An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults.
Protrusion of tissue, structure, or part of an organ through the bone, muscular tissue, or the membrane by which it is normally contained. Hernia may involve tissues such as the ABDOMINAL WALL or the respiratory DIAPHRAGM. Hernias may be internal, external, congenital, or acquired.
Protrusion of abdominal structures into the THORAX as a result of congenital or traumatic defects in the respiratory DIAPHRAGM.
A hernia caused by weakness of the anterior ABDOMINAL WALL due to midline defects, previous incisions, or increased intra-abdominal pressure. Ventral hernias include UMBILICAL HERNIA, incisional, epigastric, and spigelian hernias.
A protrusion of abdominal structures through the retaining ABDOMINAL WALL. It involves two parts: an opening in the abdominal wall, and a hernia sac consisting of PERITONEUM and abdominal contents. Abdominal hernias include groin hernia (HERNIA, FEMORAL; HERNIA, INGUINAL) and VENTRAL HERNIA.
STOMACH herniation located at or near the diaphragmatic opening for the ESOPHAGUS, the esophageal hiatus.
A groin hernia occurring inferior to the inguinal ligament and medial to the FEMORAL VEIN and FEMORAL ARTERY. The femoral hernia sac has a small neck but may enlarge considerably when it enters the subcutaneous tissue of the thigh. It is caused by defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL.
A HERNIA due to an imperfect closure or weakness of the umbilical ring. It appears as a skin-covered protrusion at the UMBILICUS during crying, coughing, or straining. The hernia generally consists of OMENTUM or SMALL INTESTINE. The vast majority of umbilical hernias are congenital but can be acquired due to severe abdominal distention.
Surgical procedures undertaken to repair abnormal openings through which tissue or parts of organs can protrude or are already protruding.
Any woven or knit material of open texture used in surgery for the repair, reconstruction, or substitution of tissue. The mesh is usually a synthetic fabric made of various polymers. It is occasionally made of metal.
The type of DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA caused by TRAUMA or injury, usually to the ABDOMEN.
A pelvic hernia through the obturator foramen, a large aperture in the hip bone normally covered by a membrane. Obturator hernia can lead to intestinal incarceration and INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION.
Propylene or propene polymers. Thermoplastics that can be extruded into fibers, films or solid forms. They are used as a copolymer in plastics, especially polyethylene. The fibers are used for fabrics, filters and surgical sutures.
A procedure in which a laparoscope (LAPAROSCOPES) is inserted through a small incision near the navel to examine the abdominal and pelvic organs in the PERITONEAL CAVITY. If appropriate, biopsy or surgery can be performed during laparoscopy.
The outer margins of the ABDOMEN, extending from the osteocartilaginous thoracic cage to the PELVIS. Though its major part is muscular, the abdominal wall consists of at least seven layers: the SKIN, subcutaneous fat, deep FASCIA; ABDOMINAL MUSCLES, transversalis fascia, extraperitoneal fat, and the parietal PERITONEUM.
Layers of connective tissue of variable thickness. The superficial fascia is found immediately below the skin; the deep fascia invests MUSCLES, nerves, and other organs.
Techniques for securing together the edges of a wound, with loops of thread or similar materials (SUTURES).
Materials used in closing a surgical or traumatic wound. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.
Incision into the side of the abdomen between the ribs and pelvis.
Artificial openings created by a surgeon for therapeutic reasons. Most often this refers to openings from the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT through the ABDOMINAL WALL to the outside of the body. It can also refer to the two ends of a surgical anastomosis.
The external junctural region between the lower part of the abdomen and the thigh.
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.
The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.
A blocking of nerve conduction to a specific area by an injection of an anesthetic agent.
A long flat muscle that extends along the whole length of both sides of the abdomen. It flexes the vertebral column, particularly the lumbar portion; it also tenses the anterior abdominal wall and assists in compressing the abdominal contents. It is frequently the site of hematomas. In reconstructive surgery it is often used for the creation of myocutaneous flaps. (From Gray's Anatomy, 30th American ed, p491)
Surgery performed on an outpatient basis. It may be hospital-based or performed in an office or surgicenter.
Pain during the period after surgery.
A fibromuscular band that attaches to the UTERUS and then passes along the BROAD LIGAMENT, out through the INGUINAL RING, and into the labium majus.
Operations carried out for the correction of deformities and defects, repair of injuries, and diagnosis and cure of certain diseases. (Taber, 18th ed.)
Ethers that are linked to a benzene ring structure.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
Mobilization of the lower end of the esophagus and plication of the fundus of the stomach around it (fundic wrapping) in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX that may be associated with various disorders, such as hiatal hernia. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.
Pathologic process consisting of a partial or complete disruption of the layers of a surgical wound.
Accumulation of serous fluid between the layers of membrane (tunica vaginalis) covering the TESTIS in the SCROTUM.
ENDOSCOPES for examining the abdominal and pelvic organs in the peritoneal cavity.
Pathophysiological conditions of the FETUS in the UTERUS. Some fetal diseases may be treated with FETAL THERAPIES.
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
The surgical construction of an opening between the colon and the surface of the body.
Pathological processes consisting of the union of the opposing surfaces of a wound.
The tunnel in the lower anterior ABDOMINAL WALL through which the SPERMATIC CORD, in the male; ROUND LIGAMENT, in the female; nerves; and vessels pass. Its internal end is at the deep inguinal ring and its external end is at the superficial inguinal ring.
The period of confinement of a patient to a hospital or other health facility.
Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.
A repeat operation for the same condition in the same patient due to disease progression or recurrence, or as followup to failed previous surgery.
Surgical removal of the vermiform appendix. (Dorland, 28th ed)
A congenital abnormality characterized by the elevation of the DIAPHRAGM dome. It is the result of a thinned diaphragmatic muscle and injured PHRENIC NERVE, allowing the intra-abdominal viscera to push the diaphragm upward against the LUNG.
A surgical procedure in which an undescended testicle is sutured inside the SCROTUM in male infants or children to correct CRYPTORCHIDISM. Orchiopexy is also performed to treat TESTICULAR TORSION in adults and adolescents.
Either of a pair of tubular structures formed by DUCTUS DEFERENS; ARTERIES; VEINS; LYMPHATIC VESSELS; and nerves. The spermatic cord extends from the deep inguinal ring through the INGUINAL CANAL to the TESTIS in the SCROTUM.
A cutaneous pouch of skin containing the testicles and spermatic cords.
Infection occurring at the site of a surgical incision.
Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM.
Homopolymer of tetrafluoroethylene. Nonflammable, tough, inert plastic tubing or sheeting; used to line vessels, insulate, protect or lubricate apparatus; also as filter, coating for surgical implants or as prosthetic material. Synonyms: Fluoroflex; Fluoroplast; Ftoroplast; Halon; Polyfene; PTFE; Tetron.
Surgical fixation of the stomach to the abdominal wall.
An infant during the first month after birth.
Pathological developments in the CECUM.
A technique of closing incisions and wounds, or of joining and connecting tissues, in which staples are used as sutures.
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.
Surgery performed on the digestive system or its parts.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE of the anterior compartment of the THIGH that has its origins on the anterior aspect of the iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine, and its insertion point on the iliotibial tract. It plays a role in medial rotation of the THIGH, steadying the trunk, and in KNEE extension.
The musculofibrous partition that separates the THORACIC CAVITY from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding INHALATION.
General or unspecified injuries involving organs in the abdominal cavity.
A worm-like blind tube extension from the CECUM.
A broad fold of peritoneum that extends from the side of the uterus to the wall of the pelvis.
Application of a life support system that circulates the blood through an oxygenating system, which may consist of a pump, a membrane oxygenator, and a heat exchanger. Examples of its use are to assist victims of smoke inhalation injury, respiratory failure, and cardiac failure.
Functional competence of specific organs or body systems of the FETUS in utero.
Surgery which could be postponed or not done at all without danger to the patient. Elective surgery includes procedures to correct non-life-threatening medical problems as well as to alleviate conditions causing psychological stress or other potential risk to patients, e.g., cosmetic or contraceptive surgery.
The area covering the terminal portion of ESOPHAGUS and the beginning of STOMACH at the cardiac orifice.
That portion of the body that lies between the THORAX and the PELVIS.
A membrane of squamous EPITHELIAL CELLS, the mesothelial cells, covered by apical MICROVILLI that allow rapid absorption of fluid and particles in the PERITONEAL CAVITY. The peritoneum is divided into parietal and visceral components. The parietal peritoneum covers the inside of the ABDOMINAL WALL. The visceral peritoneum covers the intraperitoneal organs. The double-layered peritoneum forms the MESENTERY that suspends these organs from the abdominal wall.
INFLAMMATION, acute or chronic, of the ESOPHAGUS caused by BACTERIA, chemicals, or TRAUMA.
The visualization of tissues during pregnancy through recording of the echoes of ultrasonic waves directed into the body. The procedure may be applied with reference to the mother or the fetus and with reference to organs or the detection of maternal or fetal disease.
Acute inflammation of the APPENDIX. Acute appendicitis is classified as simple, gangrenous, or perforated.
Creation of an artificial external opening or fistula in the intestines.
Methods to repair breaks in abdominal tissues caused by trauma or to close surgical incisions during abdominal surgery.
Deliberate introduction of air into the peritoneal cavity.
INFLAMMATION of the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by the reflux of GASTRIC JUICE with contents of the STOMACH and DUODENUM.
Surgical creation of an external opening into the ILEUM for fecal diversion or drainage. This replacement for the RECTUM is usually created in patients with severe INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES. Loop (continent) or tube (incontinent) procedures are most often employed.
The muscular membranous segment between the PHARYNX and the STOMACH in the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.
'Abnormalities, Multiple' is a broad term referring to the presence of two or more structural or functional anomalies in an individual, which may be genetic or environmental in origin, and can affect various systems and organs of the body.
The age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of FERTILIZATION. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational age is often estimated as the time from the last day of the last MENSTRUATION which is about 2 weeks before OVULATION and fertilization.
Surgical incision into the chest wall.
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the digestive tract.
A double-layered fold of peritoneum that attaches the STOMACH to other organs in the ABDOMINAL CAVITY.
Measurement of the pressure or tension of liquids or gases with a manometer.
The course of learning of an individual or a group. It is a measure of performance plotted over time.
A board-certified specialty of VETERINARY MEDICINE, requiring at least four years of special education, training, and practice of veterinary surgery after graduation from veterinary school. In the written, oral, and practical examinations candidates may choose either large or small animal surgery. (From AVMA Directory, 43d ed, p278)
A polyester used for absorbable sutures & surgical mesh, especially in ophthalmic surgery. 2-Hydroxy-propanoic acid polymer with polymerized hydroxyacetic acid, which forms 3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-dione polymer with 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione copolymer of molecular weight about 80,000 daltons.
The body region lying between the genital area and the ANUS on the surface of the trunk, and to the shallow compartment lying deep to this area that is inferior to the PELVIC DIAPHRAGM. The surface area is between the VULVA and the anus in the female, and between the SCROTUM and the anus in the male.
A clinical syndrome with acute abdominal pain that is severe, localized, and rapid in onset. Acute abdomen may be caused by a variety of disorders, injuries, or diseases.
A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.
Procedures that avoid use of open, invasive surgery in favor of closed or local surgery. These generally involve use of laparoscopic devices and remote-control manipulation of instruments with indirect observation of the surgical field through an endoscope or similar device.
An autologous or commercial tissue adhesive containing FIBRINOGEN and THROMBIN. The commercial product is a two component system from human plasma that contains more than fibrinogen and thrombin. The first component contains highly concentrated fibrinogen, FACTOR VIII, fibronectin, and traces of other plasma proteins. The second component contains thrombin, calcium chloride, and antifibrinolytic agents such as APROTININ. Mixing of the two components promotes BLOOD CLOTTING and the formation and cross-linking of fibrin. The tissue adhesive is used for tissue sealing, HEMOSTASIS, and WOUND HEALING.
A developmental defect in which a TESTIS or both TESTES failed to descend from high in the ABDOMEN to the bottom of the SCROTUM. Testicular descent is essential to normal SPERMATOGENESIS which requires temperature lower than the BODY TEMPERATURE. Cryptorchidism can be subclassified by the location of the maldescended testis.
Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
Synthetic material used for the treatment of burns and other conditions involving large-scale loss of skin. It often consists of an outer (epidermal) layer of silicone and an inner (dermal) layer of collagen and chondroitin 6-sulfate. The dermal layer elicits new growth and vascular invasion and the outer layer is later removed and replaced by a graft.
X-ray visualization of the chest and organs of the thoracic cavity. It is not restricted to visualization of the lungs.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Changing an operative procedure from an endoscopic surgical procedure to an open approach during the INTRAOPERATIVE PERIOD.
The maximum stress a material subjected to a stretching load can withstand without tearing. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed, p2001)
Region of the back including the LUMBAR VERTEBRAE, SACRUM, and nearby structures.
The fold of peritoneum by which the COLON is attached to the posterior ABDOMINAL WALL.
Procedures of applying ENDOSCOPES for disease diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopy involves passing an optical instrument through a small incision in the skin i.e., percutaneous; or through a natural orifice and along natural body pathways such as the digestive tract; and/or through an incision in the wall of a tubular structure or organ, i.e. transluminal, to examine or perform surgery on the interior parts of the body.
The pit in the center of the ABDOMINAL WALL marking the point where the UMBILICAL CORD entered in the FETUS.
Protrusion of the rectal mucous membrane through the anus. There are various degrees: incomplete with no displacement of the anal sphincter muscle; complete with displacement of the anal sphincter muscle; complete with no displacement of the anal sphincter muscle but with herniation of the bowel; and internal complete with rectosigmoid or upper rectum intussusception into the lower rectum.
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the gastrointestinal tract.
Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.
Injuries caused by impact with a blunt object where there is no penetration of the skin.
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the fetus and amniotic cavity through abdominal or uterine entry.
Artificial substitutes for body parts, and materials inserted into tissue for functional, cosmetic, or therapeutic purposes. Prostheses can be functional, as in the case of artificial arms and legs, or cosmetic, as in the case of an artificial eye. Implants, all surgically inserted or grafted into the body, tend to be used therapeutically. IMPLANTS, EXPERIMENTAL is available for those used experimentally.
Remaining tissue from normal DERMIS tissue after the cells are removed.

Transmesenteric hernia after laparoscopic-assisted sigmoid colectomy. (1/217)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Laparoscopic-assisted surgery has been applied for a variety of colonic surgery. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate a possible and avoidable complication of laparoscopic colonic surgery. CASE PRESENTATION: A 47-year-old woman underwent gasless laparoscopic-assisted sigmoid colectomy. On the 20th postoperative day, she developed bowel obstruction. Decompression with a long tube failed to resolve the bowel obstruction. Open laparotomy was performed. Abdominal exploration revealed a loop of the small bowel incarcerated in the mesenteric defect caused by the previous operation. Adhesiolysis was performed, and the postoperative course was uneventful. DISCUSSION: Despite technical difficulty, complete closure of the mesentery after bowel resection is strongly recommended for prevention of transmesenteric incarcerated hernia after laparoscopic surgery.  (+info)

Risk factors for testicular cancer: a case-control study in twins. (2/217)

Early life and anthropometric risk factors for testicular cancer were examined in a case-control study in England and Wales in which affected male twins were compared with their unaffected male co-twins. Questionnaire data was obtained for 60 twin pairs. Significantly raised risk of testicular cancer occurred in twins who had longer arms and legs than their co-twin. There was a significant excess of testicular cancer reported in non-twin brothers, as well as in twin brothers, of cases. Risk was also significantly raised in relation to cryptorchidism. The results on limb length suggest that factors, perhaps nutritional, affecting growth before puberty, may be causes of testicular cancer. The results on risk in brothers add to evidence of a large genetic component in aetiology of the tumour. The risk associated with cryptorchidism in the twins accords with the hypothesis that cryptorchidism is causally associated with testicular cancer because it is a cause of the malignancy, rather than because the same maternal factors experienced in utero cause both conditions.  (+info)

Idiopathic spinal cord herniation: value of MR phase-contrast imaging. (3/217)

We report two patients with an idiopathic transdural spinal cord herniation at the thoracic level. Phase-contrast MR imaging was helpful in showing an absence of CSF flow ventral to the herniated cord and a normal CSF flow pattern dorsal to the cord, which excluded a compressive posterior arachnoid cyst.  (+info)

Large empty sella with an intrasellar herniation of an elongated third ventricle. Case report. (4/217)

A 73-year-old female presented with a large empty sella with herniation of an elongated third ventricle concomitant with herniation of the surrounding subarachnoid space into the sella, manifesting as visual impairment and amenorrhea without galactorrhea. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography cisternography clearly showed the large empty sella, without evidence of either hydrocephalus or benign intracranial hypertension, which is extremely rare.  (+info)

Comparison between the transabdominal and retroperitoneal approaches for aortic reconstruction in patients at high risk. (5/217)

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the transabdominal approach with the retroperitoneal approach for elective aortic reconstruction in the patient who is at high risk. METHODS: From January 1992 through January 1997, 148 patients underwent aortic operations: 92 of the patients were classified as American Society of Anesthesia (ASA) class IV. Forty-four operations on the patients of ASA class IV were performed with the transabdominal approach (25 for abdominal aortic aneurysms and 19 for aortoiliac occlusive disease), and 48 operations were performed with the retroperitoneal approach (27 for abdominal aortic aneurysms and 21 for aortoiliac occlusive disease). There were no significant differences between the groups for comorbid risk factors or perioperative care. RESULTS: Among the patients of ASA class IV, eight (8.7%) died after operation (retroperitoneal, 3 [6.26%]; transabdominal, 5 [11.3%]; P =.5). There was no difference between groups in the number of pulmonary complications (retroperitoneal, 23 [47.9%]; transabdominal, 19 [43.2%]; P =.7) or in the development of incisional hernias (retroperitoneal, 6 [12.5%]; transabdominal, 5 [11.3%]; P =.5). The retroperitoneal approach was associated with a significant reduction in cardiac complications (retroperitoneal, 6 [12.5%]; transabdominal, 10 [22.7%]; P =.004) and in gastrointestinal complications (retroperitoneal, 5 [8.3%]; transabdominal, 15 [34.1%]). Operative time was significantly longer in the retroperitoneal group (retroperitoneal, 3.35 hours; transabdominal, 2.98 hours; P =.006), as was blood loss (retroperitoneal, 803 mL; transabdominal, 647 mL; P =.012). The patients in the retroperitoneal group required less intravenous narcotics (retroperitoneal, 36.6 +/- 21 mg; transabdominal, 49.5 +/- 28.5 mg; P =.004) and less epidural analgesics (retroperitoneal, 39.5 +/- 6.4 mg; transabdominal, 56.6 +/- 9.5 mg; P =.004). Hospital length of stay (retroperitoneal, 7.2 +/- 1.6 days; transabdominal, 12.8 +/- 2.3 days; P =.024) and hospital charges (retroperitoneal, $35,587 +/- $980; transabdominal, $54,832 +/- $1105; P =.04) were significantly lower in the retroperitoneal group. The survival rates at the 40-month follow-up period were similar between the groups (retroperitoneal, 81.3%; transabdominal, 78.7%; P =.53). CONCLUSION: In this subset of patients who were at high risk for aortic reconstruction, the postoperative complications were common. However, the number of complications was significantly lower in the retroperitoneal group. Aortic reconstruction in patients of ASA class IV appears to be more safely and economically performed with the retroperitoneal approach.  (+info)

Six-fold suture:wound length ratio for abdominal closure. (6/217)

Midline laparotomy incision is generally closed as a continuous single layer with monofilament suture. To achieve safe abdominal closure, it is advised to have a suture:wound length (SL:WL) ratio of more than 4:1. The importance of a high SL:WL ratio led us to standardise a safe abdominal closure technique. We calculated the subsequent SL:WL ratio and support our finding with a mathematical model. Between March 1996 and February 1997, 100 consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency laparotomy through a midline incision were entered into this prospective study. The wounds were closed with a single layer continuous suture to approximate the abdominal muscles. Suture and wound lengths were recorded. Patients were followed for one year. Five patients developed incisional hernia at 12 months postoperatively. There was no burst abdomen. The mean SL:WL ratio: was 6.2:1. A mathematical model confirms that a SL:WL ratio of 6:1 should be achieved with this suture technique. We recommend an optimal SL:WL ratio: greater than or equivalent to 6:1 to achieve safe closure of midline laparotomy incision.  (+info)

Lumbar hernia: a rare cause of large bowel obstruction. (7/217)

We describe a 70-year-old woman presenting with large bowel obstruction secondary to incarceration of the mid descending colon within a lumbar hernia. This was diagnosed on barium enema and successfully treated surgically.  (+info)

Midgut malrotation in adulthood. (8/217)

A 29-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a history of recurrent right upper quadrant abdominal pain and vomiting. These symptoms appeared intermittently for 7 years. Various examinations revealed a diagnosis of midgut malrotation. Laparotomy was performed and revealed reverse rotation of the duodenum with paraduodenal hernia and a normal rotating colon. This case suggests that recurrent abdominal complaints in an adult should arouse suspicion of midgut malrotation.  (+info)

Inguinal hernia, also known as an inguinal rupture or groin hernia, is a protrusion of abdominal-cavity contents through the inguinal canal. The inguinal canal is a passage in the lower abdominal wall that carries the spermatic cord in males and a round ligament in females. Inguinal hernias are more common in men than women.

There are two types of inguinal hernias: direct and indirect. Direct inguinal hernias occur when the abdominal lining and/or fat push through a weakened area in the lower abdominal wall, while indirect inguinal hernias result from a congenital condition where the abdominal lining and/or fat protrude through the internal inguinal ring, a normal opening in the abdominal wall.

Inguinal hernias can cause discomfort or pain, especially during physical activities, coughing, sneezing, or straining. In some cases, incarceration or strangulation of the hernia may occur, leading to serious complications such as bowel obstruction or tissue necrosis, which require immediate medical attention.

Surgical repair is the standard treatment for inguinal hernias, and it can be performed through open or laparoscopic techniques. The goal of surgery is to return the protruding tissues to their proper position and strengthen the weakened abdominal wall with sutures or mesh reinforcement.

A hernia is a protrusion of an organ or tissue through a weakened area in the abdominal wall, often appearing as a bulge beneath the skin. This condition can occur in various parts of the body such as the groin (inguinal hernia), navel (umbilical hernia), or site of a previous surgical incision (incisional hernia). Hernias may cause discomfort or pain, especially when straining, lifting heavy objects, or during bowel movements. In some cases, they may lead to serious complications like intestinal obstruction or strangulation, requiring immediate medical attention.

A diaphragmatic hernia is a type of hernia that occurs when the abdominal organs (such as the stomach, intestines, or liver) protrude through an opening in the diaphragm, the thin muscle that separates the chest and abdominal cavities. This condition can be present at birth (congenital) or acquired due to injury or surgery.

There are two main types of diaphragmatic hernias:

1. Bochdalek hernia: This is a congenital defect that occurs when the posterior portion of the diaphragm fails to close properly during fetal development, creating an opening through which abdominal organs can move into the chest cavity. It is more common on the left side and can lead to pulmonary hypoplasia (underdevelopment of the lungs) and other complications if not detected and treated early.
2. Morgagni hernia: This is a less common type of congenital diaphragmatic hernia that occurs when there is an opening in the anterior portion of the diaphragm, allowing abdominal organs to move into the chest cavity near the sternum. It tends to be asymptomatic and may not be discovered until adulthood.

Acquired diaphragmatic hernias can result from trauma, such as a car accident or penetrating injury, which causes a tear in the diaphragm. In some cases, surgical procedures involving the abdomen or chest can also lead to a diaphragmatic hernia.

Symptoms of a diaphragmatic hernia may include difficulty breathing, chest pain, vomiting, and bowel obstruction. Treatment typically involves surgery to repair the defect in the diaphragm and return the abdominal organs to their proper position.

A ventral hernia is a type of hernia that occurs in the abdominal wall, specifically in the anterior (front) aspect. It can occur due to a weakness or defect in the abdominal wall muscles and fascia, which allows the internal organs or tissues to push through and create a bulge or swelling.

Ventral hernias can be classified into several types based on their location, size, and cause. Some of the common types include:

1. Incisional Hernia - occurs at the site of a previous surgical incision, where the abdominal wall has not healed properly or has become weakened over time.
2. Epigastric Hernia - located in the upper middle part of the abdomen, between the breastbone and the navel.
3. Umbilical Hernia - occurs around the belly button, most commonly seen in infants but can also affect adults.
4. Spigelian Hernia - a rare type of hernia that occurs lateral to the rectus sheath, usually at the level of the semilunar line.
5. Diastasis Recti - a separation of the abdominal muscles in the midline, which can lead to a ventral hernia if not treated.

Symptoms of a ventral hernia may include pain or discomfort, especially when lifting heavy objects, straining, coughing, or during physical activity. In some cases, a hernia may become incarcerated or strangulated, which requires immediate medical attention. Treatment options for ventral hernias typically involve surgical repair, either through open surgery or laparoscopic techniques.

An abdominal hernia refers to the protrusion of an organ or tissue through a weakened area in the abdominal wall, resulting in a bulge. This condition can occur due to various factors such as congenital defects, aging, obesity, pregnancy, persistent coughing, or previous surgeries that have left behind weak spots in the abdominal wall.

There are several types of abdominal hernias, including:

1. Inguinal Hernia: This is the most common type of hernia, occurring when the intestine or bladder protrudes through the inguinal canal in the lower abdomen. Inguinal hernias are more prevalent in men than women.
2. Femoral Hernia: This type of hernia occurs when the intestine or fatty tissue pushes through a weakened area near the femoral artery, located in the upper thigh region. Femoral hernias are more common in women, especially those who are pregnant or obese.
3. Incisional Hernia: This type of hernia develops at the site of a previous abdominal surgery where the abdominal muscles have weakened or failed to heal properly.
4. Umbilical Hernia: An umbilical hernia occurs when the intestine protrudes through the abdominal wall near the navel, often visible as a bulge around the belly button. This type of hernia is more common in infants but can also affect adults, particularly those who are overweight or have had multiple pregnancies.
5. Epigastric Hernia: An epigastric hernia occurs when fatty tissue protrudes through a weakened area between the breastbone and the navel. These hernias are usually small and often painless but can cause discomfort or complications if they become incarcerated or strangulated.

Abdominal hernias can vary in size, from small and barely noticeable to large and severely painful. Symptoms may include a visible bulge, localized pain or discomfort, especially when lifting heavy objects, coughing, or straining during bowel movements. In some cases, hernias may become incarcerated (trapped) or strangulated (blood supply is cut off), which can lead to severe pain, nausea, vomiting, and require immediate medical attention.

Treatment for abdominal hernias typically involves surgical repair, either through open surgery or laparoscopic techniques. The choice of procedure depends on various factors, including the size and location of the hernia, the patient's overall health, and their personal preferences. In some cases, watchful waiting may be recommended for small, asymptomatic hernias, but it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the best course of action.

A hiatal hernia is a type of hernia that occurs when a part of the stomach protrudes or squeezes through an opening (hiatus) in the diaphragm, the muscular partition between the chest and abdominal cavities. Normally, the esophagus passes through this opening to connect to the stomach, but in a hiatal hernia, a portion of the stomach also moves up into the chest cavity through the hiatus.

There are two main types of hiatal hernias: sliding and paraesophageal. In a sliding hiatal hernia, the junction between the esophagus and stomach (gastroesophageal junction) slides upward into the chest cavity, which is the most common type. Paraesophageal hiatal hernias are less common but can be more severe, as they involve the stomach herniating alongside the esophagus, potentially leading to complications like obstruction or strangulation of the blood supply to the stomach.

Many people with hiatal hernias do not experience symptoms, but some may have heartburn, acid reflux, regurgitation, difficulty swallowing, chest pain, or shortness of breath. Treatment depends on the severity and associated symptoms, ranging from lifestyle modifications and medications to surgical repair in severe cases.

A femoral hernia is a type of hernia that occurs when a portion of the abdominal wall tissue or intestine protrudes through a weakened area in the lower part of the abdominal wall, specifically at the opening of the femoral canal. This canal is located near the groin region and contains blood vessels that pass from the abdomen to the leg.

Femoral hernias are more common in women than men, particularly those who are pregnant, obese, or have a history of multiple pregnancies. Symptoms may include a visible bulge in the inner thigh or groin area, especially when standing, coughing, or straining. Pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen or groin region, particularly during physical activities, is also common.

While some femoral hernias may not cause any symptoms and can be left untreated, they have a higher risk of becoming incarcerated or strangulated compared to other types of hernias. Incarceration occurs when the protruding tissue becomes trapped and cannot be pushed back in, while strangulation happens when the blood supply to the trapped tissue is cut off, leading to tissue death if not treated promptly with surgery.

An umbilical hernia is a type of hernia that occurs at the umbilicus, or belly button. It results from a protrusion of abdominal contents through a weakened area in the abdominal wall surrounding the navel. This condition is common in newborns and infants, especially premature babies, due to incomplete closure of the abdominal muscles during development.

In most cases, umbilical hernias in children close on their own by age 3-4 or by the time they reach school age. However, if the hernia is still present after this age, surgical intervention may be required to prevent potential complications such as incarceration (where the herniated tissue becomes trapped and cannot be pushed back in) or strangulation (where the blood supply to the herniated tissue is cut off, leading to tissue death).

Adults can also develop umbilical hernias, often as a result of increased pressure in the abdomen due to obesity, pregnancy, heavy lifting, or persistent coughing. Umbilical hernias in adults are generally more likely to require surgical repair due to the higher risk of complications.

Herniorrhaphy is a surgical procedure where the herniated tissue or organ is placed back into its original position, and the weakened or damaged muscle wall is repaired. This is typically done to correct a hernia, which is a protrusion of an organ or tissue through a weakened area in the abdominal wall. The surgical incision may be closed with sutures or staples, and sometimes a mesh patch is used to reinforce the repair.

Surgical mesh is a medical device that is used in various surgical procedures, particularly in reconstructive surgery, to provide additional support to weakened or damaged tissues. It is typically made from synthetic materials such as polypropylene or polyester, or from biological materials such as animal tissue or human cadaveric tissue.

The mesh is designed to be implanted into the body, where it can help to reinforce and repair damaged tissues. For example, it may be used in hernia repairs to support the weakened abdominal wall, or in pelvic floor reconstruction surgery to treat conditions such as pelvic organ prolapse or stress urinary incontinence.

Surgical mesh can come in different forms, including sheets, plugs, and patches, and may be either absorbable or non-absorbable. The choice of mesh material and type will depend on the specific surgical indication and the patient's individual needs. It is important for patients to discuss the risks and benefits of surgical mesh with their healthcare provider before undergoing any surgical procedure that involves its use.

A diaphragmatic hernia is a condition in which there is abnormal displacement or protrusion of abdominal organs into the thoracic cavity through an opening or defect in the diaphragm. In traumatic diaphragmatic hernia, this disruption of the diaphragm is caused by trauma, such as a penetrating injury or blunt force trauma from a car accident or fall. The resulting herniation can lead to various complications, including difficulty breathing, digestive problems, and even organ dysfunction. Immediate medical attention is necessary for proper diagnosis and treatment of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia.

A obturator hernia is a type of pelvic hernia that occurs through the obturator foramen, which is an opening in the bony pelvis through which blood vessels and nerves pass. This type of hernia is relatively uncommon and primarily affects women, particularly those who are elderly, thin, or have had multiple pregnancies.

Obturator hernias occur when abdominal contents, such as fat or intestine, protrude through the obturator foramen and become trapped, leading to obstruction of the intestine or strangulation, which can cut off blood flow to the affected tissue. Symptoms may include pain in the thigh or groin, nausea, vomiting, and constipation.

Obturator hernias can be difficult to diagnose due to their nonspecific symptoms and rarity. Diagnosis is often made during surgery to repair the hernia. Treatment typically involves surgical repair of the hernia, which may be performed through an open incision or laparoscopically. Delayed diagnosis and treatment can lead to serious complications, such as bowel necrosis or perforation, so prompt medical attention is necessary if obturator hernia is suspected.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Polypropylenes" does not have a medical definition as it is not a medical term. Polypropylene is a type of plastic that is used in various medical and non-medical applications. It is a thermoplastic polymer resin that is produced by the polymerization of propylene.

In the medical field, polypropylene is sometimes used to make single-use surgical instruments, sutures, and medical devices due to its resistance to heat, chemicals, and electricity. It is also biocompatible, meaning it can be safely used in the body without causing adverse reactions. However, "Polypropylenes" as a medical term is not recognized or used in the medical community.

Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure that involves the insertion of a laparoscope, which is a thin tube with a light and camera attached to it, through small incisions in the abdomen. This allows the surgeon to view the internal organs without making large incisions. It's commonly used to diagnose and treat various conditions such as endometriosis, ovarian cysts, infertility, and appendicitis. The advantages of laparoscopy over traditional open surgery include smaller incisions, less pain, shorter hospital stays, and quicker recovery times.

The abdominal wall refers to the group of muscles, fascia (sheaths of connective tissue), and skin that make up the front and sides of the abdomen, extending from the thorax (chest) to the pelvis. It provides protection to the abdominal organs, supports the trunk, and allows for movement of the torso.

The main muscles of the anterior abdominal wall include:

1. Rectus sheaths (Rectus Abdominis): paired vertical muscles running from the pubic symphysis to the xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7.
2. External obliques: thin, irregular muscles that lie over the lower part of the abdomen and run diagonally downward and forward from the lower ribs to the iliac crest (pelvic bone) and pubic tubercle.
3. Internal obliques: thicker muscles that lie under the external obliques, running diagonally upward and forward from the iliac crest to the lower ribs.
4. Transverse abdominis: deepest of the abdominal muscles, lying horizontally across the abdomen, attaching from the lower ribs to the pelvis.

These muscles are interconnected by various layers of fascia and aponeuroses (flat, broad tendons), forming a complex structure that allows for both stability and mobility. The linea alba, a fibrous band, runs down the midline of the anterior abdominal wall, connecting the rectus sheaths.

Damage to the abdominal wall can occur due to trauma, surgery, or various medical conditions, which may require surgical intervention for repair.

A fascia is a band or sheet of connective tissue, primarily collagen, that covers, connects, and separates muscles, organs, and other structures in the body. It provides support and stability, allows for smooth movement between structures, and has the ability to transmit forces throughout the body. Fascia is found throughout the body, and there are several layers of it, including superficial fascia, deep fascia, and visceral fascia. Injury, inflammation, or strain to the fascia can cause pain and restriction of movement.

Suture techniques refer to the various methods used by surgeons to sew or stitch together tissues in the body after an injury, trauma, or surgical incision. The main goal of suturing is to approximate and hold the edges of the wound together, allowing for proper healing and minimizing scar formation.

There are several types of suture techniques, including:

1. Simple Interrupted Suture: This is one of the most basic suture techniques where the needle is passed through the tissue at a right angle, creating a loop that is then tightened to approximate the wound edges. Multiple stitches are placed along the length of the incision or wound.
2. Continuous Locking Suture: In this technique, the needle is passed continuously through the tissue in a zigzag pattern, with each stitch locking into the previous one. This creates a continuous line of sutures that provides strong tension and support to the wound edges.
3. Running Suture: Similar to the continuous locking suture, this technique involves passing the needle continuously through the tissue in a straight line. However, instead of locking each stitch, the needle is simply passed through the previous loop before being tightened. This creates a smooth and uninterrupted line of sutures that can be easily removed after healing.
4. Horizontal Mattress Suture: In this technique, two parallel stitches are placed horizontally across the wound edges, creating a "mattress" effect that provides additional support and tension to the wound. This is particularly useful in deep or irregularly shaped wounds.
5. Vertical Mattress Suture: Similar to the horizontal mattress suture, this technique involves placing two parallel stitches vertically across the wound edges. This creates a more pronounced "mattress" effect that can help reduce tension and minimize scarring.
6. Subcuticular Suture: In this technique, the needle is passed just below the surface of the skin, creating a smooth and barely visible line of sutures. This is particularly useful in cosmetic surgery or areas where minimizing scarring is important.

The choice of suture technique depends on various factors such as the location and size of the wound, the type of tissue involved, and the patient's individual needs and preferences. Proper suture placement and tension are crucial for optimal healing and aesthetic outcomes.

In medical terms, sutures are specialized surgical threads made from various materials such as absorbable synthetic or natural fibers, or non-absorbable materials like nylon or silk. They are used to approximate and hold together the edges of a wound or incision in the skin or other tissues during the healing process. Sutures come in different sizes, types, and shapes, each designed for specific uses and techniques depending on the location and type of tissue being sutured. Properly placed sutures help to promote optimal healing, minimize scarring, and reduce the risk of infection or other complications.

Intestinal obstruction, also known as bowel obstruction, is a medical condition characterized by a blockage that prevents the normal flow of contents through the small intestine or large intestine (colon). This blockage can be caused by various factors such as tumors, adhesions (scar tissue), hernias, inflammation, or impacted feces.

The obstruction can be mechanical, where something physically blocks the intestinal lumen, or functional, where the normal muscular contractions of the bowel are impaired. Mechanical obstructions are more common than functional ones.

Symptoms of intestinal obstruction may include abdominal pain and cramping, nausea and vomiting, bloating, inability to pass gas or have a bowel movement, and abdominal distention. If left untreated, intestinal obstruction can lead to serious complications such as tissue death (necrosis), perforation of the intestine, and sepsis. Treatment typically involves hospitalization, intravenous fluids, nasogastric decompression, and possibly surgery to remove the obstruction.

A laparotomy is a surgical procedure that involves making an incision in the abdominal wall to gain access to the abdominal cavity. This procedure is typically performed to diagnose and treat various conditions such as abdominal trauma, tumors, infections, or inflammatory diseases. The size of the incision can vary depending on the reason for the surgery and the extent of the condition being treated. Once the procedure is complete, the incision is closed with sutures or staples.

The term "laparotomy" comes from the Greek words "lapara," which means "flank" or "side," and "tome," which means "to cut." Together, they describe the surgical procedure that involves cutting into the abdomen to examine its contents.

A surgical stoma, also known simply as a stoma, is a surgically created opening on the surface of the body that allows for the passage of bodily waste. This procedure is typically performed when a person has a malfunctioning or diseased organ in the digestive or urinary system that cannot be effectively treated or repaired.

In a colostomy or ileostomy, which are common types of surgical stomas, a portion of the colon or small intestine is brought through an opening in the abdominal wall to create a new pathway for waste to exit the body. The stoma may be temporary or permanent, depending on the underlying condition and the success of any additional treatments.

After surgery, patients with a stoma will need to wear a pouching system to collect and contain the waste that is expelled through the stoma. This can take some getting used to, but with proper care and support, most people are able to adjust to life with a stoma and maintain a good quality of life.

In medical terms, the "groin" refers to the area where the lower abdomen meets the thigh. It is located on both sides of the body, in front of the upper part of each leg. The groin contains several important structures such as the inguinal canal, which contains blood vessels and nerves, and the femoral artery and vein, which supply blood to and from the lower extremities. Issues in this region, such as pain or swelling, may indicate a variety of medical conditions, including muscle strains, hernias, or infections.

Postoperative complications refer to any unfavorable condition or event that occurs during the recovery period after a surgical procedure. These complications can vary in severity and may include, but are not limited to:

1. Infection: This can occur at the site of the incision or inside the body, such as pneumonia or urinary tract infection.
2. Bleeding: Excessive bleeding (hemorrhage) can lead to a drop in blood pressure and may require further surgical intervention.
3. Blood clots: These can form in the deep veins of the legs (deep vein thrombosis) and can potentially travel to the lungs (pulmonary embolism).
4. Wound dehiscence: This is when the surgical wound opens up, which can lead to infection and further complications.
5. Pulmonary issues: These include atelectasis (collapsed lung), pneumonia, or respiratory failure.
6. Cardiovascular problems: These include abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), heart attack, or stroke.
7. Renal failure: This can occur due to various reasons such as dehydration, blood loss, or the use of certain medications.
8. Pain management issues: Inadequate pain control can lead to increased stress, anxiety, and decreased mobility.
9. Nausea and vomiting: These can be caused by anesthesia, opioid pain medication, or other factors.
10. Delirium: This is a state of confusion and disorientation that can occur in the elderly or those with certain medical conditions.

Prompt identification and management of these complications are crucial to ensure the best possible outcome for the patient.

Recurrence, in a medical context, refers to the return of symptoms or signs of a disease after a period of improvement or remission. It indicates that the condition has not been fully eradicated and may require further treatment. Recurrence is often used to describe situations where a disease such as cancer comes back after initial treatment, but it can also apply to other medical conditions. The likelihood of recurrence varies depending on the type of disease and individual patient factors.

Local anesthesia is a type of anesthesia that numbs a specific area of the body, blocking pain signals from that particular region while allowing the person to remain conscious and alert. It is typically achieved through the injection or application of a local anesthetic drug, which works by temporarily inhibiting the function of nerve fibers carrying pain sensations. Common examples of local anesthetics include lidocaine, prilocaine, and bupivacaine.

Local anesthesia is commonly used for minor surgical procedures, dental work, or other medical interventions where only a small area needs to be numbed. It can also be employed as part of a combined anesthetic technique, such as in conjunction with sedation or regional anesthesia, to provide additional pain relief and increase patient comfort during more extensive surgeries.

The duration of local anesthesia varies depending on the type and dosage of the anesthetic agent used; some last for just a few hours, while others may provide numbness for up to several days. Overall, local anesthesia is considered a safe and effective method for managing pain during various medical procedures.

The rectus abdominis is a paired, flat, and long muscle in the anterior (front) wall of the abdomen. It runs from the pubic symphysis (the joint where the two pubic bones meet in the front of the pelvis) to the xiphoid process (the lower end of the sternum or breastbone) and costal cartilages of the fifth, sixth, and seventh ribs.

The rectus abdominis is responsible for flexing the lumbar spine (lower back), which helps in bending forward or sitting up from a lying down position. It also contributes to maintaining proper posture and stabilizing the pelvis and spine. The muscle's visibility, especially in its lower portion, is often associated with a "six-pack" appearance in well-trained individuals.

Ambulatory surgical procedures, also known as outpatient or same-day surgery, refer to medical operations that do not require an overnight hospital stay. These procedures are typically performed in a specialized ambulatory surgery center (ASC) or in a hospital-based outpatient department. Patients undergoing ambulatory surgical procedures receive anesthesia, undergo the operation, and recover enough to be discharged home on the same day of the procedure.

Examples of common ambulatory surgical procedures include:

1. Arthroscopy (joint scope examination and repair)
2. Cataract surgery
3. Colonoscopy and upper endoscopy
4. Dental surgery, such as wisdom tooth extraction
5. Gallbladder removal (cholecystectomy)
6. Hernia repair
7. Hysteroscopy (examination of the uterus)
8. Minor skin procedures, like biopsies and lesion removals
9. Orthopedic procedures, such as carpal tunnel release or joint injections
10. Pain management procedures, including epidural steroid injections and nerve blocks
11. Podiatric (foot and ankle) surgery
12. Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

Advancements in medical technology, minimally invasive surgical techniques, and improved anesthesia methods have contributed to the growth of ambulatory surgical procedures, offering patients a more convenient and cost-effective alternative to traditional inpatient surgeries.

Postoperative pain is defined as the pain or discomfort experienced by patients following a surgical procedure. It can vary in intensity and duration depending on the type of surgery performed, individual pain tolerance, and other factors. The pain may be caused by tissue trauma, inflammation, or nerve damage resulting from the surgical intervention. Proper assessment and management of postoperative pain is essential to promote recovery, prevent complications, and improve patient satisfaction.

The round ligament is a cord-like structure in the female pelvis that extends from the uterus to the labia majora. It is one of the major ligaments that support the uterus and helps to maintain its position within the pelvis. The round ligament is composed of fibrous tissue and smooth muscle, and it plays a role in maintaining the tone and shape of the uterus.

During pregnancy, the round ligament can become stretched and thickened as the uterus grows and expands. This can sometimes cause discomfort or pain, particularly on one side of the pelvis. In some cases, the round ligament may also contribute to the development of certain gynecological conditions, such as uterine prolapse or urinary incontinence.

It is important for healthcare providers to consider the round ligament when evaluating and treating female reproductive health issues, as it can have a significant impact on the function and positioning of the uterus and other pelvic organs.

Operative surgical procedures refer to medical interventions that involve manual manipulation of tissues, structures, or organs in the body, typically performed in an operating room setting under sterile conditions. These procedures are carried out with the use of specialized instruments, such as scalpels, forceps, and scissors, and may require regional or general anesthesia to ensure patient comfort and safety.

Operative surgical procedures can range from relatively minor interventions, such as a biopsy or the removal of a small lesion, to more complex and extensive surgeries, such as open heart surgery or total joint replacement. The specific goals of operative surgical procedures may include the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions, the repair or reconstruction of damaged tissues or organs, or the prevention of further disease progression.

Regardless of the type or complexity of the procedure, all operative surgical procedures require careful planning, execution, and postoperative management to ensure the best possible outcomes for patients.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Phenyl Ethers" is not a recognized medical term. Phenyl ethers are a class of organic compounds consisting of an ether with a phenyl group as one of the components. They are widely used in industry and research, including as solvents, intermediates in chemical synthesis, and pharmaceuticals.

However, if you have any concerns about exposure to certain chemicals or their effects on health, it would be best to consult with a medical professional who can provide advice based on your specific situation and symptoms.

Treatment outcome is a term used to describe the result or effect of medical treatment on a patient's health status. It can be measured in various ways, such as through symptoms improvement, disease remission, reduced disability, improved quality of life, or survival rates. The treatment outcome helps healthcare providers evaluate the effectiveness of a particular treatment plan and make informed decisions about future care. It is also used in clinical research to compare the efficacy of different treatments and improve patient care.

Fundoplication is a surgical procedure in which the upper part of the stomach (the fundus) is wrapped around the lower esophagus and then stitched into place. This procedure strengthens the lower esophageal sphincter, which helps prevent acid reflux from the stomach into the esophagus. It is commonly used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and paraesophageal hernias.

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is the retrograde movement of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can cause discomfort and symptoms. It occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (a ring of muscle between the esophagus and stomach) relaxes inappropriately, allowing the acidic or non-acidic gastric contents to flow back into the esophagus.

Gastroesophageal reflux becomes gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) when it is more severe, persistent, and/or results in complications such as esophagitis, strictures, or Barrett's esophagus. Common symptoms of GERD include heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, difficulty swallowing, and chronic cough or hoarseness.

Surgical wound dehiscence is a medical condition that refers to the partial or complete separation of layers of a surgical incision after a surgical procedure, leading to the disruption of the wound closure. This can occur due to various factors such as infection, poor nutrition, increased tension on the sutures, hematoma or seroma formation, and patient's underlying health conditions like diabetes or immunodeficiency. Dehiscence may result in the exposure of internal tissues and organs, potentially causing severe complications such as infection, bleeding, or organ dysfunction. Immediate medical attention is required to manage this condition and prevent further complications.

A testicular hydrocele is a type of fluid-filled sac that forms around the testicle (testis), typically in the scrotum. This sac, known as the tunica vaginalis, normally contains a small amount of fluid that helps to lubricate and protect the testicle. However, when an excessive amount of fluid accumulates in this sac, it results in the formation of a hydrocele.

Testicular hydroceles can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired later in life due to various reasons such as injury, inflammation, or infection in the scrotal area. They are usually painless but may cause discomfort or a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum, especially when they become large. In some cases, hydroceles may resolve on their own without treatment, while others may require surgical intervention to drain the fluid and repair the underlying issue.

It is essential to differentiate between hydroceles and other conditions with similar symptoms, such as hernias or tumors, which may require more urgent medical attention. A healthcare professional can perform a physical examination and possibly recommend further testing, like an ultrasound, to confirm the diagnosis of a testicular hydrocele.

A laparoscope is a type of medical instrument called an endoscope, which is used to examine the interior of a body cavity or organ. Specifically, a laparoscope is a long, thin tube with a high-intensity light and a high-resolution camera attached to it. This device allows surgeons to view the abdominal cavity through small incisions, without having to make large, invasive cuts.

During a laparoscopic procedure, the surgeon will insert the laparoscope through a small incision in the abdomen, typically near the navel. The camera sends images back to a monitor, giving the surgeon a clear view of the organs and tissues inside the body. This allows for more precise and less invasive surgical procedures, often resulting in faster recovery times and fewer complications compared to traditional open surgery.

Laparoscopes are commonly used in a variety of surgical procedures, including:

1. Gynecological surgeries (e.g., hysterectomies, ovarian cyst removals)
2. Gallbladder removal (cholecystectomy)
3. Gastrointestinal surgeries (e.g., removing benign or malignant tumors)
4. Hernia repairs
5. Bariatric surgeries for weight loss (e.g., gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy)

While laparoscopes provide numerous benefits over open surgery, they still require specialized training and expertise to use effectively and safely.

Fetal diseases are medical conditions or abnormalities that affect a fetus during pregnancy. These diseases can be caused by genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both. They can range from mild to severe and may impact various organ systems in the developing fetus. Examples of fetal diseases include congenital heart defects, neural tube defects, chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome, and infectious diseases such as toxoplasmosis or rubella. Fetal diseases can be diagnosed through prenatal testing, including ultrasound, amniocentesis, and chorionic villus sampling. Treatment options may include medication, surgery, or delivery of the fetus, depending on the nature and severity of the disease.

Retrospective studies, also known as retrospective research or looking back studies, are a type of observational study that examines data from the past to draw conclusions about possible causal relationships between risk factors and outcomes. In these studies, researchers analyze existing records, medical charts, or previously collected data to test a hypothesis or answer a specific research question.

Retrospective studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying trends, but they have limitations compared to prospective studies, which follow participants forward in time from exposure to outcome. Retrospective studies are subject to biases such as recall bias, selection bias, and information bias, which can affect the validity of the results. Therefore, retrospective studies should be interpreted with caution and used primarily to generate hypotheses for further testing in prospective studies.

A colostomy is a surgical procedure that involves creating an opening, or stoma, through the abdominal wall to divert the flow of feces from the colon (large intestine) through this opening and into a pouch or bag worn outside the body. This procedure is typically performed when a portion of the colon has been removed due to disease or injury, such as cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or trauma.

There are several types of colostomies, including end colostomy, loop colostomy, and double-barrel colostomy, which differ in terms of the location and configuration of the stoma. The type of colostomy performed will depend on the individual's medical condition and the specific goals of the surgery.

After a colostomy, patients will need to learn how to care for their stoma and manage their bowel movements using specialized equipment and techniques. With proper care and management, most people are able to lead active and fulfilling lives after a colostomy.

Tissue adhesions, also known as scar tissue adhesions, are abnormal bands of fibrous tissue that form between two or more internal organs, or between organs and the walls of the chest or abdominal cavity. These adhesions can develop after surgery, infection, injury, radiation, or prolonged inflammation. The fibrous bands can cause pain, restrict movement of the organs, and potentially lead to complications such as bowel obstruction. Treatment options for tissue adhesions may include medication, physical therapy, or surgical intervention to remove the adhesions.

The inguinal canal is a narrow passage in the lower abdominal wall. In males, it allows for the spermatic cord and blood vessels to travel from the abdomen to the scrotum. In females, it provides a pathway for the round ligament of the uterus to pass through. The inguinal canal is located in the groin region, and an inguinal hernia occurs when a portion of the intestine protrudes through this canal.

"Length of Stay" (LOS) is a term commonly used in healthcare to refer to the amount of time a patient spends receiving care in a hospital, clinic, or other healthcare facility. It is typically measured in hours, days, or weeks and can be used as a metric for various purposes such as resource planning, quality assessment, and reimbursement. The length of stay can vary depending on the type of illness or injury, the severity of the condition, the patient's response to treatment, and other factors. It is an important consideration in healthcare management and can have significant implications for both patients and providers.

Follow-up studies are a type of longitudinal research that involve repeated observations or measurements of the same variables over a period of time, in order to understand their long-term effects or outcomes. In medical context, follow-up studies are often used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of medical treatments, interventions, or procedures.

In a typical follow-up study, a group of individuals (called a cohort) who have received a particular treatment or intervention are identified and then followed over time through periodic assessments or data collection. The data collected may include information on clinical outcomes, adverse events, changes in symptoms or functional status, and other relevant measures.

The results of follow-up studies can provide important insights into the long-term benefits and risks of medical interventions, as well as help to identify factors that may influence treatment effectiveness or patient outcomes. However, it is important to note that follow-up studies can be subject to various biases and limitations, such as loss to follow-up, recall bias, and changes in clinical practice over time, which must be carefully considered when interpreting the results.

A reoperation is a surgical procedure that is performed again on a patient who has already undergone a previous operation for the same or related condition. Reoperations may be required due to various reasons, such as inadequate initial treatment, disease recurrence, infection, or complications from the first surgery. The nature and complexity of a reoperation can vary widely depending on the specific circumstances, but it often carries higher risks and potential complications compared to the original operation.

An appendectomy is a surgical procedure in which the vermiform appendix is removed. This procedure is performed when a patient has appendicitis, which is an inflammation of the appendix that can lead to serious complications such as peritonitis or sepsis if not treated promptly. The surgery can be done as an open procedure, in which a single incision is made in the lower right abdomen, or as a laparoscopic procedure, in which several small incisions are made and specialized instruments are used to remove the appendix. In some cases, if the appendix has burst, a more extensive surgery may be required to clean out the abdominal cavity.

Diaphragmatic eventration is a medical condition where the diaphragm, the thin muscle that separates the chest and abdominal cavities and helps with breathing, is abnormally thin and weak. This can cause the diaphragm to move upwards into the chest cavity, which can lead to difficulty breathing and other respiratory symptoms.

In eventration, the affected portion of the diaphragm is usually elevated and may have a transparent or bluish appearance due to the lack of muscle tissue. This condition can be present at birth (congenital) or acquired later in life due to injury or illness.

Mild cases of diaphragmatic eventration may not cause any symptoms and may not require treatment. However, more severe cases may require surgery to repair the damaged diaphragm and improve respiratory function.

Orchiopexy is a surgical procedure in which the testicle (or testicles) that have descended into the scrotum incompletely or not at all (undescended or retractile testes) are fixed into their normal position within the scrotum. This procedure is typically performed on boys, often between the ages of 6 and 12 months, to correct cryptorchidism, a condition where one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum.

The main goals of orchiopexy are to:

1. Place the testicle in its proper anatomical location within the scrotum.
2. Fix the testicle in a stable position to prevent retractile testes from moving back into the inguinal canal.
3. Preserve the testicular blood supply and innervation, ensuring normal testicular function and development.
4. Lower the risk of testicular torsion (twisting of the spermatic cord) and malignancy in later life.

Orchiopexy can be performed through an open or laparoscopic approach, depending on the location of the undescended testicle(s). The choice of surgical technique depends on factors such as the patient's age, associated conditions, and surgeon's preference.

The spermatic cord is a fibrous structure that contains the vas deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics, which provide passage for these structures between the abdomen and the scrotum in males. It is covered by several layers of protective sheaths, including the internal spermatic fascia, cremasteric fascia, and external spermatic fascia. The spermatic cord allows the testicles to be located outside the body, which helps maintain a cooler temperature for optimal sperm production.

The scrotum is a part of the external male genitalia. It's a sac-like structure made up of several layers of skin and smooth muscle, which hangs down behind and beneath the penis. The primary function of the scrotum is to maintain the testicles at a temperature slightly lower than the core body temperature, which is optimal for sperm production.

The scrotum contains two compartments, each one housing a testicle. It's located in the pubic region and is usually visible externally. The skin of the scrotum is thin and wrinkled, which allows it to expand and contract depending on the temperature, accommodating the shrinking or swelling of the testicles.

Please note that while I strive to provide accurate information, this definition is intended to be a general overview and should not replace professional medical advice.

A surgical wound infection, also known as a surgical site infection (SSI), is defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as an infection that occurs within 30 days after surgery (or within one year if an implant is left in place) and involves either:

1. Purulent drainage from the incision;
2. Organisms isolated from an aseptically obtained culture of fluid or tissue from the incision;
3. At least one of the following signs or symptoms of infection: pain or tenderness, localized swelling, redness, or heat; and
4. Diagnosis of surgical site infection by the surgeon or attending physician.

SSIs can be classified as superficial incisional, deep incisional, or organ/space infections, depending on the depth and extent of tissue involvement. They are a common healthcare-associated infection and can lead to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs.

Peritoneal diseases refer to a group of conditions that affect the peritoneum, which is the thin, transparent membrane that lines the inner wall of the abdomen and covers the organs within it. The peritoneum has several functions, including providing protection and support to the abdominal organs, producing and absorbing fluids, and serving as a site for the immune system's response to infections and other foreign substances.

Peritoneal diseases can be broadly classified into two categories: infectious and non-infectious. Infectious peritoneal diseases are caused by bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections that spread to the peritoneum from other parts of the body or through contaminated food, water, or medical devices. Non-infectious peritoneal diseases, on the other hand, are not caused by infections but rather by other factors such as autoimmune disorders, cancer, or chemical irritants.

Some examples of peritoneal diseases include:

1. Peritonitis: Inflammation of the peritoneum due to bacterial or fungal infections, often caused by a ruptured appendix, perforated ulcer, or other abdominal injuries or conditions.
2. Tuberculous peritonitis: A form of peritonitis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB).
3. Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis: Infection of the peritoneum in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis, a type of kidney replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease.
4. Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma: A rare and aggressive form of cancer that affects the mesothelial cells lining the peritoneum, often caused by exposure to asbestos.
5. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): An autoimmune disorder that can cause inflammation and scarring of the peritoneum.
6. Peritoneal carcinomatosis: The spread of cancer cells from other parts of the body to the peritoneum, often seen in patients with advanced ovarian or colorectal cancer.
7. Cirrhotic ascites: Fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity due to liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
8. Meigs' syndrome: A rare condition characterized by the presence of a benign ovarian tumor, ascites, and pleural effusion.

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is not inherently a medical term, but it is a chemical compound with significant uses in the medical field. Medically, PTFE is often referred to by its brand name, Teflon. It is a synthetic fluoropolymer used in various medical applications due to its unique properties such as high resistance to heat, electrical and chemical interaction, and exceptional non-reactivity with body tissues.

PTFE can be found in medical devices like catheters, where it reduces friction, making insertion easier and minimizing trauma. It is also used in orthopedic and dental implants, drug delivery systems, and sutures due to its biocompatibility and non-adhesive nature.

Gastropexy is a surgical procedure in which the stomach is attached to another organ, usually the abdominal wall. This procedure is often performed as a preventative measure for gastric volvulus, a condition where the stomach twists on itself and cuts off its own blood supply. It is also done in animals, particularly dogs, to prevent gastric dilation volvulus (GDV), also known as bloat, which is a life-threatening emergency. In humans, gastropexy is sometimes performed as part of treatment for morbid obesity.

A newborn infant is a baby who is within the first 28 days of life. This period is also referred to as the neonatal period. Newborns require specialized care and attention due to their immature bodily systems and increased vulnerability to various health issues. They are closely monitored for signs of well-being, growth, and development during this critical time.

Cecal diseases refer to medical conditions that affect the cecum, which is a pouch-like structure located at the junction of the small and large intestines. The cecum plays an important role in digestion, particularly in the fermentation of certain types of food.

There are several different types of cecal diseases, including:

1. Cecal volvulus: This is a rare condition in which the cecum twists on itself, cutting off blood flow and causing severe pain and other symptoms.
2. Diverticulitis: This occurs when small pouches called diverticula form in the wall of the cecum and become inflamed or infected.
3. Appendicitis: Although not strictly a cecal disease, the appendix is a small tube-like structure that branches off from the cecum. Inflammation of the appendix (appendicitis) can cause severe pain in the lower right abdomen and may require surgical removal of the appendix.
4. Crohn's disease: This is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the digestive tract, including the cecum.
5. Tuberculosis: The cecum can also be affected by tuberculosis, which is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other parts of the body.
6. Cancer: Although rare, cancer can also affect the cecum, leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits.

Treatment for cecal diseases depends on the specific condition and its severity. Treatment options may include antibiotics, surgery, or other medical interventions. If you are experiencing symptoms that may be related to a cecal disease, it is important to seek medical attention promptly.

Surgical stapling is a medical technique that uses specialized staplers to place linear staple lines to close surgical incisions, connect or remove organs and tissues during surgical procedures. Surgical staples are made of titanium or stainless steel and can be absorbable or non-absorbable. They provide secure, fast, and accurate wound closure, reducing the risk of infection and promoting faster healing compared to traditional suturing methods.

The surgical stapler consists of a handle, an anvil, and a cartridge containing multiple staples. The device is loaded with staple cartridges and used to approximate tissue edges before deploying the staples. Once the staples are placed, the stapler is removed, leaving the staple line in place.

Surgical stapling has various applications, including gastrointestinal anastomosis, lung resection, vascular anastomosis, and skin closure. It is widely used in different types of surgeries, such as open, laparoscopic, and robotic-assisted procedures. The use of surgical stapling requires proper training and expertise to ensure optimal patient outcomes.

X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging method that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of the body. These cross-sectional images can then be used to display detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body.

The term "computed tomography" is used instead of "CT scan" or "CAT scan" because the machines take a series of X-ray measurements from different angles around the body and then use a computer to process these data to create detailed images of internal structures within the body.

CT scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT imaging provides detailed information about many types of tissue including lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT examinations can be performed on every part of the body for a variety of reasons including diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses.

In computed tomography (CT), an X-ray source and detector rotate around the patient, measuring the X-ray attenuation at many different angles. A computer uses this data to construct a cross-sectional image by the process of reconstruction. This technique is called "tomography". The term "computed" refers to the use of a computer to reconstruct the images.

CT has become an important tool in medical imaging and diagnosis, allowing radiologists and other physicians to view detailed internal images of the body. It can help identify many different medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, lung nodules, liver tumors, and internal injuries from trauma. CT is also commonly used for guiding biopsies and other minimally invasive procedures.

In summary, X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body, allowing physicians to diagnose and treat medical conditions.

Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal studies, are a type of cohort study in which data is collected forward in time, following a group of individuals who share a common characteristic or exposure over a period of time. The researchers clearly define the study population and exposure of interest at the beginning of the study and follow up with the participants to determine the outcomes that develop over time. This type of study design allows for the investigation of causal relationships between exposures and outcomes, as well as the identification of risk factors and the estimation of disease incidence rates. Prospective studies are particularly useful in epidemiology and medical research when studying diseases with long latency periods or rare outcomes.

The digestive system is a series of organs that work together to convert food into nutrients and energy. Digestive system surgical procedures involve operations on any part of the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. These procedures can be performed for a variety of reasons, such as to treat diseases, repair damage, or remove cancerous growths.

Some common digestive system surgical procedures include:

1. Gastric bypass surgery: A procedure in which the stomach is divided into two parts and the smaller part is connected directly to the small intestine, bypassing a portion of the stomach and upper small intestine. This procedure is used to treat severe obesity.
2. Colonoscopy: A procedure in which a flexible tube with a camera on the end is inserted into the rectum and colon to examine the lining for polyps, cancer, or other abnormalities.
3. Colectomy: A procedure in which all or part of the colon is removed, often due to cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or diverticulitis.
4. Gastrostomy: A procedure in which a hole is made through the abdominal wall and into the stomach to create an opening for feeding. This is often done for patients who have difficulty swallowing.
5. Esophagectomy: A procedure in which all or part of the esophagus is removed, often due to cancer. The remaining esophagus is then reconnected to the stomach or small intestine.
6. Liver resection: A procedure in which a portion of the liver is removed, often due to cancer or other diseases.
7. Pancreatectomy: A procedure in which all or part of the pancreas is removed, often due to cancer or chronic pancreatitis.
8. Cholecystectomy: A procedure in which the gallbladder is removed, often due to gallstones or inflammation.

These are just a few examples of digestive system surgical procedures. There are many other types of operations that can be performed on the digestive system depending on the specific needs and condition of each patient.

Fascia lata is a medical term that refers to the thick, fibrous sheath of connective tissue that envelops and surrounds the thigh muscles (specifically, the quadriceps femoris and hamstrings). It is a type of fascia, which is the soft tissue component of the deep (internal) fascial system.

The fascia lata is continuous with the fascia of the hip and knee joints and plays an important role in providing stability, support, and protection to the muscles and other structures within the thigh. It also helps to facilitate the gliding and movement of muscles and tendons during physical activity.

Injuries or inflammation of the fascia lata can cause pain and discomfort, and may limit mobility and range of motion in the thigh and lower extremity. Conditions such as fascia lata strain, tears, or myofascial pain syndrome may require medical treatment, including physical therapy, medication, or in some cases, surgery.

A diaphragm is a thin, dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. It plays a vital role in the process of breathing as it contracts and flattens to draw air into the lungs (inhalation) and relaxes and returns to its domed shape to expel air out of the lungs (exhalation).

In addition, a diaphragm is also a type of barrier method of birth control. It is a flexible dome-shaped device made of silicone that fits over the cervix inside the vagina. When used correctly and consistently, it prevents sperm from entering the uterus and fertilizing an egg, thereby preventing pregnancy.

Abdominal injuries refer to damages or traumas that occur in the abdomen, an area of the body that is located between the chest and the pelvis. This region contains several vital organs such as the stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, kidneys, and reproductive organs. Abdominal injuries can range from minor bruises and cuts to severe internal bleeding and organ damage, depending on the cause and severity of the trauma.

Common causes of abdominal injuries include:

* Blunt force trauma, such as that caused by car accidents, falls, or physical assaults
* Penetrating trauma, such as that caused by gunshot wounds or stabbing
* Deceleration injuries, which occur when the body is moving at a high speed and suddenly stops, causing internal organs to continue moving and collide with each other or the abdominal wall

Symptoms of abdominal injuries may include:

* Pain or tenderness in the abdomen
* Swelling or bruising in the abdomen
* Nausea or vomiting
* Dizziness or lightheadedness
* Blood in the urine or stool
* Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
* Rapid heartbeat or low blood pressure

Abdominal injuries can be life-threatening if left untreated, and immediate medical attention is necessary to prevent complications such as infection, internal bleeding, organ failure, or even death. Treatment may include surgery, medication, or other interventions depending on the severity and location of the injury.

The appendix is a small, tube-like structure that projects from the large intestine, located in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen. Its function in humans is not well understood and is often considered vestigial, meaning it no longer serves a necessary purpose. However, in some animals, the appendix plays a role in the immune system. Inflammation of the appendix, known as appendicitis, can cause severe abdominal pain and requires medical attention, often leading to surgical removal of the appendix (appendectomy).

The broad ligament is a wide, flat fold of peritoneum (the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity) that supports and suspends the uterus within the pelvic cavity. It consists of two layers - the anterior leaf and the posterior leaf - which enclose and protect various reproductive structures such as the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and blood vessels.

The broad ligament plays a crucial role in maintaining the position and stability of the uterus, allowing for proper functioning of the female reproductive system. It also serves as a conduit for nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics that supply and drain the uterus and other pelvic organs.

Anomalies or pathologies of the broad ligament, such as cysts, tumors, or inflammation, can potentially lead to various gynecological conditions and symptoms, requiring medical evaluation and intervention if necessary.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) is a medical procedure that uses a machine to take over the function of the lungs and sometimes also the heart, by pumping and oxygenating the patient's blood outside of their body. This technique is used when a patient's lungs or heart are unable to provide adequate gas exchange or circulation, despite other forms of treatment.

During ECMO, blood is removed from the body through a large catheter or cannula, passed through a membrane oxygenator that adds oxygen and removes carbon dioxide, and then returned to the body through another catheter. This process helps to rest and heal the lungs and/or heart while maintaining adequate oxygenation and circulation to the rest of the body.

ECMO is typically used as a last resort in patients with severe respiratory or cardiac failure who have not responded to other treatments, such as mechanical ventilation or medication. It can be a life-saving procedure, but it also carries risks, including bleeding, infection, and damage to blood vessels or organs.

"Fetal organ maturity" refers to the stage of development and functional competency of the various organs in a fetus. It is the point at which an organ has developed enough to be able to perform its intended physiological functions effectively and sustainably. This maturity is determined by a combination of factors including structural development, cellular differentiation, and biochemical functionality.

Fetal organ maturity is a critical aspect of fetal development, as it directly impacts the newborn's ability to survive and thrive outside the womb. The level of maturity varies among different organs, with some becoming mature earlier in gestation while others continue to develop and mature until birth or even after.

Assessment of fetal organ maturity is often used in clinical settings to determine the optimal time for delivery, particularly in cases where there are risks associated with premature birth. This assessment typically involves a combination of imaging studies, such as ultrasound and MRI, as well as laboratory tests and physical examinations.

Elective surgical procedures are operations that are scheduled in advance because they do not involve a medical emergency. These surgeries are chosen or "elective" based on the patient's and doctor's decision to improve the patient's quality of life or to treat a non-life-threatening condition. Examples include but are not limited to:

1. Aesthetic or cosmetic surgery such as breast augmentation, rhinoplasty, etc.
2. Orthopedic surgeries like knee or hip replacements
3. Cataract surgery
4. Some types of cancer surgeries where the tumor is not spreading or causing severe symptoms
5. Gastric bypass for weight loss

It's important to note that while these procedures are planned, they still require thorough preoperative evaluation and preparation, and carry risks and benefits that need to be carefully considered by both the patient and the healthcare provider.

The esophagogastric junction (EGJ) is the region of the gastrointestinal tract where the esophagus (the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach) meets the stomach. It serves as a physiological sphincter, which helps control the direction of flow and prevent reflux of gastric contents back into the esophagus. The EGJ is also known as the gastroesophageal junction or cardia.

The abdomen refers to the portion of the body that lies between the thorax (chest) and the pelvis. It is a musculo-fascial cavity containing the digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs. The abdominal cavity is divided into several regions and quadrants for medical description and examination purposes. These include the upper and lower abdomen, as well as nine quadrants formed by the intersection of the midline and a horizontal line drawn at the level of the umbilicus (navel).

The major organs located within the abdominal cavity include:

1. Stomach - muscular organ responsible for initial digestion of food
2. Small intestine - long, coiled tube where most nutrient absorption occurs
3. Large intestine - consists of the colon and rectum; absorbs water and stores waste products
4. Liver - largest internal organ, involved in protein synthesis, detoxification, and metabolism
5. Pancreas - secretes digestive enzymes and hormones such as insulin
6. Spleen - filters blood and removes old red blood cells
7. Kidneys - pair of organs responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine
8. Adrenal glands - sit atop each kidney, produce hormones that regulate metabolism, immune response, and stress response

The abdomen is an essential part of the human body, playing a crucial role in digestion, absorption, and elimination of food and waste materials, as well as various metabolic processes.

The peritoneum is the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs. It is composed of a mesothelial cell monolayer supported by a thin, loose connective tissue. The peritoneum has two layers: the parietal peritoneum, which lines the abdominal wall, and the visceral peritoneum, which covers the organs.

The potential space between these two layers is called the peritoneal cavity, which contains a small amount of serous fluid that allows for the smooth movement of the organs within the cavity. The peritoneum plays an important role in the absorption and secretion of fluids and electrolytes, as well as providing a surface for the circulation of immune cells.

In addition, it also provides a route for the spread of infection or malignant cells throughout the abdominal cavity, known as peritonitis. The peritoneum is highly vascularized and innervated, making it sensitive to pain and distention.

Esophagitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation and irritation of the esophageal lining, which is the muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach. This inflammation can cause symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, chest pain, heartburn, and acid reflux.

Esophagitis can be caused by various factors, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), infection, allergies, medications, and chronic vomiting. Prolonged exposure to stomach acid can also cause esophagitis, leading to a condition called reflux esophagitis.

If left untreated, esophagitis can lead to complications such as strictures, ulcers, and Barrett's esophagus, which is a precancerous condition that increases the risk of developing esophageal cancer. Treatment for esophagitis typically involves addressing the underlying cause, managing symptoms, and protecting the esophageal lining to promote healing.

Prenatal ultrasonography, also known as obstetric ultrasound, is a medical diagnostic procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the developing fetus, placenta, and amniotic fluid inside the uterus. It is a non-invasive and painless test that is widely used during pregnancy to monitor the growth and development of the fetus, detect any potential abnormalities or complications, and determine the due date.

During the procedure, a transducer (a small handheld device) is placed on the mother's abdomen and moved around to capture images from different angles. The sound waves travel through the mother's body and bounce back off the fetus, producing echoes that are then converted into electrical signals and displayed as images on a screen.

Prenatal ultrasonography can be performed at various stages of pregnancy, including early pregnancy to confirm the pregnancy and detect the number of fetuses, mid-pregnancy to assess the growth and development of the fetus, and late pregnancy to evaluate the position of the fetus and determine if it is head down or breech. It can also be used to guide invasive procedures such as amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling.

Overall, prenatal ultrasonography is a valuable tool in modern obstetrics that helps ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus.

Appendicitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the appendix, a small finger-like structure that projects from the colon located in the lower right abdomen. The appendix doesn't have a known function, and its removal (appendectomy) does not appear to affect a person's health.

The inflammation of the appendix can be caused by various factors, such as obstruction due to hardened stool, foreign bodies, or tumors. The blockage can lead to increased pressure within the appendix, reduced blood flow, and bacterial growth, resulting in infection and inflammation. If left untreated, appendicitis can progress to peritonitis (inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity) or even sepsis, a life-threatening condition.

Common symptoms of appendicitis include:

* Sudden onset of pain in the lower right abdomen, which may start around the navel and shift to the lower right side over several hours
* Pain that worsens with movement, coughing, or sneezing
* Nausea and vomiting
* Loss of appetite
* Fever and chills
* Constipation or diarrhea
* Abdominal swelling or bloating

If you suspect appendicitis, it's essential to seek immediate medical attention. The standard treatment for appendicitis is surgical removal of the appendix (appendectomy), which can be performed as an open surgery or laparoscopically. Antibiotics are also administered to treat any existing infection. Delaying treatment can lead to serious complications, so it's crucial not to ignore symptoms and seek medical help promptly.

An enterostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening from the intestine to the abdominal wall, which allows for the elimination of waste from the body. This opening is called a stoma and can be temporary or permanent, depending on the individual's medical condition. There are several types of enterostomies, including colostomy, ileostomy, and jejunostomy, which differ based on the specific location in the intestine where the stoma is created.

The purpose of an enterostomy may vary, but it is often performed to divert the flow of waste away from a diseased or damaged section of the intestine, allowing it to heal. Common reasons for an enterostomy include inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, trauma, and birth defects.

After the surgery, patients will need to wear a pouching system over the stoma to collect waste. They will also require specialized care and education on how to manage their stoma and maintain their overall health. With proper care and support, individuals with an enterostomy can lead active and fulfilling lives.

Abdominal wound closure techniques refer to the methods used to close and repair surgical incisions in the abdomen. The goal of these techniques is to restore the integrity of the abdominal wall, minimize the risk of infection or dehiscence (wound separation), and promote optimal healing. Several abdominal wound closure techniques are available, and the choice of which one to use depends on various factors such as the size and location of the incision, the patient's individual needs and medical history, and the surgeon's preference. Here are some commonly used abdominal wound closure techniques:

1. Continuous running suture: This technique involves using a continuous strand of suture material to close the wound in a single pass. The suture is inserted through the full thickness of the abdominal wall, including the fascia (the strong connective tissue that surrounds the muscles), and then passed continuously along the length of the incision, pulling the edges of the wound together as it goes. This technique can be faster and more efficient than other methods, but it may increase the risk of infection or wound breakdown if not done properly.
2. Interrupted suture: In this technique, the surgeon uses individual stitches placed at regular intervals along the incision to close the wound. Each stitch is tied separately, which can make the closure more secure and reduce the risk of infection or wound breakdown. However, interrupted sutures can be more time-consuming than continuous running sutures.
3. Mass closure: This technique involves using a large, continuous suture to close the entire length of the incision in one pass. The suture is inserted through the full thickness of the abdominal wall and tied at both ends, pulling the edges of the wound together. Mass closure can be faster and more efficient than other methods, but it may increase the risk of infection or wound breakdown if not done properly.
4. Retention sutures: These are additional sutures that are placed deep within the abdominal wall to provide extra support and strength to the closure. They are often used in high-tension areas or in patients who are at increased risk of wound dehiscence, such as those with obesity or diabetes.
5. Layered closure: In this technique, the surgeon closes the incision in multiple layers, starting with the deepest layer of muscle and fascia and working outward to the skin. Each layer is closed separately using either interrupted or continuous sutures. Layered closure can provide added strength and stability to the closure, but it can be more time-consuming than other methods.
6. Skin closure: The final step in wound closure is to close the skin, which can be done using a variety of techniques, including staples, sutures, or surgical glue. The choice of closure method depends on several factors, including the size and location of the incision, the patient's individual needs and preferences, and the surgeon's experience and expertise.

Overall, the choice of wound closure technique depends on several factors, including the size and location of the incision, the patient's individual needs and preferences, and the surgeon's experience and expertise. The goal is to provide a strong, secure, and cosmetically appealing closure that minimizes the risk of infection, wound breakdown, or other complications.

Artificial pneumoperitoneum is a medical condition that refers to the presence of air or gas in the peritoneal cavity, which is the space between the lining of the abdominal wall and the organs within the abdomen. This condition is typically created intentionally during surgical procedures, such as laparoscopy, to provide a working space for the surgeon to perform the operation.

During laparoscopic surgery, a thin tube called a trocar is inserted through a small incision in the abdominal wall, and carbon dioxide gas is pumped into the peritoneal cavity to create a pneumoperitoneum. This allows the surgeon to insert specialized instruments through other small incisions and perform the surgery while visualizing the operative field with a camera.

While artificial pneumoperitoneum is generally safe, there are potential complications that can arise, such as injury to surrounding organs or blood vessels during trocar insertion, subcutaneous emphysema (air trapped under the skin), or gas embolism (gas in the bloodstream). These risks are typically minimized through careful technique and monitoring during the procedure.

Peptic esophagitis is a medical condition that refers to inflammation and damage of the lining of the esophagus caused by stomach acid backing up into the esophagus. This is also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The term "peptic" indicates that digestive enzymes or stomach acids are involved in the cause of the condition.

Peptic esophagitis can cause symptoms such as heartburn, chest pain, difficulty swallowing, and painful swallowing. If left untreated, it can lead to complications like strictures, ulcers, and Barrett's esophagus, which is a precancerous condition. Treatment typically involves lifestyle changes, medications to reduce acid production, and sometimes surgery.

An ileostomy is a surgical procedure in which the end of the small intestine, called the ileum, is brought through an opening in the abdominal wall (stoma) to create a path for waste material to leave the body. This procedure is typically performed when there is damage or removal of the colon, rectum, or anal canal due to conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis), cancer, or trauma.

After an ileostomy, waste material from the small intestine exits the body through the stoma and collects in a pouch worn outside the body. The patient needs to empty the pouch regularly, typically every few hours, as the output is liquid or semi-liquid. Ileostomies can be temporary or permanent, depending on the underlying condition and the planned course of treatment. Proper care and management of the stoma and pouch are essential for maintaining good health and quality of life after an ileostomy.

The esophagus is the muscular tube that connects the throat (pharynx) to the stomach. It is located in the midline of the neck and chest, passing through the diaphragm to enter the abdomen and join the stomach. The main function of the esophagus is to transport food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach for digestion.

The esophagus has a few distinct parts: the upper esophageal sphincter (a ring of muscle that separates the esophagus from the throat), the middle esophagus, and the lower esophageal sphincter (another ring of muscle that separates the esophagus from the stomach). The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes to allow food and liquids to enter the stomach and then contracts to prevent stomach contents from flowing back into the esophagus.

The walls of the esophagus are made up of several layers, including mucosa (a moist tissue that lines the inside of the tube), submucosa (a layer of connective tissue), muscle (both voluntary and involuntary types), and adventitia (an outer layer of connective tissue).

Common conditions affecting the esophagus include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett's esophagus, esophageal cancer, esophageal strictures, and eosinophilic esophagitis.

'Abnormalities, Multiple' is a broad term that refers to the presence of two or more structural or functional anomalies in an individual. These abnormalities can be present at birth (congenital) or can develop later in life (acquired). They can affect various organs and systems of the body and can vary greatly in severity and impact on a person's health and well-being.

Multiple abnormalities can occur due to genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both. Chromosomal abnormalities, gene mutations, exposure to teratogens (substances that cause birth defects), and maternal infections during pregnancy are some of the common causes of multiple congenital abnormalities.

Examples of multiple congenital abnormalities include Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and VATER/VACTERL association. Acquired multiple abnormalities can result from conditions such as trauma, infection, degenerative diseases, or cancer.

The medical evaluation and management of individuals with multiple abnormalities depend on the specific abnormalities present and their impact on the individual's health and functioning. A multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals is often involved in the care of these individuals to address their complex needs.

Gestational age is the length of time that has passed since the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP) in pregnant women. It is the standard unit used to estimate the age of a pregnancy and is typically expressed in weeks. This measure is used because the exact date of conception is often not known, but the start of the last menstrual period is usually easier to recall.

It's important to note that since ovulation typically occurs around two weeks after the start of the LMP, gestational age is approximately two weeks longer than fetal age, which is the actual time elapsed since conception. Medical professionals use both gestational and fetal age to track the development and growth of the fetus during pregnancy.

Thoracotomy is a surgical procedure that involves making an incision on the chest wall to gain access to the thoracic cavity, which contains the lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, and other vital organs. The incision can be made on the side (lateral thoracotomy), back (posterolateral thoracotomy), or front (median sternotomy) of the chest wall, depending on the specific surgical indication.

Thoracotomy is performed for various indications, including lung biopsy, lung resection, esophagectomy, heart surgery, and mediastinal mass removal. The procedure allows the surgeon to directly visualize and access the organs within the thoracic cavity, perform necessary procedures, and control bleeding if needed.

After the procedure, the incision is typically closed with sutures or staples, and a chest tube may be placed to drain any accumulated fluid or air from the pleural space around the lungs. The patient will require postoperative care and monitoring in a hospital setting until their condition stabilizes.

Endoscopy of the digestive system, also known as gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, is a medical procedure that allows healthcare professionals to visually examine the inside lining of the digestive tract using a flexible tube with a light and camera attached to it, called an endoscope. This procedure can help diagnose and treat various conditions affecting the digestive system, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and cancer.

There are several types of endoscopy procedures that focus on different parts of the digestive tract:

1. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD): This procedure examines the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). It is often used to investigate symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, abdominal pain, or bleeding in the upper GI tract.
2. Colonoscopy: This procedure explores the large intestine (colon) and rectum. It is commonly performed to screen for colon cancer, as well as to diagnose and treat conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulosis, or polyps.
3. Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy, this procedure examines the lower part of the colon (sigmoid colon) and rectum. It is often used as a screening tool for colon cancer and to investigate symptoms like rectal bleeding or changes in bowel habits.
4. Upper GI endoscopy: This procedure focuses on the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, using a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera attached to it. It is used to diagnose and treat conditions such as GERD, ulcers, and difficulty swallowing.
5. Capsule endoscopy: This procedure involves swallowing a small capsule containing a camera that captures images of the digestive tract as it passes through. It can help diagnose conditions in the small intestine that may be difficult to reach with traditional endoscopes.

Endoscopy is typically performed under sedation or anesthesia to ensure patient comfort during the procedure. The images captured by the endoscope are displayed on a monitor, allowing the healthcare provider to assess the condition of the digestive tract and make informed treatment decisions.

The omentum, in anatomical terms, refers to a large apron-like fold of abdominal fatty tissue that hangs down from the stomach and loops over the intestines. It is divided into two portions: the greater omentum, which is larger and hangs down further, and the lesser omentum, which is smaller and connects the stomach to the liver.

The omentum has several functions in the body, including providing protection and cushioning for the abdominal organs, assisting with the immune response by containing a large number of immune cells, and helping to repair damaged tissues. It can also serve as a source of nutrients and energy for the body during times of starvation or other stressors.

In medical contexts, the omentum may be surgically mobilized and used to wrap around injured or inflamed tissues in order to promote healing and reduce the risk of infection. This technique is known as an "omentopexy" or "omentoplasty."

Manometry is a medical test that measures pressure inside various parts of the gastrointestinal tract. It is often used to help diagnose digestive disorders such as achalasia, gastroparesis, and irritable bowel syndrome. During the test, a thin, flexible tube called a manometer is inserted through the mouth or rectum and into the area being tested. The tube is connected to a machine that measures and records pressure readings. These readings can help doctors identify any abnormalities in muscle function or nerve reflexes within the digestive tract.

A "learning curve" is not a medical term per se, but rather a general concept that is used in various fields including medicine. It refers to the process of acquiring new skills or knowledge in a specific task or activity, and the improvement in performance that comes with experience and practice over time.

In a medical context, a learning curve may refer to the rate at which healthcare professionals acquire proficiency in a new procedure, technique, or technology. It can also describe how quickly patients learn to manage their own health conditions or treatments. The term is often used to evaluate the effectiveness of training programs and to identify areas where additional education or practice may be necessary.

It's important to note that individuals may have different learning curves depending on factors such as prior experience, innate abilities, motivation, and access to resources. Therefore, it's essential to tailor training and support to the needs of each learner to ensure optimal outcomes.

Veterinary surgery refers to the surgical procedures performed on animals by trained veterinarians or veterinary surgeons. It involves the use of various surgical techniques and tools to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases and injuries in animals. This can include soft tissue surgeries such as abdominal or thoracic surgeries, orthopedic surgeries for bone and joint issues, neurological surgeries, oncological surgeries for the removal of tumors, and reconstructive surgeries. Veterinary surgeons must complete extensive education and training in order to provide safe and effective surgical care for animals.

Polyglactin 910 is a type of synthetic absorbable suture made from copolymers of lactide and glycolide. It is designed to gradually break down and be absorbed by the body over time, typically within 56 to 70 days after being used in surgical wounds. This property makes it an ideal choice for soft tissue approximation and laceration repairs.

Polyglactin 910 sutures are often used in various surgical procedures, including orthopedic, ophthalmic, cardiovascular, and general surgery. They come in different sizes and forms, such as plain, reverse cutting, and braided, to suit various surgical needs.

The gradual absorption of Polyglactin 910 sutures helps minimize scarring and reduces the need for suture removal procedures. However, it is essential to note that inflammation may occur during the degradation process, which could potentially lead to adverse reactions in some individuals. Proper wound care and follow-up with healthcare professionals are crucial to ensure optimal healing and manage any potential complications.

The perineum is the region between the anus and the genitals. In anatomical terms, it refers to the diamond-shaped area located in the lower part of the pelvis and extends from the coccyx (tailbone) to the pubic symphysis, which is the joint in the front where the two pubic bones meet. This region contains various muscles that support the pelvic floor and contributes to maintaining urinary and fecal continence. The perineum can be further divided into two triangular regions: the urogenital triangle (anterior) and the anal triangle (posterior).

"Acute abdomen" is a medical term used to describe a sudden and severe abdominal pain that requires immediate medical attention. This condition can be caused by various factors such as inflammation, infection, obstruction, or perforation of the abdominal organs. Common causes of acute abdomen include appendicitis, cholecystitis, diverticulitis, intestinal obstruction, and perforated ulcers.

The symptoms of acute abdomen may include severe and localized or generalized abdominal pain, tenderness, rigidity, rebound tenderness, fever, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. The diagnosis of acute abdomen is usually made based on the patient's history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies such as X-rays, ultrasound, or CT scan.

Treatment of acute abdomen depends on the underlying cause and may include antibiotics, intravenous fluids, pain management, and surgery in severe cases. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of acute abdomen can lead to serious complications such as sepsis, peritonitis, and even death.

Barium sulfate is a medication that is commonly used as a contrast material in medical imaging procedures, such as X-rays and CT scans. It works by coating the inside of the digestive tract, making it visible on an X-ray or CT scan and allowing doctors to see detailed images of the stomach, intestines, and other parts of the digestive system.

Barium sulfate is a white, chalky powder that is mixed with water to create a thick, milky liquid. It is generally safe and does not cause significant side effects when used in medical imaging procedures. However, it should not be taken by individuals who have a known allergy to barium or who have certain digestive conditions, such as obstructions or perforations of the bowel.

It's important to note that while barium sulfate is an important tool for medical diagnosis, it is not a treatment for any medical condition and should only be used under the direction of a healthcare professional.

Minimally invasive surgical procedures are a type of surgery that is performed with the assistance of specialized equipment and techniques to minimize trauma to the patient's body. This approach aims to reduce blood loss, pain, and recovery time as compared to traditional open surgeries. The most common minimally invasive surgical procedure is laparoscopy, which involves making small incisions (usually 0.5-1 cm) in the abdomen or chest and inserting a thin tube with a camera (laparoscope) to visualize the internal organs.

The surgeon then uses long, slender instruments inserted through separate incisions to perform the necessary surgical procedures, such as cutting, coagulation, or suturing. Other types of minimally invasive surgical procedures include arthroscopy (for joint surgery), thoracoscopy (for chest surgery), and hysteroscopy (for uterine surgery). The benefits of minimally invasive surgical procedures include reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, quicker return to normal activities, and improved cosmetic results. However, not all surgeries can be performed using minimally invasive techniques, and the suitability of a particular procedure depends on various factors, including the patient's overall health, the nature and extent of the surgical problem, and the surgeon's expertise.

A fibrin tissue adhesive is a type of surgical glue that is used to approximate and secure together cut or wounded tissues in the body during surgical procedures. It is made from fibrin, a protein involved in blood clotting, and is often combined with other substances like thrombin and calcium chloride to promote clot formation and enhance adhesion.

Fibrin tissue adhesives work by mimicking the body's natural clotting process. When applied to the wound site, the fibrinogen component of the adhesive is converted into fibrin by the thrombin component, creating a stable fibrin clot that holds the edges of the wound together. This helps to promote healing and reduce the risk of complications such as bleeding or infection.

Fibrin tissue adhesives are commonly used in various surgical procedures, including dermatologic, ophthalmic, orthopedic, and neurologic surgeries. They offer several advantages over traditional suturing methods, such as reduced operation time, less trauma to the tissues, and improved cosmetic outcomes. However, they may not be suitable for all types of wounds or surgical sites, and their use should be determined by a qualified healthcare professional based on individual patient needs and circumstances.

Cryptorchidism is a medical condition in which one or both of a male infant's testicles fail to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum before birth or within the first year of life. Normally, the testicles descend from the abdomen into the scrotum during fetal development in the second trimester. If the testicles do not descend on their own, medical intervention may be necessary to correct the condition.

Cryptorchidism is a common birth defect, affecting about 3-5% of full-term and 30% of preterm male infants. In most cases, the testicle will descend on its own within the first six months of life. If it does not, treatment may be necessary to prevent complications such as infertility, testicular cancer, and inguinal hernia.

Treatment for cryptorchidism typically involves surgery to bring the testicle down into the scrotum. This procedure is called orchiopexy and is usually performed before the age of 2. In some cases, hormonal therapy may be used as an alternative to surgery. However, this approach has limited success and is generally only recommended in certain situations.

Overall, cryptorchidism is a treatable condition that can help prevent future health problems if addressed early on. Regular check-ups with a pediatrician or healthcare provider can help ensure timely diagnosis and treatment of this condition.

Intestinal perforation is a medical condition that refers to a hole or tear in the lining of the intestine. This can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract, including the small intestine, large intestine (colon), or stomach. Intestinal perforation allows the contents of the intestines, such as digestive enzymes and bacteria, to leak into the abdominal cavity, which can lead to a serious inflammatory response known as peritonitis.

Intestinal perforation can be caused by various factors, including:

* Mechanical trauma (e.g., gunshot wounds, stab wounds)
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis)
* Diverticulitis
* Appendicitis
* Intestinal obstruction
* Infections (e.g., typhoid fever, tuberculosis)
* Certain medications (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids)
* Radiation therapy
* Ischemic bowel disease (lack of blood flow to the intestines)

Symptoms of intestinal perforation may include sudden abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and decreased bowel movements. Treatment typically involves surgery to repair the perforation and remove any damaged tissue. Antibiotics are also administered to prevent infection. In severe cases, a temporary or permanent colostomy or ileostomy may be necessary.

Pregnancy is a physiological state or condition where a fertilized egg (zygote) successfully implants and grows in the uterus of a woman, leading to the development of an embryo and finally a fetus. This process typically spans approximately 40 weeks, divided into three trimesters, and culminates in childbirth. Throughout this period, numerous hormonal and physical changes occur to support the growing offspring, including uterine enlargement, breast development, and various maternal adaptations to ensure the fetus's optimal growth and well-being.

Artificial Skin is a synthetic substitute or equivalent that is used to replace, support, or enhance the function of damaged or absent skin. It can be made from various materials such as biopolymers, composites, or biosynthetic materials. The main purpose of artificial skin is to provide a temporary or permanent covering for wounds, burns, or ulcers that cannot be healed with conventional treatments. Additionally, it may serve as a platform for the delivery of medications or as a matrix for the growth of cells and tissues during skin grafting procedures. Artificial skin must possess properties such as biocompatibility, durability, flexibility, and permeability to air and water vapor in order to promote optimal healing and minimize scarring.

Thoracic radiography is a type of diagnostic imaging that involves using X-rays to produce images of the chest, including the lungs, heart, bronchi, great vessels, and the bones of the spine and chest wall. It is a commonly used tool in the diagnosis and management of various respiratory, cardiovascular, and thoracic disorders such as pneumonia, lung cancer, heart failure, and rib fractures.

During the procedure, the patient is positioned between an X-ray machine and a cassette containing a film or digital detector. The X-ray beam is directed at the chest, and the resulting image is captured on the film or detector. The images produced can help identify any abnormalities in the structure or function of the organs within the chest.

Thoracic radiography may be performed as a routine screening test for certain conditions, such as lung cancer, or it may be ordered when a patient presents with symptoms suggestive of a respiratory or cardiovascular disorder. It is a safe and non-invasive procedure that can provide valuable information to help guide clinical decision making and improve patient outcomes.

In the field of medicine, "time factors" refer to the duration of symptoms or time elapsed since the onset of a medical condition, which can have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding time factors is crucial in determining the progression of a disease, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and making critical decisions regarding patient care.

For example, in stroke management, "time is brain," meaning that rapid intervention within a specific time frame (usually within 4.5 hours) is essential to administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug that can minimize brain damage and improve patient outcomes. Similarly, in trauma care, the "golden hour" concept emphasizes the importance of providing definitive care within the first 60 minutes after injury to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity.

Time factors also play a role in monitoring the progression of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease, where regular follow-ups and assessments help determine appropriate treatment adjustments and prevent complications. In infectious diseases, time factors are crucial for initiating antibiotic therapy and identifying potential outbreaks to control their spread.

Overall, "time factors" encompass the significance of recognizing and acting promptly in various medical scenarios to optimize patient outcomes and provide effective care.

"Conversion to open surgery" is a medical term that refers to the situation when a surgical procedure, which was initially being performed using minimally invasive techniques (such as laparoscopy or thoracoscopy), needs to be changed to an open approach during the operation. This conversion may be necessary due to various reasons such as unforeseen technical difficulties, excessive bleeding, or discovery of unexpected surgical findings that cannot be safely managed using the minimally invasive approach. The decision to convert to an open surgery is typically made by the operating surgeon in order to ensure the safety and well-being of the patient.

Tensile strength is a material property that measures the maximum amount of tensile (pulling) stress that a material can withstand before failure, such as breaking or fracturing. It is usually measured in units of force per unit area, such as pounds per square inch (psi) or pascals (Pa). In the context of medical devices or biomaterials, tensile strength may be used to describe the mechanical properties of materials used in implants, surgical tools, or other medical equipment. High tensile strength is often desirable in these applications to ensure that the material can withstand the stresses and forces it will encounter during use.

The lumbosacral region is the lower part of the back where the lumbar spine (five vertebrae in the lower back) connects with the sacrum (a triangular bone at the base of the spine). This region is subject to various conditions such as sprains, strains, herniated discs, and degenerative disorders that can cause pain and discomfort. It's also a common site for surgical intervention when non-surgical treatments fail to provide relief.

The mesocolon is a peritoneal fold that attaches the colon to the posterior abdominal wall. It contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves that supply the colon. The mesocolon allows for the mobility and flexibility of the colon within the abdominal cavity. There are several parts of the mesocolon, including the mesentery of the ascending colon (right mesocolon), the transverse mesocolon, and the mesentery of the descending and sigmoid colon (left mesocolon).

Endoscopy is a medical procedure that involves the use of an endoscope, which is a flexible tube with a light and camera at the end, to examine the interior of a body cavity or organ. The endoscope is inserted through a natural opening in the body, such as the mouth or anus, or through a small incision. The images captured by the camera are transmitted to a monitor, allowing the physician to visualize the internal structures and detect any abnormalities, such as inflammation, ulcers, or tumors. Endoscopy can also be used for diagnostic purposes, such as taking tissue samples for biopsy, or for therapeutic purposes, such as removing polyps or performing minimally invasive surgeries.

The umbilicus, also known as the navel, is the scar left on the abdominal wall after the removal of the umbilical cord in a newborn. The umbilical cord connects the developing fetus to the placenta in the uterus during pregnancy, providing essential nutrients and oxygen while removing waste products. After birth, the cord is clamped and cut, leaving behind a small stump that eventually dries up and falls off, leaving the umbilicus. In adults, it typically appears as a slight depression or dimple on the abdomen.

Rectal prolapse is a medical condition where the rectum, which is the lower end of the colon, slips outside the anus, the opening through which stool leaves the body. This usually occurs due to weakened muscles and supporting structures in the pelvic area, often as a result of aging, childbirth, or long-term constipation or diarrhea.

The rectal prolapse can be partial, where only a small portion of the rectum slips outside the anus, or complete, where the entire rectum protrudes. This condition can cause discomfort, pain, bleeding, and difficulty with bowel movements. Treatment options may include dietary changes, medication, or surgical intervention.

Gastrointestinal endoscopy is a medical procedure that allows direct visualization of the inner lining of the digestive tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), and sometimes the upper part of the small intestine (duodenum). This procedure is performed using an endoscope, a long, thin, flexible tube with a light and camera at its tip. The endoscope is inserted through the mouth for upper endoscopy or through the rectum for lower endoscopy (colonoscopy), and the images captured by the camera are transmitted to a monitor for the physician to view.

Gastrointestinal endoscopy can help diagnose various conditions, such as inflammation, ulcers, tumors, polyps, or bleeding in the digestive tract. It can also be used for therapeutic purposes, such as removing polyps, taking tissue samples (biopsies), treating bleeding, and performing other interventions to manage certain digestive diseases.

There are different types of gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures, including:

1. Upper Endoscopy (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy or EGD): This procedure examines the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.
2. Colonoscopy: This procedure examines the colon and rectum.
3. Sigmoidoscopy: A limited examination of the lower part of the colon (sigmoid colon) using a shorter endoscope.
4. Enteroscopy: An examination of the small intestine, which can be performed using various techniques, such as push enteroscopy, single-balloon enteroscopy, or double-balloon enteroscopy.
5. Capsule Endoscopy: A procedure that involves swallowing a small capsule containing a camera, which captures images of the digestive tract as it passes through.

Gastrointestinal endoscopy is generally considered safe when performed by experienced medical professionals. However, like any medical procedure, there are potential risks and complications, such as bleeding, infection, perforation, or adverse reactions to sedatives used during the procedure. Patients should discuss these risks with their healthcare provider before undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy.

An emergency is a sudden, unexpected situation that requires immediate medical attention to prevent serious harm, permanent disability, or death. Emergencies can include severe injuries, trauma, cardiac arrest, stroke, difficulty breathing, severe allergic reactions, and other life-threatening conditions. In such situations, prompt medical intervention is necessary to stabilize the patient's condition, diagnose the underlying problem, and provide appropriate treatment.

Emergency medical services (EMS) are responsible for providing emergency care to patients outside of a hospital setting, such as in the home, workplace, or public place. EMS personnel include emergency medical technicians (EMTs), paramedics, and other first responders who are trained to assess a patient's condition, provide basic life support, and transport the patient to a hospital for further treatment.

In a hospital setting, an emergency department (ED) is a specialized unit that provides immediate care to patients with acute illnesses or injuries. ED staff includes physicians, nurses, and other healthcare professionals who are trained to handle a wide range of medical emergencies. The ED is equipped with advanced medical technology and resources to provide prompt diagnosis and treatment for critically ill or injured patients.

Overall, the goal of emergency medical care is to stabilize the patient's condition, prevent further harm, and provide timely and effective treatment to improve outcomes and save lives.

Nonpenetrating wounds are a type of trauma or injury to the body that do not involve a break in the skin or underlying tissues. These wounds can result from blunt force trauma, such as being struck by an object or falling onto a hard surface. They can also result from crushing injuries, where significant force is applied to a body part, causing damage to internal structures without breaking the skin.

Nonpenetrating wounds can cause a range of injuries, including bruising, swelling, and damage to internal organs, muscles, bones, and other tissues. The severity of the injury depends on the force of the trauma, the location of the impact, and the individual's overall health and age.

While nonpenetrating wounds may not involve a break in the skin, they can still be serious and require medical attention. If you have experienced blunt force trauma or suspect a nonpenetrating wound, it is important to seek medical care to assess the extent of the injury and receive appropriate treatment.

Fetoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that allows direct visualization of the fetus and the intrauterine environment through the use of a fiber-optic scope. It is typically performed during the second trimester of pregnancy to diagnose or treat various fetal conditions, such as twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, or spina bifida. The procedure involves inserting a thin tube called a fetoscope through the mother's abdomen and uterus to access the fetus. Fetoscopy can also be used for taking fetal tissue samples for genetic testing.

It is important to note that while fetoscopy can provide valuable information and treatment options, it does carry some risks, including preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes, infection, and bleeding. Therefore, the decision to undergo fetoscopy should be made carefully, in consultation with a medical professional, and based on a thorough evaluation of the potential benefits and risks.

Prostheses: Artificial substitutes or replacements for missing body parts, such as limbs, eyes, or teeth. They are designed to restore the function, appearance, or mobility of the lost part. Prosthetic devices can be categorized into several types, including:

1. External prostheses: Devices that are attached to the outside of the body, like artificial arms, legs, hands, and feet. These may be further classified into:
a. Cosmetic or aesthetic prostheses: Primarily designed to improve the appearance of the affected area.
b. Functional prostheses: Designed to help restore the functionality and mobility of the lost limb.
2. Internal prostheses: Implanted artificial parts that replace missing internal organs, bones, or tissues, such as heart valves, hip joints, or intraocular lenses.

Implants: Medical devices or substances that are intentionally placed inside the body to replace or support a missing or damaged biological structure, deliver medication, monitor physiological functions, or enhance bodily functions. Examples of implants include:

1. Orthopedic implants: Devices used to replace or reinforce damaged bones, joints, or cartilage, such as knee or hip replacements.
2. Cardiovascular implants: Devices that help support or regulate heart function, like pacemakers, defibrillators, and artificial heart valves.
3. Dental implants: Artificial tooth roots that are placed into the jawbone to support dental prostheses, such as crowns, bridges, or dentures.
4. Neurological implants: Devices used to stimulate nerves, brain structures, or spinal cord tissues to treat various neurological conditions, like deep brain stimulators for Parkinson's disease or cochlear implants for hearing loss.
5. Ophthalmic implants: Artificial lenses that are placed inside the eye to replace a damaged or removed natural lens, such as intraocular lenses used in cataract surgery.

Acellular dermis is a type of processed connective tissue graft used in surgical procedures, particularly in reconstructive surgery. It is derived from human or animal skin, but has had the epidermis and cells of the dermis removed, leaving behind the intact extracellular matrix (ECM). This ECM includes proteins such as collagen and elastin, which provide structural support, and growth factors, which can help to stimulate tissue regeneration.

The acellular nature of the graft means that it is less likely to be rejected by the recipient's immune system, making it a useful option for patients who may not be good candidates for autografts (tissue transplanted from another part of their own body) or allografts (tissue transplanted from another person). Acellular dermis can be used to repair and rebuild damaged skin, as well as to augment soft tissue in areas such as the face and breast.

There are several different brands and types of acellular dermis available, each with its own specific composition and indications for use. Some common examples include AlloDerm, FlexHD, and Integra Dermal Regeneration Template. The choice of graft may depend on factors such as the size and location of the defect being treated, as well as the patient's individual needs and medical history.

Broad ligament hernia, of the uterus. Double indirect hernia: an indirect inguinal hernia with two hernia sacs, without a ... Look up hernia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hernias. Hernia at Curlie "hernia". ... Paraumbilical hernia: a type of umbilical hernia occurring in adults Perineal hernia: a perineal hernia protrudes through the ... Umbilical hernia Epigastric hernia: a hernia through the linea alba above the umbilicus. Spigelian hernia, also known as ...
A retrocolic hernia is a medical condition consisting of the entrapment of portions of the small intestine behind the mesocolon ... v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Hernias, All stub articles, Disease stubs). ...
An obturator hernia is a rare type of hernia, encompassing 0.07-1% of all hernias, of the pelvic floor in which pelvic or ... and small bowel hernia. Due to the rare nature of the obturator hernia, the causes of the hernia is not widely studied, and ... Laparoscopic hernia repair is a minimally invasive technique which allows for good visualization of the hernia and potential ... Most hernias, including obturator hernias, have a strong rate of recurrence. After clinical intervention, mesh vs. non-mesh ...
Spigelian hernias are rare compared to other types of hernias because they do not develop under abdominal layers of fat but ... Spiegel was the first to describe this rare hernia in 1627. The history of the Spigelian hernia became acknowledged in 1645, ... Tom, SK; Tom, TN (2019). "Laparoscopic Repair of Right Spigelian Hernia and Umbilical Hernia. - PubMed - NCBI". The American ... Raveenthiran V (Dec 2005). "Congenital Spigelian hernia with cryptorchidism: probably a new syndrome". Hernia. 9 (4): 378-80. ...
... is a rare form of an inguinal hernia (less than 1% of inguinal hernias) which occurs when the appendix is ... Littré's hernia De Garengeot's hernia Cankorkmaz, Levent; Ozer, Hatice; Guney, Cengiz; Atalar, Mehmet H.; Arslan, Mehmet S.; ... Amyand's hernia is commonly misdiagnosed as an ordinary incarcerated hernia. Symptoms mimicking appendicitis may occur. ... Amyand's Hernia at Who Named It? Amyand, Claudius (1735). "Of an inguinal rupture, with a pin in the appendix caeci, incrusted ...
... is a hernia involving the perineum (pelvic floor). The hernia may contain fluid, fat, any part of the intestine ... A common cause of perineal hernia is surgery involving the perineum.[medical citation needed] Perineal hernia can be caused ... In dogs, perineal hernia usually is found on the right side. Most cases are in older intact (not neutered) male dogs (93 ... Perineal hernias are rare in female dogs and uncommon in cats. Dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia have been found to have ...
"Hernia - Health". www.patient.co.uk. 22 January 2023. "Hernia Repair". www.nnuh.nhs.uk. Archived from the original on 2004-09- ... However for best long term success most hernias require a permanent barrier to cover the defect much like repairing a hole in a ... A paraumbilical (or umbilical) hernia is a hole in the connective tissue of the abdominal wall in the midline with close ... There is no medical treatment to cure a hernia. It requires surgical intervention which involves closing the hole. If the hole ...
Sliding hernias are the most common type and account for 95% of all hiatal hernias. (C) Type II: A type II hernia, also known ... A hiatal hernia or hiatus hernia is a type of hernia in which abdominal organs (typically the stomach) slip through the ... D) Type III: Type III hernias have elements of both types I and II hernias. With progressive enlargement of the hernia through ... showing Type I hiatal hernia A hiatal hernia as seen on CT A large hiatal hernia as seen on CT imaging A large hiatal hernia as ...
An epigastric hernia is a type of hernia that causes fat to push through a weakened area in the walls of the abdomen. It may ... Epigastric hernia becomes a problem when the hernia becomes incarcerated or loses blood supply to that area. This can be life- ... Unlike the benign diastasis recti, epigastric hernia may trap fat and other tissues inside the opening of the hernia, causing ... "Abdominal Wall Hernias , Michigan Medicine". www.uofmhealth.org. Retrieved 2019-05-14. Sallam, Raouf Mahmoud; El-sayed, Ahmed ...
... (Hernia-in-W) is a rare type of hernia and may be lethal if undiagnosed. The hernial sac contains two loops of ... Maydl's hernia should be suspected in patients with large incarcerated herniae and in patients with evidence of intra-abdominal ... "Maydl's hernia". Whonamedit?. Retrieved 2017-08-23. (CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list, Hernias). ... Postural or manual reduction of the hernia is contra-indicated as it may result in non-viable bowel being missed. It is named ...
Both internal hernias and umbilical hernias are more common in women than men. Bittner JG, Edwards MA, Harrison SJ, Li K, ... Internal hernias can also trap adipose tissue (fat) and nerves. Unlike more common forms of hernias, the trapped tissue ... Internal hernias occur when there is protrusion of an internal organ into a retroperitoneal fossa or a foramen (congenital or ... The hernia can typically only be detected when symptoms are present, so diagnosis requires positioning the woman's body in a ...
Another type of acquired umbilical hernias are incisional hernias, which are hernia developing in a scar following abdominal ... Importantly, an umbilical hernia must be distinguished from a paraumbilical hernia, which occurs in adults and involves a ... Small umbilical hernias are often successfully repaired with suture, while larger hernias may require a suitable mesh, although ... Most surgeons will not repair the hernia until 5-6 years after the baby is born. Most umbilical hernias in infants and children ...
A Littre hernia is a very rare type of hernia which occurs when a Meckel's diverticulum protrudes through a defect in the ... Sarofim, Mina; Ashrafizadeh, Amir; Kabir, Shahrir (2022-10-27). "A new hernia: Meckel's diverticulum within a parastomal hernia ... "Littre's hernia: a systematic review of the literature". Hernia. 23 (1): 125-130. doi:10.1007/s10029-018-1867-0. ISSN 1248-9204 ... This hernia may occur in a number of anatomical locations, typically in the inguinal region (50%), umbilicus (20%) or femoral ...
It is a relatively rare but dangerous type of hernia. Richter's hernia have also been noted in laparoscopic port-sites, usually ... A Richter's hernia occurs when the antimesenteric wall of the intestine protrudes through a defect in the abdominal wall. This ... A Richter's hernia can result in strangulation and necrosis in the absence of intestinal obstruction. ... "General Surgery." Board Review Series, LWW&W, 2000, pp220 Rammohan A, RM Naidu.Laparoscopic port site Richter's hernia - An ...
Inguinal hernias, in turn, belong to groin hernias, which also includes femoral hernias. A femoral hernia is not via the ... Indirect inguinal hernia is still the most common groin hernia for females. If a woman has an indirect inguinal hernia, her ... The hernia truss (or hernia belt) is intended to contain a reducible inguinal hernia within the abdomen. It is not considered ... An inguinal hernia or groin hernia, is a hernia (protrusion) of abdominal cavity contents through the inguinal canal. Symptoms ...
Femoral hernias are a relatively uncommon type, accounting for only 3% of all hernias. While femoral hernias can occur in both ... Thus, an irreducible, obstructed hernia can also be called an incarcerated one." "Incarcerated hernia is a hernia that cannot ... Several subtypes of femoral hernia have been described. Femoral hernias, like most other hernias, usually need operative ... A hernia is caused by the protrusion of a viscus (in the case of groin hernias, an intra-abdominal organ) through a weakness in ...
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia Morgagni's hernia Bochdalek hernia Hiatal hernia Iatrogenic diaphragmatic hernia Traumatic ... Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia is a type of hernia more common in other mammals. This is usually treated with ... Diaphragmatic hernia is a defect or hole in the diaphragm that allows the abdominal contents to move into the chest cavity. ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Diaphragmatic hernia. v t e v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is ...
A groin hernia may refer to: Inguinal hernia, a hernia through the inguinal canal Femoral hernia, a hernia through the femoral ... canal Velpeau hernia, a rare hernia in the groin in front of the femoral blood vessels This disambiguation page lists articles ... associated with the title Groin hernia. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to ...
... ventral incisional hernias are often also classified as ventral hernias due to their location. Not all ventral hernias are from ... An incisional hernia is a type of hernia caused by an incompletely-healed surgical wound. Since median incisions in the abdomen ... Hernias in these areas have a high rate of recurrence if repaired via a simple suture technique under tension. For this reason ... Clinically, incisional hernias present as a bulge or protrusion at or near the area of a surgical incision. Virtually any prior ...
... is one of two forms of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia, the other form being Morgagni hernia. A Bochdalek ... Bochdalek hernias occur more commonly on the posterior left side (85%, versus right side 15%). Bochdalek hernias are rare. This ... Bochdalek hernia can be a life-threatening condition. Approximately 85.3% of newborns born with a Bochdalek hernia are ... Bochdalek hernias, along with Morgagni hernias, are both multifactor conditions, meaning that there are many reasons and ...
... (Sibson hernia) is a protrusion of lung outside of thoracic wall. In 20% patients with lung hernia, the incidence ... In 80% of the cases, the hernia is noted after chest trauma, thoracic surgery or certain pulmonary diseases. Congenital hernia ... Although lung hernias are rare and usually benign in nature, it is important for physicians to be aware that these entities do ... Lung hernia may occur near the neck (cervical), between the ribs (intercostal), near the vertebrae (paravertebral) or near the ...
Fascial hernias in the form of nodules appear in the skin where the deep and superficial veins meet going through the fascia, ... ISBN 0-7216-2921-0. v t e (Dermal and subcutaneous growths, Hernias, All stub articles, Dermal and subcutaneous growth stubs). ...
... and therefore this hernia has a lower risk of strangulating than some other hernias. Petit's hernia occurs more often in males ... Petit's hernia is a hernia that protrudes through the lumbar triangle (aka Petit's triangle). This triangle lies in the ... Grynfeltt-Lesshaft hernia Lawrence, Peter F.; Bell, Richard M.; Dayton, Merril T.; Hebert, James (2013). Essentials of General ... The neck (the spot where the hernia protrudes into the opening) is large, ...
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Coleophora hernia. Wikispecies has information related to Coleophora hernia. v t e ( ... Coleophora hernia is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Turkey. Larvae have been reared on Herniaria incana. ...
Open hernia repair is when an incision is made in the skin directly over the hernia. Laparoscopic hernia repair is when ... European Hernia Society guidelines on the treatment of inguinal hernia in adult patients. American Hernia Society Surgery ... Hernia repair is a surgical operation for the correction of a hernia-a bulging of internal organs or tissues through the wall ... Hernia repair is often performed as an ambulatory procedure. The first differentiating factor in hernia repair is whether the ...
"Welcome to Shouldice Hernia Hospital, The Global Leader in Non-Mesh Hernia Repair". Shouldice Hospital. Shouldice Hospital. ... The hospital performs hernia repairs on over 6,500 patients a year.[better source needed] Everything in the hospital is ... The success of its method has been cited to the fact that Shouldice surgeons solely do hernia operations. The facility was the ... It works solely on hernia repair. It uses a natural tissue, tension free, technique developed during World War II by Dr. ...
... (CDH) is a birth defect of the diaphragm. The most common type of CDH is a Bochdalek hernia; ... The Bochdalek hernia, also known as a postero-lateral diaphragmatic hernia, is the most common manifestation of CDH, accounting ... Pediatric Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia at eMedicine Wikimedia Commons has media related to Congenital diaphragmatic hernia. ... "Deadly hernia corrected in womb - Surgeons have developed an operation to repair a potentially fatal abnormality in babies ...
... hernias. Hernia 11(3):289-290 (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Hernias). ... De Garengeot's hernia is a rare subtype of an incarcerated femoral hernia. This eponym may be used to describe the ... Akopian G, Alexander M (2005). "De Garengeot hernia: appendicitis within a femoral hernia". Am Surg. 71 (6): 526-7. PMID ... Comman A, Gaetzscmann P, Hanner T, Behrend M (2007). "De Garengeot hernia: transabdominal preperitoneal hernia repair and ...
... is a herniation of abdominal contents through the back, specifically through the superior lumbar ... Grynfeltt described a hernia through the superior lumbar triangle in 1866 (Grynfeltt, 1866). In 1870, Lesshaft independently ... v t e (Hernias, All stub articles, Surgery stubs). ... reported a similar case (Lesshaft, 1870). Petit's hernia ...
Inguinal hernia is the most common type of hernia and consist of about 75% of all hernia surgery cases in the US. Inguinal ... Groin hernias account for almost 75% of all abdominal wall hernias with the lifetime risk of an inguinal hernia in men and ... "About Hernias , Hernia Surgery , SUNY Upstate Medical University". www.upstate.edu. Retrieved 2022-09-13. "Inguinal Hernia: ... indirect inguinal hernias are still the most common subtype of groin hernia in both males and females. Inguinal hernia surgery ...
Broad ligament hernia, of the uterus. Double indirect hernia: an indirect inguinal hernia with two hernia sacs, without a ... Look up hernia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hernias. Hernia at Curlie "hernia". ... Paraumbilical hernia: a type of umbilical hernia occurring in adults Perineal hernia: a perineal hernia protrudes through the ... Umbilical hernia Epigastric hernia: a hernia through the linea alba above the umbilicus. Spigelian hernia, also known as ...
Open hernia repair is when an incision is made in the skin directly over the hernia. Laparoscopic hernia repair is when ... Hernia repair is often performed as an ambulatory procedure. Techniques[edit]. Inguinal hernia repair[edit]. .mw-parser-output ... Hernia repair is a surgical operation for the correction of a hernia-a bulging of internal organs or tissues through the wall ... Main article: Inguinal hernia repair. The first differentiating factor in hernia repair is whether the surgery is done open, or ...
An umbilical hernia is an outward bulge in the area around the belly button. It occurs when internal organs or the abdominal ... An umbilical hernia is an outward bulge in the area around the belly button. It occurs when internal organs or the abdominal ... Most hernias in children heal on their own. Surgery to repair the hernia is needed only in the following cases:. *The hernia ... Hernias may be seen after birth or later in life.. Umbilical hernias are common in infants. They occur slightly more often in ...
Tag: Strangulated Hernia. Strangulated, Shaken and Inverted, for medical reasons. February 20, 2013. Marc Abrahams ... For details of this study ("Cases of Strangulated Hernia, Treated by Inflation of the Bowels, and by Shaking the Patient Whilst ...
Although the existence of hiatal hernia has been described in earlier medical literature, it has come under scrutiny only in ... A hiatal hernia occurs when a portion of the stomach prolapses through the diaphragmatic esophageal hiatus. ... The image below depicts a paraesophageal hiatal hernia.. Hiatal Hernia. A paraesophageal hernia is seen on an upper ... Acquired hiatal hernias are divided further into nontraumatic and traumatic hernias. The most common types of hernias are those ...
Learn how a hernia is diagnosed and treated from experts at WebMD. ... How Is a Hernia Diagnosed?. A physical exam by your health care provider is often enough to diagnose a hernia. Sometimes hernia ... What Are the Treatments for A Hernia?. In babies, umbilical hernias may heal themselves within four years, making surgery ... Conventional Medicine for a Hernia. Hernia surgery is performed under either local or general anesthesia. The surgeon ...
The Ventrio™ Hernia Patch is indicated for use in the reconstruction of soft tissue deficiencies, such as for the repair of ... r\n,p>,b>INDICATIONS,/b>,/p>\r\n,p>The Ventrio™ Hernia Patch is indicated for use in the reconstruction of soft tissue ... 1. Do not cut or reshape the Ventrio™ Hernia Patch, as this could affect its effectiveness. Care should be taken not to cut or ... The Ventrio™ Hernia Patchs unique design and technique offer patients the benefits of an intraabdominal repair, while offering ...
A hernia is a weakness in the abdominal wall, that often results in bulging out of fat, which then occupies space under the ... Treatment for Hernia. Healing Hands Clinic is a specialized clinic for treatment of Hernia in India. One of the most advanced ... The opening in the abdominal wall through which the fat or organs protrude is called the Hernia defect.. A hernia can affect ... especially considering the tendency of a hernia to recur after a surgery. Benefits of hernia surgery through 3D Mesh technique ...
Hernia repair surgery is the primary treatment for a hernia. ... Medicare does cover hernia surgery if your doctor considers it ... The symptoms of a hernia can vary depending on the type of hernia you have. Some hernias have no symptoms. Others may cause ... When is a hernia an emergency?. Seek emergency care If you have a hernia and develop any of the following symptoms:. *The bulge ... Most hernias happen in your abdomen, but they can happen anywhere. You might notice a bulge under your skin where the hernia ...
Hiatal Hernia Repair - Nissen fundoplication for acid reflux or GERD ... A hiatal hernia that is not causing symptoms does not usually need any treatment. Treatment for a hiatal hernia that causes ... A hiatal hernia occurs when a small portion of the stomach pushes upward through the diaphragm, a sheetlike muscle that ... A hiatal hernia often is diagnosed when you see your doctor or have tests for another health problem. ...
Hiatal hernia repair is surgery to repair a bulging of stomach tissue through the muscle between the abdomen and chest ( ...
The lung defect associated with congenital diaphragmic hernia (CDH) is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in patients ...
... some hernias can affect the back. Learn more about hernia types and back pain here. ... Can a hernia cause back pain? Depending on the type, ... Can a hernia cause erectile dysfunction?. Can a hernia cause ... abdominal hernia known as a superior lumbar triangle hernia, Grynfeltt-Lesshaft hernia, or Petit hernia. ... types of abdominal hernias include inguinal hernias (in the groin area), incisional hernias (at the site of a previous surgical ...
Learn about hiatal hernia, treatment, diagnosis, pregnancy, and more. ... A hernia occurs when an organ pushes through the muscle or tissue that holds it in place. ... Inguinal hernia. Inguinal hernias are the most common type of hernia. They occur when the intestines push through a weak spot ... Learn more about inguinal hernias.. Hiatal hernia. A hiatal hernia occurs when part of your stomach protrudes up through the ...
... hernia, hernia defect, hernia sac, HWM, iliac crest, incarcerated bowel, incarcerated hernia, incisional hernia, indirect ... robotic hernia repair, robotic inguinal hernia repair, robotic platform, robotic ventral hernia repair, rTAPP, rTEP, RVHR, ... trocar site hernia, Ultrapro, umbilical hernia, vascular complications, ventral hernia repair, watchful waiting, weight loss, ... Video Tag: Direct Hernia. SAGES Resident Webinar : Hernia Repair Surgery-February, 2018. ...
... and hernia repair is one of the most common pediatric surgeries. ... Hernias. What Are Hernias?. Hernias happen when part of an ... Other types of hernias - like hiatal hernias, femoral hernias, and incisional hernias - usually happen in older people, not ... Doctors fix inguinal hernias with surgery.. Umbilical Hernias. An umbilical hernia happens when part of a childs intestines ... Most hernias in kids are either inguinal hernias in the groin area or umbilical hernias in the belly-button area. ...
A congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) occurs when the muscle separating the chest and the abdomen, the diaphragm, does not ... Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH). Babies born with diaphragmatic hernias need prompt treatment. Our specialists are highly ... Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) affects boys and girls, equally. Some babies with diaphragmatic hernia also have complex ... What are the causes of a Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH)?. The exact cause behind diaphragmatic hernias is not known. ...
... hernia, hernia defect, hernia sac, HWM, iliac crest, incarcerated bowel, incarcerated hernia, incisional hernia, indirect ... hernia, hernia defect, hernia repair, HGD, hiatal hernia, high-grade dysplasia, histochemical stain, hypertension, hypotension ... robotic hernia repair, robotic inguinal hernia repair, robotic platform, robotic ventral hernia repair, rTAPP, rTEP, RVHR, ... trocar site hernia, Ultrapro, umbilical hernia, vascular complications, ventral hernia repair, watchful waiting, weight loss, ...
Hi Friends I think I might be getting an hernia and my mom recommended me to get a support maternity belt. Can you guys help me ... Hi Friends I think I might be getting an hernia and my mom recommended me to get a support maternity belt. Can you guys help me ...
If a hernia doesnt go away by age 4 or 5 or causes problems, doctors may recommend surgery. ... An umbilical hernia shows up as a bump under the belly button. ... What Causes Umbilical Hernias?. A hernia is when part of the ... The hernia isnt painful and most dont cause any problems.. Most umbilical (um-BILL-ih-kul) hernias close on their own by the ... The hernia gets larger, seems swollen, or is hard.. *The hernia sticks out when your child is sleeping, calm, or lying down and ...
Learn more about new 2023 coding changes for anterior abdominal hernia repair procedures. ... and parastomal hernias, regardless of the surgical approach used. These codes are based on the total size of all hernias and ... Effective in 2023, new CPT codes are available to report anterior abdominal hernia repair, including umbilical, ventral, ... CPT Coding Resources for Surgeons: Changes to Anterior Abdominal Hernia Repair Coding. ...
... hernia repair is a common surgical procedure to repair a hole or weakness in the abdominal wall in the groin region. ... Hernias fall into three categories.. *Reducible hernias: These are hernias in which the bulging intestine can be pushed back in ... An inguinal hernia is a hernia that occurs in the groin region. In children these are almost all congenital hernias, meaning ... Hernias Inguinal (pronounced: ing-gwuh-nl) hernia repair is one of the most common operations that pediatric surgeons perform. ...
Diaphragmatic Hernia in Children. What are diaphragmatic hernias in children?. A diaphragmatic hernia is a birth defect that ... The 2 most common types of diaphragmatic hernia are:. * Bochdalek hernia. This type involves the side and back of the diaphragm ... Key points about a diaphragmatic hernia in children. *A diaphragmatic hernia is a birth defect. In this condition, theres an ... In a Morgagni hernia, the tendon that should form in the middle of the diaphragm doesnt develop as it should. This type makes ...
Take a 1-day course on advanced surgical techniques to increase your knowledge of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair as a ... Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair. Learn More About Our Minimally Invasive Inguinal Hernia Repair Training Program Medtronic ... and a hands-on cadaver lab highlighting procedural steps and technical tips to efficiently perform laparoscopic inguinal hernia ... will focus on advanced surgical techniques for surgeons who wish to increase their knowledge of laparoscopic inguinal hernia ...
This produces a lump called a hernia. Contact our Nuffield Health experts today and let us help. ... Bilateral (inguinal) hernia repair. A bilateral hernia is a very common form of hernia that presents itself in the groin area. ... A femoral hernia (like an inguinal hernia) appears in the groin. Femoral hernias happen at the hole in the wall of the abdomen ... Laparoscopic groin hernia repair. Also known as keyhole surgery, this hernia treatment is carried out through a small incision ...
Treatments and Tools for Hernia repair. Find Hernia repair information, treatments for Hernia repair and Hernia repair symptoms ... MedHelps Hernia repair Center for Information, Symptoms, Resources, ... I had hernia repair with the nissen wrap 3 weeks ago I am not able to digest food dont thi... ... I had hernia surgery a year ago, not too long after the surgery i realized that it was back... ...
Delivering what inguinal hernia patients really really want. *E. Sams1 & *Brian M. Stephenson. ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-7225- ... All inguinal hernia patients wish for a straightforward rehabilitation in both the short and long term and Patient Reported ... Singh R, Byam J, Radwan RW, Stephenson BM (2021) Local or general anesthesia when repairing inguinal hernias? Am J Surg 222:52 ... As general surgeons we strive to obtain results comparable to those of hernia zealots where the reproducibility of the surgical ...
Making a few lifestyle adjustments may ease hiatal hernia symptoms. WebMD tells you more. ... Hiatal Hernia: Cooking Tips. A good way to enjoy the foods listed above is to cook them in a healthy way. Here are some ... Hiatal Hernia Diet Tips. Medically Reviewed by Minesh Khatri, MD. on November 13, 2021 ... When you have a hiatal hernia, it is easier for stomach acids to come up into the esophagus, the tube that carries food from ...
Usually, patients can go home on the same day or a day after the laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. ... The outcome of incisional hernia repair is generally good, particularly with the laparoscopic method. ... Indirect Hernia Direct and indirect hernia are both inguinal hernias. Both types of hernias may cause a visible bulge in the ... Hernia (Abdominal Hernia). A hernia occurs when an organ or piece of tissue protrudes from the space in which it is normally ...
The lifting restriction timeframe will be decided by your surgeon based on your hernia type and other factors. ...
  • Symptoms and signs vary depending on the type of hernia. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Stoppa procedure is a tension -free type of hernia repair. (wikipedia.org)
  • The symptoms of a hernia can vary depending on the type of hernia you have. (healthline.com)
  • The specific relationship between a hernia and back pain can vary depending on the type of hernia and individual circumstances. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Inguinal hernias are the most common type of hernia. (healthline.com)
  • This type of hernia is most common in people over 50 years old. (healthline.com)
  • An incisional hernia is a type of hernia caused by an incompletely healed surgical wound . (medicinenet.com)
  • This type of hernia does not cause discomfort and usually poses no health risk for the child. (rainbowkids.com)
  • This type of hernia begins in the groin area and is more common in premature infants. (dukehealth.org)
  • Symptoms are present in about 66% of people with groin hernias. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hernias can often be diagnosed based on signs and symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Groin hernias that do not cause symptoms in males do not need to be repaired. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hernias may or may not present with either pain at the site, a visible or palpable lump, or in some cases more vague symptoms resulting from pressure on an organ that has become "stuck" in the hernia, sometimes leading to organ dysfunction. (wikipedia.org)
  • Symptoms may or may not be present in some inguinal hernias. (wikipedia.org)
  • The typical reason for evaluation is the presence of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or a chest radiograph suggesting a paraesophageal hernia. (medscape.com)
  • A hiatal hernia that is not causing symptoms does not usually need any treatment. (bcm.edu)
  • What are the symptoms of a hiatal hernia? (bcm.edu)
  • Most people who have a hiatal hernia have no symptoms. (bcm.edu)
  • Some of the symptoms of a lumbar triangle hernia are a noticeable bulge or swelling in the lower back, pain or discomfort at the hernia site. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Occasionally, they include symptoms of bowel obstruction if the hernia entraps or obstructs the intestines. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • For people who think they may have a lumbar triangle hernia or are experiencing symptoms in the lower back, it is important to seek medical attention for an evaluation and appropriate management. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Some types of hernia, such as hiatal hernias, can have more specific symptoms. (healthline.com)
  • In many cases, hernias have no symptoms. (healthline.com)
  • Many epigastric (eh-pih-GAS-trik) hernias are small, cause no symptoms, and don't need treatment. (kidshealth.org)
  • What Are the Signs & Symptoms of an Umbilical Hernia? (kidshealth.org)
  • What are the symptoms of a diaphragmatic hernia in a child? (uhhospitals.org)
  • The symptoms of a Bochdalek diaphragmatic hernia show up soon after your baby is born. (uhhospitals.org)
  • A baby born with a Morgagni hernia may not have any symptoms. (uhhospitals.org)
  • Many people with hiatal hernia , a condition in which part of the stomach bulges upward through an opening in the diaphragm, have no symptoms. (webmd.com)
  • Diet can play an important role in controlling the symptoms of hiatal hernia , namely heartburn and acid indigestion . (webmd.com)
  • Fortunately, heartburn symptoms associated with hiatal hernia often can be controlled with diet and lifestyle changes. (webmd.com)
  • Hiatal hernia symptoms can be bothersome. (webmd.com)
  • The symptoms caused by a hiatal hernia usually can be treated effectively with lifestyle changes and the use of medications to control stomach acid. (childrensmn.org)
  • Hernias that limit activity or cause symptoms should be repaired. (uclahealth.org)
  • Most hernias will increase in size over time and may cause symptoms. (uclahealth.org)
  • In the absence of competing medical problems, most hernias are recommended to be fixed in the elective setting to address symptoms and prevent future complication. (uclahealth.org)
  • Not all hernias require repair, particularly those that are not causing any symptoms. (uky.edu)
  • If you have a hernia while you are pregnant, you may experience some pain or discomfort, or you may have no symptoms at all. (uky.edu)
  • Acute appendicitis, pneumonia, stomach ulcers, hiatal hernia , pancreatitis, hepatitis, kidney infections, and even a heart attack may mimic a gallbladder attack, so it is important to see a physician immediately if symptoms occur. (diagnose-me.com)
  • Symptoms of hiatal hernia such as vomiting, nausea, acid reflux and difficulty swallowing can increase the risk of becoming dehydrated. (diagnose-me.com)
  • The sudden stop on landing has been shown to reduce hiatal hernias and also caused heartburn symptoms to subside. (diagnose-me.com)
  • An elective repair should be suggested if the hernia is not complex but causing symptoms. (washingtonindependent.com)
  • Most individuals have hernia symptoms throughout the second trimester. (washingtonindependent.com)
  • Hernias that are symptomless or have limited symptoms, such as slight discomfort or pain, can be evaluated regularly and treated electively after birth and uterine involution. (washingtonindependent.com)
  • Hiatus hernias may contribute to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), but also may affect swallowing or cause other symptoms. (unc.edu)
  • A paraesophageal hiatus hernia often causes no symptoms at first. (msdmanuals.com)
  • If you have a sliding hiatus hernia that doesn't cause symptoms, you don't need treatment. (msdmanuals.com)
  • If you have a paraesophageal hiatus hernia that causes symptoms, you may need surgery. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Various types of hernias can occur, most commonly involving the abdomen, and specifically the groin. (wikipedia.org)
  • By far the most common hernias develop in the abdomen when a weakness in the abdominal wall evolves into a localized hole, or "defect", through which adipose tissue, or abdominal organs covered with peritoneum, may protrude. (wikipedia.org)
  • [1] This operation may be performed to correct hernias of the abdomen , groin , diaphragm , brain , or at the site of a previous operation . (wikipedia.org)
  • When this area doesn't close completely, it leaves a weak spot in the abdomen, which can lead to a hernia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A strangulated intestinal hernia may result in intestinal obstruction, causing the abdomen to swell. (webmd.com)
  • Most hernias happen in your abdomen, but they can happen anywhere. (healthline.com)
  • A hiatal hernia occurs when a small portion of the stomach pushes upward through the diaphragm, a sheetlike muscle that separates the lungs from the abdomen. (bcm.edu)
  • Hiatal hernia repair is surgery to repair a bulging of stomach tissue through the muscle between the abdomen and chest (diaphragm) into the chest (hiatal hernia). (medlineplus.gov)
  • While hernias commonly affect the abdomen and groin area, certain types can also cause back pain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Many hernias occur in the abdomen between your chest and hips, but they can also appear in the upper thigh and groin areas. (healthline.com)
  • A ventral hernia happens when tissue bulges through an opening in the muscles of your abdomen. (healthline.com)
  • An inguinal hernia happens when part of the intestines pushes through an opening in the lower part of the abdomen called the inguinal (IN-gwuh-nul) canal. (kidshealth.org)
  • Diaphragmatic hernias happen when the organs that are normally in the abdomen push into a baby's chest cavity. (childrens.com)
  • The doctor may gently try to massage the hernia back into its proper place in the abdomen. (kidshealth.org)
  • Femoral hernias happen at the hole in the wall of the abdomen where the femoral artery and vein pass from the abdomen into the leg. (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • A hernia can be dangerous because the intestines or other structures within the abdomen can get trapped and have their blood supply cut off (strangulated hernia). (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • Since having hernia repair 1.5 years ago, my right testicle cord exits my abdomen going int. (medhelp.org)
  • Have you ever wondered if that slight discomfort you're feeling in your lower abdomen is a hernia? (dane101.com)
  • So, how do you know if what you're feeling in your abdomen is a hernia? (dane101.com)
  • A hernia is a weak spot or tear in the muscles of the abdomen. (rainbowkids.com)
  • A child born with a hernia may have a bulging area in the groin or abdomen that worsens with crying. (rainbowkids.com)
  • Inguinal hernias occur in the lower portion of the abdomen and appear as bulges in the groin area. (rainbowkids.com)
  • A hernia is a hole in the muscular layer of the abdominal wall that causes intestinal or fatty tissue within the abdomen to stick out. (uky.edu)
  • Also known as keyhole surgery, this hernia treatment is carried out through a small incision in the abdomen. (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • A bulge may appear at the site of hernia, that becomes larger when bending down. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is possible for the bulge associated with a hernia to come and go, but the defect in the tissue will persist. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the case of reducible hernias, a bulge in the groin or in another abdominal area can often be seen and felt. (wikipedia.org)
  • An umbilical hernia is an outward bulge in the area around the belly button. (medlineplus.gov)
  • You might notice a bulge under your skin where the hernia occurred. (healthline.com)
  • Abdominal hernias usually present as a visible bulge or swelling in the affected area, and they can cause discomfort, pain, or a dragging sensation. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The most common symptom of a hernia is a bulge or lump in the affected area. (healthline.com)
  • Most hernias are discovered by seeing or feeling the bulge. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Although the hernia won't stay "in" or the bulge will not disappear, this is still considered a reducible hernia because it is possible to compress it. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • A hernia is a bulge or protrusion of body tissue or an organ through the structure that normally contains it. (medicinenet.com)
  • An inguinal hernia is a bulge or swelling found around your groin which is caused by a lack of strength in your abdominal wall muscles. (spirehealthcare.com)
  • The condition causes a noticeable bulge, which makes it one of the hernias that can be easily identified visually. (speakerdeck.com)
  • Since one of the most common signs of a hernia is an abnormal lump/bulge on your body part (don't get excited about this) where there isn't supposed to be one, often times patients will notice when they touch themselves on their hernia (usually over the area). (dane101.com)
  • If it doesn't close, tissue may bulge through the opening, creating a hernia. (healthwise.net)
  • Hernias feel like a soft lump, bulge, or swelling under the skin in the groin or around the belly button. (dukehealth.org)
  • The first differentiating factor in hernia repair is whether the surgery is done open, or laparoscopically. (wikipedia.org)
  • In babies, umbilical hernias may heal themselves within four years, making surgery unnecessary. (webmd.com)
  • For all others, the standard treatment is conventional hernia-repair surgery (called herniorrhaphy). (webmd.com)
  • Hernia surgery is performed under either local or general anesthesia. (webmd.com)
  • Hernias may return after surgery, so preventive measures are especially important to help avoid a recurrence. (webmd.com)
  • The only solution for Hernia Treatment is surgery with millions of cases being treated every year. (selfgrowth.com)
  • One of the most advanced techniques for hernia correction - the 3D Mesh Hernia Repair is routinely performed at the center and the results have been very encouraging, especially considering the tendency of a hernia to recur after a surgery. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Does Medicare Cover Hernia Surgery? (healthline.com)
  • Surgery is generally the recommended treatment for hernias. (healthline.com)
  • Medicare will cover hernia surgery as long as it's medically necessary. (healthline.com)
  • Medicare will cover hernia surgery whether you have it as an inpatient or outpatient. (healthline.com)
  • Not all hernias need treatment, but surgery is the primary treatment for ones that do. (healthline.com)
  • If you need hernia surgery, Medicare will cover it as long as it's considered medically necessary. (healthline.com)
  • A Medigap plan can help you lower the costs of hernia surgery. (healthline.com)
  • Medicare covers any hernia surgery that's medically necessary. (healthline.com)
  • So, as long as your doctor determines that surgery is the best way to treat your hernia, Medicare will cover it. (healthline.com)
  • When you use original Medicare (parts A and B together), the surgery is often covered under Part B . This is because hernia surgery is generally performed as an outpatient procedure, and Part B is medical insurance. (healthline.com)
  • Medicare covers multiple types of hernia surgery if they're medically necessary. (healthline.com)
  • How much does the average hernia surgery cost? (healthline.com)
  • In October 2020, Medicare's procedure comparison tool shows the estimated cost to you of laparoscopy for an incisional hernia to be $894 at a surgery center but $1,585 at a hospital. (healthline.com)
  • This holds true for all types of hernia surgery. (healthline.com)
  • Which Medicare plans may be best for you if you know you need hernia surgery? (healthline.com)
  • You can get coverage for hernia surgery using multiple parts of Medicare. (healthline.com)
  • It'll pay for your hernia surgery if you have it while you're an inpatient at the hospital. (healthline.com)
  • It'll cover your hernia surgery if you have it as an outpatient at a surgery center, office, or at a hospital's outpatient surgery center. (healthline.com)
  • It'll cover your hernia surgery no matter where you have it. (healthline.com)
  • In severe cases, surgery can be used to pull the hernia back into the belly. (bcm.edu)
  • Doctors may suggest watchful waiting for complications or surgery to repair the hernia, depending on severity. (healthline.com)
  • If the hernia hasn't gone away by 5 years of age, surgery can be performed to correct it. (healthline.com)
  • Doctors fix inguinal hernias with surgery. (kidshealth.org)
  • If a hernia doesn't go away by then or causes problems, doctors may recommend surgery. (kidshealth.org)
  • Umbilical hernias usually close on their own without surgery. (kidshealth.org)
  • The goal of surgery is to fix the diaphragmatic hernia. (uhhospitals.org)
  • What happens during femoral hernia repair surgery? (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • I have had a large abdominal hernia since last year after having some surgery. (medhelp.org)
  • I had hernia surgery a year ago, not too long after the surgery i realized that it was back. (medhelp.org)
  • I had a hernia repair surgery in 2004 and have had problems and pain ever since. (medhelp.org)
  • How Long Does It Take to Recover From Incisional Hernia Surgery? (medicinenet.com)
  • In an incisional hernia, the intestine pushes through the abdominal wall from the site of previous abdominal surgery. (medicinenet.com)
  • Incision hernia is mostly seen in elderly or overweight people who are inactive after abdominal surgery. (medicinenet.com)
  • The treatment options for incisional hernias are open surgery or minimally invasive surgery. (medicinenet.com)
  • The Endo Universal™ stapler has application in endoscopic hernia repair surgery procedures for fixation of mesh. (medtronic.com)
  • The MultiFire VersaTack™ stapler has application in general surgery procedures for fixation of mesh in the repair of hernia defects and in other surgical specialties for approximation of tissue(s). (medtronic.com)
  • Small hiatal hernias can be treated with medication and diet changes, but sometimes do require surgery. (childrensmn.org)
  • When surgery is required to repair a hiatal hernia, the results are typically very good. (childrensmn.org)
  • Q. Do all hernias require surgery? (uclahealth.org)
  • Small, asymptomatic hernias may be safely watched but will not go away without surgery. (uclahealth.org)
  • Q. What is the typical recovery after inguinal hernia surgery? (uclahealth.org)
  • A. Surgery remains the only way to repair a hernia. (uclahealth.org)
  • A. With inguinal hernias, if a patient has had a prior lower open abdominal operation (prostate surgery, cesarean section, colon surgery), the scarring may preclude laparoscopic repair. (uclahealth.org)
  • M. N. Srouji and B. E. Buck, "Neonatal Appendicitis: Ischemic Infarction in Incarcerated Inguinal Hernia," Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Vol. 13, No. 2, 1978, pp. 177-179. (scirp.org)
  • The most common form of treatment for a hernia is surgery. (dane101.com)
  • The type of surgery will depend on the location and severity of the hernia, as well as your overall health. (dane101.com)
  • If a hernia has not closed by the time your child is 4 years old, your child probably will need surgery to close it. (healthwise.net)
  • If your child has pain, a swollen belly, or other signs that a part of the intestine is trapped in the hernia ( incarcerated hernia ), surgery will be needed right away. (healthwise.net)
  • Surgery to repair the hernia usually is an outpatient procedure, which means that your child can go home the same day the surgery is done. (healthwise.net)
  • Sometimes more surgery may be done to improve how the belly button looks (for instance, if the hernia was very large or there was a lot of extra skin). (healthwise.net)
  • Most hernias diagnosed during pregnancy can be treated without surgery. (uky.edu)
  • Should I have surgery to repair my hernia while I'm pregnant? (uky.edu)
  • Elective surgery should only be considered during the second trimester (4-6 months), and even then the growing baby will place increased strain on the repair, which could lead to a recurrence of the hernia. (uky.edu)
  • However, when I had a recurrence, I asked if they could do the hernia surgery too. (cancer.org)
  • The type and location of a hernia determine whether hernia repair surgery is needed. (dukehealth.org)
  • If your child is referred to Duke for hernia surgery, they will be cared for by a team of specialists whose main concern is your child's health and well-being. (dukehealth.org)
  • Children who need hernia surgery are cared for by a team of pediatric specialists, including pediatric surgeons, pediatric nurses, pediatric anesthesiologists, and other specially trained staff. (dukehealth.org)
  • A femoral hernia is a small, sometimes uncomfortable, lump in the upper groin that can need emergency surgery if it becomes blocked. (spirehealthcare.com)
  • There is no agreement on the best time to have surgery for an umbilical hernia in a pregnant woman or expecting to become pregnant. (washingtonindependent.com)
  • Pregnancy following umbilical hernia surgery is independently related to ventral hernia recurrence, and the mesh does not reduce this risk. (washingtonindependent.com)
  • Certain hiatal hernias called paraesophageal hernias do carry a small chance of a sudden dramatic twisting of the stomach that could require emergency surgery. (unc.edu)
  • Small hiatal hernias associated with GERD do not change the indications for surgery. (unc.edu)
  • However, large hiatal hernias that cause swallowing difficulties, ulcers or worsening of respiratory conditions, as well as paraesophageal hernias, should be assessed by gastroenterologists or surgeons who are able to help you compare the risks of the hernia to the risks of corrective surgery. (unc.edu)
  • a retrospective study of all patients who underwent surgery for paresophageal hernia between 1985 and 2007. (isciii.es)
  • Therefore, we think that laparoscopic surgery should be considered as the election procedure for paraesophageal hiatal hernia. (isciii.es)
  • The authors of a study published in Annals of Surgery [ 1 ] randomly assigned 339 male inguinal hernia patients undergoing a Lichtenstein repair to receive either a sutured mesh fixation or a self-gripping mesh. (medscape.com)
  • At the Bo government hospital in 2019 and 2020, 85% of caesarean monitoring and section patients and all the hernia operation patients incorrectly training to reduce received antibiotics after surgery. (who.int)
  • We reviewed the clinical information of 681 patients (599 caesarean sections and 82 hernia operations) who had surgery at the Bo government hospital from November 2019 to October 2020. (who.int)
  • Compliance rates with WHO guidelines were high for using recommended antibiotics BEFORE surgery (84% of caesarean section and 70% of hernia operation patients). (who.int)
  • However, antibiotics were incorrectly given AFTER surgery to 85% of caesarean section patients and all the hernia patients. (who.int)
  • This webinar provides information about new CPT codes effective January 1, 2023, that will be used to report anterior abdominal hernia repair for umbilical, ventral, incisional, epigastric, spigelian, and parastomal hernias. (facs.org)
  • Drs. Christopher Senkowski, Don Selzer, Charles Mabry, and Ketan Sheth also describe common clinical scenarios and correct coding to assist with understanding the 2023 anterior abdominal hernia repair coding paradigm. (facs.org)
  • Agarwal D, Bharani T, Fullington N, Ott L, Olson M, Poulose B, Warren J, Reinhorn M (2023) Improved patient-reported outcomes after open preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair compared to anterior Lichtenstein repair: 10-year ACHQC analysis. (springer.com)
  • Hernia (2023). (springer.com)
  • A hiatal hernia occurs when a portion of the stomach prolapses through the diaphragmatic esophageal hiatus. (medscape.com)
  • Diaphragmatic hernias may be congenital or acquired. (medscape.com)
  • Babies born with diaphragmatic hernias need prompt treatment. (childrens.com)
  • What is a Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH)? (childrens.com)
  • Babies born with diaphragmatic hernias - called congenital diaphragmatic hernias - have trouble breathing and getting enough air. (childrens.com)
  • How is a Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) diagnosed? (childrens.com)
  • If an ultrasound shows that your infant has a congenital diaphragmatic hernia, you should deliver your baby at a hospital experienced in immediately caring for and treating this condition. (childrens.com)
  • What are the causes of a Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH)? (childrens.com)
  • The exact cause behind diaphragmatic hernias is not known. (childrens.com)
  • Babies born with diaphragmatic hernia have skin that appears blue (cyanosis) and may have trouble breathing and make grunting sounds, as a result. (childrens.com)
  • Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) affects boys and girls, equally. (childrens.com)
  • Some babies with diaphragmatic hernia also have complex syndromes that can complicate treatment. (childrens.com)
  • What are diaphragmatic hernias in children? (uhhospitals.org)
  • A diaphragmatic hernia is a birth defect that occurs in about 1 in 2,500 newborns. (uhhospitals.org)
  • What causes a diaphragmatic hernia in a child? (uhhospitals.org)
  • This type of diaphragmatic hernia makes up about 8 in 10 cases. (uhhospitals.org)
  • Diaphragmatic hernia is caused by many factors. (uhhospitals.org)
  • How is a diaphragmatic hernia diagnosed in a child? (uhhospitals.org)
  • How is a diaphragmatic hernia treated in a child? (uhhospitals.org)
  • Congenital ̶ pets have these at birth (The most common type of this subcategory is the peritoneal-pericardial diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH). (acvs.org)
  • A diaphragmatic hernia can cause significant respiratory difficulty . (acvs.org)
  • Abdominal organs, displaced through a diaphragmatic hernia, may experience compromise to their blood supply. (acvs.org)
  • Signs associated with an acute diaphragmatic hernia are usually related to difficulty expanding the lungs with the additional contents in the chest. (acvs.org)
  • If the initial insult is tolerated, a diaphragmatic hernia may be diagnosed later in life. (acvs.org)
  • In the case of diaphragmatic hernia, loss of the diaphragmatic line, loss of the cardiac silhouette, displacement of lung fields, and presence of abdominal contents within the chest cavity may be noted on chest radiographs (Figures 3 and 4). (acvs.org)
  • Congenital diaphragmatic hernia occurs when a portion of the fetal diaphragm is absent, allowing abdominal contents to enter the thorax, and is associated with impaired pulmonary development. (medworm.com)
  • Hiatal hernia occurs when the upper part of the stomach moves up into the chest through a small opening in the diaphragm (a diaphragmatic hiatus). (diagnose-me.com)
  • Title : Survival Disparities Associated with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Personal Author(s) : Hinton, Cynthia F.;Siffel, Csaba;Correa, Adolfo;Shapira, Stuart K. (cdc.gov)
  • Mechanisms of hernia recurrence after preperitoneal mesh repair. (wikipedia.org)
  • Open or laparoscopic preperitoneal mesh repair for recurrent inguinal hernia? (wikipedia.org)
  • Strength in tissue attachment to mesh after ventral hernia repair with synthetic composite mesh in a porcine model. (bd.com)
  • Healing Hands Clinic has been recognized as 'Center of Excellence for 3D Mesh Hernia Repair' by Dr. John Murphy, Ex-President - American Hernia Society. (selfgrowth.com)
  • I had a umbilical hernia repair 4 weeks ago using mesh. (medhelp.org)
  • The surgeon fixes a mesh in the weak area to prevent the hernia from recurring. (medicinenet.com)
  • The AbsorbaTack™ 5 mm fixation device is a sterile, single use device for fixation of prosthetic material, such as hernia mesh, to soft tissue. (medtronic.com)
  • The Stat Tack™ 5 mm fixation device delivers helical titanium tacks for fixation of mesh in open hernia repair. (medtronic.com)
  • Hernias are generally repaired with a soft, pliable material called mesh, which is sewn around the hernia to reinforce the defect in musculature. (uky.edu)
  • The literature on the self-adhesive mesh Adhesix ® (Cousin Biotech Laboratory, 59117 Wervicq South, France) in medial incisional ventral hernia is scarce. (nih.gov)
  • We performed a retrospective descriptive study with prospective data collection from 125 patients who underwent prosthetic repair of medial incisional ventral hernia-M1-M5 classification according to European Hernia Society (EHS)-with self-adhesive mesh Adhesix ® between 2013 and 2021. (nih.gov)
  • According to the results of this study and the literature available, we consider that the self-adhesive mesh Adhesix ® is an appropriate alternative mesh option for the repair of medial incisional ventral hernias. (nih.gov)
  • The aim was to determine whether mesh placed at the time of primary stoma creation prevents parastomal hernia. (lu.se)
  • METHODS: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL were searched using medical subject headings for parastomal hernia, mesh and prevention. (lu.se)
  • Mesh reduced the rate of parastomal hernia repair by 65 (95 per cent c.i. 28 to 85) per cent (P = 0·02). (lu.se)
  • CONCLUSION: Mesh placed prophylactically at the time of stoma creation reduced the rate of parastomal hernia, without an increase in mesh-related complications. (lu.se)
  • Over several decades, methods of hernia repair have gradually changed, and now mesh insertion is a widely used technic because it minimizes tissue tension. (medscape.com)
  • A hiatal hernia occurs when part of your stomach protrudes up through the diaphragm into your chest cavity. (healthline.com)
  • Repair, however, is generally recommended in women due to the higher rate of femoral hernias, which have more complications. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although the existence of hiatal hernia has been described in earlier medical literature, it has come under scrutiny only in the last century or so because of its association with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and its complications. (medscape.com)
  • Elective hernia repair was successful without complications and recurrence in 12 out of 17 patients. (nih.gov)
  • Two patients of the initially conservative managed group died from complications of the umbilical hernia. (nih.gov)
  • In the 4 patients that underwent hernia correction during liver transplantation, no complications occurred and 1 patient had a recurrence. (nih.gov)
  • Will the hernia cause complications during my pregnancy or delivery? (uky.edu)
  • Postoperative complications and hernia recurrences were recorded. (nih.gov)
  • It's important to know the signs of a hernia so your child gets the right medical care. (kidshealth.org)
  • They may be prone to subsequent hernias as adults and should be aware of the signs of a hernia. (rainbowkids.com)
  • Hernia repair is a surgical operation for the correction of a hernia -a bulging of internal organs or tissues through the wall that contains it. (wikipedia.org)
  • Surgical treatment involves removing the hernia sac and closing the abnormally wide esophageal hiatus. (medscape.com)
  • The most common types of abdominal hernias include inguinal hernias (in the groin area), incisional hernias (at the site of a previous surgical incision), and umbilical hernias (around the belly button). (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Ventral hernias can also occur at the site of a surgical incision. (healthline.com)
  • This is called an incisional hernia and can result from surgical scarring or weakness of the abdominal muscles at the surgical site. (healthline.com)
  • This one day course will focus on advanced surgical techniques for surgeons who wish to increase their knowledge of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair as a primary procedure. (medtronic.com)
  • As general surgeons we strive to obtain results comparable to those of hernia zealots where the reproducibility of the surgical technique, including the type of anaesthesia used, is paramount. (springer.com)
  • A. Modern surgical techniques including the open "tension-free" Lichtenstein repair and laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair have led to rapid recovery. (uclahealth.org)
  • Previous Surgeries: Surgical treatments, particularly those in the abdominal region, have the potential to compromise the integrity of the abdominal wall, thereby establishing vulnerable areas where hernias may potentially manifest. (speakerdeck.com)
  • The surgical protocol for a pregnant lady with a hernia is unclear. (washingtonindependent.com)
  • There is no clear surgical protocol for a pregnant lady with a hernia, although more and better scientific evidence has been accumulated. (washingtonindependent.com)
  • Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in children . (bvsalud.org)
  • Surgical site infections were 7.5% for caesarean surgeries and 1.2% for hernia operations. (who.int)
  • Most hernias in kids are either inguinal hernias in the groin area or umbilical hernias in the belly-button area. (kidshealth.org)
  • An umbilical hernia happens when part of a child's intestines bulges through the abdominal wall inside the belly button. (kidshealth.org)
  • An epigastric hernia is when part of the intestines pushes through the abdominal muscles between the belly button and the chest. (kidshealth.org)
  • With an umbilical hernia, the opening is in the middle of the belly button, at a part of the abdominal wall called the umbilical ring. (kidshealth.org)
  • The main sign of an umbilical hernia is a visible bump under the skin by the belly button. (kidshealth.org)
  • Doctors diagnose an umbilical hernia by looking and feeling for a bump or swelling in the belly button area. (kidshealth.org)
  • Belly Button Hernia: A Quick Guide! (speakerdeck.com)
  • An "umbilical hernia", also referred to as a "belly button hernia", is a common health condition that has attracted significant attention. (speakerdeck.com)
  • This guide, carefully curated with her expertise, aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of belly button hernias. (speakerdeck.com)
  • What is a Belly Button Hernia? (speakerdeck.com)
  • An umbilical hernia, commonly referred to as a "belly button hernia," is a prevalent medical condition characterized by the protrusion of internal tissues, such as a portion of the intestine or adipose tissue, through a weakened area in the abdominal wall adjacent to the navel. (speakerdeck.com)
  • Although hernias are often linked to strenuous activity or heavy lifting, it's important to note that belly button hernias can occur for a variety of reasons. (speakerdeck.com)
  • Visible Protrusion: An obvious protrusion at the belly button is the most evident symptom of an umbilical hernia. (speakerdeck.com)
  • Common types of hernias include inguinal (groin), umbilical (belly button), and hiatal (diaphragm). (dane101.com)
  • Umbilical hernias are found around the belly button when the abdominal muscle wall doesn't fully close following birth. (dukehealth.org)
  • In children these are almost all congenital hernias, meaning that the defect was present from the time the patient was born. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Open hernia repair is when an incision is made in the skin directly over the hernia. (wikipedia.org)
  • If repairing a hernia requires a larger incision, a laparoscopic approach is probably beneficial. (uclahealth.org)
  • Surgeons can usually perform laparoscopic techniques to fix a hernia, using three tiny incisions and a camera, thus avoiding the need for a larger open incision. (uky.edu)
  • Hernia repair is often performed as an ambulatory procedure . (wikipedia.org)
  • Laparoscopic hernia repair is when minimally invasive cameras and equipment are used and the hernia is repaired with only small incisions adjacent to the hernia. (wikipedia.org)
  • An operation in which the hernia sac is removed without any repair of the inguinal canal is described as a herniotomy. (wikipedia.org)
  • This technique has met particular success in the repair of bilateral hernias, large scrotal hernias , and recurrent or rerecurrent hernias in which conventional repair is difficult and which carries a high morbidity and failure rate. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Ventrio™ Hernia Patch's unique design and technique offer patients the benefits of an intraabdominal repair, while offering surgeons the ease of an open anterior approach, with the added ability to use mechanical fixation. (bd.com)
  • p>The Ventrio™ Hernia Patch is indicated for use in the reconstruction of soft tissue deficiencies, such as for the repair of hernias. (bd.com)
  • Hernia repair is the one of the most common surgeries kids have. (kidshealth.org)
  • Hernia Repair Coding Resou. (facs.org)
  • Drs. Mabry and Goldberg address why and how such changes occurred, the values assigned to these procedures and related post-operative office visits, patient education tips, and additional resources the ACS has developed to help surgeons understand the new anterior abdominal hernia repair codes. (facs.org)
  • ing -gwuh-nl) hernia repair is one of the most common operations that pediatric surgeons perform. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • This program includes didactics, live case observation, group discussions, and a hands-on cadaver lab highlighting procedural steps and technical tips to efficiently perform laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. (medtronic.com)
  • Recovery from hernia repair is usually very quick. (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • I had hernia repair with the nissen wrap 3 weeks ago I am not able to digest food don't thi. (medhelp.org)
  • recent hernia repair - did i re-tear it? (medhelp.org)
  • Hello - I recently had an open inguinal hernia repair on 11/19. (medhelp.org)
  • Hello, I hope you can help me.In March 2007 I had an Inguinal Hernia repair operation on bo. (medhelp.org)
  • Perez AJ, Petro CC, Higgins RM, Huang LC, Phillips S, Warren J, Dews T, Reinhorn M (2022) Predictors of low and high opioid tablet consumption after inguinal hernia repair: an ACHQC opioid reduction task force analysis. (springer.com)
  • How is laparoscopic incisional hernia repair performed? (medicinenet.com)
  • Laparoscopic incisional hernia repair is usually performed under general anesthesia. (medicinenet.com)
  • In the case of incarcerated or strangulated hernia, the surgeon may remove the hernia sac and repair the area with stitches . (medicinenet.com)
  • Usually, patients can go home on the same day or a day after the laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. (medicinenet.com)
  • What are the results of incisional hernia repair? (medicinenet.com)
  • The outcome of incisional hernia repair is generally good, particularly with the laparoscopic method. (medicinenet.com)
  • Laparoscopic Incisional Hernia Repair: (https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1892407-overview). (medicinenet.com)
  • The ReliaTack™ fixation device offers one-of-a-kind articulating technology, interchangeable reloads, and screw-like tack designs for hernia repair. (medtronic.com)
  • AbsorbaTack™ is offered in a long version for laparoscopic techniques in both 15 and 30 tack configurations, as well as a short version for open hernia repair in a 20 tack configuration. (medtronic.com)
  • While this is an infrequent event, elective repair of at-risk and symptomatic hernias is recommended. (uclahealth.org)
  • Q. What is the difference between laparoscopic and open hernia repair? (uclahealth.org)
  • If a hernia is small and accessible, there is little difference in the amount of post-operative pain between an open and laparoscopic repair. (uclahealth.org)
  • Q. Which is better: open or laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair? (uclahealth.org)
  • At Spire Southampton Hospital, we offer inguinal hernia repair using a range of techniques. (spirehealthcare.com)
  • Your consultant will repair your hernia by moving the protruding tissue back into place and repairing the weakness in your abdominal wall muscles. (spirehealthcare.com)
  • In 17 patients, treatment consisted of elective hernia repair, and 13 were managed conservatively. (nih.gov)
  • Four patients underwent hernia repair during liver transplantation. (nih.gov)
  • hospital admittance for incarcerations occurred in 10 of 13 patients, of which 6 required hernia repair in an emergency setting. (nih.gov)
  • Conservative management of umbilical hernias in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites leads to a high rate of incarcerations with subsequent hernia repair in an emergency setting, whereas elective repair can be performed with less morbidity and is therefore advocated. (nih.gov)
  • Problems from umbilical hernia repair are rare. (healthwise.net)
  • The laparoscope is not used to repair umbilical hernias. (dukehealth.org)
  • An emergency repair is unavoidable if the hernia is incarcerated or strangulated at the time of diagnosis. (washingtonindependent.com)
  • Umbilical hernia repair during pregnancy may be done with little risk to the mother and the baby. (washingtonindependent.com)
  • The correct repair treatment for an umbilical hernia in a woman planning a pregnancy is likewise unknown. (washingtonindependent.com)
  • WAn elective repair should be recommended if the hernia is symptomatic but not complex. (washingtonindependent.com)
  • Before planning a pregnancy, it should be suggested that people with significant hernias receive a final repair. (washingtonindependent.com)
  • Unfortunately, there is insufficient information about the appropriate gap between hernia repair and pregnancy or delivery. (washingtonindependent.com)
  • What happens during laparoscopic groin hernia repair? (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • Recovery from hernia repair is usually very quick, and patients who undergo laparoscopic procedures usually get back to normal day-to-day activities in a very short space of time. (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • What Influences Ventral and Inguinal Hernia Repair Outcomes? (medscape.com)
  • Groin hernias are most commonly of the inguinal type but may also be femoral. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inguinal, femoral and abdominal hernias were present in 18.5 million people and resulted in 59,800 deaths in 2015. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ultrasound may be used to see a femoral hernia, and abdominal X-rays may be ordered to determine if a bowel obstruction is present. (webmd.com)
  • Other types of hernias - like hiatal hernias, femoral hernias, and incisional hernias - usually happen in older people, not kids. (kidshealth.org)
  • A femoral hernia (like an inguinal hernia) appears in the groin. (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • Most inguinal, femoral and umbilical hernias can be repaired under local or regional anesthesia. (uclahealth.org)
  • What is a femoral hernia? (spirehealthcare.com)
  • A femoral hernia develops when fatty tissue or part of your intestine bulges through a weakness in the muscle of your abdominal wall, specifically in an area that lies just below and either side of your groin called the femoral canal. (spirehealthcare.com)
  • The protruding lump caused by a femoral hernia can usually be pushed back quite easily. (spirehealthcare.com)
  • A hiatus hernia occurs when the stomach protrudes into the mediastinum through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a Bochdalek hernia, your child's diaphragm may not form as it should. (uhhospitals.org)
  • In a Morgagni hernia, the tendon that should form in the middle of the diaphragm doesn't develop as it should. (uhhospitals.org)
  • A hiatal (hy-AY-tul) hernia is a hernia that happens when the uppermost part of the stomach bulges through the diaphragm, where the esophagus joins the stomach. (childrensmn.org)
  • With a hiatal hernia, the weakness happens at an opening in the diaphragm, a thin sheet of muscle that separates the lungs and heart from the stomach and other organs. (childrensmn.org)
  • Hiatus hernia is when part of your stomach moves up through your diaphragm into your chest. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A hiatus hernia is an abnormal bulging of a portion of the stomach through the diaphragm. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Usually, incisional hernias may occur months or years after an abdominal operation. (medicinenet.com)
  • Most incisional hernias do not cause any serious problems. (medicinenet.com)
  • Large incisional hernias can also make it difficult for a person to breathe or move normally. (medicinenet.com)
  • A hernia is a weakness in the abdominal wall, that often results in bulging out of fat, which then occupies space under the skin. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Hernias typically result from a combination of muscle weakness and strain. (healthline.com)
  • Hernias are caused by a combination of muscle weakness and strain . (healthline.com)
  • Unlike hernias seen in adults, these areas are not always considered a weakness in the muscle wall, but a normal area that has not yet closed. (kidshealth.org)
  • A hernia is when there is a hole or weakness in the muscle layer of the abdominal wall. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • A hernia is an opening or weakness in the wall of a muscle , tissue, or membrane that normally holds an organ in place. (childrensmn.org)
  • A hernia that can be massaged back into place is called a "reducible" hernia. (kidshealth.org)
  • Most hernias are reducible. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Reducible hernias generally don't cause a patient much pain, but these types of hernias can be mildly uncomfortable at times. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • However, do keep in mind that not all hernias are reducible. (dane101.com)
  • At home, you can push the hernia back in, but don't put tape or anything else on the hernia to hold it in. (kidshealth.org)
  • However, every surgeon can tell their patient about the harmful repercussions of an incarcerated or strangulated hernia on the mother and the unborn child. (washingtonindependent.com)
  • When you have a hiatal hernia , it is easier for stomach acids to come up into the esophagus , the tube that carries food from your throat to your stomach . (webmd.com)
  • An umbilical hernia happens when intestine , fat, or fluid pushes through a weak spot or hole in your baby's stomach muscles. (healthwise.net)
  • A hernia may allow stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus ("food pipe"), where it can cause problems. (diagnose-me.com)
  • Comfrey has a reputation for promoting healing in stomach ulcers, hiatal hernia and ulcerative colitis. (diagnose-me.com)
  • Hiatal hernias occur when abdominal contents such as the stomach push through this opening by compressing against or squeezing alongside the lower esophagus. (unc.edu)
  • There are several different types of hernias . (healthline.com)
  • There are different types of hernias, and each needs different levels of medical care. (kidshealth.org)
  • This knowledge becomes particularly important when distinguishing between different types of hernias. (speakerdeck.com)
  • The opening in the abdominal wall through which the fat or organs protrude is called the Hernia defect. (selfgrowth.com)
  • The hernia defect or hole was likely always there since birth. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • True hernias have a fascial defect and therefore contents can protrude through and potentially become incarcerated and/or strangulated. (medworm.com)
  • The skin over the hernia is red or looks darker than usual. (kidshealth.org)
  • Skin Changes: There may be a problem if the skin over the hernia becomes red or discolored. (speakerdeck.com)
  • Risk factors for the development of a hernia include smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, pregnancy, peritoneal dialysis, collagen vascular disease and previous open appendectomy, among others. (wikipedia.org)
  • The development of a hernia during pregnancy is not uncommon, because hernias are caused by an increase in abdominal pressure - in this case, pressure from a baby growing inside the uterus. (uky.edu)
  • A hernia (PL: hernias or herniae, from Latin, meaning 'rupture') is the abnormal exit of tissue or an organ, such as the bowel, through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides. (wikipedia.org)
  • In rare cases, parts of the bowel might get trapped in the opening of the hernia, blocking the passage of stool (obstruction) or cutting off the blood supply (strangulation). (medicinenet.com)
  • We want to emphasize that if the patient has an irreducible strangulated inguinal hernia, appendix or bowel necrosis can be found in the hernia sac. (scirp.org)
  • Hernias happen when part of an organ or tissue in the body (such as a loop of intestine) pushes through an opening or weak spot in a muscle wall. (kidshealth.org)
  • A hernia is when part of the intestine bulges through the muscle wall that's supposed to hold it in place. (kidshealth.org)
  • These are hernias in which the bulging intestine can be pushed back in. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Nausea and Vomiting: In more serious cases, when a section of the intestine gets stuck in the hernia, the patient may experience nausea, vomiting, and intense pain, indicating the need for immediate medical attention. (speakerdeck.com)
  • All inguinal hernia patients wish for a straightforward rehabilitation in both the short and long term and Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMS) allows comparison of our perceived thoughts, as surgeons, to those of the patients' with respect to their postoperative quality of life (QoL). (springer.com)
  • M. A. Kueper, A. Kirschniak, R. Ladurner, F. A. Granderath and A. Konigsrainer, "Incarcerated Recurrent Inguinal Hernia with Covered and Perforated Appendicitis and Periappendicular Abscess: Case Report and Review of the Literature," Hernia, Vol. 11, No. 2, 2007, pp. 189-191. (scirp.org)
  • The image below depicts a paraesophageal hiatal hernia. (medscape.com)
  • Nontraumatically acquired hernias are divided yet further into two types: (1) sliding hiatal hernia and (2) paraesophageal hiatal hernia (a mixed variety is also possible). (medscape.com)
  • paraesophageal hiatal hernia represents 5-10% of hiatal hernias. (isciii.es)
  • Then, part of a nearby organ can push into the weak spot so that it bulges and becomes a hernia. (kidshealth.org)
  • If a hernia becomes incarcerated it is possible that its blood supply can be choked off, becoming a strangulated hernia. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Hiatal hernias almost always cause gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) . (healthline.com)
  • However, some hernias can be painful and occasionally cause intestinal obstruction. (uky.edu)
  • This includes both open and laparoscopic hernia surgeries. (healthline.com)
  • A. Open and laparoscopic operations are equally effective in repairing hernias. (uclahealth.org)
  • Irreducible abdominal hernias or incarcerated hernias may be painful, but their most relevant symptom is that they cannot return to the abdominal cavity when pushed in. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, the pain resulting from abdominal hernias is typically localized to the hernia site and may not directly affect the back. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Hiatus, or hiatal hernias often result in heartburn but may also cause chest pain or pain while eating. (wikipedia.org)
  • Doctors can often see a large hiatus hernia on a basic chest x-ray. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Most hiatal hernias are asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally, but rarely, a life-threatening complication may present acutely. (medscape.com)
  • Most people with hiatal hernias are asymptomatic. (medscape.com)
  • When the patient has a small and asymptomatic hernia, it may be best to wait until she delivers birth before repairing it. (washingtonindependent.com)
  • Asymptomatic hernias may be treated after delivery or a cesarean section (C-section). (washingtonindependent.com)
  • By far, most hiatal hernias are asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally. (medscape.com)
  • An abdominal hernia occurs when an organ or tissue pushes through a weak area or opening in the abdominal wall muscles. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • A hernia occurs when an organ pushes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place. (healthline.com)
  • A hernia usually occurs when an organ or fatty tissue pushes itself through a weak spot in a surrounding area. (medicinenet.com)
  • A hernia occurs when an organ or tissue protrudes through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it. (dane101.com)
  • Umbilical hernias are common in infants. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Umbilical hernias are most common in newborns and infants younger than 6 months old. (kidshealth.org)
  • Given this, it is not surprising that inguinal hernias are more common in premature infants. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Some infants are born with an umbilical hernia. (rainbowkids.com)
  • Hernias are a common concern in infants and often become noticeable in the first few weeks and months of life. (dukehealth.org)