A dysgammaglobulinemia characterized by a deficiency of IMMUNOGLOBULIN A.
An immunologic deficiency state characterized by selective deficiencies of one or more, but not all, classes of immunoglobulins.
A dysgammaglobulinemia characterized by a deficiency of IMMUNOGLOBULIN G.
Represents 15-20% of the human serum immunoglobulins, mostly as the 4-chain polymer in humans or dimer in other mammals. Secretory IgA (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY) is the main immunoglobulin in secretions.
Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.
An immunologic deficiency state characterized by an extremely low level of generally all classes of gamma-globulin in the blood.
Heterogeneous group of immunodeficiency syndromes characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia of most isotypes, variable B-cell defects, and the presence of recurrent bacterial infections.
A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.
The principle immunoglobulin in exocrine secretions such as milk, respiratory and intestinal mucin, saliva and tears. The complete molecule (around 400 kD) is composed of two four-chain units of IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, one SECRETORY COMPONENT and one J chain (IMMUNOGLOBULIN J-CHAINS).
Multi-subunit proteins which function in IMMUNITY. They are produced by B LYMPHOCYTES from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES. They are comprised of two heavy (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) and two light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) with additional ancillary polypeptide chains depending on their isoforms. The variety of isoforms include monomeric or polymeric forms, and transmembrane forms (B-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS) or secreted forms (ANTIBODIES). They are divided by the amino acid sequence of their heavy chains into five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M) and various subclasses.
A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE.
The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.
A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.
Parenchymatous NEUROSYPHILIS marked by slowly progressive degeneration of the posterior columns, posterior roots, and ganglia of the spinal cord. The condition tends to present 15 to 20 years after the initial infection and is characterized by lightening-like pains in the lower extremities, URINARY INCONTINENCE; ATAXIA; severely impaired position and vibratory sense, abnormal gait (see GAIT DISORDERS, NEUROLOGIC), OPTIC ATROPHY; Argyll-Robertson pupils, hypotonia, hyperreflexia, and trophic joint degeneration (Charcot's Joint; see ARTHROPATHY, NEUROGENIC). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p726)
An immunoglobulin which accounts for less than 1% of plasma immunoglobulin. It is found on the membrane of many circulating B LYMPHOCYTES.
A site located in the INTRONS at the 5' end of each constant region segment of a immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene where recombination (or rearrangement) occur during IMMUNOGLOBULIN CLASS SWITCHING. Ig switch regions are found on genes encoding all five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOTYPES) of IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS.
A 15 kD "joining" peptide that forms one of the linkages between monomers of IMMUNOGLOBULIN A or IMMUNOGLOBULIN M in the formation of polymeric immunoglobulins. There is one J chain per one IgA dimer or one IgM pentamer. It is also involved in binding the polymeric immunoglobulins to POLYMERIC IMMUNOGLOBULIN RECEPTOR which is necessary for their transcytosis to the lumen. It is distinguished from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN JOINING REGION which is part of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION of the immunoglobulin light and heavy chains.
Simple protein, one of the prolamines, derived from the gluten of wheat, rye, etc. May be separated into 4 discrete electrophoretic fractions. It is the toxic factor associated with CELIAC DISEASE.
The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES.
The domains of the immunoglobulin molecules that are invariable in their amino acid sequence within any class or subclass of immunoglobulin. They confer biological as well as structural functions to immunoglobulins. One each on both the light chains and the heavy chains comprises the C-terminus half of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN FAB FRAGMENT and two or three of them make up the rest of the heavy chains (all of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN FC FRAGMENT)
Transglutaminases catalyze cross-linking of proteins at a GLUTAMINE in one chain with LYSINE in another chain. They include keratinocyte transglutaminase (TGM1 or TGK), tissue transglutaminase (TGM2 or TGC), plasma transglutaminase involved with coagulation (FACTOR XIII and FACTOR XIIIa), hair follicle transglutaminase, and prostate transglutaminase. Although structures differ, they share an active site (YGQCW) and strict CALCIUM dependence.
Gene rearrangement of the B-lymphocyte which results in a substitution in the type of heavy-chain constant region that is expressed. This allows the effector response to change while the antigen binding specificity (variable region) remains the same. The majority of class switching occurs by a DNA recombination event but it also can take place at the level of RNA processing.
Antibodies that react with self-antigens (AUTOANTIGENS) of the organism that produced them.

Targeted deletion of the IgA constant region in mice leads to IgA deficiency with alterations in expression of other Ig isotypes. (1/207)

A murine model of IgA deficiency has been established by targeted deletion of the IgA switch and constant regions in embryonic stem cells. B cells from IgA-deficient mice were incapable of producing IgA in vitro in response to TGF-beta. IgA-deficient mice expressed higher levels of IgM and IgG in serum and gastrointestinal secretions and decreased levels of IgE in serum and pulmonary secretions. Expression of IgG subclasses was complex, with the most consistent finding being an increase in IgG2b and a decrease in IgG3 in serum and secretions. No detectable IgA Abs were observed following mucosal immunization against influenza; however, compared with those in wild-type mice, increased levels of IgM Abs were seen in both serum and secretions. Development of lymphoid tissues as well as T and B lymphocyte function appeared normal otherwise. Peyer's patches in IgA-deficient mice were well developed with prominent germinal centers despite the absence of IgA in these germinal centers or intestinal lamina propria. Lymphocytes from IgA-deficient mice responded to T and B cell mitogens comparable to those of wild-type mice, while T cells from IgA-deficient mice produced comparable levels of IFN-gamma and IL-4 mRNA and protein. In conclusion, mice with targeted deletion of the IgA switch and constant regions are completely deficient in IgA and exhibit altered expression of other Ig isotypes, notably IgM, IgG2b, IgG3, and IgE, but otherwise have normal lymphocyte development, proliferative responses, and cytokine production.  (+info)

Mucosal immunity to influenza without IgA: an IgA knockout mouse model. (2/207)

IgA knockout mice (IgA-/-) were generated by gene targeting and were used to determine the role of IgA in protection against mucosal infection by influenza and the value of immunization for preferential induction of secretory IgA. Aerosol challenge of naive IgA-/- mice and their wild-type IgA+/+ littermates with sublethal and lethal doses of influenza virus resulted in similar levels of pulmonary virus infection and mortality. Intranasal and i.p. immunization with influenza vaccine plus cholera toxin/cholera toxin B induced significant mucosal and serum influenza hemagglutinin-specific IgA Abs in IgA+/+ (but not IgA-/-) mice as well as IgG and IgM Abs in both IgA-/- and IgA+/+ mice; both exhibited similar levels of pulmonary and nasal virus replication and mortality following a lethal influenza virus challenge. Monoclonal anti-hemagglutinin IgG1, IgG2a, IgM, and polymeric IgA Abs were equally effective in preventing influenza virus infection in IgA-/- mice. These results indicate that IgA is not required for prevention of influenza virus infection and disease. Indeed, while mucosal immunization for selective induction of IgA against influenza may constitute a useful approach for control of influenza and other respiratory viral infections, strategies that stimulate other Igs in addition may be more desirable.  (+info)

Genetic linkage of IgA deficiency to the major histocompatibility complex: evidence for allele segregation distortion, parent-of-origin penetrance differences, and the role of anti-IgA antibodies in disease predisposition. (3/207)

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency (IgAD) is characterized by a defect of terminal lymphocyte differentiation, leading to a lack of IgA in serum and mucosal secretions. Familial clustering, variable population prevalence in different ethnic groups, and a predominant inheritance pattern suggest a strong genetic predisposition to IgAD. The genetic susceptibility to IgAD is shared with a less prevalent, but more profound, defect called "common variable immunodeficiency" (CVID). Here we show an increased allele sharing at 6p21 in affected members of 83 multiplex IgAD/CVID pedigrees and demonstrate, using transmission/diseqilibrium tests, family-based associations indicating the presence of a predisposing locus, designated "IGAD1," in the proximal part of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The recurrence risk of IgAD was found to depend on the sex of parents transmitting the defect: affected mothers were more likely to produce offspring with IgAD than were affected fathers. Carrier mothers but not carrier fathers transmitted IGAD1 alleles more frequently to the affected offspring than would be expected under random segregation. The differential parent-of-origin penetrance is proposed to reflect a maternal effect mediated by the production of anti-IgA antibodies tentatively linked to IGAD1. This is supported by higher frequency of anti-IgA-positive females transmitting the disorder to children, in comparison with female IgAD nontransmitters, and by linkage data in the former group. Such pathogenic mechanisms may be shared by other MHC-linked complex traits associated with the production of specific autoantibodies, parental effects, and a particular MHC haplotype.  (+info)

The significance of IgG subclasses and mannan-binding lectin (MBL) for susceptibility to infection in apparently healthy adults with IgA deficiency. (4/207)

The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of IgG subclasses and MBL for susceptibility to infection in association with IgA deficiency. The study population consisted of 139 apparently healthy adult blood donors with IgA deficiency and normal serum levels of IgG and IgM, and an increased susceptibility to infection demonstrated at a population level. Additionally, 216 controls matched for age and sex were investigated. IgG4 deficiency was more common and the mean level of IgG4 lower in persons with IgA deficiency than in the controls. No significant associations could be demonstrated between overt IgG subclass deficiencies and increased susceptibility to infection. However, when the mean concentrations of IgG subclasses were analysed with regard to medical history, that of IgG1 was lower in persons who reported recurrent viral respiratory infections, that of IgG3 in persons who had episodes of severe infection in their history, and that of IgG4 in persons who had recurrent mild respiratory infections, compared with those who had no particular history of infections. In contrast, MBL deficiency-alone or combined with that of the IgG subclass-was not associated with increased susceptibility to infection in persons with IgA deficiency. The results indicate that the proneness to infections observed in a population of otherwise healthy persons with IgA deficiency can only for a small part be accounted for by concomitant deficiencies of IgG subclasses. Contrary to expectations, no synergism between the deficiencies of IgA and MBL could be demonstrated.  (+info)

HLA class II homozygosity confers susceptibility to common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). (5/207)

Most cases of CVID occur sporadically, but familial cases do also occur and 15% of the patients with the disease have first degree relatives with IgA deficiency (IgAD). Our purpose was to study CVID association with HLA class II alleles and to ascertain whether this disease shares a common genetic background with IgAD in our population. Patients with CVID (n = 42), were typed using gene amplification and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probing for HLA-DRB1, DRB3, DQA1 and DQB1 loci and their typing compared with that of 96 IgAD and 334 healthy controls. We observed a positive association between non-Asp residues at position 57 of the HLA-DQbeta chain and CVID, although much weaker than in IgAD. Further, we found an association between CVID and homozygosity for genes encoding HLA class II molecules, especially HLA-DQ, not seen in IgAD. The data support the hypothesis that a restricted diversity of HLA class II molecules may contribute to susceptibility to CVID.  (+info)

Partial IgA-deficiency with increased Th2-type cytokines in TGF-beta 1 knockout mice. (6/207)

Though it has been shown that TGF-beta 1 directs B cells to switch to IgA in vitro, no studies have assessed TGF-beta 1 effects on mucosal vs systemic immunity in vivo. When the B cell functions of TGF-beta 1 gene-disrupted (TGF-beta 1-/-) mice were analyzed, significantly decreased IgA levels and increased IgG and IgM levels in serum and external secretions were observed. Further, analysis of Ab forming cells (AFC) isolated from both mucosal and systemic lymphoid tissue showed elevated IgM, IgG, and IgE, with decreased IgA AFC. A lack of IgA-committed B cells was seen in TGF-beta 1-/- mice, especially in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Splenic T cells triggered via the TCR expressed elevated Th2-type cytokines and, consistent with this observation, a 31-fold increase in serum IgE was seen in TGF-beta 1-/- mice. Thus, uncontrolled B cell responses, which include elevated IgE levels, a lack of antiinflammatory IgA, and an excess of complement-binding IgG and IgM Abs, will promote inflammation at mucosal surfaces in TGF-beta 1-/- mice and likely contribute to pulmonary and GI tract lesions, ultimately leading to the early death of these mice.  (+info)

A putative susceptibility locus on chromosome 18 is not a major contributor to human selective IgA deficiency: evidence from meiotic mapping of 83 multiple-case families. (7/207)

Previous reports of an association between constitutional chromosome 18 abnormalities and low levels of IgA suggested that this chromosome contains a susceptibility locus for selective IgA deficiency (IgAD), the most frequent Ig deficiency in humans. IgAD is genetically related to common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), characterized by a lack of additional isotypes. Our previous linkage analysis of 83 multiple-case IgAD/CVID families containing 449 informative pedigree members showed a significantly increased allele sharing in the chromosome region 6p21 consistent with allelic associations in family-based and case-control studies and provided the evidence for a predisposing locus, termed IGAD1, in the proximal part of the MHC. We have typed the same family material at 17 chromosome 18 marker loci with the average intermarker distance of 7 cM. A total of 7633 genotypes were analyzed in a nonparametric linkage analysis, but none of the marker loci exhibited a significantly increased allele sharing in affected family members. In addition, reverse painting and deletion mapping of a panel of constitutional chromosome 18 deletions/translocations showed the presence of IgA-deficient and IgA-proficient patients with the same abnormality and did not reveal a region commonly deleted. The linkage analysis of chromosome 8 and 21 regions involved in reciprocal translocations t(8;18) and t(18;21), which were identified in two patients lacking IgA, did not disclose a significant allele sharing. Although these results do not exclude the presence of a minor predisposing locus on this chromosome, such a putative locus would confer a population risk of developing IgAD/CVID much lower than IGAD1.  (+info)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay applicable to screen blood donors for IgA deficiency. (8/207)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In order to build panels of IgA deficient blood donors, an assay is described that is sensitive, inexpensive and easily adaptable to the automated sample processors and turnaround times of blood banks. DESIGN AND METHODS: We developed a two-step enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) carried out in microwell plates coated with rabbit anti-human IgA antibody. Captured IgA was revealed with the same antibody conjugated to horseradish-peroxidase. The assay was adapted to the automatic pipetting system and ELISA processors used in routine blood donor screening. RESULTS: The assay sensitivity was 0.1 microg/mL. Intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) for IgA concentrations between 0.1 and 100 microg/mL ranged from 0.69% to 3.80%. The median interassay CV was 3.05% (range: 1.2-7.9%). Coated plates can be stored frozen for at least 3 months without any loss in performance. The assay takes around 80 min to be performed. By using this ELISA we found 32 IgA-deficient individuals among 20,000 blood donors (prevalence 1:625). INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: The ELISA has a good sensitivity, is reproducible, precise and timesaving. It is easily adaptable to the automated sample processors and operating procedures used in blood banks. This facilitates the building of panels of IgA-deficient blood donors.  (+info)

IgA deficiency is a condition characterized by significantly reduced levels or absence of secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA), an important antibody that plays a crucial role in the immune function of mucous membranes lining the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. IgA helps to prevent the attachment and multiplication of pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, on these surfaces.

In individuals with IgA deficiency, the lack of adequate IgA levels makes them more susceptible to recurrent infections, allergies, and autoimmune disorders. The condition can be asymptomatic or may present with various symptoms, such as respiratory tract infections, gastrointestinal issues, and chronic sinusitis. IgA deficiency is typically diagnosed through blood tests that measure the immunoglobulin levels. While there is no cure for IgA deficiency, treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing infections through medications, immunizations, and lifestyle modifications.

Dysgammaglobulinemia is a medical term that refers to an abnormal gamma globulin or immunoglobulin (antibody) level in the blood. Gamma globulins are proteins that play a crucial role in the immune system and help fight off infections. Immunoglobulins are classified into five types (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM), each with a specific function in the immune response.

In dysgammaglobulinemia, there is an imbalance in the levels of these immunoglobulins, which can be either elevated or decreased. This condition can result from various underlying causes, including genetic disorders, autoimmune diseases, infections, and malignancies that affect the bone marrow or lymphatic system.

Depending on the specific pattern of immunoglobulin levels, dysgammaglobulinemia can be further classified into different types, such as:

1. Hypogammaglobulinemia - a decrease in one or more classes of immunoglobulins
2. Agammaglobulinemia - a severe deficiency or absence of all classes of immunoglobulins
3. Hypergammaglobulinemia - an elevation of one or more classes of immunoglobulins

Dysgammaglobulinemia can lead to increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmune disorders, and other health complications. Therefore, it is essential to identify the underlying cause and provide appropriate treatment to manage the condition and prevent further complications.

IgG deficiency is a type of immunodeficiency disorder characterized by reduced levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in the blood. IgG is the most common type of antibody in our body and plays a crucial role in fighting against infections.

There are four subclasses of IgG (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4), and a deficiency in one or more of these subclasses can lead to recurrent infections, particularly of the respiratory tract, such as sinusitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia. People with IgG deficiency may also be more susceptible to autoimmune diseases and allergies.

IgG deficiency can be inherited or acquired, and it is usually diagnosed through blood tests that measure the levels of IgG and other immunoglobulins in the blood. Treatment typically involves preventing infections through vaccinations, antibiotics to treat infections, and in some cases, replacement therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to boost the immune system.

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a type of antibody that plays a crucial role in the immune function of the human body. It is primarily found in external secretions, such as saliva, tears, breast milk, and sweat, as well as in mucous membranes lining the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. IgA exists in two forms: a monomeric form found in serum and a polymeric form found in secretions.

The primary function of IgA is to provide immune protection at mucosal surfaces, which are exposed to various environmental antigens, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and allergens. By doing so, it helps prevent the entry and colonization of pathogens into the body, reducing the risk of infections and inflammation.

IgA functions by binding to antigens present on the surface of pathogens or allergens, forming immune complexes that can neutralize their activity. These complexes are then transported across the epithelial cells lining mucosal surfaces and released into the lumen, where they prevent the adherence and invasion of pathogens.

In summary, Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a vital antibody that provides immune defense at mucosal surfaces by neutralizing and preventing the entry of harmful antigens into the body.

Immunologic deficiency syndromes refer to a group of disorders characterized by defective functioning of the immune system, leading to increased susceptibility to infections and malignancies. These deficiencies can be primary (genetic or congenital) or secondary (acquired due to environmental factors, medications, or diseases).

Primary immunodeficiency syndromes (PIDS) are caused by inherited genetic mutations that affect the development and function of immune cells, such as T cells, B cells, and phagocytes. Examples include severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, and X-linked agammaglobulinemia.

Secondary immunodeficiency syndromes can result from various factors, including:

1. HIV/AIDS: Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection leads to the depletion of CD4+ T cells, causing profound immune dysfunction and increased vulnerability to opportunistic infections and malignancies.
2. Medications: Certain medications, such as chemotherapy, immunosuppressive drugs, and long-term corticosteroid use, can impair immune function and increase infection risk.
3. Malnutrition: Deficiencies in essential nutrients like protein, vitamins, and minerals can weaken the immune system and make individuals more susceptible to infections.
4. Aging: The immune system naturally declines with age, leading to an increased incidence of infections and poorer vaccine responses in older adults.
5. Other medical conditions: Chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and chronic kidney or liver disease can also compromise the immune system and contribute to immunodeficiency syndromes.

Immunologic deficiency syndromes require appropriate diagnosis and management strategies, which may include antimicrobial therapy, immunoglobulin replacement, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, or targeted treatments for the underlying cause.

Agammaglobulinemia is a medical condition characterized by a severe deficiency or complete absence of gamma globulins (a type of antibodies) in the blood. This deficiency results from a lack of functional B cells, which are a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies to help fight off infections.

There are two main types of agammaglobulinemia: X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) and autosomal recessive agammaglobulinemia (ARA). XLA is caused by mutations in the BTK gene and primarily affects males, while ARA is caused by mutations in other genes and can affect both males and females.

People with agammaglobulinemia are at increased risk for recurrent bacterial infections, particularly respiratory tract infections such as pneumonia and sinusitis. They may also be more susceptible to certain viral and parasitic infections. Treatment typically involves replacement therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to provide the patient with functional antibodies.

Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) is a type of primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by reduced levels of immunoglobulins (also known as antibodies) in the blood, which makes an individual more susceptible to infections. The term "common" refers to its prevalence compared to other types of immunodeficiencies, and "variable" indicates the variability in the severity and types of symptoms among affected individuals.

Immunoglobulins are proteins produced by the immune system to help fight off infections caused by bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. In CVID, there is a deficiency in the production or function of these immunoglobulins, particularly IgG, IgA, and/or IgM. This results in recurrent infections, chronic inflammation, and an increased risk of developing autoimmune disorders and cancer.

Symptoms of CVID can include:

1. Recurrent sinus, ear, and lung infections
2. Gastrointestinal issues, such as diarrhea, bloating, and malabsorption
3. Autoimmune disorders, like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or inflammatory bowel disease
4. Increased risk of certain cancers, particularly lymphomas
5. Fatigue and poor growth in children
6. Delayed puberty in adolescents
7. Lung damage due to recurrent infections
8. Poor response to vaccinations

The exact cause of CVID is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to genetic factors. In some cases, a family history of immunodeficiency disorders may be present. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure immunoglobulin levels and other immune system components, as well as genetic testing to identify any known genetic mutations associated with CVID. Treatment usually consists of regular infusions of immunoglobulins to replace the missing antibodies and help prevent infections.

Celiac disease is a genetic autoimmune disorder in which the consumption of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, leads to damage in the small intestine. In people with celiac disease, their immune system reacts to gluten by attacking the lining of the small intestine, leading to inflammation and destruction of the villi - finger-like projections that help absorb nutrients from food.

This damage can result in various symptoms such as diarrhea, bloating, fatigue, anemia, and malnutrition. Over time, if left untreated, celiac disease can lead to serious health complications, including osteoporosis, infertility, neurological disorders, and even certain types of cancer.

The only treatment for celiac disease is a strict gluten-free diet, which involves avoiding all foods, beverages, and products that contain gluten. With proper management, individuals with celiac disease can lead healthy lives and prevent further intestinal damage and related health complications.

Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Secretory is a type of antibody that plays a crucial role in the immune function of mucous membranes. These membranes line various body openings, such as the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, and serve to protect the body from potential pathogens by producing mucus.

Secretory IgA (SIgA) is the primary immunoglobulin found in secretions of the mucous membranes, and it is produced by a special type of immune cell called plasma cells located in the lamina propria, a layer of tissue beneath the epithelial cells that line the mucosal surfaces.

SIgA exists as a dimer, consisting of two IgA molecules linked together by a protein called the J chain. This complex is then transported across the epithelial cell layer to the luminal surface, where it becomes associated with another protein called the secretory component (SC). The SC protects the SIgA from degradation by enzymes and helps it maintain its function in the harsh environment of the mucosal surfaces.

SIgA functions by preventing the attachment and entry of pathogens into the body, thereby neutralizing their infectivity. It can also agglutinate (clump together) microorganisms, making them more susceptible to removal by mucociliary clearance or peristalsis. Furthermore, SIgA can modulate immune responses and contribute to the development of oral tolerance, which is important for maintaining immune homeostasis in the gut.

Immunoglobulins (Igs), also known as antibodies, are glycoprotein molecules produced by the immune system's B cells in response to the presence of foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, and toxins. These Y-shaped proteins play a crucial role in identifying and neutralizing pathogens and other antigens, thereby protecting the body against infection and disease.

Immunoglobulins are composed of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. The variable regions of these chains form the antigen-binding sites, which recognize and bind to specific epitopes on antigens. Based on their heavy chain type, immunoglobulins are classified into five main isotypes or classes: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM. Each class has distinct functions in the immune response, such as providing protection in different body fluids and tissues, mediating hypersensitivity reactions, and aiding in the development of immunological memory.

In medical settings, immunoglobulins can be administered therapeutically to provide passive immunity against certain diseases or to treat immune deficiencies, autoimmune disorders, and other conditions that may benefit from immunomodulation.

IGA glomerulonephritis (also known as Berger's disease) is a type of glomerulonephritis, which is a condition characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli, the tiny filtering units in the kidneys. In IgA glomerulonephritis, the immune system produces an abnormal amount of IgA antibodies, which deposit in the glomeruli and cause inflammation. This can lead to symptoms such as blood in the urine, protein in the urine, and swelling in the legs and feet. In some cases, it can also lead to kidney failure. The exact cause of IgA glomerulonephritis is not known, but it is often associated with other conditions such as infections, autoimmune diseases, and certain medications.

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody, which is a protective protein produced by the immune system in response to foreign substances like bacteria or viruses. IgG is the most abundant type of antibody in human blood, making up about 75-80% of all antibodies. It is found in all body fluids and plays a crucial role in fighting infections caused by bacteria, viruses, and toxins.

IgG has several important functions:

1. Neutralization: IgG can bind to the surface of bacteria or viruses, preventing them from attaching to and infecting human cells.
2. Opsonization: IgG coats the surface of pathogens, making them more recognizable and easier for immune cells like neutrophils and macrophages to phagocytose (engulf and destroy) them.
3. Complement activation: IgG can activate the complement system, a group of proteins that work together to help eliminate pathogens from the body. Activation of the complement system leads to the formation of the membrane attack complex, which creates holes in the cell membranes of bacteria, leading to their lysis (destruction).
4. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC): IgG can bind to immune cells like natural killer (NK) cells and trigger them to release substances that cause target cells (such as virus-infected or cancerous cells) to undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death).
5. Immune complex formation: IgG can form immune complexes with antigens, which can then be removed from the body through various mechanisms, such as phagocytosis by immune cells or excretion in urine.

IgG is a critical component of adaptive immunity and provides long-lasting protection against reinfection with many pathogens. It has four subclasses (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) that differ in their structure, function, and distribution in the body.

Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is a type of antibody that is primarily found in the blood and lymph fluid. It is the first antibody to be produced in response to an initial exposure to an antigen, making it an important part of the body's primary immune response. IgM antibodies are large molecules that are composed of five basic units, giving them a pentameric structure. They are primarily found on the surface of B cells as membrane-bound immunoglobulins (mlgM), where they function as receptors for antigens. Once an mlgM receptor binds to an antigen, it triggers the activation and differentiation of the B cell into a plasma cell that produces and secretes large amounts of soluble IgM antibodies.

IgM antibodies are particularly effective at agglutination (clumping) and complement activation, which makes them important in the early stages of an immune response to help clear pathogens from the bloodstream. However, they are not as stable or long-lived as other types of antibodies, such as IgG, and their levels tend to decline after the initial immune response has occurred.

In summary, Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is a type of antibody that plays a crucial role in the primary immune response to antigens by agglutination and complement activation. It is primarily found in the blood and lymph fluid, and it is produced by B cells after they are activated by an antigen.

Tabes dorsalis is a late-stage complication of untreated neurosyphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It is characterized by degeneration of the posterior columns and dorsal roots of the spinal cord, leading to various neurological symptoms.

The medical definition of Tabes Dorsalis is:

A chronic progressive degenerative disease of the spinal cord, specifically affecting the dorsal root ganglia and posterior columns, caused by the tertiary stage of syphilis. The condition is characterized by a combination of motor, sensory, and autonomic disturbances, including ataxia, Romberg's sign, lightning pains, hypo- or areflexia, impaired proprioception, dissociated sensations, and Argyll Robertson pupils. If left untreated, Tabes Dorsalis can lead to significant disability and even death.

Immunoglobulin D (IgD) is a type of antibody that is present in the blood and other bodily fluids. It is one of the five classes of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM) found in humans and plays a role in the immune response.

IgD is produced by B cells, a type of white blood cell that is responsible for producing antibodies. It is primarily found on the surface of mature B cells, where it functions as a receptor for antigens (foreign substances that trigger an immune response). When an antigen binds to IgD on the surface of a B cell, it activates the B cell and stimulates it to produce and secrete antibodies specific to that antigen.

IgD is found in relatively low concentrations in the blood compared to other immunoglobulins, and its precise functions are not fully understood. However, it is thought to play a role in the regulation of B cell activation and the immune response. Additionally, some research suggests that IgD may have a direct role in protecting against certain types of infections.

It's worth noting that genetic deficiencies in IgD are not typically associated with any significant immunological abnormalities or increased susceptibility to infection.

The Immunoglobulin (Ig) switch region, also known as the switch (S) region or switch area, is a segment of DNA located within the heavy chain constant region (Cμ, Cδ, Cγ, Cε, and Cα) genes of the immunoglobulin locus. These regions are found in chromosome 14 in humans.

The Ig switch regions are crucial for antibody class switching, a process that allows B cells to change the type of heavy chain constant region (Cμ, Cδ, Cγ, Cε, or Cα) expressed in their immunoglobulin, thus modifying the effector functions of the antibodies they produce without altering their antigen specificity. This mechanism enables the immune system to generate a more diverse response against various pathogens and adapt to new challenges.

The switch regions are composed of repetitive DNA sequences that vary in length and sequence between different immunoglobulin isotypes (IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA, and IgE). During class switching, an activated B cell utilizes the enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) to introduce DNA double-strand breaks within a specific switch region. The broken ends of the DNA are then joined together through a process called class switch recombination (CSR), resulting in the deletion of the intervening DNA and the fusion of the upstream V(D)J region with a new downstream constant region gene, thereby altering the isotype of the expressed antibody.

Immunoglobulin J-chains are small protein structures that play a role in the assembly and structure of certain types of antibodies, specifically IgM and IgA. The J-chain is a polypeptide chain that contains multiple cysteine residues, which allow it to form disulfide bonds with the heavy chains of IgM and IgA molecules.

In IgM antibodies, the J-chain helps to link the five identical heavy chain units together to form a pentameric structure. In IgA antibodies, the J-chain links two dimeric structures together to form a tetrameric structure. This polymerization of IgM and IgA molecules is important for their function in the immune system, as it allows them to form large complexes that can effectively agglutinate and neutralize pathogens.

The J-chain is synthesized by a specialized group of B cells called plasma cells, which are responsible for producing and secreting antibodies. Once synthesized, the J-chain is covalently linked to the heavy chains of IgM or IgA molecules during their assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum of the plasma cell.

Overall, the Immunoglobulin J-chain plays a crucial role in the structure and function of certain classes of antibodies, contributing to their ability to effectively combat pathogens and protect the body from infection.

Gliadin is a protein fraction found in gluten, a complex protein that's present in certain grains such as wheat, barley, and rye. It is particularly known for its role in celiac disease, a disorder where the ingestion of gluten leads to an immune response that damages the lining of the small intestine.

Gliadin, along with another protein fraction called glutenin, makes up gluten. Gliadin is responsible for the elastic properties of dough. When water is added to flour and mixed, these proteins form a sticky network that gives dough its characteristic texture and allows it to rise and maintain its shape during baking.

In individuals with celiac disease, the immune system recognizes gliadin as a foreign invader and mounts an immune response against it. This response leads to inflammation and damage in the small intestine, preventing the absorption of nutrients from food. Over time, this can lead to various health complications if not properly managed through a gluten-free diet.

An antigen-antibody complex is a type of immune complex that forms when an antibody binds to a specific antigen. An antigen is any substance that triggers an immune response, while an antibody is a protein produced by the immune system to neutralize or destroy foreign substances like antigens.

When an antibody binds to an antigen, it forms a complex that can be either soluble or insoluble. Soluble complexes are formed when the antigen is small and can move freely through the bloodstream. Insoluble complexes, on the other hand, are formed when the antigen is too large to move freely, such as when it is part of a bacterium or virus.

The formation of antigen-antibody complexes plays an important role in the immune response. Once formed, these complexes can be recognized and cleared by other components of the immune system, such as phagocytes, which help to prevent further damage to the body. However, in some cases, the formation of large numbers of antigen-antibody complexes can lead to inflammation and tissue damage, contributing to the development of certain autoimmune diseases.

Immunoglobulin constant regions are the invariant portions of antibody molecules (immunoglobulins) that are identical in all antibodies of the same isotype. These regions are responsible for effector functions such as complement activation, binding to Fc receptors, and initiating immune responses. They are composed of amino acid sequences that remain unchanged during antigen-driven somatic hypermutation, allowing them to interact with various components of the immune system. The constant regions are found in the heavy chains (CH) and light chains (CL) of an immunoglobulin molecule. In contrast, the variable regions are responsible for recognizing and binding to specific antigens.

Transglutaminases are a family of enzymes that catalyze the post-translational modification of proteins by forming isopeptide bonds between the carboxamide group of peptide-bound glutamine residues and the ε-amino group of lysine residues. This process is known as transamidation or cross-linking. Transglutaminases play important roles in various biological processes, including cell signaling, differentiation, apoptosis, and tissue repair. There are several types of transglutaminases, such as tissue transglutaminase (TG2), factor XIII, and blood coagulation factor XIIIA. Abnormal activity or expression of these enzymes has been implicated in various diseases, such as celiac disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer.

Immunoglobulin class switching, also known as isotype switching or class switch recombination (CSR), is a biological process that occurs in B lymphocytes as part of the adaptive immune response. This mechanism allows a mature B cell to change the type of antibody it produces from one class to another (e.g., from IgM to IgG, IgA, or IgE) while keeping the same antigen-binding specificity.

During immunoglobulin class switching, the constant region genes of the heavy chain undergo a DNA recombination event, which results in the deletion of the original constant region exons and the addition of new constant region exons downstream. This switch allows the B cell to express different effector functions through the production of antibodies with distinct constant regions, tailoring the immune response to eliminate pathogens more effectively. The process is regulated by various cytokines and signals from T cells and is critical for mounting an effective humoral immune response.

Autoantibodies are defined as antibodies that are produced by the immune system and target the body's own cells, tissues, or organs. These antibodies mistakenly identify certain proteins or molecules in the body as foreign invaders and attack them, leading to an autoimmune response. Autoantibodies can be found in various autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and thyroiditis. The presence of autoantibodies can also be used as a diagnostic marker for certain conditions.

Crabbé P, Heremans J (1967). "Selective IgA deficiency with steatorrhea. A new syndrome". Am J Med. 42 (2): 319-26. doi:10.1016 ... Collin P, Mäki M, Keyriläinen O, Hällström O, Reunala T, Pasternack A (1992). "Selective IgA deficiency and coeliac disease". ... The IgG antibody is similar to AGA IgA, but is found at higher levels in patients with the IgA-less phenotype. It is also ... Bateman EA, Ferry BL, Hall A, Misbah SA, Anderson R, Kelleher P (2004). "IgA antibodies of coeliac disease patients recognise a ...
Guidelines recommend that a total serum IgA level is checked in parallel, as people with coeliac with IgA deficiency may be ... ISBN 978-1-4614-8559-9. Cunningham-Rundles C (September 2001). "Physiology of IgA and IgA deficiency". J. Clin. Immunol. 21 (5 ... IgA deficiency is present in 2.3% of people with coeliac disease, and is itself associated with a tenfold increased risk of ... IgG class anti-DGP antibodies may be useful in people with IgA deficiency. In children younger than two years, anti-DGP ...
First to fully describe IgA deficiency. IgM deficiency selective deficiency to staphylococci. Early to recognise a circulating ... now IgA deficiency) Lancet i1968 110-114 Hobbs, J.R. IgM Deficiency (1975) Birth Defects: Original Article Series IX, 1, 112-6 ... Defined secondary deficiencies of B-cells> and T-cells and their possible treatments predictable by cytofluorometry In Bone ... 1972) Nature New Biology 235, 177-178 Hobbs, J.R. Secondary antibody deficiency,1968 Proc.R.Soc.Med. 61, 883-887 Hobbs, J.R. ...
... is also associated with induction of reversible IgA deficiency. Phenytoin may increase risk of suicidal thoughts or ... Gilhus NE, Aarli JA (1981). "The reversibility of phenytoin-induced IgA deficiency". Journal of Neurology. 226 (1): 53-61. doi: ... Vitamin D deficiency, as well as low calcium and phosphate in the blood cause decreased bone mineral density. Phenytoin is an ... Phenytoin acts by inhibiting this enzyme, thereby causing folate deficiency, and thus megaloblastic anemia. Other side effects ...
"TACI is mutant in common variable immunodeficiency and IgA deficiency". Nature Genetics. 37 (8): 829-34. doi:10.1038/ng1601. ...
Use is not recommended in people with some types of IgA deficiency. Use appears to be relatively safe during pregnancy. Human ... to IgG subclass deficiencies (usually involving IgG2 or IgG3), to other disorders in which antibodies are within a normal ... congenital acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) with recurrent bacterial infections. and for the immunomodulation in ... immunoglobulin-G-subclass deficiencies with recurrent infections; replacement therapy in myeloma or chronic lymphocytic ...
Ambrus M, Hernádi E, Bajtai G (May 1977). "Prevalence of HLA-A1 and HLA-B8 antigens in selective IgA deficiency". Clin. Immunol ... Ostergaard PA, Eriksen J (August 1979). "Association between HLA-A1,B8 in children with extrinsic asthma and IgA deficiency". ... but not with deficiency of serum IgA". Tissue Antigens. 23 (5): 280-3. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1984.tb00046.x. PMID 6611606. ... However, some of this reaction can be attributed to the linkage of the HLA A1-B8-DR3-DQ2 haplotype to the IgA-less phenotype. A ...
Antibody deficiencies are also common, including common variable immunodeficiency and IgA deficiency. T-cell immunity is normal ... Wolf U, Reinwein H, Porsch R, Schröter R, Baitsch H (1965). "[Deficiency on the short arms of a chromosome No. 4]". ... Hanley-Lopez J, Estabrooks LL, Stiehm R (July 1998). "Antibody deficiency in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome". The Journal of ...
"Family and linkage study of selective IgA deficiency and common variable immunodeficiency". Clinical Immunology and ... immunoglobulin deficiencies, T-cell defects, and internal medicine. Paganelli is the section editor-in-chief for the journal ... his 2005 study linked positive family history to a higher risk for immunoglobulin A deficiency and common variable ... his analysis of patients with ataxia-telangiectasia revealed a range of immune system abnormalities including deficiencies in ...
September 2010). "Association of IFIH1 and other autoimmunity risk alleles with selective IgA deficiency". Nature Genetics. 42 ...
IgA deficiency is an exception, and is present in 1 in 500 people. Some of the more frequently seen forms of PID include common ... Immune deficiencies can result in persistent or recurring infections, auto-inflammatory disorders, tumors, and disorders of ... By definition, primary immune deficiencies are due to genetic causes. They may result from a single genetic defect, but most ... Although there is a therapeutic option, gene therapy which has been in a trial for few immune deficiencies affecting the ...
2010). "Association of IFIH1 and other autoimmunity risk alleles with selective IgA deficiency". Nat. Genet. 42 (9): 777-80. ...
Finally, IgA deficiency is also sometimes associated with the development of autoimmune and atopic phenomena. Patients with ... T cell deficiency, often causes secondary disorders such as acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Granulocyte deficiency ... Humoral immune deficiency (including B cell deficiency or dysfunction), with signs or symptoms depending on the cause, but ... Some deficiencies cause early mortality (before age one), others with or even without treatment are lifelong conditions that ...
Pathogenesis of IgA Deficiency 'In IgA-deficient patients, the common finding is a maturation defect in B cells to produce IgA ... Patients with Selective IgA deficiency rarely have severe reactions to blood transfusions. Although Selective IgA deficiency is ... Cunningham-Rundles C. (1990). "Genetic Aspects of IgA Deficiency". Adv Hum. Genet. Yel, L. (2010). "Selective IgA Deficiency". ... Selective IgA and CVID are found in the same family. Selective IgA deficiency is inherited in less than half of cases, but has ...
Finally, IgA deficiency is also sometimes associated with the development of autoimmune and atopic phenomena.[citation needed] ... patients are advised to avoid sunlight which may be responsible for vitamin D deficiency seen in this disease. Polymorphisms in ...
Hauser GJ, Heiman I, Laurian L, Diamant S, Spirer Z (1981). "Selective IgA deficiency with multiple autoimmune disorders". ... Deficiency - Selenium and zinc deficiencies may play a role increasing risk of cancer. Selenium deficiency may also be an ... Anti-gliadin IgA antibodies are found also more commonly in patients with IgA Nephropathy. The paper finds a link between GSE ... Iron-deficiency anemia. Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) may be the only symptom for CD, detected in subclinical CD and is ...
Greater care should be taken in people with protein S deficiency, IgA deficiency, or heart failure. Fresh frozen plasma is made ... Use in antithrombin III deficiency: FFP can be used as a source of antithrombin III in patients who are deficient of this ... Single-donor plasma is efficacious in the treatment of mild deficiencies of stable clotting factors. It also is of value in ... Indications for the use of FFP include the following: Replacement of isolated factor deficiencies: FFP is used to treat rare ...
Schaffer F, Palermos J, Zhu Z, Barger B, Cooper M, Volanakis J (1989). "Individuals with IgA deficiency and common variable ... Klemola T, Savilahti E, Koskimies S, Pelkonen P (1988). "HLA antigens in IgA deficient paediatric patients". Tissue Antigens. ... DQ2.5 is also linked to the IgA-less phenotype which may or may not increase susceptibility to diseases. This imposes a problem ...
IgA deficiency occurs in 1:500 of the population, as is suggested by a pallor in the gamma zone. Of note, hypogammaglobulinema ... IgA has the most anodal mobility and typically migrates in the region between the beta and gamma zones also causing a beta/ ... Note that immunoglobulins may also be found in other zones; IgA typically migrates in the beta-gamma zone, and in particular, ... A decreased band is seen in the deficiency state. It is decreased in the nephrotic syndrome and absence could indicate possible ...
Certain other immune deficiency states (e.g. common variable immunodeficiency and IgA deficiency) are also associated with ... December 2002). "Cancer risk among patients with IgA deficiency or common variable immunodeficiency and their relatives: a ...
... selective IgA deficiency and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Numerous studies have shown that erythrocyte ... It is believed that lead induced deficiency of the enzyme in maturing erythroid cells is responsible for basophilic stippling ... Boss GR, Thompson LF, O'Connor RD, Ziering RW, Seegmiller JE (April 1981). "Ecto-5'-nucleotidase deficiency: association with ... Such diseases include severe combined immuno-deficiency, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, congenital X-linked agammaglobulinemia, ...
CD19 deficiency, TACI (TNFRSF13B) deficiency, BAFF receptor deficiency. Normal numbers of B cells with decreased IgG and IgA ... btk deficiency, or Bruton's agammaglobulinemia), μ-Heavy chain deficiency, l 5 deficiency, Igα deficiency, BLNK deficiency, ... kappa chain deficiency, isolated IgG subclass deficiency, IgA with IgG subsclass deficiency, selective immunoglobulin A ... The most common such immunodeficiency is inherited selective IgA deficiency, occurring between 1 in 100 and 1 in 1000 persons, ...
... only to find out later they actually have selective IgA deficiency. Thus, another possible cause of false positives in a ... commonly seen in EBV infection as well as selective IgA deficiency. Heterophile antigen An immunoassay is a biochemical test, ... "Frequent false positive beta human chorionic gonadotropin tests in immunoglobulin A deficiency". Clinical and Experimental ...
Various proteins, such as antibodies directed against IgA or haptoglobin in people with IgA and haptoglobin deficiency have ... However, the literature is scarce and conflicting as passive infusion of anti-IgA antibodies in to recipients has not been ...
IgA deficiency MeSH C20.673.430.750 - IgG deficiency MeSH C20.673.480.040 - acquired immunodeficiency syndrome MeSH C20.673. ...
... the influence of maternal anti-IgA antibodies on the occurrence of IgA deficiency in the offspring. He and colleagues first ... he demonstrated the relationship of IgA deficiency in childhood rheumatic diseases, ...
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura Iduronate 2-sulfatase deficiency IFAP syndrome IgA deficiency IgA nephropathy IgA ... congenital deficiency of Iodine antenatal infection Iodine deficiency Iophobia Iridocyclitis Iridogoniodysgenesis, dominant ... deficiency Internal carotid agenesis Intraocular lymphoma Interstitial cystitis Interstitial lung disease Interstitial ... Kartagener type Immune deficiency, familial variable Immune thrombocytopenia Immunodeficiency, primary Immunodeficiency, ...
IgA deficiencies, heterophile antibodies, enterocystoplasties, gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTD), and gestational ...
... because people with DOCK8 deficiency have low levels of IgM and an impaired secondary immune response. IgG and IgA levels are ... The signs and symptoms of DOCK8 deficiency are similar to the autosomal dominant form, STAT3 deficiency. However, in DOCK8 ... Children with DOCK8 deficiency do not tend to live long; sepsis is a common cause of death at a young age. CNS and vascular ... DOCK8 deficiency is very rare, estimated to be found in less than one person per million; there have been 32 patients diagnosed ...
Patients show markedly low immunoglobulin levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM. A new investigation has identified a seemingly ... LRBA deficiency presents as a syndrome of autoimmunity, lymphoproliferation, and humoral immune deficiency. Predominant ... LRBA deficiency is a rare genetic disorder of the immune system. This disorder is caused by a mutation in the gene LRBA. LRBA ... LRBA deficiency is caused by biallelic loss-of-function mutations in the gene LRBA. LRBA maps to human chromosome 4q31.3, has ...
Selective deficiency of IgA is the most common immune deficiency disorder. People with this disorder have a low or absent level ... Selective deficiency of IgA is the most common immune deficiency disorder. People with this disorder have a low or absent level ... IgA deficiency; Immunodepressed - IgA deficiency; Immunosuppressed - IgA deficiency; Hypogammaglobulinemia - IgA deficiency; ... Selective IgA deficiency is less harmful than many other immunodeficiency diseases.. Some people with IgA deficiency will ...
4] The most common IgG-subclass deficiency associated with IgA deficiency is that of IgG2. IgA-IgG2 deficiency can also be seen ... encoded search term (IgA and IgG Subclass Deficiencies) and IgA and IgG Subclass Deficiencies What to Read Next on Medscape ... When IgA-bearing B lymphocytes fail to mature into IgA-secreting plasma cells, serum IgA levels are reduced, and specific IgA ... IgA deficiency: clinical correlates with IgG subclass and mannan-binding lectin deficiencies. P R Health Sci J. 2005 Jun. 24(2 ...
The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you. ...
The following conditions are other congenital B-cell immunodeficiencies that serve as differential diagnoses for selective IgA ... Selective IgA Deficiency. Selective immunoglobulin A ( IgA IgA Represents 15-20% of the human serum immunoglobulins, mostly as ... Mayo Clinic (2020). Selective IgA deficiency. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/selective-iga-deficiency/diagnosis ... Secretory iga is the main immunoglobulin in secretions. Immunoglobulins: Types and Functions. deficiency):* Cytomegalovirus ...
2014 Protein Structure and Bioinformatics, last updated 11.11.2010 10:51 ...
IgG2 is the most common IgG subclass deficiency. It occurs either alone or with IgG4 or IgA deficiency. Its hallmark is the ... B cells from patients with IgA deficiency activated via CD40 and interleukin-10 can synthesize and secrete IgA. Defective ... CVID and IgA deficiency have no sex predilection, but familial clustering and a frequent association with autoimmune disorders ... The primary defect in selective IgA deficiency is related to a failure of B cells to differentiate to mature isotype-switched ...
Other Iga products are available in stock. Specificity: Iga Category: And Group: Igm Deficiency ... Cytomegalovirus Laboratories manufactures the iga and igm deficiency reagents distributed by Genprice. The Iga And Igm ... dna bts gelsemium homeopathic gels iga gels iga st henry ohio gels kitchen gelsons instacart gelsons market gelsons rancho ... Excision Repair Cross Complementing Rodent Repair Deficiency Complementation 1 (ERCC1) Antibody. abx232832-100ug Abbexa 100 ug ...
4] The most common IgG-subclass deficiency associated with IgA deficiency is that of IgG2. IgA-IgG2 deficiency can also be seen ... encoded search term (IgA and IgG Subclass Deficiencies) and IgA and IgG Subclass Deficiencies What to Read Next on Medscape ... When IgA-bearing B lymphocytes fail to mature into IgA-secreting plasma cells, serum IgA levels are reduced, and specific IgA ... IgA deficiency: clinical correlates with IgG subclass and mannan-binding lectin deficiencies. P R Health Sci J. 2005 Jun. 24(2 ...
Selective IgA Deficiency - Etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, signs, diagnosis & prognosis from the MSD Manuals - Medical ... Blood products that contain IgA are avoided in patients with IgA deficiency because IgA can elicit an anti-IgA-mediated ... Symptoms and Signs of Selective IgA Deficiency Most patients with selective IgA deficiency are asymptomatic; others have ... Selective IgA deficiency is an IgA level < 7 mg/dL (< 70 mg/L, < 0.4375 micromol/liter) with normal IgG and IgM levels. It is ...
Defective formation of IgA memory B cells, Th1 and Th17 cells in symptomatic patients with selective IgA deficiency. In: ... Defective formation of IgA memory B cells, Th1 and Th17 cells in symptomatic patients with selective IgA deficiency. / ... Defective formation of IgA memory B cells, Th1 and Th17 cells in symptomatic patients with selective IgA deficiency. Clinical ... Defective formation of IgA memory B cells, Th1 and Th17 cells in symptomatic patients with selective IgA deficiency. ...
Selective IgA deficiency - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic. Common autoimmune conditions found with IgA deficiency include ...
with IgA deficiency; do not mass (deltoid, gluteal). administered ,=2 weeks administer within 2 weeks after exposure. after MMR ... Persons immunocompromised because of immune deficiency diseases, HIV infection (who should primarily not receive BCG, OPV, and ...
Crabbé P, Heremans J (1967). "Selective IgA deficiency with steatorrhea. A new syndrome". Am J Med. 42 (2): 319-26. doi:10.1016 ... Collin P, Mäki M, Keyriläinen O, Hällström O, Reunala T, Pasternack A (1992). "Selective IgA deficiency and coeliac disease". ... The IgG antibody is similar to AGA IgA, but is found at higher levels in patients with the IgA-less phenotype. It is also ... Bateman EA, Ferry BL, Hall A, Misbah SA, Anderson R, Kelleher P (2004). "IgA antibodies of coeliac disease patients recognise a ...
IgA deficiency. Cured. NA. NA. NA. 23/M. Latin America. 1. IgA deficiency. Cured‡. NA. NA. NA. ... IgA deficiency. Failed. Failed. Cured. NA. 61/M. Israel. 1. ...
Sugerman treats Common Variable Immune Deficiency (CVID) more than 84% of their peers ...
IgA-deficient individuals are distinctly more likely to become ill and have one or more of specific groups o … ... IgA deficiency is one of the most common of all immune defects. While it is often not associated with clinical illness, ... IgA deficiency can be inherited in an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive fashion, but most individuals who are IgA ... While the unifying immunologic perturbation in IgA deficiency is a lack of mature IgA-secreting B cells, a host of other, ...
IgA deficiency. *Severe deficiency of Protein S. *History of hypersensitivity to fresh frozen plasma (FFP) or to plasma-derived ... Replacement of coagulation factors in patients with acquired deficiencies due to liver disease or undergoing cardiac surgery or ... The dosage of Octaplas for replacement of multiple coagulation factors in patients with acquired deficiencies is 10 to 15 ... Replacement of multiple coagulation factors in patients with acquired deficiencies*due to liver disease ...
Selective deficiency of immunoglobulin A [IgA] D80.3 Selective deficiency of immunoglobulin G [IgG] subclasses ... Antibody deficiency with near-normal immunoglobulins or with hyperimmunoglobulinemia D80.8 Other immunodeficiencies with ...
... with suspected coeliac disease without IgA deficiency who were not on a gluten-free diet and who had a local serum tTG-IgA ... with suspected coeliac disease without IgA deficiency who were not on a gluten-free diet and who had a local serum tTG-IgA ... We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of serum anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA (tTG-IgA) in the diagnosis of coeliac disease. ... We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of serum anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA (tTG-IgA) in the diagnosis of coeliac disease. ...
Natural Immune Deficiency Treatments to Support a Weakened Immune System. ... Selective IgA deficiency. *Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. *Chronic granulomatous disease. *Leukocyte adhesion defects ... Help for Immune Deficiency. What is Immune Deficiency?. The immune system enables the body to fight off illness and infection ... What Causes Immune Deficiency?. Immune deficiency may occur for any number of reasons. Whatever the cause, people who have a ...
Decreased levels of IgA may be due to:. *Agammaglobulinemia (very rare). *Hereditary IgA deficiency ... The test provides a rapid and accurate measurement of the amounts of the immunoglobulins IgM, IgG, and IgA. ... IgA: 40 to 350 mg/dL, or 400 to 3500 mg/L ... Increased levels of IgA may be due to:. *Chronic infections, ...
o Congenital!or!acquired!immunodeficiency,!including!IgA!deficiency!. o Human!Immunodeficiency!Virus!infection!or!symptoms/ ...
IgA Deficiency ... Common Variable Immune Deficiency (CVID) x. Immunodeficiency ... Lu frequently treats the following conditions: Hypogammaglobulinemia and Common Variable Immune Deficiency (CVID). See more on ... Lu has experience treating conditions like Hypogammaglobulinemia and Common Variable Immune Deficiency (CVID) among other ...
There is IgA in the urine: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1408118/. Some info about IgA deficiency: http:// ... There is IgA in the urine: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1408118/. Some info about IgA deficiency: http:// ... primaryimmune.org/about-primary-immunodeficiencies/specific-disease-types/selective-iga-deficiency/. There is no research on ... primaryimmune.org/about-primary-immunodeficiencies/specific-disease-types/selective-iga-deficiency/. There is no research on ...
IgG Subclass Deficiency (11) *. Other Primary Cellular Immunodeficiencies (10) *. Selective IgA Deficiency (10) ... 2023 Immune Deficiency Foundation. Immune Deficiency Foundation is a 501(c)(3) organization (EIN: 52-1214782) ... The Immune Deficiency Foundation (IDF) is pleased to provide the presentations from the Special Chronic Granulomatous Disease ( ... The Immune Deficiency Foundation is the national patient organization dedicated to improving the diagnosis, treatment and ...
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency. *History of severe recurrent transfusion reactions. *Refusal to receive allogeneic blood ...
Certain people, including those with IgA (an immunoglobulin) deficiency and antibodies against IgA and a history of ... IgA (immunoglobulin A) deficiency with antibodies against IgA-Hizentra® and Privigen® should not be used in patients with these ... IgA (immunoglobulin A) deficiency with antibodies against IgA-Gammaplex® should not be used in patients with these conditions. ... IgA (immunoglobulin A) deficiency with antibodies against IgA-Cuvitru®, Gamastan®, and Octagam® should not be used in patients ...
IgA deficiency in wolves. Developmental & Comparative Immunology 40: 180-184.. Gervasi V, Sand H, Zimmermann B, Mattisson J, ... IgA deficiency in wolves from Canada and Scandinavia. Developmental & Comparative Immunology 50: 26-28. ...
TACI is mutant in common variable immunodeficiency and IgA deficiency. Nat Genet. 2005 Aug. 37(8):829-34. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Analysis of families with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and IgA deficiency suggests linkage of CVID to chromosome 16q ... Family and linkage study of selective IgA deficiency and common variable immunodeficiency. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1995 Nov ... Age-related changes in serum immunoglobulins in patients with familial IgA deficiency and common variable immunodeficiency ( ...
Recurrent Intestinal Obstruction in a Patient with Selective IgA Deficiency Hui, Chee-Kin. * Short Communication * ...
  • Note: People with complete IgA deficiency may develop anti-IgA antibodies if given blood products and immunoglobulins. (medlineplus.gov)
  • People with IgA deficiency may develop antibodies to IgA. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Failure of terminal B-cell differentiation is attributed to (1) an intrinsic B-cell defect, (2) inadequate or defective T-helper cells, (3) presence of or excessive IgA-specific T-cell suppressor cells, and (4) passage of maternal anti-IgA antibodies that suppress fetal IgA development. (medscape.com)
  • The importance of IgG-subclass deficiency is reflected in the isotypes of IgG antibodies produced against microbial antigens. (medscape.com)
  • IgG class anti-gliadin and anti-reticulin antibodies were positive but IgA class of these antibodies were negative. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • IgA deficiency with antibodies against IgA. (empr.com)
  • Patients may have recurrent respiratory tract infections and otitis media, due to antibodies deficiency (IgA or IgG2 subclass). (orpha.net)
  • IgA deficient patients with antibodies against IgA are at greater risk of developing severe hypersensitivity and anaphylactic reactions Epinephrine should be available immediately to treat any acute severe hypersensitivity reactions. (nih.gov)
  • Coeliac disease in these patients was diagnosed by the attending physician based on positive serological tests for anti-endomysial antibodies IgA and IgG followed by duodenal biopsy to confirm the diagnosis of coeliac disease. (who.int)
  • Selective deficiency of IgA is the most common immune deficiency disorder . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Many people with selective IgA deficiency have no symptoms. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Selective IgA deficiency is less harmful than many other immunodeficiency diseases. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Genetic counseling may be of value to prospective parents with a family history of selective IgA deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Although this article discusses agammaglobulinemia and hypogammaglobulinemia, the emphasis is on selective Ig deficiencies, including the decreased production of IgA and the various IgG subclasses and impaired antibody responses to specific antigens such as polysaccharide proteins present on certain bacteria. (medscape.com)
  • Selective IgA deficiency is probably the most common of the primary immunodeficiency disorders, but it may also be asymptomatic. (medscape.com)
  • Selective immunoglobulin A ( IgA IgA Represents 15-20% of the human serum immunoglobulins, mostly as the 4-chain polymer in humans or dimer in other mammals. (lecturio.com)
  • Selective IgA deficiency is an IgA level 7 mg/dL ( 70 mg/L, 0.4375 micromol/liter) with normal IgG and IgM levels. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The inheritance pattern is unknown, but having a family member with selective IgA deficiency increases the risk by about 50 times. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However the association celiac disease, Graves' disease and selective IgA deficiency are rarely found in children. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • A 4 years-old girl with celiac disease and selective IgA deficiency presented with diarrhea and growth acceleration. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Selective IgA deficiency (IgAD) is characterized by total IgA serum levels below 0.06 g/L and normal levels of IgM and IgG. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • 6,7) We report the case of a girl who had CD associated with GD and selective IgA deficiency. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • A young German Shepherd with recurrent lung or gastrointestinal infection may have a selective IgA deficiency. (dvm360.com)
  • Relationship between selective IgA deficiency and COVID-19 prognosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Dr. Lu has experience treating conditions like Hypogammaglobulinemia and Common Variable Immune Deficiency (CVID) among other conditions at varying frequencies. (sharecare.com)
  • The past medical history is significant for hypogammaglobulinemia related to IgA deficiency requiring intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for the last ten years. (ctsnet.org)
  • Primary humoral deficiencies vary from complete absence of B cells, serum immunoglobulin (Ig), or both to lacunar deficits that involve specific antibody responses to polysaccharides. (medscape.com)
  • When IgA-bearing B lymphocytes fail to mature into IgA-secreting plasma cells, serum IgA levels are reduced, and specific IgA deficiency results. (medscape.com)
  • Deficient secretory IgA with normal serum IgA levels is reported in few patients. (medscape.com)
  • Diagnosis is made with a measure of exceptionally low IgA IgA Represents 15-20% of the human serum immunoglobulins, mostly as the 4-chain polymer in humans or dimer in other mammals. (lecturio.com)
  • The Iga And Igm Deficiency reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (chipgrade.com)
  • We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of serum anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA (tTG-IgA) in the diagnosis of coeliac disease. (unisa.it)
  • Local serum tTG-IgA was measured with 14 different test brands and concentration expressed as a multiple of each test's upper limit of normal (ULN), and defined as positive when greater than 1 times the ULN. (unisa.it)
  • The main study outcome was the reliability of serum tests for the diagnosis of coeliac disease, as defined by duodenal villous atrophy (Marsh type 3 or Corazza-Villanacci grade B). Histology was evaluated by the local pathologist, with discordant cases (positive tTG-IgA without duodenal villous atrophy or negative tTG-IgA with duodenal villous atrophy) re-evaluated by a central pathologist. (unisa.it)
  • Of the 363 participants with positive serum tTG-IgA, 341 had positive histology (true positives) and 22 had negative histology (false positives) after local review. (unisa.it)
  • Either using the local or central definition of duodenal histology, the positive predictive value of local serum tTG-IgA increased when the serological threshold was defined at increasing multiples of the ULN (p<0·0001). (unisa.it)
  • The AUC for serum tTG-IgA for the prediction of duodenal villous atrophy was 0·87 (95% CI 0·81-0·92) when applying the categorical definition of serum tTG-IgA (positive [>1 × ULN] vs negative [≤1 × ULN]), and 0·93 (0·89-0·96) when applying the numerical definition of serum tTG-IgA (multiples of the ULN). (unisa.it)
  • Interpretation: Our data showed that biopsy could be reasonably avoided in the diagnosis of coeliac disease in adults with reliable suspicion of coeliac disease and high serum tTG-IgA. (unisa.it)
  • Hyper-IgM syndrome is an immunoglobulin (Ig) deficiency characterized by normal or elevated serum IgM levels and decreased levels or absence of other serum immunoglobulins, resulting in susceptibility to bacterial infections. (msdmanuals.com)
  • [ 4 ] The most common IgG-subclass deficiency associated with IgA deficiency is that of IgG2. (medscape.com)
  • IgA-IgG2 deficiency can also be seen with other IgG-subclass deficiencies, especially that involving IgG4. (medscape.com)
  • However, they can safely be given IgA-depleted immunoglobulins. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This test specifically measures the immunoglobulins IgM, IgG, and IgA. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • The test provides a rapid and accurate measurement of the amounts of the immunoglobulins IgM, IgG, and IgA. (ucsfhealth.org)
  • While it is often not associated with clinical illness, presumably due to compensation from other sectors of the immune system, IgA-deficient individuals are distinctly more likely to become ill and have one or more of specific groups of diseases. (nih.gov)
  • IgA deficiency can be inherited in an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive fashion, but most individuals who are IgA deficient have no other affected family members. (nih.gov)
  • Many IgA-deficient individuals who have cytogenically detectable abnormalities of chromosome 18 have been reported, but all the individuals with these defects have severe congenital defects of other kinds. (nih.gov)
  • The chromosome deletions in the individuals who are IgA deficient thus appear to have no common pattern. (nih.gov)
  • IgA-deficient individuals have been reported to have one of a few specific HLA haplotypes. (nih.gov)
  • While many individuals with these supratypes are not IgA deficient, these findings encourage the notion that the secretion of IgA could be at least partly controlled by genes residing in the major histocompatibility locus. (nih.gov)
  • RhoGAM contain a small quantity of IgA and there is a potential risk of an allergic reaction in IgA-deficient individuals. (newsusa.com)
  • However, the authors did not measure secretory IgA. (medscape.com)
  • [ 3 ] Lack of severe infections in patients with IgA and secretory IgA deficiency may be attributed to compensatory increases in secretory IgM. (medscape.com)
  • Secretory iga is the main immunoglobulin in secretions. (lecturio.com)
  • 2 Akimoto T, Kumai Y, Akama T, Hayashi E, Murakami H, Soma R, Kuno S, Kono I. Effects of 12 months of exercise training on salivary secretory IgA levels in elderly subjects. (thieme-connect.de)
  • B cell deficiency increased the oral fungal load without causing severe OPC. (frontiersin.org)
  • Laboratory studies showed severe iron deficiency anemia (Hgb: 91 g/dL, MCV: 60 fL, iron: 14 mcg/dL, iron saturation: 4%, TIBC: 369 mcg/dL, and ferritin: 7 mcg/dL). (hindawi.com)
  • Association of HLA-*08:DRB1*03 with immunoglobulin A-deficiency. (cdc.gov)
  • Interleukin-6 gene variation in Spanish patients with immunoglobulin-A deficiency. (cdc.gov)
  • Lack of evidence of a role of XBP1 and PRDM1 polymorphisms in Spanish patients with immunoglobulin A deficiency. (cdc.gov)
  • Role of polymorphisms in the TNFRSF13B (TACI) gene in Spanish patients with immunoglobulin A deficiency. (cdc.gov)
  • MSH5 is not a genetic predisposing factor for immunoglobulin A deficiency but marks the HLA-DRB1*0102 subgroup carrying susceptibility. (cdc.gov)
  • Association of immunoglobulin A deficiency and elevated thyrotropin-receptor autoantibodies in two Nordic countries. (cdc.gov)
  • Study on immunoglobulin A Deficiency(IgAD) in Chinese Shanghai Blood Donors]. (cdc.gov)
  • Genomic association and further characterisation of faecal immunoglobulin A deficiency in German Shepherd dogs. (cdc.gov)
  • Low-Risk Human Leukocyte Antigen Genes and Mild Villous Atrophy Typify Celiac Disease With Immunoglobulin A Deficiency. (cdc.gov)
  • Combined T- and B-cell deficiencies manifest with signs and symptoms related to both B- and T-cell deficiency (see Combined B-Cell and T-Cell Disorders ). (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, in surveys of patients followed for immunodeficiency, common variable immunodeficiency is the most common, followed by IgA deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • Other concomitant immune defects may be required to increase the risk for respiratory and GI infections and various autoimmune diseases frequently described in patients with IgA deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • Humoral immunity deficiencies Immunodeficiency disorders are associated with or predispose patients to various complications, including infections, autoimmune disorders, and lymphomas and other cancers. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Drugs such as phenytoin , sulfasalazine , gold, and penicillamine may lead to IgA deficiency in some patients. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The IgG antibody is similar to AGA IgA, but is found at higher levels in patients with the IgA-less phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
  • While the unifying immunologic perturbation in IgA deficiency is a lack of mature IgA-secreting B cells, a host of other, usually minor, immunologic abnormalities have been reported in such patients. (nih.gov)
  • The dosage of Octaplas for replacement of multiple coagulation factors in patients with acquired deficiencies is 10 to 15 milliliters per kg. (rxlist.com)
  • Hematologic abnormalities are frequently found in CD patients, with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) being the most common. (hindawi.com)
  • Apart from IDA, other hematologic abnormalities seen in patients with CD are thrombocytosis, splenic hypofunction, leukopenia, IgA deficiency, enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma (EATL), and rarely venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). (hindawi.com)
  • Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been used primarily for immune deficiency patients, and its greatest expansion is seen more and more in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, especially in neurology. (nursingcenter.com)
  • RÉSUMÉ La prévalence de la maladie cœliaque chez des patients atteints d'hypothyroïdie auto-immune n'a pas été étudiée auparavant en Jordanie, ni dans d'autres pays arabes. (who.int)
  • Un examen transversal à partir des dossiers de tous les patients adultes atteints d'hypothyroïdie auto-immune qui avaient consulté un centre d'orientation en Jordanie au cours d'une période de huit mois a été mené. (who.int)
  • Le diagnostic de maladie cœliaque de ces patients a été posé par le médecin traitant à partir des analyses sérologiques positives pour les anticorps anti-endomysium de classe IgA et IgG, puis d'une biopsie duodénale à visée de confirmation du diagnostic de maladie cœliaque. (who.int)
  • Common autoimmune conditions found with IgA deficiency include rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease . (mayoclinic.org)
  • A functional PTPN22 polymorphism associated with several autoimmune diseases is not associated with IgA deficiency in the Spanish population. (cdc.gov)
  • 40 years), presence of other autoimmune diseases, vitamin B12 deficiency and anaemia. (who.int)
  • Antibody deficiencies were the most frequent molecular diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
  • 12 Ciloglu F. The effect of exercise on salivary IgA levels and the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections in postmenopausal women. (thieme-connect.de)
  • The patient that presents with recurrent infections may have an underlying immune deficiency or dysfunction. (dvm360.com)
  • An IgA deficiency can lead to more colds, respiratory infections and allergies. (nutters.com)
  • Any medical facility or health department that provides direct patient care is en couraged to formulate a comprehensive immunization policy for all HCWs. (cdc.gov)
  • The classic form of CD manifests as a malabsorption syndrome associated with chronic diarrhea, mineral deficiencies, failure to thrive, and weight loss. (hindawi.com)
  • Gastrointestinal disorders such as chronic or acute diarrhea, malabsorption, abdominal pain, and inflammatory bowel diseases can indicate immune deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • Information on Immune Deficiency and Immunodeficiency Disorders to help support a weakened immune system. (nativeremedies.com)
  • Some people gradually develop normal levels of IgA without treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The spectrum of antibody deficiency is broad, ranging from decreased total IgG levels to normal IgG levels and from primary B-cell defects to combined immunodeficiencies with antibody abnormalities associated with other immune and often nonimmune abnormalities. (medscape.com)
  • Fungal colonization increased cross-specific IgA levels in the saliva and the tongue, and IgA + cells migrated to foci of fungal colonization. (frontiersin.org)
  • Thus, in the oral cavity B lymphocytes contribute to control commensal C. albicans carriage by secreting IgA at foci of colonization thereby preventing fungal dysbiosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Los análisis realizados en aislamientos leucocitarios se realizaron por sedimentación usando Dextran-Heparina, liberando la enzima por sonicación y ajustando la concentración proteica, la valoración enzimática se realizó mediante un ensayo fluorométrico, el análisis de secuencia de los genes de interés se realizó mediante secuenciación de nueva generación (NGS) y el análisis in silico se realizó con herramientas de bioinformáticas para predicción del efecto biológico de la variante. (bvsalud.org)
  • An example of a primary immunodeficiency is an allergy - IgA, found primarily in body fluids, guards the entrance to the body. (nutters.com)
  • IgG and IgA) may suggest underlying immune deficiency, while high IgE may be associated with allergy. (mountelizabeth.com.sg)
  • From a genetic point of view, IgA deficiency has been associated with three chromosomes, 18, 14, and 6. (nih.gov)
  • Antigen-Specific CD4 T-Cell Activation in Primary Antibody Deficiency After BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination. (cdc.gov)
  • The importance of IgA can be demonstrated in animal models that lack IgA and have problems clearing rotavirus infection. (medscape.com)
  • In the presence of cytokines, normal CD40 ligand interacts with B cells and thus signals them to switch from producing IgM to producing IgA, IgG, or IgE. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Obscuring the relationship between chromosome 18 and IgA deficiency is the fact that both short- and long-arm deletions have been reported in IgA deficiency. (nih.gov)
  • We present a case of a 46-year-old man who was admitted for shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain and was found to have iron deficiency anemia, deep venous thrombosis, and bilateral pulmonary emboli (PE). (hindawi.com)
  • IgA deficiency is one of the most common of all immune defects. (nih.gov)
  • Introduction: Mucopolysaccharidosis type IV - A (MPS IV-A, Morquio Syndrome type A) is an autosomal recessive hereditary disorder and one of the common lysosomal diseases, caused by a deficiency in the activity of lysosomal hydrolase, N-acetylglucosamine- 6-sulfatase (GALNS) which leads to an accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as keratan sulfate (KS) and chondroitin-6-sulfate (C6S) in multiple tissues. (bvsalud.org)