A serious complication of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA; DEHYDRATION; serum hyperosmolarity; and depressed consciousness leading to COMA in the absence of KETOSIS and ACIDOSIS.
A life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS with severe INSULIN deficiency and extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA. It is characterized by KETOSIS; DEHYDRATION; and depressed consciousness leading to COMA.
Intracranial bleeding into the PUTAMEN, a BASAL GANGLIA nucleus. This is associated with HYPERTENSION and lipohyalinosis of small blood vessels in the putamen. Clinical manifestations vary with the size of hemorrhage, but include HEMIPARESIS; HEADACHE; and alterations of consciousness.
A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.
A state of unconsciousness as a complication of diabetes mellitus. It occurs in cases of extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA or extreme HYPOGLYCEMIA as a complication of INSULIN therapy.
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.
Glucose in blood.
A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.
Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.
A numerical system of measuring the rate of BLOOD GLUCOSE generation from a particular food item as compared to a reference item, such as glucose = 100. Foods with higher glycemic index numbers create greater blood sugar swings.
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.
Minor hemoglobin components of human erythrocytes designated A1a, A1b, and A1c. Hemoglobin A1c is most important since its sugar moiety is glucose covalently bound to the terminal amino acid of the beta chain. Since normal glycohemoglobin concentrations exclude marked blood glucose fluctuations over the preceding three to four weeks, the concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin A is a more reliable index of the blood sugar average over a long period of time.
Substances which lower blood glucose levels.

Increased urinary atrial natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity excretion but decreased plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration in patients with hyperosmolar-hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome. (1/30)

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to measure urinary atrial natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity (ANP-LI) and plasma ANP concentration in patients with hyperosmolar-hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) to investigate the change of renal ANP-LI and cardiac ANP synthesis in volume-depleted diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The urine ANP-LI:creatinine ratio, plasma ANP level, and plasma renin activity (PRA) were measured in 12 patients with HHNS during the acute stage and after recovery, in 28 oral hypoglycemic agent (OHA)-treated type 2 diabetic patients, and in 23 normal subjects. ANP and PRA were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: These HHNS patients had severe hyperglycemia and hyperosmolality as well as increased blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and PRA levels, as compared with normal subjects and OHA-treated type 2 diabetic patients. In these patients, the urinary ANP-LI:creatinine ratio (11.69 +/- 2.11 pmol/mmol) was significantly increased in comparison with the normal group (1.78 +/- 0.11 pmol/mmol) and OHA-treated diabetic patients (2.43 +/- 0.45 pmol/mmol), whereas plasma ANP concentration (5.12 +/- 0.72 pmol/l) was significantly lower than the corresponding values of the normal group (7.39 +/- 0.85 pmol/l) and OHA-treated diabetic patients (8.43 +/- 1.05 pmol/l). All of these abnormalities were significantly ameliorated after insulin, fluid, and electrolyte replacement. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that urinary ANP-LI was significantly increased, whereas plasma ANP concentration was decreased, in the face of raised PRA in HHNS patients. This study indicates that renal ANP-LI substances and cardiac ANP may exhibit different responsiveness in diabetic patients with HHNS.  (+info)

Management of the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome. (2/30)

Hyperglycemic hyperosmolarity is part of a clinical spectrum of severe hyperglycemic disorders ranging from pure hyperglycemic hyperosmolarity without ketosis to diabetic ketoacidosis, with significant overlap in the middle. From 50 to 75 percent of hospitalizable patients who have uncontrolled diabetes present with significant hyperosmolarity. An altered state of consciousness attributable to uncontrolled diabetes is virtually always the result of severe hyperosmolar hyperglycemia. The linchpin of therapy is prompt, rapid administration of crystalloid solutions that have tonicity appropriate to the level of hyperosmolarity. A decrease in the plasma glucose concentration indicates the adequacy of therapy, especially rehydration; the goal is for the plasma glucose level to decline by at least 75 to 100 mg per dL (4.2 to 5.6 mmol per L) per hour. Patients with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome are often chronically ill, and they may have major total body deficits of potassium, phosphate and magnesium, as well as B-complex vitamins (especially thiamine). These deficits also require attention and correction during therapy.  (+info)

Hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome with hypernatremia: how can we monitor treatment? (3/30)

We report the case of a 62 year-old symptomatic patient with severe hyperglycemic hyperosmolality associated with hypernatremia. During treatment, the progressive decrease in serum tonicity, which resulted in the amelioration of the neurological symptoms, followed the decrease in serum glucose and mainly the corrected serum sodium levels rather than the decrease in the uncorrected serum sodium levels. The case illustrates the usefulness of glucose - corrected serum sodium levels to monitor treatment in such conditions in order to avoid neurological consequences caused by the decrease in serum osmolality.  (+info)

Bilateral putaminal hemorrhage with cerebral edema in hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. (4/30)

Bilateral putaminal hemorrhages rarely occur simultaneously in hypertensive patients. The association of intracerebral hemorrhage with cerebral edema (CE) has been rarely reported in diabetic patients. We present a patient with bilateral putaminal hemorrhage (BPH) and CE during the course of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS). A 40-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus and chronic alcoholism was admitted with acute impaired mentality. His blood pressure was within the normal range on admission. Laboratory results revealed hyperglycemia and severe metabolic acidosis without ketonuria. After aggressive treatment, plasma sugar fell to 217 mg/dl, but brain CT showed BPH and diffuse CE. Our case demonstrated that HHS should be considered as a cause of BPH with CE. Initial brain imaging study may be recommended for patients with diabetic coma.  (+info)

Inpatient management of diabetes: survey in a tertiary care centre. (5/30)

AIMS: Good glycaemic control in hospitalised patients with diabetes mellitus improves wellbeing and aids recovery. This survey aimed to: (1) assess glycaemic control in patients with diabetes admitted to hospital for reasons other than diabetes, (2) compare the glycaemic control in patients treated in medical and surgical units, and (3) see the impact of specialists' input on glycaemic control. METHODS: The first 150 patients admitted to hospital were identified; those with acute metabolic complications of diabetes mellitus, acute myocardial infarction, pregestational or gestational diabetes, and patients in different intensive care units were excluded. Case notes were reviewed with particular attention to glycaemic control, frequency of blood monitoring, complications, and the actions taken to improve glycaemic control. RESULTS: Four of the 150 patients died in hospital. When subcutaneous insulin was used glycaemic control was good in 48%, suboptimal in 15%, and poor in 37% of patients. The results were not significantly different with subcutaneous or intravenous insulin. There was also no difference in glycaemic control among medical and surgical patients. Patients managed by designated specialists had better control than those managed by physicians (p<0.001). Hypoglycaemia was documented in 20% and two patients developed non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma while in hospital. In a few cases treatment at discharge was not changed despite poor control while in hospital. CONCLUSION: More attention should be given to improving glycaemic control in patients hospitalised for reasons other than diabetes. Particular care should be taken to modify the dose of insulin needed to get good glycaemic control; control was better with specialists' input. A follow up survey will be conducted.  (+info)

Hyperglycaemic crises and lactic acidosis in diabetes mellitus. (6/30)

Diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state, and lactic acidosis represent three of the most serious acute complications of diabetes. There have been some advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of these conditions over the last three decades, together with more uniform agreement on their treatment and innovations in technology. Accordingly their incidence, morbidity, and mortality are decreasing, but at rates that fall short of our aspirations. Hyperglycaemic crises in particular remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic populations around the world. In this article, understanding of these conditions and advances in their management, and the available guidelines for their treatment, are reviewed. As far as is possible, the recommendations are based on clear published evidence; failing that, what is considered to be a common sense synthesis of consensus guidelines and recommendations is provided.  (+info)

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. (7/30)

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is a life-threatening emergency manifested by marked elevation of blood glucose, hyperosmolarity, and little or no ketosis. With the dramatic increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and the aging population, this condition may be encountered more frequently by family physicians in the future. Although the precipitating causes are numerous, underlying infections are the most common. Other causes include certain medications, non-compliance, undiagnosed diabetes, substance abuse, and coexisting disease. Physical findings of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state include those associated with profound dehydration and various neurologic symptoms such as coma. The first step of treatment involves careful monitoring of the patient and laboratory values. Vigorous correction of dehydration with the use of normal saline is critical, requiring an average of 9 L in 48 hours. After urine output has been established, potassium replacement should begin. Once fluid replacement has been initiated, insulin should be given as an initial bolus of 0.15 U per kg intravenously, followed by a drip of 0.1 U per kg per hour until the blood glucose level falls to between 250 and 300 mg per dL. Identification and treatment of the underlying and precipitating causes are necessary. It is important to monitor the patient for complications such as vascular occlusions (e.g., mesenteric artery occlusion, myocardial infarction, low-flow syndrome, and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy) and rhabdomyolysis. Finally, physicians should focus on preventing future episodes using patient education and instruction in self-monitoring.  (+info)

A case of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state associated with Graves' hyperthyroidism: a case report. (8/30)

Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) is an acute complication mostly occurring in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Thyrotoxicosis causes dramatic increase of glycogen degradation and/or gluconeogenesis and enhances breakdown of triglycerides. Thus, in general, it augments glucose intolerance in diabetic patients. A 23-yr-old female patient with Graves' disease and type 2 DM, complying with methimazole and insulin injection, had symptoms of nausea, polyuria and generalized weakness. Her serum glucose and osmolarity were 32.7 mM/L, and 321 mosm/kg, respectively. Thyroid function tests revealed that she had more aggravated hyperthyroid status; 0.01 mU/L TSH and 2.78 pM/L free T3 (reference range, 0.17-4.05, 0.31-0.62, respectively) than when she was discharged two weeks before (0.12 mU/L TSH and 1.41 pM/L free T3). Being diagnosed as HHS and refractory Graves' hyperthyroidism, she was treated successfully with intravenous fluids, insulin and high doses of methimazole (90 mg daily). Here, we described the case of a woman with Graves' disease and type 2 DM developing to HHS.  (+info)

Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma (HHNC) is a serious complication of diabetes, specifically type 2, that occurs when blood glucose levels rise to extremely high levels, typically above 600 mg/dL. This condition is often accompanied by severe dehydration due to excessive urination and an inability to consume adequate fluids.

The term "hyperosmolar" refers to the high concentration of glucose in the blood, which increases the osmolality (or osmotic pressure) of the blood. This can lead to water moving out of cells and into the bloodstream to try to balance out the concentration, causing severe dehydration.

The term "nonketotic" means that there is no significant production of ketone bodies, which are produced when the body breaks down fat for energy in the absence of sufficient insulin. This differentiates HHNC from diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), another serious complication of diabetes.

The "coma" part of the term refers to the fact that HHNC can cause altered mental status, ranging from confusion and disorientation to coma, due to the effects of dehydration and high blood glucose levels on the brain.

HHNC is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment in a hospital setting. Treatment typically involves administering fluids to rehydrate the body, insulin to lower blood glucose levels, and addressing any other underlying conditions or complications. If left untreated, HHNC can be life-threatening.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious metabolic complication characterized by the triad of hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and increased ketone bodies. It primarily occurs in individuals with diabetes mellitus type 1, but it can also be seen in some people with diabetes mellitus type 2, particularly during severe illness or surgery.

The condition arises when there is a significant lack of insulin in the body, which impairs the ability of cells to take up glucose for energy production. As a result, the body starts breaking down fatty acids to produce energy, leading to an increase in ketone bodies (acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone) in the bloodstream. This process is called ketosis.

In DKA, the excessive production of ketone bodies results in metabolic acidosis, which is characterized by a lower than normal pH level in the blood (< 7.35) and an elevated serum bicarbonate level (< 18 mEq/L). The hyperglycemia in DKA is due to both increased glucose production and decreased glucose utilization by cells, which can lead to severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.

Symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis include excessive thirst, frequent urination, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue, fruity breath odor, and altered mental status. If left untreated, DKA can progress to coma and even lead to death. Treatment typically involves administering insulin, fluid replacement, and electrolyte management in a hospital setting.

A putaminal hemorrhage is a type of intracranial hemorrhage, which is defined as bleeding within the brain. Specifically, it refers to bleeding that occurs in the putamen, which is a region located deep within the forebrain and is part of the basal ganglia.

Putaminal hemorrhages are often caused by hypertension (high blood pressure) or rupture of small aneurysms (weakened areas in the walls of blood vessels). Symptoms can vary depending on the severity and location of the bleed, but may include sudden onset of headache, altered consciousness, weakness or paralysis on one side of the body, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, and visual disturbances.

Diagnosis is typically made using imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Treatment may involve supportive care, medications to control blood pressure and prevent seizures, and surgical intervention in some cases. The prognosis for putaminal hemorrhage depends on various factors, including the patient's age, overall health status, and the severity of the bleed.

A coma is a deep state of unconsciousness in which an individual cannot be awakened, cannot respond to stimuli, and does not exhibit any sleep-wake cycles. It is typically caused by severe brain injury, illness, or toxic exposure that impairs the function of the brainstem and cerebral cortex.

In a coma, the person may appear to be asleep, but they are not aware of their surroundings or able to communicate or respond to stimuli. Comas can last for varying lengths of time, from days to weeks or even months, and some people may emerge from a coma with varying degrees of brain function and disability.

Medical professionals use various diagnostic tools and assessments to evaluate the level of consciousness and brain function in individuals who are in a coma, including the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), which measures eye opening, verbal response, and motor response. Treatment for coma typically involves supportive care to maintain vital functions, manage any underlying medical conditions, and prevent further complications.

A diabetic coma is a serious and life-threatening condition that occurs when an individual with diabetes experiences severely high or low blood sugar levels, leading to unconsciousness. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention.

In the case of hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), the body produces excess amounts of urine to try to eliminate the glucose, leading to dehydration and a lack of essential nutrients in the body. This can result in a buildup of toxic byproducts called ketones, which can cause a condition known as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). DKA can lead to a diabetic coma if left untreated.

On the other hand, hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) can also cause a diabetic coma. This occurs when the brain is not receiving enough glucose to function properly, leading to confusion, seizures, and eventually unconsciousness.

If you suspect someone is experiencing a diabetic coma, it is important to seek emergency medical attention immediately. While waiting for help to arrive, try to administer glucose or sugar to the individual if they are conscious and able to swallow. If they are unconscious, do not give them anything to eat or drink, as this could cause choking or further complications.

Hyperglycemia is a medical term that refers to an abnormally high level of glucose (sugar) in the blood. Fasting hyperglycemia is defined as a fasting blood glucose level greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter) on two separate occasions. Alternatively, a random blood glucose level greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL in combination with symptoms of hyperglycemia (such as increased thirst, frequent urination, blurred vision, and fatigue) can also indicate hyperglycemia.

Hyperglycemia is often associated with diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production. However, hyperglycemia can also occur in other conditions such as stress, surgery, infection, certain medications, and hormonal imbalances.

Prolonged or untreated hyperglycemia can lead to serious complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), and long-term damage to various organs such as the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels. Therefore, it is essential to monitor blood glucose levels regularly and maintain them within normal ranges through proper diet, exercise, medication, and lifestyle modifications.

Blood glucose, also known as blood sugar, is the concentration of glucose in the blood. Glucose is a simple sugar that serves as the main source of energy for the body's cells. It is carried to each cell through the bloodstream and is absorbed into the cells with the help of insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas.

The normal range for blood glucose levels in humans is typically between 70 and 130 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) when fasting, and less than 180 mg/dL after meals. Levels that are consistently higher than this may indicate diabetes or other metabolic disorders.

Blood glucose levels can be measured through a variety of methods, including fingerstick blood tests, continuous glucose monitoring systems, and laboratory tests. Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is important for people with diabetes to help manage their condition and prevent complications.

Insulin is a hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets, primarily in response to elevated levels of glucose in the circulating blood. It plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels and facilitating the uptake and utilization of glucose by peripheral tissues, such as muscle and adipose tissue, for energy production and storage. Insulin also inhibits glucose production in the liver and promotes the storage of excess glucose as glycogen or triglycerides.

Deficiency in insulin secretion or action leads to impaired glucose regulation and can result in conditions such as diabetes mellitus, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and associated complications. Exogenous insulin is used as a replacement therapy in individuals with diabetes to help manage their blood glucose levels and prevent long-term complications.

An acute disease is a medical condition that has a rapid onset, develops quickly, and tends to be short in duration. Acute diseases can range from minor illnesses such as a common cold or flu, to more severe conditions such as pneumonia, meningitis, or a heart attack. These types of diseases often have clear symptoms that are easy to identify, and they may require immediate medical attention or treatment.

Acute diseases are typically caused by an external agent or factor, such as a bacterial or viral infection, a toxin, or an injury. They can also be the result of a sudden worsening of an existing chronic condition. In general, acute diseases are distinct from chronic diseases, which are long-term medical conditions that develop slowly over time and may require ongoing management and treatment.

Examples of acute diseases include:

* Acute bronchitis: a sudden inflammation of the airways in the lungs, often caused by a viral infection.
* Appendicitis: an inflammation of the appendix that can cause severe pain and requires surgical removal.
* Gastroenteritis: an inflammation of the stomach and intestines, often caused by a viral or bacterial infection.
* Migraine headaches: intense headaches that can last for hours or days, and are often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.
* Myocardial infarction (heart attack): a sudden blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle, often caused by a buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries.
* Pneumonia: an infection of the lungs that can cause coughing, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.
* Sinusitis: an inflammation of the sinuses, often caused by a viral or bacterial infection.

It's important to note that while some acute diseases may resolve on their own with rest and supportive care, others may require medical intervention or treatment to prevent complications and promote recovery. If you are experiencing symptoms of an acute disease, it is always best to seek medical attention to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a medical condition in which the coronary arteries, which supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle, become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of cholesterol, fatty deposits, and other substances, known as plaque. Over time, this buildup can cause the arteries to harden and narrow (a process called atherosclerosis), reducing blood flow to the heart muscle.

The reduction in blood flow can lead to various symptoms and complications, including:

1. Angina (chest pain or discomfort) - This occurs when the heart muscle doesn't receive enough oxygen-rich blood, causing pain, pressure, or discomfort in the chest, arms, neck, jaw, or back.
2. Shortness of breath - When the heart isn't receiving adequate blood flow, it can't pump blood efficiently to meet the body's demands, leading to shortness of breath during physical activities or at rest.
3. Heart attack - If a piece of plaque ruptures or breaks off in a coronary artery, a blood clot can form and block the artery, causing a heart attack (myocardial infarction). This can damage or destroy part of the heart muscle.
4. Heart failure - Chronic reduced blood flow to the heart muscle can weaken it over time, leading to heart failure, a condition in which the heart can't pump blood efficiently to meet the body's needs.
5. Arrhythmias - Reduced blood flow and damage to the heart muscle can lead to abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), which can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

Coronary artery disease is typically diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as electrocardiograms (ECGs), stress testing, cardiac catheterization, and imaging studies like coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Treatment options for CAD include lifestyle modifications, medications, medical procedures, and surgery.

The Glycemic Index (GI) is a measure of how quickly a carbohydrate-containing food raises blood glucose levels, compared to a reference food (usually pure glucose). It is expressed as a percentage on a scale from 0 to 100. A food with a high GI raises blood glucose levels more rapidly and higher than a food with a low GI.

Foods are ranked based on the speed at which they cause an increase in blood sugar levels, with high GI foods causing a rapid spike and low GI foods causing a slower, more gradual rise. This can be useful for people managing diabetes or other conditions where maintaining stable blood glucose levels is important.

It's worth noting that the glycemic index of a food can vary depending on factors such as ripeness, cooking method, and the presence of fiber or fat in the meal. Therefore, it's best to consider GI values as a general guide rather than an absolute rule.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose (or sugar) levels resulting from the body's inability to produce sufficient amounts of insulin or effectively use the insulin it produces. This form of diabetes usually develops gradually over several years and is often associated with older age, obesity, physical inactivity, family history of diabetes, and certain ethnicities.

In Type 2 diabetes, the body's cells become resistant to insulin, meaning they don't respond properly to the hormone. As a result, the pancreas produces more insulin to help glucose enter the cells. Over time, the pancreas can't keep up with the increased demand, leading to high blood glucose levels and diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes is managed through lifestyle modifications such as weight loss, regular exercise, and a healthy diet. Medications, including insulin therapy, may also be necessary to control blood glucose levels and prevent long-term complications associated with the disease, such as heart disease, nerve damage, kidney damage, and vision loss.

Glycosylated Hemoglobin A, also known as Hemoglobin A1c or HbA1c, is a form of hemoglobin that is bound to glucose. It is formed in a non-enzymatic glycation reaction with glucose in the blood. The amount of this hemoglobin present in the blood is proportional to the average plasma glucose concentration over the previous 8-12 weeks, making it a useful indicator for monitoring long-term blood glucose control in people with diabetes mellitus.

In other words, HbA1c reflects the integrated effects of glucose regulation over time and is an important clinical marker for assessing glycemic control and risk of diabetic complications. The normal range for HbA1c in individuals without diabetes is typically less than 5.7%, while a value greater than 6.5% is indicative of diabetes.

Hypoglycemic agents are a class of medications that are used to lower blood glucose levels in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. These medications work by increasing insulin sensitivity, stimulating insulin release from the pancreas, or inhibiting glucose production in the liver. Examples of hypoglycemic agents include sulfonylureas, meglitinides, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, and GLP-1 receptor agonists. It's important to note that the term "hypoglycemic" refers to a condition of abnormally low blood glucose levels, but in this context, the term is used to describe agents that are used to treat high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) associated with diabetes.

... diabetic coma MeSH C19.246.099.750.490 - hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma MeSH C19.246.099.812 - diabetic ...
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, also known as hyperosmotic non-ketotic coma, a type of diabetic coma Honka (disambiguation) ...
... and exhaustion Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma in which extreme hyperglycemia and dehydration alone are sufficient to cause ... Gosmanov AR, Gosmanova EO, Kitabchi AE (2000). "Hyperglycemic Crises: Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar ... hyperosmolar non-ketotic state (HONK) or Hyperglycemia hyperosmolar state (HHS) is an acute complication sharing many symptoms ... ISBN 978-0-7020-8347-1. Pasquel FJ, Umpierrez GE (November 2014). "Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state: a historic review of the ...
Also, a life-threatening consequence of hyperglycemia can be nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome. Perioperative hyperglycemia has ... For diabetics, glucose levels that are considered to be too hyperglycemic can vary from person to person, mainly due to the ... Delayed gastric emptying Cardiac arrhythmia Stupor Coma Seizures Abnormal movements: chorea, choreoathetosis, ballism, dystonia ... is considered slightly hyperglycemic, and above 7 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) is generally held to have diabetes. ...
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma. Background-- Definition. Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HHNKC) is ... Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma. Prevention. Detection. Treatment. Hypoglycemia. Prevention. Detection. Treatment. ... For patients with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma-- * Remind persons responsible for the elderly, the infirm, or the ... In some patients, the condition may culminate in diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma. Profound ...
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is 1 of 2 serious metabolic derangements that occurs in patients with diabetes mellitus ... Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Coma (HHNC, Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome). 2018 Jan. [QxMD MEDLINE Link ... HHS was previously termed hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma (HHNC); however, the terminology was changed because coma ... Campanella LM, Lartey R, Shih R. Severe hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma in a nondiabetic patient receiving ...
HHS; Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma; Nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma (NKHHC); Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HONK); ... Diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. Site Map Diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. ... Diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS) is a complication of type 2 diabetes. It involves extremely high blood sugar ...
The condition is also commonly referred to as hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HHNC). However, recent literature has ... Sagarin, M. Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Coma. http://www.emedicin.com/emerg/topic264.htm. January 13, 2005. ... Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome may be the first indication that the patient has diabetes mellitus. Even though ... Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) is an emergency that the diabetes mellitus (DM) patient may experience. ...
Hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic, non-ketotic coma. *This is dehydration. *Signs & symptoms are like S&S of dehydration *Including: ... High Blood Sugar in Type I DM- DKA Diabetic Coma [Hyperglycemia] *Causes: *Too much food ...
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma, type 1 diabetes mellitus, ganglioneuorma, hyperpituitarism, diabetic ketoacidosis ...
... including nonketotic hyperglycemic hemichorea where individuals experience involuntary movements, and nonketotic hyperosmolar ... Those can lead to seizures, coma, and even death.. Difference between low and high blood sugar seizures. Seizures may occur ... Nonketotic hyperglycemia (NKH). NKH is also sometimes called diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS). ... Are hyperglycemic seizures dangerous?. Hyperglycemic seizures are potentially fatal. and should be taken seriously. If you have ...
Nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma (NKHHC). (Condition). *Nonlipid reticuloendotheliosis. (Condition). *Nonmelanoma ...
... diabetic coma MeSH C19.246.099.750.490 - hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma MeSH C19.246.099.812 - diabetic ...
... hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma). Ketones develop when the blood glucose level is high due to lack of insulin ... Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State (HHS) occurs in people with type 2 diabetes who experience very high blood glucose levels ( ...
... and stroke can exacerbate hyperglycemia and may even precipitate hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma in a patient who is ...
... hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (or state), and severe hypoglycemia. It concludes with important considerations when ...
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome and, before that, Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic ... "Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome" and, before that, "Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Coma") is a bit of a ... IBCC chapter & cast - Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State. IBCC chapter & cast - Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State. August 3, 2020 ...
Benedetto P, Fenoglio J, Gamba S. Hyperglycemic, hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma in the pediatric age. Minerva Med. 1976 ... Joosten R, Frank M, Ronchen H. Hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma. Eur J Pediatr. 1981; 137: 233-6. ... Review: diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome. Am J Med Sci. 1996; 311: 225-33. ... Death caused by hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state at the onset of type 2 diabetes. J Pediatr. 2004; 144: 270-3. ...
Differential diagnosis the differential diagnosis of ketosis in hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma on the chest ...
Diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS) is a complication of type 2 diabetes. It involves extremely high blood sugar ... Diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS) is a complication of type 2 diabetes. It involves extremely high blood sugar ... HHS; Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma; Nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma (NKHHC); Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HONK); ... Diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS) is a complication of type 2 diabetes. It involves extremely high blood sugar ...
Differences between Hyperosmolar Non-Ketotic Hyperglycaemic Coma and Diabetic Ketoacidosis. March 24, 2013 ...
E08.00 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with hyperosmolarity without nonketotic hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar coma ( ... E08.10 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with ketoacidosis without coma. *. E08.11 Diabetes mellitus due to ... E08.641 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with hypoglycemia with coma *E08.649 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying ...
E08.00 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with hyperosmolarity without nonketotic hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar coma ( ... E08.10 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with ketoacidosis without coma. *. E08.11 Diabetes mellitus due to ... E08.641 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with hypoglycemia with coma *E08.649 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying ...
The hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome is a condition that occurs when too much sugar enters the body. ... If left untreated this disorder could lead to coma or death.. The first step to treating hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic ... Causes of Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome In some cases, the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome may ... What is Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome. The hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome is a life- ...
Hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar nonketotic coma. Congenital abnormalities, stillbirth. Outcome. *Ocular: cataracts, retinopathy, ... Nonketotic hyperosmolar coma (NKHC) (see chapter 211 for more details). Hypoglycemia. Precipitated by. *Poor patient compliance ...
... it remains unknown if any particular fluid confers a clinical outcome benefit over others in the treatment of hyperglycemic ... and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) are life-threatening complications of diabetes mellitus which require prompt ... HHS is often also referred to as hyperglycemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma (HONK), and as such, these keywords were also ... Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state: a historic review of the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Diabetes Care. 2014 ...
E09.00 …… without nonketotic hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar coma (NKHHC). * E09.01 …… with coma. *. R73 Elevated blood glucose ...
with hyperosmolarity without nonketotic hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar coma (NKHHC) E13.00 ... with hyperosmolarity with coma ... Type 2 diabetes mellitus with hyperosmolarity without nonketotic hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar coma (NKHHC) E11.00 ... Other specified diabetes mellitus with hypoglycemia without coma E13.649 Other specified diabetes mellitus with hyperglycemia ...
Marked hyperglycemia, including diabetic ketoacidosis and nonketotic hyperosmolar hyperglycemic coma. * Diabetes insipidus ( ... may result from marked hyperglycemia or the presence of hyperosmolar substances such as mannitol, maltose, or sucrose ...
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Coma. *Calculation. *Sodium falls 1.6 meq/L per 100 mg/dl Glucose rise above 100 mg/dl ... These images are a random sampling from a Bing search on the term "Hyperosmolar Hyponatremia." Click on the image (or right ... Effective osmoles (e.g. excessive Glucose) create a hypertonic, hyperosmolar extracellular fluid ...
ACUTE : Diabetic ketoacidosis Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic nonketotic coma Hypoglycaemia. CHRONIC : Macrovascular( ...
Other specified diabetes mellitus with hyperosmolarity without nonketotic hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar coma (NKHHC). BILLABLE ... Other specified diabetes mellitus with hyperosmolarity with coma. BILLABLE CODE. E13.1. Other specified diabetes mellitus with ... Other specified diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis with coma. BILLABLE CODE. E13.2. Other specified diabetes mellitus with ... Other specified diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis without coma. BILLABLE CODE. E13.11. ...
... and without diabetic ketosis or nonketotic hyperosmolar coma. Patients anti-hyperglycemic therapy would be maintained as usual ... Secondly, although we had maintained the patients anti-hyperglycemic therapy as usual and avoided glucose infusion during CGMS ...
  • Diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS) is a complication of type 2 diabetes . (limamemorial.org)
  • Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) is an emergency that the diabetes mellitus (DM) patient may experience. (ems1.com)
  • However, recent literature has changed the name and reference from "coma" to "syndrome" since less than 10 percent of the patients truly become comatose. (ems1.com)
  • NKH is also sometimes called diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS). (healthline.com)
  • Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (previously known as "Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome" and, before that, "Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Coma") is a bit of a slippery animal. (emcrit.org)
  • A new challenge in pediatric obesity: Pediatric hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. (medigraphic.com)
  • Review: diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome. (medigraphic.com)
  • Matz R. Management of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome. (medigraphic.com)
  • Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome, or HONKS for short, is a type of hyperglycemia that occurs when the blood sugar levels are so high they can't be in control with insulin . (mantracare.org)
  • Although it is rare, the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome can also occur in people without either condition. (mantracare.org)
  • The first step to treating hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome is increasing your fluid intake as much as possible. (mantracare.org)
  • The hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome is a life-threatening condition that occurs when blood sugar levels are extremely high. (mantracare.org)
  • When there is hyperglycemia without ketoacidosis, this is a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome. (mantracare.org)
  • Your body releases excess blood sugar through your urine in diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome, which it attempts to get rid of by excreting it. (mantracare.org)
  • The diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome can be deadly if not treated promptly. (mantracare.org)
  • Symptoms of the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome can vary from patient to patient. (mantracare.org)
  • If left unchecked or undiagnosed for too long hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome can lead to a loss of consciousness. (mantracare.org)
  • If you believe someone is suffering from hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome they must receive medical attention as soon as possible. (mantracare.org)
  • In some cases, the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome may be mistaken for the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state. (mantracare.org)
  • If hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome symptoms last for more than 48 hours, you should immediately contact your doctor. (mantracare.org)
  • This is because the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome can be a sign of diabetes and if left untreated, this could lead to diabetic ketoacidosis or even coma which needs immediate medical attention. (mantracare.org)
  • Don't wait until your blood sugar level reaches dangerous levels of diabetes hyperosmolar syndrome. (mantracare.org)
  • In some cases, the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome may be in connection to a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. (mantracare.org)
  • With blood sugar above 250 mg/dl, type 2 diabetics may develop hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) or lapse into a coma. (bloodglucosevalue.com)
  • INTRODUCTION: Isolated Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic Syndrome (HHS) is a life-threatening condition characterized by elevated serum glucose concentrations and hyperosmolality without significant ketosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Its official name is hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS). (l-c-h.com)
  • These complications can be life threatening and include neuropathy (numbness in the feet), nephropathy (kidney disease), high blood pressure, stroke, gastroparesis (delayed stomach emptying), DKA (Diabetic Ketoacidosis - blood sugar so high it causes a coma or death), and HHNS (Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome - elevated blood sugar caused by illness or infection). (demystifyingyourhealth.com)
  • It does not usually lead to the presence of ketones in the urine, as occurs in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) , which is why it was previously referred to as HONK (hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma). (diabetes.org.uk)
  • The article points out the signs and symptoms to be aware of when the person is in the acute state of diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (or state), and severe hypoglycemia. (lww.com)
  • Diagnosis and treatment of diabetes ketoacidosis and the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state. (medigraphic.com)
  • Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) are life-threatening complications of diabetes mellitus which require prompt treatment with large volume crystalloid fluid administration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • E10.10: Type 1 diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis without coma. (diabetestalk.net)
  • Potentially Fatal: Hyperosmolar nonketotic hyperglycaemic coma, diabetic ketoacidosis, hypoglycaemic coma, convulsions and mental status changes. (medicscientist.com)
  • COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 AND diabetic ketoacidosis OR DKA OR ketosis OR ketonemia OR hyperglycaemic emergency OR hyperglycaemic crisis . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ketoacidosis and HHNS are complications that require emergency medical attention to prevent diabetic coma or a fatality. (bloodglucosevalue.com)
  • For patients presenting with suspected diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology will ensure optimal emergency management. (bvsalud.org)
  • This may be either due to hyperglycemia with ketoacidosis or due to hyperosmolar non-ketotic state. (healthyfair.net)
  • How does Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State differ from Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)? (carepatron.com)
  • Acute complications ( hypoglycemia , ketoacidosis or nonketotic hyperosmolar coma ) may occur if the disease is not adequately controlled. (wikidoc.org)
  • They include diabetic ketoacidosis ( DKA ) and Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state ( HHS ). (wikidoc.org)
  • Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is one of two serious metabolic derangements that occur in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). (medscape.com)
  • E13.641: Other specified diabetes mellitus with hypoglycemia with coma. (diabetestalk.net)
  • E13.649: Other specified diabetes mellitus with hypoglycemia without coma.E10.621: Type 1 diabetes with foot ulcer. (diabetestalk.net)
  • Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is a complication of diabetes mellitus that most often occurs in type 2 diabetes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic coma in an infant with neonatal diabetes mellitus. (ucsd.edu)
  • OBJECTIVES: Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) is one of the most severe acute complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) characterized by severe hyperglycemia and hyperosmolality without significant ketosis and acidosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Manejo de la hiperglucemia en el paciente con diabetes mellitus. (bvsalud.org)
  • This ICD-10 code is meant to be used on a patient confirmed to have Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with hyperosmolarity (which means the blood has a high concentration of salt, glucose, and other substances) and is in a coma. (carepatron.com)
  • There are two types of hyperglycemia known to cause seizures: nonketotic hyperglycemia (NKH) and ketotic hyperglycemia. (healthline.com)
  • Stressful illnesses such as myocardial infarction , pneumonia, influenza, and stroke can exacerbate hyperglycemia and may even precipitate hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma in a patient who is already hospitalized. (health.am)
  • The closest you'll find are those that say hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar coma , but the thing is, the ICD-10 codes will likely mention something like without nonketotic hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar coma (NKHHC) . (carepatron.com)
  • Benedetto P, Fenoglio J, Gamba S. Hyperglycemic, hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma in the pediatric age. (medigraphic.com)
  • Joosten R, Frank M, Ronchen H. Hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma. (medigraphic.com)
  • Some also refer to this as a " diabetic coma . (mantracare.org)
  • This serious complication can lead to diabetic coma and even death with either type of diabetes, though it's more common in type 2. (l-c-h.com)
  • Diabetic coma is when a dog's diabetic attention (aka sense of self and surrounding awareness) is greatly reduced due to the presence of high glucose levels in the bloodstream. (icleandogwash.com)
  • Abnormal lowering of blood sugar leads to confusion, stupor, convulsions or coma depending on the degree of hypoglycemia. (healthyfair.net)
  • The condition is also commonly referred to as hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HHNC). (ems1.com)
  • Because the symptoms resemble others caused by nerve damage, it is difficult for doctors to determine which patients are suffering from hyperglycemic neuropathy . (mantracare.org)
  • Symptoms of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state include extreme dehydration and confusion. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The elevated blood glucose level creates a hyperosmolar extracellular space that begins to pull fluid and dehydrate the intracellular space. (ems1.com)
  • This creates a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic condition, which clearly means that blood sugar is very high. (icleandogwash.com)
  • Standard care for dehydration and altered mental status is appropriate, including airway management, intravenous (IV) access, crystalloid administration, and any medications routinely given to coma patients. (medscape.com)
  • If you don't drink enough water, dehydration can occur, and this might get worse and cause coma, seizures, or even death. (mantracare.org)
  • which people often take to treat high blood pressure, can worsen dehydration and trigger hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state is characterised by extremely high glucose concentration, which, by increasing osmotic diuresis, intensifies dehydration. (bvsalud.org)
  • NKH can have complications outside of seizures, including nonketotic hyperglycemic hemichorea where individuals experience involuntary movements, and nonketotic hyperosmolar coma where consciousness is lost. (healthline.com)
  • Those can lead to seizures, coma, and even death. (healthline.com)
  • Treatment for hyperglycemic seizures typically requires insulin administration to reduce blood sugar levels. (healthline.com)
  • Complications include coma, seizures, and death. (msdmanuals.com)
  • As the name implies, this condition is associated with an excessively elevated blood glucose level and hyperosmolar extracellular fluid (ECF) without the production and accumulation of a mass amount of ketones in the blood. (ems1.com)
  • Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State (HHS) occurs in people with type 2 diabetes who experience very high blood glucose levels (often over 40mmol/l). (diabetes.org.uk)
  • High glucose causes the blood to become hyperosmolar, meaning it has a higher than normal amount of solutes such as sodium and glucose. (mantracare.org)
  • Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is diagnosed by blood tests that show very high levels of glucose, sodium, and other substances. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, the blood glucose levels can become extremely high (even exceeding 1,000 milligrams per deciliter [mg/dL], or 55.5 millimoles per liter [mmol/L] of blood). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Also, certain medications, such as corticosteroids, can raise blood glucose levels and cause hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Doctors suspect the diagnosis of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state when people who have recently developed confusion are found to have a very high blood glucose level. (msdmanuals.com)
  • When we speak of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic states, we're speaking of a condition in which a person has a high amount of glucose, salt, and other substances. (carepatron.com)
  • Glycogenolysis may have a limited contribution to the hyperglycemic state since many of the patients are debilitated or suffer from an acute illness and have a poor diet as a result, causing the glycogen stores in the liver to deplete over time. (ems1.com)
  • Hyperosmolar hiperglycemic state. (medigraphic.com)
  • Death caused by hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state at the onset of type 2 diabetes. (medigraphic.com)
  • Thus, the disorder is called hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The main symptom of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is a mental change. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The new term is: HHS or Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State. (medatrio.com)
  • Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) may occur in young patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and in infants with hyperglycaemia. (bvsalud.org)
  • Fainting can occur when your dog is in a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. (icleandogwash.com)
  • Read this short guide and learn about hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state ICD codes you can use. (carepatron.com)
  • What hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state ICD codes can I use? (carepatron.com)
  • If you're looking for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state ICD codes to use but are having difficulty finding some, that's because there are no ICD-10 codes that specifically mention hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state in their names. (carepatron.com)
  • Since the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state doesn't have a specific ICD-10 code named after it, you can either use the code in Item 1 or this one. (carepatron.com)
  • Are these hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state ICD codes billable? (carepatron.com)
  • Both of these hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state-related ICD-10 codes are valid and billable. (carepatron.com)
  • Coma is not uncommon but can occur when there is insufficient insulin in the body. (icleandogwash.com)
  • The change ranges from mild confusion and disorientation to drowsiness and coma. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The Onset of coma may be precipitated by high protein intake, hematemesis of electrolyte imbalance. (healthyfair.net)
  • While there are potential pros and cons for different crystalloid fluids, it remains unknown if any particular fluid confers a clinical outcome benefit over others in the treatment of hyperglycemic emergencies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The treatment of hyperglycemic emergencies in the pediatric population differs from that of adult populations in several important ways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In less severe hypoxic damage, the patient may recover from coma with some permanent neurological sequelae like dementia, extrapyramidal disturbances, choreoathetosis, ataxia and myoclonus. (healthyfair.net)
  • In addition, dogs can lose a considerable amount of weight, lose weight, and in extreme cases, unconsciousness or even coma. (icleandogwash.com)
  • These images are a random sampling from a Bing search on the term "Hyperosmolar Hyponatremia. (fpnotebook.com)
  • Blood levels of sodium and other substances also rise, making the person's blood abnormally concentrated (hyperosmolar). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Prolonged ands evere hypoxia lasting more than 3 to 5 minutes produce serious and permanent injury to the Brain and leads to coma. (healthyfair.net)