of Ancylostoma that commonly infect humans are Ancylostoma duodenale and Ancylostoma ceylanicum.
Ancylostoma duodenale is found primarily in tropical and subtropical regions, including parts of the Mediterranean, Africa, Asia, and southern Europe. It can cause a disease called ancylostomiasis or hookworm infection, which can lead to symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, anemia, and impaired growth in children.
Ancylostoma ceylanicum is found mainly in Southeast Asia, southern China, and some parts of Australia. It can also cause ancylostomiasis, with symptoms similar to those caused by Ancylostoma duodenale. However, Ancylostoma ceylanicum infections are often less severe than those caused by Ancylostoma duodenale.
Preventive measures for hookworm infection include wearing shoes in areas where the soil may be contaminated with feces, washing hands thoroughly after using the toilet or handling soil, and avoiding ingestion of contaminated soil or water. Treatment for hookworm infection typically involves administration of anthelmintic drugs to eliminate the parasites from the body.
Albendazole is an antiparasitic medication used to treat a variety of parasitic infections, including neurocysticercosis (a tapeworm infection that affects the brain), hydatid disease (a parasitic infection that can affect various organs), and other types of worm infestations such as pinworm, roundworm, hookworm, and whipworm infections.
Albendazole works by inhibiting the polymerization of beta-tubulin, a protein found in the microtubules of parasitic cells, which disrupts the parasite's ability to maintain its shape and move. This leads to the death of the parasite and elimination of the infection.
Albendazole is available in oral form and is typically taken two to three times a day with meals for several days or weeks, depending on the type and severity of the infection being treated. Common side effects of albendazole include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and headache. Rare but serious side effects may include liver damage, bone marrow suppression, and neurological problems.
It is important to note that albendazole should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare provider, as it can have serious side effects and interactions with other medications. Additionally, it is not effective against all types of parasitic infections, so proper diagnosis is essential before starting treatment.
Praziquantel is an anthelmintic medication, which is used to treat and prevent trematode (fluke) infections, including schistosomiasis (also known as bilharzia or snail fever), clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis, paragonimiasis, and fasciolopsiasis. It works by causing severe spasms in the muscle cells of the parasites, ultimately leading to their death. Praziquantel is available in tablet form and is typically taken orally in a single dose, although the dosage may vary depending on the type and severity of the infection being treated.
It's important to note that praziquantel is not effective against tapeworm infections, and other medications such as niclosamide or albendazole are used instead for those infections. Also, Praziquantel should be taken under medical supervision, as it may have some side effects, including abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and headache.
It's important to consult a healthcare professional before taking any medication.
Feces are the solid or semisolid remains of food that could not be digested or absorbed in the small intestine, along with bacteria and other waste products. After being stored in the colon, feces are eliminated from the body through the rectum and anus during defecation. Feces can vary in color, consistency, and odor depending on a person's diet, health status, and other factors.
A "Parasite Egg Count" is a laboratory measurement used to estimate the number of parasitic eggs present in a fecal sample. It is commonly used in veterinary and human medicine to diagnose and monitor parasitic infections, such as those caused by roundworms, hookworms, tapeworms, and other intestinal helminths (parasitic worms).
The most common method for measuring parasite egg counts is the McMaster technique. This involves mixing a known volume of feces with a flotation solution, which causes the eggs to float to the top of the mixture. A small sample of this mixture is then placed on a special counting chamber and examined under a microscope. The number of eggs present in the sample is then multiplied by a dilution factor to estimate the total number of eggs per gram (EPG) of feces.
Parasite egg counts can provide valuable information about the severity of an infection, as well as the effectiveness of treatment. However, it is important to note that not all parasitic infections produce visible eggs in the feces, and some parasites may only shed eggs intermittently. Therefore, a negative egg count does not always rule out the presence of a parasitic infection.
Hygiene is the science and practice of maintaining and promoting health and preventing disease through cleanliness in personal and public environments. It includes various measures such as handwashing, bathing, using clean clothes, cleaning and disinfecting surfaces, proper waste disposal, safe food handling, and managing water supplies to prevent the spread of infectious agents like bacteria, viruses, and parasites.
In a medical context, hygiene is crucial in healthcare settings to prevent healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and ensure patient safety. Healthcare professionals are trained in infection control practices, including proper hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), environmental cleaning and disinfection, and safe injection practices.
Overall, maintaining good hygiene is essential for overall health and well-being, reducing the risk of illness and promoting a healthy lifestyle.
Prevalence, in medical terms, refers to the total number of people in a given population who have a particular disease or condition at a specific point in time, or over a specified period. It is typically expressed as a percentage or a ratio of the number of cases to the size of the population. Prevalence differs from incidence, which measures the number of new cases that develop during a certain period.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Nigeria" is not a medical term. It is a country located in West Africa, and it is the most populous country in Africa. If you have any questions about medical conditions or terms, I would be happy to help clarify those for you.
A cross-sectional study is a type of observational research design that examines the relationship between variables at one point in time. It provides a snapshot or a "cross-section" of the population at a particular moment, allowing researchers to estimate the prevalence of a disease or condition and identify potential risk factors or associations.
In a cross-sectional study, data is collected from a sample of participants at a single time point, and the variables of interest are measured simultaneously. This design can be used to investigate the association between exposure and outcome, but it cannot establish causality because it does not follow changes over time.
Cross-sectional studies can be conducted using various data collection methods, such as surveys, interviews, or medical examinations. They are often used in epidemiology to estimate the prevalence of a disease or condition in a population and to identify potential risk factors that may contribute to its development. However, because cross-sectional studies only provide a snapshot of the population at one point in time, they cannot account for changes over time or determine whether exposure preceded the outcome.
Therefore, while cross-sectional studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying potential associations between variables, further research using other study designs, such as cohort or case-control studies, is necessary to establish causality and confirm any findings.
Helminthiasis
Soil-transmitted helminthiasis
Ascaridia galli
Coenurosis in humans
Hookworm infection
Parasitic worm
Joyce K. Reynolds
Hermetia illucens
Strongyloidiasis
Tropical medicine
Coinfection
Biomphalaria glabrata
Trichuris trichiura
Biomphalaria tenagophila
Biomphalaria
Children Without Worms
Mass deworming
Neglected tropical diseases
Shiba Kumar Rai
Ascariasis
Rudolf Virchow
Judi Allen
London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases
Shamama Alasgarova
Trichostrongylus
Schistosoma intercalatum
Anthelmintic
Albendazole
Environmental racism in Russia
Undernutrition in children
Helminthiasis - Wikipedia
GHO | Global Health Observatory Data Repository (South-East Asia Region) | Soil-transmitted helminthiasis
WHO EMRO | Helminthiasis | Health topics
Helminthiasis, Animal | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
Handbook of Helminthiasis for Public Health - Volume 13, Number 4-April 2007 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Soil-transmitted helminthiasis | ESPEN
Helminthiasis | Profiles RNS
Introduction to intestinal helminthiasis | Evidence-Based Medicine Guidelines
Items where Subject is "WC Communicable Diseases | Tropical and Parasitic Diseases | WC 800 Helminthiasis" - LSTM Online Archive
Results of search for 'su:{Helminthiasis}' › WHO HQ Library catalog
RFC 1135: The Helminthiasis of the Internet - Pike Programming Language
Giardia serology Giardia serology, Giardia lamblia helminthiasis terhesség alatt történő kezelés során
Infection - Wikipedia
A-Z Index of Water-Related Topics | Healthy Water | CDC
Evaluation of Hookworm Diagnosis Techniques from Patients in Debre Elias and Sanja Districts of the Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in a cohort of HIV infected children in Guediawaye hospital, suburb of Dakar,...
Epidemiology
Improved mapping strategy to better inform policy on the control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in...
A first nation-wide assessment of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Fijian primary schools, and factors associated with the...
SciELO - Brazil - Food handlers: an important reservoir of protozoans and helminth parasites of public health importance Food...
Vol. 11 No. 1 (2005) | Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences
British Medical Journal: 2 (3526) | The BMJ
List of unusual words beginning with H
Nepalese Veterinary Journal
Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)
Corneal Ulcer: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
Internet Scientific Publications
Schistosomiasis4
- Soil-transmitted helminthiasis and schistosomiasis are the most important helminthiases, and are among the neglected tropical diseases. (wikipedia.org)
- After malaria and intestinal helminthiasis, schistosomiasis is the third most devastating tropical disease in the world, being a major source of morbidity and mortality for developing countries in Africa, South America, the Caribbean, the Middle East, and Asia. (medscape.com)
- Buruli ulcer (BU), leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH). (who.int)
- The use of the primary school platform to treat millions of children for schistosomiasis and helminthiasis in Africa is a perfect example. (disabled-world.com)
Intestinal2
- The intestinal helminthiasis are one of the most common etiologies. (internationalscholarsjournals.org)
- The macerate of Sida pilosa aerial parts is used empirically for the treatment of intestinal helminthiasis. (nih.gov)
Prevalence1
- Soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) is endemic in Fiji but its prevalence is not known and likely to have changed after a decade of mass drug administration (MDA) for lymphatic filariasis (LF). (acentds.org)
Infections1
- citation needed] Chronic immune responses to helminthiasis may lead to increased susceptibility to other infections such as tuberculosis, HIV, and malaria. (wikipedia.org)
Caused by parasitic worms1
- This memo takes a look back at the helminthiasis (infestation with, or disease caused by parasitic worms) of the Internet that was unleashed the evening of 2 November 1988. (liu.se)
Soil1
- A first nation-wide assessment of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Fijian primary schools, and factors associated with the infection, using a lymphatic filariasis transmission assessment survey as surveillance platform. (acentds.org)
Cattle1
- Cattle of Madi valley, Chitwan had shown wide range of helminthiasis in cattle. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
Canine1
- Auto IgG anti-IgE and IgG x IgE immune complex presence and effects on ELISA-based quantitation of IgE in canine atopic dermatitis, demodectic acariasis and helminthiasis. (harvard.edu)
Control1
- Handbook of Helminthiasis for Public Health is structured in 3 parts: Human Health and Helminth Infection, Helminthology, and Control Interventions. (cdc.gov)
Public Health1
- Handbook of Helminthiasis for Public Health by D.W.T. Crompton and Lorenzo Savioli, however, bears reading straight through. (cdc.gov)
Year1
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Helminthiasis, Animal" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Helminthiasis, Animal" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
People1
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Helminthiasis, Animal" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
Library1
- Helminthiasis, Animal" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
Soil-transmitted10
- Soil-transmitted helminthiasis and schistosomiasis are the most important helminthiases, and are among the neglected tropical diseases. (wikipedia.org)
- Drug combinations for the treatment of soil-transmitted helminthiasis are receiving increasing attention. (swisstph.ch)
- Soil-transmitted helminthiasis: back to the original point. (childrenwithoutworms.org)
- Holdings: Does vitamin A supplementation protect schoolchildren from acquiring soil-transmitted helminthiasis? (uitm.edu.my)
- Factors associated with the transmission of soil-transmitted helminthiasis among schoolchildren by: Isra Firmansyah, et al. (uitm.edu.my)
- We aimed to estimate the drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)-attributable burden of disease for diarrhoea, acute respiratory infections, undernutrition, and soil-transmitted helminthiasis, using the WASH service levels used to monitor the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as counterfactual minimum risk-exposure levels. (healthdata.org)
- Soil-transmitted helminthiasis was fully attributed to unsafe WASH. (healthdata.org)
- The proportion of diarrhoea that is attributable to unsafe WASH is 0·69 (0·65-0·72), 0·14 (0·13-0·17) for acute respiratory infections, and 0·10 (0·09-0·10) for undernutrition, and we assume that the entire disease burden from soil-transmitted helminthiasis was attributable to unsafe WASH. (healthdata.org)
- Objective: Grade three children (9-10 years) are recommended as the optimal study population for assessing community prevalence of schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminthiasis (STHs). (omicsonline.org)
- Soil-transmitted helminthiasis affects almost 2 billion people worldwide in tropical climates. (biomedcentral.com)
Gastrointestinal helminthiasis1
- This indicates that Azadirachta indica leaf extract is effective in the treatment of gastrointestinal helminthiasis and also further investigations are recommended as it may be useful in the treatment of other diseases. (journalbji.com)
20201
- The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2020 stated that helminthiasis spread throughout sub-Saharan Africa, America, China, and East Asia where 60% suffered by children. (unair.ac.id)
Intestinal2
- 7. Intestinal helminthiasis in Colombian children promotes a Th2 response to Helicobacter pylori: possible implications for gastric carcinogenesis. (nih.gov)
- An infection by a helminth is known as helminthiasis, helminth infection, or intestinal worm infection. (definitions.net)
Helminth2
- Handbook of Helminthiasis for Public Health is structured in 3 parts: Human Health and Helminth Infection, Helminthology, and Control Interventions. (cdc.gov)
- These are important aspects of infection because poverty, sanitation, national politics, and economic influences all contribute to the spread of helminthiasis but are often the most neglected aspects of helminth epidemiology. (cdc.gov)
Helminths1
- Helminthiasis, also known as worm infection, is any macroparasitic disease of humans and other animals in which a part of the body is infected with parasitic worms, known as helminths. (wikipedia.org)
Africa1
- Personal hygiene of primary school children has a positive effect on the incidence of helminthiasis in Asia and Africa with different prevalences. (unair.ac.id)
Infectious diseases1
- Helminthiasis becomes one of the infectious diseases included in neglected diseases that receive less attention and mostly occurred in tropical countries. (unair.ac.id)
Risk Factors2
- Objective: to assess risk factors in healthy hygiene behaviors that has the potential to cause helminthiasis. (jgpt.co.in)
- Conclusion: Risk factors in healthy hygiene behavior that have the potential to cause helminthiasis are health sanitation of residential, inadequate personal hygiene, and cooking pork at a "barapen" stone grilling ceremony, which is considered insufficient to kill worms. (jgpt.co.in)
Influences1
- Helminthiasis was found to be strongly associated with anaemia, stunting and underweight and environmental influences identified. (nih.gov)
School children2
- This article was written to analyze the personal hygiene of primary school children that may affect the incidence of helminthiasis. (unair.ac.id)
- To prevent and control helminthiasis in school children, schools should provide education about personal hygiene, improve sanitary facilities, and routinely give anthelmintics every six months. (unair.ac.id)
Drugs2
- FDA-Approved Antiparasitic Drugs in the 21st Century: A Success for Helminthiasis? (nih.gov)
- Cefixime de veiligheid tijdens de zwangerschap sinusitis behandeld Cefixime Cefixime trihydrateclavulanate kalium bijwerkingen drugs Cefixime Cefixime giardia hond forum positieve zwangerschapstest beeld van Cefixime Cefixime monografie Cefixime clavunate Cefixime drugs Cefixime sinus-infectie Cefixime pediatrische Cefixime boek gast website alcohol tijdens het gebruik van Cefixime Cefixime allergische reactie symptoom het kopen van Cefixime Effexor en het gewicht. (szolnokiallatotthon.hu)
Found2
- Helminthiasis has been found to result in poor birth outcome, poor cognitive development, poor school and work performance, poor socioeconomic development, and poverty. (wikipedia.org)
- Children with helminthiasis and anaemia were found to be 8.7 times more likely to be stunted and 4.3 times more likely to be underweight than non-anaemic and non-infected children. (nih.gov)
Health3
- Handbook of Helminthiasis for Public Health by D.W.T. Crompton and Lorenzo Savioli, however, bears reading straight through. (cdc.gov)
- Background: Helminthiasis is an infectious disease which is one of the severe health problems in Indonesia. (jgpt.co.in)
- The behavior of a clean and healthy life is expected to be able to encourage the community to improve the quality of daily health behaviors to cope with helminthiasis. (jgpt.co.in)
Treatment1
- This exceptional medication comes in the form of convenient capsules, making it ideal for at-home treatment of various types and severities of helminthiasis. (willswenson.com)
Body1
- Alleviate rashes associated with helminthiasis on the face and body. (willswenson.com)