The misinterpretation of a real external, sensory experience.
An illusion of vision usually affecting spatial relations.
Recognition and discrimination of the heaviness of a lifted object.
The sensory interpretation of the dimensions of objects.
The real or apparent movement of objects through the visual field.
The science dealing with the correlation of the physical characteristics of a stimulus, e.g., frequency or intensity, with the response to the stimulus, in order to assess the psychologic factors involved in the relationship.
Investigative technique commonly used during ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY in which a series of bright light flashes or visual patterns are used to elicit brain activity.
The selecting and organizing of visual stimuli based on the individual's past experience.
The process by which the nature and meaning of tactile stimuli are recognized and interpreted by the brain, such as realizing the characteristics or name of an object being touched.
Sensory functions that transduce stimuli received by proprioceptive receptors in joints, tendons, muscles, and the INNER EAR into neural impulses to be transmitted to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Proprioception provides sense of stationary positions and movements of one's body parts, and is important in maintaining KINESTHESIA and POSTURAL BALANCE.
Mental process to visually perceive a critical number of facts (the pattern), such as characters, shapes, displays, or designs.
The ability to detect sharp boundaries (stimuli) and to detect slight changes in luminance at regions without distinct contours. Psychophysical measurements of this visual function are used to evaluate visual acuity and to detect eye disease.
The sensory discrimination of a pattern shape or outline.
Lack of correspondence between the way a stimulus is commonly perceived and the way an individual perceives it under given conditions.
Awareness of oneself in relation to time, place and person.
The illumination of an environment and the arrangement of lights to achieve an effect or optimal visibility. Its application is in domestic or in public settings and in medical and non-medical environments.
A perceptual phenomenon used by Gestalt psychologists to demonstrate that events in one part of the perceptual field may affect perception in another part.
The awareness of the spatial properties of objects; includes physical space.
The distal part of the arm beyond the wrist in humans and primates, that includes the palm, fingers, and thumb.
Perception of three-dimensionality.
Continuation of visual impression after cessation of stimuli causing the original image.
Individuals' concept of their own bodies.
Sensation of making physical contact with objects, animate or inanimate. Tactile stimuli are detected by MECHANORECEPTORS in the skin and mucous membranes.
A high-molecular-weight polymeric elastomer derived from the milk juice (LATEX) of HEVEA brasiliensis and other trees and plants. It is a substance that can be stretched at room temperature to at least twice its original length and after releasing the stress, retract rapidly, and recover its original dimensions fully.
Sense of movement of a part of the body, such as movement of fingers, elbows, knees, limbs, or weights.
The process of discovering or asserting an objective or intrinsic relation between two objects or concepts; a faculty or power that enables a person to make judgments; the process of bringing to light and asserting the implicit meaning of a concept; a critical evaluation of a person or situation.
The blending of separate images seen by each eye into one composite image.
The human being as a non-anatomical and non-zoological entity. The emphasis is on the philosophical or artistic treatment of the human being, and includes lay and social attitudes toward the body in history. (From J. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)
The ability to respond to segments of the perceptual experience rather than to the whole.
The process in which light signals are transformed by the PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS into electrical signals which can then be transmitted to the brain.
The process whereby auditory stimuli are selected, organized, and interpreted by the organism.
Voluntary or reflex-controlled movements of the eye.
Motion of an object in which either one or more points on a line are fixed. It is also the motion of a particle about a fixed point. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Cognitive disorders characterized by an impaired ability to perceive the nature of objects or concepts through use of the sense organs. These include spatial neglect syndromes, where an individual does not attend to visual, auditory, or sensory stimuli presented from one side of the body.
The coordination of a sensory or ideational (cognitive) process and a motor activity.
Theoretical representations that simulate psychological processes and/or social processes. These include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Use of sound to elicit a response in the nervous system.
The difference between two images on the retina when looking at a visual stimulus. This occurs since the two retinas do not have the same view of the stimulus because of the location of our eyes. Thus the left eye does not get exactly the same view as the right eye.
Signals for an action; that specific portion of a perceptual field or pattern of stimuli to which a subject has learned to respond.
The interference of one perceptual stimulus with another causing a decrease or lessening in perceptual effectiveness.
Mental processing of chromatic signals (COLOR VISION) from the eye by the VISUAL CORTEX where they are converted into symbolic representations. Color perception involves numerous neurons, and is influenced not only by the distribution of wavelengths from the viewed object, but also by its background color and brightness contrast at its boundary.
Prosthetic replacements for arms, legs, and parts thereof.
Area of the OCCIPITAL LOBE concerned with the processing of visual information relayed via VISUAL PATHWAYS.

The perceptual consequences of visual loss: 'positive' pathologies of vision. (1/458)

Fifty patients with visual hallucinations and illusions secondary to degenerative eye disease reported remarkably stereotyped experiences. Questionnaire responses revealed five previously recognized categories of pathological vision (perseveration, illusory visual spread, polyopia, prosopometamorphopsia and micro/macropsia) and three novel categories (tessellopsia, hyperchromatopsia and dendropsia). Identical pathologies of vision occur in a range of clinical and experimental settings, suggesting that they reflect fundamental visual processes. The known neurophysiology of the visual cortex helps explain the phenomenology of the experiences and provides the basis for a neurobiologically based classification of positive and negative visual perceptual disorders.  (+info)

Illusory arm movements activate cortical motor areas: a positron emission tomography study. (2/458)

Vibration at approximately 70 Hz on the biceps tendon elicits a vivid illusory arm extension. Nobody has examined which areas in the brain are activated when subjects perceive this kinesthetic illusion. The illusion was hypothesized to originate from activations of somatosensory areas normally engaged in kinesthesia. The locations of the microstructurally defined cytoarchitectonic areas of the primary motor (4a and 4p) and primary somatosensory cortex (3a, 3b, and 1) were obtained from population maps of these areas in standard anatomical format. The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured with (15)O-butanol and positron emission tomography in nine subjects. The left biceps tendon was vibrated at 10 Hz (LOW), at 70 or 80 Hz (ILLUSION), or at 220 or 240 Hz (HIGH). A REST condition with eyes closed was included in addition. Only the 70 and 80 Hz vibrations elicited strong illusory arm extensions in all subjects without any electromyographic activity in the arm muscles. When the rCBF of the ILLUSION condition was contrasted to the LOW and HIGH conditions, we found two clusters of activations, one in the supplementary motor area (SMA) extending into the caudal cingulate motor area (CMAc) and the other in area 4a extending into the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) and area 4p. When LOW, HIGH, and ILLUSION were contrasted to REST, giving the main effect of vibration, areas 4p, 3b, and 1, the frontal and parietal operculum, and the insular cortex were activated. Thus, with the exception of area 4p, the effects of vibration and illusion were associated with disparate cortical areas. This indicates that the SMA, CMAc, PMd, and area 4a were activated associated with the kinesthetic illusion. Thus, against our expectations, motor areas rather than somatosensory areas seem to convey the illusion of limb movement.  (+info)

Motion-based mechanisms of illusory contour synthesis. (3/458)

Neurophysiological studies and computational models of illusory contour formation have focused on contour orientation as the underlying determinant of illusory contour shape in both static and moving displays. Here, we report a class of motion-induced illusory contours that demonstrate the existence of novel mechanisms of illusory contour synthesis. In a series of experiments, we show that the velocity of contour terminations and the direction of motion of a partially occluded figure regulate the perceived shape and apparent movement of illusory contours formed from moving image sequences. These results demonstrate the existence of neural mechanisms that reconstruct occlusion relationships from both real and inferred image velocities, in contrast to the static geometric mechanisms that have been the focus of studies to date.  (+info)

Explaining the moon illusion. (4/458)

An old explanation of the moon illusion holds that various cues place the horizon moon at an effectively greater distance than the elevated moon. Although both moons have the same angular size, the horizon moon must be perceived as larger. More recent explanations hold that differences in accommodation or other factors cause the elevated moon to appear smaller. As a result of this illusory difference in size, the elevated moon appears to be more distant than the horizon moon. These two explanations, both based on the geometry of stereopsis, lead to two diametrically opposed hypotheses. That is, a depth interval at a long distance is associated with a smaller binocular disparity, whereas an equal depth interval at a smaller distance is associated with a larger disparity. We conducted experiments involving artificial moons and confirmed the hypothesis that the horizon moon is at a greater perceptual distance. Moreover, when a moon of constant angular size was moved closer it was also perceived as growing smaller, which is consistent with the older explanation. Although Emmert's law does not predict the size-distance relationship over long distances, we conclude that the horizon moon is perceived as larger because the perceptual system treats it as though it is much farther away. Finally, we observe that recent explanations substitute perceived size for angular size as a cue to distance. Thus, they imply that perceptions cause perceptions.  (+info)

Visual neuroscience: illuminating the dark corners. (5/458)

Recent experiments suggest that our perception of lightness involves a sophisticated interpretation of illumination and shadow. This finding challenges common notions about hierarchical processing and the neural basis of perception.  (+info)

Afterimages, grating induction and illusory phantoms. (6/458)

Under some conditions (dark or light inspection areas) illusory gratings often appear to be in-phase with the inducing gratings and under others (gray inspection area) illusory gratings often appear to be out-of-phase with the inducing gratings. McCourt reported that point-by-point brightness matches reveal only out-of-phase illusory gratings, no matter what the luminance of the inspection area (McCourt, M. E. (1994). Vision Research, 34, 1609-1617). Since the technique used might have led to afterimages which mimic out-of-phase illusory gratings, the present series of experiments was undertaken to determine how such afterimages might bias illusory grating judgments. Afterimages were induced during fixation with brief flashes of inducing gratings within the inspection area (Experiment 1), or by vertical shifts in the entire stimulus which exposed the retina to real gratings prior to judgments within the inspection area (Experiment 2). Experiment 2 was replicated with drifting inducing gratings (Experiment 3). The subjects were asked to indicate whether illusory gratings appeared in- or out-of-phase. The results of all three experiments reveal that out-of-phase illusory gratings predominate, and that afterimages can only bias judgments with stationary displays. It is suggested that grating induction is perceived when subjects attend to local contrast differences, while phantom visibility is facilitated when attention is captured by the more global aspects of the stimulus.  (+info)

Illusions in reasoning about consistency. (7/458)

Reasoners succumb to predictable illusions in evaluating whether sets of assertions are consistent. We report two studies of this computationally intractable task of "satisfiability." The results show that as the number of possibilities compatible with the assertions increases, the difficulty of the task increases, and that reasoners represent what is true according to assertions, not what is false. This procedure avoids overloading memory, but it yields illusions of consistency and of inconsistency. These illusions modify our picture of human rationality.  (+info)

Reaching during virtual rotation: context specific compensations for expected coriolis forces. (8/458)

Subjects who are in an enclosed chamber rotating at constant velocity feel physically stationary but make errors when pointing to targets. Reaching paths and endpoints are deviated in the direction of the transient inertial Coriolis forces generated by their arm movements. By contrast, reaching movements made during natural, voluntary torso rotation seem to be accurate, and subjects are unaware of the Coriolis forces generated by their movements. This pattern suggests that the motor plan for reaching movements uses a representation of body motion to prepare compensations for impending self-generated accelerative loads on the arm. If so, stationary subjects who are experiencing illusory self-rotation should make reaching errors when pointing to a target. These errors should be in the direction opposite the Coriolis accelerations their arm movements would generate if they were actually rotating. To determine whether such compensations exist, we had subjects in four experiments make visually open-loop reaches to targets while they were experiencing compelling illusory self-rotation and displacement induced by rotation of a complex, natural visual scene. The paths and endpoints of their initial reaching movements were significantly displaced leftward during counterclockwise illusory rotary displacement and rightward during clockwise illusory self-displacement. Subjects reached in a curvilinear path to the wrong place. These reaching errors were opposite in direction to the Coriolis forces that would have been generated by their arm movements during actual torso rotation. The magnitude of path curvature and endpoint errors increased as the speed of illusory self-rotation increased. In successive reaches, movement paths became straighter and endpoints more accurate despite the absence of visual error feedback or tactile feedback about target location. When subjects were again presented a stationary scene, their initial reaches were indistinguishable from pre-exposure baseline, indicating a total absence of aftereffects. These experiments demonstrate that the nervous system automatically compensates in a context-specific fashion for the Coriolis forces associated with reaching movements.  (+info)

An illusion is a perception in the brain that does not match the actual stimulus in the environment. It is often described as a false or misinterpreted sensory experience, where the senses perceive something that is different from the reality. Illusions can occur in any of the senses, including vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell.

In medical terms, illusions are sometimes associated with certain neurological conditions, such as migraines, brain injuries, or mental health disorders like schizophrenia. They can also be a side effect of certain medications or substances. In these cases, the illusions may be a symptom of an underlying medical condition and should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.

It's important to note that while illusions are often used in the context of entertainment and art, they can also have serious implications for individuals who experience them frequently or as part of a medical condition.

Optical illusions are visual phenomena that occur when the brain perceives an image or scene differently from the actual physical properties of that image or scene. They often result from the brain's attempt to interpret and make sense of ambiguous, contradictory, or incomplete information provided by the eyes. This can lead to visually perceived images that are different from the objective reality. Optical illusions can be categorized into different types such as literal illusions, physiological illusions, and cognitive illusions, based on the nature of the illusion and the underlying cause.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "weight perception" is not a standard medical term with a widely accepted or specific definition in the field of medicine. It seems more related to the general psychological concept of how individuals perceive and judge their own weight or the weight of objects. If you have a more specific context or situation related to this term, I would be happy to help further!

Size perception in a medical context typically refers to the way an individual's brain interprets and perceives the size or volume of various stimuli. This can include visual stimuli, such as objects or distances, as well as tactile stimuli, like the size of an object being held or touched.

Disorders in size perception can occur due to neurological conditions, brain injuries, or certain developmental disorders. For example, individuals with visual agnosia may have difficulty recognizing or perceiving the size of objects they see, even though their eyes are functioning normally. Similarly, those with somatoparaphrenia may not recognize the size of their own limbs due to damage in specific areas of the brain.

It's important to note that while 'size perception' is not a medical term per se, it can still be used in a medical or clinical context to describe these types of symptoms and conditions.

Motion perception is the ability to interpret and understand the movement of objects in our environment. It is a complex process that involves multiple areas of the brain and the visual system. In medical terms, motion perception refers to the specific function of the visual system to detect and analyze the movement of visual stimuli. This allows us to perceive and respond to moving objects in our environment, which is crucial for activities such as driving, sports, and even maintaining balance. Disorders in motion perception can lead to conditions like motion sickness or difficulty with depth perception.

Psychophysics is not a medical term per se, but rather a subfield of psychology and neuroscience that studies the relationship between physical stimuli and the sensations and perceptions they produce. It involves the quantitative investigation of psychological functions, such as how brightness or loudness is perceived relative to the physical intensity of light or sound.

In medical contexts, psychophysical methods may be used in research or clinical settings to understand how patients with neurological conditions or sensory impairments perceive and respond to different stimuli. This information can inform diagnostic assessments, treatment planning, and rehabilitation strategies.

Photic stimulation is a medical term that refers to the exposure of the eyes to light, specifically repetitive pulses of light, which is used as a method in various research and clinical settings. In neuroscience, it's often used in studies related to vision, circadian rhythms, and brain function.

In a clinical context, photic stimulation is sometimes used in the diagnosis of certain medical conditions such as seizure disorders (like epilepsy). By observing the response of the brain to this light stimulus, doctors can gain valuable insights into the functioning of the brain and the presence of any neurological disorders.

However, it's important to note that photic stimulation should be conducted under the supervision of a trained healthcare professional, as improper use can potentially trigger seizures in individuals who are susceptible to them.

Visual perception refers to the ability to interpret and organize information that comes from our eyes to recognize and understand what we are seeing. It involves several cognitive processes such as pattern recognition, size estimation, movement detection, and depth perception. Visual perception allows us to identify objects, navigate through space, and interact with our environment. Deficits in visual perception can lead to learning difficulties and disabilities.

Touch perception, also known as tactile perception, refers to the ability to perceive and interpret sensations resulting from mechanical stimulation of the skin and other tissues. This sense is mediated by various receptors in the skin, such as Meissner's corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Merkel's disks, and Ruffini endings, which detect different types of stimuli like pressure, vibration, and texture.

The information gathered by these receptors is transmitted to the brain through sensory neurons, where it is processed and integrated with other sensory information to create a coherent perception of the environment. Touch perception plays a crucial role in many aspects of daily life, including object manipulation, social interaction, and the appreciation of various forms of sensory pleasure.

Proprioception is the unconscious perception of movement and spatial orientation arising from stimuli within the body itself. It is sometimes described as the "sixth sense" and it's all about knowing where your body parts are, how they are moving, and the effort being used to move them. This information is crucial for motor control, balance, and coordination.

The proprioceptive system includes sensory receptors called proprioreceptors located in muscles, tendons, and joints that send messages to the brain through nerves regarding body position and movement. These messages are then integrated with information from other senses, such as vision and vestibular sense (related to balance), to create a complete understanding of the body's position and motion in space.

Deficits in proprioception can lead to problems with coordination, balance, and fine motor skills.

Visual pattern recognition is the ability to identify and interpret patterns in visual information. In a medical context, it often refers to the process by which healthcare professionals recognize and diagnose medical conditions based on visible signs or symptoms. This can involve recognizing the characteristic appearance of a rash, wound, or other physical feature associated with a particular disease or condition. It may also involve recognizing patterns in medical images such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs.

In the field of radiology, for example, visual pattern recognition is a critical skill. Radiologists are trained to recognize the typical appearances of various diseases and conditions in medical images. This allows them to make accurate diagnoses based on the patterns they see. Similarly, dermatologists use visual pattern recognition to identify skin abnormalities and diseases based on the appearance of rashes, lesions, or other skin changes.

Overall, visual pattern recognition is an essential skill in many areas of medicine, allowing healthcare professionals to quickly and accurately diagnose medical conditions based on visible signs and symptoms.

Contrast sensitivity is a measure of the ability to distinguish between an object and its background based on differences in contrast, rather than differences in luminance. Contrast refers to the difference in light intensity between an object and its immediate surroundings. Contrast sensitivity is typically measured using specially designed charts that have patterns of parallel lines with varying widths and contrast levels.

In clinical settings, contrast sensitivity is often assessed as part of a comprehensive visual examination. Poor contrast sensitivity can affect a person's ability to perform tasks such as reading, driving, or distinguishing objects from their background, especially in low-light conditions. Reduced contrast sensitivity is a common symptom of various eye conditions, including cataracts, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration.

Form perception, also known as shape perception, is not a term that has a specific medical definition. However, in the field of neuropsychology and sensory perception, form perception refers to the ability to recognize and interpret different shapes and forms of objects through visual processing. This ability is largely dependent on the integrity of the visual cortex and its ability to process and interpret information received from the retina.

Damage to certain areas of the brain, particularly in the occipital and parietal lobes, can result in deficits in form perception, leading to difficulties in recognizing and identifying objects based on their shape or form. This condition is known as visual agnosia and can be a symptom of various neurological disorders such as stroke, brain injury, or degenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease.

Perceptual distortion is not explicitly defined within the realm of medicine, but it does fall under the broader category of cognitive impairments and abnormalities. It generally refers to the incorrect interpretation or misrepresentation of sensory information by the brain. This can result in various experiences such as hallucinations, illusions, or distorted perceptions of reality. Perceptual distortions are often associated with certain medical conditions like mental disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), neurological disorders (e.g., migraines, epilepsy), and substance use disorders.

In a medical context, "orientation" typically refers to an individual's awareness and understanding of their personal identity, place, time, and situation. It is a critical component of cognitive functioning and mental status. Healthcare professionals often assess a person's orientation during clinical evaluations, using tests that inquire about their name, location, the current date, and the circumstances of their hospitalization or visit.

There are different levels of orientation:

1. Person (or self): The individual knows their own identity, including their name, age, and other personal details.
2. Place: The individual is aware of where they are, such as the name of the city, hospital, or healthcare facility.
3. Time: The individual can accurately state the current date, day of the week, month, and year.
4. Situation or event: The individual understands why they are in the healthcare setting, what happened leading to their hospitalization or visit, and the nature of any treatments or procedures they are undergoing.

Impairments in orientation can be indicative of various neurological or psychiatric conditions, such as delirium, dementia, or substance intoxication or withdrawal. It is essential for healthcare providers to monitor and address orientation issues to ensure appropriate diagnosis, treatment, and patient safety.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "lighting" does not have a specific medical definition. In a general context, lighting refers to the arrangement or use of light sources to achieve a particular effect or atmosphere. However, if you are referring to a term in medicine that may be similar to "lighting," you might be thinking of "lumination" or "illumination," which refer to the act of providing or admitting light, especially for medical examination or surgical procedures. I hope this helps! If you have any other questions, please don't hesitate to ask.

"Figural aftereffect" is not a widely recognized or established term in medical or clinical neuroscience literature. However, it seems to be related to the concept of "perceptual aftereffects," which are well-documented phenomena in visual and other sensory perception. Here's a definition that may help you understand figural aftereffects within this context:

Perceptual aftereffect is a phenomenon where exposure to a specific stimulus for a certain period can temporarily alter the perception of subsequent stimuli, making them appear different from what they would have been without the initial exposure. This effect arises due to neural adaptation in response to the prolonged exposure.

In the case of "figural aftereffect," it likely refers to a specific type of perceptual aftereffect where the perception of figures or shapes is affected by prior exposure. For example, if someone stares at a curved line for a while and then looks at a straight line, they might initially perceive the straight line as being more curved than it actually is due to the lingering influence of the initial stimulus.

However, since "figural aftereffect" isn't a standard term in medical or neuroscience literature, I would recommend consulting original research articles or experts in visual perception for a more precise definition and context.

Space perception, in the context of neuroscience and psychology, refers to the ability to perceive and understand the spatial arrangement of objects and their relationship to oneself. It involves integrating various sensory inputs such as visual, auditory, tactile, and proprioceptive information to create a coherent three-dimensional representation of our environment.

This cognitive process enables us to judge distances, sizes, shapes, and movements of objects around us. It also helps us navigate through space, reach for objects, avoid obstacles, and maintain balance. Disorders in space perception can lead to difficulties in performing everyday activities and may be associated with neurological conditions such as stroke, brain injury, or neurodevelopmental disorders like autism.

In medical terms, a hand is the part of the human body that is attached to the forearm and consists of the carpus (wrist), metacarpus, and phalanges. It is made up of 27 bones, along with muscles, tendons, ligaments, and other soft tissues. The hand is a highly specialized organ that is capable of performing a wide range of complex movements and functions, including grasping, holding, manipulating objects, and communicating through gestures. It is also richly innervated with sensory receptors that provide information about touch, temperature, pain, and proprioception (the sense of the position and movement of body parts).

Depth perception is the ability to accurately judge the distance or separation of an object in three-dimensional space. It is a complex visual process that allows us to perceive the world in three dimensions and to understand the spatial relationships between objects.

Depth perception is achieved through a combination of monocular cues, which are visual cues that can be perceived with one eye, and binocular cues, which require input from both eyes. Monocular cues include perspective (the relative size of objects), texture gradients (finer details become smaller as distance increases), and atmospheric perspective (colors become less saturated and lighter in value as distance increases). Binocular cues include convergence (the degree to which the eyes must turn inward to focus on an object) and retinal disparity (the slight difference in the images projected onto the two retinas due to the slightly different positions of the eyes).

Deficits in depth perception can occur due to a variety of factors, including eye disorders, brain injuries, or developmental delays. These deficits can result in difficulties with tasks such as driving, sports, or navigating complex environments. Treatment for depth perception deficits may include vision therapy, corrective lenses, or surgery.

An afterimage is a visual phenomenon that occurs when the eye's retina continues to send signals to the brain even after exposure to a stimulus has ended. This can result in the perception of a lingering image, often in complementary colors to the original stimulus. Afterimages can be either positive or negative, with a positive afterimage appearing as the same color as the original stimulus and a negative afterimage appearing as its complementary color.

Afterimages are typically caused by exposure to bright or intense light sources, such as a camera flash or the sun. They can also occur after prolonged exposure to a particular color or pattern. The phenomenon is thought to be related to the adaptation of photoreceptor cells in the retina, which become less responsive to stimuli after prolonged exposure.

Afterimages are generally harmless and temporary, lasting only a few seconds to several minutes. However, they can sometimes be used as a tool for visual perception experiments or to study the mechanisms of visual processing in the brain.

Body image is a person's perception and attitude towards their own physical appearance, shape, and size. It involves how a person thinks and feels about their body, including their self-perceived strengths and flaws. Body image can be influenced by many factors, such as cultural and societal standards of beauty, personal experiences, and media messages. A positive body image is associated with higher self-esteem, confidence, and overall well-being, while a negative body image can contribute to emotional distress, anxiety, depression, and disordered eating behaviors.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "touch" is not a term that has a specific medical definition in the context you've provided. In a general sense, touch refers to the ability to perceive things through physically contacting them, which is a function of our nervous system. However, it's not a term used to describe a specific medical condition, diagnosis, treatment, or procedure. If you have any more specific context or question in mind, I'd be happy to try and help further!

I believe there may be some confusion in your question. "Rubber" is not a medical term, but rather a common term used to describe a type of material that is elastic and can be stretched or deformed and then return to its original shape when the force is removed. It is often made from the sap of rubber trees or synthetically.

However, in a medical context, "rubber" might refer to certain medical devices or supplies made from rubber materials, such as rubber gloves used for medical examinations or procedures, or rubber stoppers used in laboratory equipment. But there is no medical definition specifically associated with the term 'Rubber' itself.

Kinesthesia, also known as proprioception, refers to the perception or awareness of the position and movement of the body parts in space. It is a type of sensory information that comes from receptors located in muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints, which detect changes in tension, length, and pressure of these tissues during movement. This information is then sent to the brain, where it is integrated with visual and vestibular (inner ear) inputs to create a sense of body position and movement.

Kinesthesia allows us to perform complex movements and maintain balance without having to consciously think about each movement. It helps us to coordinate our movements, adjust our posture, and navigate through our environment with ease. Deficits in kinesthetic perception can lead to difficulties with motor coordination, balance, and mobility.

In the context of medical definitions, "judgment" generally refers to the ability to make decisions or form opinions regarding a patient's condition or treatment. It involves critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and knowledge of medical principles and practices. In some cases, it may also refer to a medical professional's assessment or evaluation of a patient's health status or response to treatment.

However, it is important to note that "judgment" is not a term with a specific medical definition, and its meaning can vary depending on the context in which it is used. In general, it refers to the ability to make sound decisions based on evidence, experience, and expertise.

Binocular vision refers to the ability to use both eyes together to create a single, three-dimensional image of our surroundings. This is achieved through a process called binocular fusion, where the images from each eye are aligned and combined in the brain to form a unified perception.

The term "binocular vision" specifically refers to the way that our visual system integrates information from both eyes to create depth perception and enhance visual clarity. When we view an object with both eyes, they focus on the same point in space and send slightly different images to the brain due to their slightly different positions. The brain then combines these images to create a single, three-dimensional image that allows us to perceive depth and distance.

Binocular vision is important for many everyday activities, such as driving, reading, and playing sports. Disorders of binocular vision can lead to symptoms such as double vision, eye strain, and difficulty with depth perception.

A human body is a complex structure made up of many different types of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to maintain life. It is composed of head, neck, trunk, arms and legs. The human body is divided into several organ systems that perform specific functions necessary for survival. These include the cardiovascular system (heart and blood vessels), respiratory system (lungs and airways), digestive system (stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas), nervous system (brain, spinal cord, nerves), endocrine system (glands and hormones), musculoskeletal system (bones, muscles, joints), immune system (white blood cells, lymphatic system) and reproductive system. Each of these systems is made up of specialized cells and tissues that work together to perform specific functions that are essential for the overall health and well-being of the individual.

"Field Dependence-Independence" is not a term used in medical definitions. However, it is a concept in the field of psychology, particularly in the area of perception and cognition.

Field dependence-independence is a personality trait that refers to an individual's ability to perceive and process information independently from the surrounding environment or "field." It is a measure of how much an individual's cognitive style is influenced by contextual cues and stimuli in their environment.

Individuals who are field-dependent tend to be heavily influenced by their surroundings and have difficulty separating relevant from irrelevant information. They may have trouble focusing on specific details when there are distractions or competing stimuli in the environment. In contrast, individuals who are field-independent are less influenced by their surroundings and can focus more easily on specific details and tasks, even in the presence of distractions.

Field dependence-independence is often assessed using psychometric tests such as the Embedded Figures Test (EFT) or the Rod and Frame Test (RFT). These tests measure an individual's ability to perceive and process information independently from their environment, providing insights into their cognitive style and problem-solving abilities.

Ocular vision refers to the ability to process and interpret visual information that is received by the eyes. This includes the ability to see clearly and make sense of the shapes, colors, and movements of objects in the environment. The ocular system, which includes the eye and related structures such as the optic nerve and visual cortex of the brain, works together to enable vision.

There are several components of ocular vision, including:

* Visual acuity: the clarity or sharpness of vision
* Field of vision: the extent of the visual world that is visible at any given moment
* Color vision: the ability to distinguish different colors
* Depth perception: the ability to judge the distance of objects in three-dimensional space
* Contrast sensitivity: the ability to distinguish an object from its background based on differences in contrast

Disorders of ocular vision can include refractive errors such as nearsightedness or farsightedness, as well as more serious conditions such as cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration. These conditions can affect one or more aspects of ocular vision and may require medical treatment to prevent further vision loss.

Auditory perception refers to the process by which the brain interprets and makes sense of the sounds we hear. It involves the recognition and interpretation of different frequencies, intensities, and patterns of sound waves that reach our ears through the process of hearing. This allows us to identify and distinguish various sounds such as speech, music, and environmental noises.

The auditory system includes the outer ear, middle ear, inner ear, and the auditory nerve, which transmits electrical signals to the brain's auditory cortex for processing and interpretation. Auditory perception is a complex process that involves multiple areas of the brain working together to identify and make sense of sounds in our environment.

Disorders or impairments in auditory perception can result in difficulties with hearing, understanding speech, and identifying environmental sounds, which can significantly impact communication, learning, and daily functioning.

Eye movements, also known as ocular motility, refer to the voluntary or involuntary motion of the eyes that allows for visual exploration of our environment. There are several types of eye movements, including:

1. Saccades: rapid, ballistic movements that quickly shift the gaze from one point to another.
2. Pursuits: smooth, slow movements that allow the eyes to follow a moving object.
3. Vergences: coordinated movements of both eyes in opposite directions, usually in response to a three-dimensional stimulus.
4. Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR): automatic eye movements that help stabilize the gaze during head movement.
5. Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN): rhythmic eye movements that occur in response to large moving visual patterns, such as when looking out of a moving vehicle.

Abnormalities in eye movements can indicate neurological or ophthalmological disorders and are often assessed during clinical examinations.

In the context of medicine, particularly in anatomy and physiology, "rotation" refers to the movement of a body part around its own axis or the long axis of another structure. This type of motion is three-dimensional and can occur in various planes. A common example of rotation is the movement of the forearm bones (radius and ulna) around each other during pronation and supination, which allows the hand to be turned palm up or down. Another example is the rotation of the head during mastication (chewing), where the mandible moves in a circular motion around the temporomandibular joint.

Perceptual disorders are conditions that affect the way a person perceives or interprets sensory information from their environment. These disorders can involve any of the senses, including sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell. They can cause a person to have difficulty recognizing, interpreting, or responding appropriately to sensory stimuli.

Perceptual disorders can result from damage to the brain or nervous system, such as from a head injury, stroke, or degenerative neurological condition. They can also be caused by certain mental health conditions, such as schizophrenia or severe depression.

Symptoms of perceptual disorders may include:

* Misinterpretations of sensory information, such as seeing things that are not there or hearing voices that are not present
* Difficulty recognizing familiar objects or people
* Problems with depth perception or spatial awareness
* Difficulty judging the size, shape, or distance of objects
* Trouble distinguishing between similar sounds or colors
* Impaired sense of smell or taste

Perceptual disorders can have a significant impact on a person's daily life and functioning. Treatment may involve medication, therapy, or rehabilitation to help the person better cope with their symptoms and improve their ability to interact with their environment.

Psychomotor performance refers to the integration and coordination of mental processes (cognitive functions) with physical movements. It involves the ability to perform complex tasks that require both cognitive skills, such as thinking, remembering, and perceiving, and motor skills, such as gross and fine motor movements. Examples of psychomotor performances include driving a car, playing a musical instrument, or performing surgical procedures.

In a medical context, psychomotor performance is often used to assess an individual's ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), such as bathing, dressing, cooking, cleaning, and managing medications. Deficits in psychomotor performance can be a sign of neurological or psychiatric disorders, such as dementia, Parkinson's disease, or depression.

Assessment of psychomotor performance may involve tests that measure reaction time, coordination, speed, precision, and accuracy of movements, as well as cognitive functions such as attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. These assessments can help healthcare professionals develop appropriate treatment plans and monitor the progression of diseases or the effectiveness of interventions.

Psychological models are theoretical frameworks used in psychology to explain and predict mental processes and behaviors. They are simplified representations of complex phenomena, consisting of interrelated concepts, assumptions, and hypotheses that describe how various factors interact to produce specific outcomes. These models can be quantitative (e.g., mathematical equations) or qualitative (e.g., conceptual diagrams) in nature and may draw upon empirical data, theoretical insights, or both.

Psychological models serve several purposes:

1. They provide a systematic and organized way to understand and describe psychological phenomena.
2. They generate hypotheses and predictions that can be tested through empirical research.
3. They integrate findings from different studies and help synthesize knowledge across various domains of psychology.
4. They inform the development of interventions and treatments for mental health disorders.

Examples of psychological models include:

1. The Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality, which posits that individual differences in personality can be described along five broad dimensions: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.
2. The Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) model, which suggests that maladaptive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are interconnected and can be changed through targeted interventions.
3. The Dual Process Theory of Attitudes, which proposes that attitudes are formed and influenced by two distinct processes: a rapid, intuitive process (heuristic) and a slower, deliberative process (systematic).
4. The Social Cognitive Theory, which emphasizes the role of observational learning, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations in shaping behavior.
5. The Attachment Theory, which describes the dynamics of long-term relationships between humans, particularly the parent-child relationship.

It is important to note that psychological models are provisional and subject to revision or replacement as new evidence emerges. They should be considered as useful tools for understanding and explaining psychological phenomena rather than definitive truths.

Acoustic stimulation refers to the use of sound waves or vibrations to elicit a response in an individual, typically for the purpose of assessing or treating hearing, balance, or neurological disorders. In a medical context, acoustic stimulation may involve presenting pure tones, speech sounds, or other types of auditory signals through headphones, speakers, or specialized devices such as bone conduction transducers.

The response to acoustic stimulation can be measured using various techniques, including electrophysiological tests like auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) or otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), behavioral observations, or functional imaging methods like fMRI. Acoustic stimulation is also used in therapeutic settings, such as auditory training programs for hearing impairment or vestibular rehabilitation for balance disorders.

It's important to note that acoustic stimulation should be administered under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional to ensure safety and effectiveness.

Vision disparity, also known as binocular vision disparity, refers to the difference in the image that is perceived by each eye. This can occur due to a variety of reasons such as misalignment of the eyes (strabismus), unequal refractive power in each eye (anisometropia), or abnormalities in the shape of the eye (astigmatism).

When there is a significant difference in the image that is perceived by each eye, the brain may have difficulty combining the two images into a single, three-dimensional perception. This can result in visual symptoms such as double vision (diplopia), eyestrain, headaches, and difficulty with depth perception.

Vision disparity can be detected through a comprehensive eye examination and may be treated with corrective lenses, prism lenses, vision therapy, or surgery, depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition.

In the context of medicine, "cues" generally refer to specific pieces of information or signals that can help healthcare professionals recognize and respond to a particular situation or condition. These cues can come in various forms, such as:

1. Physical examination findings: For example, a patient's abnormal heart rate or blood pressure reading during a physical exam may serve as a cue for the healthcare professional to investigate further.
2. Patient symptoms: A patient reporting chest pain, shortness of breath, or other concerning symptoms can act as a cue for a healthcare provider to consider potential diagnoses and develop an appropriate treatment plan.
3. Laboratory test results: Abnormal findings on laboratory tests, such as elevated blood glucose levels or abnormal liver function tests, may serve as cues for further evaluation and diagnosis.
4. Medical history information: A patient's medical history can provide valuable cues for healthcare professionals when assessing their current health status. For example, a history of smoking may increase the suspicion for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a patient presenting with respiratory symptoms.
5. Behavioral or environmental cues: In some cases, behavioral or environmental factors can serve as cues for healthcare professionals to consider potential health risks. For instance, exposure to secondhand smoke or living in an area with high air pollution levels may increase the risk of developing respiratory conditions.

Overall, "cues" in a medical context are essential pieces of information that help healthcare professionals make informed decisions about patient care and treatment.

Perceptual masking, also known as sensory masking or just masking, is a concept in sensory perception that refers to the interference in the ability to detect or recognize a stimulus (the target) due to the presence of another stimulus (the mask). This phenomenon can occur across different senses, including audition and vision.

In the context of hearing, perceptual masking occurs when one sound (the masker) makes it difficult to hear another sound (the target) because the two sounds are presented simultaneously or in close proximity to each other. The masker can make the target sound less detectable, harder to identify, or even completely inaudible.

There are different types of perceptual masking, including:

1. Simultaneous Masking: When the masker and target sounds occur at the same time.
2. Temporal Masking: When the masker sound precedes or follows the target sound by a short period. This type of masking can be further divided into forward masking (when the masker comes before the target) and backward masking (when the masker comes after the target).
3. Informational Masking: A more complex form of masking that occurs when the listener's cognitive processes, such as attention or memory, are affected by the presence of the masker sound. This type of masking can make it difficult to understand speech in noisy environments, even if the signal-to-noise ratio is favorable.

Perceptual masking has important implications for understanding and addressing hearing difficulties, particularly in situations with background noise or multiple sounds occurring simultaneously.

Color perception refers to the ability to detect, recognize, and differentiate various colors and color patterns in the visual field. This complex process involves the functioning of both the eyes and the brain.

The eye's retina contains two types of photoreceptor cells called rods and cones. Rods are more sensitive to light and dark changes and help us see in low-light conditions, but they do not contribute much to color vision. Cones, on the other hand, are responsible for color perception and function best in well-lit conditions.

There are three types of cone cells, each sensitive to a particular range of wavelengths corresponding to blue, green, and red colors. The combination of signals from these three types of cones allows us to perceive a wide spectrum of colors.

The brain then interprets these signals and translates them into the perception of different colors and hues. It is important to note that color perception can be influenced by various factors, including cultural background, personal experiences, and even language. Some individuals may also have deficiencies in color perception due to genetic or acquired conditions, such as color blindness or cataracts.

Artificial limbs, also known as prosthetics, are artificial substitutes that replace a part or all of an absent extremity or limb. They are designed to restore the function, mobility, and appearance of the lost limb as much as possible. Artificial limbs can be made from various materials such as wood, plastic, metal, or carbon fiber, and they can be custom-made to fit the individual's specific needs and measurements.

Prosthetic limbs can be categorized into two main types: cosmetic and functional. Cosmetic prosthetics are designed to look like natural limbs and are primarily used to improve the appearance of the person. Functional prosthetics, on the other hand, are designed to help the individual perform specific tasks and activities. They may include features such as hooks, hands, or specialized feet that can be used for different purposes.

Advances in technology have led to the development of more sophisticated artificial limbs, including those that can be controlled by the user's nervous system, known as bionic prosthetics. These advanced prosthetic devices can provide a greater degree of mobility and control for the user, allowing them to perform complex movements and tasks with ease.

The visual cortex is the part of the brain that processes visual information. It is located in the occipital lobe, which is at the back of the brain. The visual cortex is responsible for receiving and interpreting signals from the retina, which are then transmitted through the optic nerve and optic tract.

The visual cortex contains several areas that are involved in different aspects of visual processing, such as identifying shapes, colors, and movements. These areas work together to help us recognize and understand what we see. Damage to the visual cortex can result in various visual impairments, such as blindness or difficulty with visual perception.

... Sdn. Bhd. is also a 3D Production studio which provides services in 3D Graphics and video development, ... Imaginative Illusions Sdn. Bhd. is a multimedia and software development company based in Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. The ...
... (脳内恋愛のススメ, Nōnai Renai no Susume) is a Japanese manga written and illustrated by Reiichi Hiiro. It is ... Douresseaux, Leroy (18 December 2008). "Romantic Illusions (Yaoi)". Comic book bin. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016 ... Lawrence, Briana (23 September 2008). "Romantic Illusions". Mania.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2012. Retrieved ...
... is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Bobby Hutcherson recorded in 1972 and released on the Blue Note ... The Allmusic review by Stephen Thomas Erlewine awarded the album 1½ stars and stated "Natural Illusions is one of the rare ...
Although positive illusions may have short-term benefits, they come with long-term costs. Positive illusions have been linked ... Like many forms of human perception, self-perception is prone to illusion. Positive illusions have been commonly understood as ... The cultural prevalence also has a significant role in positive illusions. Although it is easy to document positive illusions ... Although more academic attention has focused on positive illusions, there are systematic negative illusions that are revealed ...
... " (in German). GfK Entertainment charts. Retrieved August 15, 2020. "Alanis Morissette - Precious Illusions ... "Precious Illusions" was written in the key of E major, with a moderate tempo of 92 beats per minute. Morissette's vocal range ... "Precious Illusions" was first released in Australia on May 20, 2002. In the United Kingdom, two CD singles and a cassette ... "Precious Illusions" was all written, arranged and produced by Alanis Morissette. According to herself, "I went to Toronto to ...
... (1969, Vinyl)". Discogs. Ginell, Richard S. "Sergio Mendes & Brasil '66: Crystal Illusions" at AllMusic. ... Crystal Illusions is the fifth album by Sérgio Mendes and Brasil '66. Sérgio Mendes - keyboards, vocals, arranger, producer ...
... (French: Les Illusions fantaisistes) is a 1909 French short silent film directed by Georges Méliès. Méliès ... This latter stage illusion was created by Méliès as "Le décapité recalcitrant" in 1891, with the head being that of a talkative ... The film includes magic tricks Méliès had previously performed live on stage at his Paris theatre of illusions, the Théâtre ... ISBN 2903053073 Whimsical Illusions at IMDb v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different from ...
... uses archival footage and interviews, such as with founder Larry Harvey. Dust and Illusions at IMDb KBOO ... Dust & Illusions is a 2009 documentary film about Burning Man and its founders. The film has been featured at several film ... Portland Community Radio interview with Olivier Bonin Cinesource Mag - Dust & Illusions at the San Francisco Film Festival News ...
... may refer to: Illusions perdues, serial novel published by Honoré de Balzac between 1837 and 1843 Lost Illusions ... 2011 ballet by Leonid Desyatnikov Lost Illusions (2021 film), directed by Xavier Giannoli The Lost Illusion, alternate title ... painting), 1865 painting by Charles Gleyre Lost Illusions (1911 film), directed by Edwin S. Porter Elveszett illúziók, 1983 ... for the 1948 film The Fallen Idol This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Lost Illusions. If an ...
... is broken into two distinct parts. Part I is a current history and investigation into why people believe ... Green Illusions: The Dirty Secrets of Clean Energy and the Future of Environmentalism (ISBN 978-0-8032-3775-9), by Ozzie Zehner ... We have a consumption crisis." Green Illusions argues that perceived solutions to climate change, such as solar cells, wind ... turbines, and electric cars, are better understood as illusions that people and groups use to convince themselves that they can ...
Illusions funambulesques, sold in the United States as Extraordinary Illusions and in Britain as The 20th Century ... Illusions funambulesques should not be confused with an earlier Méliès film, Dislocation Extraordinary (1901). This earlier ... A 2008 home video Méliès collection used the title Extraordinary Illusions for both the 1901 and the 1903 films. Malthête, ... ISBN 1893967352 Extraordinary Illusions at IMDb (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata ...
"SULK - No Illusions (Perfect Sound Forever)". God Is In The TV. Retrieved 12 April 2016. Kremkau, Bryan. "SULK - "No Illusions ... "SULK - No Illusions". MusicOMH. Retrieved 15 April 2016. Whyte, Joe. "SULK: No Illusions - album review". Louder Than War. ... No Illusions is the second studio album by British psychedelic rock/shoegaze band SULK, released on 15 April 2016 on Perfect ... Black Infinity (Upside Down) The Only Faith Is Love No Illusions Drifting One Day Past Paradise Queen Supreme Love Can't Save ...
... is an Amiga and MS-DOS pinball video game developed by Digital Illusions CE (DICE) in 1995 as a sequel of ... They concluded it to be "solid, if uninspiring, entertainment." Digital Illusions used the four tables from this game to ... Pinball World was released on DOS just after Pinball Illusions. It has nine pinball tables: Africa, Australia, Far East, ... Digital Illusions CE games, DOS games, Pinball video games, Video game sequels, Video games developed in Sweden, Video games ...
... (English) on Mediacorp website Beautiful Illusions (Chinese) on Mediacorp website (Articles with short ... Beautiful Illusions (镜中人) is a Singaporean TV series which aired in 2005. It stars Fann Wong in two diverse roles - a quiet and ... "Beautiful Illusions". Archived from the original on 12 April 2005. ...
... at IMDb Viennale-Trailer 2013: Illusions & Mirrors (by Shirin Neshat) on YouTube v t e (Articles with short ... Illusions & Mirrors is a 2013 short film directed by Iranian-born American artist and filmmaker Shirin Neshat. The film, shot ... Visual Arts News Desk (30 October 2013). "Johnny Azari Composes Music for ILLUSIONS & MIRRORS Film: On View 11/13-25 as Part of ... "Illusions & Mirrors with Natalie Portman". Wall Street International. wsimag.com. Retrieved 21 January 2016. ...
... : Thought Control in Democratic Societies is a 1989 book by United States academic Noam Chomsky concerning ... As a genre of political thought, parallels exist between Niebuhr's "necessary illusions" and the "noble lies" of Plato and Leo ... Likewise, Chomsky's analyses in Necessary Illusions represent a refocus on the use of these patterns of power, which he implies ... Century of the Self Wikiquote has quotations related to Necessary Illusions. v t e (Articles with topics of unclear notability ...
... at IMDb Lies & Illusions at Rotten Tomatoes (Articles with short description, Short description is different ... Lies & Illusions is a 2009 film directed by Tibor Takács starring Christian Slater and Cuba Gooding Jr. A self-help author ( ... Luxford, James (2010-12-15). "Lies and Illusions: shambolic and poorly made". The National. Retrieved 2015-03-14. Spurlin, ... "A decent idea gets drowned in garbled tones and subpar performances with Lies and Illusions, a hybrid flick void of ...
Rachel, Willis (2 June 2021). "Deadly Illusions film review". UK Film Review. Deadly Illusions on Netflix Deadly Illusions at ... Deadly Illusions is a 2021 American erotic thriller film written and directed by Anna Elizabeth James and starring Kristin ... Kay, Jeremy (June 16, 2020). "Voltage launches Cannes sales on 'Deadly Illusions' with Kristin Davis (exclusive)". Screen Daily ... Geisinger, Gabriella (March 18, 2021). "Sex and the City star's erotic thriller Deadly Illusions' twist ending explained". ...
... : The Cult of Multiculturalism in Canada is a non-fiction book by Canadian author Neil Bissoondath, first ... Selling Illusions: The Cult of Multiculturalism in Canada - revised edition 2002, Penguin Canada. "Debated book wins Montador ... Jean-François Fourny, "In Defense of the State: On Neil Bissoondath's Selling Illusions, Michael Lind's The Next American ...
"Coded Illusions profile on Gamasutra". Gamasutra. Retrieved 2008-08-10. "Coded Illusions testing page". Coded Illusions. ... "Coded Illusions projects page". Coded Illusions. Archived from the original on 2008-03-02. Retrieved 2008-06-25. " ... Coded Illusions was a computer game development company based in the Netherlands, founded in August 2005 after being a two-year ... While no further details have been released by Coded Illusions, it appears playtesting for the game has begun early 2008. In ...
... - in English, Lost Illusions - is a serial novel written by the French writer Honoré de Balzac between 1837 ... Illusions perdues at Project Gutenberg Lost Illusions public domain audiobook at LibriVox (CS1 German-language sources (de), ... F. R. Leavis, The Great Tradition, London 1948, p. 29 Donald Adamson, "Illusions perdues", London 1982, p. 86 "Illusions ... Illusions perdues had been adapted several times for film, television, and stage. In 1966, Illusions perdues aired as a 4- ...
... is the seventh single by X Marks the Pedwalk, and the second from the album Human Desolation. It was the ... Paranoid Illusions is a single by German industrial music band X Marks the Pedwalk, the second from the album Human Desolation ... 1] "Paranoid Illusions (Face Edit)" - 4:39 "I See You (Extended)" - 5:08 "Consciousness" - 2:52 "Why?" - 3:58 "Paranoid ... Although the artwork for Paranoid Illusions closely resembles that of Human Desolation, André Schmechta has admitted to not ...
... , also known as Georgy and the Velvet Illusions and the Illusions, were an American garage rock band formed ... "The Velvet Illusions Yakima, Washington". pnwbands.com. Retrieved October 9, 2015. "Velvet Illusions / Born to Be a Rolling ... Upon discovering that another band was known as the Illusions, the band changed their moniker to the Velvet Illusions to ... the band members decided to disband the Velvet Illusions in December 1967. Upon returning to Yakima, former Velvet Illusions ...
They are shown the consequences of their ways as they pass through the "Halls of Illusions". These illusions show what their ... "Halls of Illusions" is the first single by American hip hop duo Insane Clown Posse from their fourth studio album, The Great ... "Halls of Illusions" Official music video (censored) on YouTube v t e (Articles lacking sources from July 2011, All articles ...
... is the third studio album by the Norwegian symphonic black metal band Limbonic Art released in 1998 on ... band photography Epitome of Illusions at Allmusic "MORTEM ZINE - Mainly Black and Doom metal webzine with connection to ...
... at IMDb Lord of Illusions at AllMovie Lord of Illusions at Rotten Tomatoes Lord of Illusions at Box Office ... "Lord of Illusions". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 7 June 2022. Ebert, Roger (August 25, 1995). "Reviews: Lord of Illusions". ... "Lord of Illusions (1995)". AllMovie. Retrieved 1 July 2012. Bromley, Patrick (August 25, 2015). "Lord of Illusions: 20 Years ... "Lord of Illusions". American Film Institute. Retrieved November 21, 2021. "Books Versus Movies". Revelations. Lord of Illusions ...
Müller-Lyer illusion), of orientation (Zöllner illusion, Münsterberg illusion or shifted-chess-board illusion and its café wall ... Geometrical-optical illusions are visual illusions, also optical illusions, in which the geometrical properties of what is seen ... Visual illusions List of optical illusions Richard Gregory Robinson, J.O. (1998) The Psychology of Visual Illusion. Dover, ... A few examples are drawn from the list of optical illusions. They illustrate illusions of position (Poggendorff illusion), of ...
Optical Illusions at IMDb Optical Illusions at Rotten Tomatoes (Use dmy dates from August 2018, Articles with short description ... Optical Illusions (Spanish: Ilusiones ópticas) is a 2009 Chilean-Portuguese-French comedy-drama film directed by Cristián ... Ivan Alvarez de Araya Gregory Cohen Eduardo Paxeco Paola Lattus Álvaro Rudolphy Valentina Vargas "Optical Illusions". Variety. ...
Illusions is the debut studio album of Sadus originally released in 1988. It was re-issued on CD by Roadrunner Records as ... Illusions at AllMusic. Retrieved March 29, 2021. "Związek Producentów Audio-Video :: Polish Society of the Phonographic ...
"Real Illusions: Reflections - Steve Vai". AllMusic. Retrieved 2014-12-12. "Real Illusions: Reflections - Steve Vai , Awards". ... Real Illusions: Reflections is the seventh studio album by guitarist Steve Vai, released on February 22, 2005, through Epic ... Described by Vai as "rock fable", Real Illusions: Reflections is the first part of a three-part concept album about a town ... "Steve Vai - Real Illusions: Reflections (album)". finnishcharts.com. Hung Medien. Retrieved 2014-01-10. Vai, Steve (2005). " ...
Imaginative Illusions Sdn. Bhd. is also a 3D Production studio which provides services in 3D Graphics and video development, ... Imaginative Illusions Sdn. Bhd. is a multimedia and software development company based in Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. The ...
We would like to consider here some tactile illusions that bear a striking similarity to visual illusions. Try the following ... Last, look at the visual illusion above (c). Believe it or not, the middle disk in the left panel of circles is the same size ... The illusion now disappears, suggesting that the filling in occurs at an early stage of tactile information processing, not at ... The cause of this striking illusion has yet to be determined. One possibility is that it has something to do with sensing and ...
Body transfer illusion is the illusion of owning either a part of a body or an entire body other than ones own, thus it is ... Illusion induced through virtual reality[edit]. One of the ways in which body transfer illusion has been studied is through ... Rubber hand illusion[edit]. Ehrsson, Spence, and Passingham (2004) did studies on the "rubber hand illusion", originally ... have not been controlled in rubber hand illusion experiments, and argued that existing reports of body transfer illusions may ...
But that movement is an illusion. And it all relies on a trick of the eye thats been around for almost 200 years. These little ... But that movement is an illusion. And it all relies on a trick of the eye thats been around for almost 200 years. These little ...
... This entry is part of the PBM List.. Costs:. free Frequency:. Twice a month Email:. [email protected] ... Aurora Illusions is a magic shop tucked into the back of an occult bookstore in downtown Anchorage. Employees sell magic tricks ...
Tag: illusions Top 6 Tips for Animating Optical Illusions. Optical illusions are like magic tricks waiting on the page. London- ... Animal - Illusions (part one). Animal created an interesting mixed media short film. Illusions focuses on imagery that fools ...
The Pentagoner: No illusions about Iran. The American public should have no illusions about where Netanyahus vision ultimately ... These facts should shatter any illusions we have about what a conflict would be like with Iran: The reality is that the United ... At the same time, Americans should have no illusions about the long-term efficacy of a strike on Irans nuclear program or the ... But his ultimate audience, the American public, should have no illusions about where the Prime Ministers vision ultimately ...
AGAINST ILLUSIONS. To continue with the theme of the day, I�ll point out that the absolute most dangerous thing that can happen ... going on in the world right now is a serious business and it needs to be viewed clearly and without these kinds of illusions. ...
This huge collection of non-scary optical illusions and fascinating visual phenomena emphasizes interactive exploration, beauty ... Tilt Illusion*»Café Wall« Illusion*Oblique grating simplest*Checker Bulge*Bourdon Illusion*Jastrow Illusion - a classic* ... Müller-Lyer Illusion - test your bisection accuracy*Moon illusion*T-illusion*Sine Illusion*Schäffels Luminance Looming* ... Delboeuf Illusion - with an application to eating*Ebbinghaus Illusion*Dynamic Ebbinghaus Illusion*Pop-out in visual search. ...
Many animals fall for the same optical illusions we do, providing clues about how evolution shapes visual perception. ... Which optical illusions can animals see?. Many animals fall for the same optical illusions we do, providing clues about how ... brains while they were looking at the illusion, they were able to determine that the illusion results from small imbalances in ... Understanding where these illusions arise in different brains could help us not only learn more about how we perceive our world ...
... an optical illusion in which stationary objects shown in rapid succession, transcending the threshold at which they can be ... In illusion: Visual perceptual illusions. The so-called phi phenomenon is an illusion of movement that arises when stationary ... In 1912 Wertheimer discovered the phi phenomenon, an optical illusion in which stationary objects shown in rapid succession, ...
... multiple award winner Rhys Bowen makes early twentieth century New York come vividly to life in The Last Illusion.Iri... ... For my final illusion I will perform a feat that will amaze and astound you-a feat never before attempted in the history of ... I had perfected the illusion.". "How bad is it?" Daniel moved closer to the box. I followed, unnoticed. Lily was lying still ... "I know they are only illusions," she continued, "but they have to have that touch of danger or the public wouldnt come. When ...
In case anyone is still embracing any illusions that General Wesley Clark is likely the hero who can bring closer to fruition ...
Optical illusion: This sky shot has been transformed into a clever optical illusion thanks to Lamadieus illustration ... Share or comment on this article: Thomas Lamadieu creates optical illusions through sky art. * ... As well as surrealism, optical illusion is also a key theme in Lamadieus work - these confusing images combining photography ...
... but Disney Illusion Island eventually comes into its own as a polished, breezy multiplayer action platformer. ... Among the best-remembered Disney games are Castle of Illusion and World of Illusion on the Genesis/Mega Drive. In an era when ... But, in many ways, Illusion Island manages to hit the mark.. The premise of Illusion Island sees Mickey, Minnie, Donald, and ... The developers of the cartoon-themed action platforming title Disney Illusion Island have said that it chose the word "Illusion ...
... a Russian illusion!The Republicans do a good job of playing "footsies" with Russia but, strangely enough, Russians go ... has a ring to it that appeals to Russians but I sense a grave illusion there. Actually, the political game inside of the USA is ...
The first illusion that I have adapted for the pub is the rubber hand illusion. As shown in the video above, this involves ... I have also "discovered" a novel variation of Aristotles illusion, also known as the crossed fingers illusion. As its name ... There are, for example, illusions that do not necessarily support your thesis e.g., Zöllners illusion. Your thesis, what ... llner illusion, one does not construct the various fragments of the illusion and then perceive it. It is instead taken as a ...
Illusions By: Kyriebess Sam gets attacked by a rare creature who is trying to scare him to death. Fortunately, theres a small ... It occurred to him as he ran that the dog was most likely an illusion brought on by the empusa. After all, that was what they ... did: create illusions to frighten young men to death. However, given the fact that his last attempt at telling the empusa off ...
Check out this list of Illusion Softworks Games ...
Unlike the magical pituitary patient, metabolically healthy obesity is an illusion - and we owe it to our patients to treat it ... Cite this: Is Metabolically Healthy Obesity an Illusion? - Medscape - Nov 21, 2023. ...
Inflation Illusion, Mortgages, Behavioral FinanceJEL classification: G12, R2. ... A reduction in inflation can fuel run-ups in housing prices if people suffer from money illusion. For example, investors who ... "Does Inflation Illusion Explain the Relation between REITs and Inflation?," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, ... "Money Illusion in the Stock Market: The Modigliani-Cohn Hypothesis," NBER Working Papers 11018, National Bureau of Economic ...
However, theres a misconception or illusion that self-service means self-sufficient. This article shares a soda fountain ...
A topological maths toy, which transforms from a square to an equilateral triangle; solid aluminium which has been anodised.
Tweet. The argument - or, at least, my argument, and I dare say Arnold Klings argument - that the trade deficit is a red herring is not an argument that an individual, a family, or a firm that consistently spends more than it earns need not worry. Nor is it an argument that the level of savings and investment doesnt matter. Nor is it an argument against the proposition that Uncle Sams profligate spending is wasteful and harmful.. Instead, the argument is that any nation that is reasonably free and open is not a salient economic unit.. Suppose that South Dakota and North Dakota each cede from the U.S. Each of these former states is now an independent country. One is the Republic of South Dakota; the other is the Republic of North Dakota. Happily for the citizens of each of these countries, their respective governments leave them free to trade domestically and internationally - but, for whatever reason, the people of each country of Dakota choose voluntarily not to trade with citizens of the ...
It was another in a long line of optical illusions. The internet is its home ... When optical illusions are mentioned, two things often come to my mind. First up, those annoying magic eye comics I had as a ... It seems optical illusions are everywhere, you just have to look.. From levitating bikes to two-headed children, dogs driving ...
... The admissions-bribery scandal offers a convenient scapegoat for a complex ... But the problem isnt the criminal subversion of meritocracy, its the mundane ways in which the illusion of meritocracy ...
An Artful Illusion. Let me give another example of focused attention. You go to a movie theater, park your car, wait in line, ... As a representational illusion, it is "art-ifice." If its a horror movie, you feel fear; with a comedy, you laugh; with a sad ... We now live in the functional illusion of representational form. It is on this basis that we function in the world. ... It is synthetic neurologic illusion created by our brain. We consciously make sense of the world through our invisible play. ...
Read or print original Dying Illusion lyrics 2023 updated! From the bottom of the pit of nightmares she will come / From the ... The dying illusion. The loss of a friend. The dying illusion. Please come back again. The hideous smile of the devils child ... The dying illusion. The loss of a friend. The dying illusion. Please come back again ...
  • The results support the notion that bottom-up perceptual mechanisms, such as those involving the premotor cortex and cerebellum , can temporarily override top down knowledge therefore resulting in a radical illusion of transfer of body ownership. (wikipedia.org)
  • Al Seckel, an expert on illusions, explores the perceptual illusions that fool our brains. (ted.com)
  • White's illusion, as well as numerous other visual and perceptual illusions , provide a valuable way to investigate how the eye and brain process visual information. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • 2003. "Perceptual organization and White's illusion" Perception , 2003. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Optical illusions are like magic tricks waiting on the page. (motionographer.com)
  • Which optical illusions can animals see? (nationalgeographic.com)
  • Many animals fall for the same optical illusions we do, providing clues about how evolution shapes visual perception. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • In 1912 Wertheimer discovered the phi phenomenon, an optical illusion in which stationary objects shown in rapid succession, transcending the threshold at which they can be perceived separately, appear to move. (britannica.com)
  • It seems optical illusions are everywhere, you just have to look. (siliconrepublic.com)
  • When optical illusions are mentioned, two things often come to my mind. (siliconrepublic.com)
  • We found the best optical illusions on Reddit, and they're guaranteed to confuse you. (buzzfeed.com)
  • Installed by 90 people over a five day period, the incredible optical illusion is 100 meters long and takes up 1200 square meters of lawn. (inhabitat.com)
  • Admit it - weren't you a bit fooled by French artist François Abélanet's grassy 3-D anamorphosis optical illusion seen above? (inhabitat.com)
  • For the experiment, the researchers used a well-known optical illusion. (newstrackindia.com)
  • White's illusion is an optical illusion illustrating the fact that the same target luminance can elicit different perceptions of brightness in different contexts. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • An equally rare fourth album "Through the Fire" followed in 2001, which was released under the band name of Renaissance Illusion. (progarchives.com)
  • Tom Bale, a Sussex-based writer, is about to shatter some illusions about that fair county with his first thriller, Skin and Bones , which is published by Preface/Random House in January 2009, and has nasty things happening in nice places. (shotsmag.co.uk)
  • Among the best-remembered Disney games are Castle of Illusion and World of Illusion on the Genesis/Mega Drive. (gamespot.com)
  • Minnie Mouse has been kidnapped by the evil witch Mizrabel, and it's up to Mickey Mouse to venture through the mysterious worlds of the Castle of Illusion to rescue her in this 2D platformer (and collaboration between Disney and Sega). (rockpapershotgun.com)
  • A new Munker illusion. (buzzfeed.com)
  • White's illusion is sometimes combined with the Munker illusion (a similar illusion that uses colors instead of grayscale) and referred to as the "Munker-White" illusion. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • White's illusion was discovered in 1979 by M. White, who published his findings in the psychological journal Perception in 1979 and 1981. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • White's illusion is made up of a series of black and white horizontal bars. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The fact that White's illusion behaves in opposition to what would be expected by physiological mechanisms such as simultaneous contrast and lateral inhibition has sparked scientists and researchers into an attempt to discover the actual mechanism that causes the effect. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • In an August study in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , for example, Yale researchers showed that fruit flies, like humans, can be fooled into seeing motion in an image where there is none, such as the rotating snake illusion , well-known to neuroscientists and psychologists. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • Psychologists and neuroscientists have long used illusions to investigate the mechanisms underlying perception. (scienceblogs.com)
  • The PBS documentary, Perfect Illusions: Disorders and the Family , hosted by Lauren Hutton, is unique in its focus on the role of the family in the evolution and treatment of, and eating disorders recovery. (healthyplace.com)
  • Perfect Illusions includes interviews with specialists in the treatment for anorexia and treatment for bulimia, and visits a support group for the parents of those suffering from eating disorders. (healthyplace.com)
  • Perfect Illusions is an unprecedented exploration of the role family issues and societal pressures can play in eating disorders. (healthyplace.com)
  • We would like to consider here some tactile illusions that bear a striking similarity to visual illusions. (scientificamerican.com)
  • Body transfer illusion has been used in order to treat the experience of phantom limb pain by giving visual feedback of the missing limb . (wikipedia.org)
  • Visual illusions remind us that we are not passive decoders of reality but active interpreters. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • Scientists have used illusions for decades to explore the psychological and cognitive processes that underlie human visual perception. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • More recently, evidence is emerging that suggests many animals, like us, can perceive and create a range of visual illusions. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • Moreover, by tracking and manipulating neurons in visual processing areas of the flies' brains while they were looking at the illusion, they were able to determine that the illusion results from small imbalances in the contributions of different types of motion-detecting neurons. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • This is demonstrated by visual illusions , which produce discrepancies between physical reality and what we see of it, and by illusions of bodily awareness, which distort the way we perceive our bodies. (scienceblogs.com)
  • This is usually done in a laboratory setting, using specially designed equipment and, in the case of visual illusions, sensory stimuli. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Some theories stay within the framework of simultaneous contrast, but propose that the reactions of different parts of the visual system are responsible for the illusion. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The fact that this illusion contradicts previous assumptions about the visual system may help scientists to come to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in vision and perception . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Understanding where these illusions arise in different brains could help us not only learn more about how we perceive our world, but also how other animals perceive theirs. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • There are numerous examples showing that not only can many animals perceive the same illusions as humans, they also can create and use illusions to trick others. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • Ehrsson, Spence, and Passingham (2004) did studies on the "rubber hand illusion", originally reported by Botvinick and Cohen in 1998. (wikipedia.org)
  • The first illusion that I have adapted for the pub is the rubber hand illusion . (scienceblogs.com)
  • I have been practising the rubber hand illusion, and so far have induced it with varying degrees of success in about half a dozen willing participants, using a Star Nail Practice Hand purchased from Amazon, which is designed for trainee beauticians to practice their manicure skills. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Like the rubber hand illusion, this one arises because crossing your fingers alters the sensory information entering the brain. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Some illusions of bodily awareness can, however, be easily induced without an elaborate experimental set-up or complex images. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Prediction errors in bodily estimates predicted posterior bodily estimate distortions after the illusion , but while this relationship was only significant in the synchronous condition in healthy participants , there was no significant difference between synchronous and asynchronous conditions in AN patients . (bvsalud.org)
  • Lorimer Moseley and his colleagues found that the temperature of the real hand drops , showing that the brain neglects - or disowns - it during the illusion. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Our consciousness is a brain-generated neurologic illusion. (medscape.com)
  • The trick seems to work for bowerbirds-the males who create higher quality forced perspective illusions get more mates. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • Other theories propose that the processing of the T-junctions (the area where the gray stripes intersect adjacent stripes) create the illusion. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The difficulty of it lies in our societies' ability to create perfect illusions. (healthyplace.com)
  • Disaster planning based on incorrect assumptions can create an illusion of preparedness. (cdc.gov)
  • You may not give the impression or create the illusion that MedlinePlus pages are under another domain name or location. (medlineplus.gov)
  • That is, we (our brains) tend to reinterpret or discard some information, even when doing so may produce errors or illusions (as with the ventriloquist). (scientificamerican.com)
  • To dispel the illusions, the chapter suggests an alternative path forward that is defined by "diverse. (lu.se)
  • To dispel the illusions, the chapter suggests an alternative path forward that is defined by "diverse economies," which recognize the diversity of economic activity that operates beyond or outside the profit motive. (lu.se)
  • Male bowerbirds are very particular about the arrangement of their special objects and rely on an illusion known as forced perspective to give them a boost. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • The " checker shadow illusion " is another famous mind trick, as MIT professor Edward H. Adelson pointed out in 1964. (buzzfeed.com)
  • The so-called phi phenomenon is an illusion of movement that arises when stationary objects-light bulbs, for example-are placed side by side and illuminated rapidly one after another. (britannica.com)
  • Incredible Grass Globe Illusion Pops up in Paris! (inhabitat.com)
  • Lost Illusions is not only an excellent period drama recreating with its costumes, sets, and production design Paris in the 1820s, but a faithful translation of the vision of its brilliant world-famous author into cinematic terms. (kxci.org)
  • We find that inflation and nominal interest rates explain a large share of the time-series variation of the mispricing, and that the tilt effect is very unlikely to rationalize this finding.Keywords: Housing, Real Estate, Inflation, Inflation Illusion, Mortgages, Behavioral FinanceJEL classification: G12, R2. (repec.org)
  • A 14-year-old male laborer (the victim) died of crushing injuries after a damaged portion of hoisting apparatus (illusion unit) at an automobile repossession yard fell on him. (cdc.gov)
  • Aurora Illusions is a magic shop tucked into the back of an occult bookstore in downtown Anchorage. (pbm.com)
  • For my final illusion I will perform a feat that will amaze and astound you-a feat never before attempted in the history of magic, a feat fraught with danger and horror. (macmillan.com)
  • Money illusion and housing frenzies ," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 4806, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library. (repec.org)
  • For Pfister, realistic thinking and desire are not illusions and must live along in different dimensions of life, including science. (bvsalud.org)
  • The effect of the White illusion is opposite to what would be expected from a simple physiological explanation on the basis of simultaneous contrast (the rectangles sharing the long borders with the dark stripes should appear brighter, not darker). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Money Illusion and Housing Frenzies ," Review of Financial Studies , Society for Financial Studies, vol. 21(1), pages 135-180, January. (repec.org)
  • Art of Illusion is a 3D modeling package which handles ray tracing and rendering of CGI images or movies. (adtmag.com)
  • But in reality - if you can call it that - he's the leader of a crew of slighted high tech con artists using advanced combat drones equipped with a new type of "illusion" technology capable of projecting complex images into the physical world that seem real. (yahoo.com)
  • Recently I described the illusion to a group of people in a pub, and wanted to demonstrate it to them, but of course I didn't have my rubber hand with me. (scienceblogs.com)
  • A reduction in inflation can fuel run-ups in housing prices if people suffer from money illusion. (repec.org)
  • Good special effects in movies are effective because they make illusions seem real. (cdc.gov)
  • In 2019, Italian researchers presented captive lions with the rotating snake illusion . (nationalgeographic.com)
  • How playful art offers the illusion of agency and how rules can be considered a type of enabling constraint. (lu.se)
  • One of the ways in which body transfer illusion has been studied is through virtual reality simulation where a first person perspective of a life-sized virtual human female body has appeared to substitute the male subjects' own body. (wikipedia.org)
  • AN patients (N=15) completed a Virtual Reality Full-Body Illusion along with interoceptive tasks twice at hospital admission during an acute symptomatological phase ( Time 1) and after a 12-week outpatient clinical weight-restoring rehabilitative program ( Time 2). (bvsalud.org)
  • In case anyone is still embracing any illusions that General Wesley Clark is likely the hero who can bring closer to fruition our belief and hope that Another World Is Possible, here are a few more items about this charming man. (counterpunch.org)
  • Illusions focuses on imagery that fools the viewer while examining its real world parallels. (motionographer.com)
  • What's going on in the world right now is a serious business and it needs to be viewed clearly and without these kinds of illusions. (prospect.org)