Intracranial tumors originating in the region of the brain inferior to the tentorium cerebelli, which contains the cerebellum, fourth ventricle, cerebellopontine angle, brain stem, and related structures. Primary tumors of this region are more frequent in children, and may present with ATAXIA; CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES; vomiting; HEADACHE; HYDROCEPHALUS; or other signs of neurologic dysfunction. Relatively frequent histologic subtypes include TERATOMA; MEDULLOBLASTOMA; GLIOBLASTOMA; ASTROCYTOMA; EPENDYMOMA; CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA; and choroid plexus papilloma (PAPILLOMA, CHOROID PLEXUS).
Glioma derived from EPENDYMOGLIAL CELLS that tend to present as malignant intracranial tumors in children and as benign intraspinal neoplasms in adults. It may arise from any level of the ventricular system or central canal of the spinal cord. Intracranial ependymomas most frequently originate in the FOURTH VENTRICLE and histologically are densely cellular tumors which may contain ependymal tubules and perivascular pseudorosettes. Spinal ependymomas are usually benign papillary or myxopapillary tumors. (From DeVita et al., Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2018; Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp28-9)
Primary and metastatic (secondary) tumors of the brain located above the tentorium cerebelli, a fold of dura mater separating the CEREBELLUM and BRAIN STEM from the cerebral hemispheres and DIENCEPHALON (i.e., THALAMUS and HYPOTHALAMUS and related structures). In adults, primary neoplasms tend to arise in the supratentorial compartment, whereas in children they occur more frequently in the infratentorial space. Clinical manifestations vary with the location of the lesion, but SEIZURES; APHASIA; HEMIANOPSIA; hemiparesis; and sensory deficits are relatively common features. Metastatic supratentorial neoplasms are frequently multiple at the time of presentation.
An intracranial or rarely intraspinal suppurative process invading the space between the inner surface of the DURA MATER and the outer surface of the ARACHNOID.
A non-inherited congenital condition with vascular and neurological abnormalities. It is characterized by facial vascular nevi (PORT-WINE STAIN), and capillary angiomatosis of intracranial membranes (MENINGES; CHOROID). Neurological features include EPILEPSY; cognitive deficits; GLAUCOMA; and visual defects.
Bleeding within the SKULL that is caused by systemic HYPERTENSION, usually in association with INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOSCLEROSIS. Hypertensive hemorrhages are most frequent in the BASAL GANGLIA; CEREBELLUM; PONS; and THALAMUS; but may also involve the CEREBRAL CORTEX, subcortical white matter, and other brain structures.
The infratentorial compartment that contains the CEREBELLUM and BRAIN STEM. It is formed by the posterior third of the superior surface of the body of the sphenoid (SPHENOID BONE), by the occipital, the petrous, and mastoid portions of the TEMPORAL BONE, and the posterior inferior angle of the PARIETAL BONE.
Rare, slow-growing, benign intraventricular tumors, often asymptomatic and discovered incidentally. The tumors are classified histologically as ependymomas and demonstrate a proliferation of subependymal fibrillary astrocytes among the ependymal tumor cells. (From Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1997 Feb;99(1):17-22)
Inflammation of the honeycomb-like MASTOID BONE in the skull just behind the ear. It is usually a complication of OTITIS MEDIA.
Primary or metastatic neoplasms of the CEREBELLUM. Tumors in this location frequently present with ATAXIA or signs of INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION due to obstruction of the fourth ventricle. Common primary cerebellar tumors include fibrillary ASTROCYTOMA and cerebellar HEMANGIOBLASTOMA. The cerebellum is a relatively common site for tumor metastases from the lung, breast, and other distant organs. (From Okazaki & Scheithauer, Atlas of Neuropathology, 1988, p86 and p141)
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.
Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, GAIT ATAXIA, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.
Neoplasms located in the brain ventricles, including the two lateral, the third, and the fourth ventricle. Ventricular tumors may be primary (e.g., CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS and GLIOMA, SUBEPENDYMAL), metastasize from distant organs, or occur as extensions of locally invasive tumors from adjacent brain structures.
An irregularly shaped cavity in the RHOMBENCEPHALON, located between the MEDULLA OBLONGATA; the PONS; and the isthmus in front, and the CEREBELLUM behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the SUBARACHNOID SPACE.
Congenital vascular anomalies in the brain characterized by direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the CAPILLARIES. The locations and size of the shunts determine the symptoms including HEADACHES; SEIZURES; STROKE; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; mass effect; and vascular steal effect.
Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the cranium which may be associated with dilation of cerebral ventricles, INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; HEADACHE; lethargy; URINARY INCONTINENCE; and ATAXIA.
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.
The part of brain that lies behind the BRAIN STEM in the posterior base of skull (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR). It is also known as the "little brain" with convolutions similar to those of CEREBRAL CORTEX, inner white matter, and deep cerebellar nuclei. Its function is to coordinate voluntary movements, maintain balance, and learn motor skills.
Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces.
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
Surgery performed on the nervous system or its parts.
The part of the brain that connects the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES with the SPINAL CORD. It consists of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; and MEDULLA OBLONGATA.
Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.
Four CSF-filled (see CEREBROSPINAL FLUID) cavities within the cerebral hemispheres (LATERAL VENTRICLES), in the midline (THIRD VENTRICLE) and within the PONS and MEDULLA OBLONGATA (FOURTH VENTRICLE).

Familial posterior fossa brain tumors of infancy secondary to germline mutation of the hSNF5 gene. (1/77)

We have identified a family afflicted over multiple generations with posterior fossa tumors of infancy, including central nervous system (CNS) malignant rhabdoid tumor (a subset of primitive neuroectodermal tumors, or PNET) and choroid plexus carcinoma. Various hereditary tumor syndromes, including Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Gorlin syndrome, and Turcot syndrome, have been linked to increased risk of developing CNS PNETs and choroid plexus tumors. Malignant rhabdoid tumors of the CNS and kidney show loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 22q11. The hSNF5 gene on chromosome 22q11 has recently been identified as a candidate tumor-suppressor gene in sporadic CNS and renal malignant rhabdoid tumors. We describe a family in which both affected and some unaffected family members were found to have a germline splice-site mutation of the hSNF5 gene, leading to exclusion of exon 7 from the mature cDNA and a subsequent frameshift. Tumor tissue shows loss of the wild-type hSNF5 allele, in keeping with a tumor-suppressor gene. These findings suggest that germline mutations in hSNF5 are associated with a novel autosomal dominant syndrome with incomplete penetrance that predisposes to malignant posterior fossa brain tumors in infancy.  (+info)

The normal patched allele is expressed in medulloblastomas from mice with heterozygous germ-line mutation of patched. (2/77)

Defects in a developmental signaling pathway involving mammalian homologues of the Drosophila segment polarity gene, patched (ptc) and its ligand, sonic hedgehog (shh), contribute to tumor formation in several tissues. Recently, a subset of medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in children, was found to contain somatic mutations in the human ptc gene. In addition, basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS), or Gorlin syndrome, which is characterized by developmental anomalies and a predisposition to skin and nervous system malignancies, is associated with germ-line mutation of ptc. Targeted disruption of both alleles of ptc in mice results in embryonic lethality. However, ptc+/- mice survive and develop spontaneous cerebellar brain tumors, suggesting that ptc may function as a tumor suppressor gene. Therefore, we investigated ptc+/-mice as a model for human medulloblastoma. We report that 14% of ptc+/- mice develop central nervous system tumors in the posterior fossa by 10 months of age, with peak tumor incidence occurring between 16 and 24 weeks of age. The tumors exhibited several characteristics of human medulloblastoma, including expression of intermediate filament proteins specific for neurons and glia. Full-length ptc mRNA was present in all tumors analyzed, indicating that there was no loss of heterozygosity at the ptc locus. Nucleotide sequence of ptc mRNA from four tumors failed to identify any mutations. However, a comparison of the normal ptc sequence from C57BL/6 and 129Sv mice did reveal several polymorphisms. High levels of glil mRNA and protein were detected in the tumors, suggesting that the shh/ptc pathway was activated despite the persistence of ptc expression. These data indicate that haploinsufficiency of ptc is sufficient to promote oncogenesis in the central nervous system.  (+info)

Ependymoma with extensive lipidization mimicking adipose tissue: a report of five cases. (3/77)

Lipomatous ependymoma is a recently described entity and only 3 cases of this variant have been reported in the literature. We report 5 cases of this rare variant of ependymoma. Patients age ranged from 4 years to 45 years and, interestingly, all of them were males. Two tumors were supratentorial in location, 2 in the fourth ventricle and 1 was intramedullary. Microscopically all of them showed the classical histology of ependymoma along with lipomatous differentiation. The lipomatous component was composed of cells with a large clear vacuole pushing the nucleus to the periphery and giving a signet ring cell appearance. This component demonstrated positivity for GFAP and S-100 protein thereby confirming its glial lineage. Three of the 5 tumors were high grade (WHO-grade III), had a high MIB-1 labelling index (MIB-1 LI) and showed recurrence on follow-up. However, 2 were low grade (WHO grade II) and patients are free of disease till the last follow up.  (+info)

Low-stage medulloblastoma: final analysis of trial comparing standard-dose with reduced-dose neuraxis irradiation. (4/77)

PURPOSE: To evaluate prospectively the effects on survival, relapse-free survival, and patterns of relapse of reduced-dose (23.4 Gy in 13 fractions) compared with standard-dose (36 Gy in 20 fractions) neuraxis irradiation in patients 3 to 21 years of age with low-stage medulloblastoma, minimal postoperative residual disease, and no evidence of neuraxis disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The Pediatric Oncology Group and Children's Cancer Group randomized 126 patients to the study. All patients received posterior fossa irradiation to a total dose of 54 Gy in addition to the neuraxis treatment. Patients were staged postoperatively with contrast-enhanced cranial computed tomography, myelography, and CSF cytology. Of the registered patients, 38 were ineligible. RESULTS: The planned interim analysis that resulted in closure of the protocol showed that patients randomized to the reduced neuraxis treatment had increased frequency of relapse. In the final analysis, eligible patients receiving standard-dose neuraxis irradiation had 67% event-free survival (EFS) at 5 years (SE = 7.4%), whereas eligible patients receiving reduced-dose neuraxis irradiation had 52% event-free survival at 5 years (SE = 7.7%) (P =.080). At 8 years, the respective EFS proportions were also 67% (SE = 8.8%) and 52% (SE = 11%) (P =.141). These data confirm the original one-sided conclusions but suggest that differences are less marked with time. CONCLUSION: Reduced-dose neuraxis irradiation (23.4 Gy) is associated with increased risk of early relapse, early isolated neuraxis relapse, and lower 5-year EFS and overall survival than standard irradiation (36 Gy). The 5-year EFS for patients receiving standard-dose irradiation is suboptimal, and improved techniques and/or therapies are needed to improve ultimate outcome. Chemotherapy may contribute to this improvement.  (+info)

Adult medulloblastoma: multiagent chemotherapy. (5/77)

In this study, the records of 17 adult patients with medulloblastoma treated with craniospinal radiation and 1 of 2 multiagent chemotherapy protocols were reviewed for progression-free survival, overall survival, and toxicity, and the patients were compared with each other and with similarly treated children and adults. Records of patients treated at 3 institutions were reviewed. Seventeen medulloblastoma patients (11 female, 6 male) with a median age of 23 years (range, 18-47 years) were treated with surgery, craniospinal radiation (CSRT) plus local boost, and 1 of 2 adjuvant chemotherapy regimens. All tumors were infratentorial (10 in 4th ventricle and 7 in left or right hemisphere). Ten patients presented with hydrocephalus, and 7 of them were shunted. Eight patients had gross total resection, 7 had subtotal resection (>50% removed), and 2 had partial resection (<50% removed). Postoperatively, 3 patients had positive cytology and 3 had positive spinal MRI. Five patients were classified as good risk and 12 were classified as poor risk (Chang staging system). Ten patients were treated with the "Packer protocol," consisting of CSRT plus weekly vincristine followed by 8 cycles of cisplatin, lomustine, and vincristine. Seven patients were treated with the Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) protocol, consisting of alternating courses of cisplatin/etoposide and cyclophosphamide/vincristine, followed by CSRT. Eight of 17 patients relapsed, with all 8 relapsing at the primary site. Other relapse sites included the leptomeninges (5), bone (1), and brain (1). The estimated median relapse-free survival (Kaplan-Meier) for all patients was 48 months (95% confidence interval, >26 months to infinity). Median relapse-free survival for patients on the Packer protocol was 26 months, and for those on the POG regimen was 48 months (P = 0.410). Five of 10 on the Packer protocol were relapse-free, while 4 of 7 were relapse-free on the POG regimen. Two patients relapsed during chemotherapy and 6 relapsed after completing all therapy at 18, 18, 26, 30, 40, and 48 months. The estimated median survival of all patients was 56 months (95% confidence interval, 27 to infinity) with 11 patients alive; for the Packer protocol, median survival was 36 months, and for the POG protocol, it was 57 months (P = 0.058). The hazard ratio was 0 (95% confidence interval, 0 to infinity). Toxicity during the Packer protocol was moderately severe, with only 1 of 10 patients able to complete all therapy. Two patients had severe abdominal pain during CSRT + vincristine, and 5 had peripheral neuropathy during vincristine therapy. Hearing loss (>20 dB) occurred in 7, neutropenia (<500 microl) in 6, thrombocytopenia (<50,000 microl) in 6, nephrotoxicity (>25% decrease by creatinine clearance) in 2, and decreased pulmonary function (diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide decrease >40%) in 1. On the POG protocol, only 1 patient had persistent nausea and vomiting, 2 had peripheral neuropathy, and 3 had hearing deficit (>20 dB) or tinnitus. The POG and Packer protocols did not have a statistically significant difference in relapse-free or overall survival because of the small sample size. The POG protocol seemed to have less nonhematologic toxicity. Adults on the Packer protocol appeared to have shorter median survival and greater toxicity than did children. To know whether adding adjuvant chemotherapy to craniospinal radiation in adult therapy increases relapse-free and overall survival, we must await the results of a larger randomized controlled clinical trial.  (+info)

Unusual imaging appearance of an intracranial dermoid cyst. (6/77)

Intracranial dermoid cysts have characteristic CT and MR imaging findings that generally make preoperative diagnosis straightforward. Enhancement of uncomplicated intradural dermoid cysts on CT or MR studies has been reported but is rare. We present a case of a posterior fossa dermoid cyst that was not only hyperattenuating on CT scans but also contained a mural nodule with clear evidence of enhancement on MR images.  (+info)

Anterior transpetrosal approach for pontine cavernous angioma--case report. (7/77)

A 58-year-old male patient presented with headache and unsteady gait. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed hemorrhage from a pontine cavernous angioma. The patient experienced stepwise aggravation of symptoms due to repeated hemorrhages. We decided to surgically remove the pontine cavernous angioma through an anterior transpetrosal approach, since the angioma and hematoma were located near the ventrolateral surface of the pons. The brain stem was incised at a site caudal to the trigeminal nerve and the hematoma and angioma were totally removed. No additional neurological deficits were observed following surgery. Brain stem cavernous angiomas are usually removed via a trans-fourth ventricle or lateral suboccipital approach. However, these approaches may not be appropriate if the angioma is located ventrally to the pons. We propose that the anterior transpetrosal approach is the method of choice for ventrally located pontine cavernous angioma.  (+info)

MRI findings in a case of a superficial siderosis associated with an ependymoma. (8/77)

We present the imaging findings of superficial siderosis of the central nervous system associated with an ependymoma of the posterior fossa in a patient who presented with progressive bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and cerebellar ataxia. The ependymoma was a homogeneous well-defined mass of the fourth ventricle without hydrocephalus. Secondary siderosis due to chronic bleeding from the ependymoma appeared as linear hypointensity delineating the surface of the cortex, thin and subtle on spin-echo T2-weighted images, thick and obvious on gradient-echo T2-weighted images.  (+info)

Infratentorial neoplasms refer to tumors that originate in the region of the brain called the posterior fossa, which is located below the tentorium cerebelli (a membranous structure that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum). This area contains several important structures such as the cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata, and fourth ventricle. Infratentorial neoplasms can be benign or malignant and can arise from various cell types including nerve cells, glial cells, or supportive tissues. They can cause a variety of symptoms depending on their location and size, such as headache, vomiting, unsteady gait, weakness, numbness, vision changes, hearing loss, and difficulty swallowing or speaking. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

Ependymoma is a type of brain or spinal cord tumor that develops from the ependymal cells that line the ventricles (fluid-filled spaces) in the brain, or the central canal of the spinal cord. These tumors can be benign or malignant, and they can cause various symptoms depending on their location and size.

Ependymomas are relatively rare, accounting for about 2-3% of all primary brain and central nervous system tumors. They most commonly occur in children and young adults, but they can also affect older individuals. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, followed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy, depending on the grade and location of the tumor. The prognosis for ependymomas varies widely, with some patients experiencing long-term survival and others having more aggressive tumors that are difficult to treat.

Supratentorial neoplasms refer to tumors that originate in the region of the brain located above the tentorium cerebelli, which is a dual layer of dura mater (the protective outer covering of the brain) that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum. This area includes the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland. Supratentorial neoplasms can be benign or malignant and may arise from various cell types such as neurons, glial cells, meninges, or blood vessels. They can cause a variety of neurological symptoms depending on their size, location, and rate of growth.

Empyema subdural is a medical condition characterized by the presence of pus (purulent material) in the potential space between the dura mater and the arachnoid membrane of the brain. This space is called the subdural space. Empyema subdural can result from an infection that spreads from nearby areas such as the skull, face, or sinuses, or it can occur as a complication of neurosurgical procedures.

The symptoms of empyema subdural may include headache, altered mental status, fever, seizures, and neurological deficits depending on the severity and location of the infection. Diagnosis is usually made with the help of imaging studies such as CT or MRI scans, and treatment typically involves surgical drainage of the pus along with antibiotic therapy to eliminate the underlying infection. If left untreated, empyema subdural can lead to serious complications such as brain abscess, meningitis, or even death.

Sturge-Weber syndrome is a rare neurocutaneous disorder characterized by the combination of a facial port-wine birthmark and neurological abnormalities. The facial birthmark, which is typically located on one side of the face, occurs due to the malformation of small blood vessels (capillaries) in the skin and eye.

Neurological features often include seizures that begin in infancy, muscle weakness or paralysis on one side of the body (hemiparesis), developmental delay, and intellectual disability. These neurological symptoms are caused by abnormal blood vessel formation in the brain (leptomeningeal angiomatosis) leading to increased pressure, reduced blood flow, and potential damage to the brain tissue.

Sturge-Weber syndrome can also affect the eyes, with glaucoma being a common occurrence due to increased pressure within the eye. Early diagnosis and appropriate management of this condition are crucial for improving the quality of life and reducing potential complications.

Intracranial hemorrhage, hypertensive is a type of intracranial hemorrhage that occurs due to the rupture of blood vessels in the brain as a result of chronic high blood pressure (hypertension). It is also known as hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.

Hypertension can weaken and damage the walls of the small arteries and arterioles in the brain over time, making them more susceptible to rupture. When these blood vessels burst, they cause bleeding into the surrounding brain tissue, forming a hematoma that can compress and damage brain cells.

Intracranial hemorrhage, hypertensive is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. Symptoms may include sudden severe headache, weakness or numbness in the face or limbs, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, vision changes, loss of balance or coordination, and altered level of consciousness.

The diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage, hypertensive is typically made through imaging tests such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Treatment may involve medications to reduce blood pressure, surgery to remove the hematoma, and supportive care to manage complications such as brain swelling or seizures.

The posterior cranial fossa is a term used in anatomy to refer to the portion of the skull that forms the lower, back part of the cranial cavity. It is located between the occipital bone and the temporal bones, and it contains several important structures including the cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata, and the lower cranial nerves (IX-XII). The posterior fossa also contains the foramen magnum, which is a large opening through which the spinal cord connects to the brainstem. This region of the skull is protected by the occipital bone, which forms the base of the skull and provides attachment for several neck muscles.

A subependymal glioma is a rare, typically slow-growing type of brain tumor that develops in the lining of the fluid-filled spaces (ventricles) within the brain. These tumors are formed from glial cells, which are supportive cells that help nerve cells function.

Subependymal gliomas are often associated with a genetic disorder called tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), and they account for about 10-15% of all brain tumors in TSC patients. These tumors usually appear as small, nodular growths on the walls of the ventricles, particularly near the region where the ventricles connect to the lower part of the brain (the brainstem).

Although subependymal gliomas are generally slow-growing, they can cause symptoms by obstructing the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricles. This obstruction can lead to an increase in intracranial pressure and a condition called hydrocephalus, which may require surgical intervention to alleviate. Symptoms of subependymal gliomas can include headaches, vomiting, seizures, balance problems, and developmental delays.

Treatment options for subependymal gliomas depend on the size and location of the tumor, as well as the presence of any associated symptoms. In some cases, these tumors may not require treatment if they are small and asymptomatic. However, if the tumor is causing obstruction or symptoms, surgical removal or other treatments such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be necessary. Regular follow-up with imaging studies is essential to monitor the growth and development of subependymal gliomas in TSC patients.

Mastoiditis is a medical condition characterized by an infection and inflammation of the mastoid process, which is the bony prominence located behind the ear. The mastoid process contains air cells that are connected to the middle ear, and an infection in the middle ear (otitis media) can spread to the mastoid process, resulting in mastoiditis.

The symptoms of mastoiditis may include:

* Pain and tenderness behind the ear
* Swelling or redness of the skin behind the ear
* Ear drainage or discharge
* Fever and headache
* Hearing loss or difficulty hearing

Mastoiditis is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to eliminate the infection, as well as possible surgical intervention if the infection does not respond to medication or if it has caused significant damage to the mastoid process. If left untreated, mastoiditis can lead to complications such as meningitis, brain abscess, or even death.

Cerebellar neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the cerebellum, which is the part of the brain responsible for coordinating muscle movements and maintaining balance. These tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), and they can arise from various types of cells within the cerebellum.

The most common type of cerebellar neoplasm is a medulloblastoma, which arises from primitive nerve cells in the cerebellum. Other types of cerebellar neoplasms include astrocytomas, ependymomas, and brain stem gliomas. Symptoms of cerebellar neoplasms may include headaches, vomiting, unsteady gait, coordination problems, and visual disturbances. Treatment options depend on the type, size, and location of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health and age. Treatment may involve surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.

Medical Definition:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed cross-sectional or three-dimensional images of the internal structures of the body. The patient lies within a large, cylindrical magnet, and the scanner detects changes in the direction of the magnetic field caused by protons in the body. These changes are then converted into detailed images that help medical professionals to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as tumors, injuries, or diseases affecting the brain, spinal cord, heart, blood vessels, joints, and other internal organs. MRI does not use radiation like computed tomography (CT) scans.

Cerebellar diseases refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the cerebellum, which is the part of the brain located at the back of the head, below the occipital lobe and above the brainstem. The cerebellum plays a crucial role in motor control, coordination, balance, and some cognitive functions.

Cerebellar diseases can be caused by various factors, including genetics, infections, tumors, stroke, trauma, or degenerative processes. These conditions can result in a wide range of symptoms, such as:

1. Ataxia: Loss of coordination and unsteady gait
2. Dysmetria: Inability to judge distance and force while performing movements
3. Intention tremors: Shaking or trembling that worsens during purposeful movements
4. Nystagmus: Rapid, involuntary eye movement
5. Dysarthria: Speech difficulty due to muscle weakness or incoordination
6. Hypotonia: Decreased muscle tone
7. Titubation: Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of the head and neck
8. Cognitive impairment: Problems with memory, attention, and executive functions

Some examples of cerebellar diseases include:

1. Ataxia-telangiectasia
2. Friedrich's ataxia
3. Multiple system atrophy (MSA)
4. Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs)
5. Cerebellar tumors, such as medulloblastomas or astrocytomas
6. Infarctions or hemorrhages in the cerebellum due to stroke or trauma
7. Infections, such as viral encephalitis or bacterial meningitis
8. Autoimmune disorders, like multiple sclerosis (MS) or paraneoplastic syndromes
9. Metabolic disorders, such as Wilson's disease or phenylketonuria (PKU)
10. Chronic alcoholism and withdrawal

Treatment for cerebellar diseases depends on the underlying cause and may involve medications, physical therapy, surgery, or supportive care to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Cerebral ventricle neoplasms refer to tumors that develop within the cerebral ventricles, which are fluid-filled spaces in the brain. These tumors can arise from various types of cells within the ventricular system, including the ependymal cells that line the ventricles, choroid plexus cells that produce cerebrospinal fluid, or other surrounding tissues.

Cerebral ventricle neoplasms can cause a variety of symptoms depending on their size and location, such as headaches, nausea, vomiting, vision changes, imbalance, weakness, or difficulty with mental tasks. The treatment options for these tumors may include surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, depending on the type and extent of the tumor. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for recurrence and manage any long-term effects of treatment.

The fourth ventricle is a part of the cerebrospinal fluid-filled system in the brain, located in the posterior cranial fossa and continuous with the central canal of the medulla oblongata and the cerebral aqueduct. It is shaped like a cavity with a roof, floor, and lateral walls, and it communicates rostrally with the third ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct and caudally with the subarachnoid space through the median and lateral apertures (foramina of Luschka and Magendie). The fourth ventricle contains choroid plexus tissue, which produces cerebrospinal fluid. Its roof is formed by the cerebellar vermis and the superior medullary velum, while its floor is composed of the rhomboid fossa, which includes several important structures such as the vagal trigone, hypoglossal trigone, and striae medullares.

Intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are abnormal, tangled connections between the arteries and veins in the brain. These connections bypass the capillary system, which can lead to high-flow shunting and potential complications such as hemorrhage, stroke, or neurological deficits. AVMs are congenital conditions, meaning they are present at birth, although symptoms may not appear until later in life. They are relatively rare, affecting approximately 0.1% of the population. Treatment options for AVMs include surgery, radiation therapy, and endovascular embolization, depending on the size, location, and specific characteristics of the malformation.

Hydrocephalus is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain, leading to an increase in intracranial pressure and potentially causing damage to the brain tissues. This excessive buildup of CSF can result from either overproduction or impaired absorption of the fluid, which typically causes the ventricles (fluid-filled spaces) inside the brain to expand and put pressure on surrounding brain structures.

The condition can be congenital, present at birth due to genetic factors or abnormalities during fetal development, or acquired later in life as a result of injuries, infections, tumors, or other disorders affecting the brain's ability to regulate CSF flow and absorption. Symptoms may vary depending on age, severity, and duration but often include headaches, vomiting, balance problems, vision issues, cognitive impairment, and changes in behavior or personality.

Treatment for hydrocephalus typically involves surgically implanting a shunt system that diverts the excess CSF from the brain to another part of the body where it can be absorbed, such as the abdominal cavity. In some cases, endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) might be an alternative treatment option, creating a new pathway for CSF flow within the brain. Regular follow-ups with neurosurgeons and other healthcare professionals are essential to monitor the condition and make any necessary adjustments to the treatment plan.

Brain neoplasms, also known as brain tumors, are abnormal growths of cells within the brain. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign brain tumors typically grow slowly and do not spread to other parts of the body. However, they can still cause serious problems if they press on sensitive areas of the brain. Malignant brain tumors, on the other hand, are cancerous and can grow quickly, invading surrounding brain tissue and spreading to other parts of the brain or spinal cord.

Brain neoplasms can arise from various types of cells within the brain, including glial cells (which provide support and insulation for nerve cells), neurons (nerve cells that transmit signals in the brain), and meninges (the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord). They can also result from the spread of cancer cells from other parts of the body, known as metastatic brain tumors.

Symptoms of brain neoplasms may vary depending on their size, location, and growth rate. Common symptoms include headaches, seizures, weakness or paralysis in the limbs, difficulty with balance and coordination, changes in speech or vision, confusion, memory loss, and changes in behavior or personality.

Treatment for brain neoplasms depends on several factors, including the type, size, location, and grade of the tumor, as well as the patient's age and overall health. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these approaches. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for recurrence and manage any long-term effects of treatment.

The cerebellum is a part of the brain that lies behind the brainstem and is involved in the regulation of motor movements, balance, and coordination. It contains two hemispheres and a central portion called the vermis. The cerebellum receives input from sensory systems and other areas of the brain and spinal cord and sends output to motor areas of the brain. Damage to the cerebellum can result in problems with movement, balance, and coordination.

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a type of stroke caused by bleeding within the brain or its surrounding tissues. It's a serious medical emergency that requires immediate attention and treatment. The bleeding can occur in various locations:

1. Epidural hematoma: Bleeding between the dura mater (the outermost protective covering of the brain) and the skull. This is often caused by trauma, such as a head injury.
2. Subdural hematoma: Bleeding between the dura mater and the brain's surface, which can also be caused by trauma.
3. Subarachnoid hemorrhage: Bleeding in the subarachnoid space, which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and surrounds the brain. This type of ICH is commonly caused by the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation.
4. Intraparenchymal hemorrhage: Bleeding within the brain tissue itself, which can be caused by hypertension (high blood pressure), amyloid angiopathy, or trauma.
5. Intraventricular hemorrhage: Bleeding into the brain's ventricular system, which contains CSF and communicates with the subarachnoid space. This type of ICH is often seen in premature infants but can also be caused by head trauma or aneurysm rupture in adults.

Symptoms of intracranial hemorrhage may include sudden severe headache, vomiting, altered consciousness, confusion, seizures, weakness, numbness, or paralysis on one side of the body, vision changes, or difficulty speaking or understanding speech. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent further brain damage and potential long-term disabilities or death.

X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging method that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of the body. These cross-sectional images can then be used to display detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body.

The term "computed tomography" is used instead of "CT scan" or "CAT scan" because the machines take a series of X-ray measurements from different angles around the body and then use a computer to process these data to create detailed images of internal structures within the body.

CT scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT imaging provides detailed information about many types of tissue including lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT examinations can be performed on every part of the body for a variety of reasons including diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses.

In computed tomography (CT), an X-ray source and detector rotate around the patient, measuring the X-ray attenuation at many different angles. A computer uses this data to construct a cross-sectional image by the process of reconstruction. This technique is called "tomography". The term "computed" refers to the use of a computer to reconstruct the images.

CT has become an important tool in medical imaging and diagnosis, allowing radiologists and other physicians to view detailed internal images of the body. It can help identify many different medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, lung nodules, liver tumors, and internal injuries from trauma. CT is also commonly used for guiding biopsies and other minimally invasive procedures.

In summary, X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body, allowing physicians to diagnose and treat medical conditions.

Neurosurgical procedures are operations that are performed on the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. These procedures are typically carried out by neurosurgeons, who are medical doctors with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the nervous system. Neurosurgical procedures can be used to treat a wide range of conditions, including traumatic injuries, tumors, aneurysms, vascular malformations, infections, degenerative diseases, and congenital abnormalities.

Some common types of neurosurgical procedures include:

* Craniotomy: A procedure in which a bone flap is temporarily removed from the skull to gain access to the brain. This type of procedure may be performed to remove a tumor, repair a blood vessel, or relieve pressure on the brain.
* Spinal fusion: A procedure in which two or more vertebrae in the spine are fused together using bone grafts and metal hardware. This is often done to stabilize the spine and alleviate pain caused by degenerative conditions or spinal deformities.
* Microvascular decompression: A procedure in which a blood vessel that is causing pressure on a nerve is repositioned or removed. This type of procedure is often used to treat trigeminal neuralgia, a condition that causes severe facial pain.
* Deep brain stimulation: A procedure in which electrodes are implanted in specific areas of the brain and connected to a battery-operated device called a neurostimulator. The neurostimulator sends electrical impulses to the brain to help alleviate symptoms of movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease or dystonia.
* Stereotactic radiosurgery: A non-invasive procedure that uses focused beams of radiation to treat tumors, vascular malformations, and other abnormalities in the brain or spine. This type of procedure is often used for patients who are not good candidates for traditional surgery due to age, health status, or location of the lesion.

Neurosurgical procedures can be complex and require a high degree of skill and expertise. Patients considering neurosurgical treatment should consult with a qualified neurosurgeon to discuss their options and determine the best course of action for their individual situation.

The brainstem is the lower part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord. It consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. The brainstem controls many vital functions such as heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure. It also serves as a relay center for sensory and motor information between the cerebral cortex and the rest of the body. Additionally, several cranial nerves originate from the brainstem, including those that control eye movements, facial movements, and hearing.

A cerebral hemorrhage, also known as an intracranial hemorrhage or intracerebral hemorrhage, is a type of stroke that results from bleeding within the brain tissue. It occurs when a weakened blood vessel bursts and causes localized bleeding in the brain. This bleeding can increase pressure in the skull, damage nearby brain cells, and release toxic substances that further harm brain tissues.

Cerebral hemorrhages are often caused by chronic conditions like hypertension (high blood pressure) or cerebral amyloid angiopathy, which weakens the walls of blood vessels over time. Other potential causes include trauma, aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, illicit drug use, and brain tumors. Symptoms may include sudden headache, weakness, numbness, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, vision problems, loss of balance, and altered level of consciousness. Immediate medical attention is required to diagnose and manage cerebral hemorrhage through imaging techniques, supportive care, and possible surgical interventions.

The cerebral ventricles are a system of interconnected fluid-filled cavities within the brain. They are located in the center of the brain and are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which provides protection to the brain by cushioning it from impacts and helping to maintain its stability within the skull.

There are four ventricles in total: two lateral ventricles, one third ventricle, and one fourth ventricle. The lateral ventricles are located in each cerebral hemisphere, while the third ventricle is located between the thalami of the two hemispheres. The fourth ventricle is located at the base of the brain, above the spinal cord.

CSF flows from the lateral ventricles into the third ventricle through narrow passageways called the interventricular foramen. From there, it flows into the fourth ventricle through another narrow passageway called the cerebral aqueduct. CSF then leaves the fourth ventricle and enters the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord, where it can be absorbed into the bloodstream.

Abnormalities in the size or shape of the cerebral ventricles can indicate underlying neurological conditions, such as hydrocephalus (excessive accumulation of CSF) or atrophy (shrinkage) of brain tissue. Imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are often used to assess the size and shape of the cerebral ventricles in clinical settings.

... infratentorial neoplasms MeSH C10.228.140.211.500.100 - brain stem neoplasms MeSH C10.228.140.211.500.200 - cerebellar ... infratentorial neoplasms MeSH C10.551.240.250.400.200 - brain stem neoplasms MeSH C10.551.240.250.400.300 - cerebellar ... spinal cord neoplasms MeSH C10.551.240.750.200 - epidural neoplasms MeSH C10.551.360.500 - optic nerve neoplasms MeSH C10.551. ... brain neoplasms MeSH C10.228.140.211.280 - cerebral ventricle neoplasms MeSH C10.228.140.211.280.300 - choroid plexus neoplasms ...
Toescu SM, James G, Phipps K, Jeelani O, Thompson D, Hayward R, Aquilina K. Intracranial Neoplasms in the First Year of Life: ... In children, brain tumors are usually found in the infratentorial region and in adults, brain tumors are usually found in the ... They make up 0.4 to 0.6 percent of all intracranial neoplasms in children and are the third most prevalent congenital brain ... Paulus W, Jänisch W. Clinicopathologic correlations in epithelial choroid plexus neoplasms: a study of 52 cases. Acta ...
... infratentorial neoplasms MeSH C04.588.614.250.195.411.100 - brain stem neoplasms MeSH C04.588.614.250.195.411.211 - cerebellar ... skull base neoplasms MeSH C04.588.149.828 - spinal neoplasms MeSH C04.588.180.260 - breast neoplasms, male MeSH C04.588.180.390 ... bile duct neoplasms MeSH C04.588.274.120.250.250 - common bile duct neoplasms MeSH C04.588.274.120.401 - gallbladder neoplasms ... femoral neoplasms MeSH C04.588.149.721 - skull neoplasms MeSH C04.588.149.721.450 - jaw neoplasms MeSH C04.588.149.721.450.583 ...
They look like intracranial neoplasms, and sometimes they get biopsied as suspected tumors. Proton MR spectroscopy can help in ... and infratentorial lesions. The distribution of the lesions could be linked to the clinical evolution Post-mortem autopsies ... and can be spacially classified in infratentorial, callosal, juxtacortical, periventricular, and other white matter areas. ...
... is the study of brain and spinal cord neoplasms, many of which are (at least eventually) very dangerous and life ... Seizures are much less common in patients with infratentorial tumors than in those with supratentorial tumors. "Stroke-like" ... and the specific type of malignant brain neoplasm. Surgery may in some cases be curative, but, as a general rule, malignant ... Meningioma assecond malignant neoplasm after oncological treatment during childhood. 188, 438-441. Retrieved from [1][dead link ...
Intracranial Neoplasms and Paraneoplastic Disorders". In Ropper AH, Samuels MA (eds.). Adams and Victor's Principles of ... Tumors that originate in the cerebellum or the surrounding region below the tentorium are, therefore, called infratentorial. ... Gurney JG, Smith MA, Bunin GR (1999). "CNS and Miscellaneous Intracranial and Intraspinal Neoplasms" (PDF). In Ries LA, Smith ...
Infratentorial Neoplasms Medicine & Life Sciences 100% * Neuroglia Medicine & Life Sciences 60% * Neuroectodermal Tumors ... Diagnostically, this neoplasm seems to fit in a unique group of rarely described, lipomatous neuroectodermal tumors that show ... Diagnostically, this neoplasm seems to fit in a unique group of rarely described, lipomatous neuroectodermal tumors that show ... Diagnostically, this neoplasm seems to fit in a unique group of rarely described, lipomatous neuroectodermal tumors that show ...
Keywords: Medulloblastoma; Infratentorial neoplasms; Pediatric brain tumors; Magnetic resonance imaging;Diffusion-weighted ...
Infratentorial Neoplasms 96% * Child 28% * Neurologic Manifestations 28% * Abducens Nerve Diseases 13% ...
Infratentorial Neoplasms Medicine & Life Sciences 48% View full fingerprint Collaborations and top research areas from the last ...
Infratentorial Neoplasms/complications, Female, Hydrocephalus/diagnostic imaging, Child",. author = "Laustsen, {Aske Foldbjerg ... Cerebellar Neoplasms/complications, Humans, Brain Neoplasms/surgery, Cerebellar Diseases/complications, Postoperative ...
Infratentorial Neoplasms 10% 16 Scopus citations * The efficacy and safety of once-daily Kytril® (Granisetron Hydrochloride) ...
Brain Neoplasms [C04.588.614.250.195]. *Infratentorial Neoplasms [C04.588.614.250.195.411]. *Brain Stem Neoplasms [C04.588. ... "Brain Stem Neoplasms" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Primary and metastatic neoplasms may occur in this location. Clinical features include ATAXIA, cranial neuropathies (see ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Brain Stem Neoplasms" by people in this website by year, and ...
Infratentorial Neoplasms Medicine & Life Sciences 100% * Intelligence Medicine & Life Sciences 72% * Reaction Time Medicine & ...
D33.1] Benign neoplasm of brain, infratentorial (1). * [D33.2] Glioma (1). * [D37.0] Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of lip, ...
Primary brain tumors arise from CNS tissue and account for roughly half of all cases of intracranial neoplasms. ... infratentorial). Gliomas, metastases, meningiomas, pituitary adenomas, and acoustic neuromas account for 95% of all brain ... encoded search term (Brain Neoplasms) and Brain Neoplasms What to Read Next on Medscape ... Brain Neoplasms. Updated: Aug 24, 2022 * Author: Bruce M Lo, MD, MBA, RDMS, FACEP, FAAEM, FACHE, FAAPL, CPE; Chief Editor: ...
Common conditions affecting the nerve include brain stem ischemia, INFRATENTORIAL NEOPLASMS, and TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA. ...
... infratentorial neoplasms MeSH C10.228.140.211.500.100 - brain stem neoplasms MeSH C10.228.140.211.500.200 - cerebellar ... infratentorial neoplasms MeSH C10.551.240.250.400.200 - brain stem neoplasms MeSH C10.551.240.250.400.300 - cerebellar ... spinal cord neoplasms MeSH C10.551.240.750.200 - epidural neoplasms MeSH C10.551.360.500 - optic nerve neoplasms MeSH C10.551. ... brain neoplasms MeSH C10.228.140.211.280 - cerebral ventricle neoplasms MeSH C10.228.140.211.280.300 - choroid plexus neoplasms ...
Information about the SNOMED CT code 94767002 representing Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of brain. ... Neoplasm of uncertain or unknown behavior of brain, infratentorial 189488006. *Neoplasm of uncertain or unknown behavior of ... Neoplasm of head 126631009. Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of head 94864000. Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of brain 94767002. ... Neoplasm of central nervous system 126951006. Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of central nervous system 94784008. Neoplasm of ...
Keywords : Brain Stem Neoplasms,Child,Preschool,diagnosis,Female,Humans,India,Infratentorial Neoplasms,Lipoma,Neurosurgery, ... Spinal Cord Neoplasms,surgery,, Spinal,Intramedullary,Lipoma,With,Posterior, private back specialist ...
In children less than 16 years medulloblastoma and pilocytic astrocytoma were the commonest neoplasms in the infratentorial ... Brain Neoplasms , Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis , Brain Neoplasms/surgery , Intracranial Hypertension , Neurosurgical Procedures ... Humans , Brain Neoplasms , Breast Diseases , Diagnostic Services , Breast Neoplasms , Ultrasonography, Mammary , Medical ... were in infratentorial region. In children below 16 years; 11(57.9) and 8(42.1) were in supratentorial and infratentorial in ...
Neoplasms of the posterior fossa. In: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Head and Neck ...
Infratentorial low-grade oligoastrocytoma with aggressive clinical behavior in an adult: A case report with genetic ... Dive into the research topics of Infratentorial low-grade oligoastrocytoma with aggressive clinical behavior in an adult: A ...
Infratentorial Neoplasms. *Intracranial Hemorrhages. *Intracranial Thrombosis. *Kidney Diseases, Cystic. *Kidney Neoplasms. * ...
Genetics. These neoplasms show activation of the transcription factor FOXR2 by genomic structural rearrangements and gene ... Both supratentorial and infratentorial tumors may result in macrocephaly. Sometimes this is due to obstructive hydrocephalus, ... CNS BCOR-ITD is a malignant CNS neoplasm generally demarcated at the interface with adjacent CNS parenchyma. It is ... On MRI, CNS tumors with BCOR-ITD are typically intra-axial, very large, heterogeneous, and well-demarcated neoplasms of ...
A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from the brain or the spinal cord. ... Pediatric infratentorial ependymoblastoma. *Primary Brain Stem Neoplasm*Benign neoplasm of brain stem ... Neoplasm of the central nervous system*Primary Central Nervous System Neoplasm*Benign Intracranial Neoplasm*Benign Intracranial ... Refractory Primary Malignant Central Nervous System Neoplasm. *Refractory Spinal Cord Neoplasm*Refractory Adult Spinal Cord ...
Malignant Infratentorial Neoplasm use Infratentorial Neoplasms Malignant Infratentorial Neoplasms use Infratentorial Neoplasms ... Malignant Neoplasm use Neoplasms Malignant Neoplasm of Breast use Breast Neoplasms Malignant Neoplasm, Brain use Brain ... Malignant Epidural Neoplasms use Epidural Neoplasms Malignant Epithelial Neoplasm use Carcinoma Malignant Epithelial Neoplasms ... Malignant Optic Nerve Neoplasm use Optic Nerve Neoplasms Malignant Optic Nerve Sheath Neoplasms use Optic Nerve Neoplasms ...
Malignant Infratentorial Neoplasm use Infratentorial Neoplasms Malignant Infratentorial Neoplasms use Infratentorial Neoplasms ... Malignant Neoplasm use Neoplasms Malignant Neoplasm of Breast use Breast Neoplasms Malignant Neoplasm, Brain use Brain ... Malignant Epidural Neoplasms use Epidural Neoplasms Malignant Epithelial Neoplasm use Carcinoma Malignant Epithelial Neoplasms ... Malignant Optic Nerve Neoplasm use Optic Nerve Neoplasms Malignant Optic Nerve Sheath Neoplasms use Optic Nerve Neoplasms ...
Malignant Infratentorial Neoplasm use Infratentorial Neoplasms Malignant Infratentorial Neoplasms use Infratentorial Neoplasms ... Malignant Neoplasm use Neoplasms Malignant Neoplasm of Breast use Breast Neoplasms Malignant Neoplasm, Brain use Brain ... Malignant Epidural Neoplasms use Epidural Neoplasms Malignant Epithelial Neoplasm use Carcinoma Malignant Epithelial Neoplasms ... Malignant Optic Nerve Neoplasm use Optic Nerve Neoplasms Malignant Optic Nerve Sheath Neoplasms use Optic Nerve Neoplasms ...
Malignant Infratentorial Neoplasm use Infratentorial Neoplasms Malignant Infratentorial Neoplasms use Infratentorial Neoplasms ... Mammary Carcinomas, Human use Breast Neoplasms Mammary Derived Growth Inhibitor Related Protein use Fatty Acid-Binding Protein ... Mammary Carcinomas, Animal use Mammary Neoplasms, Animal ... Male Breast Neoplasm use Breast Neoplasms, Male Male Breast ... Malignant Epidural Neoplasms use Epidural Neoplasms Malignant Epithelial Neoplasm use Carcinoma Malignant Epithelial Neoplasms ...
Malignant Infratentorial Neoplasm use Infratentorial Neoplasms Malignant Infratentorial Neoplasms use Infratentorial Neoplasms ... Malignant Neoplasm use Neoplasms Malignant Neoplasm of Breast use Breast Neoplasms Malignant Neoplasm, Brain use Brain ... Malignant Epidural Neoplasms use Epidural Neoplasms Malignant Epithelial Neoplasm use Carcinoma Malignant Epithelial Neoplasms ... Malignant Optic Nerve Neoplasm use Optic Nerve Neoplasms Malignant Optic Nerve Sheath Neoplasms use Optic Nerve Neoplasms ...
Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms -- Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms -- Other Cystic Lesions of Pancreas -- Metastases to the ... The Infratentorial Intra-axial Tumor -- 5. The Base of Skull (Including Pineal and Sella Turcica Regions) Lesion -- 6. The ... Neoplasms - pathology. Subjects (LCSH). Pathology. Abstract. This manual for diagnostic cytologists offers detailed guidance on ... Glandular Neoplasms of the Uterine Cervix -- Endometrial Hyperplasia and Carcinoma, Extrauterine Cancer, and Unusual Tumors -- ...
ICH located in infratentorial regions such as pons or cerebellum. - Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) associated with ... ICH is due to previously known neoplasms, arteriovenous malformation (AVM), or aneurysms. - Intracerebral hematoma considered ...
Zee CS, Segall HD, Nelson M. Infratentorial Tumors in Children. Neuroimaging Clinics of North Am. 1993. 3(4):705-714. ... Lizak P,, Woodruff W. Posterior fossa neoplasms: Multiplanar imaging. Sem.Ultrasound CT MRI. 1992. 13:182-206. ... Cancer Survivor Study of over 1300 5-year survivors of medulloblastoma reported increased risk for subsequent neoplasms, ...
Background: Brain tumours are mixed group of neoplasms originating from the intracranial tissues. The two basic types of brain ... Supratentorial tumours (91%) were predominant over infratentorial tumours (9%). Histologically, the most common variety was ... of all intracranial neoplasms in this study, which is equal to that in an Indian study [8] and comparable to 2% in western ... were predominant over infratentorial tumours (9%). Histologically, the most common variety was found to be Glioblastoma ...
LGG are the most frequent brain neoplasms in children and young adults. According to WHO classification the most frequent ... but are also found in other areas of the infratentorial (FCP) region like, brain stem, and fourth ventricle and in areas of the ... LGG are the most frequent brain neoplasms in children and young adults. According to WHO classification the most frequent ... but are also found in other areas of the infratentorial (FCP) region like, brain stem, and fourth ventricle and in areas of the ...
  • In adults, two thirds of primary brain tumors arise from structures above the tentorium (supratentorial), whereas in children, two thirds of brain tumors arise from structures below the tentorium (infratentorial). (medscape.com)
  • PAs most frequently occur in the cerebellum, but are also found in other areas of the infratentorial (FCP) region like, brain stem, and fourth ventricle and in areas of the supratentorial (SVT) region like optic chiasm, diencephalon, third ventricle, and cerebral. (unica.it)
  • Approximately 60% of brain tumors are infratentorial, 25% are supratentorial, and 15% arise in the midline. (uchicago.edu)
  • Seventy percent of supratentorial tumours are found in adults and seventy percent of brain tumours in children are infratentorial. (jebmh.com)
  • Interestingly, the age distribution is very different for infratentorial (fourth ventricle) and supratentorial (usually lateral ventricle) tumors. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Clinical and genomic differences in supratentorial versus infratentorial NF2 mutant meningiomas. (yalemedicine.org)
  • Medulloblatoma is the most common posterior fossa (i.e. infratentorial) tumor in children (although some sources will state that it is the second most common behind cerebellar astrocytoma), making up approximately 18% of all primary pediatric brain tumors. (uchicago.edu)
  • Infratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor that is, by definition, malignant and invasive and thus classified as Grave IV by the WHO. (uchicago.edu)
  • Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors consists of small round cell neoplasms, inclusive of primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), Askin's tumor, and PNET of the bone. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Diagnostically, this neoplasm seems to fit in a unique group of rarely described, lipomatous neuroectodermal tumors that show divergent neuronal and glial differentiation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Primary brain tumors arise from CNS tissue and account for roughly half of all cases of intracranial neoplasms. (medscape.com)
  • Presenting complaints of patients with an intracranial neoplasm tend to be similar for primary brain tumors and intracranial metastases. (medscape.com)
  • Brain tumors may be congenital in children younger than 3 years of age and range from benign complex lesions to highly malignant neoplasms. (medlink.com)
  • The clinical features of patients with cerebellar GBM are similar to those of other aggressive fast growing infratentorial tumors. (openneuroimagingjournal.com)
  • A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from the brain or the spinal cord. (beds.ac.uk)
  • Glioblastoma Multiforme is a highly malignant central nervous system neoplasm. (openneuroimagingjournal.com)
  • Ependymoma is a central nervous system (CNS) neoplasm composed of glial cells that have differentiated along ependymal lines. (medscape.com)
  • MRI is the diagnostic modality of choice in the workup and follow-up observation of intracranial neoplasms, including ependymoma. (medscape.com)
  • Herein, we aimed to investigate the possible synergistic effects of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) and exercise training on brain functional networks. (bvsalud.org)
  • Brain Stem Neoplasms" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (musc.edu)
  • Primary brain stem neoplasms are more frequent in children. (musc.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Brain Stem Neoplasms" by people in this website by year, and whether "Brain Stem Neoplasms" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (musc.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Brain Stem Neoplasms" by people in Profiles. (musc.edu)
  • The remainder of brain neoplasms are caused by metastatic lesions. (medscape.com)
  • Common conditions affecting the nerve include brain stem ischemia, INFRATENTORIAL NEOPLASMS, and TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA. (ouhsc.edu)
  • Brain tumours are mixed group of neoplasms originating from the intracranial tissues. (waocp.com)
  • LGG are the most frequent brain neoplasms in children and young adults. (unica.it)
  • Brain neoplasms occur at all ages and account for around 2-3 percent of all deaths in adults. (jebmh.com)
  • Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare aggressive neoplasm found within the brain, commonly in the corpus callosum, deep gray matter structures or the periventricular region [ 1 ]. (clinmedjournals.org)
  • a fetal MRI was performed which showed an acute to subacute hemispheric bilateral subdural hematoma, infratentorial subdural hemorrhage, retroclival hematoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, ventriculomegaly, brain edema, and midline shift. (abstractarchives.com)
  • Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare non-Hodgkin type neoplasm, which crosses the midline. (clinmedjournals.org)
  • Because of the steep angle of the patient's tentorium in the midline, a classic supracerebellar infratentorial (SCIT) approach would be challenging, and thus a paramedian variant of SCIT was chosen.4 For a right-handed surgeon, the left side was used, and the endoscope was docked at the extreme left, out of the main surgical corridor. (lvhn.org)
  • 1 , 2 Adverse postoperative events (eg, neoplasm, cerebrovascular insult, high intracranial pressure [ICP]) are associated with, and often directly result from, the disease process. (mhmedical.com)
  • Primary and metastatic neoplasms may occur in this location. (musc.edu)
  • Virtual Reality Surgical Rehearsal and 2-Dimensional Operative Video of a Paramedian Supracerebellar Infratentorial Approach Endoscopic Resection of Pineocytoma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video. (lvhn.org)
  • Clinical Manifestations Nursing Management Clinical Manifestations Acute Pharyngitis Decreasing Fatigue COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS Endometrial Hyperplasia Human Immune Deficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Medical Management Health Promotion Calcitonin Pacemaker Surveillance Acne Vulgaris Emergency Management Pathophysiology Pathophysiology Angiomas Hereditary Hyperbilirubinemia Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Medical Management Crohn's Disease (Regional Enteritis) Medical Management Unit 12: Kidney and Urinary Tract Function Complications Assessment and Diagnostic Findings Pathophysiology Otoscopic Examination Enfermería Medicoquirúrgica. (britzerdamm.de)
  • ICH located in infratentorial regions such as pons or cerebellum. (stanford.edu)
  • La región infratentorial (fosa posterior) está debajo de la tienda del cerebelo que contiene el tronco cerebral, el cerebelo y el cuarto ventrículo. (blogspot.com)
  • This neoplasm may present with renal signs and symptoms, such as hypertension, hematuria and abdominal pain. (aafp.org)
  • According to WHO 2008 classification, PCNSL is considered a mature B-cell neoplasm [ 3 ]. (clinmedjournals.org)
  • Its oncologic properties are still under investigation, as well as the most suitable therapeutic measures for this type of neoplasm. (thieme-connect.de)
  • METHODS: Thirty women eligible for bariatric surgery were randomly assigned to a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB: n = 15, age = 41.0 ± 7.3 years) or RYGB plus Exercise Training (RYGB + ET: n = 15, age = 41.9 ± 7.2 years). (bvsalud.org)
  • The differential diagnosis included neoplasms, demyelinating disorders and autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, infections, vascular causes, and trauma, which are discussed below along with representative MRI images. (clinmedjournals.org)
  • No physical finding or pattern of findings unmistakably identifies a patient with a CNS neoplasm. (medscape.com)
  • The local field in infratentorial ependymoma: does the entire posterior fossa need to be treated? (bibbase.org)
  • For infratentorial ependymoma, there is controversy regarding what constitutes the local field. (bibbase.org)
  • CONCLUSION: For nondisseminated, low-grade infratentorial ependymoma, the radiotherapy volume does not need to include the entire posterior fossa. (bibbase.org)
  • No conclusion can be reached regarding the appropriate local field for high-grade infratentorial ependymoma because of the small number of patients. (bibbase.org)
  • 36. Altered MicroRNA Expression Is Associated with Tumor Grade, Molecular Background and Outcome in Childhood Infratentorial Ependymoma. (nih.gov)
  • Ependymoma is a central nervous system (CNS) neoplasm composed of glial cells that have differentiated along ependymal lines. (medscape.com)
  • Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) of the CNS is a highly malignant neoplasm primarily affecting young children, with a historic median survival ranging from 6 to 11 months. (nih.gov)
  • While malignant astrocytomas account for approximately 40% of all adult CNS neoplasms, [ 8 ] they account for only 10-15% of pediatric CNS tumor diagnoses. (medscape.com)
  • and other neoplasms may arise in the pineal region with germinoma being the most common pineal region tumor. (nih.gov)
  • An infratentorial cancer that is located_in the lower part of the brain and is a type of primitive neuroectodermal tumor. (nih.gov)
  • [ 9 ] Other than location and incidence, however, malignant neoplasms have been shown on a biological level to possess other differences between adults and children. (medscape.com)
  • Neoplasms which originate from pineal parenchymal cells that tend to enlarge the gland and be locally invasive. (nih.gov)
  • His past medical history included VP shunt and a craniotomy with a supracerebellar infratentorial access to a pineal mass that had a histological diagnosis of germinoma in April 1994. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • A neoplasm of the pineal gland. (nih.gov)
  • Common conditions affecting the nerve include brain stem ischemia, INFRATENTORIAL NEOPLASMS, and TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA. (curehunter.com)
  • Among lymphoid neoplasms, TET2 mutations are reported in approximately 30% of angioimmunoblastic lymphomas and less than 15 % of other mature T cell lymphomas and mature B cell lymphomas. (cornell.edu)
  • Acinic Cell Carcinoma A malignant glandular epithelial neoplasm consisting of secretory cells forming acinar patterns. (nih.gov)
  • Comutation of TET2 and SRSF2 was highly predictive of a myeloid neoplasm characterized by myelodysplasia and monocytosis, including but not limited to, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. (cornell.edu)
  • TET2 mutations are also found in 20-40% of systemic mastocytosis, 36% of blastic plasamcytoid dendritic cell neoplasm, 12-32% of acute myeloid leukemia, 10-20% of primary myelofibrosis, 10-33% of myelodysplastic syndromes, 10% of myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis (MDS/MPN-RS-T), 22% of polycythemia vera, and 16% of essential thrombocythemia. (cornell.edu)
  • A malignant, invasive embryonal neoplasm arising from the cerebellum. (nih.gov)
  • Salivary gland neoplasms constituted 2.1% of all neoplastic lesions seen in the study period. (atpjournal.org)
  • Introduction: Contrary to some earlier teachings that central nervous system (CNS) tumours are uncommon in black children, these neoplasms are the fourth most common paediatric tumours in Ibadan. (ajol.info)
  • Thirty-seven were WHO Grade 1, eleven Grade 2, ten Grade 3 and nineteen Grade 4 neoplasms. (ajol.info)
  • Surgical excision of the offending lesion (neoplasm or vascular malformation or pseudomeningoceles) and repair of dural defects are logical therapeutic strategies. (ajnr.org)
  • Conclusion Ce travail portant sur les tumeurs intraventriculaires dans leur ensemble semble etre le premier effectue en Afrique subsaharienne. (bvsalud.org)
  • An update of the data on paediatric CNS neoplasms at our centre is presented. (ajol.info)