Deformities of the hand, or a part of the hand, acquired after birth as the result of injury or disease.
Deformities acquired after birth as the result of injury or disease. The joint deformity is often associated with rheumatoid arthritis and leprosy.
Distortion or disfigurement of the foot, or a part of the foot, acquired through disease or injury after birth.
Also known as articulations, these are points of connection between the ends of certain separate bones, or where the borders of other bones are juxtaposed.
A synovial hinge connection formed between the bones of the FEMUR; TIBIA; and PATELLA.
Abnormalities of the nose acquired after birth from injury or disease.
Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the foot occurring at or before birth.
'Joint diseases' is a broad term that refers to medical conditions causing inflammation, degeneration, or functional impairment in any part of a joint, including the cartilage, bone, ligament, tendon, or bursa, thereby affecting movement and potentially causing pain, stiffness, deformity, or reduced range of motion.
Deformities of the SPINE characterized by abnormal bending or flexure in the vertebral column. They may be bending forward (KYPHOSIS), backward (LORDOSIS), or sideway (SCOLIOSIS).
Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the foot.
The articulation between the head of one phalanx and the base of the one distal to it, in each finger.
The surgical cutting of a bone. (Dorland, 28th ed)
An appreciable lateral deviation in the normally straight vertical line of the spine. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Plantar declination of the foot.
A deformed foot in which the foot is plantarflexed, inverted and adducted.
The joint that is formed by the inferior articular and malleolar articular surfaces of the TIBIA; the malleolar articular surface of the FIBULA; and the medial malleolar, lateral malleolar, and superior surfaces of the TALUS.
Congenital structural abnormalities of the LOWER EXTREMITY.
Deformities of the SPINE characterized by an exaggerated convexity of the vertebral column. The forward bending of the thoracic region usually is more than 40 degrees. This deformity sometimes is called round back or hunchback.
The joint that is formed by the distal end of the RADIUS, the articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint, and the proximal row of CARPAL BONES; (SCAPHOID BONE; LUNATE BONE; triquetral bone).
The spinal or vertebral column.
The articulations between the various TARSAL BONES. This does not include the ANKLE JOINT which consists of the articulations between the TIBIA; FIBULA; and TALUS.
The articulation between a metatarsal bone (METATARSAL BONES) and a phalanx.
The joint that is formed by the articulation of the head of FEMUR and the ACETABULUM of the PELVIS.
A bone fixation technique using an external fixator (FIXATORS, EXTERNAL) for lengthening limbs, correcting pseudarthroses and other deformities, and assisting the healing of otherwise hopeless traumatic or pathological fractures and infections, such as chronic osteomyelitis. The method was devised by the Russian orthopedic surgeon Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov (1921-1992). (From Bull Hosp Jt Dis 1992 Summer;52(1):1)
Developmental bone diseases are a category of skeletal disorders that arise from disturbances in the normal growth and development of bones, including abnormalities in size, shape, structure, or composition, which can lead to various musculoskeletal impairments and deformities.
Increase in the longest dimension of a bone to correct anatomical deficiencies, congenital, traumatic, or as a result of disease. The lengthening is not restricted to long bones. The usual surgical methods are internal fixation and distraction.
A condition in which one of a pair of legs fails to grow as long as the other, which could result from injury or surgery.
The distance and direction to which a bone joint can be extended. Range of motion is a function of the condition of the joints, muscles, and connective tissues involved. Joint flexibility can be improved through appropriate MUSCLE STRETCHING EXERCISES.
The sac enclosing a joint. It is composed of an outer fibrous articular capsule and an inner SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE.
Congenital structural deformities of the upper and lower extremities collectively or unspecified.
Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the hand occurring at or before birth.
A condition in which one or more of the arches of the foot have flattened out.
A group of twelve VERTEBRAE connected to the ribs that support the upper trunk region.
Prolonged shortening of the muscle or other soft tissue around a joint, preventing movement of the joint.
Procedures used to treat and correct deformities, diseases, and injuries to the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM, its articulations, and associated structures.
The immovable joint formed by the lateral surfaces of the SACRUM and ILIUM.
The seven bones which form the tarsus - namely, CALCANEUS; TALUS; cuboid, navicular, and the internal, middle, and external cuneiforms.
Lack of stability of a joint or joint prosthesis. Factors involved are intra-articular disease and integrity of extra-articular structures such as joint capsule, ligaments, and muscles.
Lateral displacement of the great toe (HALLUX), producing deformity of the first METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT with callous, bursa, or bunion formation over the bony prominence.
The second longest bone of the skeleton. It is located on the medial side of the lower leg, articulating with the FIBULA laterally, the TALUS distally, and the FEMUR proximally.
A set of twelve curved bones which connect to the vertebral column posteriorly, and terminate anteriorly as costal cartilage. Together, they form a protective cage around the internal thoracic organs.
Distortion or disfigurement of the ear caused by disease or injury after birth.
Congenital structural abnormalities and deformities of the musculoskeletal system.
External devices which hold wires or pins that are placed through one or both cortices of bone in order to hold the position of a fracture in proper alignment. These devices allow easy access to wounds, adjustment during the course of healing, and more functional use of the limbs involved.
A developmental anomaly in which the lower sternum is posteriorly dislocated and concavely deformed, resulting in a funnel-shaped thorax.
A condition characterized by a series of interrelated digital symptoms and joint changes of the lesser digits and METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINTS of the FOOT. The syndrome can include some or all of the following conditions: hammer toe, claw toe, mallet toe, overlapping fifth toe, curly toe, EXOSTOSIS; HYPEROSTOSIS; interdigital heloma, or contracted toe.
The articulation between the head of the HUMERUS and the glenoid cavity of the SCAPULA.
A variety of conditions affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Factors contributing to the complexity of temporomandibular diseases are its relation to dentition and mastication and the symptomatic effects in other areas which account for referred pain to the joint and the difficulties in applying traditional diagnostic procedures to temporomandibular joint pathology where tissue is rarely obtained and x-rays are often inadequate or nonspecific. Common diseases are developmental abnormalities, trauma, subluxation, luxation, arthritis, and neoplasia. (From Thoma's Oral Pathology, 6th ed, pp577-600)
An inward slant of the thigh in which the knees are close together and the ankles far apart. Genu valgum can develop due to skeletal and joint dysplasias (e.g., OSTEOARTHRITIS; HURLER SYNDROME); and malnutrition (e.g., RICKETS; FLUORIDE POISONING).
Rigid or flexible appliances used to maintain in position a displaced or movable part or to keep in place and protect an injured part. (Dorland, 28th ed)
The inner and longer bone of the FOREARM.
Union of the fragments of a fractured bone in a faulty or abnormal position. If two bones parallel to one another unite by osseous tissue, the result is a crossunion. (From Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 4th ed)
Prostheses used to partially or totally replace a human or animal joint. (from UMDNS, 1999)
The longest and largest bone of the skeleton, it is situated between the hip and the knee.
Osteitis or caries of the vertebrae, usually occurring as a complication of tuberculosis of the lungs.
Devices which are used in the treatment of orthopedic injuries and diseases.
A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.
Operative immobilization or ankylosis of two or more vertebrae by fusion of the vertebral bodies with a short bone graft or often with diskectomy or laminectomy. (From Blauvelt & Nelson, A Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 5th ed, p236; Dorland, 28th ed)
The articulations extending from the ANKLE distally to the TOES. These include the ANKLE JOINT; TARSAL JOINTS; METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT; and TOE JOINT.
Dressings made of fiberglass, plastic, or bandage impregnated with plaster of paris used for immobilization of various parts of the body in cases of fractures, dislocations, and infected wounds. In comparison with plaster casts, casts made of fiberglass or plastic are lightweight, radiolucent, able to withstand moisture, and less rigid.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
An abnormality of the jaws or teeth affecting the contour of the face. Such abnormality could be acquired or congenital.
The part of the foot between the tarsa and the TOES.
The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.
An outward slant of the thigh in which the knees are wide apart and the ankles close together. Genu varum can develop due to skeletal and joint dysplasia (e.g., OSTEOARTHRITIS; Blount's disease); and malnutrition (e.g., RICKETS; FLUORIDE POISONING).
Orthopedic appliances used to support, align, or hold parts of the body in correct position. (Dorland, 28th ed)
VERTEBRAE in the region of the lower BACK below the THORACIC VERTEBRAE and above the SACRAL VERTEBRAE.
Bone lengthening by gradual mechanical distraction. An external fixation device produces the distraction across the bone plate. The technique was originally applied to long bones but in recent years the method has been adapted for use with mandibular implants in maxillofacial surgery.
Surgical procedure by which a tendon is incised at its insertion and placed at an anatomical site distant from the original insertion. The tendon remains attached at the point of origin and takes over the function of a muscle inactivated by trauma or disease.
Persistent flexure or contracture of a joint.
Apparatus used to support, align, prevent, or correct deformities or to improve the function of movable parts of the body.

Nonunion of tibial stress fractures in patients with deformed arthritic knees. Treatment using modular total knee arthroplasty. (1/136)

In two years we treated four women with ununited stress fractures of their proximal tibial diaphyses. They all had arthritis and valgus deformity. The stress fractures had been treated elsewhere by non-operative means in three patients and by open reduction and internal fixation in one, but had failed to unite. After treatment with a modular total knee prosthesis with a long tibial stem extension, all the fractures united. A modular total knee prosthesis is suitable for the rare and difficult problem of ununited tibial stress fractures in patients with deformed arthritic knees since it corrects the deformity and the adverse biomechanics at the fracture site, stabilises the fracture and treats the arthritis.  (+info)

Correction of genu recurvatum by the Ilizarov method. (2/136)

The Ilizarov apparatus was used to carry out opening-wedge callotasis of the proximal tibia in ten patients who had suffered premature asymmetrical closure of the proximal tibial physis and subsequent genu recurvatum. In four knees, the genu recurvatum was entirely due to osseous deformity, whereas in six it was associated with capsuloligamentous abnormality. Preoperatively, the angle of recurvatum averaged 19.6 degrees (15 to 26), the angle of tilt of the tibial plateau, 76.6 degrees (62 to 90), and the ipsilateral limb shortening, 2.7 cm (0.5 to 8.7). The average time for correction was 49 days (23 to 85). The average duration of external fixation was 150 days (88 to 210). Three patients suffered complications including patella infera, pin-track infection and transient peroneal nerve palsy. At a mean follow-up of 4.4 years, all patients, except one, had achieved an excellent or good radiological and functional outcome.  (+info)

A measure of limited joint motion and deformity correlates with HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 alleles in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (3/136)

OBJECTIVE: To assess factors associated with a poor outcome in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a measure was developed of limited joint motion and deformity, a deformity index (DI), and correlated biochemical and genetic variables with the magnitude of the DI. METHODS: Forty patients were evaluated in a cross sectional study. Clinical measures included the DI and Health Assessment Questionnaire, and disease variables included the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, and HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 alleles. RESULTS: Significant correlations were noted between increasing DI and duration of RA and concentration of C reactive protein. Patients with a DQB1*301 allele or DR4 allele had a higher DI than those without, and a positive trend was noted between increasing DI and dose of DRB1 RA susceptibility alleles. The trend was lost when a non-linear regression technique was used to remove the effect attributable to C reactive protein, suggesting an interrelation between persistent inflammation and genetics in determining total joint damage. CONCLUSIONS: The DI may be useful to study interactions between genetic and inflammatory processes in rheumatoid disease progression.  (+info)

Development of the ball-and-socket ankle as assessed by radiography and arthrography. A long-term follow-up report. (4/136)

We studied the development of ball-and-socket deformity of the ankle by arthrography and radiography in 14 ankles of ten patients with congenital longitudinal deficiency of the fibula accompanied by various anomalies. The mean follow-up was for 18 years 10 months. In three ankles in infants less than one year old the lateral and medial sides of the ankle were already slightly round. In another seven ankles the ball-and-socket appearance developed before the age of five years. This was thought to be due to osseous coalition which limits eversion and inversion. In another four ankles in children who were over the age of one year at the initial examination, the deformity was demonstrated by arthrography and radiography at their first examination. Ball-and-socket deformity accompanied by tarsal coalition is an acquired deformity secondary to limitation of movement of the subtalar and midtarsal joints. It has completely developed by about five years of age.  (+info)

Radiological changes five years after unicompartmental knee replacement. (5/136)

Failure of a unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR) may be caused by progressive osteoarthritis of the knee and/or failure of the prosthesis. Limb alignment can influence both of these factors. We have examined the fate of the other compartments and measured changes in leg alignment after UKR. A total of 50 UKRs was carried out on 45 carefully selected patients between 1989 and 1992. At operation, deliberate attempts were made to avoid overcorrection of the deformity. Four patients died, one patient was lost to follow-up and two knees were revised before review which was at a minimum of five years. Standard long-leg weight-bearing anteroposterior views of the knee and skyline views of the patellofemoral joint were taken before and at eight months and five years after operation. The radiographs of the remaining 43 knees were reviewed twice by blind and randomised assessment to measure the progression of osteoarthritis within the joints. Overcorrection of the deformity in the coronal plane was avoided in all but two knees. Only one showed evidence of progression of osteoarthritis within the patellofemoral joint, and this was only identified in one of the four assessments. Deterioration in the state of the opposite tibiofemoral compartment was not seen. Varus deformity tended to recur. Recurrent varus of 2 degrees was observed between eight months and five years after operation. There was no correlation between the postoperative tibiofemoral angle and the extent of recurrent varus recorded at five years. Changes in alignment may be indicative of minor polyethylene wear or of subsidence of the tibial component. The incidence of progressive osteoarthritis within the knee was very low after UKR. Patients should be carefully selected and overcorrection of the deformity be avoided.  (+info)

Improvement in function after valgus bracing of the knee. An analysis of gait symmetry. (6/136)

The use of a valgus brace can effectively relieve the symptoms of unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee. This study provides an objective measurement of function by analysis of gait symmetry. This was measured in 30 patients on four separate occasions: immediately before and after initial fitting and then again at three months with the brace on and off. All patients reported immediate symptomatic improvement with less pain on walking. After fitting the brace, symmetry indices of stance and the swing phase of gait showed a consistent and immediate improvement at 0 and 3 months, respectively, of 3.92% (p = 0.030) and 3.40% (p = 0.025) in the stance phase and 11.78% (p = 0.020) and 9.58% (p = 0.005) in the swing phase. This was confirmed by a significant improvement at three months in the mean Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score from 69.9 to 82.0 (p < 0.001). Thus, wearing a valgus brace gives a significant and immediate improvement in the function of patients with unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee, as measured by analysis of gait symmetry.  (+info)

Treatment of cubitus varus using the Ilizarov technique of distraction osteogenesis. (7/136)

Seven children with a post-traumatic cubitus varus deformity were treated using the Ilizarov technique of distraction osteogenesis. The outcome was rated as excellent in each case and all were satisfied with the cosmetic appearance. No complications had been encountered by the latest follow-up at a mean of 66.7 months. This technique seems reliable for the treatment of such deformities, provided that it achieves full correction by gradual distraction. Nerve palsy and unsightly scars are avoided, and the range of movement of adjacent joints is preserved.  (+info)

High tibial osteotomy for valgus and varus deformities of the knee. (8/136)

In 53 patients with a mean age of 38 (17-73) years, 71 high tibial osteotomies were performed. Twenty-three patients had no radiological signs of osteoarthrosis (Ahlback grade 0), whereas 26 patients had primary and 22 patients secondary osteoarthritis. Follow-up was 10.5 (5.8-16.6) years. The patients without radiological osteoarthrosis achieved almost exclusively good or very good scores using the Lysholm-Gillquist (96%) and the Insall scale (83%). By contrast, only 29% of the patients with radiological osteoarthritis achieved good or very good scores. Whether the patient had primary or secondary osteoarthrosis was of no influence. Neither was the preoperative axial deviation.  (+info)

Acquired hand deformities refer to structural changes in the hand or fingers that occur after birth, as a result of injury, illness, or other external factors. These deformities can affect any part of the hand, including the bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and nerves. Common causes of acquired hand deformities include trauma, infection, degenerative diseases such as arthritis, tumors, and neurological conditions.

The symptoms of acquired hand deformities can vary depending on the severity and location of the deformity. They may include pain, stiffness, swelling, decreased range of motion, loss of function, and changes in appearance. Treatment for acquired hand deformities may involve a combination of medical interventions, such as medication, physical therapy, or splinting, as well as surgical procedures to correct the underlying structural problem. The goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms, improve function, and restore normal appearance and movement to the hand.

Acquired joint deformities refer to structural changes in the alignment and shape of a joint that develop after birth, due to various causes such as injury, disease, or wear and tear. These deformities can affect the function and mobility of the joint, causing pain, stiffness, and limited range of motion. Examples of conditions that can lead to acquired joint deformities include arthritis, infection, trauma, and nerve damage. Treatment may involve medication, physical therapy, or surgery to correct the deformity and alleviate symptoms.

Acquired foot deformities refer to structural abnormalities of the foot that develop after birth, as opposed to congenital foot deformities which are present at birth. These deformities can result from various factors such as trauma, injury, infection, neurological conditions, or complications from a medical condition like diabetes or arthritis.

Examples of acquired foot deformities include:

1. Hammertoe - A deformity where the toe bends downward at the middle joint, resembling a hammer.
2. Claw toe - A more severe form of hammertoe where the toe also curls under, forming a claw-like shape.
3. Mallet toe - A condition where the end joint of a toe is bent downward, causing it to resemble a mallet.
4. Bunions - A bony bump that forms on the inside of the foot at the big toe joint, often causing pain and difficulty wearing shoes.
5. Tailor's bunion (bunionette) - A similar condition to a bunion, but it occurs on the outside of the foot near the little toe joint.
6. Charcot foot - A severe deformity that can occur in people with diabetes or other neurological conditions, characterized by the collapse and dislocation of joints in the foot.
7. Cavus foot - A condition where the arch of the foot is excessively high, causing instability and increasing the risk of ankle injuries.
8. Flatfoot (pes planus) - A deformity where the arch of the foot collapses, leading to pain and difficulty walking.
9. Pronation deformities - Abnormal rotation or tilting of the foot, often causing instability and increasing the risk of injury.

Treatment for acquired foot deformities varies depending on the severity and underlying cause but may include orthotics, physical therapy, medication, or surgery.

A joint is the location at which two or more bones make contact. They are constructed to allow movement and provide support and stability to the body during motion. Joints can be classified in several ways, including structure, function, and the type of tissue that forms them. The three main types of joints based on structure are fibrous (or fixed), cartilaginous, and synovial (or diarthrosis). Fibrous joints do not have a cavity and have limited movement, while cartilaginous joints allow for some movement and are connected by cartilage. Synovial joints, the most common and most movable type, have a space between the articular surfaces containing synovial fluid, which reduces friction and wear. Examples of synovial joints include hinge, pivot, ball-and-socket, saddle, and condyloid joints.

The knee joint, also known as the tibiofemoral joint, is the largest and one of the most complex joints in the human body. It is a synovial joint that connects the thighbone (femur) to the shinbone (tibia). The patella (kneecap), which is a sesamoid bone, is located in front of the knee joint and helps in the extension of the leg.

The knee joint is made up of three articulations: the femorotibial joint between the femur and tibia, the femoropatellar joint between the femur and patella, and the tibiofibular joint between the tibia and fibula. These articulations are surrounded by a fibrous capsule that encloses the synovial membrane, which secretes synovial fluid to lubricate the joint.

The knee joint is stabilized by several ligaments, including the medial and lateral collateral ligaments, which provide stability to the sides of the joint, and the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, which prevent excessive forward and backward movement of the tibia relative to the femur. The menisci, which are C-shaped fibrocartilaginous structures located between the femoral condyles and tibial plateaus, also help to stabilize the joint by absorbing shock and distributing weight evenly across the articular surfaces.

The knee joint allows for flexion, extension, and a small amount of rotation, making it essential for activities such as walking, running, jumping, and sitting.

Acquired nose deformities refer to structural changes or abnormalities in the shape of the nose that occur after birth, as opposed to congenital deformities which are present at birth. These deformities can result from various factors such as trauma, injury, infection, tumors, or surgical procedures. Depending on the severity and cause of the deformity, it may affect both the aesthetic appearance and functionality of the nose, potentially causing difficulty in breathing, sinus problems, or sleep apnea. Treatment options for acquired nose deformities may include minimally invasive procedures, such as fillers or laser surgery, or more extensive surgical interventions, such as rhinoplasty or septoplasty, to restore both form and function to the nose.

Congenital foot deformities refer to abnormal structural changes in the foot that are present at birth. These deformities can vary from mild to severe and may affect the shape, position, or function of one or both feet. Common examples include clubfoot (talipes equinovarus), congenital vertical talus, and cavus foot. Congenital foot deformities can be caused by genetic factors, environmental influences during fetal development, or a combination of both. Treatment options may include stretching, casting, surgery, or a combination of these approaches, depending on the severity and type of the deformity.

Joint diseases is a broad term that refers to various conditions affecting the joints, including but not limited to:

1. Osteoarthritis (OA): A degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage and underlying bone, leading to pain, stiffness, and potential loss of function.
2. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): An autoimmune disorder causing inflammation in the synovial membrane lining the joints, resulting in swelling, pain, and joint damage if left untreated.
3. Infectious Arthritis: Joint inflammation caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections that spread through the bloodstream or directly enter the joint space.
4. Gout: A type of arthritis resulting from the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, typically affecting the big toe and characterized by sudden attacks of severe pain, redness, and swelling.
5. Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA): An inflammatory joint disease associated with psoriasis, causing symptoms such as pain, stiffness, and swelling in the joints and surrounding tissues.
6. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA): A group of chronic arthritis conditions affecting children, characterized by joint inflammation, pain, and stiffness.
7. Ankylosing Spondylitis: A form of arthritis primarily affecting the spine, causing inflammation, pain, and potential fusion of spinal vertebrae.
8. Bursitis: Inflammation of the fluid-filled sacs (bursae) that cushion joints, leading to pain and swelling.
9. Tendinitis: Inflammation or degeneration of tendons, which connect muscles to bones, often resulting in pain and stiffness near joints.

These conditions can impact the function and mobility of affected joints, causing discomfort and limiting daily activities. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing joint diseases and preserving joint health.

Spinal curvatures refer to the normal or abnormal curvature patterns of the spine as viewed from the side. The human spine has four distinct curves that form an "S" shape when viewed from the side: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral. These natural curves provide strength, flexibility, and balance to the spine, allowing us to stand upright, maintain proper posture, and absorb shock during movement.

Abnormal spinal curvatures are often referred to as spinal deformities and can be classified into two main categories: hyperkyphosis (increased kyphosis) and hyperlordosis (increased lordosis). Examples of such conditions include:

1. Kyphosis: An excessive curvature in the thoracic or sacral regions, leading to a hunchback or rounded appearance. Mild kyphosis is common and usually not problematic, but severe cases can cause pain, breathing difficulties, and neurological issues.
2. Lordosis: An abnormal increase in the curvature of the lumbar or cervical spine, resulting in an exaggerated swayback posture. This can lead to lower back pain, muscle strain, and difficulty maintaining proper balance.
3. Scoliosis: A lateral (side-to-side) spinal curvature that causes the spine to twist and rotate, forming a C or S shape when viewed from behind. Most scoliosis cases are idiopathic (of unknown cause), but they can also be congenital (present at birth) or secondary to other medical conditions.

These abnormal spinal curvatures may require medical intervention, such as physical therapy, bracing, or surgery, depending on the severity and progression of the condition.

Foot deformities refer to abnormal changes in the structure and/or alignment of the bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, or tendons in the foot, leading to a deviation from the normal shape and function of the foot. These deformities can occur in various parts of the foot, such as the toes, arch, heel, or ankle, and can result in pain, difficulty walking, and reduced mobility. Some common examples of foot deformities include:

1. Hammertoes: A deformity where the toe bends downward at the middle joint, resembling a hammer.
2. Mallet toes: A condition where the end joint of the toe is bent downward, creating a mallet-like shape.
3. Claw toes: A combination of both hammertoes and mallet toes, causing all three joints in the toe to bend abnormally.
4. Bunions: A bony bump that forms on the inside of the foot at the base of the big toe, caused by the misalignment of the big toe joint.
5. Tailor's bunion (bunionette): A similar condition to a bunion but occurring on the outside of the foot, at the base of the little toe.
6. Flat feet (pes planus): A condition where the arch of the foot collapses, causing the entire sole of the foot to come into contact with the ground when standing or walking.
7. High arches (pes cavus): An excessively high arch that doesn't provide enough shock absorption and can lead to pain and instability.
8. Cavus foot: A condition characterized by a very high arch and tight heel cord, often leading to an imbalance in the foot structure and increased risk of ankle injuries.
9. Haglund's deformity: A bony enlargement on the back of the heel, which can cause pain and irritation when wearing shoes.
10. Charcot foot: A severe deformity that occurs due to nerve damage in the foot, leading to weakened bones, joint dislocations, and foot collapse.

Foot deformities can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired (develop later in life) due to various factors such as injury, illness, poor footwear, or abnormal biomechanics. Proper diagnosis, treatment, and management are essential for maintaining foot health and preventing further complications.

A finger joint, also known as an articulation, is the point where two bones in a finger connect and allow for movement. The majority of finger joints are classified as hinge joints, permitting flexion and extension movements. These joints consist of several components:

1. Articular cartilage: Smooth tissue that covers the ends of the bones, enabling smooth movement and protecting the bones from friction.
2. Joint capsule: A fibrous sac enclosing the joint, providing stability and producing synovial fluid for lubrication.
3. Synovial membrane: Lines the inner surface of the joint capsule and produces synovial fluid to lubricate the joint.
4. Volar plate (palmar ligament): A strong band of tissue located on the palm side of the joint, preventing excessive extension and maintaining alignment.
5. Collateral ligaments: Two bands of tissue located on each side of the joint, providing lateral stability and limiting radial and ulnar deviation.
6. Flexor tendons: Tendons that attach to the bones on the palmar side of the finger joints, facilitating flexion movements.
7. Extensor tendons: Tendons that attach to the bones on the dorsal side of the finger joints, enabling extension movements.

Finger joints are essential for hand function and enable activities such as grasping, holding, writing, and manipulating objects.

Osteotomy is a surgical procedure in which a bone is cut to shorten, lengthen, or change its alignment. It is often performed to correct deformities or to realign bones that have been damaged by trauma or disease. The bone may be cut straight across (transverse osteotomy) or at an angle (oblique osteotomy). After the bone is cut, it can be realigned and held in place with pins, plates, or screws until it heals. This procedure is commonly performed on bones in the leg, such as the femur or tibia, but can also be done on other bones in the body.

Scoliosis is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, which most often occurs in the thoracic or lumbar regions. The curvature can be "C" or "S" shaped and may also include rotation of the vertebrae. Mild scoliosis doesn't typically cause problems, but severe cases can interfere with breathing and other bodily functions.

The exact cause of most scoliosis is unknown, but it may be related to genetic factors. It often develops in the pre-teen or teenage years, particularly in girls, and is more commonly found in individuals with certain neuromuscular disorders such as cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy.

Treatment for scoliosis depends on the severity of the curve, its location, and the age and expected growth of the individual. Mild cases may only require regular monitoring to ensure the curve doesn't worsen. More severe cases may require bracing or surgery to correct the curvature and prevent it from getting worse.

Equinus deformity is a condition in which the ankle remains in a permanently plantarflexed position, meaning that the toes are pointing downward. This limitation in motion can occur in one or both feet and can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired. Acquired equinus deformity can result from conditions such as cerebral palsy, stroke, trauma, or prolonged immobilization. The limited range of motion in the ankle can cause difficulty walking, pain, and abnormalities in gait. Treatment options for equinus deformity may include physical therapy, bracing, orthotic devices, or surgery.

Clubfoot, also known as talipes equinovarus, is a congenital foot deformity where the foot is twisted inward and downward. The affected foot appears to be turned inward and downward, resembling a club or a bowling pin. This condition usually affects one foot but can occur in both feet as well.

The cause of clubfoot is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Clubfoot is often diagnosed at birth or during routine prenatal ultrasound exams. Treatment for clubfoot typically involves nonsurgical methods such as stretching, casting, and bracing to gradually correct the position of the foot over time. In some cases, surgery may be required to release tight tendons and realign the bones in the foot and ankle.

If left untreated, clubfoot can lead to significant mobility issues and difficulty walking or participating in activities. However, with early intervention and consistent treatment, most children with clubfoot are able to lead active and normal lives.

The ankle joint, also known as the talocrural joint, is the articulation between the bones of the lower leg (tibia and fibula) and the talus bone in the foot. It is a synovial hinge joint that allows for dorsiflexion and plantarflexion movements, which are essential for walking, running, and jumping. The ankle joint is reinforced by strong ligaments on both sides to provide stability during these movements.

Congenital Lower Extremity Deformities refer to abnormal structures or development in the lower limbs (including thighs, legs, and feet) that are present at birth. These deformities can vary greatly in severity, from mild differences in shape or position to severe defects that significantly limit mobility or function.

Congenital lower extremity deformities can be caused by genetic factors, environmental influences during pregnancy, or a combination of both. Some common examples include:

1. Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot): A deformity where the foot is turned inward and downward at birth.
2. Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH): A condition where the hip joint does not form properly, leading to instability or dislocation.
3. Congenital Femoral Deficiency: A rare condition where there is a deficiency or absence of the femur (thigh bone) or abnormal development of the hip joint.
4. Fibular Hemimelia: A congenital absence or shortening of the fibula bone, which can lead to foot and ankle deformities.
5. Tibial Hemimelia: A rare condition where there is a partial or complete absence of the tibia bone, leading to significant leg length discrepancies and joint instability.

Treatment for congenital lower extremity deformities can range from non-surgical interventions such as bracing, casting, or physical therapy to surgical procedures aimed at correcting the deformity and improving function.

Kyphosis is a medical term used to describe an excessive curvature of the spine in the sagittal plane, leading to a rounded or humped back appearance. This condition often affects the thoracic region of the spine and can result from various factors such as age-related degenerative changes, congenital disorders, Scheuermann's disease, osteoporosis, or traumatic injuries. Mild kyphosis may not cause any significant symptoms; however, severe cases can lead to pain, respiratory difficulties, and decreased quality of life. Treatment options typically include physical therapy, bracing, and, in some cases, surgical intervention.

The wrist joint, also known as the radiocarpal joint, is a condyloid joint that connects the distal end of the radius bone in the forearm to the proximal row of carpal bones in the hand (scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones). It allows for flexion, extension, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation movements of the hand. The wrist joint is surrounded by a capsule and reinforced by several ligaments that provide stability and strength to the joint.

The spine, also known as the vertebral column, is a complex structure in the human body that is part of the axial skeleton. It is composed of 33 individual vertebrae (except in some people where there are fewer due to fusion of certain vertebrae), intervertebral discs, facet joints, ligaments, muscles, and nerves.

The spine has several important functions:

1. Protection: The spine protects the spinal cord, which is a major component of the nervous system, by enclosing it within a bony canal.
2. Support: The spine supports the head and upper body, allowing us to maintain an upright posture and facilitating movement of the trunk and head.
3. Movement: The spine enables various movements such as flexion (bending forward), extension (bending backward), lateral flexion (bending sideways), and rotation (twisting).
4. Weight-bearing: The spine helps distribute weight and pressure evenly across the body, reducing stress on individual vertebrae and other structures.
5. Blood vessel and nerve protection: The spine protects vital blood vessels and nerves that pass through it, including the aorta, vena cava, and spinal nerves.

The spine is divided into five regions: cervical (7 vertebrae), thoracic (12 vertebrae), lumbar (5 vertebrae), sacrum (5 fused vertebrae), and coccyx (4 fused vertebrae, also known as the tailbone). Each region has unique characteristics that allow for specific functions and adaptations to the body's needs.

The tarsal joints are a series of articulations in the foot that involve the bones of the hindfoot and midfoot. There are three main tarsal joints:

1. Talocrural joint (also known as the ankle joint): This is the joint between the talus bone of the lower leg and the tibia and fibula bones of the lower leg, as well as the calcaneus bone of the foot. It allows for dorsiflexion and plantarflexion movements of the foot.
2. Subtalar joint: This is the joint between the talus bone and the calcaneus bone. It allows for inversion and eversion movements of the foot.
3. Tarsometatarsal joints (also known as the Lisfranc joint): These are the joints between the tarsal bones of the midfoot and the metatarsal bones of the forefoot. They allow for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction movements of the foot.

These joints play an important role in the stability and mobility of the foot, allowing for various movements during activities such as walking, running, and jumping.

The metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint is the joint in the foot where the metatarsal bones of the foot (the long bones behind the toes) connect with the proximal phalanges of the toes. It's a synovial joint, which means it's surrounded by a capsule containing synovial fluid to allow for smooth movement. The MTP joint is responsible for allowing the flexion and extension movements of the toes, and is important for maintaining balance and pushing off during walking and running. Issues with the MTP joint can lead to conditions such as hallux valgus (bunions) or hammertoe.

The hip joint, also known as the coxal joint, is a ball-and-socket type synovial joint that connects the femur (thigh bone) to the pelvis. The "ball" is the head of the femur, while the "socket" is the acetabulum, a concave surface on the pelvic bone.

The hip joint is surrounded by a strong fibrous capsule and is reinforced by several ligaments, including the iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, and pubofemoral ligaments. The joint allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation, and circumduction movements, making it one of the most mobile joints in the body.

The hip joint is also supported by various muscles, including the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, iliopsoas, and other hip flexors and extensors. These muscles provide stability and strength to the joint, allowing for weight-bearing activities such as walking, running, and jumping.

The Ilizarov technique is a surgical method used for limb lengthening and reconstruction. It involves the use of an external fixation device, which consists of rings connected by adjustable rods and wires that are attached to the bone. This apparatus allows for gradual distraction (slow, steady stretching) of the bone, allowing new bone tissue to grow in the gap created by the distraction. The Ilizarov technique can be used to treat various conditions such as limb length discrepancies, bone deformities, and nonunions (failed healing of a fracture). It is named after its developer, Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov, a Soviet orthopedic surgeon.

Developmental bone diseases are a group of medical conditions that affect the growth and development of bones. These diseases are present at birth or develop during childhood and adolescence, when bones are growing rapidly. They can result from genetic mutations, hormonal imbalances, or environmental factors such as poor nutrition.

Some examples of developmental bone diseases include:

1. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI): Also known as brittle bone disease, OI is a genetic disorder that affects the body's production of collagen, a protein necessary for healthy bones. People with OI have fragile bones that break easily and may also experience other symptoms such as blue sclerae (whites of the eyes), hearing loss, and joint laxity.
2. Achondroplasia: This is the most common form of dwarfism, caused by a genetic mutation that affects bone growth. People with achondroplasia have short limbs and a large head relative to their body size.
3. Rickets: A condition caused by vitamin D deficiency or an inability to absorb or use vitamin D properly. This leads to weak, soft bones that can bow or bend easily, particularly in children.
4. Fibrous dysplasia: A rare bone disorder where normal bone is replaced with fibrous tissue, leading to weakened bones and deformities.
5. Scoliosis: An abnormal curvature of the spine that can develop during childhood or adolescence. While not strictly a developmental bone disease, scoliosis can be caused by various underlying conditions such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, or spina bifida.

Treatment for developmental bone diseases varies depending on the specific condition and its severity. Treatment may include medication, physical therapy, bracing, or surgery to correct deformities and improve function. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is essential to monitor growth, manage symptoms, and prevent complications.

Bone lengthening is a surgical procedure that involves cutting and then gradually stretching the bone apart, allowing new bone to grow in its place. This process is also known as distraction osteogenesis. The goal of bone lengthening is to increase the length of a bone, either to improve function or to correct a deformity.

The procedure typically involves making an incision in the skin over the bone and using specialized tools to cut through the bone. Once the bone is cut, a device called an external fixator is attached to the bone on either side of the cut. The external fixator is then gradually adjusted over time to slowly stretch the bone apart, creating a gap between the two ends of the bone. As the bone is stretched, new bone tissue begins to grow in the space between the two ends, eventually filling in the gap and lengthening the bone.

Bone lengthening can be used to treat a variety of conditions, including limb length discrepancies, congenital deformities, and injuries that result in bone loss. It is typically performed by an orthopedic surgeon and may require several months of follow-up care to ensure proper healing and growth of the new bone tissue.

'Leg length inequality' (LLIS) is a condition where there is a discrepancy in the lengths of an individual's lower extremities, specifically the bones of the thigh (femur) and/or the leg (tibia/fibula). This discrepancy can be congenital or acquired due to various causes such as fractures, infections, or surgical procedures. The inequality can lead to functional scoliosis, lower back pain, and other musculoskeletal issues. It is typically diagnosed through physical examination and imaging studies like X-rays, and may be treated with various methods including orthotics, shoe lifts, or in some cases, surgical intervention.

Articular Range of Motion (AROM) is a term used in physiotherapy and orthopedics to describe the amount of movement available in a joint, measured in degrees of a circle. It refers to the range through which synovial joints can actively move without causing pain or injury. AROM is assessed by measuring the degree of motion achieved by active muscle contraction, as opposed to passive range of motion (PROM), where the movement is generated by an external force.

Assessment of AROM is important in evaluating a patient's functional ability and progress, planning treatment interventions, and determining return to normal activities or sports participation. It is also used to identify any restrictions in joint mobility that may be due to injury, disease, or surgery, and to monitor the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs.

A joint capsule is the fibrous sac that encloses a synovial joint, which is a type of joint characterized by the presence of a cavity filled with synovial fluid. The joint capsule provides stability and strength to the joint, while also allowing for a range of motion. It consists of two layers: an outer fibrous layer and an inner synovial membrane. The fibrous layer is made up of dense connective tissue that helps to stabilize the joint, while the synovial membrane produces synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint and reduces friction during movement.

Congenital limb deformities refer to abnormalities in the structure, position, or function of the arms or legs that are present at birth. These deformities can vary greatly in severity and may affect any part of the limb, including the bones, muscles, joints, and nerves.

Congenital limb deformities can be caused by genetic factors, exposure to certain medications or chemicals during pregnancy, or other environmental factors. Some common types of congenital limb deformities include:

1. Clubfoot: A condition in which the foot is twisted out of shape, making it difficult to walk normally.
2. Polydactyly: A condition in which a person is born with extra fingers or toes.
3. Radial clubhand: A rare condition in which the radius bone in the forearm is missing or underdeveloped, causing the hand to turn inward and the wrist to bend.
4. Amniotic band syndrome: A condition in which strands of the amniotic sac wrap around a developing limb, restricting its growth and leading to deformities.
5. Agenesis: A condition in which a limb or part of a limb is missing at birth.

Treatment for congenital limb deformities may include surgery, bracing, physical therapy, or other interventions depending on the severity and nature of the deformity. In some cases, early intervention and treatment can help to improve function and reduce the impact of the deformity on a person's daily life.

Congenital hand deformities refer to physical abnormalities or malformations of the hand, wrist, and/or digits (fingers) that are present at birth. These deformities can result from genetic factors, environmental influences during pregnancy, or a combination of both. They may affect the bones, muscles, tendons, joints, and other structures in the hand, leading to varying degrees of impairment in function and appearance.

There are numerous types of congenital hand deformities, some of which include:

1. Polydactyly: The presence of extra digits on the hand, which can be fully formed or rudimentary.
2. Syndactyly: Webbing or fusion of two or more fingers, which may involve soft tissue only or bone as well.
3. Clinodactyly: A curved finger due to a sideways deviation of the fingertip, often affecting the little finger.
4. Camptodactyly: Permanent flexion or bending of one or more fingers, typically involving the proximal interphalangeal joint.
5. Trigger Finger/Thumb: A condition where a finger or thumb becomes locked in a bent position due to thickening and narrowing of the tendon sheath.
6. Radial Club Hand (Radial Ray Deficiency): Underdevelopment or absence of the radius bone, resulting in a short, curved forearm and hand deformity.
7. Ulnar Club Hand (Ulnar Ray Deficiency): Underdevelopment or absence of the ulna bone, leading to a short, curved forearm and hand deformity.
8. Cleidocranial Dysplasia: A genetic disorder affecting bone growth, resulting in underdeveloped or absent collarbones, dental abnormalities, and occasionally hand deformities.
9. Apert Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by the fusion of fingers and toes (syndactyly) and other skeletal abnormalities.
10. Holt-Oram Syndrome: A genetic disorder involving heart defects and upper limb deformities, such as radial ray deficiency or thumb anomalies.

Treatment for hand deformities varies depending on the specific condition and severity. Options may include physical therapy, bracing, splinting, medications, or surgical intervention.

Medical professionals define "flatfoot" or "pes planus" as a postural deformity in which the arch of the foot collapses, leading to the entire sole of the foot coming into complete or near-complete contact with the ground. This condition can be classified as flexible (the arch reappears when the foot is not bearing weight) or rigid (the arch does not reappear). Flatfoot can result from various factors such as genetics, injury, aging, or certain medical conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and cerebral palsy. In some cases, flatfoot may not cause any symptoms or problems; however, in other instances, it can lead to pain, discomfort, or difficulty walking. Treatment options for flatfoot depend on the severity of the condition and associated symptoms and may include physical therapy, orthotics, bracing, or surgery.

The thoracic vertebrae are the 12 vertebrae in the thoracic region of the spine, which is the portion between the cervical and lumbar regions. These vertebrae are numbered T1 to T12, with T1 being closest to the skull and T12 connecting to the lumbar region.

The main function of the thoracic vertebrae is to provide stability and support for the chest region, including protection for the vital organs within, such as the heart and lungs. Each thoracic vertebra has costal facets on its sides, which articulate with the heads of the ribs, forming the costovertebral joints. This connection between the spine and the ribcage allows for a range of movements while maintaining stability.

The thoracic vertebrae have a unique structure compared to other regions of the spine. They are characterized by having long, narrow bodies, small bony processes, and prominent spinous processes that point downwards. This particular shape and orientation of the thoracic vertebrae contribute to their role in limiting excessive spinal movement and providing overall trunk stability.

A contracture, in a medical context, refers to the abnormal shortening and hardening of muscles, tendons, or other tissue, which can result in limited mobility and deformity of joints. This condition can occur due to various reasons such as injury, prolonged immobilization, scarring, neurological disorders, or genetic conditions.

Contractures can cause significant impairment in daily activities and quality of life, making it difficult for individuals to perform routine tasks like dressing, bathing, or walking. Treatment options may include physical therapy, splinting, casting, medications, surgery, or a combination of these approaches, depending on the severity and underlying cause of the contracture.

Orthopedic procedures are surgical or nonsurgical methods used to treat musculoskeletal conditions, including injuries, deformities, or diseases of the bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, and tendons. These procedures can range from simple splinting or casting to complex surgeries such as joint replacements, spinal fusions, or osteotomies (cutting and repositioning bones). The primary goal of orthopedic procedures is to restore function, reduce pain, and improve the quality of life for patients.

The sacroiliac (SI) joint is the joint that connects the iliac bone (part of the pelvis) and the sacrum (the triangular bone at the base of the spine). There are two sacroiliac joints, one on each side of the spine. The primary function of these joints is to absorb shock between the upper body and lower body and distribute the weight of the upper body to the lower body. They also provide a small amount of movement to allow for flexibility when walking or running. The SI joints are supported and stabilized by strong ligaments, muscles, and bones.

The tarsal bones are a group of seven articulating bones in the foot that make up the posterior portion of the foot, located between the talus bone of the leg and the metatarsal bones of the forefoot. They play a crucial role in supporting the body's weight and facilitating movement.

There are three categories of tarsal bones:

1. Proximal row: This includes the talus, calcaneus (heel bone), and navicular bones. The talus articulates with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint, while the calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone and forms the heel. The navicular bone is located between the talus and the cuneiform bones.

2. Intermediate row: This includes the cuboid bone, which is located laterally (on the outside) to the navicular bone and articulates with the calcaneus, fourth and fifth metatarsals, and the cuneiform bones.

3. Distal row: This includes three cuneiform bones - the medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiforms - which are located between the navicular bone proximally and the first, second, and third metatarsal bones distally. The medial cuneiform is the largest of the three and articulates with the navicular bone, first metatarsal, and the intermediate cuneiform. The intermediate cuneiform articulates with the medial and lateral cuneiforms and the second metatarsal. The lateral cuneiform articulates with the intermediate cuneiform, cuboid, and fourth metatarsal.

Together, these bones form a complex network of joints that allow for movement and stability in the foot. Injuries or disorders affecting the tarsal bones can result in pain, stiffness, and difficulty walking.

Joint instability is a condition characterized by the loss of normal joint function and increased risk of joint injury due to impaired integrity of the supporting structures, such as ligaments, muscles, or cartilage. This can result in excessive movement or laxity within the joint, leading to decreased stability and increased susceptibility to dislocations or subluxations. Joint instability may cause pain, swelling, and limited range of motion, and it can significantly impact a person's mobility and quality of life. It is often caused by trauma, degenerative conditions, or congenital abnormalities and may require medical intervention, such as physical therapy, bracing, or surgery, to restore joint stability.

Hallux Valgus is a medical condition that affects the foot, specifically the big toe joint. It is characterized by the deviation of the big toe (hallux) towards the second toe, resulting in a prominent bump on the inner side of the foot at the base of the big toe. This bump is actually the metatarsal head of the first bone in the foot that becomes exposed due to the angulation.

The deformity can lead to pain, stiffness, and difficulty wearing shoes. In severe cases, it can also cause secondary arthritis in the joint. Hallux Valgus is more common in women than men and can be caused by genetic factors, foot shape, or ill-fitting shoes that put pressure on the big toe joint.

The tibia, also known as the shin bone, is the larger of the two bones in the lower leg and part of the knee joint. It supports most of the body's weight and is a major insertion point for muscles that flex the foot and bend the leg. The tibia articulates with the femur at the knee joint and with the fibula and talus bone at the ankle joint. Injuries to the tibia, such as fractures, are common in sports and other activities that put stress on the lower leg.

In medical terms, ribs are the long, curved bones that make up the ribcage in the human body. They articulate with the thoracic vertebrae posteriorly and connect to the sternum anteriorly via costal cartilages. There are 12 pairs of ribs in total, and they play a crucial role in protecting the lungs and heart, allowing room for expansion and contraction during breathing. Ribs also provide attachment points for various muscles involved in respiration and posture.

Acquired ear deformities refer to abnormal shapes or structures of the ear that result from injury, infection, inflammation, or other external factors after birth. These deformities can affect the appearance and function of the ear, causing symptoms such as hearing loss or discomfort. Examples of acquired ear deformities include:

1. Cauliflower ear: a condition characterized by swelling, thickening, and distortion of the ear caused by repeated trauma or injury to the ear cartilage.
2. Microtia: a congenital ear abnormality that can become worse over time due to infection, inflammation, or trauma, resulting in an underdeveloped or absent ear.
3. Macrotia: an abnormally large ear that may result from injury or other external factors.
4. Stenosis: a narrowing of the ear canal that can result from chronic inflammation, infection, or scarring.
5. Hematoma: a collection of blood in the ear tissue caused by trauma or injury, which can lead to deformity if not treated promptly.
6. Keloids: overgrowths of scar tissue that can form after injury or surgery and distort the shape of the ear.

Treatment for acquired ear deformities may include surgical reconstruction, splinting, or other interventions depending on the severity and underlying cause of the condition.

Musculoskeletal abnormalities refer to structural and functional disorders that affect the musculoskeletal system, which includes the bones, muscles, cartilages, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other related tissues. These abnormalities can result from genetic factors, trauma, overuse, degenerative processes, infections, or tumors. They may cause pain, stiffness, limited mobility, deformity, weakness, and susceptibility to injuries. Examples of musculoskeletal abnormalities include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis, fractures, dislocations, tendinitis, bursitis, myopathies, and various congenital conditions.

An external fixator is a type of orthopedic device used in the treatment of severe fractures or deformities of bones. It consists of an external frame that is attached to the bone with pins or wires that pass through the skin and into the bone. This provides stability to the injured area while allowing for alignment and adjustment of the bone during the healing process.

External fixators are typically used in cases where traditional casting or internal fixation methods are not feasible, such as when there is extensive soft tissue damage, infection, or when a limb needs to be gradually stretched or shortened. They can also be used in reconstructive surgery for bone defects or deformities.

The external frame of the fixator is made up of bars and clamps that are adjustable, allowing for precise positioning and alignment of the bones. The pins or wires that attach to the bone are carefully inserted through small incisions in the skin, and are held in place by the clamps on the frame.

External fixators can be used for a period of several weeks to several months, depending on the severity of the injury and the individual's healing process. During this time, the patient may require regular adjustments and monitoring by an orthopedic surgeon or other medical professional. Once the bone has healed sufficiently, the external fixator can be removed in a follow-up procedure.

Pectus Excavatum, commonly referred to as "Funnel Chest," is a congenital deformity of the chest wall where the sternum (breastbone) and rib cartilages grow inward, creating a sunken or caved-in appearance of the chest. This condition can vary in severity, from mild to severe, and may affect one's appearance, breathing, and overall health. In some cases, surgical intervention might be required to correct the deformity and improve related symptoms.

Hammertoe syndrome, also known as hammer toe, is a deformity of the second, third, or fourth smaller toes where they become permanently bent at the middle joint, resembling a hammer. This condition can cause pain and difficulty walking, especially when wearing shoes that rub against the raised portion of the toe. Hammertoe syndrome can be caused by factors such as inherited foot type, arthritis, and muscle imbalance, and it can also result from wearing narrow or ill-fitting shoes for extended periods. Treatment options may include changes in footwear, orthotics, physical therapy, and in severe cases, surgery.

The shoulder joint, also known as the glenohumeral joint, is the most mobile joint in the human body. It is a ball and socket synovial joint that connects the head of the humerus (upper arm bone) to the glenoid cavity of the scapula (shoulder blade). The shoulder joint allows for a wide range of movements including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation. It is surrounded by a group of muscles and tendons known as the rotator cuff that provide stability and enable smooth movement of the joint.

Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMD) refer to a group of conditions that cause pain and dysfunction in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the muscles that control jaw movement. The TMJ is the hinge joint that connects the lower jaw (mandible) to the skull (temporal bone) in front of the ear. It allows for movements required for activities such as eating, speaking, and yawning.

TMD can result from various causes, including:

1. Muscle tension or spasm due to clenching or grinding teeth (bruxism), stress, or jaw misalignment
2. Dislocation or injury of the TMJ disc, which is a small piece of cartilage that acts as a cushion between the bones in the joint
3. Arthritis or other degenerative conditions affecting the TMJ
4. Bite problems (malocclusion) leading to abnormal stress on the TMJ and its surrounding muscles
5. Stress, which can exacerbate existing TMD symptoms by causing muscle tension

Symptoms of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders may include:
- Pain or tenderness in the jaw, face, neck, or shoulders
- Limited jaw movement or locking of the jaw
- Clicking, popping, or grating sounds when moving the jaw
- Headaches, earaches, or dizziness
- Difficulty chewing or biting
- Swelling on the side of the face

Treatment for TMD varies depending on the severity and cause of the condition. It may include self-care measures (like eating soft foods, avoiding extreme jaw movements, and applying heat or cold packs), physical therapy, medications (such as muscle relaxants, pain relievers, or anti-inflammatory drugs), dental work (including bite adjustments or orthodontic treatment), or even surgery in severe cases.

"Genu valgum," also known as "knock-knee," is a condition where there is an excessive angle between the thighbone (femur) and the shinbone (tibia), causing the knees to touch or come close together while the ankles remain separated when standing with the feet and knees together. This abnormal alignment can lead to difficulty walking, running, and participating in certain activities, as well as potential long-term complications such as joint pain and osteoarthritis if not properly addressed. Genu valgum is typically diagnosed through physical examination and imaging studies such as X-rays, and treatment may include observation, physical therapy, bracing, or surgery depending on the severity of the condition and the individual's age and overall health.

A splint is a device used to support, protect, and immobilize injured body parts, such as bones, joints, or muscles. It can be made from various materials like plastic, metal, or fiberglass. Splints are often used to keep the injured area in a stable position, reducing pain, swelling, and further damage while the injury heals. They come in different shapes and sizes, tailored to fit specific body parts and injuries. A splint can be adjustable or custom-made, depending on the patient's needs. It is essential to follow healthcare professionals' instructions for using and caring for a splint to ensure proper healing and prevent complications.

The ulna is one of the two long bones in the forearm, the other being the radius. It runs from the elbow to the wrist and is located on the medial side of the forearm, next to the bone called the humerus in the upper arm. The ulna plays a crucial role in the movement of the forearm and also serves as an attachment site for various muscles.

Malunited fractures refer to a type of fracture where the bones do not heal in their proper alignment or position. This can occur due to various reasons such as inadequate reduction of the fracture fragments during initial treatment, improper casting or immobilization, or failure of the patient to follow proper immobilization instructions. Malunited fractures can result in deformity, limited range of motion, and decreased functionality of the affected limb. Additional treatments such as surgery may be required to correct the malunion and restore normal function.

A joint prosthesis, also known as an artificial joint or a replacement joint, is a surgical implant used to replace all or part of a damaged or diseased joint. The most common types of joint prostheses are total hip replacements and total knee replacements. These prostheses typically consist of a combination of metal, plastic, and ceramic components that are designed to replicate the movement and function of a natural joint.

Joint prostheses are usually recommended for patients who have severe joint pain or mobility issues that cannot be adequately managed with other treatments such as physical therapy, medication, or lifestyle changes. The goal of joint replacement surgery is to relieve pain, improve joint function, and enhance the patient's quality of life.

Joint prostheses are typically made from materials such as titanium, cobalt-chrome alloys, stainless steel, polyethylene plastic, and ceramics. The choice of material depends on a variety of factors, including the patient's age, activity level, weight, and overall health.

While joint replacement surgery is generally safe and effective, there are risks associated with any surgical procedure, including infection, blood clots, implant loosening or failure, and nerve damage. Patients who undergo joint replacement surgery typically require several weeks of rehabilitation and physical therapy to regain strength and mobility in the affected joint.

The femur is the medical term for the thigh bone, which is the longest and strongest bone in the human body. It connects the hip bone to the knee joint and plays a crucial role in supporting the weight of the body and allowing movement during activities such as walking, running, and jumping. The femur is composed of a rounded head, a long shaft, and two condyles at the lower end that articulate with the tibia and patella to form the knee joint.

Tuberculosis (TB) of the spine, also known as Pott's disease, is a specific form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that involves the vertebral column. It is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium, which primarily affects the lungs but can spread through the bloodstream to other parts of the body, including the spine.

In Pott's disease, the infection leads to the destruction of the spongy bone (vertebral body) and the intervertebral disc space, resulting in vertebral collapse, kyphosis (hunchback deformity), and potential neurological complications due to spinal cord compression. Common symptoms include back pain, stiffness, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Early diagnosis and treatment with a multidrug antibiotic regimen are crucial to prevent long-term disability and further spread of the infection.

Orthopedic fixation devices are medical implants used in orthopedic surgery to provide stability and promote the healing of fractured or broken bones, as well as joints or spinal segments. These devices can be internal or external and include a variety of products such as:

1. Intramedullary nails: Long rods that are inserted into the center of a bone to stabilize fractures in long bones like the femur or tibia.
2. Plates and screws: Metal plates are attached to the surface of a bone with screws to hold the fragments together while they heal.
3. Screws: Used alone or in combination with other devices, they can be used to stabilize small fractures or to fix implants like total joint replacements.
4. Wires: Used to hold bone fragments together, often in conjunction with other devices.
5. External fixators: A external frame attached to the bones using pins or wires that is placed outside the skin to provide stability and alignment of fractured bones.
6. Spinal fixation devices: These include pedicle screws, rods, hooks, and plates used to stabilize spinal fractures or deformities.
7. Orthopedic staples: Small metal staples used to stabilize small bone fragments or for joint fusion.

The choice of orthopedic fixation device depends on the location and severity of the injury or condition being treated. The primary goal of these devices is to provide stability, promote healing, and restore function.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of joint disease that is characterized by the breakdown and eventual loss of cartilage - the tissue that cushions the ends of bones where they meet in the joints. This breakdown can cause the bones to rub against each other, causing pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility. OA can occur in any joint, but it most commonly affects the hands, knees, hips, and spine. It is often associated with aging and can be caused or worsened by obesity, injury, or overuse.

The medical definition of osteoarthritis is: "a degenerative, non-inflammatory joint disease characterized by the loss of articular cartilage, bone remodeling, and the formation of osteophytes (bone spurs). It is often associated with pain, stiffness, and decreased range of motion in the affected joint."

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints. It is characterized by persistent inflammation, synovial hyperplasia, and subsequent damage to the articular cartilage and bone. The immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues, specifically targeting the synovial membrane lining the joint capsule. This results in swelling, pain, warmth, and stiffness in affected joints, often most severely in the hands and feet.

RA can also have extra-articular manifestations, affecting other organs such as the lungs, heart, skin, eyes, and blood vessels. The exact cause of RA remains unknown, but it is believed to involve a complex interplay between genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in managing rheumatoid arthritis to prevent joint damage, disability, and systemic complications.

Spinal fusion is a surgical procedure where two or more vertebrae in the spine are fused together to create a solid bone. The purpose of this procedure is to restrict movement between the fused vertebrae, which can help reduce pain and stabilize the spine. This is typically done using bone grafts or bone graft substitutes, along with hardware such as rods, screws, or cages to hold the vertebrae in place while they heal together. The procedure may be recommended for various spinal conditions, including degenerative disc disease, spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, scoliosis, or fractures.

"Foot joints" is a general term that refers to the various articulations or connections between the bones in the foot. There are several joints in the foot, including:

1. The ankle joint (tibiotalar joint): This is the joint between the tibia and fibula bones of the lower leg and the talus bone of the foot.
2. The subtalar joint (talocalcaneal joint): This is the joint between the talus bone and the calcaneus (heel) bone.
3. The calcaneocuboid joint: This is the joint between the calcaneus bone and the cuboid bone, which is one of the bones in the midfoot.
4. The tarsometatarsal joints (Lisfranc joint): These are the joints that connect the tarsal bones in the midfoot to the metatarsal bones in the forefoot.
5. The metatarsophalangeal joints: These are the joints between the metatarsal bones and the phalanges (toes) in the forefoot.
6. The interphalangeal joints: These are the joints between the phalanges within each toe.

Each of these foot joints plays a specific role in supporting the foot, absorbing shock, and allowing for movement and flexibility during walking and other activities.

Surgical casts are medical devices used to immobilize and protect injured body parts, typically fractured or broken bones, during the healing process. They are usually made of plaster or fiberglass materials that harden when wet and conform to the shape of the affected area once applied. The purpose of a surgical cast is to restrict movement and provide stability to the injured site, allowing for proper alignment and healing of the bones.

The casting process involves first aligning the broken bone fragments into their correct positions, often through manual manipulation or surgical intervention. Once aligned, the cast material is applied in layers, with each layer being allowed to dry before adding the next. This creates a rigid structure that encases and supports the injured area. The cast must be kept dry during the healing process to prevent it from becoming weakened or damaged.

Surgical casts come in various shapes and sizes depending on the location and severity of the injury. They may also include additional components such as padding, Velcro straps, or window openings to allow for regular monitoring of the skin and underlying tissue. In some cases, removable splints or functional braces may be used instead of traditional casts, providing similar support while allowing for limited movement and easier adjustments.

It is essential to follow proper care instructions when wearing a surgical cast, including elevating the injured limb, avoiding excessive weight-bearing, and monitoring for signs of complications such as swelling, numbness, or infection. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are necessary to ensure proper healing and adjust the cast if needed.

Treatment outcome is a term used to describe the result or effect of medical treatment on a patient's health status. It can be measured in various ways, such as through symptoms improvement, disease remission, reduced disability, improved quality of life, or survival rates. The treatment outcome helps healthcare providers evaluate the effectiveness of a particular treatment plan and make informed decisions about future care. It is also used in clinical research to compare the efficacy of different treatments and improve patient care.

Dentofacial deformities refer to abnormalities in the growth and development of the teeth and facial bones. These deformities can affect the alignment, shape, and function of the teeth and jaws, leading to problems with chewing, speaking, and breathing. Dentofacial deformities can be caused by genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both.

There are various types of dentofacial deformities, including:

1. Overbite: Also known as buck teeth, an overbite occurs when the upper front teeth overlap the lower front teeth excessively.
2. Underbite: An underbite occurs when the lower front teeth protrude beyond the upper front teeth.
3. Crossbite: A crossbite occurs when the upper and lower teeth do not meet properly, causing the jaw to shift to one side.
4. Open bite: An open bite occurs when there is a space between the upper and lower front teeth when the back teeth are biting together.
5. Protrusion: Protrusion refers to the abnormal forward placement of the upper or lower teeth.
6. Asymmetry: Facial asymmetry occurs when the left and right sides of the face are not symmetrical, leading to a crooked smile or jaw.
7. Jaw deformities: Jaw deformities can include a small or recessed chin (retrogenia), a prominent chin (prognathism), or a narrow or wide jaw.

Treatment for dentofacial deformities may involve orthodontic treatment, such as braces or aligners, to correct tooth alignment. In more severe cases, surgery may be required to reshape or reposition the facial bones. Early intervention and treatment can help prevent long-term complications and improve overall oral health and function.

The metatarsus is the region in the foot between the tarsal bones (which form the hindfoot and midfoot) and the phalanges (toes). It consists of five long bones called the metatarsals, which articulate with the tarsal bones proximally and the phalanges distally. The metatarsus plays a crucial role in weight-bearing, support, and propulsion during walking and running. Any abnormalities or injuries to this region may result in various foot conditions, such as metatarsalgia, Morton's neuroma, or hammertoes.

Biomechanics is the application of mechanical laws to living structures and systems, particularly in the field of medicine and healthcare. A biomechanical phenomenon refers to a observable event or occurrence that involves the interaction of biological tissues or systems with mechanical forces. These phenomena can be studied at various levels, from the molecular and cellular level to the tissue, organ, and whole-body level.

Examples of biomechanical phenomena include:

1. The way that bones and muscles work together to produce movement (known as joint kinematics).
2. The mechanical behavior of biological tissues such as bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments under various loads and stresses.
3. The response of cells and tissues to mechanical stimuli, such as the way that bone tissue adapts to changes in loading conditions (known as Wolff's law).
4. The biomechanics of injury and disease processes, such as the mechanisms of joint injury or the development of osteoarthritis.
5. The use of mechanical devices and interventions to treat medical conditions, such as orthopedic implants or assistive devices for mobility impairments.

Understanding biomechanical phenomena is essential for developing effective treatments and prevention strategies for a wide range of medical conditions, from musculoskeletal injuries to neurological disorders.

"Genu Varum" is a term used in orthopedics to describe a condition where the legs bow out at the knees, causing them to touch each other only at the ankles when standing with the feet and knees together. This is also commonly referred to as "bow-legged." It's important to note that this condition can be present from birth (congenital) or can develop later in life due to various reasons such as rickets, Blount's disease, or injuries. In some cases, it may require medical treatment to correct the alignment of the legs and prevent future complications.

In the field of dentistry, braces are devices used to align and straighten teeth and improve jaw position. They are typically made of metal or ceramic brackets that are bonded to the teeth, along with wires and rubber bands that apply pressure and move the teeth into proper alignment over time. The length of treatment with braces can vary but typically lasts from 1-3 years. Regular adjustments are necessary to ensure effective movement of the teeth.

The purpose of wearing braces is to correct malocclusions, such as overbites, underbites, crossbites, and open bites, as well as crowded or crooked teeth. This can lead to improved dental health, better oral function, and a more aesthetically pleasing smile. It's important to maintain good oral hygiene while wearing braces to prevent issues like tooth decay and gum disease. After the braces are removed, retainers may be used to maintain the new alignment of the teeth.

The lumbar vertebrae are the five largest and strongest vertebrae in the human spine, located in the lower back region. They are responsible for bearing most of the body's weight and providing stability during movement. The lumbar vertebrae have a characteristic shape, with a large body in the front, which serves as the main weight-bearing structure, and a bony ring in the back, formed by the pedicles, laminae, and processes. This ring encloses and protects the spinal cord and nerves. The lumbar vertebrae are numbered L1 to L5, starting from the uppermost one. They allow for flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation movements of the trunk.

Osteogenesis, distraction refers to a surgical procedure and controlled rehabilitation process used in orthopedic surgery, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and neurosurgery to lengthen bones or correct bone deformities. The term "osteogenesis" means bone formation, while "distraction" refers to the gradual separation of bone segments.

In this procedure, a surgeon first cuts the bone (osteotomy) and then applies an external or internal distraction device that slowly moves apart the cut ends of the bone. Over time, new bone forms in the gap between the separated bone segments through a process called distraction osteogenesis. This results in increased bone length or correction of deformities.

Distraction osteogenesis is often used to treat various conditions such as limb length discrepancies, craniofacial deformities, and spinal deformities. The procedure requires careful planning, precise surgical technique, and close postoperative management to ensure optimal outcomes.

A tendon transfer is a surgical procedure where a healthy tendon is moved to rebalance or reinforce a muscle that has become weak or paralyzed due to injury, disease, or nerve damage. The transferred tendon attaches to the bone in a new position, allowing it to power a different movement or stabilize a joint. This procedure helps restore function and improve mobility in the affected area.

Arthrogryposis is a medical term that describes a condition characterized by the presence of multiple joint contractures at birth. A contracture occurs when the range of motion in a joint is limited, making it difficult or impossible to move the joint through its full range of motion. In arthrogryposis, these contractures are present in two or more areas of the body.

The term "arthrogryposis" comes from two Greek words: "arthro," meaning joint, and "gyros," meaning curved or bent. Therefore, arthrogryposis literally means "curving of the joints."

There are many different types of arthrogryposis, each with its own specific set of symptoms and causes. However, in general, arthrogryposis is caused by decreased fetal movement during pregnancy, which can be due to a variety of factors such as genetic mutations, nervous system abnormalities, or environmental factors that restrict fetal movement.

Treatment for arthrogryposis typically involves a combination of physical therapy, bracing, and surgery to help improve joint mobility and function. The prognosis for individuals with arthrogryposis varies depending on the severity and type of contractures present, as well as the underlying cause of the condition.

Orthotic devices are custom-made or prefabricated appliances designed to align, support, prevent deformity, or improve the function of movable body parts. They are frequently used in the treatment of various musculoskeletal disorders, such as foot and ankle conditions, knee problems, spinal alignment issues, and hand or wrist ailments. These devices can be adjustable or non-adjustable and are typically made from materials like plastic, metal, leather, or fabric. They work by redistributing forces across joints, correcting alignment, preventing unwanted movements, or accommodating existing deformities. Examples of orthotic devices include ankle-foot orthoses, knee braces, back braces, wrist splints, and custom-made foot insoles.

Bone deformity - Cutting and realignment of pagetic bone (osteotomy) may help painful weight bearing joints, especially the ... The exact cause is unknown, although leading theories indicate both genetic and acquired factors (see Causes). Paget's disease ... Paget's may first be noticed as an increasing deformity of a person's bones. Paget's disease affecting the skull may cause ... These structural changes cause the bone to weaken, which may result in deformity, pain, fracture or arthritis of associated ...
... flexion joint and limb deformities, pterygia, short body height, and progressive kyphoscoliosis. Individuals encounter ... Many affected individuals are within the same family, and pedigree data supports that the disease is acquired through autosomal ... A reduction in bone mineral content and larger hydroxyapatite crystals are also detectable Joint contractures are primarily ... 1998). "Brack syndrome: a rare combination of bone fragility and multiple congenital joint contractures". Journal of Pediatric ...
Outcomes following a SDR can vary based on the number of nerves cut during surgery, joint deformities, muscle contractures, and ... Two common conditions associated with this lack of descending input are cerebral palsy and acquired brain injury. Selective ... best done in the youngest years before bone and joint deformities from the pull of spasticity take place. Still, it can be ... Fixed orthopaedic deformities of the legs caused by the previous years of intense spasticity are also not relieved by the SDR ...
On going up onto tip toe the deformity will correct when this is a flexible flat foot in a child with lax joints. Such ... Flat feet can also develop as an adult ("adult acquired flatfoot") due to injury, illness, unusual or prolonged stress to the ... and untreated can result in deformity and early onset of osteoarthritis of the joint. Such a condition can cause severe pain ... Flat feet, also called pes planus or fallen arches, is a postural deformity in which the arches of the foot collapse, with the ...
The Hospital for Joint Diseases opened as the Jewish Hospital for Deformities and Joint Diseases at 1919 Madison Avenue in 1906 ... 2014 after being acquired by Mount Sinai Hospital. NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, 301 East 17th Street, Manhattan. ... "New Hospital Opened - Deformities and Joint Diseases Healed Free at Enlarged Jewish Asylum". New York Times. November 5, 1906. ... Incorporated as the Jewish Hospital for Deformities and Joint Diseases on October 11, 1905 and opened on November 4, 1906 at ...
Hypoplastic joints and soft tissues that predispose the reconstructed finger to joint contracture, and angular deformities as ... Advantages: By combining two hypoplastic thumbs a sufficient thumb size is acquired. Furthermore, the IP and MCP joints are ... residual deformity, angulated growth, growth arrest, joint stiffness, and nail bed deformities. A 2014 study reported a 19% ... Nail deformity could also occur after reconstruction. Although the joints are stable, restriction of flexion may be possible. ...
No residual deformities were found and there is no recurrence once resolved. Residual deformity is defined as persistent ... However, more and more evidence which point towards an acquired cause have been found in recent studies. Therefore, the name ... Triggering, clicking or snapping is observed by flexion or extension of the interphalangeal joint (IPJ). In the furthest stage ... Some may even present with a fixed flexion deformity of the IPJ where no extension is possible.[citation needed] It is unclear ...
... and joint deformities. Paucibacillary leprosy (PB): Pale skin patch with loss of sensation Skin lesions on the thigh of a ... Medications can decrease the risk of those living with people who have leprosy from acquiring the disease and likely those with ... Thus, it is suspected that armadillos first acquired the organism incidentally from early American explorers. This incidental ...
... s acquired during this stage aids in the later advancement and understanding of subjects such as science and ... Specifically, single joint movements are fine motor movements and require fine motor skills. They involve smaller actions such ... Fine motor skills can become impaired due to injury, illness, stroke, congenital deformities, cerebral palsy, or developmental ... Problems with the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, muscles, or joints can also have an effect on fine motor skills, and ...
Acquired by Johnson & Johnson in 1998, its companies form part of the Johnson & Johnson Medical Devices group. DePuy develops ... The 2010 DePuy Hip Recall was issued after research released by the National Joint Registry (NJR) found high rates of hip ... DePuy Spine products facilitate fusion of the spine and correction of spinal deformities, preserving motion of the spine and ... In 2017, Codman Neurosurgery, part of Depuy Synthes, was acquired by medical device maker Integra LifeSciences for $1.045 ...
Other secondary changes such as loss of muscle fibres following acquired muscle weakness are likely to compound the weakness ... Both spasticity and contractures can cause joint subluxations or dislocations and severe gait difficulties. In the event of ... Hip dislocation and ankle equinus deformity are known to arise from muscle spasticity primarily. Orthopedic surgical ... Neglected or inappropriately treated spasticity can eventually lead to joint contractures. ...
"Congenital deformities and developmental abnormalities of the mandibular condyle in the temporomandibular joint". Congenital ... Acquired condylar hypoplasia happens when a person is not born with a small condyle but they sustain an injury during their ... "The Correction of Auricular and Mandibular Deformities in Auriculo-Condylar Syndrome". Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 16 (3 ...
Congenital and acquired deformities include adult acquired flatfoot, non-neuromuscular foot deformity, diabetic foot disorders ... of the ankle joint and the joints of the hindfoot (tarsals), midfoot (metatarsals) and forefoot (phalanges) also plays a rather ... A patient may also be referred to a foot and ankle surgeon for the surgical care of nail problems and phalangeal deformities ( ... The last 50 years has shown high quality research into the etiology and management of foot and ankle deformities. Several ...
... and progressively worse deformities/mis-alignments of bone structure around areas of the tightened musculature as the person's ... muscle/joint breakdown including tendinitis and arthritis, premature physical exhaustion (i.e., becoming physically exhausted ... it is almost always acquired shortly before or during a baby's birth process. Things like exposure to toxins, traumatic brain ...
Swollen joints limit movement, and arthritis may lead to limb deformities, ankylosis, malformed bones, flail joints, and stubby ... Because the native Amerindian population had no acquired immunity to this new disease, their peoples were decimated by ... Responding to international pressures, in 1991 the Soviet government allowed a joint U.S.-British inspection team to tour four ... In 2-5% of young children with smallpox, virions reach the joints and bone, causing osteomyelitis variolosa. Bony lesions are ...
... sesamoid bones are also common at the interphalangeal joint of the thumb (72.9%) and at the metacarpophalangeal joints of the ... Hominidae (great apes including humans) acquired an erect bipedal posture about 3.6 million years ago, which freed the hands ... exostoses of the forearm-also known as hereditary multiple osteochondromas-is another cause of hand and forearm deformity in ... sesamoid bones have been found in all the metacarpophalangeal joints and all distal interphalangeal joints except that of the ...
In unilateral dysplasia only one joint shows deformity, the opposite side may show resulting effects. In the majority of ... As an acquired condition it has been linked to traditions of swaddling infants, use of overly restrictive baby seats, carriers ... If the joint is fully dislocated a false acetabulum often forms (often higher up on the pelvis) opposite the dislocated femoral ... Traction is sometimes used in the weeks leading up to a surgery to help stretch ligaments in the hip joint, although its use is ...
PubMed] Smith-Petersen M. The Classic: Evolution of mould arthroplasty of the hip joint. 1948. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2006;453: ... The Classic: Osteotomy of the spine for correction of flexion deformity in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1969;66 ... skills and techniques he acquired from this association had a profound influence on his surgical career. He served in France ... 2008;466:104-112.[PMC free article] [PubMed] Books and journal publications lEvolution of Mould Arthroplasty of the Hip Joint ( ...
Congenital deformities are present at birth, and acquired deformities develop at some stage of the growing period. Acquired ... Conversely, when a joint is stretched quickly by high intensity short duration (HISD) some range of motion may be gained but ... The suspensory apparatus includes the suspensory ligament that extends down from the back of the knee to the fetlock joint, the ... Equine/Camelid and Small Animal Dynasplint Systems aids in treating congenital and acquired angular and flexural deformities. ...
Surgery may be needed for aesthetic or functional reasons (such as multiple fractures, deformity, and loss of function), or for ... Besides, the differential diagnosis includes acquired conditions that induce osteosclerosis such as osteosclerotic metastasis ... severe degenerative joint disease. The long-term-outlook for people with osteopetrosis depends on the subtype and the severity ... Additionally, there is the Erlenmeyer flask deformity type 2 which is characterized by the absence of normal diaphysial ...
... of the shoulder joint rests higher in the shoulder joint "socket" disrupting normal shoulder mechanics. Only tear size is an ... The development of these different acromial shapes is likely both genetic and acquired. In the latter case, there can be a ... The shoulder should also be examined for tenderness and deformity. Since pain arising from the neck is frequently 'referred' to ... secondary degenerative arthritis of the glenohumeral joint (the ball and socket joint of the shoulder), called cuff arthropathy ...
This can cause stiffening of the joints, deformities as well as crippling within cats. Vitamin E is a fat soluble vitamin that ... Alpha-linolenic acid can be acquired from oils and seeds. In kittens and juvenile felines, omega-3 fatty acids are very ...
... bone and joint deformities with limited range of motion can occur. Melioidosis is an understudied disease that remains endemic ... B. pseudomallei rarely acquires resistance when co-amoxiclav is used. The dosing regimen for co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim/ ... There are also several cases of hospital-acquired infection of melioidosis. Therefore, healthcare providers are recommended to ... Infant cases have been reported possibly due to mother-to-child transmission, community-acquired infection, or healthcare- ...
Untreated babies that survive the early phase may develop skeletal deformities including deformity of the nose, lower legs, ... By definition, it occurs in children at or greater than 2 years of age who acquired the infection trans-placentally. Symptoms ... There may be a perforated or high arched palate, and recurrent joint disease. Other late signs include linear perioral tears, ... Treatment cannot reverse any deformities, brain, or permanent tissue damage that has already occurred. A Cochrane review found ...
Synthes US acquired the business from the Straumann family in 1999, and the newly formed Synthes-Stratec company acquired the ... In March 2020, The AO Foundation announced an agreement with icotec ag for the joint development of a new spinal stabilization ... deformities, degeneration, tumor, and spinal cord injury AO CMF, the division specializing in craniomaxillofacial disorders, ... A Revolution in Fracture Care, 1950s-1990s". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume. 85 (3): 588. doi:10.2106/ ...
In long bones, chronic joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis are associated with angular deformity and flexion ... CT has several advantages including short acquisition time (compared to MRI), the ability to acquire volumetric and isotropic ... Fat pads should be carefully examined for convexity, which implies joint effusion (e.g., in the hip and elbow). However, the ... Sagittal T2-weighted fat-saturated image acquired the same day shows an area of hyperintensity spreading over the proximal ...
Bone deformities may also improve over time. Occasionally surgery may be performed to correct bone deformities. Genetic forms ... A condition known as rachitic rosary can result as the thickening caused by nodules forming on the costochondral joints. This ... Since these people acquire vitamin D through their diet, there is not a positive selective force to synthesize vitamin D from ... The deformity of a pigeon chest may result in the presence of Harrison's groove. Hypocalcemia, a low level of calcium in the ...
The man's joint deformity was visible in a close-up shot of his partner placing a ring onto his finger. A week later, on 7 ... In October 1987, Greater Manchester Police acquired a videotape, codenamed 'KL7', depicting consensual sadomasochistic sexual ... the Obscene Publications Squad attempted to identify one of the men by a distinctive joint deformity on the index finger of his ...
Manipulative procedures to the spine and extremity joints began to be practiced, especially in the British Commonwealth ... and deformities like scoliosis. This specialty of physical therapy is most often found in the outpatient clinical setting. ... or acquired disorders/diseases. Treatments focus mainly on improving gross and fine motor skills, balance and coordination, ... An update of the Bone and Joint Decade Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders by the OPTIMa collaboration". The ...
The NIH and Cyprium Therapeutics are coordinating the joint-development of an Adeno-Associated virus gene therapy named AAV- ... In March 2017, Cyprium Therapeutics acquired the World-Wide development and commercial rights to the Menkes program at NIH/ ... as well as deformities of the elbow, radial head dislocation, hammer-shaped lateral ends of the clavicles, and abnormalities of ... "double jointed" Inguinal hernias Twisting of blood vessels Bladder diverticula Dysautonomia-inability to regulate parts of the ...
"Joint Deformities, Acquired" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Joint Deformities, Acquired" was a ... Deformities acquired after birth as the result of injury or disease. The joint deformity is often associated with rheumatoid ... "Joint Deformities, Acquired" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ( ... Joint Deformities, Acquired*Joint Deformities, Acquired. *Acquired Joint Deformities. *Acquired Joint Deformity ...
"Joint Deformities, Acquired" by people in this website by year, and whether "Joint Deformities, Acquired" was a major or minor ... Deformities acquired after birth as the result of injury or disease. The joint deformity is often associated with rheumatoid ... "Joint Deformities, Acquired" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ( ... Joint Deformities, Acquired*Joint Deformities, Acquired. *Acquired Joint Deformities. *Acquired Joint Deformity ...
Joint Deformities, Acquired / complications * Joint Deformities, Acquired / rehabilitation* * Middle Aged * Orthotic Devices* ... the effect of wearing a lateral wedged insole with a subtalar strap for 2 years in patients with osteoarthritis varus deformity ... efficacy of lateral wedged insoles with subtalar strapping and in-shoe lateral wedged insoles in patients with varus deformity ...
Information about the SNOMED CT code 125584006 representing Acquired deformity of lower limb. ... Acquired deformity of hip region 1156015005. *Acquired deformity of joint of lower limb 240240002 ... Acquired deformity of limb 17230005. Acquired deformity of lower limb 125584006. SNOMED CT Concept 138875005. Clinical finding ... Deformity of lower limb 449715001. Acquired deformity of lower limb 125584006. ancestors. sorted most to least specific ...
Information about the SNOMED CT code 299418001 representing Ankle joint deformity. ... Acquired valgus deformity of left ankle 323401000119101. *Ankle joint fixed flexion deformity 299419009 ... Deformity 417893002. Joint deformity 250087009. Ankle joint deformity 299418001. SNOMED CT Concept 138875005. Clinical finding ... Disorder of joint region 785875003. Disorder of ankle 128138008. Disorder of ankle joint 428776005. Ankle joint deformity ...
Bone deformity - Cutting and realignment of pagetic bone (osteotomy) may help painful weight bearing joints, especially the ... The exact cause is unknown, although leading theories indicate both genetic and acquired factors (see Causes). Pagets disease ... Pagets may first be noticed as an increasing deformity of a persons bones. Pagets disease affecting the skull may cause ... These structural changes cause the bone to weaken, which may result in deformity, pain, fracture or arthritis of associated ...
Acquired hallux varus: a preventable and correctable disorder. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1975 Mar. 57 (2):183-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link ... Extensor hallucis longus transfer for hallux varus deformity. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984 Jun. 66 (5):681-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link] ... Correction of Hallux Valgus Deformity in Association With Underlying Metatarsus Adductus Deformity. Foot Ankle Spec. 2017 Dec. ... in addition to excessive resection of the medial eminence and fixed deformity of the MTP joint. ...
... congenital and acquired diseases, spinal deformities, and increased body temperature in a sick child. ... the child extends his legs in the hip joint and kneels, the hip joint is on the same plane (vertical) with the knee joint. ... The arms are parallel, the shoulder joint is above the elbow, the angle of flexion in the elbow joints is 90 °, the forearms ... Lowers the hand down through flexion in the elbow joint, adduction and internal rotation in the shoulder joint, extension in ...
Joint Deformities, Acquired Joint Deformity, Acquired use Joint Deformities, Acquired Joint Disc, Temporomandibular use ... Joint Capsules use Joint Capsule Joint Commission of Accreditation, Health Care Organizations use Joint Commission on ... Joint Venture, Hospital Physician use Hospital-Physician Joint Ventures Joint Venture, Hospital-Physician use Hospital- ... Joint Ventures, Hospital Physician use Hospital-Physician Joint Ventures Joint Ventures, Hospital-Physician use Hospital- ...
The joint of the toe that is closest to the ankle is bent upward, and the other joints are bent downward. The toe looks like a ... The joint of the toe that is closest to the ankle is bent upward, and the other joints are bent downward. The toe looks like a ... Claw foot is a deformity of the foot. ... Claw foot is a deformity of the foot. ... Claw foot is a deformity of the foot. The joint of the toe that is closest to the ankle is bent upward, and the other joints ...
Symptoms of unspecified joints serological or viral culture findings for 1975.0 Musculoskeletal deformities human ... Acquired immuno- 1955.0 Wrist symptoms deficiency syndrom AIDS 1960.0 Hand and finger symptoms AIDS-like syndrome AIDS-related ... Temperomandibular joint (TMJ) Vulvitis pain Polycystic ovaries Temperomandibular joint (TMJ) Cystocele syndrome Rectocele ... Joint manipulation Postop pain Tattoo removal Postop suture removal 4520.1 Wart removed Check surgical wound 4525.0 Kidney ...
... flexure deformities continue to be seen at an alarmingly high rate. Flexure deformities have been traditionally referred to as ... and the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP). Flexure deformities can be divided into congenital or acquired deformities. ... Acquired Flexure Deformities. Acquired flexure deformities usually develop between two and six months of age. The cause of this ... Congenital flexure deformities are characterized by abnormal flexion with the inability to extend the joints of the distal limb ...
Joint Deformities, Acquired Joint Deformity, Acquired use Joint Deformities, Acquired Joint Disc, Temporomandibular use ... Joint Capsules use Joint Capsule Joint Commission of Accreditation, Health Care Organizations use Joint Commission on ... Joint Venture, Hospital Physician use Hospital-Physician Joint Ventures Joint Venture, Hospital-Physician use Hospital- ... Joint Ventures, Hospital Physician use Hospital-Physician Joint Ventures Joint Ventures, Hospital-Physician use Hospital- ...
Joint Deformities, Acquired Joint Deformity, Acquired use Joint Deformities, Acquired Joint Disc, Temporomandibular use ... Joint Capsules use Joint Capsule Joint Commission of Accreditation, Health Care Organizations use Joint Commission on ... Joint Venture, Hospital Physician use Hospital-Physician Joint Ventures Joint Venture, Hospital-Physician use Hospital- ... Joint Ventures, Hospital Physician use Hospital-Physician Joint Ventures Joint Ventures, Hospital-Physician use Hospital- ...
Joint Deformities, Acquired Joint Deformity, Acquired use Joint Deformities, Acquired Joint Disc, Temporomandibular use ... Joint Capsules use Joint Capsule Joint Commission of Accreditation, Health Care Organizations use Joint Commission on ... Joint Venture, Hospital Physician use Hospital-Physician Joint Ventures Joint Venture, Hospital-Physician use Hospital- ... Joint Ventures, Hospital Physician use Hospital-Physician Joint Ventures Joint Ventures, Hospital-Physician use Hospital- ...
Joint Deformities, Acquired Joint Deformity, Acquired use Joint Deformities, Acquired Joint Disc, Temporomandibular use ... Joint Capsules use Joint Capsule Joint Commission of Accreditation, Health Care Organizations use Joint Commission on ... Joint Venture, Hospital Physician use Hospital-Physician Joint Ventures Joint Venture, Hospital-Physician use Hospital- ... Joint Ventures, Hospital Physician use Hospital-Physician Joint Ventures Joint Ventures, Hospital-Physician use Hospital- ...
Joint Disorders (Arthropathic Disorders), Joint Health Challenges, and Arthropathies are the collective terms for any joint ... Acquired Joint Deformities *Joint Dislocations *Joint Instability *Joint Loose Bodies *Metatarsalgia *Nail-Patella Syndrome * ... "Joint Diseases, Disorders, and Health Challenges" Arthropathies (Joint Diseases). In our bodys joints, Joint Disorders (Joint ... In our bodys joints, the joint dis-order, Hemarthrosis is a bleeding (hemorrhaging) into the joints (articulations). ...
This can lead to instability, deformity of the foot and degenerative changes in the surrounding joints in the form of ... One of the most common causes of adult-acquired flat feet is posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD), explains Rebeca Gomez ... which will avoid suddenly putting excessive pressure on your joints and soft tissues, including the soft tissues in the feet. ...
JointDeformities,Acquired;KneeJoint;Male;MuscleSpasticity;OrthopedicProcedures;PredictiveValueofTests;Probability;RangeMotion, ... Arthrodesis;BoneScrews;CerebralPalsy;Child;Female;FootDeformities,Acquired;FractureFixation,Internal;Humans;Male; ... AchillesTendon;AnkleJoint;CerebralPalsy;Child;Fascia;Gait;Humans;Muscle,Skeletal;RangeofMotion,Articular;SurgicalProcedures, ... Adolescent;AnkleJoint;Arthrodesis;Biomechanics;CerebralPalsy;Child;Child,Preschool;Follow-UpStudies;Gait;HipHumans;Knee ...
... which causes joint deformities, such as bunions, claw toes, finger angulation, and flat feet to arise.● Flexibility. A joints ... Common symptoms of adult-acquired flatfoot deformity include:● Pain and/or swelling. As a result of inflammation of the nerve ... Adult-acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) is a painful, progressive condition that occurs when the soft tissues of the foot are ... Common risk factors associated with adult-acquired flatfoot deformity include:● Age. The risk of developing the condition ...
... adult-acquired flatfoot deformity encompasses a wide range of deformities. These deformities vary in location, severity, and ... With increased deformity or arthritic changes in the first MTP joint, this joint cannot be fully reduced. Patients may also ... Prolonged deformity causes irritation to the involved joints resulting in arthritis. The fourth phase is a flatfoot deformity ... and joint fusions. (See surgical correction of adult acquired flatfoot). Patients with adult acquired flatfoot are advised to ...
Find the best doctors for Childhood Joints Deformity in Sahiwal. Book in-person or online video appointments with the help of ... They can be congenital, developmental or acquired, including those of infectious, neuromuscular, nutritional, neoplastic and ... Who is the best doctor for childhood joints deformity in Sahiwal?. 7 best doctors for childhood joints deformity in Sahiwal are ... What is Childhood Joints Deformity?. Orthopaedic problems in children are common. They can be congenital, developmental or ...
In this situation, the joint can be pushed straight but will not hold that position on its own. ... Mallet finger refers to a condition in which the end joint of a finger bends but will not straighten by itself. ... Acquired deformity of distal interphalangeal joint of finger due to trauma; Acquired deformity of finger due to trauma; ... Acquired deformity of finger due to trauma (64298006); Acquired deformity of distal interphalangeal joint of finger due to ...
Management of acquired flexural deformity of the metacarpophalangeal joint in Equidea. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1985;187 (9):915-918. ... Adams S, Santschi E. Management of congenital and acquired flexural limb deformities. In Proceedings. Am Assoc Equine Pract ... Flexural limb deformity in foals. In: Ross MW, Dyson SJ, eds. Diagnosis and management of lameness in the horse. St. Louis: ... Cases that exhibit the most extreme form of the deformity stand with the feet well in front of the body and exhibit full range ...
Severe rheumatoid arthritis causes marked edema and congestion, spindle-shaped joints, and severe flexion deformities. ... Vitiligo (a benign, acquired skin disease) is marked by stark white skin patches that are caused by the destruction and loss of ... the therapist moves the patients joints through as full a range of motion as possible to improve or maintain joint mobility ... A patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome should advise his sexual partners of his human immunodeficiency virus status ...
... such as acquired adult flatfoot deformity, where there is arthritis or stiffness in the involved joints. This type of procedure ... Triple arthrodesis is indicated for patients who have a deformity of the hindfoot, ... Triple arthrodesis is indicated for patients who have a deformity of the hindfoot, such as acquired adult flatfoot deformity, ... This surgical procedure involves the fusion of three joints: the talonavicular joint, the subtalar joint, and the calcaneal- ...
... rotation and deformity of the forefoot, tightening of the heel cord, development of arthritis, and deformity of the ankle joint ... Acquired adult flatfoot deformity (AAFD) is a progressive flattening of the arch of the foot that occurs as the posterior ... Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is the most common cause of acquired adult flatfoot deformity. There is often no specific ... In addition to tendons running across the ankle and foot joints, a number of ligaments span and stabilize these joints. The ...
The treatment of acquired or congenital deformities, osteoarthritis, fracture mishaps or soft joint injuries are still ... Introduction of treatment of stiffened joints (especially knees and elbows).. Surgical correction of axial deformities of the ... Claude Müller, numerous children and adults with congenital and acquired deformities have been successfully treated and ... Since mobility and walking upright are among our primary basic needs in everyday life, problems and deformities of the lower ...
... to physical therapists and prosthetics/orthotics specialists are often required to prevent and treat joint deformities. ... Compared with acquired neuropathies, CMT1 is typically associated with diffuse and uniform conduction slowing. Nerve conduction ... Foot deformities include pes cavus, high arches or flat feet, hammertoes, and shortened Achilles tendons. Such deformities ... Orthopedic surgeons also play a role in the treatment of secondary joint problems at more proximal sites and in the evaluation ...
Adult Acquired Flatfoot is a condition that affects the arch of the foot, causing it to flatten out. It occurs when the tendon ... Aug 22, 2023 , Bunion Deformity, Foot Conditions. A bunion, medically known as "hallux valgus," is a deformity of the joint at ... The Ultimate Guide to Adult Acquired Flatfoot: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options. Jul 21, 2023 , Adult Acquired Flatfoot ... Adult Acquired Flatfoot is a condition that affects the arch of the foot, causing it to flatten out. It occurs when the tendon ...
  • And, on other occasions the flat foot deformity can cause pain on the outside of the ankle due to impingement of the heel bone and the fibula which can cause damage to the peroneal tendons in that area. (melecafootandankle.com)
  • Physical examination reveals a rigid flat foot deformity with tenderness along the posterior tibial tendon and pain with subtalar motion. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
  • Treatment largely depends on whether the flat foot deformity is rigid or flexible. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
  • Patients with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction, a flat foot deformity, and a flexible hindfoot are candidates for tendon transfers, including posterior tibial tendon debridement and flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendon transfer or FDL tendon transfer to the navicular, spring ligament repair, calcaneal osteotomy, and Achilles lengthening. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
  • Flexure deformities have been traditionally referred to as "contracted tendons. (americanfarriers.com)
  • Since tendons lack the ability to contract, the primary defect is a shortening of the musculotendinous unit rather than a shortening of just the tendon portion, making the descriptive term "flexure deformity" the preferred one. (americanfarriers.com)
  • From athlete's foot to reconstructive surgery, you can trust the Kayal team to provide an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment for the full spectrum of ailments that can affect the intricate and complex structures of the foot bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, tendons, and nerve endings. (kayalortho.com)
  • When the first and second joints of your toes experience the prolonged stress that develops when the muscles that control them fail to work together properly, the pressure on the tendons that support them can lead to the curling or contraction known as hammertoe. (rakuten.co.jp)
  • The type of surgery performed will depend on the problem with your toes and may involve releasing or lengthening tendons, putting joints back into place, straightening a toe and changing the shape of a bone.Your surgeon may fix the toes in place with wires or tiny screws. (rakuten.co.jp)
  • In addition to tendons running across the ankle and foot joints, a number of ligaments span and stabilize these joints. (doctorputnam.com)
  • In some cases, AAF can be caused by underlying conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, which can damage the joints and tendons in the foot and ankle. (melecafootandankle.com)
  • In the adult acquired flatfoot, pain occurs because soft tissues (tendons and ligaments) have been torn. (lifamilyfootcare.com)
  • Your feet are advanced structures of 26 bones, 33 joints, and over 100 muscle groups, ligaments, and tendons, and they do the job hard to support your body every single day. (ibsenmartinez.com)
  • Also known as "Lax tendons", this limb deformity is common in newborn/post-mature foals and, in these cases, it can resolve on its own in the first days of life as the animal grows with the help of therapy and exercise. (animalosteopathycollege.com)
  • The shoulder joint is considered to be the least secure joint of a bony nature, but the presence of ligaments, muscles and tendons provides additional stability. (ortoped.bg)
  • Altered bone density and stress distribution patterns in long-standing cubitus varus deformity and their effect during early osteoarthritis of the elbow. (harvard.edu)
  • This study was conducted in order to assess the effect of wearing a lateral wedged insole with a subtalar strap for 2 years in patients with osteoarthritis varus deformity of the knee (knee OA). (nih.gov)
  • The treatment of acquired or congenital deformities, osteoarthritis, fracture mishaps or soft joint injuries are still considered "affluent medicine" in some cases. (leonardo-ortho.ch)
  • Small Joint Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that affects the small joints of the hands, wrists, or feet. (limbhealing.com)
  • In Osteoarthritis, the protective cartilage on the end of the bones gradually breaks down causing pain, stiffness, deformity and reduced function. (limbhealing.com)
  • The exact causes are not known, but several factors may increase the risk of developing small joint osteoarthritis, such as family history (but no specific gene has been identified thus far), joint injuries (especially at the base of thumbs and big toes), joint overuse (especially for hands and fingers joints), systemic inflammatory disease, and obesity. (limbhealing.com)
  • Small joint osteoarthritis may also manifest in joints that are already affected by pre-existing conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or gout. (limbhealing.com)
  • In some cases, changes in cartilage occurring with osteoarthritis may encourage the formation of crystals within the affected small joint, such as sodium urate or calcium pyrophosphate crystals, which may cause sudden aching pain and swelling. (limbhealing.com)
  • Being a long-term condition, small joint osteoarthritis cannot be definitively cured, but it can gradually improve. (limbhealing.com)
  • Osteoarthritis (or OA) occurs when the joints that connect our bones begin to break down. (theadvancedspinecenter.com)
  • Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that can lead to pain, stiffness and restricted movement. (kieser.ch)
  • At the beginning of osteoarthritis, the first signs may appear, such as mild joint pain, stiffness after rest or a grinding sensation in the joint. (kieser.ch)
  • These assess joint alignment and osteoarthritis. (weebly.com)
  • Degenerative joint disease, also called joint degeneration , is another term for osteoarthritis. (anthrodesk.ca)
  • According to Medicine.net , Osteoarthritis, or degenerative joint disease, is mainly caused by inflammation. (anthrodesk.ca)
  • Osteoarthritis is a progressive form of arthritis characterized by the breakdown of the cartilage in joints. (anthrodesk.ca)
  • Osteoarthritis (OA), also known as degenerative joint disease and "wear and tear" arthritis, causes pain in the joints with activity. (anthrodesk.ca)
  • Osteoarthritis is common in people over 60 years of age, but it can affect younger people, particularly where they have had a joint injury or joint surgery. (anthrodesk.ca)
  • Osteoarthritis symptoms can usually be managed, although the damage to joints can't be reversed. (anthrodesk.ca)
  • But besides the breakdown of cartilage, Osteoarthritis affects the entire joint. (anthrodesk.ca)
  • Osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease often happens when the cartilage that holds the ends of the bones in the joints start to deteriorate. (anthrodesk.ca)
  • Often, varus tends to be more destructive to the joints than valgus, and the horse with these deformities are more likely to suffer osteoarthritis in contiguous joints given that they compensate for the deformed joint. (animalosteopathycollege.com)
  • For the hip, osteoarthritis is the most common underlying cause of joint deterioration, but inflammatory arthritic conditions, congenital or developmental defects or disorders, trauma, cancers, and osteonecrosis are also conditions that cause joint deterioration requiring THA. (cadth.ca)
  • This causes the flexor muscles above the tendon to contract, leading to altered positions of the distal joint. (americanfarriers.com)
  • Triple arthrodesis is indicated for patients who have a deformity of the hindfoot, such as acquired adult flatfoot deformity , where there is arthritis or stiffness in the involved joints. (footeducation.com)
  • Acquired adult flatfoot deformity (AAFD) is a progressive flattening of the arch of the foot that occurs as the posterior tibial tendon becomes insufficient. (doctorputnam.com)
  • Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is the most common cause of acquired adult flatfoot deformity. (doctorputnam.com)
  • Adult Acquired Flatfoot is a condition that affects the arch of the foot, causing it to flatten out. (melecafootandankle.com)
  • Adult Acquired Flatfoot is a common condition that can cause significant pain and disability. (melecafootandankle.com)
  • Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is one of several terms to describe a painful, progressive flatfoot deformity in adults. (lifamilyfootcare.com)
  • Other terms include posterior tibial tendon insufficiency and adult acquired flatfoot. (lifamilyfootcare.com)
  • The term adult acquired flatfoot is more appropriate because it allows a broader recognition of causative factors, not only limited to the posterior tibial tendon, an event where the posterior tibial tendon looses strength and function. (lifamilyfootcare.com)
  • The adult acquired flatfoot is a progressive, symptomatic (painful) deformity resulting from gradual stretch (attenuation) of the tibialis posterior tendon as well as the ligaments that support the arch of the foot. (lifamilyfootcare.com)
  • The painful, progressive adult acquired flatfoot affects women four times as frequently as men. (lifamilyfootcare.com)
  • Contributing factors increasing the risk of adult acquired flatfoot are diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. (lifamilyfootcare.com)
  • The adult acquired flatfoot, secondary to posterior tibial tendon dysfunction, is diagnosed in a number of ways with no single test proven to be totally reliable. (lifamilyfootcare.com)
  • X-rays can be helpful but are not diagnostic of the adult acquired flatfoot. (lifamilyfootcare.com)
  • Both feet - the symptomatic and asymptomatic - will demonstrate a flatfoot deformity on x-ray. (lifamilyfootcare.com)
  • Adult acquired flatfoot symptoms vary, but can swelling of the foot's inner side and aching heel and arch pain. (weebly.com)
  • A rigid flatfoot deformity cannot be corrected passively beyond neutral, which is a distinguishable feature from a flexible deformity. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
  • Approach and treatment of the adult acquired flatfoot deformity. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
  • Adult-acquired flatfoot deformity: etiology, diagnosis, and management. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
  • Besides the flatfoot, other deformities occur most frequently on the forefoot. (halluxvalgus.at)
  • Acquired flatfoot due to a tendon tear at the posterior calf muscle (tibialis posterior), which is extremely essential for maintaining the arch. (halluxvalgus.at)
  • These structural changes cause the bone to weaken, which may result in deformity, pain, fracture or arthritis of associated joints. (wikipedia.org)
  • of old healed fracture deformity of the fifth metatarsal with mild offset of the distal fragment, alignment is unchanged compared to the prior study. (foot-pain-explained.com)
  • In our body, the connective tissue dis-ease, Hereditary-Oosteo-Onycho-Dysostosis (Nail-Patella Syndrome) is an inborn genetic dis-order with nail and bone abnormalities, characterized by dystrophic nails , knee deformities , deformities of elbows, renal dysplasia and pathognomonic iliac horns, which develop on posterolateral aspect of the ilium, linked to defects on chromosome 9q34 ( LMX1B gene ). (wellnessadvantage.com)
  • Orthotic insoles provide cushioning and some shock absorption function, and can also reduce the possibility of problems with other joints such as the ankle, knee, hip, and lumbar spine. (yoursoleinsole.com)
  • Complex deformities around the knee joint are usually severe and have several aetiologies. (researchgate.net)
  • Fetlock Valgus or Toe Out: most times this limb deformity is associated with knee abnormal rotation. (animalosteopathycollege.com)
  • Total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are major orthopedic procedures that can improve function and mobility and relieve pain and deformity associated with joint deterioration in appropriately selected patients. (cadth.ca)
  • Using concepts he had published on an operation for stiffening the knee joint, Hibbs realized the same could be done for the articulating joints of the spine. (srs.org)
  • The usual symptoms encountered with hallux varus include deformity, pain, decreased range of motion (ROM), instability, clawing of the great toe, weakness with pushoff, and problems with shoe wear. (medscape.com)
  • Weightbearing radiographs of both feet, including anteroposterior, lateral, and sesamoid views, help clinicians to assess the degree of varus, the intermetatarsal (IM) and IP angles, the position of the sesamoids relative to the metatarsal head, and any degenerative changes in the MTP or IP joints. (medscape.com)
  • Relative contraindications for tendon transfer reconstruction for hallux varus include, but are not limited to, degenerative arthrosis, inflammatory arthritides, active infection, peripheral neuropathy, and vascular compromise, in addition to excessive resection of the medial eminence and fixed deformity of the MTP joint. (medscape.com)
  • Congenital hallux varus may be divided into primary and secondary pathologic deformities. (medscape.com)
  • Acquired adult hallux varus is described in inflammatory arthropathies, including rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis . (medscape.com)
  • The imbalance leads to varus deformity and subsequent contracture of the medial capsule, decrease of the IM angle, and medial subluxation of the flexor and extensor mechanisms. (medscape.com)
  • Shoe wear tends to correct the varus deformity rather than exacerbate it, as it does for hallux valgus. (medscape.com)
  • Contrary to valgus, the term "Varus" refers to an inward deviation of a joint or limb. (animalosteopathycollege.com)
  • Carpal Varus or Bow Legs: in this type of deformity, the leg is angled inwards from the carpus, forming a "bow" shape in the front legs. (animalosteopathycollege.com)
  • This is how its known the classic combination of limb deformities in post-mature foals: carpal valgus and varus in the front limbs and/or tarsal valgus and varus. (animalosteopathycollege.com)
  • The treatment of hallux valgus deformity includes the assessment of the hallux valgus angle, the intermetatarsal angle and the contribution of an interphalageus deformity. (drzeetser.com)
  • A possible cause of this valgus deformity after tibia injury is overgrowth of the tibia with tethering by the fibula. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For this reason, it's vital for any horse caretaker, physician or owner to know about limb deformities that might affect their horses, before the problem becomes difficult to manage and the horse develops arthritis, laminitis, instability, and lameness. (animalosteopathycollege.com)
  • Most of the angular limb deformities horses suffer tend to slip under the radar, given that the images and texts that describe them show them often in the most exaggerated form. (animalosteopathycollege.com)
  • To learn how to differentiate between the known angular limb deformities, check the list below. (animalosteopathycollege.com)
  • Once all the joints have been prepared and the bone graft has been placed, the hindfoot position is corrected to a neutral position. (footeducation.com)
  • This problem may progress from early stages with pain along the posterior tibial tendon to advanced deformity and arthritis throughout the hindfoot and ankle. (doctorputnam.com)
  • Patients often experience pain and/or deformity at the ankle or hindfoot. (doctorputnam.com)
  • The location of pain, shape of the foot, flexibility of the hindfoot joints and gait all may help your physician make the diagnosis and also assess how advanced the problem is. (doctorputnam.com)
  • The MRI is used to check the tendon, surrounding ligament structures and the midfoot and hindfoot joints. (weebly.com)
  • The rigidity of the talonavicular, subtalar, and calcaneocuboid joints leads to fixed hindfoot valgus and midfoot abduction. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
  • Patients with rigid hindfoot valgus and forefoot abduction deformities require a fusion procedure, most commonly a triple arthrodesis. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
  • 4 Examples of other, less common, delayed post-operative complications associated with pain in the prosthetic joint include component failure, instability, osteolysis, heterotrophic ossification, and soft tissue syndromes. (cadth.ca)
  • As the tendon progressively fails, deformity of the foot and ankle may occur. (doctorputnam.com)
  • Specific complications of pectus deformity repair may be divided into (1) acute life-threatening conditions resulting from injury to the heart and great vessels and (2) residual/recurrent deformities caused by inadequate surgical repair. (sts.org)
  • These complications ranged from support-rod dislodgement to acquired restrictive thoracic dystrophy and, last but not least, true recurrence of the previously existing anomaly. (sts.org)
  • Postoperative complications that are not specific to pectus deformity repair, such as incisional site infections, are not included in this chapter. (sts.org)
  • Complications occurring after pectus deformity repair can be classified as shown in Box 1. (sts.org)
  • Robicsek F, Madjarov J. Complications of Pectus Deformity Repair. (sts.org)
  • As with any major surgery, there is a risk of complications with joint arthroplasty. (cadth.ca)
  • 2,3 Post-operative complications of joint arthroplasty can be categorized as early or delayed. (cadth.ca)
  • 4 Aseptic loosening of the prosthetic joint and infection are the two most frequently encountered delayed complications, and may be suspected when a patient complains of pain in a previously healed prosthetic joint. (cadth.ca)
  • Pre-existing conditions, such as predisposition to keloid formation, scoliosis, and congenital cardiac or pulmonary abnormalities, as well as a detailed family history together with genetic counseling, should be carefully evaluated before surgical correction of pectus deformities. (sts.org)
  • Radiographic Prevalence of Sacroiliac Joint Abnormalities and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome. (rush.edu)
  • Congenital flexure deformities are characterized by abnormal flexion with the inability to extend the joints of the distal limb which are present at birth. (americanfarriers.com)
  • The shoulder joint is the most mobile joint in the human body with a wide range of motion including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, external rotation, internal rotation and a range of motion of 360 degrees. (ortoped.bg)
  • This deformity can include progressive flattening of the arch, shifting of the heel so that it no longer is aligned underneath the rest of the leg, rotation and deformity of the forefoot, tightening of the heel cord, development of arthritis, and deformity of the ankle joint. (doctorputnam.com)
  • On exam of a rigid deformity forefoot pronation cannot be corrected passively with the heel in valgus. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
  • The joint deformity is often associated with rheumatoid arthritis and leprosy. (harvard.edu)
  • In our body's joints , Joint Disorders (Joint Dis-eases) are arthropathies and when involving inflammation of one joint (monoarticular) or more the one joint (polyarticular) the dis-order is called an arthritis. (wellnessadvantage.com)
  • Arthritis in a toe joint can lead to hammertoe. (rakuten.co.jp)
  • If the deformed toe is very painful, your doctor may recommend that you have a fluid sample withdrawn from the joint with a needle so the fluid can be checked for signs of infection or gout (arthritis from crystal deposits). (rakuten.co.jp)
  • However, if there is enough arthritis or dysfunction in the involved joints where preservation is improbable, then a triple arthrodesis may be effective. (footeducation.com)
  • Treatment depends very much upon a patient's symptoms, functional goals, degree and specifics of deformity, and the presence of arthritis. (doctorputnam.com)
  • Later stage disease with either a rigidly fixed deformity or with arthritis is often treated with fusion procedures. (doctorputnam.com)
  • Clinical examination is important to assess the stiffness of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) and interphalangeal (IP) joints. (medscape.com)
  • The main symptoms are joint aching pain and stiffness, and reduced joint range of motion. (limbhealing.com)
  • Stiffness after rest may last longer and the mobility of the joint may be limited. (kieser.ch)
  • The inflammation can become chronic, leading to permanent swelling and joint stiffness and forcing you into immobility. (kieser.ch)
  • Individuals who have degenerative joint disease usually experience pain, swollen joints, and joint stiffness. (anthrodesk.ca)
  • arthrodesis (fusing the bones of the affected joint together, creating a pain free knuckle but sacrificing flexibility) or arthroplasty (removing the damaged joint and replacing it with an artificial implant). (limbhealing.com)
  • The choice between arthrodesis or arthroplasty depends on the severity of joint disease, the patient's age, type and level of activity. (limbhealing.com)
  • 1 Joint arthroplasty involves removing the damaged or diseased joint and replacing it with a prosthetic joint. (cadth.ca)
  • The Impact of Race and Socioeconomic Status on Total Joint Arthroplasty Care. (rush.edu)
  • however after surgery, the movement below the ankle joint dissipates and goes through the ankle joint itself, meaning more force is applied in that area. (footeducation.com)
  • The deformity can progress until the foot literally dislocates outward from under the ankle joint. (lifamilyfootcare.com)
  • Deformities acquired after birth as the result of injury or disease. (harvard.edu)
  • Paget's disease of bone (commonly known as Paget's disease or, historically, osteitis deformans) is a condition involving cellular remodeling and deformity of one or more bones. (wikipedia.org)
  • Also known as degenerative joint disease, OA affects the cartilage that lines your joints. (theadvancedspinecenter.com)
  • If there is a joint disease, limited mobility, and deformity that cannot restore, it is called rigid flat feet. (yoursoleinsole.com)
  • Are There Ways to Prevent Degenerative Joint Disease? (anthrodesk.ca)
  • One common health issue that people are experiencing is degenerative joint disease. (anthrodesk.ca)
  • What is Degenerative Joint Disease? (anthrodesk.ca)
  • Symptoms of Degenerative Joint Disease? (anthrodesk.ca)
  • [1] However, surgical treatment of this deformity became popular only after Ravitch in 1949 and our group in the 1960s recognized the pathophysiologic features of this disease and laid down the basic principles of surgical correction. (sts.org)
  • Risk factors associated with severe disease included age, time period (range of years of diagnosis), and location of lesions over a joint. (cdc.gov)
  • More severe disease has major implications for patients in terms of increased illness and long-term deformities, more complicated and prolonged treatments, and increased treatment costs ( 3 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Double Oblique Osteotomy: A Technique for Correction of Posttraumatic Deformities of the Distal Femur. (harvard.edu)
  • The Agile Nail is intended for insertion in the medullary canal of a femur for the alignment and the stabilization of fractures and for the correction of deformities. (limbhealing.com)
  • Surgical experience and familiarity with different techniques should allow adequate correction of deformities at any age, even in cases in which there is no functional impairment, but repair is done in order to prevent future psychological distress. (sts.org)
  • On the right, the correction using cheilectomy at the big toe joint, which was now much more flexible, cartilage-sparing shortening of the metatarsal II, III and IV. (halluxvalgus.at)
  • Daniel Hueskes and his son Benjamin, also an orthopaedic technician, who was involved at an early stage, quickly realised that many of the deformities presented could not be satisfactorily treated with orthopaedic measures alone. (leonardo-ortho.ch)
  • He take a keen interest in correctly diagnosing and treating sports and degenerative bone and joint disorders, so as to allow his patients to regain their normal functional selves through affordable quality specialist orthopaedic care. (vigne.com.sg)
  • Acquired Blue Belt Technologies, securing a leading position in orthopaedic robotics-assisted surgery. (smith-nephew.com)
  • The mechanism of such arthropathies combines destruction of the articular surfaces by pannus, intrinsic muscular contracture, and distention of the joint capsule with subsequent laxity of the collateral ligaments. (medscape.com)
  • This can mean the calf muscles take extra pressure, which can have a knock-on effect on the ligaments that join your knees to your hips, causing pain in these joints. (dailymail.co.uk)
  • The deformity progresses or worsens because once the vital ligaments and posterior tibial tendon are lost, nothing can take their place to hold up the arch of the foot. (lifamilyfootcare.com)
  • Glenohumeral Ligaments: A group of 3 ligaments that form a capsule around the shoulder joint and connect the humeral head to the glenoid. (ortoped.bg)
  • Adult acquired flat foot was first described in the late 1960s as something that occurred after trauma, as a result of a tear to the tibial posterior tendon. (weebly.com)
  • They referred to the condition as "tibial posterior tendon dysfunction" and this became known as the most common type of adult acquired flat foot. (weebly.com)
  • However, tibial angular deformities, especially distal tibial fractures, are less favorable injuries with regard to remodeling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cozen investigated valgus deformities after proximal tibial fractures in children [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, prior studies have not investigated residual deformities or the factors that may influence them after distal tibial diaphyseal fractures. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Typically, the joint is then packed with bone graft from other bones, such as the proximal tibia or the iliac crest (located at the top of the pelvic bone). (footeducation.com)
  • When your joints lack sufficient cartilage to prevent friction, your body responds by producing bone spurs. (theadvancedspinecenter.com)
  • While a healthy bone is covered with a protective layer of cartilage at the end of the joint, this is absent or only rudimentary when the tissue undergoes pathological changes. (kieser.ch)
  • Bone joint etc. (yoursoleinsole.com)
  • After the discovery, people should take examination and treatment to clarify the cause and prevent possible irreversible bone and joint diseases, not only for adults but also for children and adolescents. (yoursoleinsole.com)
  • It causes changes in the bone and deterioration of the connective tissues that hold the joint together and attach muscle to bone. (anthrodesk.ca)
  • The shoulder joint consists of three bones: shoulder bone (humerus), shoulder blade (scapula) and collarbone (clavicle). (ortoped.bg)
  • 7 99m Tc-MDP is preferentially taken up in areas with newly formed bone and images are acquired two to four hours following injection. (cadth.ca)
  • hematopoietically active marrow develops around prosthetic joints, which can reduce the diagnostic accuracy of labelled WBCs if bone marrow and infection cannot be distinguished. (cadth.ca)
  • Acquiring enough bone to perform the fusion, especially in pediatric cases, allowed Hibbs to succeed where others failed and stands as a testament to his meticulous operative skills. (srs.org)
  • Treatment of foals with congenital flexure deformity varies with the severity of the deformity. (americanfarriers.com)
  • The severity of symptoms may vary from individual to individual, and between different joints. (limbhealing.com)
  • Careful observation may show a greater severity of deformity on the affected side. (lifamilyfootcare.com)
  • In our body's lower limb body region at birth, as a congenital anomaly , the hip dis-order, Congenital Hip Dislocation (Congenital Hip Dysplasia) is a dislocation of the hip of the hip joint generally including subluxation of the femoral head, acetabular dysplasia, and complete dislocation of the femoral head from the true acetabulum . (wellnessadvantage.com)
  • Mild symptoms may require simple measures such as regular physical exercises , a change in diet and lifestyle, hot and cold packs to the joints, orthotics and medications such as nonsteroidal or steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. (limbhealing.com)
  • Patients with joint prostheses and symptoms such as pain or fever. (cadth.ca)
  • At this stage, the pain and functional limitation of the joint are severe. (kieser.ch)
  • For severe deformities, if non-surgical treatment fails, the appropriate surgery can be selected according to the type of lesion. (yoursoleinsole.com)
  • These muscles then contribute to the progressive deformity seen with this disorder. (doctorputnam.com)
  • Spontaneous mutation and acquired immunologic processes can result in this disorder as well. (medscape.com)
  • Flat feet, also known as platypodia, refers to a deformity in which the arch of the foot is flat or disappears, the foot is valgus, and the arch collapses when standing or walking, causing foot pain. (yoursoleinsole.com)
  • Footpads are a more commonly used non-surgical treatment, which can relieve pain and support the arch of the foot to improve the position of the dislocated joint. (yoursoleinsole.com)
  • Currently, biomodels have been used in cases involving craniofacial deformities surgeries, extraoral implants, pathologies and trauma sequelae. (bvsalud.org)
  • This deformity often appears combined with metatarsal misalignment (also known as "offset cannons") as a compensation mechanism. (animalosteopathycollege.com)
  • This limb deformity is characterized for a misalignment of the metacarpal or metatarsal bones compared to the tarsal/carpal joints. (animalosteopathycollege.com)
  • This bleeding is painful and leads to long-term inflammation and deterioration of the joint (typically the ankles in children, and the ankles, knees, and elbows in adolescents and adults), resulting in permanent deformities, misalignment, loss of mobility, and extremities of unequal lengths. (medscape.com)
  • The utility of radionucleotide imaging in the surgical management of axial neck pain from cervical facet joint arthropathy. (rush.edu)
  • Since mobility and walking upright are among our primary basic needs in everyday life, problems and deformities of the lower extremity were the main focus during the reconstruction phase. (leonardo-ortho.ch)
  • The mobility of the joint is severely restricted and everyday activities can only be carried out with great difficulty or not at all. (kieser.ch)
  • At this time, due to the existence of joint mobility, it is called reversible flat feet or flexible flat feet. (yoursoleinsole.com)
  • The synovial joints at the sternochondral junctions should also be spared to allow mobility of the anterior chest wall. (sts.org)
  • Once exposed, all of the remaining cartilage from the joints is removed and prepared for fusion. (footeducation.com)
  • Over time, our joints will warp and change in ways that encourage further cartilage loss. (theadvancedspinecenter.com)
  • For those who developed OA first, the loss of cartilage around a joint reduces the amount of space that exists between our bones. (theadvancedspinecenter.com)
  • The cartilage is further worn down and the joint surfaces may be deformed. (kieser.ch)
  • Cartilage refers to the slippery yet firm tissue that allows almost frictionless joint movements. (anthrodesk.ca)
  • external fixator: adjusted OR 11.35, 95% CI 1.91-67.40 compared with the cast group) were associated with residual deformity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Accurate reduction should be performed to prevent residual deformity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The condition can also develop later in life because of other disorders (acquired). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Careful planning of the timing of the procedure and method of surgery, along with prolonged sternal support, should be applied in patients with pectus deformities associated with connective tissue disorders, such as Marfan's syndrome. (sts.org)
  • Mayo Clinic also stated that degenerative joint diseases could damage any joint in your knees, hands, spine, and hips. (anthrodesk.ca)
  • Some patients also show joint hypermobility and dilation of the aortic root (Boudin et al. (nih.gov)
  • Patients will not bear any weight on the operated leg for the first 6-8 weeks after surgery, in order for the joints to heal. (footeducation.com)
  • For patients with more significant deformity, a larger ankle brace may be necessary. (doctorputnam.com)
  • Over the years, Vietnamese doctors have increasingly expressed the desire to be able to help patients with deformities and injuries of the upper extremity as well. (leonardo-ortho.ch)
  • Aortic surgery, if needed, and simultaneous pectus deformity repair in such patients should be considered. (sts.org)
  • The division sponsors the Facial Rehabilitation Center , which evaluates and treats patients with a variety of congenital and acquired facial defects using a multidisciplinary team approach. (duke.edu)
  • It is therefore advisable in any case to consult a doctor, if possible before the first signs or at the latest when joint pain persists or arthrosis is suspected, who can make a precise and confirmed diagnosis and recommend suitable treatment. (kieser.ch)
  • Since the flexure deformity in this case is secondary to discomfort, the source of any lameness that accompanies a flexure deformity should be investigated with physical evaluation, local anesthesia and radiographs. (americanfarriers.com)
  • Symptomatic adults with secondary flat feet are called adult acquired flat feet. (yoursoleinsole.com)
  • High-impact sports and jobs that require heavy lifting cause the joints to sustain repeated injuries. (theadvancedspinecenter.com)
  • Year after year, some mares consistently produce foals that develop flexure deformities in the same limb. (americanfarriers.com)
  • Valgus can present itself in almost every joint of foals and horses' joints, each type of valgus is known by a different colloquial name. (animalosteopathycollege.com)
  • This surgical procedure involves the fusion of three joints: the talonavicular joint, the subtalar joint, and the calcaneal-cuboid joint (See Figure 1). (footeducation.com)
  • If non-surgical treatments fail to provide relief, surgery may be considered to repair, strengthen, realign or replace the damaged small joints. (limbhealing.com)
  • We acquired Acufex Microsurgical Inc., making us a market leader in arthroscopic surgical devices. (smith-nephew.com)
  • Claude Müller, numerous children and adults with congenital and acquired deformities have been successfully treated and consulted. (leonardo-ortho.ch)
  • Claw toes may cause pain and lead to calluses on the top of the toe over the first joint, but may also be painless. (medlineplus.gov)
  • And lastly, claw toes are a deformity where the entire toe grabs and involves the MPJ (metatarsal phalangeal joint) PIPJ and DIPJ. (rakuten.co.jp)
  • Collectively, these deformities are referred to as hammer toes. (rakuten.co.jp)
  • The toes may then contract at one or both of the joints to re-establish contact with the surface. (rakuten.co.jp)
  • It occurs when the big toe starts to lean toward the other toes, causing the joint to protrude outward. (melecafootandankle.com)
  • The primary deformity seen in a hammer toe is found at the PIPJ (proximal interphalangeal joint) which is the first or more proximal of the two joints of the toe. (rakuten.co.jp)
  • In the presence of more rigid deformities the intermetatarsal angle is reduced by using a distal or proximal osteotomy of the first metatarsal. (drzeetser.com)
  • Rarely, development of autoantibodies to FVIII results in acquired hemophilia A. (medscape.com)
  • The hallmark of hemophilia is hemorrhage into the joints. (medscape.com)
  • For illustration, bunions are deformities that come about when the bones in your significant toe joint go out of spot. (ibsenmartinez.com)