An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults.
Protrusion of tissue, structure, or part of an organ through the bone, muscular tissue, or the membrane by which it is normally contained. Hernia may involve tissues such as the ABDOMINAL WALL or the respiratory DIAPHRAGM. Hernias may be internal, external, congenital, or acquired.
Protrusion of abdominal structures into the THORAX as a result of congenital or traumatic defects in the respiratory DIAPHRAGM.
A hernia caused by weakness of the anterior ABDOMINAL WALL due to midline defects, previous incisions, or increased intra-abdominal pressure. Ventral hernias include UMBILICAL HERNIA, incisional, epigastric, and spigelian hernias.
A protrusion of abdominal structures through the retaining ABDOMINAL WALL. It involves two parts: an opening in the abdominal wall, and a hernia sac consisting of PERITONEUM and abdominal contents. Abdominal hernias include groin hernia (HERNIA, FEMORAL; HERNIA, INGUINAL) and VENTRAL HERNIA.
STOMACH herniation located at or near the diaphragmatic opening for the ESOPHAGUS, the esophageal hiatus.
A groin hernia occurring inferior to the inguinal ligament and medial to the FEMORAL VEIN and FEMORAL ARTERY. The femoral hernia sac has a small neck but may enlarge considerably when it enters the subcutaneous tissue of the thigh. It is caused by defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL.
A HERNIA due to an imperfect closure or weakness of the umbilical ring. It appears as a skin-covered protrusion at the UMBILICUS during crying, coughing, or straining. The hernia generally consists of OMENTUM or SMALL INTESTINE. The vast majority of umbilical hernias are congenital but can be acquired due to severe abdominal distention.
Surgical procedures undertaken to repair abnormal openings through which tissue or parts of organs can protrude or are already protruding.
Any woven or knit material of open texture used in surgery for the repair, reconstruction, or substitution of tissue. The mesh is usually a synthetic fabric made of various polymers. It is occasionally made of metal.
The type of DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA caused by TRAUMA or injury, usually to the ABDOMEN.
A pelvic hernia through the obturator foramen, a large aperture in the hip bone normally covered by a membrane. Obturator hernia can lead to intestinal incarceration and INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION.
Propylene or propene polymers. Thermoplastics that can be extruded into fibers, films or solid forms. They are used as a copolymer in plastics, especially polyethylene. The fibers are used for fabrics, filters and surgical sutures.
A procedure in which a laparoscope (LAPAROSCOPES) is inserted through a small incision near the navel to examine the abdominal and pelvic organs in the PERITONEAL CAVITY. If appropriate, biopsy or surgery can be performed during laparoscopy.
The outer margins of the ABDOMEN, extending from the osteocartilaginous thoracic cage to the PELVIS. Though its major part is muscular, the abdominal wall consists of at least seven layers: the SKIN, subcutaneous fat, deep FASCIA; ABDOMINAL MUSCLES, transversalis fascia, extraperitoneal fat, and the parietal PERITONEUM.
Layers of connective tissue of variable thickness. The superficial fascia is found immediately below the skin; the deep fascia invests MUSCLES, nerves, and other organs.
Techniques for securing together the edges of a wound, with loops of thread or similar materials (SUTURES).
Materials used in closing a surgical or traumatic wound. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.
Incision into the side of the abdomen between the ribs and pelvis.
Artificial openings created by a surgeon for therapeutic reasons. Most often this refers to openings from the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT through the ABDOMINAL WALL to the outside of the body. It can also refer to the two ends of a surgical anastomosis.
The external junctural region between the lower part of the abdomen and the thigh.
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.
The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.
A blocking of nerve conduction to a specific area by an injection of an anesthetic agent.
A long flat muscle that extends along the whole length of both sides of the abdomen. It flexes the vertebral column, particularly the lumbar portion; it also tenses the anterior abdominal wall and assists in compressing the abdominal contents. It is frequently the site of hematomas. In reconstructive surgery it is often used for the creation of myocutaneous flaps. (From Gray's Anatomy, 30th American ed, p491)
Surgery performed on an outpatient basis. It may be hospital-based or performed in an office or surgicenter.
Pain during the period after surgery.
A fibromuscular band that attaches to the UTERUS and then passes along the BROAD LIGAMENT, out through the INGUINAL RING, and into the labium majus.
Operations carried out for the correction of deformities and defects, repair of injuries, and diagnosis and cure of certain diseases. (Taber, 18th ed.)
Ethers that are linked to a benzene ring structure.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
Mobilization of the lower end of the esophagus and plication of the fundus of the stomach around it (fundic wrapping) in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX that may be associated with various disorders, such as hiatal hernia. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.
Pathologic process consisting of a partial or complete disruption of the layers of a surgical wound.
Accumulation of serous fluid between the layers of membrane (tunica vaginalis) covering the TESTIS in the SCROTUM.
ENDOSCOPES for examining the abdominal and pelvic organs in the peritoneal cavity.
Pathophysiological conditions of the FETUS in the UTERUS. Some fetal diseases may be treated with FETAL THERAPIES.
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
The surgical construction of an opening between the colon and the surface of the body.
Pathological processes consisting of the union of the opposing surfaces of a wound.
The tunnel in the lower anterior ABDOMINAL WALL through which the SPERMATIC CORD, in the male; ROUND LIGAMENT, in the female; nerves; and vessels pass. Its internal end is at the deep inguinal ring and its external end is at the superficial inguinal ring.
The period of confinement of a patient to a hospital or other health facility.
Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.
A repeat operation for the same condition in the same patient due to disease progression or recurrence, or as followup to failed previous surgery.
Surgical removal of the vermiform appendix. (Dorland, 28th ed)
A congenital abnormality characterized by the elevation of the DIAPHRAGM dome. It is the result of a thinned diaphragmatic muscle and injured PHRENIC NERVE, allowing the intra-abdominal viscera to push the diaphragm upward against the LUNG.
A surgical procedure in which an undescended testicle is sutured inside the SCROTUM in male infants or children to correct CRYPTORCHIDISM. Orchiopexy is also performed to treat TESTICULAR TORSION in adults and adolescents.
Either of a pair of tubular structures formed by DUCTUS DEFERENS; ARTERIES; VEINS; LYMPHATIC VESSELS; and nerves. The spermatic cord extends from the deep inguinal ring through the INGUINAL CANAL to the TESTIS in the SCROTUM.
A cutaneous pouch of skin containing the testicles and spermatic cords.
Infection occurring at the site of a surgical incision.
Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM.
Homopolymer of tetrafluoroethylene. Nonflammable, tough, inert plastic tubing or sheeting; used to line vessels, insulate, protect or lubricate apparatus; also as filter, coating for surgical implants or as prosthetic material. Synonyms: Fluoroflex; Fluoroplast; Ftoroplast; Halon; Polyfene; PTFE; Tetron.
Surgical fixation of the stomach to the abdominal wall.
An infant during the first month after birth.
Pathological developments in the CECUM.
A technique of closing incisions and wounds, or of joining and connecting tissues, in which staples are used as sutures.
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.
Surgery performed on the digestive system or its parts.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE of the anterior compartment of the THIGH that has its origins on the anterior aspect of the iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine, and its insertion point on the iliotibial tract. It plays a role in medial rotation of the THIGH, steadying the trunk, and in KNEE extension.
The musculofibrous partition that separates the THORACIC CAVITY from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding INHALATION.
General or unspecified injuries involving organs in the abdominal cavity.
A worm-like blind tube extension from the CECUM.
A broad fold of peritoneum that extends from the side of the uterus to the wall of the pelvis.
Application of a life support system that circulates the blood through an oxygenating system, which may consist of a pump, a membrane oxygenator, and a heat exchanger. Examples of its use are to assist victims of smoke inhalation injury, respiratory failure, and cardiac failure.
Functional competence of specific organs or body systems of the FETUS in utero.
Surgery which could be postponed or not done at all without danger to the patient. Elective surgery includes procedures to correct non-life-threatening medical problems as well as to alleviate conditions causing psychological stress or other potential risk to patients, e.g., cosmetic or contraceptive surgery.
The area covering the terminal portion of ESOPHAGUS and the beginning of STOMACH at the cardiac orifice.
That portion of the body that lies between the THORAX and the PELVIS.
A membrane of squamous EPITHELIAL CELLS, the mesothelial cells, covered by apical MICROVILLI that allow rapid absorption of fluid and particles in the PERITONEAL CAVITY. The peritoneum is divided into parietal and visceral components. The parietal peritoneum covers the inside of the ABDOMINAL WALL. The visceral peritoneum covers the intraperitoneal organs. The double-layered peritoneum forms the MESENTERY that suspends these organs from the abdominal wall.
INFLAMMATION, acute or chronic, of the ESOPHAGUS caused by BACTERIA, chemicals, or TRAUMA.
The visualization of tissues during pregnancy through recording of the echoes of ultrasonic waves directed into the body. The procedure may be applied with reference to the mother or the fetus and with reference to organs or the detection of maternal or fetal disease.
Acute inflammation of the APPENDIX. Acute appendicitis is classified as simple, gangrenous, or perforated.
Creation of an artificial external opening or fistula in the intestines.
Methods to repair breaks in abdominal tissues caused by trauma or to close surgical incisions during abdominal surgery.
Deliberate introduction of air into the peritoneal cavity.
INFLAMMATION of the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by the reflux of GASTRIC JUICE with contents of the STOMACH and DUODENUM.
Surgical creation of an external opening into the ILEUM for fecal diversion or drainage. This replacement for the RECTUM is usually created in patients with severe INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES. Loop (continent) or tube (incontinent) procedures are most often employed.
The muscular membranous segment between the PHARYNX and the STOMACH in the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.
'Abnormalities, Multiple' is a broad term referring to the presence of two or more structural or functional anomalies in an individual, which may be genetic or environmental in origin, and can affect various systems and organs of the body.
The age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of FERTILIZATION. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational age is often estimated as the time from the last day of the last MENSTRUATION which is about 2 weeks before OVULATION and fertilization.
Surgical incision into the chest wall.
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the digestive tract.
A double-layered fold of peritoneum that attaches the STOMACH to other organs in the ABDOMINAL CAVITY.
Measurement of the pressure or tension of liquids or gases with a manometer.
The course of learning of an individual or a group. It is a measure of performance plotted over time.
A board-certified specialty of VETERINARY MEDICINE, requiring at least four years of special education, training, and practice of veterinary surgery after graduation from veterinary school. In the written, oral, and practical examinations candidates may choose either large or small animal surgery. (From AVMA Directory, 43d ed, p278)
A polyester used for absorbable sutures & surgical mesh, especially in ophthalmic surgery. 2-Hydroxy-propanoic acid polymer with polymerized hydroxyacetic acid, which forms 3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-dione polymer with 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione copolymer of molecular weight about 80,000 daltons.
The body region lying between the genital area and the ANUS on the surface of the trunk, and to the shallow compartment lying deep to this area that is inferior to the PELVIC DIAPHRAGM. The surface area is between the VULVA and the anus in the female, and between the SCROTUM and the anus in the male.
A clinical syndrome with acute abdominal pain that is severe, localized, and rapid in onset. Acute abdomen may be caused by a variety of disorders, injuries, or diseases.
A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.
Procedures that avoid use of open, invasive surgery in favor of closed or local surgery. These generally involve use of laparoscopic devices and remote-control manipulation of instruments with indirect observation of the surgical field through an endoscope or similar device.
An autologous or commercial tissue adhesive containing FIBRINOGEN and THROMBIN. The commercial product is a two component system from human plasma that contains more than fibrinogen and thrombin. The first component contains highly concentrated fibrinogen, FACTOR VIII, fibronectin, and traces of other plasma proteins. The second component contains thrombin, calcium chloride, and antifibrinolytic agents such as APROTININ. Mixing of the two components promotes BLOOD CLOTTING and the formation and cross-linking of fibrin. The tissue adhesive is used for tissue sealing, HEMOSTASIS, and WOUND HEALING.
A developmental defect in which a TESTIS or both TESTES failed to descend from high in the ABDOMEN to the bottom of the SCROTUM. Testicular descent is essential to normal SPERMATOGENESIS which requires temperature lower than the BODY TEMPERATURE. Cryptorchidism can be subclassified by the location of the maldescended testis.
Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
Synthetic material used for the treatment of burns and other conditions involving large-scale loss of skin. It often consists of an outer (epidermal) layer of silicone and an inner (dermal) layer of collagen and chondroitin 6-sulfate. The dermal layer elicits new growth and vascular invasion and the outer layer is later removed and replaced by a graft.
X-ray visualization of the chest and organs of the thoracic cavity. It is not restricted to visualization of the lungs.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Changing an operative procedure from an endoscopic surgical procedure to an open approach during the INTRAOPERATIVE PERIOD.
The maximum stress a material subjected to a stretching load can withstand without tearing. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed, p2001)
Region of the back including the LUMBAR VERTEBRAE, SACRUM, and nearby structures.
The fold of peritoneum by which the COLON is attached to the posterior ABDOMINAL WALL.
Procedures of applying ENDOSCOPES for disease diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopy involves passing an optical instrument through a small incision in the skin i.e., percutaneous; or through a natural orifice and along natural body pathways such as the digestive tract; and/or through an incision in the wall of a tubular structure or organ, i.e. transluminal, to examine or perform surgery on the interior parts of the body.
The pit in the center of the ABDOMINAL WALL marking the point where the UMBILICAL CORD entered in the FETUS.
Protrusion of the rectal mucous membrane through the anus. There are various degrees: incomplete with no displacement of the anal sphincter muscle; complete with displacement of the anal sphincter muscle; complete with no displacement of the anal sphincter muscle but with herniation of the bowel; and internal complete with rectosigmoid or upper rectum intussusception into the lower rectum.
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the gastrointestinal tract.
Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.
Injuries caused by impact with a blunt object where there is no penetration of the skin.
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the fetus and amniotic cavity through abdominal or uterine entry.
Artificial substitutes for body parts, and materials inserted into tissue for functional, cosmetic, or therapeutic purposes. Prostheses can be functional, as in the case of artificial arms and legs, or cosmetic, as in the case of an artificial eye. Implants, all surgically inserted or grafted into the body, tend to be used therapeutically. IMPLANTS, EXPERIMENTAL is available for those used experimentally.
Remaining tissue from normal DERMIS tissue after the cells are removed.

Evidence-based management of groin hernia in primary care--a systematic review. (1/49)

BACKGROUND: National clinical guidelines on the surgical management of groin hernia have been published by the Royal College of Surgeons of England. There is also a need for guidance on the management of pre- and post-hernia repair patients in primary care, in areas such as diagnosis, referral and advice on recuperation. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to determine best practice in primary care aspects of managing groin hernia in adults, by examination of the evidence base. METHOD: A systematic review of the available evidence was carried out, searching the major electronic databases: Medline, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Assia, Helmis, Cinahl and Psyclit. Key search terms were hern$, inguinal, femoral, groin, truss$, with searches limited to human adult subjects and the English language. RESULTS: Robust research on groin hernia is concerned almost exclusively with the in-patient surgical management of patients undergoing primary elective hernia repair. The areas with which this review was concerned, principally diagnosis, referral and advice about return to work, are areas in which it is more difficult to conduct robustly designed studies. Perhaps because of this, the evidence base on the non-surgical aspects of management is of poor methodological quality, being based primarily on expert opinion, reviews of clinical practice and experience, surveys, descriptive case studies and clinical audits. CONCLUSIONS: As the research in this area is generally of poor quality, strong conclusions are precluded, but it is possible to define best practice in some areas of care. In relation to diagnosis, GPs should distinguish correctly between a femoral and inguinal hernia because of the increased risks of strangulation and incarceration associated with the former. Due to clinical inaccuracy, the identification of whether a hernia is direct or indirect is not a good basis on which to base decision making regarding referral for elective repair. The risks associated with surgical repair are those of the normal range found for any procedure. Decisions about the fitness of patients for surgery in this instance are not procedure specific, and therefore the decisions about elective repair especially in older patients should be considered in terms of quality of life and patient choice rather than increased risks with surgical repair. Further research is required to address the gap in the evidence for the management of groin hernia within the primary care sector.  (+info)

Groin hernia surgery: a systematic review. (2/49)

BACKGROUND: An extensive volume of clinical research has been undertaken on the use of surgery for groin hernias. For many years there has been a large number of different methods of repairing hernias and, with the introduction of laparoscopic surgery, this has increased further. It is uncertain which method is the best in terms of safety and effectiveness. OBJECTIVES: This review was undertaken to compare the outcomes following different surgical procedures to treat groin hernias in adults. It sought answers to six questions: 1)Which method of surgery (including open procedures and laparoscopic surgery) is the safest and most effective for inguinal hernia repair? 2) Is local anaesthesia a safe and effective alternative to general anaesthesia? 3) Is there a difference in outcome between specialist and non-specialist surgeons? 4) Is day-case as safe and effective as inpatient surgery? 5) Is synchronous bilateral hernia repair as safe and effective as delayed repair? 6) Which method of surgery is the safest and most effective for femoral hernia repair? METHODS: The primary measure of effectiveness used was the proportion of hernia repairs in which there was a recurrence. Secondary outcome measures included complications, post-operative pain, wound infection, time to return to normal activities and/or return to work. A systematic search of the literature (up to February 1996) was undertaken using a variety of approaches. the methodological quality of all prospective comparative studies (45 randomised trials and 26 non-randomised trials/prospective cohort studies) was assessed using a standard checklist. RESULTS: Some of the variation in findings from different studies is likely to be due to methodological differences rather than differences in the effectiveness of the surgical procedures. The main methodological shortcomings of the studies that have been performed are: lack of agreed method for assessing severity of hernias; failure to take confounding into account in non-randomised studies; variation in length of follow-up; poor external validity; lack of objective measures of outcome; and inadequate statistical power. These problems severely limit the conclusions that can be drawn from the literature.  (+info)

The use of Mersilene mesh in repair of abdominal wall hernias: a clinical and experimental study. (3/49)

Use of synthetic materials in herniplasty has been a controversial issue. In order to determine the influence of Mersilene mesh on the strength of healing abdominal wounds and its effectiveness in repair of hernia, experimental and clinical studies were undertaken. Experimental study included 175 male rats divided into three groups subjected to either: 1) an incision made only through the skin and closed with 3-0 silk sutures; 2) a 2.5 cm midline incision through the musculature and peritoneum closed with 2-0 Mersilene suture; or 3) the same procedure as group 2 with the addition of a Mersilene mesh onlay graft. Bursting strength of abdominal wounds as determined in all groups at intervals. Wounds of the group treated with the mesh exhibited significantly greater (P less than 0.01) bursting strength. Clinical trial consisted of 100 consecutive adult patients in which an onlay graft of Mersilene mesh was used in the hernioplasty. Mesh was used as an adjunct in patients with: 1) large ventral hernias; 2) direct hernias resulting from severely attenuated transversialis fascia; 3) indirect hernias associated with a large internal ring and a weak posterior inguinal wall; or 4) combined direct and indirect hernias. All were followed for a minimum of one year to determine the incidence of complication and rate of recurrence. This study suggests that: 1) Mersilene mesh increases the strength of healing abdominal wounds in rats; and 2) repair of large hernias with Mersilene mesh results in an acceptable morbidity and a lowered rate of recurrence.  (+info)

Local or general anesthesia for open hernia repair: a randomized trial. (4/49)

OBJECTIVE: To compare patient outcome following repair of a primary groin hernia under local (LA) or general anesthesia (GA) in a randomized clinical trial. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: LA hernia repair is thought to be safer for patients, causes less postoperative pain, cost less, and is associated with a more rapid recovery when compared with the same operation performed under GA. METHODS: All patients presenting to three surgeons during the study period with a primary groin hernia were considered eligible. Outcome parameters measured including tests of vigilance, divided attention, sustained attention, memory, cognitive function, pain, return to normal activity, and costs. RESULTS: Two hundred seventy-nine patients were randomized to LA or GA hernia repair; 276 of these had an operation, with 138 participants in each group. At 6, 24, and 72 hours postoperatively there were no differences in vigilance or divided attention between the groups. Similarly, memory, sustained attention, and cognitive function were not impaired in either group. Although physical activity was significantly impaired at 24 hours, this and return to usual social activities were similar in both groups. While patients in the LA group had significantly less pain on moving, at 6 hours they were less likely to recommend the same operation to someone else. GA hernia repair cost 4% more than the same operation under LA. CONCLUSIONS: There are no major differences in patient recovery after LA or GA hernia repair. Patients should be offered a choice of anesthesia, LA or GA, for repair of their groin hernia.  (+info)

A technique for hernia repair. (5/49)

After Ryan reported a low recurrence rate in a large series of patients with recurrent inguinal and femoral hernia who were operated upon by a technique developed by Shouldice and later improved, an adaptation of the method was used in a number of difficult cases. In the dissection technique, the transversalis fascia is completely transected from the internal ring to the pubic spine. This exposes a fascial layer which has never before been described as being intentionally used in hernia repair. The method of imbrication with steel wire for suturing also differs from the methods most often used. Use of local anesthesia is another important part of the technique as a whole.  (+info)

LOCAL ANESTHESIA FOR HERNIOPLASTY. IMMEDIATE AMBULATION AND RETURN TO WORK: A PRELIMINARY REPORT. (6/49)

In 50 cases in which hernioplasty was carried out with atraumatic technique under local anesthesia, the patients walked away from the operating table, then through the corridors, without assistance. They usually drove home the next day and returned to their regular occupations immediately. Few had pain necessitating more than mild analgesia. In a period of follow-up ranging from six months to three years at the time of this report, two patients had recurrence.  (+info)

Management of groin hernias in patients with ascites. (7/49)

The records of 18 cirrhotic patients with ascites and groin hernias (20 inguinal and one femoral) were retrospectively reviewed. Eleven patients underwent repair of their groin hernias (total of 13 repairs). Ten herniorrhaphies were performed electively, two were performed urgently because of recent difficult reduction, and one was performed emergently for incarceration without strangulation. No major and four minor postoperative complications occurred. There were no perioperative deaths or ascites leaks. Of the 13 hernias in 11 patients undergoing repair, 12 (92%) were available for follow-up. In this group, the 12 groin hernia repairs were followed for a mean of 25 months. One recurrence (8%) occurred 11 months after repair. In this same group of patients, five umbilical hernias were repaired, with three recurrences (60%). From this retrospective study, it appears that serious complications from groin hernias in cirrhotics are not common, and elective repair can usually await control of ascites. Additionally, for appropriately selected patients with ascites, elective inguinal hernia repair can be performed safely, with an acceptable rate of recurrence.  (+info)

The diagnosis of femoral hernia. (8/49)

The accuracy of diagnosis of femoral hernia in referrals to a district general hospital over a period of 5 years has been studied and related to clinical outcome. A correct diagnosis was made in only 36 of 98 cases (60 urgent, 38 routine) before admission to hospital. A correct pre-operative diagnosis was ultimately made in 85 cases. Four patients, all urgent admissions with incarcerated bowel, died within 30 days of operation. In none of these cases was a correct diagnosis made before admission to hospital. The median length of post-operative stay of urgent admissions was 7 days (range 4-50) when a correct initial diagnosis was made and 10 days (range 4-50) when the initial diagnosis was incorrect (P = 0.07, Mann-Whitney test). When strangulated small bowel was found at operation, 70% of those with an incorrect initial diagnosis (n = 23) required resection, as compared with 20% of those with a correct initial diagnosis (n = 10, P = 0.014, chi 2 with Yates' correction). Femoral hernias are frequently incorrectly diagnosed before hospital admission and this is associated with worsened outcome in urgent cases.  (+info)

Inguinal hernia, also known as an inguinal rupture or groin hernia, is a protrusion of abdominal-cavity contents through the inguinal canal. The inguinal canal is a passage in the lower abdominal wall that carries the spermatic cord in males and a round ligament in females. Inguinal hernias are more common in men than women.

There are two types of inguinal hernias: direct and indirect. Direct inguinal hernias occur when the abdominal lining and/or fat push through a weakened area in the lower abdominal wall, while indirect inguinal hernias result from a congenital condition where the abdominal lining and/or fat protrude through the internal inguinal ring, a normal opening in the abdominal wall.

Inguinal hernias can cause discomfort or pain, especially during physical activities, coughing, sneezing, or straining. In some cases, incarceration or strangulation of the hernia may occur, leading to serious complications such as bowel obstruction or tissue necrosis, which require immediate medical attention.

Surgical repair is the standard treatment for inguinal hernias, and it can be performed through open or laparoscopic techniques. The goal of surgery is to return the protruding tissues to their proper position and strengthen the weakened abdominal wall with sutures or mesh reinforcement.

A hernia is a protrusion of an organ or tissue through a weakened area in the abdominal wall, often appearing as a bulge beneath the skin. This condition can occur in various parts of the body such as the groin (inguinal hernia), navel (umbilical hernia), or site of a previous surgical incision (incisional hernia). Hernias may cause discomfort or pain, especially when straining, lifting heavy objects, or during bowel movements. In some cases, they may lead to serious complications like intestinal obstruction or strangulation, requiring immediate medical attention.

A diaphragmatic hernia is a type of hernia that occurs when the abdominal organs (such as the stomach, intestines, or liver) protrude through an opening in the diaphragm, the thin muscle that separates the chest and abdominal cavities. This condition can be present at birth (congenital) or acquired due to injury or surgery.

There are two main types of diaphragmatic hernias:

1. Bochdalek hernia: This is a congenital defect that occurs when the posterior portion of the diaphragm fails to close properly during fetal development, creating an opening through which abdominal organs can move into the chest cavity. It is more common on the left side and can lead to pulmonary hypoplasia (underdevelopment of the lungs) and other complications if not detected and treated early.
2. Morgagni hernia: This is a less common type of congenital diaphragmatic hernia that occurs when there is an opening in the anterior portion of the diaphragm, allowing abdominal organs to move into the chest cavity near the sternum. It tends to be asymptomatic and may not be discovered until adulthood.

Acquired diaphragmatic hernias can result from trauma, such as a car accident or penetrating injury, which causes a tear in the diaphragm. In some cases, surgical procedures involving the abdomen or chest can also lead to a diaphragmatic hernia.

Symptoms of a diaphragmatic hernia may include difficulty breathing, chest pain, vomiting, and bowel obstruction. Treatment typically involves surgery to repair the defect in the diaphragm and return the abdominal organs to their proper position.

A ventral hernia is a type of hernia that occurs in the abdominal wall, specifically in the anterior (front) aspect. It can occur due to a weakness or defect in the abdominal wall muscles and fascia, which allows the internal organs or tissues to push through and create a bulge or swelling.

Ventral hernias can be classified into several types based on their location, size, and cause. Some of the common types include:

1. Incisional Hernia - occurs at the site of a previous surgical incision, where the abdominal wall has not healed properly or has become weakened over time.
2. Epigastric Hernia - located in the upper middle part of the abdomen, between the breastbone and the navel.
3. Umbilical Hernia - occurs around the belly button, most commonly seen in infants but can also affect adults.
4. Spigelian Hernia - a rare type of hernia that occurs lateral to the rectus sheath, usually at the level of the semilunar line.
5. Diastasis Recti - a separation of the abdominal muscles in the midline, which can lead to a ventral hernia if not treated.

Symptoms of a ventral hernia may include pain or discomfort, especially when lifting heavy objects, straining, coughing, or during physical activity. In some cases, a hernia may become incarcerated or strangulated, which requires immediate medical attention. Treatment options for ventral hernias typically involve surgical repair, either through open surgery or laparoscopic techniques.

An abdominal hernia refers to the protrusion of an organ or tissue through a weakened area in the abdominal wall, resulting in a bulge. This condition can occur due to various factors such as congenital defects, aging, obesity, pregnancy, persistent coughing, or previous surgeries that have left behind weak spots in the abdominal wall.

There are several types of abdominal hernias, including:

1. Inguinal Hernia: This is the most common type of hernia, occurring when the intestine or bladder protrudes through the inguinal canal in the lower abdomen. Inguinal hernias are more prevalent in men than women.
2. Femoral Hernia: This type of hernia occurs when the intestine or fatty tissue pushes through a weakened area near the femoral artery, located in the upper thigh region. Femoral hernias are more common in women, especially those who are pregnant or obese.
3. Incisional Hernia: This type of hernia develops at the site of a previous abdominal surgery where the abdominal muscles have weakened or failed to heal properly.
4. Umbilical Hernia: An umbilical hernia occurs when the intestine protrudes through the abdominal wall near the navel, often visible as a bulge around the belly button. This type of hernia is more common in infants but can also affect adults, particularly those who are overweight or have had multiple pregnancies.
5. Epigastric Hernia: An epigastric hernia occurs when fatty tissue protrudes through a weakened area between the breastbone and the navel. These hernias are usually small and often painless but can cause discomfort or complications if they become incarcerated or strangulated.

Abdominal hernias can vary in size, from small and barely noticeable to large and severely painful. Symptoms may include a visible bulge, localized pain or discomfort, especially when lifting heavy objects, coughing, or straining during bowel movements. In some cases, hernias may become incarcerated (trapped) or strangulated (blood supply is cut off), which can lead to severe pain, nausea, vomiting, and require immediate medical attention.

Treatment for abdominal hernias typically involves surgical repair, either through open surgery or laparoscopic techniques. The choice of procedure depends on various factors, including the size and location of the hernia, the patient's overall health, and their personal preferences. In some cases, watchful waiting may be recommended for small, asymptomatic hernias, but it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the best course of action.

A hiatal hernia is a type of hernia that occurs when a part of the stomach protrudes or squeezes through an opening (hiatus) in the diaphragm, the muscular partition between the chest and abdominal cavities. Normally, the esophagus passes through this opening to connect to the stomach, but in a hiatal hernia, a portion of the stomach also moves up into the chest cavity through the hiatus.

There are two main types of hiatal hernias: sliding and paraesophageal. In a sliding hiatal hernia, the junction between the esophagus and stomach (gastroesophageal junction) slides upward into the chest cavity, which is the most common type. Paraesophageal hiatal hernias are less common but can be more severe, as they involve the stomach herniating alongside the esophagus, potentially leading to complications like obstruction or strangulation of the blood supply to the stomach.

Many people with hiatal hernias do not experience symptoms, but some may have heartburn, acid reflux, regurgitation, difficulty swallowing, chest pain, or shortness of breath. Treatment depends on the severity and associated symptoms, ranging from lifestyle modifications and medications to surgical repair in severe cases.

A femoral hernia is a type of hernia that occurs when a portion of the abdominal wall tissue or intestine protrudes through a weakened area in the lower part of the abdominal wall, specifically at the opening of the femoral canal. This canal is located near the groin region and contains blood vessels that pass from the abdomen to the leg.

Femoral hernias are more common in women than men, particularly those who are pregnant, obese, or have a history of multiple pregnancies. Symptoms may include a visible bulge in the inner thigh or groin area, especially when standing, coughing, or straining. Pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen or groin region, particularly during physical activities, is also common.

While some femoral hernias may not cause any symptoms and can be left untreated, they have a higher risk of becoming incarcerated or strangulated compared to other types of hernias. Incarceration occurs when the protruding tissue becomes trapped and cannot be pushed back in, while strangulation happens when the blood supply to the trapped tissue is cut off, leading to tissue death if not treated promptly with surgery.

An umbilical hernia is a type of hernia that occurs at the umbilicus, or belly button. It results from a protrusion of abdominal contents through a weakened area in the abdominal wall surrounding the navel. This condition is common in newborns and infants, especially premature babies, due to incomplete closure of the abdominal muscles during development.

In most cases, umbilical hernias in children close on their own by age 3-4 or by the time they reach school age. However, if the hernia is still present after this age, surgical intervention may be required to prevent potential complications such as incarceration (where the herniated tissue becomes trapped and cannot be pushed back in) or strangulation (where the blood supply to the herniated tissue is cut off, leading to tissue death).

Adults can also develop umbilical hernias, often as a result of increased pressure in the abdomen due to obesity, pregnancy, heavy lifting, or persistent coughing. Umbilical hernias in adults are generally more likely to require surgical repair due to the higher risk of complications.

Herniorrhaphy is a surgical procedure where the herniated tissue or organ is placed back into its original position, and the weakened or damaged muscle wall is repaired. This is typically done to correct a hernia, which is a protrusion of an organ or tissue through a weakened area in the abdominal wall. The surgical incision may be closed with sutures or staples, and sometimes a mesh patch is used to reinforce the repair.

Surgical mesh is a medical device that is used in various surgical procedures, particularly in reconstructive surgery, to provide additional support to weakened or damaged tissues. It is typically made from synthetic materials such as polypropylene or polyester, or from biological materials such as animal tissue or human cadaveric tissue.

The mesh is designed to be implanted into the body, where it can help to reinforce and repair damaged tissues. For example, it may be used in hernia repairs to support the weakened abdominal wall, or in pelvic floor reconstruction surgery to treat conditions such as pelvic organ prolapse or stress urinary incontinence.

Surgical mesh can come in different forms, including sheets, plugs, and patches, and may be either absorbable or non-absorbable. The choice of mesh material and type will depend on the specific surgical indication and the patient's individual needs. It is important for patients to discuss the risks and benefits of surgical mesh with their healthcare provider before undergoing any surgical procedure that involves its use.

A diaphragmatic hernia is a condition in which there is abnormal displacement or protrusion of abdominal organs into the thoracic cavity through an opening or defect in the diaphragm. In traumatic diaphragmatic hernia, this disruption of the diaphragm is caused by trauma, such as a penetrating injury or blunt force trauma from a car accident or fall. The resulting herniation can lead to various complications, including difficulty breathing, digestive problems, and even organ dysfunction. Immediate medical attention is necessary for proper diagnosis and treatment of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia.

A obturator hernia is a type of pelvic hernia that occurs through the obturator foramen, which is an opening in the bony pelvis through which blood vessels and nerves pass. This type of hernia is relatively uncommon and primarily affects women, particularly those who are elderly, thin, or have had multiple pregnancies.

Obturator hernias occur when abdominal contents, such as fat or intestine, protrude through the obturator foramen and become trapped, leading to obstruction of the intestine or strangulation, which can cut off blood flow to the affected tissue. Symptoms may include pain in the thigh or groin, nausea, vomiting, and constipation.

Obturator hernias can be difficult to diagnose due to their nonspecific symptoms and rarity. Diagnosis is often made during surgery to repair the hernia. Treatment typically involves surgical repair of the hernia, which may be performed through an open incision or laparoscopically. Delayed diagnosis and treatment can lead to serious complications, such as bowel necrosis or perforation, so prompt medical attention is necessary if obturator hernia is suspected.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Polypropylenes" does not have a medical definition as it is not a medical term. Polypropylene is a type of plastic that is used in various medical and non-medical applications. It is a thermoplastic polymer resin that is produced by the polymerization of propylene.

In the medical field, polypropylene is sometimes used to make single-use surgical instruments, sutures, and medical devices due to its resistance to heat, chemicals, and electricity. It is also biocompatible, meaning it can be safely used in the body without causing adverse reactions. However, "Polypropylenes" as a medical term is not recognized or used in the medical community.

Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure that involves the insertion of a laparoscope, which is a thin tube with a light and camera attached to it, through small incisions in the abdomen. This allows the surgeon to view the internal organs without making large incisions. It's commonly used to diagnose and treat various conditions such as endometriosis, ovarian cysts, infertility, and appendicitis. The advantages of laparoscopy over traditional open surgery include smaller incisions, less pain, shorter hospital stays, and quicker recovery times.

The abdominal wall refers to the group of muscles, fascia (sheaths of connective tissue), and skin that make up the front and sides of the abdomen, extending from the thorax (chest) to the pelvis. It provides protection to the abdominal organs, supports the trunk, and allows for movement of the torso.

The main muscles of the anterior abdominal wall include:

1. Rectus sheaths (Rectus Abdominis): paired vertical muscles running from the pubic symphysis to the xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7.
2. External obliques: thin, irregular muscles that lie over the lower part of the abdomen and run diagonally downward and forward from the lower ribs to the iliac crest (pelvic bone) and pubic tubercle.
3. Internal obliques: thicker muscles that lie under the external obliques, running diagonally upward and forward from the iliac crest to the lower ribs.
4. Transverse abdominis: deepest of the abdominal muscles, lying horizontally across the abdomen, attaching from the lower ribs to the pelvis.

These muscles are interconnected by various layers of fascia and aponeuroses (flat, broad tendons), forming a complex structure that allows for both stability and mobility. The linea alba, a fibrous band, runs down the midline of the anterior abdominal wall, connecting the rectus sheaths.

Damage to the abdominal wall can occur due to trauma, surgery, or various medical conditions, which may require surgical intervention for repair.

A fascia is a band or sheet of connective tissue, primarily collagen, that covers, connects, and separates muscles, organs, and other structures in the body. It provides support and stability, allows for smooth movement between structures, and has the ability to transmit forces throughout the body. Fascia is found throughout the body, and there are several layers of it, including superficial fascia, deep fascia, and visceral fascia. Injury, inflammation, or strain to the fascia can cause pain and restriction of movement.

Suture techniques refer to the various methods used by surgeons to sew or stitch together tissues in the body after an injury, trauma, or surgical incision. The main goal of suturing is to approximate and hold the edges of the wound together, allowing for proper healing and minimizing scar formation.

There are several types of suture techniques, including:

1. Simple Interrupted Suture: This is one of the most basic suture techniques where the needle is passed through the tissue at a right angle, creating a loop that is then tightened to approximate the wound edges. Multiple stitches are placed along the length of the incision or wound.
2. Continuous Locking Suture: In this technique, the needle is passed continuously through the tissue in a zigzag pattern, with each stitch locking into the previous one. This creates a continuous line of sutures that provides strong tension and support to the wound edges.
3. Running Suture: Similar to the continuous locking suture, this technique involves passing the needle continuously through the tissue in a straight line. However, instead of locking each stitch, the needle is simply passed through the previous loop before being tightened. This creates a smooth and uninterrupted line of sutures that can be easily removed after healing.
4. Horizontal Mattress Suture: In this technique, two parallel stitches are placed horizontally across the wound edges, creating a "mattress" effect that provides additional support and tension to the wound. This is particularly useful in deep or irregularly shaped wounds.
5. Vertical Mattress Suture: Similar to the horizontal mattress suture, this technique involves placing two parallel stitches vertically across the wound edges. This creates a more pronounced "mattress" effect that can help reduce tension and minimize scarring.
6. Subcuticular Suture: In this technique, the needle is passed just below the surface of the skin, creating a smooth and barely visible line of sutures. This is particularly useful in cosmetic surgery or areas where minimizing scarring is important.

The choice of suture technique depends on various factors such as the location and size of the wound, the type of tissue involved, and the patient's individual needs and preferences. Proper suture placement and tension are crucial for optimal healing and aesthetic outcomes.

In medical terms, sutures are specialized surgical threads made from various materials such as absorbable synthetic or natural fibers, or non-absorbable materials like nylon or silk. They are used to approximate and hold together the edges of a wound or incision in the skin or other tissues during the healing process. Sutures come in different sizes, types, and shapes, each designed for specific uses and techniques depending on the location and type of tissue being sutured. Properly placed sutures help to promote optimal healing, minimize scarring, and reduce the risk of infection or other complications.

Intestinal obstruction, also known as bowel obstruction, is a medical condition characterized by a blockage that prevents the normal flow of contents through the small intestine or large intestine (colon). This blockage can be caused by various factors such as tumors, adhesions (scar tissue), hernias, inflammation, or impacted feces.

The obstruction can be mechanical, where something physically blocks the intestinal lumen, or functional, where the normal muscular contractions of the bowel are impaired. Mechanical obstructions are more common than functional ones.

Symptoms of intestinal obstruction may include abdominal pain and cramping, nausea and vomiting, bloating, inability to pass gas or have a bowel movement, and abdominal distention. If left untreated, intestinal obstruction can lead to serious complications such as tissue death (necrosis), perforation of the intestine, and sepsis. Treatment typically involves hospitalization, intravenous fluids, nasogastric decompression, and possibly surgery to remove the obstruction.

A laparotomy is a surgical procedure that involves making an incision in the abdominal wall to gain access to the abdominal cavity. This procedure is typically performed to diagnose and treat various conditions such as abdominal trauma, tumors, infections, or inflammatory diseases. The size of the incision can vary depending on the reason for the surgery and the extent of the condition being treated. Once the procedure is complete, the incision is closed with sutures or staples.

The term "laparotomy" comes from the Greek words "lapara," which means "flank" or "side," and "tome," which means "to cut." Together, they describe the surgical procedure that involves cutting into the abdomen to examine its contents.

A surgical stoma, also known simply as a stoma, is a surgically created opening on the surface of the body that allows for the passage of bodily waste. This procedure is typically performed when a person has a malfunctioning or diseased organ in the digestive or urinary system that cannot be effectively treated or repaired.

In a colostomy or ileostomy, which are common types of surgical stomas, a portion of the colon or small intestine is brought through an opening in the abdominal wall to create a new pathway for waste to exit the body. The stoma may be temporary or permanent, depending on the underlying condition and the success of any additional treatments.

After surgery, patients with a stoma will need to wear a pouching system to collect and contain the waste that is expelled through the stoma. This can take some getting used to, but with proper care and support, most people are able to adjust to life with a stoma and maintain a good quality of life.

In medical terms, the "groin" refers to the area where the lower abdomen meets the thigh. It is located on both sides of the body, in front of the upper part of each leg. The groin contains several important structures such as the inguinal canal, which contains blood vessels and nerves, and the femoral artery and vein, which supply blood to and from the lower extremities. Issues in this region, such as pain or swelling, may indicate a variety of medical conditions, including muscle strains, hernias, or infections.

Postoperative complications refer to any unfavorable condition or event that occurs during the recovery period after a surgical procedure. These complications can vary in severity and may include, but are not limited to:

1. Infection: This can occur at the site of the incision or inside the body, such as pneumonia or urinary tract infection.
2. Bleeding: Excessive bleeding (hemorrhage) can lead to a drop in blood pressure and may require further surgical intervention.
3. Blood clots: These can form in the deep veins of the legs (deep vein thrombosis) and can potentially travel to the lungs (pulmonary embolism).
4. Wound dehiscence: This is when the surgical wound opens up, which can lead to infection and further complications.
5. Pulmonary issues: These include atelectasis (collapsed lung), pneumonia, or respiratory failure.
6. Cardiovascular problems: These include abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), heart attack, or stroke.
7. Renal failure: This can occur due to various reasons such as dehydration, blood loss, or the use of certain medications.
8. Pain management issues: Inadequate pain control can lead to increased stress, anxiety, and decreased mobility.
9. Nausea and vomiting: These can be caused by anesthesia, opioid pain medication, or other factors.
10. Delirium: This is a state of confusion and disorientation that can occur in the elderly or those with certain medical conditions.

Prompt identification and management of these complications are crucial to ensure the best possible outcome for the patient.

Recurrence, in a medical context, refers to the return of symptoms or signs of a disease after a period of improvement or remission. It indicates that the condition has not been fully eradicated and may require further treatment. Recurrence is often used to describe situations where a disease such as cancer comes back after initial treatment, but it can also apply to other medical conditions. The likelihood of recurrence varies depending on the type of disease and individual patient factors.

Local anesthesia is a type of anesthesia that numbs a specific area of the body, blocking pain signals from that particular region while allowing the person to remain conscious and alert. It is typically achieved through the injection or application of a local anesthetic drug, which works by temporarily inhibiting the function of nerve fibers carrying pain sensations. Common examples of local anesthetics include lidocaine, prilocaine, and bupivacaine.

Local anesthesia is commonly used for minor surgical procedures, dental work, or other medical interventions where only a small area needs to be numbed. It can also be employed as part of a combined anesthetic technique, such as in conjunction with sedation or regional anesthesia, to provide additional pain relief and increase patient comfort during more extensive surgeries.

The duration of local anesthesia varies depending on the type and dosage of the anesthetic agent used; some last for just a few hours, while others may provide numbness for up to several days. Overall, local anesthesia is considered a safe and effective method for managing pain during various medical procedures.

The rectus abdominis is a paired, flat, and long muscle in the anterior (front) wall of the abdomen. It runs from the pubic symphysis (the joint where the two pubic bones meet in the front of the pelvis) to the xiphoid process (the lower end of the sternum or breastbone) and costal cartilages of the fifth, sixth, and seventh ribs.

The rectus abdominis is responsible for flexing the lumbar spine (lower back), which helps in bending forward or sitting up from a lying down position. It also contributes to maintaining proper posture and stabilizing the pelvis and spine. The muscle's visibility, especially in its lower portion, is often associated with a "six-pack" appearance in well-trained individuals.

Ambulatory surgical procedures, also known as outpatient or same-day surgery, refer to medical operations that do not require an overnight hospital stay. These procedures are typically performed in a specialized ambulatory surgery center (ASC) or in a hospital-based outpatient department. Patients undergoing ambulatory surgical procedures receive anesthesia, undergo the operation, and recover enough to be discharged home on the same day of the procedure.

Examples of common ambulatory surgical procedures include:

1. Arthroscopy (joint scope examination and repair)
2. Cataract surgery
3. Colonoscopy and upper endoscopy
4. Dental surgery, such as wisdom tooth extraction
5. Gallbladder removal (cholecystectomy)
6. Hernia repair
7. Hysteroscopy (examination of the uterus)
8. Minor skin procedures, like biopsies and lesion removals
9. Orthopedic procedures, such as carpal tunnel release or joint injections
10. Pain management procedures, including epidural steroid injections and nerve blocks
11. Podiatric (foot and ankle) surgery
12. Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

Advancements in medical technology, minimally invasive surgical techniques, and improved anesthesia methods have contributed to the growth of ambulatory surgical procedures, offering patients a more convenient and cost-effective alternative to traditional inpatient surgeries.

Postoperative pain is defined as the pain or discomfort experienced by patients following a surgical procedure. It can vary in intensity and duration depending on the type of surgery performed, individual pain tolerance, and other factors. The pain may be caused by tissue trauma, inflammation, or nerve damage resulting from the surgical intervention. Proper assessment and management of postoperative pain is essential to promote recovery, prevent complications, and improve patient satisfaction.

The round ligament is a cord-like structure in the female pelvis that extends from the uterus to the labia majora. It is one of the major ligaments that support the uterus and helps to maintain its position within the pelvis. The round ligament is composed of fibrous tissue and smooth muscle, and it plays a role in maintaining the tone and shape of the uterus.

During pregnancy, the round ligament can become stretched and thickened as the uterus grows and expands. This can sometimes cause discomfort or pain, particularly on one side of the pelvis. In some cases, the round ligament may also contribute to the development of certain gynecological conditions, such as uterine prolapse or urinary incontinence.

It is important for healthcare providers to consider the round ligament when evaluating and treating female reproductive health issues, as it can have a significant impact on the function and positioning of the uterus and other pelvic organs.

Operative surgical procedures refer to medical interventions that involve manual manipulation of tissues, structures, or organs in the body, typically performed in an operating room setting under sterile conditions. These procedures are carried out with the use of specialized instruments, such as scalpels, forceps, and scissors, and may require regional or general anesthesia to ensure patient comfort and safety.

Operative surgical procedures can range from relatively minor interventions, such as a biopsy or the removal of a small lesion, to more complex and extensive surgeries, such as open heart surgery or total joint replacement. The specific goals of operative surgical procedures may include the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions, the repair or reconstruction of damaged tissues or organs, or the prevention of further disease progression.

Regardless of the type or complexity of the procedure, all operative surgical procedures require careful planning, execution, and postoperative management to ensure the best possible outcomes for patients.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Phenyl Ethers" is not a recognized medical term. Phenyl ethers are a class of organic compounds consisting of an ether with a phenyl group as one of the components. They are widely used in industry and research, including as solvents, intermediates in chemical synthesis, and pharmaceuticals.

However, if you have any concerns about exposure to certain chemicals or their effects on health, it would be best to consult with a medical professional who can provide advice based on your specific situation and symptoms.

Treatment outcome is a term used to describe the result or effect of medical treatment on a patient's health status. It can be measured in various ways, such as through symptoms improvement, disease remission, reduced disability, improved quality of life, or survival rates. The treatment outcome helps healthcare providers evaluate the effectiveness of a particular treatment plan and make informed decisions about future care. It is also used in clinical research to compare the efficacy of different treatments and improve patient care.

Fundoplication is a surgical procedure in which the upper part of the stomach (the fundus) is wrapped around the lower esophagus and then stitched into place. This procedure strengthens the lower esophageal sphincter, which helps prevent acid reflux from the stomach into the esophagus. It is commonly used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and paraesophageal hernias.

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is the retrograde movement of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can cause discomfort and symptoms. It occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (a ring of muscle between the esophagus and stomach) relaxes inappropriately, allowing the acidic or non-acidic gastric contents to flow back into the esophagus.

Gastroesophageal reflux becomes gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) when it is more severe, persistent, and/or results in complications such as esophagitis, strictures, or Barrett's esophagus. Common symptoms of GERD include heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, difficulty swallowing, and chronic cough or hoarseness.

Surgical wound dehiscence is a medical condition that refers to the partial or complete separation of layers of a surgical incision after a surgical procedure, leading to the disruption of the wound closure. This can occur due to various factors such as infection, poor nutrition, increased tension on the sutures, hematoma or seroma formation, and patient's underlying health conditions like diabetes or immunodeficiency. Dehiscence may result in the exposure of internal tissues and organs, potentially causing severe complications such as infection, bleeding, or organ dysfunction. Immediate medical attention is required to manage this condition and prevent further complications.

A testicular hydrocele is a type of fluid-filled sac that forms around the testicle (testis), typically in the scrotum. This sac, known as the tunica vaginalis, normally contains a small amount of fluid that helps to lubricate and protect the testicle. However, when an excessive amount of fluid accumulates in this sac, it results in the formation of a hydrocele.

Testicular hydroceles can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired later in life due to various reasons such as injury, inflammation, or infection in the scrotal area. They are usually painless but may cause discomfort or a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum, especially when they become large. In some cases, hydroceles may resolve on their own without treatment, while others may require surgical intervention to drain the fluid and repair the underlying issue.

It is essential to differentiate between hydroceles and other conditions with similar symptoms, such as hernias or tumors, which may require more urgent medical attention. A healthcare professional can perform a physical examination and possibly recommend further testing, like an ultrasound, to confirm the diagnosis of a testicular hydrocele.

A laparoscope is a type of medical instrument called an endoscope, which is used to examine the interior of a body cavity or organ. Specifically, a laparoscope is a long, thin tube with a high-intensity light and a high-resolution camera attached to it. This device allows surgeons to view the abdominal cavity through small incisions, without having to make large, invasive cuts.

During a laparoscopic procedure, the surgeon will insert the laparoscope through a small incision in the abdomen, typically near the navel. The camera sends images back to a monitor, giving the surgeon a clear view of the organs and tissues inside the body. This allows for more precise and less invasive surgical procedures, often resulting in faster recovery times and fewer complications compared to traditional open surgery.

Laparoscopes are commonly used in a variety of surgical procedures, including:

1. Gynecological surgeries (e.g., hysterectomies, ovarian cyst removals)
2. Gallbladder removal (cholecystectomy)
3. Gastrointestinal surgeries (e.g., removing benign or malignant tumors)
4. Hernia repairs
5. Bariatric surgeries for weight loss (e.g., gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy)

While laparoscopes provide numerous benefits over open surgery, they still require specialized training and expertise to use effectively and safely.

Fetal diseases are medical conditions or abnormalities that affect a fetus during pregnancy. These diseases can be caused by genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both. They can range from mild to severe and may impact various organ systems in the developing fetus. Examples of fetal diseases include congenital heart defects, neural tube defects, chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome, and infectious diseases such as toxoplasmosis or rubella. Fetal diseases can be diagnosed through prenatal testing, including ultrasound, amniocentesis, and chorionic villus sampling. Treatment options may include medication, surgery, or delivery of the fetus, depending on the nature and severity of the disease.

Retrospective studies, also known as retrospective research or looking back studies, are a type of observational study that examines data from the past to draw conclusions about possible causal relationships between risk factors and outcomes. In these studies, researchers analyze existing records, medical charts, or previously collected data to test a hypothesis or answer a specific research question.

Retrospective studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying trends, but they have limitations compared to prospective studies, which follow participants forward in time from exposure to outcome. Retrospective studies are subject to biases such as recall bias, selection bias, and information bias, which can affect the validity of the results. Therefore, retrospective studies should be interpreted with caution and used primarily to generate hypotheses for further testing in prospective studies.

A colostomy is a surgical procedure that involves creating an opening, or stoma, through the abdominal wall to divert the flow of feces from the colon (large intestine) through this opening and into a pouch or bag worn outside the body. This procedure is typically performed when a portion of the colon has been removed due to disease or injury, such as cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or trauma.

There are several types of colostomies, including end colostomy, loop colostomy, and double-barrel colostomy, which differ in terms of the location and configuration of the stoma. The type of colostomy performed will depend on the individual's medical condition and the specific goals of the surgery.

After a colostomy, patients will need to learn how to care for their stoma and manage their bowel movements using specialized equipment and techniques. With proper care and management, most people are able to lead active and fulfilling lives after a colostomy.

Tissue adhesions, also known as scar tissue adhesions, are abnormal bands of fibrous tissue that form between two or more internal organs, or between organs and the walls of the chest or abdominal cavity. These adhesions can develop after surgery, infection, injury, radiation, or prolonged inflammation. The fibrous bands can cause pain, restrict movement of the organs, and potentially lead to complications such as bowel obstruction. Treatment options for tissue adhesions may include medication, physical therapy, or surgical intervention to remove the adhesions.

The inguinal canal is a narrow passage in the lower abdominal wall. In males, it allows for the spermatic cord and blood vessels to travel from the abdomen to the scrotum. In females, it provides a pathway for the round ligament of the uterus to pass through. The inguinal canal is located in the groin region, and an inguinal hernia occurs when a portion of the intestine protrudes through this canal.

"Length of Stay" (LOS) is a term commonly used in healthcare to refer to the amount of time a patient spends receiving care in a hospital, clinic, or other healthcare facility. It is typically measured in hours, days, or weeks and can be used as a metric for various purposes such as resource planning, quality assessment, and reimbursement. The length of stay can vary depending on the type of illness or injury, the severity of the condition, the patient's response to treatment, and other factors. It is an important consideration in healthcare management and can have significant implications for both patients and providers.

Follow-up studies are a type of longitudinal research that involve repeated observations or measurements of the same variables over a period of time, in order to understand their long-term effects or outcomes. In medical context, follow-up studies are often used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of medical treatments, interventions, or procedures.

In a typical follow-up study, a group of individuals (called a cohort) who have received a particular treatment or intervention are identified and then followed over time through periodic assessments or data collection. The data collected may include information on clinical outcomes, adverse events, changes in symptoms or functional status, and other relevant measures.

The results of follow-up studies can provide important insights into the long-term benefits and risks of medical interventions, as well as help to identify factors that may influence treatment effectiveness or patient outcomes. However, it is important to note that follow-up studies can be subject to various biases and limitations, such as loss to follow-up, recall bias, and changes in clinical practice over time, which must be carefully considered when interpreting the results.

A reoperation is a surgical procedure that is performed again on a patient who has already undergone a previous operation for the same or related condition. Reoperations may be required due to various reasons, such as inadequate initial treatment, disease recurrence, infection, or complications from the first surgery. The nature and complexity of a reoperation can vary widely depending on the specific circumstances, but it often carries higher risks and potential complications compared to the original operation.

An appendectomy is a surgical procedure in which the vermiform appendix is removed. This procedure is performed when a patient has appendicitis, which is an inflammation of the appendix that can lead to serious complications such as peritonitis or sepsis if not treated promptly. The surgery can be done as an open procedure, in which a single incision is made in the lower right abdomen, or as a laparoscopic procedure, in which several small incisions are made and specialized instruments are used to remove the appendix. In some cases, if the appendix has burst, a more extensive surgery may be required to clean out the abdominal cavity.

Diaphragmatic eventration is a medical condition where the diaphragm, the thin muscle that separates the chest and abdominal cavities and helps with breathing, is abnormally thin and weak. This can cause the diaphragm to move upwards into the chest cavity, which can lead to difficulty breathing and other respiratory symptoms.

In eventration, the affected portion of the diaphragm is usually elevated and may have a transparent or bluish appearance due to the lack of muscle tissue. This condition can be present at birth (congenital) or acquired later in life due to injury or illness.

Mild cases of diaphragmatic eventration may not cause any symptoms and may not require treatment. However, more severe cases may require surgery to repair the damaged diaphragm and improve respiratory function.

Orchiopexy is a surgical procedure in which the testicle (or testicles) that have descended into the scrotum incompletely or not at all (undescended or retractile testes) are fixed into their normal position within the scrotum. This procedure is typically performed on boys, often between the ages of 6 and 12 months, to correct cryptorchidism, a condition where one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum.

The main goals of orchiopexy are to:

1. Place the testicle in its proper anatomical location within the scrotum.
2. Fix the testicle in a stable position to prevent retractile testes from moving back into the inguinal canal.
3. Preserve the testicular blood supply and innervation, ensuring normal testicular function and development.
4. Lower the risk of testicular torsion (twisting of the spermatic cord) and malignancy in later life.

Orchiopexy can be performed through an open or laparoscopic approach, depending on the location of the undescended testicle(s). The choice of surgical technique depends on factors such as the patient's age, associated conditions, and surgeon's preference.

The spermatic cord is a fibrous structure that contains the vas deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics, which provide passage for these structures between the abdomen and the scrotum in males. It is covered by several layers of protective sheaths, including the internal spermatic fascia, cremasteric fascia, and external spermatic fascia. The spermatic cord allows the testicles to be located outside the body, which helps maintain a cooler temperature for optimal sperm production.

The scrotum is a part of the external male genitalia. It's a sac-like structure made up of several layers of skin and smooth muscle, which hangs down behind and beneath the penis. The primary function of the scrotum is to maintain the testicles at a temperature slightly lower than the core body temperature, which is optimal for sperm production.

The scrotum contains two compartments, each one housing a testicle. It's located in the pubic region and is usually visible externally. The skin of the scrotum is thin and wrinkled, which allows it to expand and contract depending on the temperature, accommodating the shrinking or swelling of the testicles.

Please note that while I strive to provide accurate information, this definition is intended to be a general overview and should not replace professional medical advice.

A surgical wound infection, also known as a surgical site infection (SSI), is defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as an infection that occurs within 30 days after surgery (or within one year if an implant is left in place) and involves either:

1. Purulent drainage from the incision;
2. Organisms isolated from an aseptically obtained culture of fluid or tissue from the incision;
3. At least one of the following signs or symptoms of infection: pain or tenderness, localized swelling, redness, or heat; and
4. Diagnosis of surgical site infection by the surgeon or attending physician.

SSIs can be classified as superficial incisional, deep incisional, or organ/space infections, depending on the depth and extent of tissue involvement. They are a common healthcare-associated infection and can lead to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs.

Peritoneal diseases refer to a group of conditions that affect the peritoneum, which is the thin, transparent membrane that lines the inner wall of the abdomen and covers the organs within it. The peritoneum has several functions, including providing protection and support to the abdominal organs, producing and absorbing fluids, and serving as a site for the immune system's response to infections and other foreign substances.

Peritoneal diseases can be broadly classified into two categories: infectious and non-infectious. Infectious peritoneal diseases are caused by bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections that spread to the peritoneum from other parts of the body or through contaminated food, water, or medical devices. Non-infectious peritoneal diseases, on the other hand, are not caused by infections but rather by other factors such as autoimmune disorders, cancer, or chemical irritants.

Some examples of peritoneal diseases include:

1. Peritonitis: Inflammation of the peritoneum due to bacterial or fungal infections, often caused by a ruptured appendix, perforated ulcer, or other abdominal injuries or conditions.
2. Tuberculous peritonitis: A form of peritonitis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB).
3. Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis: Infection of the peritoneum in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis, a type of kidney replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease.
4. Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma: A rare and aggressive form of cancer that affects the mesothelial cells lining the peritoneum, often caused by exposure to asbestos.
5. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): An autoimmune disorder that can cause inflammation and scarring of the peritoneum.
6. Peritoneal carcinomatosis: The spread of cancer cells from other parts of the body to the peritoneum, often seen in patients with advanced ovarian or colorectal cancer.
7. Cirrhotic ascites: Fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity due to liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
8. Meigs' syndrome: A rare condition characterized by the presence of a benign ovarian tumor, ascites, and pleural effusion.

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is not inherently a medical term, but it is a chemical compound with significant uses in the medical field. Medically, PTFE is often referred to by its brand name, Teflon. It is a synthetic fluoropolymer used in various medical applications due to its unique properties such as high resistance to heat, electrical and chemical interaction, and exceptional non-reactivity with body tissues.

PTFE can be found in medical devices like catheters, where it reduces friction, making insertion easier and minimizing trauma. It is also used in orthopedic and dental implants, drug delivery systems, and sutures due to its biocompatibility and non-adhesive nature.

Gastropexy is a surgical procedure in which the stomach is attached to another organ, usually the abdominal wall. This procedure is often performed as a preventative measure for gastric volvulus, a condition where the stomach twists on itself and cuts off its own blood supply. It is also done in animals, particularly dogs, to prevent gastric dilation volvulus (GDV), also known as bloat, which is a life-threatening emergency. In humans, gastropexy is sometimes performed as part of treatment for morbid obesity.

A newborn infant is a baby who is within the first 28 days of life. This period is also referred to as the neonatal period. Newborns require specialized care and attention due to their immature bodily systems and increased vulnerability to various health issues. They are closely monitored for signs of well-being, growth, and development during this critical time.

Cecal diseases refer to medical conditions that affect the cecum, which is a pouch-like structure located at the junction of the small and large intestines. The cecum plays an important role in digestion, particularly in the fermentation of certain types of food.

There are several different types of cecal diseases, including:

1. Cecal volvulus: This is a rare condition in which the cecum twists on itself, cutting off blood flow and causing severe pain and other symptoms.
2. Diverticulitis: This occurs when small pouches called diverticula form in the wall of the cecum and become inflamed or infected.
3. Appendicitis: Although not strictly a cecal disease, the appendix is a small tube-like structure that branches off from the cecum. Inflammation of the appendix (appendicitis) can cause severe pain in the lower right abdomen and may require surgical removal of the appendix.
4. Crohn's disease: This is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the digestive tract, including the cecum.
5. Tuberculosis: The cecum can also be affected by tuberculosis, which is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other parts of the body.
6. Cancer: Although rare, cancer can also affect the cecum, leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits.

Treatment for cecal diseases depends on the specific condition and its severity. Treatment options may include antibiotics, surgery, or other medical interventions. If you are experiencing symptoms that may be related to a cecal disease, it is important to seek medical attention promptly.

Surgical stapling is a medical technique that uses specialized staplers to place linear staple lines to close surgical incisions, connect or remove organs and tissues during surgical procedures. Surgical staples are made of titanium or stainless steel and can be absorbable or non-absorbable. They provide secure, fast, and accurate wound closure, reducing the risk of infection and promoting faster healing compared to traditional suturing methods.

The surgical stapler consists of a handle, an anvil, and a cartridge containing multiple staples. The device is loaded with staple cartridges and used to approximate tissue edges before deploying the staples. Once the staples are placed, the stapler is removed, leaving the staple line in place.

Surgical stapling has various applications, including gastrointestinal anastomosis, lung resection, vascular anastomosis, and skin closure. It is widely used in different types of surgeries, such as open, laparoscopic, and robotic-assisted procedures. The use of surgical stapling requires proper training and expertise to ensure optimal patient outcomes.

X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging method that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of the body. These cross-sectional images can then be used to display detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body.

The term "computed tomography" is used instead of "CT scan" or "CAT scan" because the machines take a series of X-ray measurements from different angles around the body and then use a computer to process these data to create detailed images of internal structures within the body.

CT scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT imaging provides detailed information about many types of tissue including lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT examinations can be performed on every part of the body for a variety of reasons including diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses.

In computed tomography (CT), an X-ray source and detector rotate around the patient, measuring the X-ray attenuation at many different angles. A computer uses this data to construct a cross-sectional image by the process of reconstruction. This technique is called "tomography". The term "computed" refers to the use of a computer to reconstruct the images.

CT has become an important tool in medical imaging and diagnosis, allowing radiologists and other physicians to view detailed internal images of the body. It can help identify many different medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, lung nodules, liver tumors, and internal injuries from trauma. CT is also commonly used for guiding biopsies and other minimally invasive procedures.

In summary, X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body, allowing physicians to diagnose and treat medical conditions.

Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal studies, are a type of cohort study in which data is collected forward in time, following a group of individuals who share a common characteristic or exposure over a period of time. The researchers clearly define the study population and exposure of interest at the beginning of the study and follow up with the participants to determine the outcomes that develop over time. This type of study design allows for the investigation of causal relationships between exposures and outcomes, as well as the identification of risk factors and the estimation of disease incidence rates. Prospective studies are particularly useful in epidemiology and medical research when studying diseases with long latency periods or rare outcomes.

The digestive system is a series of organs that work together to convert food into nutrients and energy. Digestive system surgical procedures involve operations on any part of the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. These procedures can be performed for a variety of reasons, such as to treat diseases, repair damage, or remove cancerous growths.

Some common digestive system surgical procedures include:

1. Gastric bypass surgery: A procedure in which the stomach is divided into two parts and the smaller part is connected directly to the small intestine, bypassing a portion of the stomach and upper small intestine. This procedure is used to treat severe obesity.
2. Colonoscopy: A procedure in which a flexible tube with a camera on the end is inserted into the rectum and colon to examine the lining for polyps, cancer, or other abnormalities.
3. Colectomy: A procedure in which all or part of the colon is removed, often due to cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or diverticulitis.
4. Gastrostomy: A procedure in which a hole is made through the abdominal wall and into the stomach to create an opening for feeding. This is often done for patients who have difficulty swallowing.
5. Esophagectomy: A procedure in which all or part of the esophagus is removed, often due to cancer. The remaining esophagus is then reconnected to the stomach or small intestine.
6. Liver resection: A procedure in which a portion of the liver is removed, often due to cancer or other diseases.
7. Pancreatectomy: A procedure in which all or part of the pancreas is removed, often due to cancer or chronic pancreatitis.
8. Cholecystectomy: A procedure in which the gallbladder is removed, often due to gallstones or inflammation.

These are just a few examples of digestive system surgical procedures. There are many other types of operations that can be performed on the digestive system depending on the specific needs and condition of each patient.

Fascia lata is a medical term that refers to the thick, fibrous sheath of connective tissue that envelops and surrounds the thigh muscles (specifically, the quadriceps femoris and hamstrings). It is a type of fascia, which is the soft tissue component of the deep (internal) fascial system.

The fascia lata is continuous with the fascia of the hip and knee joints and plays an important role in providing stability, support, and protection to the muscles and other structures within the thigh. It also helps to facilitate the gliding and movement of muscles and tendons during physical activity.

Injuries or inflammation of the fascia lata can cause pain and discomfort, and may limit mobility and range of motion in the thigh and lower extremity. Conditions such as fascia lata strain, tears, or myofascial pain syndrome may require medical treatment, including physical therapy, medication, or in some cases, surgery.

A diaphragm is a thin, dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. It plays a vital role in the process of breathing as it contracts and flattens to draw air into the lungs (inhalation) and relaxes and returns to its domed shape to expel air out of the lungs (exhalation).

In addition, a diaphragm is also a type of barrier method of birth control. It is a flexible dome-shaped device made of silicone that fits over the cervix inside the vagina. When used correctly and consistently, it prevents sperm from entering the uterus and fertilizing an egg, thereby preventing pregnancy.

Abdominal injuries refer to damages or traumas that occur in the abdomen, an area of the body that is located between the chest and the pelvis. This region contains several vital organs such as the stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, kidneys, and reproductive organs. Abdominal injuries can range from minor bruises and cuts to severe internal bleeding and organ damage, depending on the cause and severity of the trauma.

Common causes of abdominal injuries include:

* Blunt force trauma, such as that caused by car accidents, falls, or physical assaults
* Penetrating trauma, such as that caused by gunshot wounds or stabbing
* Deceleration injuries, which occur when the body is moving at a high speed and suddenly stops, causing internal organs to continue moving and collide with each other or the abdominal wall

Symptoms of abdominal injuries may include:

* Pain or tenderness in the abdomen
* Swelling or bruising in the abdomen
* Nausea or vomiting
* Dizziness or lightheadedness
* Blood in the urine or stool
* Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
* Rapid heartbeat or low blood pressure

Abdominal injuries can be life-threatening if left untreated, and immediate medical attention is necessary to prevent complications such as infection, internal bleeding, organ failure, or even death. Treatment may include surgery, medication, or other interventions depending on the severity and location of the injury.

The appendix is a small, tube-like structure that projects from the large intestine, located in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen. Its function in humans is not well understood and is often considered vestigial, meaning it no longer serves a necessary purpose. However, in some animals, the appendix plays a role in the immune system. Inflammation of the appendix, known as appendicitis, can cause severe abdominal pain and requires medical attention, often leading to surgical removal of the appendix (appendectomy).

The broad ligament is a wide, flat fold of peritoneum (the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity) that supports and suspends the uterus within the pelvic cavity. It consists of two layers - the anterior leaf and the posterior leaf - which enclose and protect various reproductive structures such as the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and blood vessels.

The broad ligament plays a crucial role in maintaining the position and stability of the uterus, allowing for proper functioning of the female reproductive system. It also serves as a conduit for nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics that supply and drain the uterus and other pelvic organs.

Anomalies or pathologies of the broad ligament, such as cysts, tumors, or inflammation, can potentially lead to various gynecological conditions and symptoms, requiring medical evaluation and intervention if necessary.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) is a medical procedure that uses a machine to take over the function of the lungs and sometimes also the heart, by pumping and oxygenating the patient's blood outside of their body. This technique is used when a patient's lungs or heart are unable to provide adequate gas exchange or circulation, despite other forms of treatment.

During ECMO, blood is removed from the body through a large catheter or cannula, passed through a membrane oxygenator that adds oxygen and removes carbon dioxide, and then returned to the body through another catheter. This process helps to rest and heal the lungs and/or heart while maintaining adequate oxygenation and circulation to the rest of the body.

ECMO is typically used as a last resort in patients with severe respiratory or cardiac failure who have not responded to other treatments, such as mechanical ventilation or medication. It can be a life-saving procedure, but it also carries risks, including bleeding, infection, and damage to blood vessels or organs.

"Fetal organ maturity" refers to the stage of development and functional competency of the various organs in a fetus. It is the point at which an organ has developed enough to be able to perform its intended physiological functions effectively and sustainably. This maturity is determined by a combination of factors including structural development, cellular differentiation, and biochemical functionality.

Fetal organ maturity is a critical aspect of fetal development, as it directly impacts the newborn's ability to survive and thrive outside the womb. The level of maturity varies among different organs, with some becoming mature earlier in gestation while others continue to develop and mature until birth or even after.

Assessment of fetal organ maturity is often used in clinical settings to determine the optimal time for delivery, particularly in cases where there are risks associated with premature birth. This assessment typically involves a combination of imaging studies, such as ultrasound and MRI, as well as laboratory tests and physical examinations.

Elective surgical procedures are operations that are scheduled in advance because they do not involve a medical emergency. These surgeries are chosen or "elective" based on the patient's and doctor's decision to improve the patient's quality of life or to treat a non-life-threatening condition. Examples include but are not limited to:

1. Aesthetic or cosmetic surgery such as breast augmentation, rhinoplasty, etc.
2. Orthopedic surgeries like knee or hip replacements
3. Cataract surgery
4. Some types of cancer surgeries where the tumor is not spreading or causing severe symptoms
5. Gastric bypass for weight loss

It's important to note that while these procedures are planned, they still require thorough preoperative evaluation and preparation, and carry risks and benefits that need to be carefully considered by both the patient and the healthcare provider.

The esophagogastric junction (EGJ) is the region of the gastrointestinal tract where the esophagus (the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach) meets the stomach. It serves as a physiological sphincter, which helps control the direction of flow and prevent reflux of gastric contents back into the esophagus. The EGJ is also known as the gastroesophageal junction or cardia.

The abdomen refers to the portion of the body that lies between the thorax (chest) and the pelvis. It is a musculo-fascial cavity containing the digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs. The abdominal cavity is divided into several regions and quadrants for medical description and examination purposes. These include the upper and lower abdomen, as well as nine quadrants formed by the intersection of the midline and a horizontal line drawn at the level of the umbilicus (navel).

The major organs located within the abdominal cavity include:

1. Stomach - muscular organ responsible for initial digestion of food
2. Small intestine - long, coiled tube where most nutrient absorption occurs
3. Large intestine - consists of the colon and rectum; absorbs water and stores waste products
4. Liver - largest internal organ, involved in protein synthesis, detoxification, and metabolism
5. Pancreas - secretes digestive enzymes and hormones such as insulin
6. Spleen - filters blood and removes old red blood cells
7. Kidneys - pair of organs responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine
8. Adrenal glands - sit atop each kidney, produce hormones that regulate metabolism, immune response, and stress response

The abdomen is an essential part of the human body, playing a crucial role in digestion, absorption, and elimination of food and waste materials, as well as various metabolic processes.

The peritoneum is the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs. It is composed of a mesothelial cell monolayer supported by a thin, loose connective tissue. The peritoneum has two layers: the parietal peritoneum, which lines the abdominal wall, and the visceral peritoneum, which covers the organs.

The potential space between these two layers is called the peritoneal cavity, which contains a small amount of serous fluid that allows for the smooth movement of the organs within the cavity. The peritoneum plays an important role in the absorption and secretion of fluids and electrolytes, as well as providing a surface for the circulation of immune cells.

In addition, it also provides a route for the spread of infection or malignant cells throughout the abdominal cavity, known as peritonitis. The peritoneum is highly vascularized and innervated, making it sensitive to pain and distention.

Esophagitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation and irritation of the esophageal lining, which is the muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach. This inflammation can cause symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, chest pain, heartburn, and acid reflux.

Esophagitis can be caused by various factors, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), infection, allergies, medications, and chronic vomiting. Prolonged exposure to stomach acid can also cause esophagitis, leading to a condition called reflux esophagitis.

If left untreated, esophagitis can lead to complications such as strictures, ulcers, and Barrett's esophagus, which is a precancerous condition that increases the risk of developing esophageal cancer. Treatment for esophagitis typically involves addressing the underlying cause, managing symptoms, and protecting the esophageal lining to promote healing.

Prenatal ultrasonography, also known as obstetric ultrasound, is a medical diagnostic procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the developing fetus, placenta, and amniotic fluid inside the uterus. It is a non-invasive and painless test that is widely used during pregnancy to monitor the growth and development of the fetus, detect any potential abnormalities or complications, and determine the due date.

During the procedure, a transducer (a small handheld device) is placed on the mother's abdomen and moved around to capture images from different angles. The sound waves travel through the mother's body and bounce back off the fetus, producing echoes that are then converted into electrical signals and displayed as images on a screen.

Prenatal ultrasonography can be performed at various stages of pregnancy, including early pregnancy to confirm the pregnancy and detect the number of fetuses, mid-pregnancy to assess the growth and development of the fetus, and late pregnancy to evaluate the position of the fetus and determine if it is head down or breech. It can also be used to guide invasive procedures such as amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling.

Overall, prenatal ultrasonography is a valuable tool in modern obstetrics that helps ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus.

Appendicitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the appendix, a small finger-like structure that projects from the colon located in the lower right abdomen. The appendix doesn't have a known function, and its removal (appendectomy) does not appear to affect a person's health.

The inflammation of the appendix can be caused by various factors, such as obstruction due to hardened stool, foreign bodies, or tumors. The blockage can lead to increased pressure within the appendix, reduced blood flow, and bacterial growth, resulting in infection and inflammation. If left untreated, appendicitis can progress to peritonitis (inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity) or even sepsis, a life-threatening condition.

Common symptoms of appendicitis include:

* Sudden onset of pain in the lower right abdomen, which may start around the navel and shift to the lower right side over several hours
* Pain that worsens with movement, coughing, or sneezing
* Nausea and vomiting
* Loss of appetite
* Fever and chills
* Constipation or diarrhea
* Abdominal swelling or bloating

If you suspect appendicitis, it's essential to seek immediate medical attention. The standard treatment for appendicitis is surgical removal of the appendix (appendectomy), which can be performed as an open surgery or laparoscopically. Antibiotics are also administered to treat any existing infection. Delaying treatment can lead to serious complications, so it's crucial not to ignore symptoms and seek medical help promptly.

An enterostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening from the intestine to the abdominal wall, which allows for the elimination of waste from the body. This opening is called a stoma and can be temporary or permanent, depending on the individual's medical condition. There are several types of enterostomies, including colostomy, ileostomy, and jejunostomy, which differ based on the specific location in the intestine where the stoma is created.

The purpose of an enterostomy may vary, but it is often performed to divert the flow of waste away from a diseased or damaged section of the intestine, allowing it to heal. Common reasons for an enterostomy include inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, trauma, and birth defects.

After the surgery, patients will need to wear a pouching system over the stoma to collect waste. They will also require specialized care and education on how to manage their stoma and maintain their overall health. With proper care and support, individuals with an enterostomy can lead active and fulfilling lives.

Abdominal wound closure techniques refer to the methods used to close and repair surgical incisions in the abdomen. The goal of these techniques is to restore the integrity of the abdominal wall, minimize the risk of infection or dehiscence (wound separation), and promote optimal healing. Several abdominal wound closure techniques are available, and the choice of which one to use depends on various factors such as the size and location of the incision, the patient's individual needs and medical history, and the surgeon's preference. Here are some commonly used abdominal wound closure techniques:

1. Continuous running suture: This technique involves using a continuous strand of suture material to close the wound in a single pass. The suture is inserted through the full thickness of the abdominal wall, including the fascia (the strong connective tissue that surrounds the muscles), and then passed continuously along the length of the incision, pulling the edges of the wound together as it goes. This technique can be faster and more efficient than other methods, but it may increase the risk of infection or wound breakdown if not done properly.
2. Interrupted suture: In this technique, the surgeon uses individual stitches placed at regular intervals along the incision to close the wound. Each stitch is tied separately, which can make the closure more secure and reduce the risk of infection or wound breakdown. However, interrupted sutures can be more time-consuming than continuous running sutures.
3. Mass closure: This technique involves using a large, continuous suture to close the entire length of the incision in one pass. The suture is inserted through the full thickness of the abdominal wall and tied at both ends, pulling the edges of the wound together. Mass closure can be faster and more efficient than other methods, but it may increase the risk of infection or wound breakdown if not done properly.
4. Retention sutures: These are additional sutures that are placed deep within the abdominal wall to provide extra support and strength to the closure. They are often used in high-tension areas or in patients who are at increased risk of wound dehiscence, such as those with obesity or diabetes.
5. Layered closure: In this technique, the surgeon closes the incision in multiple layers, starting with the deepest layer of muscle and fascia and working outward to the skin. Each layer is closed separately using either interrupted or continuous sutures. Layered closure can provide added strength and stability to the closure, but it can be more time-consuming than other methods.
6. Skin closure: The final step in wound closure is to close the skin, which can be done using a variety of techniques, including staples, sutures, or surgical glue. The choice of closure method depends on several factors, including the size and location of the incision, the patient's individual needs and preferences, and the surgeon's experience and expertise.

Overall, the choice of wound closure technique depends on several factors, including the size and location of the incision, the patient's individual needs and preferences, and the surgeon's experience and expertise. The goal is to provide a strong, secure, and cosmetically appealing closure that minimizes the risk of infection, wound breakdown, or other complications.

Artificial pneumoperitoneum is a medical condition that refers to the presence of air or gas in the peritoneal cavity, which is the space between the lining of the abdominal wall and the organs within the abdomen. This condition is typically created intentionally during surgical procedures, such as laparoscopy, to provide a working space for the surgeon to perform the operation.

During laparoscopic surgery, a thin tube called a trocar is inserted through a small incision in the abdominal wall, and carbon dioxide gas is pumped into the peritoneal cavity to create a pneumoperitoneum. This allows the surgeon to insert specialized instruments through other small incisions and perform the surgery while visualizing the operative field with a camera.

While artificial pneumoperitoneum is generally safe, there are potential complications that can arise, such as injury to surrounding organs or blood vessels during trocar insertion, subcutaneous emphysema (air trapped under the skin), or gas embolism (gas in the bloodstream). These risks are typically minimized through careful technique and monitoring during the procedure.

Peptic esophagitis is a medical condition that refers to inflammation and damage of the lining of the esophagus caused by stomach acid backing up into the esophagus. This is also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The term "peptic" indicates that digestive enzymes or stomach acids are involved in the cause of the condition.

Peptic esophagitis can cause symptoms such as heartburn, chest pain, difficulty swallowing, and painful swallowing. If left untreated, it can lead to complications like strictures, ulcers, and Barrett's esophagus, which is a precancerous condition. Treatment typically involves lifestyle changes, medications to reduce acid production, and sometimes surgery.

An ileostomy is a surgical procedure in which the end of the small intestine, called the ileum, is brought through an opening in the abdominal wall (stoma) to create a path for waste material to leave the body. This procedure is typically performed when there is damage or removal of the colon, rectum, or anal canal due to conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis), cancer, or trauma.

After an ileostomy, waste material from the small intestine exits the body through the stoma and collects in a pouch worn outside the body. The patient needs to empty the pouch regularly, typically every few hours, as the output is liquid or semi-liquid. Ileostomies can be temporary or permanent, depending on the underlying condition and the planned course of treatment. Proper care and management of the stoma and pouch are essential for maintaining good health and quality of life after an ileostomy.

The esophagus is the muscular tube that connects the throat (pharynx) to the stomach. It is located in the midline of the neck and chest, passing through the diaphragm to enter the abdomen and join the stomach. The main function of the esophagus is to transport food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach for digestion.

The esophagus has a few distinct parts: the upper esophageal sphincter (a ring of muscle that separates the esophagus from the throat), the middle esophagus, and the lower esophageal sphincter (another ring of muscle that separates the esophagus from the stomach). The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes to allow food and liquids to enter the stomach and then contracts to prevent stomach contents from flowing back into the esophagus.

The walls of the esophagus are made up of several layers, including mucosa (a moist tissue that lines the inside of the tube), submucosa (a layer of connective tissue), muscle (both voluntary and involuntary types), and adventitia (an outer layer of connective tissue).

Common conditions affecting the esophagus include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett's esophagus, esophageal cancer, esophageal strictures, and eosinophilic esophagitis.

'Abnormalities, Multiple' is a broad term that refers to the presence of two or more structural or functional anomalies in an individual. These abnormalities can be present at birth (congenital) or can develop later in life (acquired). They can affect various organs and systems of the body and can vary greatly in severity and impact on a person's health and well-being.

Multiple abnormalities can occur due to genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both. Chromosomal abnormalities, gene mutations, exposure to teratogens (substances that cause birth defects), and maternal infections during pregnancy are some of the common causes of multiple congenital abnormalities.

Examples of multiple congenital abnormalities include Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and VATER/VACTERL association. Acquired multiple abnormalities can result from conditions such as trauma, infection, degenerative diseases, or cancer.

The medical evaluation and management of individuals with multiple abnormalities depend on the specific abnormalities present and their impact on the individual's health and functioning. A multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals is often involved in the care of these individuals to address their complex needs.

Gestational age is the length of time that has passed since the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP) in pregnant women. It is the standard unit used to estimate the age of a pregnancy and is typically expressed in weeks. This measure is used because the exact date of conception is often not known, but the start of the last menstrual period is usually easier to recall.

It's important to note that since ovulation typically occurs around two weeks after the start of the LMP, gestational age is approximately two weeks longer than fetal age, which is the actual time elapsed since conception. Medical professionals use both gestational and fetal age to track the development and growth of the fetus during pregnancy.

Thoracotomy is a surgical procedure that involves making an incision on the chest wall to gain access to the thoracic cavity, which contains the lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, and other vital organs. The incision can be made on the side (lateral thoracotomy), back (posterolateral thoracotomy), or front (median sternotomy) of the chest wall, depending on the specific surgical indication.

Thoracotomy is performed for various indications, including lung biopsy, lung resection, esophagectomy, heart surgery, and mediastinal mass removal. The procedure allows the surgeon to directly visualize and access the organs within the thoracic cavity, perform necessary procedures, and control bleeding if needed.

After the procedure, the incision is typically closed with sutures or staples, and a chest tube may be placed to drain any accumulated fluid or air from the pleural space around the lungs. The patient will require postoperative care and monitoring in a hospital setting until their condition stabilizes.

Endoscopy of the digestive system, also known as gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, is a medical procedure that allows healthcare professionals to visually examine the inside lining of the digestive tract using a flexible tube with a light and camera attached to it, called an endoscope. This procedure can help diagnose and treat various conditions affecting the digestive system, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and cancer.

There are several types of endoscopy procedures that focus on different parts of the digestive tract:

1. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD): This procedure examines the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). It is often used to investigate symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, abdominal pain, or bleeding in the upper GI tract.
2. Colonoscopy: This procedure explores the large intestine (colon) and rectum. It is commonly performed to screen for colon cancer, as well as to diagnose and treat conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulosis, or polyps.
3. Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy, this procedure examines the lower part of the colon (sigmoid colon) and rectum. It is often used as a screening tool for colon cancer and to investigate symptoms like rectal bleeding or changes in bowel habits.
4. Upper GI endoscopy: This procedure focuses on the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, using a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera attached to it. It is used to diagnose and treat conditions such as GERD, ulcers, and difficulty swallowing.
5. Capsule endoscopy: This procedure involves swallowing a small capsule containing a camera that captures images of the digestive tract as it passes through. It can help diagnose conditions in the small intestine that may be difficult to reach with traditional endoscopes.

Endoscopy is typically performed under sedation or anesthesia to ensure patient comfort during the procedure. The images captured by the endoscope are displayed on a monitor, allowing the healthcare provider to assess the condition of the digestive tract and make informed treatment decisions.

The omentum, in anatomical terms, refers to a large apron-like fold of abdominal fatty tissue that hangs down from the stomach and loops over the intestines. It is divided into two portions: the greater omentum, which is larger and hangs down further, and the lesser omentum, which is smaller and connects the stomach to the liver.

The omentum has several functions in the body, including providing protection and cushioning for the abdominal organs, assisting with the immune response by containing a large number of immune cells, and helping to repair damaged tissues. It can also serve as a source of nutrients and energy for the body during times of starvation or other stressors.

In medical contexts, the omentum may be surgically mobilized and used to wrap around injured or inflamed tissues in order to promote healing and reduce the risk of infection. This technique is known as an "omentopexy" or "omentoplasty."

Manometry is a medical test that measures pressure inside various parts of the gastrointestinal tract. It is often used to help diagnose digestive disorders such as achalasia, gastroparesis, and irritable bowel syndrome. During the test, a thin, flexible tube called a manometer is inserted through the mouth or rectum and into the area being tested. The tube is connected to a machine that measures and records pressure readings. These readings can help doctors identify any abnormalities in muscle function or nerve reflexes within the digestive tract.

A "learning curve" is not a medical term per se, but rather a general concept that is used in various fields including medicine. It refers to the process of acquiring new skills or knowledge in a specific task or activity, and the improvement in performance that comes with experience and practice over time.

In a medical context, a learning curve may refer to the rate at which healthcare professionals acquire proficiency in a new procedure, technique, or technology. It can also describe how quickly patients learn to manage their own health conditions or treatments. The term is often used to evaluate the effectiveness of training programs and to identify areas where additional education or practice may be necessary.

It's important to note that individuals may have different learning curves depending on factors such as prior experience, innate abilities, motivation, and access to resources. Therefore, it's essential to tailor training and support to the needs of each learner to ensure optimal outcomes.

Veterinary surgery refers to the surgical procedures performed on animals by trained veterinarians or veterinary surgeons. It involves the use of various surgical techniques and tools to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases and injuries in animals. This can include soft tissue surgeries such as abdominal or thoracic surgeries, orthopedic surgeries for bone and joint issues, neurological surgeries, oncological surgeries for the removal of tumors, and reconstructive surgeries. Veterinary surgeons must complete extensive education and training in order to provide safe and effective surgical care for animals.

Polyglactin 910 is a type of synthetic absorbable suture made from copolymers of lactide and glycolide. It is designed to gradually break down and be absorbed by the body over time, typically within 56 to 70 days after being used in surgical wounds. This property makes it an ideal choice for soft tissue approximation and laceration repairs.

Polyglactin 910 sutures are often used in various surgical procedures, including orthopedic, ophthalmic, cardiovascular, and general surgery. They come in different sizes and forms, such as plain, reverse cutting, and braided, to suit various surgical needs.

The gradual absorption of Polyglactin 910 sutures helps minimize scarring and reduces the need for suture removal procedures. However, it is essential to note that inflammation may occur during the degradation process, which could potentially lead to adverse reactions in some individuals. Proper wound care and follow-up with healthcare professionals are crucial to ensure optimal healing and manage any potential complications.

The perineum is the region between the anus and the genitals. In anatomical terms, it refers to the diamond-shaped area located in the lower part of the pelvis and extends from the coccyx (tailbone) to the pubic symphysis, which is the joint in the front where the two pubic bones meet. This region contains various muscles that support the pelvic floor and contributes to maintaining urinary and fecal continence. The perineum can be further divided into two triangular regions: the urogenital triangle (anterior) and the anal triangle (posterior).

"Acute abdomen" is a medical term used to describe a sudden and severe abdominal pain that requires immediate medical attention. This condition can be caused by various factors such as inflammation, infection, obstruction, or perforation of the abdominal organs. Common causes of acute abdomen include appendicitis, cholecystitis, diverticulitis, intestinal obstruction, and perforated ulcers.

The symptoms of acute abdomen may include severe and localized or generalized abdominal pain, tenderness, rigidity, rebound tenderness, fever, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. The diagnosis of acute abdomen is usually made based on the patient's history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies such as X-rays, ultrasound, or CT scan.

Treatment of acute abdomen depends on the underlying cause and may include antibiotics, intravenous fluids, pain management, and surgery in severe cases. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of acute abdomen can lead to serious complications such as sepsis, peritonitis, and even death.

Barium sulfate is a medication that is commonly used as a contrast material in medical imaging procedures, such as X-rays and CT scans. It works by coating the inside of the digestive tract, making it visible on an X-ray or CT scan and allowing doctors to see detailed images of the stomach, intestines, and other parts of the digestive system.

Barium sulfate is a white, chalky powder that is mixed with water to create a thick, milky liquid. It is generally safe and does not cause significant side effects when used in medical imaging procedures. However, it should not be taken by individuals who have a known allergy to barium or who have certain digestive conditions, such as obstructions or perforations of the bowel.

It's important to note that while barium sulfate is an important tool for medical diagnosis, it is not a treatment for any medical condition and should only be used under the direction of a healthcare professional.

Minimally invasive surgical procedures are a type of surgery that is performed with the assistance of specialized equipment and techniques to minimize trauma to the patient's body. This approach aims to reduce blood loss, pain, and recovery time as compared to traditional open surgeries. The most common minimally invasive surgical procedure is laparoscopy, which involves making small incisions (usually 0.5-1 cm) in the abdomen or chest and inserting a thin tube with a camera (laparoscope) to visualize the internal organs.

The surgeon then uses long, slender instruments inserted through separate incisions to perform the necessary surgical procedures, such as cutting, coagulation, or suturing. Other types of minimally invasive surgical procedures include arthroscopy (for joint surgery), thoracoscopy (for chest surgery), and hysteroscopy (for uterine surgery). The benefits of minimally invasive surgical procedures include reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, quicker return to normal activities, and improved cosmetic results. However, not all surgeries can be performed using minimally invasive techniques, and the suitability of a particular procedure depends on various factors, including the patient's overall health, the nature and extent of the surgical problem, and the surgeon's expertise.

A fibrin tissue adhesive is a type of surgical glue that is used to approximate and secure together cut or wounded tissues in the body during surgical procedures. It is made from fibrin, a protein involved in blood clotting, and is often combined with other substances like thrombin and calcium chloride to promote clot formation and enhance adhesion.

Fibrin tissue adhesives work by mimicking the body's natural clotting process. When applied to the wound site, the fibrinogen component of the adhesive is converted into fibrin by the thrombin component, creating a stable fibrin clot that holds the edges of the wound together. This helps to promote healing and reduce the risk of complications such as bleeding or infection.

Fibrin tissue adhesives are commonly used in various surgical procedures, including dermatologic, ophthalmic, orthopedic, and neurologic surgeries. They offer several advantages over traditional suturing methods, such as reduced operation time, less trauma to the tissues, and improved cosmetic outcomes. However, they may not be suitable for all types of wounds or surgical sites, and their use should be determined by a qualified healthcare professional based on individual patient needs and circumstances.

Cryptorchidism is a medical condition in which one or both of a male infant's testicles fail to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum before birth or within the first year of life. Normally, the testicles descend from the abdomen into the scrotum during fetal development in the second trimester. If the testicles do not descend on their own, medical intervention may be necessary to correct the condition.

Cryptorchidism is a common birth defect, affecting about 3-5% of full-term and 30% of preterm male infants. In most cases, the testicle will descend on its own within the first six months of life. If it does not, treatment may be necessary to prevent complications such as infertility, testicular cancer, and inguinal hernia.

Treatment for cryptorchidism typically involves surgery to bring the testicle down into the scrotum. This procedure is called orchiopexy and is usually performed before the age of 2. In some cases, hormonal therapy may be used as an alternative to surgery. However, this approach has limited success and is generally only recommended in certain situations.

Overall, cryptorchidism is a treatable condition that can help prevent future health problems if addressed early on. Regular check-ups with a pediatrician or healthcare provider can help ensure timely diagnosis and treatment of this condition.

Intestinal perforation is a medical condition that refers to a hole or tear in the lining of the intestine. This can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract, including the small intestine, large intestine (colon), or stomach. Intestinal perforation allows the contents of the intestines, such as digestive enzymes and bacteria, to leak into the abdominal cavity, which can lead to a serious inflammatory response known as peritonitis.

Intestinal perforation can be caused by various factors, including:

* Mechanical trauma (e.g., gunshot wounds, stab wounds)
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis)
* Diverticulitis
* Appendicitis
* Intestinal obstruction
* Infections (e.g., typhoid fever, tuberculosis)
* Certain medications (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids)
* Radiation therapy
* Ischemic bowel disease (lack of blood flow to the intestines)

Symptoms of intestinal perforation may include sudden abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and decreased bowel movements. Treatment typically involves surgery to repair the perforation and remove any damaged tissue. Antibiotics are also administered to prevent infection. In severe cases, a temporary or permanent colostomy or ileostomy may be necessary.

Pregnancy is a physiological state or condition where a fertilized egg (zygote) successfully implants and grows in the uterus of a woman, leading to the development of an embryo and finally a fetus. This process typically spans approximately 40 weeks, divided into three trimesters, and culminates in childbirth. Throughout this period, numerous hormonal and physical changes occur to support the growing offspring, including uterine enlargement, breast development, and various maternal adaptations to ensure the fetus's optimal growth and well-being.

Artificial Skin is a synthetic substitute or equivalent that is used to replace, support, or enhance the function of damaged or absent skin. It can be made from various materials such as biopolymers, composites, or biosynthetic materials. The main purpose of artificial skin is to provide a temporary or permanent covering for wounds, burns, or ulcers that cannot be healed with conventional treatments. Additionally, it may serve as a platform for the delivery of medications or as a matrix for the growth of cells and tissues during skin grafting procedures. Artificial skin must possess properties such as biocompatibility, durability, flexibility, and permeability to air and water vapor in order to promote optimal healing and minimize scarring.

Thoracic radiography is a type of diagnostic imaging that involves using X-rays to produce images of the chest, including the lungs, heart, bronchi, great vessels, and the bones of the spine and chest wall. It is a commonly used tool in the diagnosis and management of various respiratory, cardiovascular, and thoracic disorders such as pneumonia, lung cancer, heart failure, and rib fractures.

During the procedure, the patient is positioned between an X-ray machine and a cassette containing a film or digital detector. The X-ray beam is directed at the chest, and the resulting image is captured on the film or detector. The images produced can help identify any abnormalities in the structure or function of the organs within the chest.

Thoracic radiography may be performed as a routine screening test for certain conditions, such as lung cancer, or it may be ordered when a patient presents with symptoms suggestive of a respiratory or cardiovascular disorder. It is a safe and non-invasive procedure that can provide valuable information to help guide clinical decision making and improve patient outcomes.

In the field of medicine, "time factors" refer to the duration of symptoms or time elapsed since the onset of a medical condition, which can have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding time factors is crucial in determining the progression of a disease, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and making critical decisions regarding patient care.

For example, in stroke management, "time is brain," meaning that rapid intervention within a specific time frame (usually within 4.5 hours) is essential to administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug that can minimize brain damage and improve patient outcomes. Similarly, in trauma care, the "golden hour" concept emphasizes the importance of providing definitive care within the first 60 minutes after injury to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity.

Time factors also play a role in monitoring the progression of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease, where regular follow-ups and assessments help determine appropriate treatment adjustments and prevent complications. In infectious diseases, time factors are crucial for initiating antibiotic therapy and identifying potential outbreaks to control their spread.

Overall, "time factors" encompass the significance of recognizing and acting promptly in various medical scenarios to optimize patient outcomes and provide effective care.

"Conversion to open surgery" is a medical term that refers to the situation when a surgical procedure, which was initially being performed using minimally invasive techniques (such as laparoscopy or thoracoscopy), needs to be changed to an open approach during the operation. This conversion may be necessary due to various reasons such as unforeseen technical difficulties, excessive bleeding, or discovery of unexpected surgical findings that cannot be safely managed using the minimally invasive approach. The decision to convert to an open surgery is typically made by the operating surgeon in order to ensure the safety and well-being of the patient.

Tensile strength is a material property that measures the maximum amount of tensile (pulling) stress that a material can withstand before failure, such as breaking or fracturing. It is usually measured in units of force per unit area, such as pounds per square inch (psi) or pascals (Pa). In the context of medical devices or biomaterials, tensile strength may be used to describe the mechanical properties of materials used in implants, surgical tools, or other medical equipment. High tensile strength is often desirable in these applications to ensure that the material can withstand the stresses and forces it will encounter during use.

The lumbosacral region is the lower part of the back where the lumbar spine (five vertebrae in the lower back) connects with the sacrum (a triangular bone at the base of the spine). This region is subject to various conditions such as sprains, strains, herniated discs, and degenerative disorders that can cause pain and discomfort. It's also a common site for surgical intervention when non-surgical treatments fail to provide relief.

The mesocolon is a peritoneal fold that attaches the colon to the posterior abdominal wall. It contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves that supply the colon. The mesocolon allows for the mobility and flexibility of the colon within the abdominal cavity. There are several parts of the mesocolon, including the mesentery of the ascending colon (right mesocolon), the transverse mesocolon, and the mesentery of the descending and sigmoid colon (left mesocolon).

Endoscopy is a medical procedure that involves the use of an endoscope, which is a flexible tube with a light and camera at the end, to examine the interior of a body cavity or organ. The endoscope is inserted through a natural opening in the body, such as the mouth or anus, or through a small incision. The images captured by the camera are transmitted to a monitor, allowing the physician to visualize the internal structures and detect any abnormalities, such as inflammation, ulcers, or tumors. Endoscopy can also be used for diagnostic purposes, such as taking tissue samples for biopsy, or for therapeutic purposes, such as removing polyps or performing minimally invasive surgeries.

The umbilicus, also known as the navel, is the scar left on the abdominal wall after the removal of the umbilical cord in a newborn. The umbilical cord connects the developing fetus to the placenta in the uterus during pregnancy, providing essential nutrients and oxygen while removing waste products. After birth, the cord is clamped and cut, leaving behind a small stump that eventually dries up and falls off, leaving the umbilicus. In adults, it typically appears as a slight depression or dimple on the abdomen.

Rectal prolapse is a medical condition where the rectum, which is the lower end of the colon, slips outside the anus, the opening through which stool leaves the body. This usually occurs due to weakened muscles and supporting structures in the pelvic area, often as a result of aging, childbirth, or long-term constipation or diarrhea.

The rectal prolapse can be partial, where only a small portion of the rectum slips outside the anus, or complete, where the entire rectum protrudes. This condition can cause discomfort, pain, bleeding, and difficulty with bowel movements. Treatment options may include dietary changes, medication, or surgical intervention.

Gastrointestinal endoscopy is a medical procedure that allows direct visualization of the inner lining of the digestive tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), and sometimes the upper part of the small intestine (duodenum). This procedure is performed using an endoscope, a long, thin, flexible tube with a light and camera at its tip. The endoscope is inserted through the mouth for upper endoscopy or through the rectum for lower endoscopy (colonoscopy), and the images captured by the camera are transmitted to a monitor for the physician to view.

Gastrointestinal endoscopy can help diagnose various conditions, such as inflammation, ulcers, tumors, polyps, or bleeding in the digestive tract. It can also be used for therapeutic purposes, such as removing polyps, taking tissue samples (biopsies), treating bleeding, and performing other interventions to manage certain digestive diseases.

There are different types of gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures, including:

1. Upper Endoscopy (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy or EGD): This procedure examines the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.
2. Colonoscopy: This procedure examines the colon and rectum.
3. Sigmoidoscopy: A limited examination of the lower part of the colon (sigmoid colon) using a shorter endoscope.
4. Enteroscopy: An examination of the small intestine, which can be performed using various techniques, such as push enteroscopy, single-balloon enteroscopy, or double-balloon enteroscopy.
5. Capsule Endoscopy: A procedure that involves swallowing a small capsule containing a camera, which captures images of the digestive tract as it passes through.

Gastrointestinal endoscopy is generally considered safe when performed by experienced medical professionals. However, like any medical procedure, there are potential risks and complications, such as bleeding, infection, perforation, or adverse reactions to sedatives used during the procedure. Patients should discuss these risks with their healthcare provider before undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy.

An emergency is a sudden, unexpected situation that requires immediate medical attention to prevent serious harm, permanent disability, or death. Emergencies can include severe injuries, trauma, cardiac arrest, stroke, difficulty breathing, severe allergic reactions, and other life-threatening conditions. In such situations, prompt medical intervention is necessary to stabilize the patient's condition, diagnose the underlying problem, and provide appropriate treatment.

Emergency medical services (EMS) are responsible for providing emergency care to patients outside of a hospital setting, such as in the home, workplace, or public place. EMS personnel include emergency medical technicians (EMTs), paramedics, and other first responders who are trained to assess a patient's condition, provide basic life support, and transport the patient to a hospital for further treatment.

In a hospital setting, an emergency department (ED) is a specialized unit that provides immediate care to patients with acute illnesses or injuries. ED staff includes physicians, nurses, and other healthcare professionals who are trained to handle a wide range of medical emergencies. The ED is equipped with advanced medical technology and resources to provide prompt diagnosis and treatment for critically ill or injured patients.

Overall, the goal of emergency medical care is to stabilize the patient's condition, prevent further harm, and provide timely and effective treatment to improve outcomes and save lives.

Nonpenetrating wounds are a type of trauma or injury to the body that do not involve a break in the skin or underlying tissues. These wounds can result from blunt force trauma, such as being struck by an object or falling onto a hard surface. They can also result from crushing injuries, where significant force is applied to a body part, causing damage to internal structures without breaking the skin.

Nonpenetrating wounds can cause a range of injuries, including bruising, swelling, and damage to internal organs, muscles, bones, and other tissues. The severity of the injury depends on the force of the trauma, the location of the impact, and the individual's overall health and age.

While nonpenetrating wounds may not involve a break in the skin, they can still be serious and require medical attention. If you have experienced blunt force trauma or suspect a nonpenetrating wound, it is important to seek medical care to assess the extent of the injury and receive appropriate treatment.

Fetoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that allows direct visualization of the fetus and the intrauterine environment through the use of a fiber-optic scope. It is typically performed during the second trimester of pregnancy to diagnose or treat various fetal conditions, such as twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, or spina bifida. The procedure involves inserting a thin tube called a fetoscope through the mother's abdomen and uterus to access the fetus. Fetoscopy can also be used for taking fetal tissue samples for genetic testing.

It is important to note that while fetoscopy can provide valuable information and treatment options, it does carry some risks, including preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes, infection, and bleeding. Therefore, the decision to undergo fetoscopy should be made carefully, in consultation with a medical professional, and based on a thorough evaluation of the potential benefits and risks.

Prostheses: Artificial substitutes or replacements for missing body parts, such as limbs, eyes, or teeth. They are designed to restore the function, appearance, or mobility of the lost part. Prosthetic devices can be categorized into several types, including:

1. External prostheses: Devices that are attached to the outside of the body, like artificial arms, legs, hands, and feet. These may be further classified into:
a. Cosmetic or aesthetic prostheses: Primarily designed to improve the appearance of the affected area.
b. Functional prostheses: Designed to help restore the functionality and mobility of the lost limb.
2. Internal prostheses: Implanted artificial parts that replace missing internal organs, bones, or tissues, such as heart valves, hip joints, or intraocular lenses.

Implants: Medical devices or substances that are intentionally placed inside the body to replace or support a missing or damaged biological structure, deliver medication, monitor physiological functions, or enhance bodily functions. Examples of implants include:

1. Orthopedic implants: Devices used to replace or reinforce damaged bones, joints, or cartilage, such as knee or hip replacements.
2. Cardiovascular implants: Devices that help support or regulate heart function, like pacemakers, defibrillators, and artificial heart valves.
3. Dental implants: Artificial tooth roots that are placed into the jawbone to support dental prostheses, such as crowns, bridges, or dentures.
4. Neurological implants: Devices used to stimulate nerves, brain structures, or spinal cord tissues to treat various neurological conditions, like deep brain stimulators for Parkinson's disease or cochlear implants for hearing loss.
5. Ophthalmic implants: Artificial lenses that are placed inside the eye to replace a damaged or removed natural lens, such as intraocular lenses used in cataract surgery.

Acellular dermis is a type of processed connective tissue graft used in surgical procedures, particularly in reconstructive surgery. It is derived from human or animal skin, but has had the epidermis and cells of the dermis removed, leaving behind the intact extracellular matrix (ECM). This ECM includes proteins such as collagen and elastin, which provide structural support, and growth factors, which can help to stimulate tissue regeneration.

The acellular nature of the graft means that it is less likely to be rejected by the recipient's immune system, making it a useful option for patients who may not be good candidates for autografts (tissue transplanted from another part of their own body) or allografts (tissue transplanted from another person). Acellular dermis can be used to repair and rebuild damaged skin, as well as to augment soft tissue in areas such as the face and breast.

There are several different brands and types of acellular dermis available, each with its own specific composition and indications for use. Some common examples include AlloDerm, FlexHD, and Integra Dermal Regeneration Template. The choice of graft may depend on factors such as the size and location of the defect being treated, as well as the patient's individual needs and medical history.

Femoral hernias are a relatively uncommon type, accounting for only 3% of all hernias. While femoral hernias can occur in both ... Several subtypes of femoral hernia have been described. Femoral hernias, like most other hernias, usually need operative ... This is the most common type of femoral hernia and is usually painless. An irreducible femoral hernia occurs when a femoral ... A reducible femoral hernia occurs when a femoral hernia can be pushed back into the abdominal cavity, either spontaneously or ...
Femoral hernia Transient synovitis "Psoas abscess". UpToDate. Retrieved 2023-08-08. "Psoas abscess - Knowledge @ AMBOSS". www. ...
Groin hernia includes femoral, obturator, and inguinal. Inguinal hernia is the most common type of hernia and consist of about ... of femoral hernia repairs, indirect inguinal hernias are still the most common subtype of groin hernia in both males and ... Groin hernias account for almost 75% of all abdominal wall hernias with the lifetime risk of an inguinal hernia in men and ... "Overview of treatment for inguinal and femoral hernia in adults". www.uptodate.com. Retrieved 2017-12-14. "Inguinal Hernia , ...
Ranson, FT (7 April 1934). "INJURIES TO FEMORAL VESSELS DURING HERNIA OPERATIONS". British Medical Journal. 1 (3822): 618-9. ... The femoral vessels are those blood vessels passing through the femoral ring into the femoral canal thereby passing down the ... These large vessel are the: Femoral artery (also known in this location as the common femoral artery) and Femoral vein ... where they are still referred to collectively as femoral vessels. The adjective femoral, in this case, relates to the thigh, ...
... is a rare subtype of an incarcerated femoral hernia. This eponym may be used to describe the ... Akopian G, Alexander M (2005). "De Garengeot hernia: appendicitis within a femoral hernia". Am Surg. 71 (6): 526-7. PMID ... Patients present clinically similar to other incarcerated femoral herniae. Treatment consists of an appendectomy and hernia ... hernias. Hernia 11(3):289-290 (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Hernias). ...
Ueber die Schenkelhernie, 1852 - On the femoral hernia. Compendium der chirurgischen Operationslehre, (1856; fourth edition, ... Vorlesungen über Unterleibs-Hernien (1866; new edition, 1882) - Lectures on abdominal hernias. ADB:Linhart, Wenzel von @ ...
Battle's operation, a surgical operation for femoral hernia. Battle was the third son and sixth of the nineteen children of ...
Inguinal hernias, in turn, belong to groin hernias, which also includes femoral hernias. A femoral hernia is not via the ... Globally, inguinal, femoral and abdominal hernias resulted in 60,000 deaths in 2015 and 55,000 in 1990. Hernias usually present ... Repair, however, is generally recommended in females due to the higher rate of femoral hernias (also a type of groin hernia) ... Indirect inguinal hernia is still the most common groin hernia for females. If a woman has an indirect inguinal hernia, her ...
Part of the intestine can sometimes pass through the femoral ring into the femoral canal causing a femoral hernia. The femoral ... Femoral canal Femoral hernia Inguinal canal Moore, Keith L. (2018). Clinically Oriented Anatomy. A. M. R. Agur, Arthur F., II ... The femoral ring is the opening at the proximal, abdominal end of the femoral canal, and represents the (superiorly directed/ ... The opening of the femoral ring is filled in by extraperitoneal fat, forming the femoral septum. ...
An inguinal hernia will lie anteromedial to the pubic tubercle. A femoral hernia will lie inferolateral to the pubic tubercle. ... Femoral, Lateral Femoral Cutaneous, Obturator, Saphenous, and Fascia Iliaca Blocks", Essentials of Pain Medicine and Regional ... The pubic tubercle is a useful landmark for identifying hernias. ...
April 1923). "A Note on the Operation for the Radical Cure of Femoral Hernia". British Journal of Surgery. London: John Wright ...
Béclard's hernia: A femoral hernia through the opening of the saphenous vein. Béclard's triangle: An area whose boundaries are ... With Jules Germain Cloquet (1790-1883), he translated William Lawrence's work on hernias from English into French as Traité des ... Mondofacto Dictionary Béclard's triangle, anastomosis & hernia Pierre Augustin Béclard @ Who Named It (CS1 German-language ...
Grigoryants designed the operative technique of closure of the femoral hernia defect. Grigoryants is also credited with ... "Four cases of strangulated internal abdominal hernias" by G.S. Grigoryants Medical Journal of Uzbekistan. "On Question Of ... also known as ventral hernias) and on the topic of radiological impairment the body sustains from the incorrect use of the x- ... Some of Grigoryants's research included work on surgical methods used in repairing damaged anterior abdominal wall hernias ( ...
It displays a cough impulse and may be mistaken for a femoral hernia. However it has a bluish tinge and disappears on lying ... A saphena varix, or saphenous varix, is a dilation of the great saphenous vein at its junction with the femoral vein in the ...
... along with the femoral nerve. Inguinal Hernia from the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery at Saint Pierre University ... The medial compartment contains vasculature including the femoral artery and vein. The lateral compartment allows for passage ...
Repair techniques are similar for femoral and inguinal hernia. A Cooper's hernia is a femoral hernia with two sacs, the first ... Broad ligament hernia, of the uterus. Double indirect hernia: an indirect inguinal hernia with two hernia sacs, without a ... Look up hernia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hernias. Hernia at Curlie "hernia". ... Paraumbilical hernia: a type of umbilical hernia occurring in adults Perineal hernia: a perineal hernia protrudes through the ...
This surgery involves operating for femoral hernia through the posterior wall of the inguinal canal. Georg Lotheissen @ Who ... Lotheissen made important contributions in his work involving esophageal surgery and hernia repair. In 1897, he was the first ... Nyhus and Condon's Hernia. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-1962-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors ... an operation he performed on a patient with a recurrent inguinal hernia. Decades later, American surgeon Chester McVay (1911- ...
Femoral and Inguinal Hernia Physiological concept of eyelid rejuvenation v t e (Articles with short description, Short ... He developed an infra-inguinal approach for femoral hernia operations that is known today as the "low approach" or "Lockwood's ... "Hunterian Lectures on the Morbid Anatomy, Pathology, and Treatment of Hernia", (1889) "Radical Cure of Femoral and Inguinal ... Lockwood is remembered for his surgical work with femoral and inguinal hernias. ...
Roux" [A major operation of the femoral hernia according to the method of Prof. Roux]. Русский врач (in Russian). St. ... Roux (Lausanne)" [19 cases of radical surgery of the femoral hernia according to the method of Prof. Roux (Lausanne)]. Русский ... In addition to hernias and industrial injuries, her publications also covered surgeries for obstetrics, the thyroid gland, and ... and inguinal hernia for future scientific study. She recommended that special institutions designed to treat chronic patients ...
The lacunar ligament can be a site of entrapment for femoral hernias. Its boundaries are the iliopectineal arch, the inguinal ... The structures found in the vascular lacuna, from medial to lateral, are: Cloquet's node; Femoral vein; Femoral artery; and ... It gives passage to the femoral vessels, lymph vessels and lymph nodes. ... Femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve "lacuna vasorum retroinguinalis". TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved 2023-06-14. Ross, ...
... femoral hernia and sports hernia. Those of the pelvic wall include: sciatic hernia, obturator hernia and perineal hernia. The ... The hernias of the anterior abdominal wall include: epigastric hernias, umbilical hernias, spigelian hernias and incisional ... Those of the groin include: direct inguinal hernia, indirect inguinal hernia, ... Although most hernias can be detected clinically with the presence of a lump with an expansile cough impulse some may be ...
He also described in detail the anatomy of the inguinal and femoral regions of the human body. The lacunar ligament is named ... Antonio de Gimbernat y Arbós (1734-1816). Sociedad Hispanoamericana de Hernia Honoring Don Antonio de Gimbernat. Anatomist and ... He is known for laying the groundwork for modern techniques of inguinal hernia repair. ... In the 220th Anniversary of his A New Method of Operating the Crural Hernia). Clinical Anatomy 26:800-809 Biographical Index of ...
A probable description of the fascia is in the text which discusses femoral (called crural) hernia in the male. Scarpa ... Scarpa's belief that the fascia stops hernias from forming is not thought to be true today. Some anatomists suggest the ... His description of the membranous superficial fascia is vague in his 1809 hernia monograph. Life-size illustrations included by ... describes that "below the skin" we find "a layer of condensed substance forming the second covering of the hernia" which ...
In July 2017, Muça, aged 30, was diagnosed with a tumor mass in the femoral head of his left thigh. At that time he already was ... struggling with hernia. After a surgery in November 2017 and six months of chemotherapy his bone was cleaned up. In October ...
In 1999, he was the first surgeon in the world to perform a femoral-popliteal bypass using only laparoscopic techniques. His ... other work includes appendectomies; hernia repairs; removal of lipomas and haemorrhoids; and treatment of varicose veins using ...
... causing a femoral hernia. Though femoral hernias are rare, their passage through the inflexible femoral ring puts them at ... abdominal end of the femoral canal forms the femoral ring. The femoral canal should not be confused with the nearby adductor ... The femoral canal is the medial (and smallest) compartment of the three compartments of the femoral sheath. It is conical in ... The function of the femoral canal is to accommodate the distension of the femoral vein when venous return from the leg is ...
Barry's thesis was about Femoral hernia, a condition that is much more common in women than men Use of rounded parentheses in ... An inaugural medical dissertation concerning merocele or femoral hernia] (Doctoral thesis) (in Latin). University of Edinburgh ... Barry, James (1812). Disputatio Medica Inaugralis, de Merocele, vel Hernia Crurali [ ...
On another occasion, in 1932 at the age of 70, Kane repaired his own inguinal hernia under local anaesthetic. The hernia had ... This operation is more dangerous than the earlier appendectomy because of the risk of puncturing the femoral artery. The ... However, during his hernia operation he became too drowsy to finish the stitching up so this task and the tattooing fell to ... In 1932 at age 70, he very publicly again performed self-surgery to repair a hernia. Some of Kane's practices were ...
This hernia may occur in a number of anatomical locations, typically in the inguinal region (50%), umbilicus (20%) or femoral ... A Littre hernia is a very rare type of hernia which occurs when a Meckel's diverticulum protrudes through a defect in the ... Sarofim, Mina; Ashrafizadeh, Amir; Kabir, Shahrir (2022-10-27). "A new hernia: Meckel's diverticulum within a parastomal hernia ... "Littre's hernia: a systematic review of the literature". Hernia. 23 (1): 125-130. doi:10.1007/s10029-018-1867-0. ISSN 1248-9204 ...
The lacunar ligament is the only boundary of the femoral canal that can be cut during surgery to release a femoral hernia. Care ... Its base is concave, thin, and sharp, and forms the medial boundary of the femoral ring. Its apex corresponds to the pubic ... The relations of the femoral and abdominal inguinal rings, seen from within the abdomen. Right side. Anterior abdominal wall. ... A New Method of Operating the Crural Hernia''). Clinical Anatomy 26:800-809 Portal: Anatomy (Webarchive template wayback links ...
Femoral hernias are a relatively uncommon type, accounting for only 3% of all hernias. While femoral hernias can occur in both ... Several subtypes of femoral hernia have been described. Femoral hernias, like most other hernias, usually need operative ... This is the most common type of femoral hernia and is usually painless. An irreducible femoral hernia occurs when a femoral ... A reducible femoral hernia occurs when a femoral hernia can be pushed back into the abdominal cavity, either spontaneously or ...
This produces a lump called a hernia. Contact our Nuffield Health experts today and let us help. ... A femoral hernia (like an inguinal hernia) appears in the groin. Femoral hernias happen at the hole in the wall of the abdomen ... Going home after femoral hernia repair. Recovery from hernia repair is usually very quick. You will probably go home the day of ... Bilateral (inguinal) hernia repair. A bilateral hernia is a very common form of hernia that presents itself in the groin area. ...
Find out more about the causes and symptoms of a femoral hernia with Spire Healthcare. ... A femoral hernia is a small, sometimes uncomfortable, lump in the upper groin which can require emergency surgery if it becomes ... Femoral hernias, also called femoroceles, are uncommon. One in 20 abdominal hernias is a femoral hernia. Both men and women can ... Causes of femoral hernias The cause of most femoral hernias is not known. However, you may be born with weakened abdominal ...
Hernia, Musculoskeletal, Neurosurgery, Ophthalmology, Pediatric Surgery, Plastic Surgery, Radiology, Soft Tissue/Sarcoma, ...
... see femoral hernia anatomy and repair, femoral hernia case study, large femoral hernia, and infrainguinal femoral hernia repair ... The caveat is the presence of an aberrant obturator artery running around the rim of the upper end of the femoral canal in 1/4 ... A mesh plug was placed in the femoral canal, and the inguinal ligament and iliopubic tract were approximated to pectineus ... Hernia, Musculoskeletal, Neurosurgery, Ophthalmology, Pediatric Surgery, Plastic Surgery, Radiology, Soft Tissue/Sarcoma, ...
Femoral Hernia A femoral hernia is a rare kind of hernia that is located in the upper part of the inner thigh or groin. This is ... when the hernia blocks off the flow of blood - means that surgery may become necessary. The smallest femoral hernias might not ... If a femoral hernia becomes suddenly and severely symptomatic with major groin or stomach pain, nausea and vomiting, this may ... Surgery to repair a femoral hernia is usually done with the patient under general anesthesia and can be performed via an "open ...
Femoral Hernia A femoral hernia is a rare kind of hernia that is located in the upper part of the inner thigh or groin. This is ... when the hernia blocks off the flow of blood - means that surgery may become necessary. The smallest femoral hernias might not ... If a femoral hernia becomes suddenly and severely symptomatic with major groin or stomach pain, nausea and vomiting, this may ... Surgery to repair a femoral hernia is usually done with the patient under general anesthesia and can be performed via an "open ...
Clinically this appeared to be an incarcerated femoral hernia. She had a history of a prior open left femoral hernia repair two ... Clinically this appeared to be an incarcerated femoral hernia. She had a history of a prior open left femoral hernia repair two ... Clinically this appeared to be an incarcerated femoral hernia. She had a history of a prior open left femoral hernia repair two ... Clinically this appeared to be an incarcerated femoral hernia. She had a history of a prior open left femoral hernia repair two ...
Chances of having a femoral hernia. symptom. A very small hernia may be asymptomatic. The main symptoms are raised in the groin ... Femoral hernia Occurs from the intestines, or a lump of fat that flows down the weakened abdominal wall in the thighs. It is ... ไส้เลื่อนบริเวณต่ำกว่าขาหนีบ femoral hernia ... The doctor will try to push the hernia back to prevent ischemic attacks. can be treated
Femoral Hernia. Im so glad you were able to find a surgeon who repaired your femoral hernia. Are you continuing to feel much ... better? In which part of the country did you have this done? Im trying to find a skilled hernia surgeon near me (eastern PA). ...
FEMORAL Females (4 times more common) Elderly McEvedey operation (incision above inguinal ligament - preferred in emergency ... Femoral Hernia : Mnemonic. Epomedicine Aug 27, 2023 No Comments Gastrointestinal systemSurgery. Last modified: Aug 27, 2023 ... Femoral Hernia : Mnemonic [Internet]. Epomedicine; 2023 Aug 27 [cited 2023 Sep 28]. Available from: https://epomedicine.com/ ... But neck of hernia is always below and lateral to pubic tubercle ... Femoral hernia- rapid review #MedEd #SurgEd #SoMe4Surgery pic. ...
... however femoral hernias occur more commonly in females when co ... Most common hernias in females are Inguinal hernia, ... Abstract: Most common hernias in females are Inguinal hernia, however femoral hernias occur more commonly in females when ... Femoral hernias account for abour 20 % of hernias in women and 5 % in men. Here we present a case of 65 year old female patient ... Strangulated Femoral Hernia in a Female - A Case Report. Dr Ramesh Kumar Korumilli [2] , Dr Jakkula Srikanth [2] , Dr Sri ...
Femoral hernias can be very serious and should not be taken lightly. At Hollywood Diagnostics, we are a leader in the ...
A Guide to Femoral Hernias. June 15, 2022 / Femoral Hernia. Hernias arent named after their causes or their symptoms. Instead ... Hernia Procedures. Menu Toggle. *Inguinal Hernia. Menu Toggle. *Risks Associated With Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Surgery ... Hernia Procedures. Menu Toggle. *Inguinal Hernia. Menu Toggle. *Risks Associated With Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Surgery ... Femoral hernias are more likely to occur in women, whose wider pelvis leaves more space for the tissue to push into the canal. ...
A femoral hernia is a bulge that occurs in the groin area near the leg crease and is similar to an inguinal hernia. It is often ... Commonly the hernia contains a layer of fat.. How does it present?. A femoral hernia usually presents as a painful lump in the ... A femoral hernia is a bulge that occurs in the groin area near the leg crease and is similar to an inguinal hernia. It is often ... In some cases when a patient undergoes a keyhole inguinal hernia repair, a coexisting femoral hernia is identified and can be ...
Intestinal Obstruction due to Bilateral Strangulated Femoral Hernias. teamdmx2021-03-26T04:26:37+05:30 Femoral hernias mostly ... Femoral Hernias: Symptoms, Risk Factors, Surgery Options. teamdmx2021-09-03T13:32:50+05:30 Hernias are a type of growth or ... Femoral Hernias: Symptoms, Risk Factors, Surgery Optionsteamdmx2021-09-03T13:32:50+05:30 ... Intestinal Obstruction due to Bilateral Strangulated Femoral Herniasteamdmx2021-03-26T04:26:37+05:30 ...
... in which intra-abdominal contents herniate under the inguinal ligament and through the femoral ring into the femoral canal. ... A femoral hernia is an uncommon type of groin hernia, ... Femoral Region and Hernias: Anatomy. A femoral hernia Hernia ... Hernias may be internal, external, congenital, or acquired. Abdominal Hernias. The femoral hernia Hernia Protrusion of tissue, ... and femoral hernias. Image by Lecturio.. Ultrasonography of an incarcerated femoral hernia showing the oedematous hernia sac, ...
... an inguinal hernia is the most common type of hernia in men and women; though men experience this condition more. ... Femoral hernia: "Silent killer" hernia in women?. July 16, 2021. Comments Off on Femoral hernia: "Silent killer" hernia in ... Femoral hernias are often confused with inguinal hernias due to their similarities in position, but femoral hernias are a lot ... women who have an inguinal hernia are more likely to have a femoral hernia too. Femoral hernias are known as the "silent" ...
Navigate more to know about femoral hernia treatment methods in London. ... Check through links to know about femoral hernia diagnosis methods. ... Anal Fissure , Incisional Hernia , Inguinal Hernia , Pilonidal Sinus , Rectal Bleeding. Umbilical Hernia , Ventral Hernia , ... Femoral Hernia UK Mr Abhay Chopada. Home , Feedback , Disclaimer , Privacy , Tell a friend , Sitemap , Contact Us. ...
Femoral Hernia. A femoral hernia occurs when a loop of intestine or fatty tissue pokes through a weak spot in your groin at the ... top of your inner thigh into an area called the femoral canal. ...
Hernia: Femoral. 7340 Hiatal. 7346 Inguinal. 7338 Muscle. 5326 Ventral. 7339 Heterotopic ossification. 5023 ...
open repair of femoral hernias. Methods: The International Hernia Mesh Registry was queried for femoral hernia repairs. ... open repair of femoral hernias. Methods: The International Hernia Mesh Registry was queried for femoral hernia repairs. ... open repair of femoral hernias. Methods: The International Hernia Mesh Registry was queried for femoral hernia repairs. ... open repair of femoral hernias. Methods: The International Hernia Mesh Registry was queried for femoral hernia repairs. ...
Preoperative examinations may not be able to detect coexisting inguinal hernias. However, laparoscopic surgery can identify ... these subclinical hernias and repair them appropriately. We r ... Bilateral concomitant inguinal and femoral hernias are very ... Bilateral concomitant inguinal and femoral hernias are very rare. Preoperative examinations may not be able to detect ... We report about the use of laparoscopic surgery to repair coexisting bilateral inguinal and femoral hernias. ...
Learn about hiatal hernia, treatment, diagnosis, pregnancy, and more. ... A hernia occurs when an organ pushes through the muscle or tissue that holds it in place. ... A femoral hernia will appear as a bulge near the groin or thigh. Well teach you about causes, severe symptoms that mean you ... Inguinal hernia. Inguinal hernias are the most common type of hernia. They occur when the intestines push through a weak spot ...
Hernia Procedures. *femoral hernia. *inguinal hernia. *laparoscopic hernia repair *paraesophageal hernia. *umbilical hernia ...
An incarcerated femoral hernia was noticed intraoperatively, and the hernial sac, closely fused with femoral blood vessels, ... The presence of appendicitis in an incarcerated femoral hernia is an extremely rare occurrence, known as De Garengeots hernia ...
Femoral hernias are less common than inguinal hernias. The incidence of femoral hernias has been reported to be 2%-8% in adults ... Background: Femoral hernias are less common than inguinal hernias. The use of preformed mesh to repair femoral hernias without ... A femoral hernia has the greatest associated risk of incarceration and strangulation of all groin hernias, and in our series ... For irreducible hernias, the femoral ring was enlarged by partially sliting the inguinal ligament. The femoral vein and artery ...
Our surgeons offer advanced treatment at the Comprehensive Hernia Center and many other locations throughout Northeast Ohio. ... Find the treatment needed for your hernia condition at University Hospitals. ... Thigh (Femoral) Hernias. *Umbilical Hernias. *Ventral Hernias. Robotic Surgery for Hernia Repair. The hernia surgeons at UH ... University Hospitals Surgeons Offer Advanced Hernia Treatment. The most common type of hernia occurs when there is a tear or ...
... abdominal wall hernias are among the most common of all surgical problems. They are a leading cause of work loss and disability ... Femoral hernia. A femoral hernia follows the tract below the inguinal ligament through the femoral canal. The canal lies medial ... A femoral hernia most often occurs in the most medial compartment. The femoral canal is bounded laterally by the femoral vein. ... Richter hernias present late in life, most often in women with femoral hernias. Littre hernias have a much broader spectrum of ...
  • Your surgeon will discuss all the options with you and together a decision will be made on which type of hernia repair will suit you best. (manchestersurgicalclinic.com)
  • Inguinal hernias are the most common type of hernia. (healthline.com)
  • This type of hernia is most common in people over 50 years old. (healthline.com)
  • The most common type of hernia occurs when there is a tear or weakness in the abdominal wall muscles and an organ (most often the intestines) or body fat may push out of its normal place in the abdomen. (uhhospitals.org)
  • This type of hernia is more common in women. (baptisthealth.net)
  • A type of hernia where part of the stomach becomes herniated in the chest area. (baptisthealth.net)
  • Prospective data collection of age, gender, ASA status, occupation of patient, type of hernia found during the operation, complications, and operative time of the procedure were recorded. (sages.org)
  • This type of hernia may develop many years after surgery. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This weakness may be inherent, as in the case of inguinal, femoral and umbilical hernias. (wikipedia.org)
  • Umbilical hernias can affect children and babies. (healthline.com)
  • Adults can also have umbilical hernias. (healthline.com)
  • Discover additional details about umbilical hernias. (healthline.com)
  • Most hernias in kids are either inguinal hernias in the groin area or umbilical hernias in the belly-button area. (kidshealth.org)
  • Most inguinal, femoral and umbilical hernias can be repaired under local or regional anesthesia. (uclahealth.org)
  • Umbilical hernias occur around the navel (umbilicus). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Some types of hernia, such as hiatal hernias, can have more specific symptoms. (healthline.com)
  • The hernia surgeons at UH sometimes use robotic surgery technology for repairing certain types of hernia, including inguinal, paraesophageal and ventral hernias, as well as hernia revision surgery and complex mesh removal. (uhhospitals.org)
  • Common types of hernia are inguinal (inner groin), femoral (outer groin), and umbilical (belly button). (intermountainhealthcare.org)
  • Q. Can all types of hernia be repaired laparoscopically? (uclahealth.org)
  • Femoral hernias typically present as a groin lump or bulge, which may differ in size during the day, based on internal pressure variations of the intestine. (wikipedia.org)
  • The smallest femoral hernias might not be detectable to the eye, but others will produce a bulge on the upper leg, near the hip. (adventhealth.com)
  • A femoral hernia is a bulge that occurs in the groin area near the leg crease and is similar to an inguinal hernia. (manchestersurgicalclinic.com)
  • Physical examination is the first line of diagnosis to test the external femoral bulge. (femoralhernia.co.uk)
  • The most common symptom of a hernia is a bulge or lump in the affected area. (healthline.com)
  • This bulge or protrusion is generally known as a hernia. (uhhospitals.org)
  • This condition - known as a hernia - is noticeable as a bulge or lump in your belly or groin and can be painful. (shouselaw.com)
  • If you have a hernia in the stomach or groin, you might see a noticeable lump or bulge. (baystatehealth.org)
  • An abdominal wall hernia causes a noticeable bulge but little discomfort. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Strangulation can occur in all hernias, but is more common in femoral and inguinal hernias due to their narrow "weaknesses" in the abdominal wall. (wikipedia.org)
  • The incidence of strangulation in femoral hernias is high. (wikipedia.org)
  • While the majority of these hernias are symptomless, the possibility of strangulation - when the hernia blocks off the flow of blood - means that surgery may become necessary. (adventhealth.com)
  • If a femoral hernia becomes suddenly and severely symptomatic with major groin or stomach pain, nausea and vomiting, this may indicate that a complication called strangulation is occurring and immediate medical help should be sought. (adventhealth.com)
  • If irreducible, this will require an emergency operation due to possible strangulation of fat or bowel (incarcerated or strangulated hernia). (manchestersurgicalclinic.com)
  • About 35-40% of femoral hernias do not receive a diagnosis till the patient experiences hernia strangulation. (drganesh.sg)
  • Because of the possibility of strangulation, an incarcerated, painful or tender hernia usually requires an emergency operation, but in this series, all patients underwent elective operations performed by the same surgical team. (canjsurg.ca)
  • Hernia causes pain and discomfort & can cause dangerous complications such as intestinal obstruction, strangulation (hampering of blood supply), and gangrene (tissue death) which are life-threatening conditions. (maxhealthcare.in)
  • Rarely, the hernia traps the intestine so tightly that it cuts off the blood supply, a condition called strangulation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • For all types of surgery there is always a risk of wound infection and a 1-2% risk of recurrence of the hernia. (manchestersurgicalclinic.com)
  • In the setting where recurrence and complication rates are equal after femoral hernia repair for either approach, surgeons should perform the technique with which they are most confident, as the operative approach does not appear to change QOL outcomes after femoral hernia repair. (usuhs.edu)
  • 3 Advantages of a tension-free technique include the ability to provide ambulatory care with local/regional anesthesia for several types of hernias, minimal postoperative pain, low complication and recurrence rates, and minimal restriction of activity after surgery. (canjsurg.ca)
  • 7 - 11 In 2004, we adopted a new tension-free herniorrhaphy technique using a Prolene 3-dimentional (3-D) patch device through a femoris approach to prevent femoral hernia recurrence, and our preliminary results have been encouraging. (canjsurg.ca)
  • The problem was that two large studies in Germany and Denmark found higher rates of hernia recurrence and re-operation compared to similar hernia patches. (schmidtlaw.com)
  • A minimally-invasive surgery is the best treatment for ventral hernias, which should be repaired once discovered before they worsen. (nychernia.com)
  • Ventral hernias can also occur at the site of a surgical incision. (healthline.com)
  • Continue reading about ventral hernias. (healthline.com)
  • A femoral hernia is a rare kind of hernia that is located in the upper part of the inner thigh or groin. (adventhealth.com)
  • A weak point in the muscle tissue of the groin or inner thigh opens and allows abdominal fat or a piece of the intestine to poke through the muscle and into an empty space in the hip and top of the thigh called the femoral canal. (nychernia.com)
  • A lump in the groin or inner thigh indicates the presence of a hernia as tissue bulges through the hole. (nychernia.com)
  • Hernia can cause severe discomfort in the abdomen, thigh, and pelvic region. (drabhijitgotkhinde.com)
  • The femoral triangle is located on the medial aspect of the anterior thigh Thigh The thigh is the region of the lower limb found between the hip and the knee joint. (lecturio.com)
  • The femoral canal is located around the upper part of the thigh. (drganesh.sg)
  • Many hernias occur in the abdomen between your chest and hips, but they can also appear in the upper thigh and groin areas. (healthline.com)
  • For example, in the case of an inguinal hernia, you may notice a lump on either side of your pubic bone where your groin and thigh meet. (healthline.com)
  • A femoral hernia may develop just below the crease of the groin in the middle of the thigh where the femoral artery and vein enter the leg. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Although uncommon, femoral hernias are frequently associated with complications, secondary to the small size of the canal, leading to hernia Hernia Protrusion of tissue, structure, or part of an organ through the bone, muscular tissue, or the membrane by which it is normally contained. (lecturio.com)
  • Doctors may suggest watchful waiting for complications or surgery to repair the hernia, depending on severity. (healthline.com)
  • The presence of appendicitis in an incarcerated femoral hernia is an extremely rare occurrence, known as De Garengeot's hernia, with potentially serious complications. (uwi.edu)
  • It is necessary to see a lawyer, however, if you have experienced complications or suffered injuries after surgery to repair a hernia. (shouselaw.com)
  • A femoral hernia may be either reducible or irreducible, and each type can also present as obstructed and/or strangulated. (wikipedia.org)
  • An irreducible femoral hernia occurs when a femoral hernia cannot be completely reduced, typically due to adhesions between the hernia and the hernial sac. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example: "Sometimes the hernia can get stuck in the canal and is called an irreducible or incarcerated femoral hernia. (wikipedia.org)
  • The term incarcerated is sometimes used to describe an [obstructed] hernia that is irreducible but not strangulated. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, an irreducible, obstructed hernia can also be called an incarcerated one. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, the term incarcerated seems to always imply that the femoral hernia is at least irreducible. (wikipedia.org)
  • A tender irreducible femoral hernia is treated as an emergency with surgical repair recommended as soon as possible. (manchestersurgicalclinic.com)
  • For irreducible hernias, the femoral ring was enlarged by partially sliting the inguinal ligament. (canjsurg.ca)
  • Hiatal hernias almost always cause gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) . (healthline.com)
  • Acid reflux, chest pain, and a burning sensation may also accompany hiatal hernias, she says. (baptisthealth.net)
  • Other types of hernias - like hiatal hernias, femoral hernias, and incisional hernias - usually happen in older people, not kids. (kidshealth.org)
  • Incisional hernias sometimes form through a surgical incision in the abdominal wall. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A hernia is caused by the protrusion of a viscus (in the case of groin hernias, an intra-abdominal organ) through a weakness in the abdominal wall. (wikipedia.org)
  • A femoral hernia Hernia Protrusion of tissue, structure, or part of an organ through the bone, muscular tissue, or the membrane by which it is normally contained. (lecturio.com)
  • When tissue from your body bulges from your abdomen or another organ - that protrusion is called a hernia, according to Jorge Rabaza , M.D. , a general surgeon and a member of the Baptist Health Medical Group. (baptisthealth.net)
  • Inguinal Hernia in Children A hernia is a protrusion of a piece of the intestine through an abnormal opening in the abdominal wall. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A hernia can be dangerous because the intestines or other structures within the abdomen can get trapped and have their blood supply cut off (strangulated hernia). (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • An incarcerated hernia occurs when an organ - usually the intestines - also protrudes through the bulging tissue and cannot return back to the abdomen. (baptisthealth.net)
  • An inguinal hernia happens when part of the intestines pushes through an opening in the lower part of the abdomen called the inguinal (IN-gwuh-nul) canal. (kidshealth.org)
  • An umbilical hernia happens when part of a child's intestines bulges through the abdominal wall inside the belly button. (kidshealth.org)
  • An epigastric hernia is when part of the intestines pushes through the abdominal muscles between the belly button and the chest. (kidshealth.org)
  • These hernias occur when the intestines or other tissue push through the muscle near the belly button. (shouselaw.com)
  • Hernias occur when an organ, intestines, or fatty tissue squeezes through a hole or weak spot in a muscle. (schmidtlaw.com)
  • Femoral hernias occur just below the inguinal ligament, when abdominal contents pass through a naturally occurring weakness in the abdominal wall called the femoral canal. (wikipedia.org)
  • The femoral canal is located below the inguinal ligament on the lateral aspect of the pubic tubercle. (wikipedia.org)
  • The function of this canal appears to be to allow the femoral vein to expand when necessary to accommodate increased venous return from the leg during periods of activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • A femoral hernia develops when fatty tissue or part of your intestine bulges through a weakness in the muscle of your abdominal wall, specifically in an area that lies just below and either side of your groin called the femoral canal. (spirehealthcare.com)
  • The femoral canal contains lymphatic vessels and a lymph node. (spirehealthcare.com)
  • The caveat is the presence of an aberrant obturator artery running around the rim of the upper end of the femoral canal in 1/4 to 1/3 of individuals. (vesalius.com)
  • A mesh plug was placed in the femoral canal, and the inguinal ligament and iliopubic tract were approximated to pectineus fascia. (vesalius.com)
  • This is what happens when a weak spot in the femoral canal allows a section of tissue to push through it. (adventhealth.com)
  • Femoral hernias are more likely to occur in women, whose wider pelvis leaves more space for the tissue to push into the canal. (nychernia.com)
  • Some people are born with a minor, otherwise-harmless birth defect where the tissues around the femoral canal are weaker than they should be. (nychernia.com)
  • During pregnancy women put weight on around their hips and upper legs, which stretches the femoral canal and can result in a hernia. (manchestersurgicalclinic.com)
  • The femoral ring is the proximal or abdominal/pelvic opening of the femoral canal. (lecturio.com)
  • The femoral canal is a cylindrical space, making up the medial compartment enclosed within the femoral sheath. (lecturio.com)
  • A femoral hernia, also known as a femorocele, occurs when a portion of tissue pushes through a weak spot in the groin or femoral canal. (drganesh.sg)
  • You may just be born with a weaker femoral canal, or the area grew weaker as you aged. (drganesh.sg)
  • Inguinal hernias are more common in men because the testicles descend through the inguinal canal shortly after birth. (healthline.com)
  • When the retention suture is pulled tightly, the inferior 3-D device will extend to form a round patch with a maximum diameter of 5 cm, which will protect the femoral area and prevent organs in the abdominal cavity from dropping into the femoral canal. (canjsurg.ca)
  • Once the hernia sac was ligated or replaced, the inferior part of the Prolene 3-D patch was inserted into the preperitoneal space from the outlet of the femoral canal. (canjsurg.ca)
  • An inguinal hernia occurs when your intestine protrudes through the muscle lining the lower belly into the inguinal canal. (shouselaw.com)
  • Femoral hernias appear in older women and are hernias that protrude through the lower belly and into the femoral canal. (shouselaw.com)
  • It's named after the laparoscope, a small tube with a light and camera, that allows the surgeon to re-open the weakened tissue, move the hernia back into place, and re-seal the muscle wall with a surgical mesh to reinforce it. (nychernia.com)
  • The femoral sheath is a fascia Fascia Layers of connective tissue of variable thickness. (lecturio.com)
  • Surgery for a strangulated hernia involves gently applying pressure to the hernia and releasing trapped tissue back into place. (drganesh.sg)
  • A hernia occurs when an organ pushes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place. (healthline.com)
  • A ventral hernia happens when tissue bulges through an opening in the muscles of your abdomen. (healthline.com)
  • The surgeon made a longitudinal incision of about 3 cm through the skin and subcutaneous tissue to expose the hernia sac. (canjsurg.ca)
  • Hernias are caused when an organ squeezes through a tear or weak spot in the tissue that surrounds it. (virtua.org)
  • Hernia repair surgery involves returning the organ to its proper place and fixing the tears in the surrounding tissue. (virtua.org)
  • Hernias happen when part of an organ or tissue in the body (such as a loop of intestine) pushes through an opening or weak spot in a muscle wall. (kidshealth.org)
  • Hernias occur when the muscle weakens or tears, sometimes an organ or other tissue can push through the muscle. (shouselaw.com)
  • Like all other hernias, it happens when tissue pushes through weak or torn muscle. (shouselaw.com)
  • A hernia happens when an internal organ pushes through a weak spot in supporting muscle or tissue. (baystatehealth.org)
  • The lump is more globular than the pear-shaped lump of the inguinal hernia. (wikipedia.org)
  • This produces a lump called a hernia. (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • A femoral hernia is a small, sometimes uncomfortable, lump in the upper groin that can need emergency surgery if it becomes blocked. (spirehealthcare.com)
  • The protruding lump caused by a femoral hernia can usually be pushed back quite easily. (spirehealthcare.com)
  • Tenderness and pain in the area are common symptoms, and if the lump disappears when the patient lies down, it's likely to be a hernia rather than a skin condition. (nychernia.com)
  • A femoral hernia usually presents as a painful lump in the crease of the leg. (manchestersurgicalclinic.com)
  • Femoral hernias happen at the hole in the wall of the abdomen where the femoral artery and vein pass from the abdomen into the leg. (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • Femoral hernias appear in the seam where the leg meets the lower abdomen. (nychernia.com)
  • A camera and small surgical instruments are then inserted into the abdomen (or as far as the abdominal walls allow) to move the hernia sac into place. (drganesh.sg)
  • If the hernia cannot be detected with physical examination, your doctor may order ultrasound of the abdomen or groin. (femoralhernia.co.uk)
  • When fat pushes through the space between the upper abdomen and the lower breastbone, an epigastric hernia results. (shouselaw.com)
  • An incisional hernia can occur after surgery that involves an incision in the abdomen area. (shouselaw.com)
  • Hernias can happen anywhere in the body, but most occur within the abdomen (belly), between the chest and hips. (baystatehealth.org)
  • Hernias aren't named after their causes or their symptoms. (nychernia.com)
  • Femoral hernias are known as the "silent" hernia because they don't usually cause symptoms and are more likely to "pinch" a part of the bowel without you knowing. (drganesh.sg)
  • What are the symptoms of a femoral hernia? (drganesh.sg)
  • Most small and moderate-sized femoral hernias do not present any symptoms. (drganesh.sg)
  • Please seek medical attention immediately if you experience sudden groin pain with severe stomach pain and/or nausea and vomiting - these symptoms could signify that you have a strangulated hernia, which can put your life in danger. (drganesh.sg)
  • In many cases, hernias have no symptoms. (healthline.com)
  • Many epigastric (eh-pih-GAS-trik) hernias are small, cause no symptoms, and don't need treatment. (kidshealth.org)
  • Hernias that limit activity or cause symptoms should be repaired. (uclahealth.org)
  • Most hernias will increase in size over time and may cause symptoms. (uclahealth.org)
  • In the absence of competing medical problems, most hernias are recommended to be fixed in the elective setting to address symptoms and prevent future complication. (uclahealth.org)
  • Patients need emergency surgery if they have an incarcerated or strangulated hernia. (baptisthealth.net)
  • It is bounded by the inguinal ligament anteriorly, pectineal ligament posteriorly, lacunar ligament medially, and the femoral vein laterally. (wikipedia.org)
  • More common in adults than in children, femoral hernias usually present with swelling Swelling Inflammation that protrudes into the femoral triangle (inferiorly to the inguinal ligament and medial to the femoral vein). (lecturio.com)
  • The femoral vein and artery should be carefully protected during the operation. (canjsurg.ca)
  • But mesh implants have caused injuries, and when they do, patients can file a lawsuit over the failed hernia mesh surgery . (shouselaw.com)
  • An inguinal hernia occurs in the groin (the inguinal area). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Hernias may be detected on routine physical examination, or patients with hernias may present because of a complication associated with the hernia. (medscape.com)
  • systemic fever (>38°C) Diagnosis of SSI by a clinician or radiological imaging Reoperation will be defined as any surgical complication requiring reoperation in theatre within 90 days of inguinal hernia repair. (who.int)
  • In laparoscopic surgery for hernia, a synthetic mesh is always used. (drganesh.sg)
  • Femoral hernias in women are usually treated with laparoscopic surgery including the use of a mesh. (drganesh.sg)
  • As it is, women already have a higher risk of developing another hernia - henceforth the mesh to prevent another reoccurrence. (drganesh.sg)
  • Methods: The International Hernia Mesh Registry was queried for femoral hernia repairs. (usuhs.edu)
  • The use of preformed mesh to repair femoral hernias without tension has become increasingly common. (canjsurg.ca)
  • 1 , 2 The use of preformed mesh to repair inguinal hernias without tension has become increasingly common since it was described by Lichstenstein and colleagues. (canjsurg.ca)
  • The prostheses mainly include mesh, mesh plugs and the Prolene Hernia System (PHS). (canjsurg.ca)
  • Open Tension-free Hernia Repair: A prosthesis such as polypropylene mesh is introduced from outside to cover the defect. (maxhealthcare.in)
  • Laparoscopic Hernia Repair: A prosthesis such as polypropylene mesh is used to cover the defect through the abdominal cavity. (maxhealthcare.in)
  • The hernia was repaired in the usual manner with a Marlex mesh. (ispub.com)
  • To repair a hernia, surgery - usually using mesh implants - is required. (shouselaw.com)
  • To repair a hernia, surgery - usually using mesh implants - is required, but mesh implants have caused injuries, and when they do, patients are entitled to a lawsuit for compensation. (shouselaw.com)
  • Lawsuits have been filed by thousands of people who were injured by hernia mesh patches and plugs. (schmidtlaw.com)
  • The Schmidt Firm, PLLC is currently accepting hernia mesh induced injury cases in all 50 states. (schmidtlaw.com)
  • Atrium Medical Corporation is facing more than 15 lawsuits involving C-QUR Hernia Mesh , which is coated in Omega-3 fatty acid (fish oil). (schmidtlaw.com)
  • In July 2013, Atrium recalled most of their C-QUR Hernia Mesh implants because high humidity could cause the fish oil gel coating to peel off and stick to the inside of the package. (schmidtlaw.com)
  • In June 2010, another Class I recall was issued for counterfeit hernia mesh sold under the C.R. Bard or Davol brand-name. (schmidtlaw.com)
  • In 2010, Christopher Thorpe was awarded $1.5 million after he suffered severe internal injuries when his hernia mesh patch broke inside his body. (schmidtlaw.com)
  • In 2011, C.R. Bard paid a $184 million settlement to resolve over 3,000 hernia mesh lawsuits. (schmidtlaw.com)
  • What happens during femoral hernia repair surgery? (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • Surgery to repair a femoral hernia is usually done with the patient under general anesthesia and can be performed via an "open" procedure or via minimally invasive laparoscopy. (adventhealth.com)
  • can be treated as an outpatient Surgery is based on laparoscopic hernia surgery. (jia1669.com)
  • In the non-urgent setting, a femoral hernia can be repaired by open surgery or "Keyhole" laparoscopic surgery, In some cases when a patient undergoes a keyhole inguinal hernia repair, a coexisting femoral hernia is identified and can be repaired at the same time. (manchestersurgicalclinic.com)
  • I don't always recommend open surgery in women, as their risk of developing another hernia after is greater. (drganesh.sg)
  • Umbilical hernia Singapore: Does my child need surgery? (drganesh.sg)
  • However, laparoscopic surgery can identify these subclinical hernias and repair them appropriately. (authorea.com)
  • We report about the use of laparoscopic surgery to repair coexisting bilateral inguinal and femoral hernias. (authorea.com)
  • If the hernia hasn't gone away by 5 years of age, surgery can be performed to correct it. (healthline.com)
  • 3 - 6 Therefore, tension-free repair for femoral hernias has become generally accepted in hernia surgery. (canjsurg.ca)
  • Our team utilizes the da Vinci robotic surgery system to deliver expert hernia repair. (uhhospitals.org)
  • Surgery is recommended when a patient has a symptomatic hernia. (baptisthealth.net)
  • Hernias can be repaired through traditional open surgery or laparoscopic surgery. (baptisthealth.net)
  • Hernia surgery used result in a slow, painful, difficult recovery. (virtua.org)
  • Thanks to innovations in robotic and minimally invasive approaches, surgeons are able to perform hernia repair surgery through tiny incisions rather than the large incisions associated with traditional open surgery. (virtua.org)
  • Common locations for hernias include the groin, belly button, and previous surgery scars. (virtua.org)
  • Why is robotic hernia surgery a better option? (virtua.org)
  • Robotic hernia surgery can benefit almost anyone. (virtua.org)
  • This includes first-time hernia repair patients and people who need hernia revision surgery. (virtua.org)
  • Many of our hernia revision patients are especially pleased when they experience the benefits of robotic surgery. (virtua.org)
  • With such advanced technology, there's no reason to put off hernia surgery. (virtua.org)
  • Why is hernia surgery required? (maxhealthcare.in)
  • If I do not go for hernia surgery, then can it cause any harm? (maxhealthcare.in)
  • Doctors fix inguinal hernias with surgery. (kidshealth.org)
  • If a hernia doesn't go away by then or causes problems, doctors may recommend surgery. (kidshealth.org)
  • Q. Do all hernias require surgery? (uclahealth.org)
  • Small, asymptomatic hernias may be safely watched but will not go away without surgery. (uclahealth.org)
  • Q. What is the typical recovery after inguinal hernia surgery? (uclahealth.org)
  • A. Surgery remains the only way to repair a hernia. (uclahealth.org)
  • A. With inguinal hernias, if a patient has had a prior lower open abdominal operation (prostate surgery, cesarean section, colon surgery), the scarring may preclude laparoscopic repair. (uclahealth.org)
  • Baystate Health offers comprehensive hernia treatment, from simple to complex, including minimally invasive and robotic surgery techniques. (baystatehealth.org)
  • Our specialized team of general and plastic surgeons are the "last line of defense" for the most serious hernia cases, offering the only complex abdominal wall (muscles around the belly) reconstruction surgery in the region. (baystatehealth.org)
  • If you notice the signs of a hernia, talk to your primary care provider about a referral to Baystate General Surgery. (baystatehealth.org)
  • Treatment involves surgery to repair the hernia. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Quality of life at one year after surgery (using the Hernia-Q questionnaire) (The Hernia-Q is a validated patient reported outcome to assess hernia-specific quality of life in patients undergoing hernia operation. (who.int)
  • The presence of the appendix within a femoral hernia was first described by the French surgeon Rene De Garengeot in 17311 and in modern surgical literature this clinical entity is often referred to as a De Garengeot hernia (DGH). (nzma.org.nz)
  • This is called an incisional hernia and can result from surgical scarring or weakness of the abdominal muscles at the surgical site. (healthline.com)
  • With this technology, our surgeons manipulate a set of advanced surgical tools through just a few tiny incisions with greater precision and range of motion than with traditional open hernia repair. (uhhospitals.org)
  • Abdominal wall hernias are among the most common of all surgical problems. (medscape.com)
  • In fact, 90% of our surgical hernia repair patients go home the same day. (virtua.org)
  • A. Modern surgical techniques including the open "tension-free" Lichtenstein repair and laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair have led to rapid recovery. (uclahealth.org)
  • Femoral hernias are a relatively uncommon type, accounting for only 3% of all hernias. (wikipedia.org)
  • A femoral hernia containing the appendix is uncommon and is typically an incidental intraoperative finding occurring in 0.5 to 3% of all femoral hernias.3 Appendicitis within a femoral is rare with approximately 100 cases described within the literature. (nzma.org.nz)
  • The good news is femoral hernias are pretty uncommon and account for fewer than 3% of all hernias. (drganesh.sg)
  • The presence of cancer in a hernia sac is uncommon. (ispub.com)
  • A. There is always a risk that an untreated hernia may lead to incarceration where the abdominal contents entering the hernia become stuck. (uclahealth.org)
  • Sometimes, a loop of intestine or a piece of fat becomes stuck in the hernia, a condition called incarceration. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A hiatal hernia occurs when part of your stomach protrudes up through the diaphragm into your chest cavity. (healthline.com)
  • A hiatal hernia happens when a person's stomach protrudes through an opening in the diaphragm (the hiatus) into the chest cavity. (shouselaw.com)
  • Rather than insert small tools, the surgeon opens an incision over the hernia or lower stomach just over an inch long. (nychernia.com)
  • It's important to know the signs of a hernia so your child gets the right medical care. (kidshealth.org)
  • A hernia can be described as reducible if the contents within the sac can be pushed back through the defect into the peritoneal cavity, whereas with an incarcerated hernia, the contents are stuck in the hernia sac. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are several different types of hernias . (healthline.com)
  • There are different types of hernias, and each needs different levels of medical care. (kidshealth.org)
  • There are a number of different types of hernias based on location and cause. (shouselaw.com)
  • The cough impulse is often absent and is not relied on solely when making a diagnosis of femoral hernia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Based on our clinical findings and sonological studies, a diagnosis of strangulated femoral hernia was made. (ijsr.net)
  • If you suspect you have a femoral hernia, talk to your doctor right away for proper diagnosis and treatment . (nychernia.com)
  • Q. What is the difference between laparoscopic and open hernia repair? (uclahealth.org)
  • How long does a strangulated hernia operation take? (drganesh.sg)
  • Global Healthcare Hernia Repair Devices Market Report 2022 comes with the extensive industry analysis by Introspective Market Research with development components, patterns, flows and sizes. (bharatbook.com)
  • The report also calculates present and past market values to forecast potential market management through the forecast period between 2022-2028.This research study of Healthcare Hernia Repair Devices involved the extensive usage of both primary and secondary data sources. (bharatbook.com)
  • An abdominal wall hernia is an opening or area of weakness in the abdominal wall through which abdominal contents can protrude. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It involves two parts: an opening in the abdominal wall, and a hernia sac consisting of PERITONEUM and abdominal contents. (bvsalud.org)
  • 4% were femoral and Spigelian hernia. (sages.org)
  • An epigastric hernia occurs more often in men than women. (shouselaw.com)
  • At the Comprehensive Hernia Center at University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and several of our medical centers across Northeast Ohio, our nationally and internationally recognized surgeons are skilled in a number of different methods for optimal hernia repair, such as laparoscopic herniorrhaphy . (uhhospitals.org)
  • Today, general surgeons apply the same technology to other types of procedures, including hernia repair. (virtua.org)
  • This folded edge is called the shelving edge and is important for surgeons in hernia repairs. (medscape.com)
  • Depending on its cause, a hernia can develop quickly or over a long period of time. (healthline.com)
  • Heavy lifting or straining may make a hernia more obvious but does not cause a hernia to form. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A life-threatening situation can develop when the incarcerated hernia becomes a strangulated hernia by cutting the blood supply from the affected organ. (baptisthealth.net)
  • Then, part of a nearby organ can push into the weak spot so that it bulges and becomes a hernia. (kidshealth.org)
  • Femoral hernias account for only 4% of groin hernias and are five times more common in females.2 They typically present as a painful swelling below the inguinal ligament and often contain preperitoneal fat or omentum. (nzma.org.nz)
  • Femoral hernias are often confused with inguinal hernias due to their similarities in position, but femoral hernias are a lot more painful. (drganesh.sg)
  • The hernia isn't painful and most don't cause any problems. (kidshealth.org)
  • abstract = "Background: Due to their relative scarcity and to limit single-center bias, multi-center data are needed to study femoral hernias. (usuhs.edu)
  • It's appropriate for the most common to the most complex hernia procedures. (virtua.org)
  • Most common hernias in females are Inguinal hernia, however femoral hernias occur more commonly in females when compared to their male counterparts. (ijsr.net)
  • Many of my patients with hernias are well past their 40s and 50s. (drganesh.sg)
  • In 1785, Hevin was credited with being the first surgeon to perform an appendicectomy for appendicitis within a femoral hernia. (nzma.org.nz)
  • I'm so glad you were able to find a surgeon who repaired your femoral hernia. (herniatalk.com)
  • I'm trying to find a skilled hernia surgeon near me (eastern PA). (herniatalk.com)
  • Knowledge of these hernias (usual and unusual) and of protrusions that mimic them is an essential component of the armamentarium of the general and pediatric surgeon. (medscape.com)
  • My aim is to present the learning curve of total extraperitoneal groin hernia repair in a prospective registry of 462 cases by a single surgeon over 9 years. (sages.org)
  • While femoral hernias can occur in both males and females, almost all develop in women due to the increased width of the female pelvis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because the female pelvis is wider than the male pelvis, women are 10 times more likely than men to develop a femoral hernia. (drganesh.sg)