Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the cranium which may be associated with dilation of cerebral ventricles, INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; HEADACHE; lethargy; URINARY INCONTINENCE; and ATAXIA.
A form of compensated hydrocephalus characterized clinically by a slowly progressive gait disorder (see GAIT DISORDERS, NEUROLOGIC), progressive intellectual decline, and URINARY INCONTINENCE. Spinal fluid pressure tends to be in the high normal range. This condition may result from processes which interfere with the absorption of CSF including SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, chronic MENINGITIS, and other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp631-3)
Tubes inserted to create communication between a cerebral ventricle and the internal jugular vein. Their emplacement permits draining of cerebrospinal fluid for relief of hydrocephalus or other condition leading to fluid accumulation in the ventricles.
Surgical creation of a communication between a cerebral ventricle and the peritoneum by means of a plastic tube to permit drainage of cerebrospinal fluid for relief of hydrocephalus. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Surgical creation of an opening in a cerebral ventricle.
Narrow channel in the MESENCEPHALON that connects the third and fourth CEREBRAL VENTRICLES.
A narrow cleft inferior to the CORPUS CALLOSUM, within the DIENCEPHALON, between the paired thalami. Its floor is formed by the HYPOTHALAMUS, its anterior wall by the lamina terminalis, and its roof by EPENDYMA. It communicates with the FOURTH VENTRICLE by the CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT, and with the LATERAL VENTRICLES by the interventricular foramina.
Four CSF-filled (see CEREBROSPINAL FLUID) cavities within the cerebral hemispheres (LATERAL VENTRICLES), in the midline (THIRD VENTRICLE) and within the PONS and MEDULLA OBLONGATA (FOURTH VENTRICLE).
PROCEDURES that use NEUROENDOSCOPES for disease diagnosis and treatment. Neuroendoscopy, generally an integration of the neuroendoscope with a computer-assisted NEURONAVIGATION system, provides guidance in NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES.
Radiographic visualization of the cerebral ventricles by injection of air or other gas.
Radiography of the ventricular system of the brain after injection of air or other contrast medium directly into the cerebral ventricles. It is used also for x-ray computed tomography of the cerebral ventricles.
Manometric pressure of the CEREBROSPINAL FLUID as measured by lumbar, cerebroventricular, or cisternal puncture. Within the cranial cavity it is called INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE.
An irregularly shaped cavity in the RHOMBENCEPHALON, located between the MEDULLA OBLONGATA; the PONS; and the isthmus in front, and the CEREBELLUM behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the SUBARACHNOID SPACE.
A thin membrane that lines the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES and the central canal of the SPINAL CORD.
Tapping fluid from the subarachnoid space in the lumbar region, usually between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae.
Congenital, or rarely acquired, herniation of meningeal and spinal cord tissue through a bony defect in the vertebral column. The majority of these defects occur in the lumbosacral region. Clinical features include PARAPLEGIA, loss of sensation in the lower body, and incontinence. This condition may be associated with the ARNOLD-CHIARI MALFORMATION and HYDROCEPHALUS. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp35-6)
Congenital defects of closure of one or more vertebral arches, which may be associated with malformations of the spinal cord, nerve roots, congenital fibrous bands, lipomas, and congenital cysts. These malformations range from mild (e.g., SPINA BIFIDA OCCULTA) to severe, including rachischisis where there is complete failure of neural tube and spinal cord fusion, resulting in exposure of the spinal cord at the surface. Spinal dysraphism includes all forms of spina bifida. The open form is called SPINA BIFIDA CYSTICA and the closed form is SPINA BIFIDA OCCULTA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p34)
Pressure within the cranial cavity. It is influenced by brain mass, the circulatory system, CSF dynamics, and skull rigidity.
Ependymal derivative located at the junction of the THIRD VENTRICLE and the CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT; and the SOMATOSTATIN SECRETING CELLS.
Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.
The space between the arachnoid membrane and PIA MATER, filled with CEREBROSPINAL FLUID. It contains large blood vessels that supply the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD.
A watery fluid that is continuously produced in the CHOROID PLEXUS and circulates around the surface of the BRAIN; SPINAL CORD; and in the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES.
A form of bacterial meningitis caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS or rarely MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. The organism seeds the meninges and forms microtuberculomas which subsequently rupture. The clinical course tends to be subacute, with progressions occurring over a period of several days or longer. Headache and meningeal irritation may be followed by SEIZURES, cranial neuropathies, focal neurologic deficits, somnolence, and eventually COMA. The illness may occur in immunocompetent individuals or as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION in the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunodeficiency syndromes. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp717-9)
Cavity in each of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES derived from the cavity of the embryonic NEURAL TUBE. They are separated from each other by the SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM, and each communicates with the THIRD VENTRICLE by the foramen of Monro, through which also the choroid plexuses (CHOROID PLEXUS) of the lateral ventricles become continuous with that of the third ventricle.
A congenital abnormality of the central nervous system marked by failure of the midline structures of the cerebellum to develop, dilation of the fourth ventricle, and upward displacement of the transverse sinuses, tentorium, and torcula. Clinical features include occipital bossing, progressive head enlargement, bulging of anterior fontanelle, papilledema, ataxia, gait disturbances, nystagmus, and intellectual compromise. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp294-5)
Neoplasms located in the brain ventricles, including the two lateral, the third, and the fourth ventricle. Ventricular tumors may be primary (e.g., CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS and GLIOMA, SUBEPENDYMAL), metastasize from distant organs, or occur as extensions of locally invasive tumors from adjacent brain structures.
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.
Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.
Intracranial or spinal cavities containing a cerebrospinal-like fluid, the wall of which is composed of arachnoidal cells. They are most often developmental or related to trauma. Intracranial arachnoid cysts usually occur adjacent to arachnoidal cistern and may present with HYDROCEPHALUS; HEADACHE; SEIZURES; and focal neurologic signs. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch44, pp105-115)
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
A member of the S-100 protein family that is present at high levels in the blood and interstitial fluid in several infectious, inflammatory, and malignant disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and cystic fibrosis. It is a complex of a light chain (CALGRANULIN A) and a heavy chain (CALGRANULIN B). L1 binds calcium through an EF-hand motif, and has been shown to possess antimicrobial activity.
A delicate membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord. It lies between the PIA MATER and the DURA MATER. It is separated from the pia mater by the subarachnoid cavity which is filled with CEREBROSPINAL FLUID.
The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: "high ridge"), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Birth defect that results in a partial or complete absence of the CORPUS CALLOSUM. It may be isolated or a part of a syndrome (e.g., AICARDI'S SYNDROME; ACROCALLOSAL SYNDROME; ANDERMANN SYNDROME; and HOLOPROSENCEPHALY). Clinical manifestations include neuromotor skill impairment and INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY of variable severity.
The three membranes that cover the BRAIN and the SPINAL CORD. They are the dura mater, the arachnoid, and the pia mater.
A group of disorders characterized by ectodermal-based malformations and neoplastic growths in the skin, nervous system, and other organs.
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Surgery performed on the nervous system or its parts.
A neurosurgical procedure that removes or disconnects the epileptogenic CEREBRAL CORTEX of a hemisphere. Hemispherectomy is usually performed for patients with intractable unilateral EPILEPSY due to malformations of cortical development or brain lesions. Depending on the epileptogenic area in the hemisphere, cortical removal can be total or partial.
Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.
"Medicine in Art" refers to the depiction or use of medical themes, practices, or symbolism in various art forms, such as paintings, sculptures, literature, and performing arts, often serving educational, historical, or aesthetic purposes.
An infant during the first month after birth.
Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)
A villous structure of tangled masses of BLOOD VESSELS contained within the third, lateral, and fourth ventricles of the BRAIN. It regulates part of the production and composition of CEREBROSPINAL FLUID.
'Abnormalities, Multiple' is a broad term referring to the presence of two or more structural or functional anomalies in an individual, which may be genetic or environmental in origin, and can affect various systems and organs of the body.
Procedures of applying ENDOSCOPES for disease diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopy involves passing an optical instrument through a small incision in the skin i.e., percutaneous; or through a natural orifice and along natural body pathways such as the digestive tract; and/or through an incision in the wall of a tubular structure or organ, i.e. transluminal, to examine or perform surgery on the interior parts of the body.

Intracranial arteriovenous malformations. Observations after experience with computerised tomography. (1/1062)

Thirty-six patients with angiographically confirmed intracranial arteriovenous malformations have had computerised tomographic scans performed as part of their investigation. This study demonstrates the incidence of haematoma formation after haemorrhage, the frequency of calcification not visible on plain radiographs, and describes the possible causes for a complicating hydrocephalus. Further information has been gained from the intravenous injection of sodium iothalamate (Conray 420), with comparison of the scans taken before and after the injection.  (+info)

Ultramicroscopic structures of the leptomeninx of mice with communicating hydrocephalus induced by human recombinant transforming growth factor-beta 1. (2/1062)

An experimental model of communicating hydrocephalus was developed based on intrathecal injection of human recombinant transforming growth factor-beta 1 (hrTGF-beta 1) in the mouse. To clarify the mechanism of this hydrocephalus model, the ultrastructure of the leptomeninx in the process of ventricular dilation was examined in C57/BL6 mice injected intrathecally with 60 ng of hrTGF-beta 1. The leptomeninx was examined at various periods after injection by light and electron microscopy. Immunostaining for fibroblasts and macrophages was also performed. Leptomeninx within a week after injection showed that the thin cytoplasmic processes of leptomeningeal cells formed a laminated structure with a meshwork, which was almost the same as the controls. In the second week, many cells with a round nucleus appeared in the leptomeninx. Immunohistochemically, these cells were positive for anti-fibroblast antibody and negative for anti-Mac-1 and anti-macrophage BM-8 antibodies. Three weeks later, the laminated structure was disrupted and abundant deposition of collagen fibers was found in the inter-cellular space of the leptomeninx. Such inter-meningeal fibrosis would disturb cerebrospinal fluid flow in the mouse leptomeninx and cause slowly progressive ventricular dilation.  (+info)

Pleiotropic skeletal and ocular phenotypes of the mouse mutation congenital hydrocephalus (ch/Mf1) arise from a winged helix/forkhead transcriptionfactor gene. (3/1062)

Congenital hydrocephalus is an etiologically diverse, poorly understood, but relatively common birth defect. Most human cases are sporadic with familial forms showing considerable phenotypic and etiologic heterogeneity. We have studied the autosomal recessive mouse mutation congenital hydrocephalus ( ch ) to identify candidate human hydrocephalus genes and their modifiers. ch mice have a congenital, lethal hydrocephalus in association with multiple developmental defects, notably skeletal defects, in tissues derived from the cephalic neural crest. We utilized positional cloning methods to map ch in the vicinity of D13Mit294 and confirm that the ch phenotype is caused by homozygosity for a nonsense mutation in a gene encoding a winged helix/forkhead transcription factor ( Mf1 ). Based on linked genetic markers, we performed detailed phenotypic characterization of mutant homozygotes and heterozygotes to demonstrate the pleiotropic effects of the mutant gene. Surprisingly, ch heterozygotes have the glaucoma-related distinct phenotype of multiple anterior segment defects resembling Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly. We also localized a second member of this gene family ( Hfh1 ), a candidate for other developmental defects, approximately 470 kb proximal to Mf1.  (+info)

Neurological complications of neurofibromatosis type 1 in adulthood. (4/1062)

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disease with a wide range of neurological manifestations. To examine these, and to evaluate neurological morbidity in adulthood of patients with NF1, we studied a hospital-based series of 158 patients that included 138 adult patients aged >18 years and 20 children. NF1 evaluation included a multidisciplinary clinical and a clinically oriented radiological investigation. Neurological events occurring during childhood (in both children and adults of the series) and adulthood were recorded. One or several neurological manifestations have been observed in 55% of patients (adults and children) (n = 87). These included: headache (28 patients); hydrocephalus (7); epilepsy (5); lacunar stroke (1); white matter disease (1); intraspinal neurofibroma (3); facial palsy (1); radiculopathy (5); and polyneuropathy (2). Tumours included: optic pathway tumours (20); meningioma (2); cerebral glioma (3); and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (6). Life-threatening complications were observed in five adults and included four malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours and one meningioma. Pain was the leading symptom in 11 adults and was related to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours, complications of intraspinal neurofibromas, subcutaneous neurofibromas and peripheral nerve neurofibromas. NF1 in adults was not associated with other disabling or life-threatening neurological complications. Symptomatic optic pathway tumours, cerebral gliomas, symptomatic aqueductal stenosis and spinal compression due to intraspinal NF were observed exclusively during childhood. In this series, the predominant neurological features of adults with NF1 were chronic pain and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours.  (+info)

Venous subarachnoid hemorrhage after inferior petrosal sinus sampling for adrenocorticotropic hormone. (5/1062)

Neurologic complications associated with inferior petrosal sinus sampling for adrenocorticotropic hormone in the diagnosis of Cushing syndrome are rare. Previously reported complications include brain stem infarction and pontine hemorrhage. We report a case of venous subarachnoid hemorrhage with subsequent acute obstructive hydrocephalus occurring during inferior petrosal sinus sampling for Cushing syndrome.  (+info)

Lactate dehydrogenase and aspartete transaminase of the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with brain tumours, congenital hydrocephalus, and brain abscess. (6/1062)

The diagnostic value of CSF lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate transaminase in cases of brain tumours (except for CSF AST in the benign tumours), congenital hydrocephalus, and brain abscess is established. Tumour cyst fluids show a higher enzymatic activity than does the CSF. The two enzyme estimations do not help in differentiating the supratentorial from the infratentorial tumours. CSF AST is superior to CSF LD in discriminating the malignant and benign tumours, in so far as the AST is increases selectively in malignancy. Estimates of CSF LD are slightly superior to those of CSF AST, both in incidence of abnormality and the degree of their rise.  (+info)

Treatment of hydrocephalus secondary to cryptococcal meningitis by use of shunting. (7/1062)

Hydrocephalus can be associated with increased morbidity and mortality in cryptococcal meningitis if left untreated. Both ventriculoperitoneal and ventriculoatrial shunting have been used in persons with cryptococcosis complicated by hydrocephalus, but the indications for and complications, success, and timing of these interventions are not well known. To this end, we reviewed the clinical courses of 10 non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with hydrocephalus secondary to cryptococcal meningitis who underwent shunting procedures. Nine of 10 patients who underwent shunting had noticeable improvement in dementia and gait. Two patients required late revision of their shunts. Shunt placement in eight patients with acute infection did not disseminate cryptococcal infection into the peritoneum or bloodstream, nor did shunting provide a nidus from which Cryptococcus organisms proved difficult to eradicate. Shunting procedures are a safe and effective therapy for hydrocephalus in patients with cryptococcal meningitis and need not be delayed until patients are mycologically cured.  (+info)

MR imaging of acute coccidioidal meningitis. (8/1062)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Our purpose was to describe the MR imaging findings in patients with acute coccidioidal meningitis. METHODS: Fourteen patients (11 men, three women; 22-78 years old; mean age, 47 years) with coccidioidal meningitis underwent neuroimaging within 2 months of diagnosis. Thirteen patients had MR imaging and one had an initial CT study with a follow-up MR examination 5 months later. Initial and follow-up MR images were evaluated for the presence of ventricular dilatation, signal abnormalities, enhancement characteristics, sites of involvement, and evidence of white matter or cortical infarction. The patterns of enhancement were characterized as focal or diffuse. Pathologic specimens were reviewed in two patients. RESULTS: Ten of the 14 images obtained at the time of initial diagnosis showed evidence of meningitis. All of the initially abnormal studies showed enhancement in the basal cisterns, sylvian fissures, or pericallosal region. Subsequent studies, which were available for three of the four patients with normal findings initially, all eventually became abnormal, with focal enhancement seen on the initial abnormal examination. Other abnormalities seen at presentation included ventricular dilatation (six patients) and deep infarcts (four patients). Pathologic specimens in two patients showed focal collections of the organism corresponding to the areas of intense enhancement on MR images. CONCLUSION: Early in its disease course, coccidioidal meningitis may show areas of focal enhancement in the basal cisterns, which may progress to diffuse disease. Pathologically, the areas of enhancement represent focal collections of the organism. Deep infarcts and communicating hydrocephalus are associated findings.  (+info)

Hydrocephalus is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain, leading to an increase in intracranial pressure and potentially causing damage to the brain tissues. This excessive buildup of CSF can result from either overproduction or impaired absorption of the fluid, which typically causes the ventricles (fluid-filled spaces) inside the brain to expand and put pressure on surrounding brain structures.

The condition can be congenital, present at birth due to genetic factors or abnormalities during fetal development, or acquired later in life as a result of injuries, infections, tumors, or other disorders affecting the brain's ability to regulate CSF flow and absorption. Symptoms may vary depending on age, severity, and duration but often include headaches, vomiting, balance problems, vision issues, cognitive impairment, and changes in behavior or personality.

Treatment for hydrocephalus typically involves surgically implanting a shunt system that diverts the excess CSF from the brain to another part of the body where it can be absorbed, such as the abdominal cavity. In some cases, endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) might be an alternative treatment option, creating a new pathway for CSF flow within the brain. Regular follow-ups with neurosurgeons and other healthcare professionals are essential to monitor the condition and make any necessary adjustments to the treatment plan.

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a type of hydrocephalus that occurs in older adults and is characterized by the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain's ventricles, leading to enlargement of the ventricles while maintaining normal or near-normal CSF pressure. This condition can cause a triad of symptoms including gait disturbance, cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence.

The exact cause of NPH is not well understood, but it may be associated with conditions such as previous meningitis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, or head trauma. In some cases, the cause may be idiopathic, meaning there is no known underlying condition.

Diagnosis of NPH typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies (such as CT or MRI scans), and sometimes lumbar puncture to measure CSF pressure and assess the patient's response to removal of CSF. Treatment usually involves surgical implantation of a shunt system that diverts excess CSF from the ventricles to another part of the body where it can be absorbed, such as the abdominal cavity. This procedure can help alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life for some patients with NPH.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts are medical devices used to divert the flow of excess CSF from the brain and spinal cord to another part of the body, usually the abdominal cavity. The shunt consists of a catheter, a valve, and a reservoir.

The catheter is inserted into one of the ventricles in the brain or the subarachnoid space surrounding the spinal cord to drain the excess CSF. The valve regulates the flow of CSF to prevent over-drainage, which can cause complications such as low CSF pressure and brain sagging. The reservoir is a small chamber that allows for easy access to the shunt system for monitoring and adjusting the pressure settings.

CSF shunts are typically used to treat conditions associated with increased production or impaired absorption of CSF, such as hydrocephalus, communicating hydrocephalus, normal pressure hydrocephalus, and pseudotumor cerebri. By reducing the buildup of CSF in the brain, shunts can help alleviate symptoms such as headaches, nausea, vomiting, vision problems, and cognitive impairment.

It is important to note that while CSF shunts are effective in managing these conditions, they also carry risks of complications such as infection, obstruction, malfunction, and over-drainage. Regular monitoring and follow-up care are necessary to ensure proper functioning and minimize the risk of complications.

A Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is a surgical procedure that involves the insertion of a long, flexible tube (shunt) into the cerebral ventricles of the brain to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The other end of the shunt is directed into the peritoneal cavity, where the CSF can be absorbed.

The VP shunt is typically used to treat hydrocephalus, a condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of CSF within the ventricles of the brain, which can cause increased intracranial pressure and damage to the brain. By diverting the excess CSF from the ventricles into the peritoneal cavity, the VP shunt helps to relieve the symptoms of hydrocephalus and prevent further neurological damage.

The shunt system consists of several components, including a ventricular catheter that is placed in the ventricle, a one-way valve that regulates the flow of CSF, and a distal catheter that is directed into the peritoneal cavity. The valve helps to prevent backflow of CSF into the brain and ensures that the fluid flows in only one direction, from the ventricles to the peritoneal cavity.

VP shunts are generally safe and effective, but they can be associated with complications such as infection, obstruction, or malfunction of the shunt system. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is necessary to monitor the function of the shunt and ensure that any potential issues are addressed promptly.

A ventriculostomy is a medical procedure in which an opening is made into one of the cerebral ventricles, the fluid-filled spaces within the brain, to relieve pressure or to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for diagnostic testing. This is typically performed using a catheter known as an external ventricular drain (EVD). The EVD is inserted through a burr hole in the skull and into the ventricle, allowing CSF to drain out and be measured or tested. Ventriculostomy may be necessary in the management of various conditions that can cause increased intracranial pressure, such as hydrocephalus, brain tumors, or traumatic brain injuries.

The cerebral aqueduct, also known as the aqueduct of Sylvius, is a narrow canal that connects the third and fourth ventricles (cavities) of the brain. It allows for the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle. The cerebral aqueduct is a critical component of the ventricular system of the brain, and any obstruction or abnormality in this region can result in an accumulation of CSF and increased pressure within the brain, which can lead to serious neurological symptoms and conditions such as hydrocephalus.

The third ventricle is a narrow, fluid-filled cavity in the brain that is located between the thalamus and hypothalamus. It is one of the four ventricles in the ventricular system of the brain, which produces and circulates cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) around the brain and spinal cord.

The third ventricle is shaped like a slit and communicates with the lateral ventricles through the interventricular foramen (also known as the foramen of Monro), and with the fourth ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct (also known as the aqueduct of Sylvius).

The third ventricle contains choroid plexus tissue, which produces CSF. The fluid flows from the lateral ventricles into the third ventricle, then through the cerebral aqueduct and into the fourth ventricle, where it can circulate around the brainstem and spinal cord before being absorbed back into the bloodstream.

Abnormalities in the third ventricle, such as enlargement or obstruction of the cerebral aqueduct, can lead to hydrocephalus, a condition characterized by an accumulation of CSF in the brain.

The cerebral ventricles are a system of interconnected fluid-filled cavities within the brain. They are located in the center of the brain and are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which provides protection to the brain by cushioning it from impacts and helping to maintain its stability within the skull.

There are four ventricles in total: two lateral ventricles, one third ventricle, and one fourth ventricle. The lateral ventricles are located in each cerebral hemisphere, while the third ventricle is located between the thalami of the two hemispheres. The fourth ventricle is located at the base of the brain, above the spinal cord.

CSF flows from the lateral ventricles into the third ventricle through narrow passageways called the interventricular foramen. From there, it flows into the fourth ventricle through another narrow passageway called the cerebral aqueduct. CSF then leaves the fourth ventricle and enters the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord, where it can be absorbed into the bloodstream.

Abnormalities in the size or shape of the cerebral ventricles can indicate underlying neurological conditions, such as hydrocephalus (excessive accumulation of CSF) or atrophy (shrinkage) of brain tissue. Imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are often used to assess the size and shape of the cerebral ventricles in clinical settings.

Neuroendoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical technique that involves the use of an endoscope to access and treat various conditions within the brain and spinal column. An endoscope is a long, flexible tube with a light and camera at its tip, which allows surgeons to view and operate on internal structures through small incisions or natural openings in the body.

In neuroendoscopy, the surgeon uses the endoscope to navigate through the brain's ventricular system (fluid-filled spaces) or other narrow spaces within the skull or spine to diagnose and treat conditions such as hydrocephalus, brain tumors, arachnoid cysts, and intraventricular hemorrhage.

The benefits of neuroendoscopy include reduced trauma to surrounding tissues, shorter hospital stays, faster recovery times, and improved outcomes compared to traditional open surgical approaches. However, neuroendoscopic procedures require specialized training and expertise due to the complexity of the anatomy involved.

Pneumoencephalography is a diagnostic procedure that is rarely used today, due to the development of less invasive techniques. It involves the introduction of air or another gas into the ventricular system or subarachnoid space of the brain, followed by X-ray imaging to visualize the structures and any abnormalities within the intracranial cavity.

The primary purpose of this procedure was to diagnose conditions affecting the brain's ventricles, such as hydrocephalus, tumors, or inflammation. The introduction of air into the cranium allowed for better visualization of these structures and any potential abnormalities. However, due to its invasive nature, risks associated with the procedure, and the availability of non-invasive imaging techniques like CT and MRI scans, pneumoencephalography has fallen out of favor in modern medicine.

Cerebral ventriculography is a medical imaging technique that involves the injection of a contrast material into the cerebral ventricles, which are fluid-filled spaces within the brain. The purpose of this procedure is to produce detailed images of the ventricular system and the surrounding structures in order to diagnose and evaluate various neurological conditions, such as hydrocephalus (excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles), tumors, or other abnormalities that may be causing obstruction or compression of the ventricular system.

The procedure typically involves inserting a thin, flexible tube called a catheter into the lateral ventricle of the brain through a small hole drilled in the skull. The contrast material is then injected through the catheter and X-ray images are taken as the contrast material flows through the ventricular system. These images can help to identify any abnormalities or blockages that may be present.

Cerebral ventriculography has largely been replaced by non-invasive imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which provide similar information without the need for invasive procedures. However, cerebral ventriculography may still be used in certain cases where these other methods are not sufficient to make a definitive diagnosis.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure (CSFP) is the pressure exerted by the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a clear, colorless fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord. CSF acts as a cushion for the brain, allowing it to float within the skull and protecting it from trauma.

The normal range of CSFP is typically between 6 and 18 cm of water (cm H2O) when measured in the lateral decubitus position (lying on one's side). Elevated CSFP can be a sign of various medical conditions, such as hydrocephalus, meningitis, or brain tumors. Conversely, low CSFP may indicate dehydration or other underlying health issues.

It is important to monitor and maintain normal CSFP levels, as abnormal pressure can lead to serious neurological complications, including damage to the optic nerve, cognitive impairment, and even death in severe cases. Regular monitoring of CSFP may be necessary for individuals with conditions that affect CSF production or absorption.

The fourth ventricle is a part of the cerebrospinal fluid-filled system in the brain, located in the posterior cranial fossa and continuous with the central canal of the medulla oblongata and the cerebral aqueduct. It is shaped like a cavity with a roof, floor, and lateral walls, and it communicates rostrally with the third ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct and caudally with the subarachnoid space through the median and lateral apertures (foramina of Luschka and Magendie). The fourth ventricle contains choroid plexus tissue, which produces cerebrospinal fluid. Its roof is formed by the cerebellar vermis and the superior medullary velum, while its floor is composed of the rhomboid fossa, which includes several important structures such as the vagal trigone, hypoglossal trigone, and striae medullares.

The ependyma is a type of epithelial tissue that lines the ventricular system of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. These cells are specialized glial cells that help to form the blood-brain barrier, regulate the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) composition, and provide support and protection for the nervous tissue.

Ependymal cells have a cuboidal or columnar shape and possess numerous cilia on their apical surface, which helps to circulate CSF within the ventricles. They also have tight junctions that help to form the blood-brain barrier and prevent the passage of harmful substances from the blood into the CSF.

In addition to their role in maintaining the integrity of the CNS, ependymal cells can also differentiate into other types of cells, such as neurons and glial cells, under certain conditions. This property has made them a topic of interest in regenerative medicine and the study of neurodevelopmental disorders.

A spinal puncture, also known as a lumbar puncture or a spinal tap, is a medical procedure in which a thin, hollow needle is inserted between two vertebrae in the lower back to extract cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid space. This procedure is typically performed to diagnose conditions affecting the central nervous system, such as meningitis, encephalitis, or subarachnoid hemorrhage, by analyzing the CSF for cells, chemicals, bacteria, or viruses. Additionally, spinal punctures can be used to administer medications or anesthetics directly into the CSF space, such as in the case of epidural anesthesia during childbirth.

The medical definition of a spinal puncture is: "A diagnostic and therapeutic procedure that involves introducing a thin needle into the subarachnoid space, typically at the lumbar level, to collect cerebrospinal fluid or administer medications."

Meningomyelocele is a type of neural tube defect that affects the development of the spinal cord and the surrounding membranes known as meninges. In this condition, a portion of the spinal cord and meninges protrude through an opening in the spine, creating a sac-like structure on the back. This sac is usually covered by skin, but it may be open in some cases.

Meningomyelocele can result in various neurological deficits, including muscle weakness, paralysis, and loss of sensation below the level of the lesion. It can also cause bladder and bowel dysfunction, as well as problems with sexual function. The severity of these symptoms depends on the location and extent of the spinal cord defect.

Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing meningomyelocele and preventing further complications. Treatment typically involves surgical closure of the opening in the spine to protect the spinal cord and prevent infection. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and other supportive care measures may also be necessary to help individuals with meningomyelocele achieve their full potential for mobility and independence.

Spinal dysraphism is a broad term used to describe a group of congenital malformations of the spine and spinal cord. These defects occur during embryonic development when the neural tube, which eventually forms the brain and spinal cord, fails to close properly. This results in an incomplete development or formation of the spinal cord and/or vertebral column.

There are two main categories of spinal dysraphism: open (also called exposed or overt) and closed (also called hidden or occult). Open spinal dysraphisms, such as myelomeningocele and myelocele, involve exposure of the spinal cord and/or its coverings through an opening in the back. Closed spinal dysraphisms, such as lipomyelomeningocele, tethered cord syndrome, and diastematomyelia, are more subtle and may not be visibly apparent at birth.

Symptoms of spinal dysraphism can vary widely depending on the type and severity of the defect. They may include motor and sensory impairments, bowel and bladder dysfunction, orthopedic deformities, and increased risk for neurological complications such as hydrocephalus (accumulation of fluid in the brain). Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to optimize outcomes and minimize potential complications.

Intracranial pressure (ICP) is the pressure inside the skull and is typically measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). It's the measurement of the pressure exerted by the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, and brain tissue within the confined space of the skull.

Normal ICP ranges from 5 to 15 mmHg in adults when lying down. Intracranial pressure may increase due to various reasons such as bleeding in the brain, swelling of the brain, increased production or decreased absorption of CSF, and brain tumors. Elevated ICP is a serious medical emergency that can lead to brain damage or even death if not promptly treated. Symptoms of high ICP may include severe headache, vomiting, altered consciousness, and visual changes.

The subcommissural organ (SCO) is a small neuroendocrine gland located at the caudal end of the third ventricle in the brain. It is situated in the vicinity of the posterior commissure, hence its name. The SCO is primarily composed of ependymal cells and produces a variety of neuropeptides and proteins that are released into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

The main function of the subcommissural organ is to secrete a glycoprotein called SCO-spondin, which plays a role in the formation and maintenance of the cerebral aqueduct and the rostral part of the central canal of the spinal cord. The CSF flow through these structures is facilitated by the presence of SCO-spondin, which has been shown to have adhesive properties that help prevent the collapse of these narrow channels.

Dysfunction or abnormalities in the subcommissural organ may contribute to various neurological disorders, such as hydrocephalus and other conditions associated with impaired CSF flow. However, further research is needed to fully understand the role of this intriguing structure in brain physiology and pathology.

A subarachnoid hemorrhage is a type of stroke that results from bleeding into the space surrounding the brain, specifically within the subarachnoid space which contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This space is located between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater, two of the three layers that make up the meninges, the protective covering of the brain and spinal cord.

The bleeding typically originates from a ruptured aneurysm, a weakened area in the wall of a cerebral artery, or less commonly from arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) or head trauma. The sudden influx of blood into the CSF-filled space can cause increased intracranial pressure, irritation to the brain, and vasospasms, leading to further ischemia and potential additional neurological damage.

Symptoms of a subarachnoid hemorrhage may include sudden onset of severe headache (often described as "the worst headache of my life"), neck stiffness, altered mental status, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and focal neurological deficits. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent further complications and improve the chances of recovery.

The subarachnoid space is the area between the arachnoid mater and pia mater, which are two of the three membranes covering the brain and spinal cord (the third one being the dura mater). This space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which provides protection and cushioning to the central nervous system. The subarachnoid space also contains blood vessels that supply the brain and spinal cord with oxygen and nutrients. It's important to note that subarachnoid hemorrhage, a type of stroke, can occur when there is bleeding into this space.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord. It acts as a shock absorber for the central nervous system and provides nutrients to the brain while removing waste products. CSF is produced by specialized cells called ependymal cells in the choroid plexus of the ventricles (fluid-filled spaces) inside the brain. From there, it circulates through the ventricular system and around the outside of the brain and spinal cord before being absorbed back into the bloodstream. CSF analysis is an important diagnostic tool for various neurological conditions, including infections, inflammation, and cancer.

Meningeal tuberculosis, also known as Tuberculous meningitis, is a severe form of tuberculosis (TB) that affects the meninges, which are the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. It is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium, which can spread through the bloodstream from a primary infection site in the lungs or elsewhere in the body.

In meningeal tuberculosis, the bacteria cause inflammation and thickening of the meninges, leading to increased intracranial pressure, cerebral edema, and vasculitis. These conditions can result in various neurological symptoms such as headache, fever, stiff neck, altered mental status, seizures, and focal neurologic deficits. If left untreated, meningeal tuberculosis can lead to severe complications, including brain damage, hydrocephalus, and even death.

Diagnosis of meningeal tuberculosis typically involves a combination of clinical symptoms, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, imaging studies, and sometimes molecular or culture-based tests to detect the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the CSF. Treatment usually involves a prolonged course of antibiotics specifically designed to target TB, such as isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide, often administered for six to nine months or longer. In some cases, corticosteroids may also be used to reduce inflammation and prevent complications.

The lateral ventricles are a pair of fluid-filled cavities located within the brain. They are part of the ventricular system, which is a series of interconnected spaces filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The lateral ventricles are situated in the left and right hemispheres of the brain and are among the largest of the ventricles.

Each lateral ventricle has a complex structure and can be divided into several parts:

1. Anterior horn: This is the front part of the lateral ventricle, located in the frontal lobe of the brain.
2. Body: The central part of the lateral ventricle, which is continuous with the anterior horn and posterior horn.
3. Posterior horn: The back part of the lateral ventricle, located in the occipital lobe of the brain.
4. Temporal horn: An extension that projects into the temporal lobe of the brain.

The lateral ventricles are lined with ependymal cells, which produce cerebrospinal fluid. CSF circulates through the ventricular system, providing buoyancy and protection to the brain, and is eventually absorbed into the bloodstream. Abnormalities in the size or shape of the lateral ventricles can be associated with various neurological conditions, such as hydrocephalus, brain tumors, or neurodegenerative diseases.

Dandy-Walker Syndrome is a congenital brain malformation characterized by the absence or underdevelopment of the cerebellar vermis (the part of the brain that helps coordinate movement) and an enlarged fluid-filled space (fourth ventricle) surrounding it. This condition can also be associated with an upward bulging of the back of the skull (occipital bone), and in some cases, hydrocephalus (excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain). The syndrome can vary in severity, and symptoms may include problems with balance, coordination, developmental delays, and increased intracranial pressure. It is usually diagnosed through imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI. Treatment typically involves managing symptoms and addressing complications, which may include surgical procedures to relieve hydrocephalus if present.

Cerebral ventricle neoplasms refer to tumors that develop within the cerebral ventricles, which are fluid-filled spaces in the brain. These tumors can arise from various types of cells within the ventricular system, including the ependymal cells that line the ventricles, choroid plexus cells that produce cerebrospinal fluid, or other surrounding tissues.

Cerebral ventricle neoplasms can cause a variety of symptoms depending on their size and location, such as headaches, nausea, vomiting, vision changes, imbalance, weakness, or difficulty with mental tasks. The treatment options for these tumors may include surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, depending on the type and extent of the tumor. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for recurrence and manage any long-term effects of treatment.

Medical Definition:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed cross-sectional or three-dimensional images of the internal structures of the body. The patient lies within a large, cylindrical magnet, and the scanner detects changes in the direction of the magnetic field caused by protons in the body. These changes are then converted into detailed images that help medical professionals to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as tumors, injuries, or diseases affecting the brain, spinal cord, heart, blood vessels, joints, and other internal organs. MRI does not use radiation like computed tomography (CT) scans.

A cerebral hemorrhage, also known as an intracranial hemorrhage or intracerebral hemorrhage, is a type of stroke that results from bleeding within the brain tissue. It occurs when a weakened blood vessel bursts and causes localized bleeding in the brain. This bleeding can increase pressure in the skull, damage nearby brain cells, and release toxic substances that further harm brain tissues.

Cerebral hemorrhages are often caused by chronic conditions like hypertension (high blood pressure) or cerebral amyloid angiopathy, which weakens the walls of blood vessels over time. Other potential causes include trauma, aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, illicit drug use, and brain tumors. Symptoms may include sudden headache, weakness, numbness, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, vision problems, loss of balance, and altered level of consciousness. Immediate medical attention is required to diagnose and manage cerebral hemorrhage through imaging techniques, supportive care, and possible surgical interventions.

An Arachnoid cyst is a type of abnormal fluid-filled sac that develops between the brain or spinal cord and the arachnoid membrane, which is one of the three layers that cover and protect the central nervous system. These cysts are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is the same fluid that surrounds and cushions the brain and spinal cord.

Arachnoid cysts can vary in size and may be present at birth or develop later in life due to trauma, infection, or other factors. While many arachnoid cysts are asymptomatic and do not cause any problems, larger cysts or those that grow or shift over time can put pressure on the brain or spinal cord, leading to a range of neurological symptoms such as headaches, seizures, hearing or vision changes, balance or coordination difficulties, and cognitive impairments.

Treatment for arachnoid cysts depends on their size, location, and associated symptoms. In some cases, observation and monitoring may be sufficient, while in others, surgical intervention may be necessary to drain the cyst or create a connection between it and the surrounding CSF space to relieve pressure.

X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging method that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of the body. These cross-sectional images can then be used to display detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body.

The term "computed tomography" is used instead of "CT scan" or "CAT scan" because the machines take a series of X-ray measurements from different angles around the body and then use a computer to process these data to create detailed images of internal structures within the body.

CT scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT imaging provides detailed information about many types of tissue including lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT examinations can be performed on every part of the body for a variety of reasons including diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses.

In computed tomography (CT), an X-ray source and detector rotate around the patient, measuring the X-ray attenuation at many different angles. A computer uses this data to construct a cross-sectional image by the process of reconstruction. This technique is called "tomography". The term "computed" refers to the use of a computer to reconstruct the images.

CT has become an important tool in medical imaging and diagnosis, allowing radiologists and other physicians to view detailed internal images of the body. It can help identify many different medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, lung nodules, liver tumors, and internal injuries from trauma. CT is also commonly used for guiding biopsies and other minimally invasive procedures.

In summary, X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body, allowing physicians to diagnose and treat medical conditions.

The Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex, also known as CD58 or LFA-3 (Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen 3), is not a single entity but rather a glycoprotein found on the surface of various cells in the human body, including leukocytes (white blood cells). It plays a crucial role in the immune system's response by interacting with the CD2 receptor on T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells. This interaction helps facilitate cell-to-cell adhesion and activation of T-cells, which are essential for an effective immune response against infections and cancer.

The Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex is often targeted by certain viruses to evade the host's immune system. For example, some strains of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) can downregulate the expression of this protein on infected cells, making it harder for the immune system to recognize and eliminate them.

It is important to note that while "Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex" refers to a specific cell surface protein, CD58 or LFA-3 are alternative names used in the scientific literature to refer to this same protein.

The arachnoid is one of the three membranes that cover the brain and the spinal cord, known as the meninges. It is located between the dura mater (the outermost layer) and the pia mater (the innermost layer). The arachnoid is a thin, delicate membrane that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid, which provides protection and nutrition to the central nervous system.

The arachnoid has a spider-web like appearance, hence its name, and it is composed of several layers of collagen fibers and elastic tissue. It is highly vascularized, meaning that it contains many blood vessels, and it plays an important role in regulating the flow of cerebrospinal fluid around the brain and spinal cord.

In some cases, the arachnoid can become inflamed or irritated, leading to a condition called arachnoiditis. This can cause a range of symptoms, including pain, muscle weakness, and sensory changes, and it may require medical treatment to manage.

Kaolin is not a medical term per se, but it is a mineral that has various applications in the medical field. Medically, kaolin is used as an ingredient in some over-the-counter (OTC) medications and clinical products, particularly in oral and topical formulations.

Medical definition: Kaolin is a natural hydrated aluminum silicate clay mineral (with the chemical formula Al2Si2O5(OH)4) used in medical applications as an antidiarrheal agent and as a component in various dermatological products for its absorbent, protective, and soothing properties.

Agenesis of the corpus callosum is a birth defect in which the corpus callosum, the part of the brain that connects the two hemispheres and allows them to communicate, fails to develop normally during fetal development. In cases of agenesis of the corpus callosum, the corpus callosum is partially or completely absent.

This condition can vary in severity and may be associated with other brain abnormalities. Some individuals with agenesis of the corpus callosum may have normal intelligence and few symptoms, while others may have intellectual disability, developmental delays, seizures, vision problems, and difficulties with movement and coordination. The exact cause of agenesis of the corpus callosum is not always known, but it can be caused by genetic factors or exposure to certain medications or environmental toxins during pregnancy.

The meninges are the protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. They consist of three layers: the dura mater (the outermost, toughest layer), the arachnoid mater (middle layer), and the pia mater (the innermost, delicate layer). These membranes provide protection and support to the central nervous system, and contain blood vessels that supply nutrients and remove waste products. Inflammation or infection of the meninges is called meningitis, which can be a serious medical condition requiring prompt treatment.

Neurocutaneous syndromes are a group of rare, genetic disorders that primarily affect the nervous system and skin. These conditions are present at birth or develop in early childhood. They are characterized by the growth of benign tumors along nerve pathways (neurocutaneous) and various abnormalities of the skin, eyes, brain, spine, and other organs.

Some common examples of neurocutaneous syndromes include:

1. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1): A condition characterized by multiple café-au-lait spots on the skin, freckling in the axillary and inguinal regions, and neurofibromas (benign tumors of the nerves).
2. Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2): A condition that primarily affects the auditory nerves and is characterized by bilateral acoustic neuromas (vestibular schwannomas), which can cause hearing loss, tinnitus, and balance problems.
3. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC): A condition characterized by benign tumors in various organs, including the brain, skin, heart, kidneys, and lungs. The skin manifestations include hypomelanotic macules, facial angiofibromas, and shagreen patches.
4. Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS): A condition characterized by a port-wine birthmark on the face, which involves the trigeminal nerve distribution, and abnormal blood vessels in the brain, leading to seizures, developmental delays, and visual impairment.
5. Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL): A condition characterized by the growth of benign tumors in various organs, including the brain, spinal cord, kidneys, pancreas, and adrenal glands. The tumors can become malignant over time.
6. Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T): A condition characterized by progressive ataxia (loss of coordination), oculocutaneous telangiectasias (dilated blood vessels in the skin and eyes), immune deficiency, and increased risk of cancer.

Early diagnosis and management of neurocutaneous disorders are essential to prevent complications and improve outcomes. Regular follow-up with a multidisciplinary team, including neurologists, dermatologists, ophthalmologists, geneticists, and other specialists, is necessary to monitor disease progression and provide appropriate interventions.

The brain is the central organ of the nervous system, responsible for receiving and processing sensory information, regulating vital functions, and controlling behavior, movement, and cognition. It is divided into several distinct regions, each with specific functions:

1. Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain, responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thinking, learning, memory, language, and perception. It is divided into two hemispheres, each controlling the opposite side of the body.
2. Cerebellum: Located at the back of the brain, it is responsible for coordinating muscle movements, maintaining balance, and fine-tuning motor skills.
3. Brainstem: Connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord, controlling vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. It also serves as a relay center for sensory information and motor commands between the brain and the rest of the body.
4. Diencephalon: A region that includes the thalamus (a major sensory relay station) and hypothalamus (regulates hormones, temperature, hunger, thirst, and sleep).
5. Limbic system: A group of structures involved in emotional processing, memory formation, and motivation, including the hippocampus, amygdala, and cingulate gyrus.

The brain is composed of billions of interconnected neurons that communicate through electrical and chemical signals. It is protected by the skull and surrounded by three layers of membranes called meninges, as well as cerebrospinal fluid that provides cushioning and nutrients.

Neurosurgical procedures are operations that are performed on the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. These procedures are typically carried out by neurosurgeons, who are medical doctors with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the nervous system. Neurosurgical procedures can be used to treat a wide range of conditions, including traumatic injuries, tumors, aneurysms, vascular malformations, infections, degenerative diseases, and congenital abnormalities.

Some common types of neurosurgical procedures include:

* Craniotomy: A procedure in which a bone flap is temporarily removed from the skull to gain access to the brain. This type of procedure may be performed to remove a tumor, repair a blood vessel, or relieve pressure on the brain.
* Spinal fusion: A procedure in which two or more vertebrae in the spine are fused together using bone grafts and metal hardware. This is often done to stabilize the spine and alleviate pain caused by degenerative conditions or spinal deformities.
* Microvascular decompression: A procedure in which a blood vessel that is causing pressure on a nerve is repositioned or removed. This type of procedure is often used to treat trigeminal neuralgia, a condition that causes severe facial pain.
* Deep brain stimulation: A procedure in which electrodes are implanted in specific areas of the brain and connected to a battery-operated device called a neurostimulator. The neurostimulator sends electrical impulses to the brain to help alleviate symptoms of movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease or dystonia.
* Stereotactic radiosurgery: A non-invasive procedure that uses focused beams of radiation to treat tumors, vascular malformations, and other abnormalities in the brain or spine. This type of procedure is often used for patients who are not good candidates for traditional surgery due to age, health status, or location of the lesion.

Neurosurgical procedures can be complex and require a high degree of skill and expertise. Patients considering neurosurgical treatment should consult with a qualified neurosurgeon to discuss their options and determine the best course of action for their individual situation.

A hemispherectomy is a radical surgical procedure that involves the removal or disconnection of one cerebral hemisphere, which is half of the brain. This extensive operation is typically considered as a last resort in the treatment of severe, drug-resistant epilepsy that originates from one side of the brain and has not responded to other forms of therapy. The procedure can help reduce the frequency and severity of seizures, but it carries significant risks, including potential impacts on cognitive function, language, and motor skills, depending on the specific area of the brain that is affected.

Brain diseases, also known as neurological disorders, refer to a wide range of conditions that affect the brain and nervous system. These diseases can be caused by various factors such as genetics, infections, injuries, degeneration, or structural abnormalities. They can affect different parts of the brain, leading to a variety of symptoms and complications.

Some examples of brain diseases include:

1. Alzheimer's disease - a progressive degenerative disorder that affects memory and cognitive function.
2. Parkinson's disease - a movement disorder characterized by tremors, stiffness, and difficulty with coordination and balance.
3. Multiple sclerosis - a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the nervous system and can cause a range of symptoms such as vision loss, muscle weakness, and cognitive impairment.
4. Epilepsy - a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
5. Brain tumors - abnormal growths in the brain that can be benign or malignant.
6. Stroke - a sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain, which can cause paralysis, speech difficulties, and other neurological symptoms.
7. Meningitis - an infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
8. Encephalitis - an inflammation of the brain that can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or autoimmune disorders.
9. Huntington's disease - a genetic disorder that affects muscle coordination, cognitive function, and mental health.
10. Migraine - a neurological condition characterized by severe headaches, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.

Brain diseases can range from mild to severe and may be treatable or incurable. They can affect people of all ages and backgrounds, and early diagnosis and treatment are essential for improving outcomes and quality of life.

"Medicine in Art" is not a medical term per se, but rather a term used to describe the intersection and representation of medical themes, practices, or symbols in various art forms. It can include but is not limited to:

1. The depiction of medical scenes, practitioners, or patients in paintings, sculptures, or photographs.
2. The use of medical imagery such as X-rays, MRIs, or anatomical drawings in mixed media works.
3. The exploration of medical issues, diseases, or treatments in conceptual art.
4. The creation of art by artists with medical conditions, which can provide insight into their experiences.
5. The use of art therapy as a healing modality in medical settings.

This term is often used in the context of art history, visual culture, and medical humanities to analyze and understand the complex relationships between art, medicine, and society.

A newborn infant is a baby who is within the first 28 days of life. This period is also referred to as the neonatal period. Newborns require specialized care and attention due to their immature bodily systems and increased vulnerability to various health issues. They are closely monitored for signs of well-being, growth, and development during this critical time.

Meningitis is a medical condition characterized by the inflammation of the meninges, which are the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. This inflammation can be caused by various infectious agents, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, or by non-infectious causes like autoimmune diseases, cancer, or certain medications.

The symptoms of meningitis may include fever, headache, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting, confusion, and sensitivity to light. In severe cases, it can lead to seizures, coma, or even death if not treated promptly and effectively. Bacterial meningitis is usually more severe and requires immediate medical attention, while viral meningitis is often less severe and may resolve on its own without specific treatment.

It's important to note that meningitis can be a serious and life-threatening condition, so if you suspect that you or someone else has symptoms of meningitis, you should seek medical attention immediately.

The choroid plexus is a network of blood vessels and tissue located within each ventricle (fluid-filled space) of the brain. It plays a crucial role in the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which provides protection and nourishment to the brain and spinal cord.

The choroid plexus consists of modified ependymal cells, called plexus epithelial cells, that line the ventricular walls. These cells have finger-like projections called villi, which increase their surface area for efficient CSF production. The blood vessels within the choroid plexus transport nutrients, ions, and water to these epithelial cells, where they are actively secreted into the ventricles to form CSF.

In addition to its role in CSF production, the choroid plexus also acts as a barrier between the blood and the central nervous system (CNS), regulating the exchange of substances between them. This barrier function is primarily attributed to tight junctions present between the epithelial cells, which limit the paracellular movement of molecules.

Abnormalities in the choroid plexus can lead to various neurological conditions, such as hydrocephalus (excessive accumulation of CSF) or certain types of brain tumors.

'Abnormalities, Multiple' is a broad term that refers to the presence of two or more structural or functional anomalies in an individual. These abnormalities can be present at birth (congenital) or can develop later in life (acquired). They can affect various organs and systems of the body and can vary greatly in severity and impact on a person's health and well-being.

Multiple abnormalities can occur due to genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both. Chromosomal abnormalities, gene mutations, exposure to teratogens (substances that cause birth defects), and maternal infections during pregnancy are some of the common causes of multiple congenital abnormalities.

Examples of multiple congenital abnormalities include Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and VATER/VACTERL association. Acquired multiple abnormalities can result from conditions such as trauma, infection, degenerative diseases, or cancer.

The medical evaluation and management of individuals with multiple abnormalities depend on the specific abnormalities present and their impact on the individual's health and functioning. A multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals is often involved in the care of these individuals to address their complex needs.

Endoscopy is a medical procedure that involves the use of an endoscope, which is a flexible tube with a light and camera at the end, to examine the interior of a body cavity or organ. The endoscope is inserted through a natural opening in the body, such as the mouth or anus, or through a small incision. The images captured by the camera are transmitted to a monitor, allowing the physician to visualize the internal structures and detect any abnormalities, such as inflammation, ulcers, or tumors. Endoscopy can also be used for diagnostic purposes, such as taking tissue samples for biopsy, or for therapeutic purposes, such as removing polyps or performing minimally invasive surgeries.

Description of hydrocephalus by Hippocrates dates back more than 2,000 years. The word hydrocephalus is from the Greek ὕδωρ, ... Congenital hydrocephalus is present in the infant prior to birth, meaning the fetus developed hydrocephalus in utero during ... Noncommunicating hydrocephalus, or obstructive hydrocephalus, is caused by an obstruction to the flow of CSF. Foramen of Monro ... Hydrocephalus at Curlie Guidelines for pediatric hydrocephalus (CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2023, CS1 errors: missing ...
Hydrocephalus minor from Jince (Czech Republic) Free cheek of H. carens, 33mm between the tips 3D model Rushton, A.W.A.; ... Hydrocephalus ("water head") is an extinct genus of redlichiid trilobite that was very common during the Middle Cambrian of ... Paleontology portal Data related to Hydrocephalus at Wikispecies v t e (Articles with short description, Short description ... Weidner, T. (2007). "The Middle Cambrian paradoxidid trilobite Hydrocephalus from Jämtland, central Sweden" (PDF). Acta ...
Normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), also called malresorptive hydrocephalus, is a form of communicating hydrocephalus in which ... The Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Center at Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus at Cleveland ... hydrocephalus at NINDS When it really is NPH at Likvor Hydrocephalus in Adults at Spina Bifida Resource Center Wikimedia ... Hydrocephalus is caused by an imbalance between the amount of fluid produced and its absorption rate. Enlarged ventricles put ...
... appears to be a more acute form of normal pressure hydrocephalus. If not diagnosed in a timely ... Low-pressure hydrocephalus (LPH) is a condition whereby ventricles are enlarged and the individual experiences severe dementia ... Owler, B.K.; Jacobson, E.E.; Johnston, I.H. (2001). "Low pressure hydrocephalus: Issues of diagnosis and treatment in five ... Lesniak, M.S.; Clatterbuck, R.E.; Rigamonti, D.; Williams, M.A. (2002). "Low pressure hydrocephalus and ventriculomegaly: ...
"Thoracic dysplasia-hydrocephalus syndrome (Concept Id: C1848864) - MedGen - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-08-04. ... Thoracic dysplasia-hydrocephalus syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by shortening of the ... "Thoracic dysplasia hydrocephalus syndrome - About the Disease - Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center". rarediseases. ... "Orphanet: Thoracic dysplasia hydrocephalus syndrome". www.orpha.net. Retrieved 2022-08-04. Winter, Campbell, Wigglesworth, ...
Dandy-Walker malformation and hydrocephalus, Dandy-Walker malformation with sagittal craniosynostosis and hydrocephalus, ... 123155 - HYDROCEPHALUS, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT; HDCPH1". www.omim.org. Retrieved 2023-09-14. "Dandy-Walker malformation with ... "Craniosynostosis-Dandy-Walker malformation-hydrocephalus syndrome (Concept ID: C1838347)". Medgen - NCBI. Retrieved September ... "GARD Rare Disease Information - Dandy-Walker malformation with sagittal craniosynostosis and hydrocephalus - National ...
... hydrocephalus; limb deformity, loss, or reduction; major depression; microcephaly; muscular dystrophy; obsessive-compulsive ...
"Hydrocephalus". Mayo Clinic. Archived from the original on 24 December 2014. Retrieved 7 December 2014. Raats, Monique (1998). ... Mother exposure to toxoplasmosis can cause cerebral calcification, hydrocephalus (causes mental disabilities), and intellectual ... hydrocephalus, facial dismorphities, intellectual disability, or leg deformities Drinking water is often a medium through which ... hydrocephalus, microcephalia) and cardiovascular defects, as well as intellectual disability. Tetracycline, an antibiotic, ...
Hydrocephalus became would become another major interest. Indeed, he'd work on it for the remainder of his career. At the ... There he did experimental work in hydrocephalus, his emphasis being on CSF molecular transport studies in dogs and cats. Foltz ... Foltz, Eldon L.; Aine, Cheryl (1 Mar 1981). "Diagnosis of hydrocephalus by CSF pulse-wave analysis: A clinical study". Surgical ... Shurtleff, David B.; Foltz, Eldon L.; Loeser, John D. (1 Apr 1973). "Hydrocephalus". American Journal of Diseases of Children. ...
Singhal, Vasudha; Prabhakar, Hemanshu (2016). "Hydrocephalus". Complications in Neuroanesthesia. Elsevier. pp. 21-27. doi: ...
Cinalli, G.; Maixner, W. J.; Sainte-Rose, C. (2012-12-06). Pediatric Hydrocephalus. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 19. ...
"September is Hydrocephalus Awareness Month! Here's What You Can Do…". Hydrocephalus Association. Retrieved 29 July 2016. " ... Vegetable Month Better Breakfast Month Food Safety Education Month National Childhood Obesity Awareness Month Hydrocephalus ...
"Hydrocephalus - Complications". nhs.uk. 2018-10-03. Retrieved 2022-11-14. Byun, Min Seok; Shin, Jun Jae; Hwang, Yong Soon; Park ... Some patients with this form of the disorder also have hydrocephalus, in which cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the skull, or ... and also that hydrocephalus and syringomyelia have related causes. Physicians now use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to ... scans of a patient's head may reveal the presence of tumors and other abnormalities such as hydrocephalus. Like MRI and CT ...
Salomon Hakim - a Giant in the Field of Hydrocephalus". hydrocephalus Association. Archived from the original on 2011-05-13. ... In 1957, he finally realized that these patients had what is now known as normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) after finding a ... The first valve to treat hydrocephalus was introduced in 1949 by Spitz, but this valve had several disadvantages which ... In 2010, Dr Hakim got an award from the Hydrocephalus Association in its annual conference in Cleveland, the Lifetime ...
Symptoms may include neurologic problems, hydrocephalus (cerebrospinal fluid accumulated in the brain), spastic quadriplegia ( ... Nagy, Mohamed Ragab; Saleh, Ahmed Elsayed (2021-06-01). "Hydrocephalus associated with occipital encephalocele: surgical ... Cinalli, Giuseppe (2005). Pediatric Hydrocephalus. Berlin: Springer. ISBN 9788847002258. Dadmehr, Majid; Farideh, Nejat (2009 ... Occipital encephaloceles are frequently accompanied by hydrocephalus, as seen in 60-90% of patients. Usually encephaloceles are ...
Salomon Hakim - a Giant in the Field of Hydrocephalus". Hydrocephalus Association. Retrieved 2022-02-09. "Integra LifeSciences ... The Codman Hakim valve was developed as a new way to treat hydrocephalus. In January 2021, the company acquired regenerative ...
Also printed in Symonds CP (January 1932). "Otitic hydrocephalus". Br Med J. 1 (3705): 53-4. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.3705.53. PMC ... For instance, the otitic hydrocephalus reported by London neurologist Sir Charles Symonds may have resulted from venous sinus ... Foley J (1955). "Benign forms of intracranial hypertension; toxic and otitic hydrocephalus". Brain. 78 (1): 1-41. doi:10.1093/ ... Symonds CP (1931). "Otitic hydrocephalus". Brain. 54: 55-71. doi:10.1093/brain/54.1.55. ...
"CURE Hydrocephalus Surgeon Fellowship Program And Strategy". CURE International. Retrieved 24 December 2014. Boling, Warren; ... The children's neurosurgical diseases treated at the hospital include: 1. Hydrocephalus 2. Neural tube defects 3. Spina bifida ... "The International Program to Advance the Treatment of Hydrocephalus (iPATH)". International Federation for Spina Bifida and ... CUREIC (2015). "CURE Children's Hospital of Uganda - CURE Hydrocephalus Surgeon Fellowship Program in Uganda". CURE ...
"Hydrocephalus Fact Sheet". NINDS. April 5, 2016. Archived from the original on 27 July 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2016. ... Headache (obstructive hydrocephalus) Hypersomnia Myxedema Postsurgical weight gain Polydipsia Polyuria (diabetes insipidus) ...
"Hydrocephalus in children". The Lancet. 387 (10020): 788-99. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60694-8. PMID 26256071. Hydrocephalus ... A two years old patient with hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis, without previous shunt would have an 80% chance of ... Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is a surgical procedure for treatment of hydrocephalus in which an opening is created in ... "New neurosurgery saves lives in Calgary by treating hydrocephalus, 'water in the brain'". Global News. Retrieved 25 May 2016. ...
Hydrocephalus is an abnormal accumulation of CSF in the ventricles of the brain. Hydrocephalus can occur because of obstruction ... In infants, hydrocephalus can cause an enlarged head, as the bones of the skull have not yet fused, seizures, irritability and ... Hydrocephalus is usually treated through the insertion of a shunt, such as a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, which diverts fluid ... Hydrocephalus without obstruction associated with normal CSF pressure may also occur. Symptoms can include problems with gait ...
Pickard has also studied which parts of the brain are affected in normal pressure hydrocephalus and novel treatments for ... "Hydrocephalus News Letter". 2010. Retrieved 11 January 2015. Grainger, Lisa (13 November 2010). "Britain's top doctors ... His research focuses on advancing the care of patients with acute brain injury, hydrocephalus and prolonged disorders of ... In 2014, he received the Lifetime Achievement Appreciation Award from the International Society for Hydrocephalus and CSF ...
Hydrocephalus und Gehirndruck. Medizinische Jahrbücher, Vienna, 1889. - Hydrocephalus and "brain pressure". Über angeborene ... he proposed new procedures for treatment of hydrocephalus. These included the "Balkenstich method" and the "suboccipital ...
Her current research funding is for clinical trials in breast cancer metastasis and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. ... "Spreading the Word about NPH." National Hydrocephalus Foundation. Retrieved on July 2, 2009. "Prevenir Les Lesions de la ... meningiomas and normal pressure hydrocephalus. She pioneered the use of minimally invasive endoscopic surgery for treatment of ...
This in effect could make aqueductal stenosis a byproduct of hydrocephalus. It is estimated that only 25% of males with X- ... This results in symptoms of hydrocephalus as the CSF is still collecting rather than being absorbed or diverted. Risk of ... "Hydrocephalus Fact Sheet". National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. National Institutes of Health. Archived ... Many of the signs and symptoms of aqueductal stenosis are similar to those of hydrocephalus. These typical symptoms include: ...
DWM is the cause of around 4.3% of cases of congenital hydrocephalus and 2.5% of all cases of hydrocephalus. At least 21% of ... DWM is the cause of around 4.3% of cases of congenital hydrocephalus and 2.5% of all cases of hydrocephalus. A 2017 review ... The most frequent and prominent symptoms of DWM are those associated with hydrocephalus in the postnatal period. Hydrocephalus ... The most common cause of death is complications from hydrocephalus or its treatment. Untreated hydrocephalus can lead to ...
Morris, J.; Owler, B.; Hely, M.; Fung, V. (2007). "Hydrocephalus and structural lesions". Parkinson's Disease and Related ...
"Hydrocephalus - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 2019-08-30. "Depression (major depressive disorder) - Symptoms and ... Significant intellectual, physical, and developmental disability are common complications of untreated hydrocephalus. Suicide ...
Edwards RJ, Dombrowski SM, Luciano MG, Pople IK (July 2004). "Chronic hydrocephalus in adults". Brain Pathology. 14 (3): 325- ... Non-urologic causes may include infection, medication or drugs, psychological factors, polyuria, hydrocephalus, stool impaction ...
Zuurbier SM, van den Berg R, Troost D, Majoie CB, Stam J, Coutinho JM (2015). "Hydrocephalus in cerebral venous thrombosis". ... However, those who have deep cerebral venous sinus thrombosis or oedema at basal ganglia are more prone to hydrocephalus ... The condition does not typically lead to hydrocephalus, however, because there is no difference in pressure between various ...
Description of hydrocephalus by Hippocrates dates back more than 2,000 years. The word hydrocephalus is from the Greek ὕδωρ, ... Congenital hydrocephalus is present in the infant prior to birth, meaning the fetus developed hydrocephalus in utero during ... Noncommunicating hydrocephalus, or obstructive hydrocephalus, is caused by an obstruction to the flow of CSF. Foramen of Monro ... Hydrocephalus at Curlie Guidelines for pediatric hydrocephalus (CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2023, CS1 errors: missing ...
Hydrocephalus is a buildup of fluid inside the skull that leads to the brain pushing against the skull. ... Hydrocephalus is a buildup of fluid inside the skull that leads to the brain pushing against the skull. ... Hydrocephalus that is not due to an infection has the best outlook. People with hydrocephalus caused by tumors will often do ... Hydrocephalus most often occurs in children. Another type, called normal pressure hydrocephalus, may occur in adults and older ...
Hydrocephalus can be defined broadly as a disturbance of formation, flow, or absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that leads ... Acute hydrocephalus occurs over days, subacute hydrocephalus occurs over weeks, and chronic hydrocephalus occurs over months or ... Clinical features of hydrocephalus are influenced by the patients age, the cause of the hydrocephalus, the location of the ... The incidence of congenital hydrocephalus is 3 per 1,000 live births; the incidence of acquired hydrocephalus is not known ...
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VINTAGE WALK! Lets WALK to End Hydrocephalus Comic Tee. Miss out on our 2016 WALK to End Hydrocephalus t-shirt? Grab this ... The mission of the Hydrocephalus Association is to find a cure for hydrocephalus and improve the lives of those impacted by the ... Copyright 2023 , Hydrocephalus Association , All Rights Reserved , Privacy Policy , Terms of Use , Website Technical Support: ... The Hydrocephalus Association is a registered 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. Tax ID: 94-3000301. ...
The mission of the Hydrocephalus Association is to find a cure for hydrocephalus and improve the lives of those impacted by the ... Copyright 2023 , Hydrocephalus Association , All Rights Reserved , Privacy Policy , Terms of Use , Website Technical Support: ... The Hydrocephalus Association is a registered 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. Tax ID: 94-3000301. ... Hydrocephalus Association. 4340 East West Highway, Suite 905. Bethesda, MD 20814-4447 ...
Hydrocephalus. Related terms: Hydrocephaly, primary hydrocephalus, "Water on the brain". Outline: Siamese cats are reported to ... The degree of hydrocephalus seen (for example on a MRI or CT brain scan) does not predict the extent of disability or the ... In humans, hydrocephalus can also cause nausea (feeling sick/wanting to vomit) and distress as a result of not being able to ... The diagnosis of hydrocephalus may be suspected in any young Siamese cat with signs of brain disease. Signs include a marked ...
The HCRN and AHCRN are focused on improving the lives of those living with hydrocephalus. ... The mission of the Hydrocephalus Association is to find a cure for hydrocephalus and improve the lives of those impacted by the ... Copyright © 2023 , Hydrocephalus Association , All Rights Reserved , Privacy Policy , Non-Discrimination Policy , Site Design ... A network of eight hospitals that conduct clinical research focused on adults with hydrocephalus.. Learn more at www.AHCRN.org. ...
Learn the causes, types, symptoms, and treatment of hydrocephalus. ... Hydrocephalus is a rare, complex illness that is caused by an imbalance of cerebrospinal fluid in the braind. ... Compensated hydrocephalus *It is also known as arrested hydrocephalus. It is a type of hydrocephalus that is present at birth ... Acquired hydrocephalus *This form of hydrocephalus is acquired after birth or later in life due to a neurological disease or ...
... most patients suffering from hydrocephalus have been treated by insertion of differential-pressure valves that have fairly ... A new approach in the treatment of hydrocephalus J Neurosurg. 1987 Feb;66(2):213-26. doi: 10.3171/jns.1987.66.2.0213. ... The authors suggest a new approach to treating hydrocephalus, the aim of which is to provide CSF drainage at or below the CSF ... To date, most patients suffering from hydrocephalus have been treated by insertion of differential-pressure valves that have ...
CSF disorders including hydrocephalus, CSF leak and pseudotumor cerebri: diagnosis, treatment, patient education and more from ... Hydrocephalus Studies. Browse hydrocephalus studies in the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research ... Pediatric Hydrocephalus Care Pediatric neurosurgeon Dody Robinson and neuroscientist Lauren Jantzie have been collaborating on ... The Johns Hopkins Hydrocephalus and Cerebral Fluid Center continues a 100-year legacy of research and treatment for patients ...
Learn about treatments for the condition, including hydrocephalus surgery. ... Hydrocephalus in babies results from spinal fluid built up in the brain. ... Congenital Hydrocephalus. Genetics can cause congenital hydrocephalus (hydrocephalus that is present at birth). ... Hydrocephalus Symptoms and Effects. Symptoms in Infants. In infants, the most obvious sign of hydrocephalus is an enlarged head ...
What is Hydrocephalus?, Hydrocephalus is a condition in which fluid accumulates in the brain, typically in young children, ... What are the different types of hydrocephalus?. There are two main types of hydrocephalus. Non-communicating hydrocephalus is ... How common is hydrocephalus?. Hydrocephalus occurs in two out of every 1,000 births in the United States. It is not known how ... What causes hydrocephalus?. Hydrocephalus can be present at birth or be acquired later in life as a result of a tumor, head ...
Hydrocephalus is a condition that causes the fluid inside of the head to build up, causing pressure inside of the head to ... Hydrocephalus is a condition that causes the fluid inside of the head to build up, causing pressure inside of the head to ... The Hydrocephalus Clinic at St. Louis Childrens Hospital provides diagnosis and management for these patients from childhood, ... Treatment often involves insertion and monitoring of hydrocephalus shunts that help divert fluid from the head to another part ...
Read everything about hydrocephalus in children: treatment, causes, symptoms and more. ... The two types of hydrocephalus that primarily occur in children are: Congenital hydrocephalus: At birth. Hydrocephalus occurs ... Hydrocephalus Treatment and Surgery at CHOC. The goal of hydrocephalus treatment is to reduce the pressure in the babys head ... What is hydrocephalus?. Hydrocephalus is a condition in which excessive fluid accumulates in and around the brain. It occurs ...
Jang, H., Park, S.B., Kim, Y. et al. Prognostic value of amyloid PET scan in normal pressure hydrocephalus. J Neurol 265, 63-73 ... Prognostic value of amyloid PET scan in normal pressure hydrocephalus. *Hyemin Jang1,6, ... Silverberg GD, Mayo M, Saul T, Rubenstein E, McGuire D (2003) Alzheimers disease, normal-pressure hydrocephalus, and senescent ... Del Bigio MR, Cardoso ER, Halliday WC (1997) Neuropathological changes in chronic adult hydrocephalus: cortical biopsies and ...
Chapter 1. Hydrocephalus: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Treatment. (Ahmad Pourrashidi and Judith A. Aarabi - Department of ... Chapter 2. Rethinking Hydrocephalus via Interventional Pathophysiology. (Adwoa A. Agyei, Justin D. Miles and Gurjit Nagra - ... Home / Shop / Imprints / Nova Medicine and Health / Hydrocephalus: From Diagnosis to Treatment. ... Chapter Two details treatment options for hydrocephalus, including the traditional use of surgery for placement of a shunt as ...
After a boy with Hydrocephalus died in San Antonio, Texas, the family traveled to Chicago to give a special gift to a child ...
After a brain hemorrhage caused hydrocephalus, newborn Carston was facing a dire prognosis. Thanks to his care team at ... Beating Hydrocephalus, Carston Is Here to Inspire After a hard-fought stint in the NICU, he contracted meningitis as a newborn- ... "Children with hydrocephalus make the same amount of fluid, but they dont recycle it appropriately. Most of these children ... "They told us hed had a brain hemorrhage after birth and that was causing hydrocephalus. He was having continuous seizures, ...
Tag: hydrocephalus. * February 9, 2023. Disrupted flow of brain fluid may underlie neurodevelopmental disorders. New imaging ...
Learn about normal pressure hydrocephalus and treatment options. ... Normal pressure hydrocephalus is a brain disorder caused by ...
Isolated Dandy-Walker malformation without hydrocephalus. ORPHA:269215. Classification level: Subtype of disorder *Synonym(s): ...
Cauda equina neurinoma associated with normal pressure hydrocephalus--case report. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone, iPad, ... Cauda EquinaHumansHydrocephalusHydrocephalus, Normal PressureMaleMiddle AgedNeurilemmomaPeripheral Nervous System Neoplasms ... Normal pressure hydrocephalus associated with cauda equina neurinoma.. *[Neurinoma of the cauda equina associated with normal ... Cauda equina neurinoma associated with normal pressure hydrocephalus--case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 1990;30(4):258-62. ...
... used to manage hydrocephalus and cerebrospinal fluid disorders, received FDA clearance. The devices are ... StrataMR, an MRI-compatible Shunt System for Hydrocephalus Cleared by FDA. May 2nd, 2016 Medgadget Editors Neurology, ... Medtronics new StrataMR valves and shunts, used to manage hydrocephalus and cerebrospinal fluid disorders, received FDA ...
"From what I hear, if the diagnosis is correct and its hydrocephalus, it will be 50 percent better right out [of surgery]," he ... According to Mayo Clinic, hydrocephalus, which occurs most frequently among infants and adults 60 and over, is the buildup of ... Danny Bonaduce has undergone a successful brain surgery amid his hydrocephalus diagnosis -- a neurological disorder caused by ... Indeed, Mayo Clinic notes that traumatic brain injury could be one possible cause of hydrocephalus. ...
... Hydrocephalus , sometimes known as Water on the Brain , is a condition in which ... Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a type of hydrocephalus, which usually develops in people over 60, because the drainage ... Causes of Hydrocephalus. Common causes and risk factors of Hydrocephalus include the following : ... Treatment of Hydrocephalus. *Surgery to put in a shunt to remove the spinal fluid. This is done when the condition is getting ...
Clinical Course of Fetal Hydrocephalus: 40 Cases. Dolores H. Pretorius, Kathleen Davis, Michael L. Manco-Johnson, David ... Clinical Course of Fetal Hydrocephalus: 40 Cases. Dolores H. Pretorius, Kathleen Davis, Michael L. Manco-Johnson, David ... Clinical Course of Fetal Hydrocephalus: 40 Cases Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a message from American Journal of ... Clinical Course of Fetal Hydrocephalus: 40 Cases. Dolores H. Pretorius, Kathleen Davis, Michael L. Manco-Johnson, David ...
... such as normal pressure hydrocephalus, obstructive hydrocephalus, and congenital hydrocephalus, and their treatment. ... What are the different types of adult hydrocephalus?. Obstructive Hydrocephalus. Obstructive hydrocephalus occurs when the ... Congenital Hydrocephalus. Congenital hydrocephalus develops around the time of birth, but it can persist into adulthood. In ... Communicating Hydrocephalus. Communicating hydrocephalus can develop after head trauma, brain hemorrhage, radiation or ...
Abstract : Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is increasingly being used in the treatment of hydrocephalus in infancy. ... Fungal granuloma following endoscopic third ventriculostomy for infantile hydrocephalus. Publication Type : Journal Article ... "Fungal granuloma following endoscopic third ventriculostomy for infantile hydrocephalus", Sultan Qaboos University Medical ...
  • Siamese cats are reported to be at risk of an inherited congenital hydrocephalus in which cerebrospinal fluid (fluid normally present in the brain and spinal cord) builds up causing pressure on the brain. (ufaw.org.uk)
  • Children may be born with congenital hydrocephalus or may develop it later in life. (medicinenet.com)
  • Routine ultrasonography is now used to diagnose congenital hydrocephalus before delivery. (medicinenet.com)
  • Congenital hydrocephalus develops before birth. (gillettechildrens.org)
  • Genetics can cause congenital hydrocephalus (hydrocephalus that is present at birth). (gillettechildrens.org)
  • Specialists can often diagnose congenital hydrocephalus using ultrasound. (gillettechildrens.org)
  • Congenital hydrocephalus can occur in isolation or may be associated with other conditions such as spina bifida or Dandy Walker syndrome. (uclahealth.org)
  • Why does congenital hydrocephalus run in families? (uclahealth.org)
  • It is thought that congenital hydrocephalus can be caused by genetic defects that can be passed from one or both parents to a child, but the direct links to hereditary disorders are still being investigated. (uclahealth.org)
  • Types of hydrocephalus include congenital, acquired, normal-pressure and ex-vacuo. (choc.org)
  • Some congenital hydrocephalus is not diagnosed until after birth using diagnostic procedures. (choc.org)
  • Hydrocephalus can be congenital (present at birth), or develop later in childhood or adulthood. (health-care-articles.info)
  • Congenital hydrocephalus develops around the time of birth, but it can persist into adulthood. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • In some cases, however, congenital hydrocephalus may not be diagnosed until adulthood. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • The Adult Hydrocephalus Program at Brigham and Women's Hospital is equipped to diagnose and treat all forms of congenital hydrocephalus. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • This study describes two cases of spontaneously arrested congenital hydrocephalus whose educational progress appears normal. (open.ac.uk)
  • It is concluded that congenital hydrocephalus produce and organic disorder which manifests itself in later life as an impairment of verbal memory. (open.ac.uk)
  • In the United States, hydrocephalus is typically part of a congenital disorder like spina bifida . (vectorblog.org)
  • When the medical condition is present at birth, it is termed as congenital or developmental hydrocephalus. (narayanahealth.org)
  • As opposed to congenital hydrocephalus that occurs during foetal development, this condition occurs later. (narayanahealth.org)
  • Hydrocephalus can be either congenital or acquired from events during or after birth. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The number of genes associated with congenital hydrocephalus continues to increase with new developments in clinical genetics. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Dandy-Walker malformation accounts for 5 to 10% of cases of congenital hydrocephalus. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Recent work in the genomics of congenital hydrocephalus (CH) and an improved understanding of the tropism of certain viruses such as Zika and cytomegalovirus are beginning to shed light into the paradox "microcephalic hydrocephalus " by defining prenatal neural stem cells (NSC) as the spatiotemporal "scene of the crime . (bvsalud.org)
  • Noncommunicating obstructive hydrocephalus caused by obstruction of the foramina of Luschka and Magendie. (medscape.com)
  • Noncommunicating hydrocephalus (also known as obstructive hydrocephalus) arises when the flow of CSF is blocked along one or more channels connecting the ventricles. (medicinenet.com)
  • Obstructive hydrocephalus occurs when the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain is physically blocked. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • Although it is usually diagnosed in childhood, obstructive hydrocephalus can occur in adults. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • The Adult Hydrocephalus Program specializes in treating obstructive hydrocephalus, including endoscopic third ventriculostomy, ventricular shunts or surgical removal of the obstruction when appropriate. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • Obstructive hydrocephalus is a term usually used to denote obstructive non-communicating hydrocephalus . (radiopaedia.org)
  • The remainder of this article pertains to the commonly used meaning of obstructive hydrocephalus, namely obstructive non-communicating hydrocephalus. (radiopaedia.org)
  • In acute obstructive hydrocephalus, as is the case with a colloid cyst obstructing the foramina of Monro, a sudden increase in intraventricular pressure can lead to rapid loss of consciousness and even death. (radiopaedia.org)
  • An important caveat to be aware of is that in acute obstructive hydrocephalus in young patients only minor ventriculomegaly may be visible despite the significant elevation of intracranial pressure. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Non-communicating obstructive hydrocephalus (often merely referred to as obstructive hydrocephalus) is usually a relatively straightforward diagnosis to make on imaging. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Parekh, ND & Prabhu, SP 2010, ' Aqueductal web causing obstructive hydrocephalus demonstrated on sagittal FIESTA sequence ', Pediatric radiology , vol. 40, no. (northwestern.edu)
  • What are the types of hydrocephalus? (medicinenet.com)
  • Our neuroradiologists at The Adult Hydrocephalus Program are knowledgeable in diagnosing all types of hydrocephalus, including normal pressure hydrocephalus and other causes of dementia that can present with similar symptoms. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • Hydrocephalus is a condition in which an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) occurs within the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hydrocephalus can be defined broadly as a disturbance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) formation, flow, or absorption, leading to an increase in volume occupied by this fluid in the central nervous system (CNS). (medscape.com)
  • Hydrocephalus constitutes a complex neurological condition of heterogeneous origin characterized by excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation within the brain ventricles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hydrocephalus is characterised by the presence of an abnormally large volume of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) present within the brain or between the brain and skull. (ufaw.org.uk)
  • Hydrocephalus is caused by the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain and builds up pressure in the skull, resulting in swelling of the brain. (medicinenet.com)
  • Communicating hydrocephalus occurs when the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is blocked after it leaves the ventricles. (medicinenet.com)
  • The experts at the Johns Hopkins Hydrocephalus and Cerebral Fluid Center evaluate and treat patients with all forms of disorders affecting cerebral fluid (also called cerebrospinal fluid, CSF or spinal fluid), including conditions related to the accumulation of CSF in the brain (hydrocephalus). (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Hydrocephalus (sometimes called "water on the brain") occurs when too much cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) builds up in the spaces in the brain called ventricles. (gillettechildrens.org)
  • This monograph is comprised of seven chapters, each of which discusses hydrocephalus, a chronic neurological condition caused by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within cavities of the brain. (novapublishers.com)
  • Non-communicating hydrocephalus is where the blockage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is at the level of the fluid spaces of the brain. (uclahealth.org)
  • Normal pressure hydrocephalus is a brain disorder caused by blockage of the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. (baycare.org)
  • Medtronic 's new StrataMR valves and shunts, used to manage hydrocephalus and cerebrospinal fluid disorders, received FDA clearance. (medgadget.com)
  • Normal pressure hydrocephalus is thought to be caused by an accumulation of excess cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • Most (but not all) patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus have evidence of excess cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • You have been diagnosed with Hydrocephalus which is a disease which results from the accumulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) into the brain ventricles. (sophysa.com)
  • Respondents were asked 13 multiple-choice and free-response questions regarding 4 fundamental problems encountered in shunted-hydrocephalus management: shunt malfunction, chronic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) overdrainage, chronic headaches, and slit ventricle syndrome (SVS). (thejns.org)
  • According to the Mayo Clinic , hydrocephalus occurs when there is a build-up of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain. (beasleyfirm.com)
  • While we usually think of hydrocephalus as a young baby's problem, hydrocephalus can also be acquired in adulthood when inflammatory brain disease causes swelling and obstructs the flow channels of the cerebrospinal fluid. (vin.com)
  • Normal pressure hydrocephalus is excess cerebrospinal fluid buildup in the brain ventricles. (ketteringhealth.org)
  • Hydrocephalus refers to the symptomatic accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inside the brain's ventricles, known as cerebral ventricles. (narayanahealth.org)
  • Adams RD, Victor M. Disturbances of cerebrospinal fluid and its circulation, including hydrocephalus and meningeal reactions. (medscape.com)
  • Nasel C, Gentzsch S, Heimberger K. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of cerebrospinal fluid in patients with and without communicating hydrocephalus. (medscape.com)
  • Hydrocephalus is accumulation of excessive amounts of cerebrospinal fluid, causing cerebral ventricular enlargement and/or increased intracranial pressure. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Characterized by enlarged brain ventricles, hydrocephalus is a common neurological disorder classically attributed to a primary defect in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) homeostasis . (bvsalud.org)
  • Children with hydrocephalus are often known in having the difficulty in understanding the concepts within conversation and tend to use words they know or have heard. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, several physicians in the Program are pediatric neurosurgeons who routinely treat children with hydrocephalus at our affiliated institution, Boston Children's Hospital. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • Since children with hydrocephalus often considered to be cursed, CURE's work has already spared some from suffering ineffective treatments by witch doctors, dying from neglect or being drowned in the river by their families. (vectorblog.org)
  • We hypothesized that children with hydrocephalus would demonstrate altered functional connectivity compared to typically developing controls. (uwo.ca)
  • Children with hydrocephalus performed significantly lower in tasks involving visual perception, fine motor manipulation, and visuomotor coordination. (uwo.ca)
  • Results revealed that children with hydrocephalus exhibited fewer connections between certain brain regions responsible for coordinating visual processing and movement. (uwo.ca)
  • Additionally, changes in the size and structure of the corpus callosum were found in children with hydrocephalus, affecting information flow between brain halves. (uwo.ca)
  • These findings explain why children with hydrocephalus may face challenges in tasks related to their visuomotor abilities. (uwo.ca)
  • Meaning construction and integration in children with hydrocephalus. (bvsalud.org)
  • Hydrocephalus most often occurs in children. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Hydrocephalus occurs when CSF doesn't drain into the spinal column. (gillettechildrens.org)
  • Hydrocephalus occurs in two out of every 1,000 births in the United States. (uclahealth.org)
  • Hydrocephalus occurs in approximately one out of 500 births. (choc.org)
  • Acquired hydrocephalus occurs after the baby is born, usually as a result of injury or illness that affects the brain, such as other neurological conditions. (choc.org)
  • Hydrocephalus occurs when there is an imbalance between the amount of CSF that is produced and the rate at which it is absorbed. (health-care-articles.info)
  • According to Mayo Clinic , hydrocephalus, which occurs most frequently among infants and adults 60 and over, is the buildup of fluid in the cavities deep within the brain, which can damage brain tissues and cause a range of brain function problems. (etonline.com)
  • Although normal pressure hydrocephalus can be diagnosed with a large volume spinal tap, some patients require a more prolonged period of spinal drainage before improvement occurs. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • Hydrocephalus is typically treated by the surgical placement of a shunt system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chapter Two details treatment options for hydrocephalus, including the traditional use of surgery for placement of a shunt as well as more experimental methods. (novapublishers.com)
  • The most common treatment for hydrocephalus is the surgical placement of a shunt in the area of the brain with excess fluid. (uclahealth.org)
  • A more modern treatment of hydrocephalus uses a small camera to make an internal connection in the brain to allow the fluid to be absorbed without the need to place a shunt. (uclahealth.org)
  • Kazui H, Kanemoto H, Yoshiyama K, Kishima H, Suzuki Y, Sato S, Suehiro T, Azuma S, Yoshimine T, Tanaka T (2016) Association between high biomarker probability of Alzheimer's disease and improvement of clinical outcomes after shunt surgery in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. (springer.com)
  • The primary treatment for normal pressure hydrocephalus is placement of a ventricular shunt. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • Introduction Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) has conventionally been treated by placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Before explaining to you what a shunt is, let's look closer at what Hydrocephalus really means. (sophysa.com)
  • The authors conducted a survey to evaluate differences in the understanding and management of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus among members of the American Society of Pediatric Neurosurgeons (ASPN). (thejns.org)
  • The survey shows that there is wide variability in the understanding and management of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus and its complications. (thejns.org)
  • If a baby is diagnosed with hydrocephalus, there are essentially two medical procedures that can be undertaken to treat it: a shunt procedure or a ventriculostomy. (r-klaw.com)
  • While shunt procedures have long been recognized as an effective treatment for hydrocephalus, they are not without complications. (r-klaw.com)
  • It is a type of hydrocephalus that is present at birth and may be treated in early infancy. (medicinenet.com)
  • Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a type of hydrocephalus, which usually develops in people over 60, because the drainage of the CSF gradually becomes blocked. (health-care-articles.info)
  • And while probing the environmental causes, Warf also developed a one-time operation to treat hydrocephalus that's changing practice not just in Africa, but in the U.S. (vectorblog.org)
  • In today's post, we'll continue our discussion by examining some of the diagnostic tools available to physicians, as well as the procedures they can use to help treat hydrocephalus. (r-klaw.com)
  • Del Bigio MR, Cardoso ER, Halliday WC (1997) Neuropathological changes in chronic adult hydrocephalus: cortical biopsies and autopsy findings. (springer.com)
  • Idiopathic hydrocephalus represents one third of cases of adult hydrocephalus. (health-care-articles.info)
  • Brain MRI or CT scans are obtained on all patients as part of the evaluation for adult hydrocephalus. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • Another type, called normal pressure hydrocephalus , may occur in adults and older people. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A network of eight hospitals that conduct clinical research focused on adults with hydrocephalus. (hydroassoc.org)
  • Less frequently, health care providers diagnose hydrocephalus in older children, teens and adults. (gillettechildrens.org)
  • How does hydrocephalus affect children differently than adults? (uclahealth.org)
  • However it is important to realise that hydrocephalus can also arise in older children and in adults, when the skull bones are fixed and the head cannot increase in size. (health-care-articles.info)
  • While hydrocephalus can occur in adults, it is most common in infants who suffered trauma during the labor and delivery process. (beasleyfirm.com)
  • Kammersgaard LP, Linnemann M, Tibaek M. Hydrocephalus following severe traumatic brain injury in adults. (medscape.com)
  • Chapter Three describes an alternate procedure for treating hydrocephalus, called endoscopic third ventriculostomy, which entails creating an opening on the floor of the third ventricle instead of implanting foreign material. (novapublishers.com)
  • In select cases, hydrocephalus can be treated using a procedure called endoscopic third ventriculostomy. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is increasingly being used in the treatment of hydrocephalus in infancy. (amrita.edu)
  • Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy and Cortical Biopsy in Patients With Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Adil, Derya, "Assessing the Impact of Infantile Hydrocephalus on Visuomotor Integration through Behavioural and Neuroimaging Studies" (2023). (uwo.ca)
  • Importantly, the symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus can be relieved by a simple surgical procedure. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • What are the symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus? (ketteringhealth.org)
  • In infants with hydrocephalus, CSF builds up in the central nervous system (CNS), causing the fontanelle (soft spot) to bulge and the head to be larger than expected. (wikipedia.org)
  • In infants, hydrocephalus causes the fontanelle (soft spot) to bulge and the head to be larger than expected. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Pediatric neurosurgeon Dody Robinson and neuroscientist Lauren Jantzie have been collaborating on research to better understand the disease processes that cause brain damage in infants and to identify targeted therapies that might prevent and reverse the hydrocephalus. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Roughly two of every 1,000 infants are born with hydrocephalus. (gillettechildrens.org)
  • In infants, the most obvious sign of hydrocephalus is an enlarged head. (gillettechildrens.org)
  • In small children and infants, hydrocephalus can affect the head by increasing its size to accommodate the excess fluid buildup. (uclahealth.org)
  • While hydrocephalus can occur at any time, even into adulthood, in infants it is often caused by birth trauma. (beasleyfirm.com)
  • Clinical features of hydrocephalus are influenced by the patient's age, the cause of the hydrocephalus, the location of the obstruction, its duration, and its rapidity of onset. (medscape.com)
  • When there is an obstruction in the flow, a problem with reabsorption, or an overproduction of CSF, fluid accumulates and hydrocephalus develops. (medicinenet.com)
  • Hydrocephalus is typically caused by CSF obstruction or a lack of reabsorption. (medicinenet.com)
  • Acquired hydrocephalus is caused by head injury or an obstruction in the brain, such as a tumor. (uclahealth.org)
  • This obstruction of the CSF can cause hydrocephalus. (uclahealth.org)
  • this is not true as the majority of cases of communicating hydrocephalus have obstruction to CSF flow through the subarachnoid space or impaired absorption at the arachnoid granulations. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Amyloid positron emission tomography ([18F] florbetaben (FBB) PET) can be used to determine concomitant Alzheimer's disease (AD) in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) patients. (springer.com)
  • Lim TS, Choi JY, Park SA, Youn YC, Lee HY, Kim BG, Joo IS, Huh K, Moon SY (2014) Evaluation of coexistence of Alzheimer's disease in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus using ELISA analyses for CSF biomarkers. (springer.com)
  • In such incidences, the condition is referred to as idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. (narayanahealth.org)
  • A diagnosis of idiopathic normal- pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) was made. (bvsalud.org)
  • Their research programs range from understanding the natural history of the condition to optimizing surgical procedures and protocols and finding ways to identify people who are at risk for developing hydrocephalus. (hydroassoc.org)
  • From the new LATAM network for spina bifida and hydrocephalus: Genetic factors and social inclusion are fundamental worldwide! (ifglobal.org)
  • 6-7 June 2014 // During the last two days Buenos Aires was filled with discussions on key topics for the Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus (SBH) global community. (ifglobal.org)
  • APEBI, the Argentinian Association for Spina Bifida, has recently initiated the creation of the LATAM Network on Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus. (ifglobal.org)
  • We will send you quarterly updates about all matters relevant to Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus care and prevention! (ifglobal.org)
  • Support comes in many forms these days with help with medical supplies, equipment, bursaries for post-secondary, and the ability to access education materials on many of the facets of Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus. (sbhabc.org)
  • Acquired hydrocephalus develops after birth. (gillettechildrens.org)
  • Hydrocephalus that develops only after the fontanelles have closed does not increase head circumference or cause the fontanelles to bulge but can markedly and rapidly increase intracranial pressure. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Communicating hydrocephalus where the blockage of CSF is at the surface of the brain. (uclahealth.org)
  • In early 1913, hydrocephalus was classified as communicating and non-communicating hydrocephalus. (narayanahealth.org)
  • Normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH): This is a type of communicating hydrocephalus, resulting from tumour, head trauma, infection, subarachnoid haemorrhage, or complications in surgery. (narayanahealth.org)
  • Several bleeding may result in acquired, communicating or non-communicating hydrocephalus, defined by the location and extent of the bleeding. (narayanahealth.org)
  • There are 10 reported cases of spinal tumors resulting in normal pressure hydrocephalus. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • All these and present cases involved protein in the spinal fluid, which might have been the cause of the hydrocephalus. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The clinical presentation of hydrocephalus varies with chronicity. (wikipedia.org)
  • The clinical networks are discovering how hydrocephalus affects people throughout their lives. (hydroassoc.org)
  • A network of fourteen children's hospitals that conduct clinical research on hydrocephalus. (hydroassoc.org)
  • Savolainen S, Paljarvi L, Vapalahti M (1999) Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in patients investigated for presumed normal pressure hydrocephalus: a clinical and neuropathological study. (springer.com)
  • The clinical course and outcome of hydrocephalus diagnosed in utero is not well understood. (ajnr.org)
  • Between 1993-1995, 51 patients under 75 years of age with clinical symptoms and CT-based diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus were investigated prospectively in order to clarify the value of neuropsychological tests, clinical symptoms and signs and infusion test in the differential diagnosis and prediction of outcome in normal pressure hydrocephalus. (nih.gov)
  • The clinical manifestations of hydrocephalus occur as a result of ventricular dilatation and of the increased pressure within the cranium. (sophysa.com)
  • Posttraumatic hydrocephalus: a clinical, neuroradiologic, and neuropsychologic assessment of long-term outcome. (medscape.com)
  • Internal hydrocephalus: an experimental, clinical, and pathological study. (medscape.com)
  • Kim SW, Lee SM, Shin H. Clinical Analysis of Post-Traumatic Hydrocephalus. (medscape.com)
  • The article by Ringstad et al, 1 in this issue of the American Journal of Neuroradiology suggests that invasive intracranial pressure monitoring is a better way to select patients for shunting for normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) than phase-contrast MR imaging. (ajnr.org)
  • The management of hydrocephalus centers on the reduction of intracranial pressure and on the correction of factors that lead to increased ICP. (medscape.com)
  • Hydrocephalus that is present from birth can cause long-term complications with speech and language. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hydrocephalus is potentially fatal, but with proper treatment, the severity can be reduced and severe complications may be avoided. (medicinenet.com)
  • What are possible complications of hydrocephalus? (uclahealth.org)
  • What are possible complications of normal pressure hydrocephalus? (ketteringhealth.org)
  • Not all forms of hydrocephalus get worse. (health-care-articles.info)
  • There are several types and forms of Hydrocephalus, as well as different therapies and treatments which can include everything from drugs to surgery. (sophysa.com)
  • The mission of the Hydrocephalus Association is to find a cure for hydrocephalus and improve the lives of those impacted by the condition. (convio.net)
  • Is there a cure for hydrocephalus? (uclahealth.org)
  • Visiting nurses, social services, support groups, and local agencies can provide emotional support and help with the care of a child with hydrocephalus who has serious brain damage. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A thorough diagnosis of the symptoms is required to decide on the presence of hydrocephalus and the necessary hydrocephalus treatment. (narayanahealth.org)
  • Symptoms usually differ by anatomic location of the tumor, presence of disseminated disease, and by the presence of hydrocephalus. (medscape.com)
  • Without treatment, up to 6 in 10 people with hydrocephalus will die. (medlineplus.gov)
  • For people with hydrocephalus, this doesn't happen, and the fluid instead builds up in the ventricles. (health-care-articles.info)
  • Microcephaly ("small head ") and hydrocephalus are typically viewed as two mutually exclusive phenomenon, since hydrocephalus is thought of as a fluid " plumbing " disorder leading to CSF accumulation, ventricular dilatation , and resultant macrocephaly . (bvsalud.org)
  • The evidence is very uncertain about the effects of phenobarbital on ventricular dilation or hydrocephalus and on neurodevelopmental impairment. (lu.se)
  • Normal pressure hydrocephalus is estimated to affect about 5 per 100,000 people, with rates increasing with age. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hakim's triad of gait instability, urinary incontinence, and dementia is a relatively typical manifestation of the distinct entity normal-pressure hydrocephalus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hydrocephalus has no cure, but there are treatments that allow those affected to lead fairly normal lives with the condition. (uclahealth.org)
  • Hydrocephalus is a condition that causes the fluid inside of the head to build up, causing pressure inside of the head to increase and the skull bones to expand to a larger than normal size. (stlouischildrens.org)
  • If you or someone you know has developed difficulty walking, incontinence or short term memory loss, the problem may be a disorder called normal pressure hydrocephalus. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • Normal pressure hydrocephalus can also develop in patients with a history of brain tumor, cerebral hemorrhage, brain infection or head trauma. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • Our multidisciplinary team is specially trained to diagnose and treat normal pressure hydrocephalus. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • Watch this video showing walking difficulty with Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • How is normal pressure hydrocephalus diagnosed? (brighamandwomens.org)
  • A careful examination is performed by neurologists or neurosurgeons that are skilled in the diagnosis and treatment of normal pressure hydrocephalus and other disorders that can cause similar symptoms (such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease). (brighamandwomens.org)
  • Some patients can have normal pressure hydrocephalus as well as one of these other disorders at the same time. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • What are treatment options for normal pressure hydrocephalus? (brighamandwomens.org)
  • This can lead to a normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). (ketteringhealth.org)
  • Who is at risk for normal pressure hydrocephalus? (ketteringhealth.org)
  • How is normal pressure hydrocephalus treated? (ketteringhealth.org)
  • Factora R, Luciano M. Normal pressure hydrocephalus: diagnosis and new approaches to treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Graff-Radford NR. Normal pressure hydrocephalus. (medscape.com)
  • It is still unclear what causes CSF buildup in the brain, resulting in severe disabilities in patients with hydrocephalus. (medicinenet.com)
  • To date, most patients suffering from hydrocephalus have been treated by insertion of differential-pressure valves that have fairly constant resistance. (nih.gov)
  • The Johns Hopkins Hydrocephalus and Cerebral Fluid Center continues a 100-year legacy of research and treatment for patients diagnosed with hydrocephalus and CSF disorders. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • We hope to eliminate misdiagnosis that commonly happens in patients with hydrocephalus, and to provide the best medical and surgical treatment so you can regain health and continue to lead a productive, meaningful life. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Lastly, Chapter Seven details the rehabilitation process for patients who have undergone surgery for hydrocephalus. (novapublishers.com)
  • The Hydrocephalus Clinic at St. Louis Children's Hospital provides diagnosis and management for these patients from childhood, through adolescence and into adulthood. (stlouischildrens.org)
  • Home » Patients » What is Hydrocephalus? (sophysa.com)
  • Incidence, CT findings and rehabilitation outcome of patients with communicative hydrocephalus following severe head injury. (medscape.com)
  • The term hydrocephalus is derived from the Greek words "hydro" meaning water and "cephalus" meaning head. (health-care-articles.info)
  • Today, the term hydrocephalus indicates an excess of fluid within the cranium. (sophysa.com)
  • Irrespective of the cause, hydrocephalus can cause brain damage and prevent newborns from reaching crucial developmental milestones. (medicinenet.com)
  • Mutations of many of these genes may cause hydrocephalus in conjunction with other neurodevelopmental abnormalities. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This thesis describes studies which explore the impact of infantile hydrocephalus on the posterior cortex, specifically focusing on the parietal and occipital lobes. (uwo.ca)
  • The research study explores the impact of infantile hydrocephalus on specific brain regions responsible for visual processing and movement. (uwo.ca)
  • Treatment often involves insertion and monitoring of hydrocephalus shunts that help divert fluid from the head to another part of the body. (stlouischildrens.org)
  • Learning disabilities, including short-term memory loss, are common among those with hydrocephalus, who tend to score better on verbal IQ than on performance IQ, which is thought to reflect the distribution of nerve damage to the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hydrocephalus is a buildup of fluid inside the skull that leads to the brain pushing against the skull. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Hydrocephalus is due to a problem with the flow of the fluid that surrounds the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The diagnosis of hydrocephalus may be suspected in any young Siamese cat with signs of brain disease. (ufaw.org.uk)
  • Since hydrocephalus has no cure, brain surgery is currently the only viable therapy. (medicinenet.com)
  • Without treatment, hydrocephalus can cause damage to the brain or become life-threatening. (gillettechildrens.org)
  • Premature babies are at greater risk for brain hemorrhages, which can lead to acquired hydrocephalus. (gillettechildrens.org)
  • Often, hydrocephalus is tied to other conditions, such as spina bifida, cerebral palsy or traumatic brain injuries. (gillettechildrens.org)
  • Hydrocephalus is a condition in which fluid accumulates in the brain, typically in young children, enlarging the head and sometimes causing brain damage. (uclahealth.org)
  • The most common causes of pediatric hydrocephalus in children in the United States are brain bleeds as a result of prematurity, spina bifida, brain tumors, infection and head injury. (uclahealth.org)
  • Hydrocephalus is a condition in which excessive fluid accumulates in and around the brain. (choc.org)
  • Danny Bonaduce has undergone a successful brain surgery amid his hydrocephalus diagnosis -- a neurological disorder caused by liquid buildup in his brain. (etonline.com)
  • Earlier this month, and more than a year after the 63-year-old actor first opened up about his mystery illness , he revealed that he now has a likely diagnosis of hydrocephalus and planned to undergo brain surgery. (etonline.com)
  • Indeed, Mayo Clinic notes that traumatic brain injury could be one possible cause of hydrocephalus. (etonline.com)
  • Infant brain injuries such as hydrocephalus are dangerous and potentially deadly. (beasleyfirm.com)
  • Hydrocephalus refers to a build-up of fluid in the ventricles of the brain. (beasleyfirm.com)
  • If your child was diagnosed with hydrocephalus or another brain injury, contact our office at (215) 866-2424 for a free consultation. (beasleyfirm.com)
  • One of the leading hydrocephalus causes is the narrowing of the aqueduct of Sylvius, the passage connecting the third and fourth ventricles in the middle of the brain. (narayanahealth.org)
  • About one to two per 1,000 newborns have hydrocephalus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Working with a non-governmental organization called CURE International , he founded a pediatric neurosurgical hospital, doing about 1,000 operations a year-more than half of them for hydrocephalus-on children from Uganda and surrounding countries. (vectorblog.org)
  • People who experience hydrocephalus since childhood find a comfortable transition from pediatric to adult care at our center. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • The Fetal Care Center of Southern California can confirm a hydrocephalus diagnosis and our team of pediatric specialists will start treatment planning for your baby. (choc.org)
  • Fetal hydrocephalus might also develop when a blockage causes fluid to build up before birth. (gillettechildrens.org)
  • To approach this problem 40 cases were reviewed of intrauterine fetal hydrocephalus diagnosed with sonography, and follow-up information was obtained regarding them. (ajnr.org)
  • The observations indicate that the prognosis for fetal hydrocephalus is poor. (ajnr.org)
  • Dandy-Walker malformation comprises progressive cystic enlargement of the 4th ventricle in fetal life, resulting in complete or partial agenesis of the cerebellar vermis and hydrocephalus. (msdmanuals.com)
  • with hydrocephalus resulting from aqueductal stenosis, and manifest autosomal dominant inheritance. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Hydrocephalus is a rare, complex, and chronic illness that can arise for a variety of reasons or even be a result of another disorder. (medicinenet.com)
  • Our neurosurgeons have pioneered two unique procedures to ensure the most cutting-edge treatment possible for kids with hydrocephalus. (choc.org)
  • Risk factors related to hydrocephalus after traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. (medscape.com)
  • Older children won't have an enlarged head as the result of hydrocephalus, because the bones of the skull have already closed and hardened. (gillettechildrens.org)
  • Hydrocephalus can result in a larger than average head size, so they may also measure your baby's head circumference. (choc.org)
  • At Gillette Children's we also meet with you, share information about hydrocephalus, and help plan a course of treatment. (gillettechildrens.org)
  • If your child has hydrocephalus you might start treatment while they're an infant. (gillettechildrens.org)
  • What is the treatment for hydrocephalus? (uclahealth.org)
  • We are here for your child and your family through every step of hydrocephalus treatment and are committed to delivering care tailored to your needs. (choc.org)
  • As hydrocephalus treatment progressed, so did the discovery of its varied types. (narayanahealth.org)
  • Classification of hydrocephalus and outcome of treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Paoletti P, Pezzotta S, Spanu G. Diagnosis and treatment of post-traumatic hydrocephalus. (medscape.com)
  • The authors suggest a new approach to treating hydrocephalus, the aim of which is to provide CSF drainage at or below the CSF secretion rate within a physiological ICP range. (nih.gov)
  • In hydrocephalus, there is too much fluid, either because of a drainage problem or an over-production problem. (vin.com)