HIV Enteropathy
A syndrome characterized by chronic, well-established DIARRHEA (greater than one month in duration) without an identified infectious cause after thorough evaluation, in an HIV-positive individual. It is thought to be due to direct or indirect effects of HIV on the enteric mucosa. HIV enteropathy is a diagnosis of exclusion and can be made only after other forms of diarrheal illness have been ruled out. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed, pp1607-8; Haubrich et al., Bockus Gastroenterology, 5th ed, p1155)
Protein-Losing Enteropathies
Pathological conditions in the INTESTINES that are characterized by the gastrointestinal loss of serum proteins, including SERUM ALBUMIN; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; and at times LYMPHOCYTES. Severe condition can result in HYPOGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA or LYMPHOPENIA. Protein-losing enteropathies are associated with a number of diseases including INTESTINAL LYMPHANGIECTASIS; WHIPPLE'S DISEASE; and NEOPLASMS of the SMALL INTESTINE.
Special histologic stains are rarely beneficial for the evaluation of HIV-related gastrointestinal infections. (1/14)
During a 28-month period, endoscopic mucosal biopsy specimens from all HIV-infected patients were submitted for routine histologic evaluation. Immunoperoxidase staining for cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus antigens (esophagus), mycobacterial and fungal staining, and Gram staining of mucosal biopsy specimens were done. Special fungal and acid-fast stains were selectively performed in patients with absolute CD4 cell counts of less than 200 cells per microliter (200 x 10(6)/L) and/or with diarrhea and or wasting syndrome. Treatment was based on the endoscopic and histologic findings, and long-term follow-up was performed. The 121 symptomatic HIV-infected patients underwent 221 upper and/or lower endoscopies with 285 biopsy sites. The sensitivity and specificity of H&E staining for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus were 97% and 100%, respectively. The results of fungal and mycobacterial stains neither altered therapy nor identified previously undiagnosed infections in any patient. Long-term follow-up revealed no patient in whom an infection was missed on routine H&E, which affected outcome. Routine H&E staining is accurate for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients. Special histologic stains for fungal, mycobacterial, and viral infections did not increase the diagnostic yield or alter medical therapy but doubled the costs. (+info)Monocyte/macrophage traffic in HIV and SIV encephalitis. (2/14)
This short review focuses on the role of central nervous system (CNS) perivascular macrophages as targets of productive infection of the CNS. Data discussed include the importance of these cells as early targets of infection and their productive infection with AIDS. Many of the immune molecules on perivascular macrophages are also found on subsets of blood monocyte/macrophages, some of which are expanded during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. These observations paired with the known bone marrow (BM) origin of perivascular macrophages and the BM as a site of HIV infection underscore the importance of the study of monocyte populations in the BM and blood, which are activated and infected as a source of virus that enters the CNS. Data presented and discussed herein suggest a role of HIV-infected BM-derived monocytes as "Trojan horse" cells that traffic to the CNS to become perivascular macrophages. The study of such cells including their timing of infection, activation, and traffic and the role of HIV-specific immune responses controlling their accumulation in the CNS warrant study with regard to CNS neuropathogenesis. (+info)HIV infection and the gastrointestinal immune system. (3/14)
(+info)Small intestine CD4+ cell reduction and enteropathy in simian/human immunodeficiency virus KS661-infected rhesus macaques in the presence of low viral load. (4/14)
(+info)Gastric and intestinal barrier impairment in tropical enteropathy and HIV: limited impact of micronutrient supplementation during a randomised controlled trial. (5/14)
(+info)Inflammation and epithelial cell injury in AIDS enteropathy: involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress. (6/14)
(+info)Detection of Dientamoeba fragilis in patients with HIV/AIDS by using a simplified iron hematoxylin technique. (7/14)
(+info)Enteropathies in the developing world: neglected effects on global health. (8/14)
(+info)'HIV Enteropathy' is a term used to describe the small intestinal inflammation and malabsorption seen in some people with HIV, which is not directly attributed to opportunistic infections, malignancies or other known causes, and is thought to be due to the direct or indirect effects of the virus on the gastrointestinal tract.
HIV enteropathy is a term used to describe intestinal damage and dysfunction that can occur in people with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection. It is thought to be caused by the direct effects of the virus on the cells lining the intestine, as well as by the immune response to the virus.
The main features of HIV enteropathy include increased permeability of the intestinal lining (which can lead to the leakage of bacteria and other particles into the bloodstream), inflammation, and malabsorption of nutrients. This can result in a range of symptoms, such as chronic diarrhea, weight loss, abdominal pain, and malnutrition.
It's important to note that HIV enteropathy is not the same as opportunistic infections (OIs) of the gastrointestinal tract, which can also occur in people with HIV/AIDS. OIs are caused by other infectious agents (such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites) that take advantage of the weakened immune system in advanced HIV disease.
The diagnosis of HIV enteropathy is often one of exclusion, meaning that other potential causes of gastrointestinal symptoms must be ruled out first. Treatment typically involves addressing any underlying opportunistic infections or other conditions, as well as providing supportive care to manage symptoms and optimize nutritional status. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is also a critical component of treatment, as it can help to restore immune function and reduce intestinal damage caused by the virus.
Protein-losing enteropathies are conditions characterized by excessive loss of proteins into the gastrointestinal tract, leading to hypoproteinemia and edema.
Protein-losing enteropathies (PLE) refer to a group of conditions characterized by excessive loss of proteins from the gastrointestinal tract into the intestinal lumen and ultimately into the stool. This results in hypoproteinemia, which is a decrease in the concentration of proteins in the bloodstream, particularly albumin.
The protein loss can occur due to various reasons such as increased permeability of the intestinal mucosa, lymphatic obstruction, or inflammatory processes affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Common causes of PLE include conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal lymphangiectasia, celiac disease, Whipple's disease, and menetrier's disease.
Symptoms of PLE may include edema, ascites, weight loss, diarrhea, and fatigue. The diagnosis of PLE typically involves measuring the concentration of proteins in the stool, as well as other diagnostic tests to determine the underlying cause. Treatment of PLE depends on the underlying cause and may involve dietary modifications, medications, or surgical interventions.
Seroepidemiology of hepatitis E virus infection in an urban population in Zambia: strong association with HIV and environmental...
In adults it is strongly associated with HIV status, and also with environmental enteropathy. ... In adults it is strongly associated with HIV status, and also with environmental enteropathy. ... strong association with HIV and environmental enteropathy Choolwe Jacobs 1 , Clarance Chiluba, Cynthia Phiri, Mpala Mwanza ... In adults, the overall prevalence was 42%, with 28% in HIV-seronegative adults and 71% in HIV-seropositive adults (odds ratio, ...
Protein-losing enteropathy: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Protein-losing enteropathy is an abnormal loss of protein from the digestive tract. It can also refer to the inability of the ... Protein-losing enteropathy is an abnormal loss of protein from the digestive tract. It can also refer to the inability of the ... Protein-losing enteropathy is an abnormal loss of protein from the digestive tract. It can also refer to the inability of the ... There are many causes of protein-losing enteropathy. Conditions that cause serious inflammation in the intestines can lead to ...
IgA Nephropathy Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes
Enteropathy - Wikipedia
"HIV Enteropathy - MeSH - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-07-09. "eMedicine - Protein-Losing Enteropathy : Article ... Specific types of enteropathy include: Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma Environmental enteropathy, also known as tropical ... Protein losing enteropathy Radiation enteropathy Chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1 gene If the condition also ... Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) enteropathy Characterized by chronic diarrhea more than one month in duration with no ...
Gastrointestinal, Nutrition, & Liver Research in HIV/AIDS - NIDDK
... gastrointestinal inflammation and enteropathy; the consequences of HIV or its treatment on gastrointestinal mucosa; the role of ... Gastrointestinal, Nutrition, & Liver Research in HIV/AIDS. Research on gastrointestinal, nutrition, and liver function in HIV/ ... HIV reservoirs within the gastrointestinal system; and nutritional research related directed at People Living with HIV. ... Priority HIV/AIDS Research within the Mission of NIDDK (R01 Clinical Trial Optional). Summary ...
Whipple Disease Differential Diagnoses
HIV-Associated Complications: A Systems-Based Approach
HIV) infection often develop complications related directly to the infection, as well as to treatment. Aging, lifestyle factors ... HIV Enteropathy / diagnosis * HIV Infections / complications* * Humans * Metabolic Diseases / diagnosis * Metabolic Diseases / ... HIV-Associated Complications: A Systems-Based Approach Am Fam Physician. 2017 Aug 1;96(3):161-169. ... Family physicians who care for patients with HIV infection have a key role in identifying and managing many of these chronic ...
RFA-AA-03-004: RESEARCH ON ALCOHOL-RELATED HIV/AIDS IN WOMEN
RESEARCH ON ALCOHOL-RELATED HIV/AIDS IN WOMEN RFA-AA-03-004. NIAAA ... enteropathy and wasting; oral, gastrointestinal, and genital candidiasis, among other conditions. Determine whether and how ... Examine patterns of HIV infection and variability in strains of HIV in heavy drinking women both in the U.S. and abroad to ... 2. Prevention of HIV Risk Behaviors Related to Alcohol: Behavioral, affective, and cognitive factors affect the risk for HIV ...
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NOT-AI-23-046: Notice of Special Interest (NOSI): HIV Cure-Related Research in Diverse Populations
HIV Cure-Related Research in Diverse Populations NOT-AI-23-046. NIAID ... For example, HIV-associated enteropathy or obesity might have an impact beyond the gastrointestinal mucosa or adipose tissue ... Among the 38 million people living with HIV globally, subtype B represents just 12% of the total burden of HIV. Subtype C virus ... National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) encourages HIV-1 cure related research in diverse cohorts of people living with HIV ...
Crofelemer, a novel agent for treatment of non-infectious diarrhea in HIV-infected persons - PubMed
Crofelemer is the first US FDA-approved drug for symptomatic relief in HIV-infected persons on antiretroviral therapy (ART) who ... However, diarrhea secondary to ART and HIV enteropathy is common in HIV-infected persons. Crofelemer is manufactured from the ... HIV Clin Trials. 2013 Nov-Dec;14(6):261-73. doi: 10.1310/hct1406-261. HIV Clin Trials. 2013. PMID: 24334179 Clinical Trial. ... Crofelemer, a novel agent for treatment of non-infectious diarrhea in HIV-infected persons Poorvi Chordia 1 , Rodger D ...
Anorexia/Cachexia in Patients with HIV: Lessons for the Oncologist
... both the discussion by Von Roenn and Knopf and Tables 1 and 2 offer a very valuable review of the multiple reasons why HIV- ... This article provides a nice overview of HIV-associated wasting. The paper makes a number of strong points. In particular, it ... 9. Kotler DP, Gaetz HP, Lange M, et al: Enteropathy associatedwith the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med101: ... HIV as a Cause of Wasting. Finally, clinicians need to consider that HIV is more than a passivebystander in the wasting ...
Lactase deficiency - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US
PA-10-104: Research on Alcohol and HIV/AIDS (R03)
Research on Alcohol and HIV/AIDS (R03) PA-10-104. NIAAA ... enteropathy and wasting, among other conditions. *Study the ... Prevention of HIV Risk Behaviors Related to Alcohol: Behavioral, affective, and cognitive factors affect the risk for HIV ... Studies on patterns of HIV infection and variability in strains of HIV in heavy drinking populations both in the U.S. and ... Biological Research on Alcohol and HIV/AIDS: Lack of knowledge on the influence of alcohol on HIV infectivity and viral ...
2015 Annual Report Selected Highlights | Clinical Center Home Page
2015 Annual Report Selected Highlights | Clinical Center Home Page
Seroprevalence for Hepatitis E and Other Viral Hepatitides among Diverse Populations, Malawi - Volume 21, Number 7-July 2015 -...
... strong association with HIV and environmental enteropathy. J Infect Dis. 2014;209:652-7. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar ... Management of HIV and hepatitis C virus infections in resource-limited settings. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2010;6:539-45. DOIPubMed ... analyses of viral hepatitides seroprevalence included both HIV-negative and HIV-positive persons (the prevalence of HIV remains ... Co-infection of HIV and HBV or HCV leads to accelerated progression of liver disease (13). The interaction of HEV with HIV has ...
DeCS
HIV Enteropathy, HIV Associated Enteropathy, HIV-Associated Enteropathy, Idiopathic AIDS HIV Associated Enteropathy HIV ... HIV. Enteropathy, HIV Associated. Enteropathy, HIV-Associated. Enteropathy, Idiopathic AIDS. HIV Associated Enteropathy. HIV ... HIV Enteropathy Entry term(s). AIDS Associated Enteropathy AIDS Enteropathies AIDS Enteropathies, Idiopathic AIDS Enteropathy ... Enteropathies, HIV Enteropathies, HIV-Associated Enteropathies, Idiopathic AIDS Enteropathy, AIDS Enteropathy, AIDS Associated ...
MeSH Browser
AIDS Enteropathy AIDS-Associated Enteropathy Enteropathy, AIDS-Associated Enteropathy, HIV Enteropathy, HIV-Associated HIV- ... It is thought to be due to direct or indirect effects of HIV on the enteric mucosa. HIV enteropathy is a diagnosis of exclusion ... It is thought to be due to direct or indirect effects of HIV on the enteric mucosa. HIV enteropathy is a diagnosis of exclusion ... HIV Enteropathy Preferred Term Term UI T056901. Date01/01/1999. LexicalTag ACX. ThesaurusID NLM (1996). ...
MeSH Browser
AIDS Enteropathy AIDS-Associated Enteropathy Enteropathy, AIDS-Associated Enteropathy, HIV Enteropathy, HIV-Associated HIV- ... It is thought to be due to direct or indirect effects of HIV on the enteric mucosa. HIV enteropathy is a diagnosis of exclusion ... It is thought to be due to direct or indirect effects of HIV on the enteric mucosa. HIV enteropathy is a diagnosis of exclusion ... HIV Enteropathy Preferred Term Term UI T056901. Date01/01/1999. LexicalTag ACX. ThesaurusID NLM (1996). ...