General term for the abnormal appearance of histiocytes in the blood. Based on the pathological features of the cells involved rather than on clinical findings, the histiocytic diseases are subdivided into three groups: HISTIOCYTOSIS, LANGERHANS CELL; HISTIOCYTOSIS, NON-LANGERHANS-CELL; and HISTIOCYTIC DISORDERS, MALIGNANT.
Distinctive neoplastic disorders of histiocytes. Included are malignant neoplasms of MACROPHAGES and DENDRITIC CELLS.
Malignant neoplasms composed of MACROPHAGES or DENDRITIC CELLS. Most histiocytic sarcomas present as localized tumor masses without a leukemic phase. Though the biological behavior of these neoplasms resemble lymphomas, their cell lineage is histiocytic not lymphoid.
A rare form of non-Langerhans-cell histiocytosis (HISTIOCYTOSIS, NON-LANGERHANS-CELL) with onset in middle age. The systemic disease is characterized by infiltration of lipid-laden macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, an inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes and histiocytes in the bone marrow, and a generalized sclerosis of the long bones.
A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.
Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.
Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.
Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.
Categorical classification of MENTAL DISORDERS based on criteria sets with defining features. It is produced by the American Psychiatric Association. (DSM-IV, page xxii)
Marked depression appearing in the involution period and characterized by hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, and agitation.
Special hospitals which provide care for ill children.
Philadelphia, in a medical context, does not have a specific definition as it is a city and not a term used for diagnosis or clinical condition; however, it is known for being the location of several major hospitals and medical institutions, including the University of Pennsylvania Health System and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
Macrophages found in the TISSUES, as opposed to those found in the blood (MONOCYTES) or serous cavities (SEROUS MEMBRANE).
An aberrant form of human CHROMOSOME 22 characterized by translocation of the distal end of chromosome 9 from 9q34, to the long arm of chromosome 22 at 22q11. It is present in the bone marrow cells of 80 to 90 per cent of patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, MYELOGENOUS, CHRONIC, BCR-ABL POSITIVE).
A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Histiocytic sarcoma: a study of five cases including the histiocyte marker CD163. (1/22)

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare but controversial hematopoietic neoplasm. In the past, malignancies have been misclassified as histiocytic tumors due to overlapping histologic features and inadequate phenotypic data. CD163, a recently characterized hemoglobin scavenger receptor, appears to be a 'specific' marker of histiocytic lineage and a promising diagnostic tool for evaluating histiocytic neoplasms. Five cases of HS were studied to further elucidate the clinicopathologic features of these rare tumors and to demonstrate the diagnostic utility of CD163. Criteria for diagnosis included histologic and immunohistochemical evidence of histiocytic differentiation, CD45 positivity, and exclusion of lymphoid, epithelial, melanocytic and dendritic cell phenotype. Sites of disease included the colon (two cases), palate, inguinal lymph node, and testis. The clinical course was aggressive in 4/5 patients (survival=2-15 months). One patient with localized disease of the palate, survived 17 years after diagnosis. All patients with poor survival had tumors > or =3.5 cm. Histologically, all cases showed diffuse architecture with large, discohesive polygonal cells. Spindling of cells was focally noted. Hemophagocytosis was identified in 3/5 cases. A prominent inflammatory background was present in 4/5 tumors. All cases were immunoreactive for CD45, CD163, CD68, and lysozyme. S-100 was focally positive in 4/5 cases. Antibodies for melanocytic, epithelial, lymphoid, and dendritic cell markers were negative. Molecular studies showed monoclonal IgH gene rearrangements in three cases. Our findings suggest that HS is an uncommon neoplasm frequently extranodal in presentation and aggressive in behavior, with rare exceptions. Stage of disease and possibly tumor size are significant prognostic indicators. Molecular studies remain controversial in the diagnosis. The morphologic and phenotypic features are relatively uniform; however, the diagnosis requires exclusion of more common neoplasms by extensive immunophenotypic studies. CD163 appears to be a specific histiocytic marker and is important in establishing the diagnosis of HS.  (+info)

CY15, a malignant histiocytic tumor that is phenotypically similar to immature dendritic cells. (2/22)

The origin and pathogenesis of histiocytic malignancies and the biology of the tumor cells are poorly understood. We have isolated a murine histiocytic tumor cell line (CY15) from a BALB/c IFNgamma(-/-) mouse and characterized it in terms of phenotype and function. The morphology, as judged by electron microscopy, and the surface marker phenotype suggests that CY15 cells are similar to immature dendritic cells (CD11c (low), MHC II (low), CD11b(+), B7.1(+), B7.2(+), and CD40(+)). The cells form tumors in BALB/c mice and metastasize to spleen, liver, lung, kidney, and to a lesser extend to lymph nodes and bone marrow, as judged by the growth of green fluorescent protein transfected tumor cells in mice. CY15 cells are capable of actively taking up antigen (FITC-ovalbumin) and can stimulate T lymphocytes in an allogenic mixed lymphocyte reaction but less effectively than their normal counterparts (immature dendritic cells). They respond to interleukin 4 (IL-4) with up-regulation of CD11c. If stimulated with IFNgamma the cells up-regulate MHC II, CD40 B7.1, and B7.2. Lipopolysaccharide induces the cells to up-regulate B7.1 and B7.2 and to secrete tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-12. Based on these data, CY15 is a dendritic cell-like tumor cell line and may serve as a transplantable tumor model for histiocytosis in humans.  (+info)

Assessment of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in canine hemangiosarcoma, histiocytic sarcoma, and mast cell tumor. (3/22)

To determine whether cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is expressed in canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA), histiocytic sarcoma (HS), and grade-II mast cell tumor (MCT), we performed immunohistochemistry using COX-2 antibodies in the aforementioned tumors. Twenty cases of each tumor type were selected initially from the Laboratory of Pathology archives of cases submitted through the Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Immunohistochemistry was performed, using a polyclonal antiprostaglandin endoperoxide synthase immunoglobulin G COX-2 antibody. Sections from the kidneys of young dogs, in which the macula densa stains positive for COX-2, served as positive controls. Slides were reviewed by a single pathologist (M. H. Goldschmidt) and graded for COX-2 expression according to previously established scales. Descriptive data is given for each tumor type. COX-2 expression was identified in 0 of 19 HSA, 1 of 20 HS, and 1 of 17 grade-II MCT. Although COX-2 has been shown to be overexpressed in selected human sarcomas and hematopoeitic tumors, these results indicate that canine HSA, HS, and MCT do not express COX-2 in any appreciable fashion.  (+info)

Histiocytic sarcoma associated with Hodgkin's disease. (4/22)

Histiocytic sarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm. It is well-known the association of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis with Hodgkin's disease but only few cases of histiocytic sarcoma associated with Hodgkin's disease was reported. We present the case of 20-years-old female patient with Hodgkin's disease with a sternal tumor mass which was diagnosed as histiocytic sarcoma. The diagnostic was established immunohistochemically, using a large battery of antibodies (S-100, CD 68, CD 34, CD 15, CD 30, Vim, NFAP) and by electron microscopy which revealed the lack of the Birbeck granules in the malignant proliferated histiocytes.  (+info)

The PTEN and INK4A/ARF tumor suppressors maintain myelolymphoid homeostasis and cooperate to constrain histiocytic sarcoma development in humans. (5/22)

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare malignant proliferation of histiocytes of uncertain molecular pathogenesis. Here, genetic analysis of coincident loss of Pten and Ink4a/Arf tumor suppressors in the mouse revealed a neoplastic phenotype dominated by a premalignant expansion of biphenotypic myelolymphoid cells followed by the development of HS. Pten protein loss occurred only in the histiocytic portion of tumors, suggesting a stepwise genetic inactivation in the generation of HS. Similarly, human HS showed genetic or epigenetic inactivation of PTEN, p16(INK4A), and p14(ARF), supporting the relevance of this genetically engineered mouse model of HS. These genetic and translational observations establish a cooperative role of Pten and Ink4a/Arf in the development of HS and provide mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of human HS.  (+info)

Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of benzophenone (CAS No. 119-61-9) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (feed studies). (6/22)

Benzophenone is used as a photoinitiator, a fragrance enhancer, an ultraviolet curing agent, and occasionally as a flavor ingredient; it is also used in the manufacture of insecticides, agricultural chemicals, and hypnotics, antihistamines, and other pharmaceuticals; and it is used as an additive in plastics, coatings, and adhesive formulations. Benzophenone was nominated for study by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences based on its potential for occupational and consumer exposure and the lack of long-term toxicity data. Male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to benzophenone (greater than 99% pure) in feed for 2 years. Genetic toxicology studies were conducted in Salmonella typhimurium, mouse bone marrow cells, and mouse peripheral blood erythrocytes. Results of 14-week toxicity studies in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were reported earlier (NTP, 2000). 2-YEAR STUDY IN RATS: Groups of 50 male and 50 female rats were fed diets containing 0, 312, 625, or 1,250 ppm benzophenone (equivalent to average daily doses of approximately 15, 30, and 60 mg benzophenone/kg body weight to males and 15, 30, and 65 mg/kg to females) for 105 weeks. Survival of 1,250 ppm males was significantly less than that of controls. Mean body weights of 1,250 ppm males were markedly less than those of the controls during year 2 of the study, and weights of exposed females were consistently less than controls throughout the study. Feed consumption by 1,250 ppm males was less than that by the controls after week 70; feed consumption by 1,250 ppm females was generally less than that by the controls throughout the study. There was a positive trend in the incidences of renal tubule adenoma in males, and the incidences in 625 and 1,250 ppm males exceeded the historical control range for all routes; these neoplasms were accompanied by significantly increased incidences of renal tubule hyperplasia. Due to these findings, additional kidney sections were evaluated; results indicated additional renal tubule adenomas in all groups of males and renal tubule hyperplasia in all groups of males and females. The incidences of pelvic transitional epithelium hyperplasia and the severity of nephropathy were significantly increased in all exposed groups of male rats. Increased incidences of mononuclear cell leukemia in all exposed groups of females exceeded the historical control range from feed studies, and the incidence in 625 ppm females was significantly greater than that in the controls. Male rats exposed to 312 or 625 ppm had significantly increased incidences of mononuclear cell leukemia. One 625 ppm female and two 1,250 ppm females had histiocytic sarcomas, and the incidence in the 1,250 ppm group exceeded the range in the historical controls. Liver lesions included significantly increased incidences of hepatocytic centrilobular hypertrophy in all exposed groups of males and females, cystic degeneration in 625 and 1,250 ppm males, and bile duct hyperplasia in all exposed groups of females. Incidences of mammary gland fibroadenoma in females exposed to 625 or 1,250 ppm were lower than expected after adjusting for body weight. 2-YEAR STUDY IN MICE: Groups of 50 male and 50 female mice were fed diets containing 0, 312, 625, or 1,250 ppm benzophenone (equivalent to average daily doses of approximately 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg body weight to males and 35, 70, and 150 mg/kg to females) for 105 weeks. Survival of all exposed groups of mice was generally similar to that of the control groups. Mean body weights of exposed females were less than vehicle controls. Feed consumption by exposed males and females was similar to that by the controls. In male mice, there were significantly increased incidences of hepatocellular adenoma in the 625 and 1,250 ppm groups, and these incidences exceeded the historical control range. All hepatocellular neoplasms combined occurred with a positive trend. In female mice, the incidences of hepatocellular adenoma in the 625 and 1,250 ppm groups were higher than expected after adjusting for the lower body weights in these groups. Incidences of centrilobular hepatocyte hypertrophy were significantly increased in all exposed groups of males and females. All exposed groups of male mice had significant increases in the incidences of multinucleated hepatocytes and chronic active inflammation. The incidences of cystic degeneration of hepatocytes in 625 and 1,250 ppm males were significantly increased. The incidence of histiocytic sarcoma in 625 ppm females was significantly increased and exceeded the historical control range. The incidences of kidney nephropathy and mineralization in exposed groups of females and the severity of nephropathy in exposed groups of males were significantly increased. The incidences of metaplasia of the olfactory epithelium were significantly increased in 1,250 ppm males and females. The incidences of hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles in the spleen were significantly increased in all exposed groups of males and in 312 and 625 ppm females. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY: Benzophenone was not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, or TA1537, with or without hamster or rat liver activation enzymes. No significant increases in the frequencies of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes were seen in bone marrow samples from male mice administered benzophenone three times by intraperitoneal injection. In addition, no increases in micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes were noted in peripheral blood of male or female mice administered benzophenone for 14 weeks in dosed feed. CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of these 2-year studies, there was some evidence of carcinogenic activity of benzophenone in male F344/N rats based on increased incidences of renal tubule adenoma; mononuclear cell leukemia in male F344/N rats may have been related to benzophenone exposure. There was equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity of benzophenone in female F344/N rats based on the marginally increased incidences of mononuclear cell leukemia and histiocytic sarcoma. There was some evidence of carcinogenic activity of benzophenone in male B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of hepatocellular neoplasms, primarily adenoma. There was some evidence of carcinogenic activity of benzophenone in female B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of histiocytic sarcoma; the incidences of hepatocellular adenoma in female B6C3F1 mice may have been related to benzophenone exposure. Administration of benzophenone in feed resulted in increased incidences and/or severities of nonneoplastic lesions in the kidney and liver of male and female rats and in the liver, kidney, nose, and spleen of male and female mice. Decreased incidences of mammary gland fibroadenoma in female rats were related to benzophenone exposure.  (+info)

Canine hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma: a proliferative disorder of CD11d+ macrophages. (7/22)

Histiocytic disorders of dogs include histiocytoma, localized histiocytic sarcoma (HS), disseminated HS (malignant histocytosis), and the reactive histiocytoses: cutaneous and systemic. A common element to these diseases is proliferation of dendritic cells (DC) of either Langerhans cell (epithelial DC) or interstitial DC lineage. In this report, 17 dogs with hemophagocytic HS are described. Breeds affected included Bernese Mountain Dog (6), Golden Retriever (4), Rottweiler (3), Labrador Retriever (2), a mixed-breed dog, and a Schnauzer, which were from 2.5 to 13 years old. The dogs presented with Coombs negative responsive anemia in 16/17 dogs (94%), thrombocytopenia in 15/17 dogs (88%), hypoalbuminemia in 16/17 dogs (94%), and hypocholesterolemia in 11/16 dogs (69%). All dogs died or were euthanized. The clinical course ranged from 2 to 32 weeks (mean 7.1 weeks). Diffuse splenomegaly with ill-defined masses was consistently present. Microscopic lesions were prevalent in spleen, liver, lung, and bone marrow. Metastasis occurred by insidious intravascular invasion with minimal mass formation. Histiocytes were markedly erythrophagocytic and accompanied by foci of extramedullary hemopoiesis. Cytologically, the histiocytes varied from well differentiated to atypical, with atypia more prevalent in spleen than bone marrow. These tumors arose from splenic red pulp and bone marrow macrophages, which expressed major histocompatibility complex class II and the beta2 integrin, CD11d. They had low and/or inconsistent expression of CD1 and CD11c, which are dominantly expressed by canine nonhemophagocytic HS of DC origin. Canine histiocytic proliferative diseases now encompass proliferation of all members of the myeloid histiocytic lineage: Langerhans cells, interstitial DC, and macrophages.  (+info)

Feline progressive histiocytosis. (8/22)

Histiocytic proliferative diseases include reactive and neoplastic proliferations of dendritic cells (DC) or macrophages. Various forms of DC proliferations have been documented in humans and dogs; their etiology is largely unknown. With the exception of a few case reports, histiocytic proliferations have not been characterized in cats. This study summarizes clinical, morphologic, and immunophenotypic features of a feline progressive histiocytosis (FPH) in 30 cats. There was no breed or age predilection. Females were more often affected than males. Solitary or multiple nonpruritic firm papules, nodules, and plaques had a predilection for feet, legs, and face. Lesions consisted of poorly circumscribed epitheliotropic (13/30) and nonepitheliotropic (17/30) histiocytic infiltrates of the superficial and deep dermis, with variable extension into the subcutis. The histiocytic population was relatively monomorphous early in the clinical course. With disease progression, cellular pleomorphism was more frequently encountered. Histiocytes expressed CD1a, CD1c, CD18, and major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. This immunophenotype suggests a DC origin of these lesions. Coexpression of E-cadherin, a feature of cutaneous Langerhans cells, was only observed in 3 cats. FPH followed a progressive clinical course; the lesions, however, were limited to the skin for an extended period of time. Terminal involvement of internal organs was documented in 7 cases. Treatment with chemotherapeutics or immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs was not successful. The etiology of FPH remains unknown. FPH is best considered an initially indolent cutaneous neoplasm, which is mostly slowly progressive and may spread beyond the skin in the terminal stage.  (+info)

Histiocytosis is a term used to describe a group of rare disorders characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of histiocytes, which are a type of white blood cell that helps fight infection and helps in healing processes. These disorders can affect various organs and tissues in the body, leading to different symptoms and severity.

There are several types of histiocytosis, including Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD), and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Each type has its own specific features and diagnostic criteria.

For example, LCH is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of Langerhans cells, a type of histiocyte found in the skin and mucous membranes. These cells can form tumors or lesions in various organs, such as the bones, lungs, liver, and skin.

HLH, on the other hand, is a life-threatening condition that occurs when there is an overactive immune response leading to excessive activation of histiocytes and other immune cells. This can result in fever, enlargement of the liver and spleen, and decreased blood cell counts.

The exact cause of histiocytosis is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve genetic mutations that lead to uncontrolled proliferation and accumulation of histiocytes. Treatment for histiocytosis depends on the type and severity of the disorder and may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunosuppressive drugs, or stem cell transplantation.

Malignant histiocytic disorders are a group of rare and aggressive cancers that affect the mononuclear phagocyte system, which includes histiocytes or cells that originate from bone marrow precursors called monoblasts. These disorders are characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of malignant histiocytes, leading to tissue invasion and damage.

There are several types of malignant histiocytic disorders, including:

1. Acute Monocytic Leukemia (AML-M5): This is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia that affects the monocyte cell lineage and can involve the skin, lymph nodes, and other organs.
2. Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH): Although primarily considered a benign histiocytic disorder, some cases of LCH can progress to a malignant form with aggressive behavior and poor prognosis.
3. Malignant Histiocytosis (MH): This is a rare and aggressive disorder characterized by the infiltration of malignant histiocytes into various organs, including the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes.
4. Histiocytic Sarcoma (HS): This is a highly aggressive cancer that arises from malignant histiocytes and can affect various organs, such as the skin, lymph nodes, and soft tissues.

Symptoms of malignant histiocytic disorders depend on the type and extent of organ involvement but may include fever, fatigue, weight loss, anemia, and enlarged lymph nodes or organs. Treatment typically involves a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and/or stem cell transplantation. The prognosis for malignant histiocytic disorders is generally poor, with a high risk of relapse and a low overall survival rate.

Histiocytic sarcoma is a rare type of cancer that originates from histiocytes, which are cells that are part of the immune system and found in various tissues throughout the body. These cells normally function to help fight infection and remove foreign substances. In histiocytic sarcoma, there is an abnormal accumulation and proliferation of these cells, leading to the formation of tumors.

Histiocytic sarcoma can affect people of any age but is more commonly found in adults, with a slight male predominance. It can occur in various parts of the body, such as the lymph nodes, skin, soft tissues, and internal organs like the spleen, liver, and lungs. The exact cause of histiocytic sarcoma remains unknown, but it is not considered to be hereditary.

The symptoms of histiocytic sarcoma depend on the location and extent of the tumor(s). Common signs include swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, fever, weight loss, night sweats, and pain or discomfort in the affected area. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of imaging studies (like CT scans, PET scans, or MRI), biopsies, and laboratory tests to confirm the presence of histiocytic sarcoma and assess its extent.

Treatment for histiocytic sarcoma usually involves a multidisciplinary approach, including surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The choice of treatment depends on several factors, such as the location and stage of the disease, the patient's overall health, and their personal preferences. Clinical trials may also be an option for some patients, allowing them to access new and experimental therapies.

Prognosis for histiocytic sarcoma is generally poor, with a five-year survival rate of approximately 15-30%. However, outcomes can vary significantly depending on individual factors, such as the patient's age, the extent of the disease at diagnosis, and the effectiveness of treatment. Continued research is necessary to improve our understanding of this rare cancer and develop more effective therapies for those affected.

Erdheim-Chester Disease (ECD) is a rare, progressive histiocytic disorder, characterized by the accumulation of immune cells called histiocytes in various parts of the body. These histiocytes are derived from myeloid precursors and infiltrate different organs and tissues, leading to inflammation, fibrosis, and subsequent damage.

The clinical presentation of ECD is heterogeneous, with symptoms depending on the affected organs. Commonly involved sites include bones (particularly long bones), central nervous system, heart, lungs, skin, and kidneys. Symptoms may range from bone pain, fatigue, and weight loss to neurological manifestations, cardiac dysfunction, respiratory distress, and renal impairment.

Diagnosis of ECD typically involves a combination of imaging studies (such as X-rays, CT scans, MRI, or PET scans), biopsy with histopathological examination, and immunohistochemical analysis to confirm the presence of characteristic histiocytic infiltrates. Genetic testing may also be performed to identify potential genetic mutations associated with ECD.

Treatment options for ECD depend on the extent and severity of organ involvement. Current therapeutic approaches include:

1. Targeted therapy with kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib or vemurafenib, which have shown efficacy in reducing histiocytic infiltration and improving symptoms.
2. Chemotherapy using agents like cladribine or cyclophosphamide, which can help control the disease's progression.
3. Immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids or interferon-alpha to manage inflammation and immune response.
4. Radiation therapy for localized bone lesions or symptomatic relief.
5. Supportive care to address specific organ dysfunction, such as heart failure management or respiratory support.

Due to the rarity of ECD, treatment decisions are often made in consultation with multidisciplinary teams experienced in managing histiocytic disorders. Clinical trials evaluating novel therapeutic strategies are also essential for advancing our understanding and improving outcomes for patients with ECD.

Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). When you become depressed, you may feel sad or hopeless and lose interest or pleasure in most activities. When your mood shifts to mania or hypomania (a less severe form of mania), you may feel euphoric, full of energy, or unusually irritable. These mood swings can significantly affect your job, school, relationships, and overall quality of life.

Bipolar disorder is typically characterized by the presence of one or more manic or hypomanic episodes, often accompanied by depressive episodes. The episodes may be separated by periods of normal mood, but in some cases, a person may experience rapid cycling between mania and depression.

There are several types of bipolar disorder, including:

* Bipolar I Disorder: This type is characterized by the occurrence of at least one manic episode, which may be preceded or followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes.
* Bipolar II Disorder: This type involves the presence of at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode, but no manic episodes.
* Cyclothymic Disorder: This type is characterized by numerous periods of hypomania and depression that are not severe enough to meet the criteria for a full manic or depressive episode.
* Other Specified and Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorders: These categories include bipolar disorders that do not fit the criteria for any of the other types.

The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown, but it appears to be related to a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurochemical factors. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes to help manage symptoms and prevent relapses.

A mental disorder is a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior. It's associated with distress and/or impaired functioning in social, occupational, or other important areas of life, often leading to a decrease in quality of life. These disorders are typically persistent and can be severe and disabling. They may be related to factors such as genetics, early childhood experiences, or trauma. Examples include depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and personality disorders. It's important to note that a diagnosis should be made by a qualified mental health professional.

Anxiety disorders are a category of mental health disorders characterized by feelings of excessive and persistent worry, fear, or anxiety that interfere with daily activities. They include several different types of disorders, such as:

1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): This is characterized by chronic and exaggerated worry and tension, even when there is little or nothing to provoke it.
2. Panic Disorder: This is characterized by recurring unexpected panic attacks and fear of experiencing more panic attacks.
3. Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD): Also known as social phobia, this is characterized by excessive fear, anxiety, or avoidance of social situations due to feelings of embarrassment, self-consciousness, and concern about being judged or viewed negatively by others.
4. Phobias: These are intense, irrational fears of certain objects, places, or situations. When a person with a phobia encounters the object or situation they fear, they may experience panic attacks or other severe anxiety responses.
5. Agoraphobia: This is a fear of being in places where it may be difficult to escape or get help if one has a panic attack or other embarrassing or incapacitating symptoms.
6. Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD): This is characterized by excessive anxiety about separation from home or from people to whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment (such as a parent, sibling, or partner).
7. Selective Mutism: This is a disorder where a child becomes mute in certain situations, such as at school, but can speak normally at home or with close family members.

These disorders are treatable with a combination of medication and psychotherapy (cognitive-behavioral therapy, exposure therapy). It's important to seek professional help if you suspect that you or someone you know may have an anxiety disorder.

Mood disorders are a category of mental health disorders characterized by significant and persistent changes in mood, affect, and emotional state. These disorders can cause disturbances in normal functioning and significantly impair an individual's ability to carry out their daily activities. The two primary types of mood disorders are depressive disorders (such as major depressive disorder or persistent depressive disorder) and bipolar disorders (which include bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, and cyclothymic disorder).

Depressive disorders involve prolonged periods of low mood, sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in activities. Individuals with these disorders may also experience changes in sleep patterns, appetite, energy levels, concentration, and self-esteem. In severe cases, they might have thoughts of death or suicide.

Bipolar disorders involve alternating episodes of mania (or hypomania) and depression. During a manic episode, individuals may feel extremely elated, energetic, or irritable, with racing thoughts, rapid speech, and impulsive behavior. They might engage in risky activities, have decreased sleep needs, and display poor judgment. In contrast, depressive episodes involve the same symptoms as depressive disorders.

Mood disorders can be caused by a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Proper diagnosis and treatment, which may include psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of both, are essential for managing these conditions and improving quality of life.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a publication of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) that provides diagnostic criteria for mental disorders. It is widely used by mental health professionals in the United States and around the world to diagnose and classify mental health conditions.

The DSM includes detailed descriptions of symptoms, clinical examples, and specific criteria for each disorder, which are intended to facilitate accurate diagnosis and improve communication among mental health professionals. The manual is regularly updated to reflect current research and clinical practice, with the most recent edition being the DSM-5, published in 2013.

It's important to note that while the DSM is a valuable tool for mental health professionals, it is not without controversy. Some critics argue that the manual medicalizes normal human experiences and that its categories may be too broad or overlapping. Nonetheless, it remains an essential resource for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers in the field of mental health.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), also simply referred to as depression, is a serious mental health condition characterized by the presence of one or more major depressive episodes. A major depressive episode is a period of at least two weeks during which an individual experiences a severely depressed mood and/or loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities, accompanied by at least four additional symptoms such as significant changes in appetite or weight, sleep disturbances, psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue or loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt, difficulty thinking, concentrating, or making decisions, and recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.

MDD can significantly impair an individual's ability to function in daily life, and it is associated with increased risks of suicide, substance abuse, and other mental health disorders. The exact cause of MDD is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a complex interplay of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Treatment typically involves a combination of psychotherapy (such as cognitive-behavioral therapy) and medication (such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants).

A pediatric hospital is a specialized medical facility that provides comprehensive healthcare services for infants, children, adolescents, and young adults up to the age of 21. These hospitals employ medical professionals with expertise in treating various childhood illnesses, injuries, and developmental disorders. The facilities are designed to cater to the unique needs of children, including child-friendly environments, specialized equipment, and age-appropriate care.

Pediatric hospitals offer a wide range of services such as inpatient and outpatient care, emergency services, surgical procedures, diagnostic testing, rehabilitation, and mental health services. They also focus on preventive healthcare, family-centered care, and education to support the overall well-being of their young patients. Some pediatric hospitals may specialize further, focusing on specific areas such as cancer treatment, cardiology, neurology, or orthopedics.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Philadelphia" is not a medical term. It is a place name, specifically referring to a large city in the state of Pennsylvania, USA. However, it could be used in a medical context if someone were discussing a treatment or procedure that was first developed or primarily practiced in Philadelphia.

If you're looking for a medical term, I'd be happy to help. Could you please provide more details?

Histiocytes are a type of immune cell that are part of the mononuclear phagocyte system. They originate from monocytes, which are derived from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. Histiocytes play an important role in the immune system by engulfing and destroying foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses, as well as removing dead cells and other debris from the body. They can be found in various tissues throughout the body, including the skin, lymph nodes, spleen, and liver.

Histiocytes include several different types of cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and Langerhans cells. These cells have different functions but all play a role in the immune response. For example, macrophages are involved in inflammation and tissue repair, while dendritic cells are important for presenting antigens to T cells and initiating an immune response.

Abnormal accumulations or dysfunction of histiocytes can lead to various diseases, such as histiocytosis, which is a group of disorders characterized by the abnormal proliferation and accumulation of histiocytes in various tissues.

The Philadelphia chromosome is a specific genetic alteration in certain types of leukemia and lymphoma, including chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It is the result of a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, which forms an abnormal fusion gene called BCR-ABL. This gene produces an abnormal protein that leads to unregulated cell growth and division, causing cancer. The Philadelphia chromosome was first discovered in Philadelphia, USA, hence the name.

Neuroblastoma is defined as a type of cancer that develops from immature nerve cells found in the fetal or early postnatal period, called neuroblasts. It typically occurs in infants and young children, with around 90% of cases diagnosed before age five. The tumors often originate in the adrenal glands but can also arise in the neck, chest, abdomen, or spine. Neuroblastoma is characterized by its ability to spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body, including bones, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and skin. The severity and prognosis of neuroblastoma can vary widely, depending on factors such as the patient's age at diagnosis, stage of the disease, and specific genetic features of the tumor.

Retrospective studies, also known as retrospective research or looking back studies, are a type of observational study that examines data from the past to draw conclusions about possible causal relationships between risk factors and outcomes. In these studies, researchers analyze existing records, medical charts, or previously collected data to test a hypothesis or answer a specific research question.

Retrospective studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying trends, but they have limitations compared to prospective studies, which follow participants forward in time from exposure to outcome. Retrospective studies are subject to biases such as recall bias, selection bias, and information bias, which can affect the validity of the results. Therefore, retrospective studies should be interpreted with caution and used primarily to generate hypotheses for further testing in prospective studies.

Bernese Mountain Dogs Diffuse histiocytic sarcoma Localized histiocytic sarcoma Malignant diseases of macrophages Histiocytic ... Histiocytic disorders refer to diseases that are caused by abnormal behavior of these cells. They include the following: ... Malignant diseases of Langerhans cells Malignant histiocytosis - a condition found in ... "Tumors with Histiocytic Differentiation". The Merck Veterinary Manual. 2006. Retrieved 2007-04-29. Ginhoux F, Tacke F, Angeli V ...
... histiocytic disorders, malignant MeSH C15.604.667.400.390.400 - histiocytosis, malignant MeSH C15.604.667.400.390.500 - ... blood coagulation disorders, inherited MeSH C15.378.100.425.037 - activated protein c resistance MeSH C15.378.100.425.056 - ... coagulation protein disorders MeSH C15.378.100.141.036 - activated protein c resistance MeSH C15.378.100.141.072 - ... vascular hemostatic disorders MeSH C15.378.463.835.140 - cryoglobulinemia MeSH C15.378.463.835.240 - ehlers-danlos syndrome ...
Histiocytic disorders refer to diseases that are caused by abnormal behavior of these cells. They include the following: ... Malignant histiocytosis Diffuse histiocytic sarcoma Localized histiocytic sarcoma Malignant diseases of macrophages Histiocytic ... Malignant histiocytosis is a rare hereditary disease found in the Bernese Mountain Dog and humans, characterized by histiocytic ... A similar disease is diffuse histiocytic sarcoma, a term used to designate a localized histiocytic sarcoma that has spread ...
They are usually self-limiting, non-malignant disorders but have a variable possibility of progressing to a malignant ... EBV-associated immunodeficiency-related lymphoproliferative disorders, and EBV-associated histiocytic-dendritic disorders. In ... All three of these are non-malignant disorders that involve lesions admixed with non-destructive proliferations of plasma which ... and a more disseminated disorder termed polymorphic lymphoproliferative disorder. These disorders almost always resolve ...
Malignant histiocytosis 3.b. Histiocytic sarcoma Localized histiocytic sarcoma Diffuse histiocytic sarcoma Histiocytoma is a ... Cutaneous histiocytosis (CH) is a histiocytic proliferative disorder that primarily involves skin and subcutis and does not ... Histiocytic neoplasia which originates at a single site is called histiocytic sarcoma. This form of histiocytic sarcoma, which ... This latter form of HS is most like malignant histiocytosis (MH). MH is an aggressive, histiocytic neoplasm which arises in ...
Leukemia cutis Lymphoma cutis Lymphomatoid granulomatosis Lymphomatoid papulosis Malignant histiocytosis (histiocytic medullary ... Skin Disorders at Curlie All the Internet - Directory - Main/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Skin_Disorders Archived 18 June ... Malignant acrospiroma (spiradenocarcinoma) Malignant mixed tumor (malignant chondroid syringoma) Malignant trichilemmal cyst ... Lymphangiomatosis Malignant fibrous histiocytoma Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (malignant schwannoma, ...
Egan C, Jaffe ES (January 2018). "Non-neoplastic histiocytic and dendritic cell disorders in lymph nodes". Seminars in ... Histiocytosis (and malignant histiocytosis) are both important in veterinary as well as human pathology. Histiocytosis is a ... 200 physicians and scientists from around the world committed to improving the lives of patients with histiocytic disorders by ... is a group of institutions that collaborate on scientific and clinical research for histiocytic diseases. Established in 2014 ...
... multiple B-cell clones that exhibit increasing genomic alterations and malignant behaviors populate the disorder. No single ... or histiocytic sarcoma. t-FL is almost always diagnosed in patients being followed for FL. These FL patients present with the: ... The malignant cells in this disease, unlike FL, stain positive for CD5 and CD23. FL is typically a slowly growing lymphoma with ... The malignant cells in marginal zone B-cell lymphoma may form follicular structures but commonly proliferate in the marginal ...
Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia is generally not malignant, but in rare cases an association has been observed. Follicular ... Sinus hyperplasia is the preferential stimulation of the histiocytic (tissues macrophage) compartment. Histological features ... Lymphocytic disorders). ...
... associated lymphoproliferative disorders Histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms Histiocytic sarcoma Langerhans cell ... Not all hematological disorders are malignant ("cancerous"); these other blood conditions may also be managed by a hematologist ... Hematological malignancies are malignant neoplasms ("cancer"), and they are generally treated by specialists in hematology and/ ... For the analysis of a suspected hematological malignancy, a complete blood count and blood film are essential, as malignant ...
... malignant - malignant ascites - malignant fibrous cytoma - malignant fibrous histiocytoma - malignant meningioma - malignant ... histiocytic lymphoma - histologic examination - histology - histone - histone deacetylase - historic cohort study - historical ... lymphoproliferative disorder - lymphosarcoma - lymphoscintigraphy - Lynch syndrome - lysis - lysosome - lytic - lytic lesion M ... mesothelioma - malignant mixed Müllerian tumor - malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor - malondialdehyde - MALT lymphoma - ...
NOS Malignant lymphoma, large cell, NOS Malignant lymphoma, large B-cell, NOS Malignant lymphoma, histiocytic, NOS Malignant ... hypereosinophilic syndrome M9970/1 Lymphoproliferative disease/disorder, NOS Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, ... Malignant lymphoma, mixed lymphocytic-histiocytic, diffuse Malignant lymphoma, mixed cell type, diffuse Malignant lymphoma, ... malignant M8002/3 Malignant tumor, small cell type M8003/3 Malignant tumor, giant cell type M8004/3 Malignant tumor, spindle ...
... and malignant diseases of lymphoid cells, i.e. B cells, T cells, NK cells, and histiocytic-dendritic cells in which one or more ... Hodgkin lymphoma Immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders Associated with a primary immune disorder Associated ... Historically, mature histiocytic and dendritic cell (HDC) neoplasms have been considered mature lymphoid neoplasms, since these ... Mesenchymal stromal cells may result in little to no difference in the all-cause mortality, relapse of malignant disease and ...
Malignant disorders associated with secondary HLH include T-cell lymphoma, B-cell lymphoma, acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute ... Scott, Ronald Bodley; Robb-Smith, A.H.T. (July 22, 1939). "Histiocytic Medullary Reticulosis". The Lancet. 234 (6047): 194-198 ... Secondary HLH (sHLH) is associated with, and thought to be promoted by, malignant and non-malignant diseases that likewise ... A second report would come out in 1952 that would rename the disorder that same year. A systematic review recently reported the ...
Epstein, AL; Herman, MM; Kim, H; Dorfman, RF; Kaplan, HS (May 1976). "Biology of the human malignant lymphomas. III. ... Sundström C (May 1976). "Establishment and characterization of a human histiocytic lymphoma cell line (U-937)". Int. J. Cancer ... "JAK2 V617F tyrosine kinase mutation in cell lines derived from myeloproliferative disorders". Leukemia. 20 (3): 471-6. doi: ... Epstein, AL; Kaplan, HS (December 1974). "Biology of the human malignant lymphomas. I. Establishment in continuous cell culture ...
DFSP is a malignant tumor diagnosed with a biopsy, when a portion of the tumor is removed for examination. In order to ensure ... "Gleevec Gains Simultaneous FDA Approval for Five Rare, Life-Threatening Disorders". Cancer Network. Oncology NEWS International ... plexiform structure of tumour DFSP formed both by fibroblastic and histiocytic elements Hemosiderin deposits beneath the tumour ... Repeatedly recurring tumors have an increased risk for transformation into a more malignant form (DFSP-FS). The lungs are most ...
The malignant cell in AML is the myeloblast. In normal development of blood cells (hematopoiesis), the myeloblast is an ... Other blood disorders, particularly myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and less commonly myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), can ... Myeloid and Histiocytic/Dendritic Neoplasms". Leukemia. 36 (7): 1703-1719. doi:10.1038/s41375-022-01613-1. PMC 9252913. PMID ... Other symptoms can arise from the infiltration of malignant cells into parts of the body, such as the gingiva and skin. Many ...
"Popcorn" RSC (lympho-histiocytic variant) is a small cell, with a very lobulated nucleus, small nucleoli. "Mummy" RSC has a ... Carl Sternberg and Dorothy Reed independently described the cytogenetic features of the malignant cells of Hodgkin lymphoma, ... "Prophylactic platelet transfusion for prevention of bleeding in patients with haematological disorders after chemotherapy and ... of the lymph node biopsy reveals complete or partial effacement of the lymph node architecture by scattered large malignant ...
... (HCL) was originally described as histiocytic leukemia, malignant reticulosis, or lymphoid myelofibrosis in ... Cawley JC, Burns GF, Hayhoe FG (1980). "A chronic lymphoproliferative disorder with distinctive features: a distinct variant of ... Its common name, which was coined in 1966, is derived from the "hairy" appearance of the malignant B cells under a microscope. ... In HCL, the "hairy cells" (malignant B lymphocytes) accumulate in the bone marrow, interfering with the production of normal ...
The histiocytoses encompass a group of diverse disorders characterized by the accumulation and infiltration of variable numbers ... Contemporary classification of histiocytic disorders. The WHO Committee On Histiocytic/Reticulum Cell Proliferations. ... Malignant histiocytosis and monocytic or myelomonocytic leukemias, while related, traditionally are separated as malignant ... 5, 6] Although several histiocytic disorders are briefly discussed in this article (see History), the primary focus is on ...
Categories: Histiocytic Disorders, Malignant Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...
He has a special interest in neuroblastoma and histiocyte disorders. ... "From the office to the ICU: the basics of histiocytic disorders"-Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia CME Lecture Series; Cherry ... Areas of Expertise: Germ cell tumors (teratomas and malignant germ cell tumors), Histiocytic diseases (LCH and JXG), ... and histiocytic diseases (such as Langerhans cell histiocytosis and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, or LCH and HLH). I help ...
Bernese Mountain Dogs Diffuse histiocytic sarcoma Localized histiocytic sarcoma Malignant diseases of macrophages Histiocytic ... Histiocytic disorders refer to diseases that are caused by abnormal behavior of these cells. They include the following: ... Malignant diseases of Langerhans cells Malignant histiocytosis - a condition found in ... "Tumors with Histiocytic Differentiation". The Merck Veterinary Manual. 2006. Retrieved 2007-04-29. Ginhoux F, Tacke F, Angeli V ...
Our expertise also includes treating non-malignant conditions such as Langerhans cell histiocytosis, histiocytic and ... hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) disorders, fibromatosis and benign tumors that may require surgery and surveillance. ...
... malignant histiocytic disorders/WHO-III (Acute monocytic leukemia, Malignant histiocytosis, Erdheim-Chester disease). ... Oppositional defiant disorder · Separation anxiety disorder · Selective mutism · Reactive attachment disorder · Tic disorder · ... Adjustment disorder · Conversion disorder (Ganser syndrome) · Somatoform disorder (Somatization disorder, Body dysmorphic ... Anxiety disorder (Agoraphobia, Panic disorder, Panic attack, Generalized anxiety disorder, Social anxiety) · OCD · Acute stress ...
Indeterminate cell histiocytosis: a rare histiocytic disorder.. Manente L, Cotellessa C, Schmitt I, Peris K, Torlone G, Muda AO ... Background: Histiocytic sarcoma is an exceedingly rare malignant neoplasm composed of cells with a monocyte/macrophage ... Macrophage/Histiocytic neoplasms. Histiocytic sarcoma Dendritic Cell Neoplasms Langerhans Cell Tumor. Langerhans Cell Sarcoma. ... Although the presence of prominent spindling in our case expanded the differential to include non-histiocytic disorders, the ...
... such as canine malignant lymphoma Malignant Lymphoma in Dogs Malignant lymphoma is a common cancer in dogs. It is a progressive ... Histiocytic Cell Tumors These tumors form a group of poorly defined skin diseases all characterized by a proliferation of cells ... A disorder called generalized nodular dermatofibrosis (dermatofibromas) is rarely seen in German Shepherds. Affected dogs have ... Malignant tumors can spread and cause harm to the animal. Malignant tumors can invade surrounding tissue and spread to distant ...
Disorders of Phagocyte Function. 52. Congenital Disorders of Lymphocyte Function. 53. Pediatric and Adult Histiocytic Disorders ... PART VI NON-MALIGNANT LEUKOCYTES. 49. Neutrophilic Leukocytosis, Neutropenia, Monocytosis, and Monocytopenia. 50. Lymphocytosis ... Iron Homeostasis and Its Disorders. 37. Disorders of Iron Homeostasis: Iron Deficiency and Overload. 38. Anemia of Chronic ... The Spleen and Its Disorders. 157. Aging and Hematologic Disorders. 158. Onco-cardiology: Focus on Cardiac Complications of ...
What are histiocytic disorders, and how are they classified? Histiocytic disorders are a diverse group of diseases caused by ... The third group is called malignant histiocytosis and includes certain kinds of leukemia and tumors. ... Self-education about histiocytic disorders is an important part of advocating for your and your child. It will help you to make ... Fundraising events for histiocytic disorders are another way to make connections with families in your region. A listing of ...
Histiocytic Disorders, Malignant. Distinctive neoplastic disorders of histiocytes. Included are malignant neoplasms of ... Renal CellFacial NeoplasmsLymphatic DiseasesNeoplasms by SiteHistiocytic Disorders, MalignantLymphoma, B-CellUrogenital ... A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the ... A malignant cystic or semisolid tumor most often occurring in the ovary. Rarely, one is solid. This tumor may develop from a ...
with Rb positive solid tumors, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, or histiocytic disorders with activating. alterations (mutations) in cell ... Malignant fluid collections (e.g., ascites, pleural effusions). - Bone marrow infiltration except that detected by MIBG scan ... nervous system [CNS] tumors), non-Hodgkin lymphomas or histiocytic disorders that harbor. activating genetic alterations in ... with advanced solid tumors (including CNS tumors), non-Hodgkin lymphomas or histiocytic. disorders that harbor activating ...
2.1.4 Immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders. *2.1.5 Histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms ... Malignant Lymphoma, follicular, mixed (small cleaved and large cell). High grade. *Malignant Lymphoma, large cell, ... Immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders. **Associated with a primary immune disorder. *Associated with the ... Malignant Lymphoma, small lymphocytic (chronic lymphocytic leukemia). *Malignant Lymphoma, follicular, predominantly small ...
Histiocytic Disorders, Malignant. *Leukemia. *Lymphatic Vessel Tumors. *Lymphoma. *Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed ...
Finally, the terms indented under HISTIOCYTIC DISORDERS, MALIGNANT have undergone significant changes.. ... Note: The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke was inadvertently omitted and will be added next year.. ...
Finally, the terms indented under HISTIOCYTIC DISORDERS, MALIGNANT have undergone significant changes.. ... Note: The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke was inadvertently omitted and will be added next year.. ...
Finally, the terms indented under HISTIOCYTIC DISORDERS, MALIGNANT have undergone significant changes.. ... Note: The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke was inadvertently omitted and will be added next year.. ...
Finally, the terms indented under HISTIOCYTIC DISORDERS, MALIGNANT have undergone significant changes.. ... Note: The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke was inadvertently omitted and will be added next year.. ...
Finally, the terms indented under HISTIOCYTIC DISORDERS, MALIGNANT have undergone significant changes.. ... Note: The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke was inadvertently omitted and will be added next year.. ...
Finally, the terms indented under HISTIOCYTIC DISORDERS, MALIGNANT have undergone significant changes.. ... Note: The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke was inadvertently omitted and will be added next year.. ...
Finally, the terms indented under HISTIOCYTIC DISORDERS, MALIGNANT have undergone significant changes.. ... Note: The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke was inadvertently omitted and will be added next year.. ...
... malignant histiocytoses, and Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease. These histiocytic disorders are a diverse group of disorders ... Histiocytic disorders are rare diseases defined by the clonal accumulation of a macrophage or dendritic cell origin. These ... Over the last decade, there has been growing awareness of the MAPK pathway being a key driver in many histiocytic disorders, ... This review focuses on these histiocytic disorders and the role of pathological ERK signaling due to somatic mutations in the ...
Modern management of pediatric-onset histiocytic disorders. Practical approaches in diagnosis and management of non-malignant ... Histiocytic disorders in childhood", E-Session 530 of European School of Oncolgy in cooperation with SIOP Europe, held at 6:15- ... Masterclass: Modern management of pediatric-onset histiocytic disorders. State-of-art diagnostics and management of primary ... The „Rare" or „Non-LCH" Histiocytic Disorders in Childhood: A Brief Overview. IJBC, 2018, 10(4):101-107. ...
... also known as diffuse histiocytic lymphoma, is a malignant disorder of the B cell (see the image below). Although this ... Immunoblastic lymphoma (IBL), also known as diffuse histiocytic lymphoma, is a malignant disorder of the B cell (see the image ... encoded search term (High-Grade Malignant Immunoblastic Lymphoma) and High-Grade Malignant Immunoblastic Lymphoma What to Read ... High-Grade Malignant Immunoblastic Lymphoma. Updated: Dec 02, 2015 * Author: Asher A Chanan-Khan, MD; Chief Editor: Emmanuel C ...
Malignant tumours were induced with a high incidence at the lowest dose tested, occurred with short latency, and caused early ... In both sexes of Crj:BDF1 mice, drinking water exposure to quinoline increased the incidences of liver histiocytic sarcoma, and ... Olfactory disorders; Nasal cancer; Thorax; Connective tissue; Feeding study; Genotoxic effects; Mutation; Chromosome damage; ...
Other malignant neoplasms of lymphold and histiocytic tissue (202) ST: 1=Subtotal Limited: Sex: 1= Males; 2=Females Length=of ... 038 Disorders of thyroid gland (240-246) 12200 025 Diabetes mellitus (250) 12300 069 Disorders of the pituitary gland and its ... Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri (180) 200 2 044 Malignant neoplasm of body of uterus (182) 210 2 061 Malignant neoplasms of ... Malignant neoplasm of test is (186) 240 037 Malignant neoplasm of bladder (188) 250 078 Malignant neoplasms of kidney and other ...
Overview of Histiocytic Disorders. *COVID-19 Information. *Hemophagocytic Syndromes. *Langerhans cell Histiocytosis in Adults ... Malignant Histiocytosis. *Diabetes Insipidus/Arginine Vasopressin Deficiency. *. Research. *The Road to a Cure ...
"Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a histiocytic inflammatory disorder that can present different histologic patterns. Classic ... FNA results were categorized as follows: suspicious for follicular neoplasm (n = 2), suspicious for malignant cells (n = 1), ... We believe that further efforts must be directed at preoperative diagnosis of mild bleeding disorders CX-4945 datasheet to ... "The use of two antidepressants from the initiation of treatment in major depressive disorder has been investigated in several ...
  • On the clinical side, I have developed expertise in the management of patients with neuroblastoma, germ cell tumors, and histiocytic diseases (such as Langerhans cell histiocytosis and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, or LCH and HLH). (chop.edu)
  • Our expertise also includes treating non-malignant conditions such as Langerhans cell histiocytosis, histiocytic and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) disorders, fibromatosis and benign tumors that may require surgery and surveillance. (cookchildrens.org)
  • Tumors may be benign or malignant (cancerous). (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Malignant tumors can spread and cause harm to the animal. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Malignant tumors can invade surrounding tissue and spread to distant organs. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA). (lookformedical.com)
  • It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (lookformedical.com)
  • This phase II Pediatric MATCH trial studies how well palbociclib works in treating patients with Rb positive solid tumors, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, or histiocytic disorders with activating alterations (mutations) in cell cycle genes that have spread to other places in the body and have come back or do not respond to treatment. (clinicaltrialsgps.com)
  • complete response + partial response) in pediatric patients treated with palbociclib with advanced solid tumors (including central nervous system [CNS] tumors), non-Hodgkin lymphomas or histiocytic disorders that harbor activating genetic alterations in cell cycle genes. (clinicaltrialsgps.com)
  • I. To estimate the progression free survival in pediatric patients treated with palbociclib with advanced solid tumors (including CNS tumors), non-Hodgkin lymphomas or histiocytic disorders that harbor activating genetic alterations in alterations in cell cycle genes. (clinicaltrialsgps.com)
  • A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes. (lookformedical.com)
  • Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. (lookformedical.com)
  • A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes. (lookformedical.com)
  • More recently, histiocytic diseases have been reclassified into five groups: (1) Langerhans-related, (2) cutaneous and mucocutaneous, (3) malignant histiocytosis, (4) Rosai-Dorfman disease, and (5) hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and macrophage activation syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • [ 5 , 6 ] Although several histiocytic disorders are briefly discussed in this article (see History ), the primary focus is on Langerhans cell histiocytosis. (medscape.com)
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a group of idiopathic disorders characterized by the presence of cells with characteristics similar to bone marrow-derived Langerhans cells juxtaposed against a backdrop of hematopoietic cells, including T-cells, macrophages, and eosinophils. (medscape.com)
  • Some researchers believe that langerhans cell histiocytosis in children is a malignant disease, while others consider this form of histiocytosis as a non-tumor process. (antibiotic-store.com)
  • A rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis characterized by infiltration of lymph nodes or extranodal tissues by non-malignant histiocytes displaying emperipolesis a non-destructive phagocytosis of lymphocytes or erythrocytes. (globalgenes.org)
  • In both sexes of Crj:BDF1 mice, drinking water exposure to quinoline increased the incidences of liver histiocytic sarcoma, and in various organs, haemangioma and haemangiosarcoma. (cdc.gov)
  • Histiocytic Sarcoma has been shown to be inherited. (bmdca.org)
  • Immunoblastic lymphoma (IBL), also known as diffuse histiocytic lymphoma, is a malignant disorder of the B cell (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • 6 However, using a stricter definition requiring the presence of a prominent histiocytic component as a major feature and almost complete absence of small B lymphocytes, the unique character of this lymphoma has been demonstrated. (haematologica.org)
  • Accurate clinicopathologic recognition is crucial, particularly because KFD can be mistaken for malignant lymphoma. (medscape.com)
  • A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. (lookformedical.com)
  • Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. (lookformedical.com)
  • Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. (lookformedical.com)
  • Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms . (lookformedical.com)
  • Histiocytic disorders refer to diseases that are caused by abnormal behavior of these cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • I help coordinate the care of children with these diseases at Children's Hospital, and have roles in the international community in developing clinical and translational programs for neuroblastoma and histiocytic diseases. (chop.edu)
  • Skin disorders are typical for this group of diseases. (antibiotic-store.com)
  • Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation. (lookformedical.com)
  • A group of lymphomas exhibiting clonal expansion of malignant T-lymphocytes arrested at varying stages of differentiation as well as malignant infiltration of the skin. (lookformedical.com)
  • This article provides a rational approach to determining the etiology of the lymph node disorder, highlights various disorders to consider in treating a child with lymphadenopathy, and discusses various means of obtaining a tissue diagnosis when the cause of lymphadenopathy is uncertain. (medscape.com)
  • Rosai-dorfman disease (RDD) or sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy is a rare histiocytic proliferative disorder of unknown etiology first identified and characterized by Rosai and Dorfman in 1969. (jbstjournal.com)
  • Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic disease that produces tissue fibrosis and is considered to be a potentially malignant disorder. (opendentistryjournal.com)
  • They acquire mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type as a result of an immunologically mediated disorder. (lookformedical.com)
  • Histiocytoses encompass a group of diverse proliferative disorders characterized by the accumulation and infiltration of variable numbers of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells in the affected tissues. (medscape.com)
  • Histiocytoses encompass a group of exceptionally rare disorders characterized by the abnormal infiltration of tissues by histocytes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Unspecified/other malignant neoplasm of skin of upper limb, incl. (cancer.gov)
  • so-called histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis) is an enigmatic, benign, and self-limited syndrome characterized by regional lymphadenopathy with tenderness, usually accompanied by mild fever and night sweats. (medscape.com)
  • Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a rapidly progressing cancer that develops in the lining of the lungs and has a poor prognosis," said Dr. Eliav Barr, senior vice president, head of global clinical development and chief medical officer, Merck Research Laboratories. (merck.com)
  • There have been few treatment advances for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma, which can be challenging to treat through surgery and radiation alone," said Dr. Quincy Chu, CCTG's study chair of the IND.227 trial/KEYNOTE-483 trial. (merck.com)
  • The trial evaluated KEYTRUDA in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with unresected advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma. (merck.com)
  • Pleural mesothelioma, which develops in the lining of the lungs, is the most common form of malignant mesothelioma, accounting for about 75% of all cases. (merck.com)
  • He has a special interest in neuroblastoma and histiocyte disorders. (chop.edu)
  • [ 1 ] only in recent years, with the application of molecular analyses, has the pathophysiology of these disorders begun to be elucidated. (medscape.com)
  • On power Doppler sonograms, normal nodes show hilar vascularity ( Fig 1 ) and malignant nodes have a more variable appearance. (ajnr.org)
  • A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. (wakehealth.edu)
  • In addition to these basic issues concerning leukemia pathogenesis, we are devising new diagnostic procedures for detecting and monitoring leukemia patients based on molecular genetic abnormalities in the malignant cells. (stanford.edu)
  • Note: Pilocytic/juvenile astrocytoma M-9421 moved from behavior /3 (malignant) to /1 (borderline malignancy) in ICD-O-3. (cancer.gov)
  • Summary: Kimura disease is a rare chronic inflammatory disorder mimicking malignancy. (ajnr.org)
  • Over the last several decades, the nomenclature used to describe histiocytic disorders has substantially changed to reflect the wide range of clinical manifestations and the variable clinical severities of some disorders that have the same pathologic findings. (medscape.com)
  • The symptoms and physical findings associated with Rosai-Dorfman disease vary greatly from one person to another depending upon the extent of the disorder and the specific organ systems affected. (rarediseases.org)
  • 13 Despite the similarities of their malignant cells, an important difference between the two lymphomas lies in their clinical presentation and prognosis. (haematologica.org)
  • Rosai-Dorfman disease is a rare disorder characterized by overproduction (proliferation) and accumulation of a specific type of white blood cell (histiocyte) in the lymph nodes of the body (lymphadenopathy), most often those of the neck (cervical lymphadenopathy). (rarediseases.org)
  • A group of malignant lymphomas thought to derive from peripheral T-lymphocytes in lymph nodes and other nonlymphoid sites. (lookformedical.com)
  • Malignant tumours were induced with a high incidence at the lowest dose tested, occurred with short latency, and caused early deaths. (cdc.gov)
  • Although incidence of malignant mesothelioma has gradually declined in the United States, continued use of and exposure to asbestos around the world has resulted in increasing global rates of this aggressive disease. (merck.com)
  • With malignant histiocytosis, a high mortality rate. (antibiotic-store.com)
  • OSMF contributes significantly to mortality because of its high malignant transformation rate that may range from 1.5-15% [ 6 ]. (opendentistryjournal.com)
  • However, SEER registries will CONTINUE to report these cases and code behavior as /3 (malignant). (cancer.gov)
  • Previously thought to be an auto-immune disorder, LCH was classified as a blood cancer in 2008 by the World Health Organization. (histio.org)
  • Malignant mesothelioma is a type of cancer that starts in the linings of certain parts of the body, including the chest, abdomen, heart and testicles. (merck.com)
  • Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of. (georgiacancerinfo.org)
  • Sjögren Syndrome Sjögren syndrome is a relatively common chronic, autoimmune, systemic, inflammatory disorder of unknown cause. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Kimura disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown origin that mimics a malignant lesion both clinically and on images (1) . (ajnr.org)
  • Improved understanding of the pathology of histiocytic disorders requires knowledge of the origins, biology, and physiology of the cells involved. (medscape.com)
  • 1975) have required the establishment of continuously growing cell lines from the disease of origin or cocultivation of these cells with previously established cell lines, the ability to grow malignant T -cells in long-term culture could facilitate the isolation of retroviruses from these diseased states. (science-connections.com)
  • The HAA Community The Histiocytosis Association of America, a non-profit organization registered with the Federal Government, is dedicated to helping those dealing with the effects of rare histiocytic disorders by providing a variety of educational programs and emotional support services. (globalgenes.org)
  • However, its prevalence has increased significantly the past few years due to increased awareness about the disorder, and 1500 cases have been reported worldwide. (bvsalud.org)
  • We are dedicated to raising awareness about histiocytic disorders, providing educational and emotional support, and funding research leading to better treatments and a cure. (globalgenes.org)
  • Phone: 856 589-6606 The Histiocytosis Association of America is dedicated to raising awareness about histiocytic disorders, providing educational and emotional support, and funding research leading to better treatments and a cure. (globalgenes.org)
  • Capsule?CAPD: Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis?Caps: Capsules?CAPS: Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes disorders?CAPTIA Syph G: ?CAPTIA Syph M: ?CAST: Cardiac arrhythmia suppression trials?CAT: Computerized axial tomography?Cataplasm. (kuwaitpharmacy.com)
  • A remarkable variety of endocrinologic disorders may cause virilization syndromes. (annals.edu.sg)
  • The rate of occurrence for various autoimmune disorders is not known. (bmdca.org)
  • The disorder predominantly affects children, adolescents or young adults. (rarediseases.org)
  • The working group of the Histiocyte Society divided histocytic disorders into three groups: (1) dendritic cell histiocytosis, (2) macrophage-related disorders, and (3) malignant histiocytosis. (medscape.com)
  • Worldwide, it is estimated there were more than 30,000 new cases of malignant mesothelioma diagnosed and more than 26,000 deaths from the disease in 2020. (merck.com)
  • The exact pathogenesis and malignant conversion mechanism of this disorder are still unknown. (opendentistryjournal.com)
  • Many individuals with Rosai-Dorfman disease do not develop any additional symptoms of the disorder (asymptomatic). (rarediseases.org)
  • The roles of extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and EMT in OSMF are supported by the fact that many mediators such as cytokines and proteins and many signaling pathways involved had been activated in disorders like OSMF, which alter the normal healing process [ 4 ]. (opendentistryjournal.com)
  • Patients are in need of new treatments that can improve survival outcomes, and these positive results support the potential of KEYTRUDA in combination with chemotherapy as a first-line treatment for patients with the most common form of malignant mesothelioma. (merck.com)
  • Note: The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke was inadvertently omitted and will be added next year. (bvsalud.org)