The flattened, funnel-shaped expansion connecting the URETER to the KIDNEY CALICES.
The space or compartment surrounded by the pelvic girdle (bony pelvis). It is subdivided into the greater pelvis and LESSER PELVIS. The pelvic girdle is formed by the PELVIC BONES and SACRUM.
Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.
The transference of a kidney from one human or animal to another.
Tumors or cancer of the pelvic region.
Long convoluted tubules in the nephrons. They collect filtrate from blood passing through the KIDNEY GLOMERULUS and process this filtrate into URINE. Each renal tubule consists of a BOWMAN CAPSULE; PROXIMAL KIDNEY TUBULE; LOOP OF HENLE; DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULE; and KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCT leading to the central cavity of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS) that connects to the URETER.
The outer zone of the KIDNEY, beneath the capsule, consisting of KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; KIDNEY TUBULES, DISTAL; and KIDNEY TUBULES, PROXIMAL.
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.
One of a pair of thick-walled tubes that transports urine from the KIDNEY PELVIS to the URINARY BLADDER.
Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.
The internal portion of the kidney, consisting of striated conical masses, the renal pyramids, whose bases are adjacent to the cortex and whose apices form prominent papillae projecting into the lumen of the minor calyces.
Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.
Hereditary diseases that are characterized by the progressive expansion of a large number of tightly packed CYSTS within the KIDNEYS. They include diseases with autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance.
A cluster of convoluted capillaries beginning at each nephric tubule in the kidney and held together by connective tissue.
One of three bones that make up the coxal bone of the pelvic girdle. In tetrapods, it is the part of the pelvis that projects backward on the ventral side, and in primates, it bears the weight of the sitting animal.
The renal tubule portion that extends from the BOWMAN CAPSULE in the KIDNEY CORTEX into the KIDNEY MEDULLA. The proximal tubule consists of a convoluted proximal segment in the cortex, and a distal straight segment descending into the medulla where it forms the U-shaped LOOP OF HENLE.
Laboratory tests used to evaluate how well the kidneys are working through examination of blood and urine.
Recesses of the kidney pelvis which divides into two wide, cup-shaped major renal calices, with each major calix subdivided into 7 to 14 minor calices. Urine empties into a minor calix from collecting tubules, then passes through the major calix, renal pelvis, and ureter to enter the urinary bladder. (From Moore, Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 3d ed, p211)
Cancer or tumors of the URETER which may cause obstruction leading to hydroureter, HYDRONEPHROSIS, and PYELONEPHRITIS. HEMATURIA is a common symptom.
The part of the pelvis, inferior to the pelvic brim, that comprises both the pelvic cavity and the part of the PERINEUM lying inferior to the PELVIC DIAPHRAGM.
Measurement of the dimensions and capacity of the pelvis. It includes cephalopelvimetry (measurement of fetal head size in relation to maternal pelvic capacity), a prognostic guide to the management of LABOR, OBSTETRIC associated with disproportion.
A bone that forms the lower and anterior part of each side of the hip bone.
Five fused VERTEBRAE forming a triangle-shaped structure at the back of the PELVIS. It articulates superiorly with the LUMBAR VERTEBRAE, inferiorly with the COCCYX, and anteriorly with the ILIUM of the PELVIS. The sacrum strengthens and stabilizes the PELVIS.
The largest of three bones that make up each half of the pelvic girdle.
Straight tubes commencing in the radiate part of the kidney cortex where they receive the curved ends of the distal convoluted tubules. In the medulla the collecting tubules of each pyramid converge to join a central tube (duct of Bellini) which opens on the summit of the papilla.
Kidney disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance and characterized by multiple CYSTS in both KIDNEYS with progressive deterioration of renal function.
The ability of the kidney to excrete in the urine high concentrations of solutes from the blood plasma.
Excision of kidney.
Detailed account or statement or formal record of data resulting from empirical inquiry.
The term "United States" in a medical context often refers to the country where a patient or study participant resides, and is not a medical term per se, but relevant for epidemiological studies, healthcare policies, and understanding differences in disease prevalence, treatment patterns, and health outcomes across various geographic locations.
A cabinet department in the Executive Branch of the United States Government concerned with administering those agencies and offices having programs pertaining to health and human services.
The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.
Healthy People Programs are a set of health objectives to be used by governments, communities, professional organizations, and others to help develop programs to improve health. It builds on initiatives pursued over the past two decades beginning with the 1979 Surgeon General's Report, Healthy People, Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives, and Healthy People 2010. These established national health objectives and served as the basis for the development of state and community plans. These are administered by the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (ODPHP). Similar programs are conducted by other national governments.
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.
All deaths reported in a given population.

Vesicoureteral reflux in male and female neonates as detected by voiding ultrasonography. (1/283)

BACKGROUND: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is assumed to be congenital, and its early diagnosis is desired in order to prevent acquired renal damage. However, the incidence of VUR in neonates remains to be revealed. METHODS: Two thousand newborn babies (1048 boys and 952 girls) underwent voiding ultrasonography (an ultrasound examination of urinary tract during provoked voiding). Those who showed transient renal pelvic dilation during voiding, who had small kidneys, or who subsequently developed urinary infection underwent voiding cystourethrography. RESULTS: Transient renal pelvic dilation was observed in 16 babies (0.8%), including one boy with small kidneys. Among the rest of the babies, one boy had a small kidney, and nine babies subsequently developed urinary infection. Voiding cystourethrography revealed VUR in 24 ureters of 16 children (11 boys and 5 girls). Dimercaptosuccinate renoscintigraphy confirmed small kidneys, with generally reduced tracer uptake in a total of three boys, all having VUR. Voiding ultrasonography detected transient renal pelvic dilation in 17 (71%) of the 24 kidneys with VUR and, strikingly, 16 of the 17 (94%) kidneys with high-grade VUR (grade III or more). CONCLUSION: This study effectively detected VUR in 0.8% of the neonates (mostly of high grades and predominantly in males) and voiding ultrasonography showed a decided usefulness for the detection of VUR. The male preponderance of VUR in neonates was considered to be due to the occurrence of congenitally small kidneys, with reflux found exclusively in males and easier ultrasound detection of VUR in male neonates because the majority of diagnoses are reported to be high grades of VUR.  (+info)

The renal lesions that develop in neonatal mice during angiotensin inhibition mimic obstructive nephropathy. (2/283)

BACKGROUND: Inhibition of angiotensin action, pharmacologically or genetically, during the neonatal period leads to renal anomalies involving hypoplastic papilla and dilated calyx. Recently, we documented that angiotensinogen (Agt -/-) or angiotensin type 1 receptor nullizygotes (Agtr1 -/-) do not develop renal pelvis nor ureteral peristaltic movement, both of which are essential for isolating the kidney from the high downstream ureteral pressure. We therefore examined whether these renal anomalies could be characterized as "obstructive" nephropathy. METHODS: Agtr1 -/- neonatal mice were compared with wild-type neonates, the latter subjected to surgical complete unilateral ureteral ligation (UUO), by analyzing morphometrical, immunohistochemical, and molecular indices. Agtr1 -/- mice were also subjected to a complete UUO and were compared with wild-type UUO mice by quantitative analysis. To assess the function of the urinary tract, baseline pelvic and ureteral pressures were measured. RESULTS: The structural anomalies were qualitatively indistinguishable between the Agtr1 -/- without surgical obstruction versus the wild type with complete UUO. Thus, in both kidneys, the calyx was enlarged, whereas the papilla was atrophic; tubulointerstitial cells underwent proliferation and also apoptosis. Both were also characterized by interstitial macrophage infiltration and fibrosis, and within the local lesion, transforming growth factor-beta 1, platelet-derived growth factor-A and insulin-like growth factor-1 were up-regulated, whereas epidermal growth factor was down-regulated. Moreover, quantitative differences that exist between mutant kidneys without surgical obstruction and wild-type kidneys with surgical UUO were abolished when both underwent the same complete surgical UUO. The hydraulic baseline pressure was always lower in the pelvis than that in the ureter in the wild type, whereas this pressure gradient was reversed in the mutant. CONCLUSION: The abnormal kidney structure that develops in neonates during angiotensin inhibition is attributed largely to "functional obstruction" of the urinary tract caused by the defective development of peristaltic machinery.  (+info)

PGE2 increases substance P release from renal pelvic sensory nerves via activation of N-type calcium channels. (3/283)

Activation of renal pelvic sensory nerves by increased pelvic pressure results in a renal pelvic release of substance P that is dependent on intact prostaglandin synthesis. An isolated renal pelvic wall preparation was used to examine whether PGE2 increases the release of substance P from renal pelvic sensory nerves and by what mechanisms. The validity of the model was tested by examining whether 50 mM KCl increased substance P release from the pelvic wall. Fifty millimolar KCl produced an increase in substance P release, from 9.6 +/- 1.6 to 26.8 +/- 4.0 pg/min, P < 0.01, that was blocked by the L-type calcium blocker verapamil (10 microM). PGE2 (0.14 microM) increased the release of substance P from the pelvic wall from 8.9 +/- 0.9 to 20.6 +/- 3.3 pg/min, P < 0.01. PGE2 failed to increase substance P release in a calcium-free medium. The PGE2-induced substance P release was blocked by the N-type calcium blocker omega-conotoxin (0.1 microM) but was unaffected by verapamil. In conclusion, PGE2 increases the release of substance P from renal pelvic sensory nerves by a calcium-dependent mechanism that requires influx of calcium via N-type calcium channels.  (+info)

Prospective study of outcome in antenatally diagnosed renal pelvis dilatation. (4/283)

AIMS: To ascertain the outcome associated with antenatal renal pelvis dilatation; to recommend guidelines for postnatal investigation and determine an upper limit of normal for the anterioposterior dimensions of the fetal renal pelvis. METHODS: Infants whose antenatal ultrasound scan showed a fetal renal pelvis of 5 mm or greater were investigated using postnatal renal tract ultrasound and a micturating cystogram. Isotope studies were also performed, where appropriate. RESULTS: Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR), the most common diagnosis, was evident in 23/104 (22%). In 14 infants with VUR the postnatal ultrasound scan was normal. There was no evidence of renal scarring or dysplasia in any of the refluxing kidneys. Other diagnoses were pelviureteric junction obstruction, renal dysplasia, and idiopathic dilatation. Antenatal counselling and parental information facilitated postnatal assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Infants with antenatal renal pelvis measurements of 5 mm or greater should be investigated postnatally, as a significant percentage will have VUR. A normal postnatal ultrasound scan does not preclude the presence of VUR.  (+info)

Resistive indices in the evaluation of infants with obstructive and nonobstructive pyelocaliectasis. (5/283)

Diagnosing obstructive uropathy by renal resistive indices calculated from duplex Doppler sonographic waveforms has been supported as well as challenged in the radiology literature relating to adults. Despite reports of normally higher resistive indices in children as compared to adults, two studies have documented high sensitivity and specificity of renal Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of obstructive uropathy in children, using the same discriminatory criterion of a resistive index of 0.7 or greater as used in adults. We evaluated 43 infants with significant or bilateral pyelocaliectasis secondary to both obstructive and unobstructive uropathy and found no significant difference in the mean resistive indices or the mean difference in resistive indices of two kidneys in one patient. We conclude that Doppler sonography in infants has no value in differentiating obstructive from nonobstructive pyelocaliectasis.  (+info)

Quantitative SPECT of 99mTc-DMSA uptake in kidneys of infants with unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction: assessment of structural and functional abnormalities. (6/283)

We evaluated individual renal function using quantitative SPECT of dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) uptake by the kidneys (QDMSA) in infants with unilateral ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction and compared our findings with infants without obstruction. METHODS: QDMSA was performed on 13 infants (mean age of 2.8 +/- 2.8 mo) with unilateral UPJ obstruction and on 15 age-matched controls without obstruction. RESULTS: Control kidneys (n = 30) had a volume of 43.5 +/- 8.8 mL, a percentage injected dose (%ID)/mL 0.62 +/- 0.12 and uptake of 26.1% +/- 3.9%. Kidneys with UPJ obstruction (n = 13) had a volume of 61.2 +/- 19.3 mL, a %ID/mL of 0.42 +/- 0.11 and uptake of 25.4% +/- 8.2%. Contralateral kidneys (n = 13) had a volume of 44.0 +/- 11.9 mL, a %ID/mL of 0.57 +/- 0.16 and uptake of 24.2% +/- 4.6%. The uptake in obstructed kidneys was similar to that observed in contralateral and control kidneys (t = -0.77, P = 0.45; t = -0.37, P = 0.71; respectively). UPJ kidneys had a statistically significant increased volume and decreased %ID/mL, compared with contralateral kidneys (t = 3.35, P < 0.006 and t = 3.75, P < 0.003, respectively) and control kidneys (t = -4.2, P < 0.001 and t = 4.7, P < 0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference between contralateral kidneys and control kidneys regarding volume (t = -0.16, P = 0.87), %ID/mL (t = 0.98, P = 0.33) and uptake (t = -1.41, P = 0.16). Of 13 infants, 11 (85%) showed large kidneys with thinning of the renal cortex. In 1 infant, there was no difference between the obstructed and contralateral kidneys regarding volume, %ID/mL and uptake, and 1 infant showed significant decreased uptake in the UPJ kidney compared with the contralateral kidney. CONCLUSION: Although the overall renal function of the obstructed kidneys remained unchanged, there was a statistically significant decrease in the %ID/mL of renal tissue in UPJ kidneys, which may represent renal dysfunction. Increased functional volume with a thin cortex may represent a compensatory mechanism of the obstructed kidney. Such changes may contribute to the understanding of pathophysiologic mechanisms and may be an early sign of obstruction in infants with hydronephrosis. Further longitudinal studies with an extended number of infants and serial measurements of kidney volumes and %ID/mL are warranted to assess the significance of QDMSA in the management of infants with asymptomatic unilateral renal pelvic dilatation.  (+info)

Cyclooxygenase-2 involved in stimulation of renal mechanosensitive neurons. (7/283)

Stretching of the renal pelvic wall activates renal mechanosensitive neurons, resulting in an increase in afferent renal nerve activity (ARNA). Prostaglandin (PG)E(2) plays a crucial role in the activation of renal mechanosensitive neurons through facilitation of the release of substance P from the sensory neurons in the renal pelvic wall. Because wall stretch may induce cyclooxygenase-2 activity, we examined whether cyclooxygenase-2 was expressed in the renal pelvic wall and whether activation of cyclooxygenase-2 contributed to the ARNA response produced through increased renal pelvic pressure. In situ hybridization showed a strong cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA signal in the papilla and subepithelial layer of the renal pelvic wall from time control kidneys and from kidneys exposed to 15 minutes of increased renal pelvic pressure in anesthetized surgically operated rats. In anesthetized rats, an increase in renal pelvic pressure increased ARNA by 40+/-2% and increased renal pelvic release of PGE(2) from 289+/-46 to 1379+/-182 pg/min (P<0.01). Renal pelvic perfusion with the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor etodolac reduced the increases in ARNA and PGE(2) by 66+/-7% and 55+/-13%, respectively (P<0.01). Likewise, the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor 5, 5-dimethyl-3-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-2(5H)-furanone reduced the increases in ARNA and PGE(2) by 43+/-5% and 47+/-8%, respectively. We conclude that cyclooxygenase-2 is expressed in the renal pelvic wall and that the activation of cyclooxygenase-2 contributes to the stimulation of renal mechanosensitive neurons in the pelvic wall.  (+info)

Effects of selective inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) on the spontaneous myogenic contractions in the upper urinary tract of the guinea-pig and rat. (8/283)

The role of cyclo-oxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the upper urinary tract of the guinea-pig and rat was examined using simultaneous tension recordings of the proximal and distal regions of the renal pelvis and the ureter. The guinea-pig upper urinary tract contracted at a frequency (7.52+/-0.3 min(-1) at 35 degrees C) significantly lower than the frequency in the proximal renal pelvis (21.6+/-1.3 min(-1)) and in the distal renal pelvis and ureter (20.2+/-1.4 min(-1)) of the rat (at 30 degrees C). Indomethacin (>/=1 microM for 60 min), decreased the motility index (amplitudexfrequency) (MI) in all three regions of the guinea-pig upper urinary tract, an effect which mainly arose from a decrease in the frequency of contractions. In the rat, indomethacin (1 - 30 microM for 60 min) significantly decreased the MI calculated in the proximal renal pelvis (>/=30 microM indomethacin), and in the distal renal pelvis (>/=10 microM indomethacin), arising from a significant decrease in the amplitude of contractions. The COX-1 inhibitor, valeryl salicylate (VSA) (5 - 100 microM for 60 min), had no effect on either the amplitude or frequency of contractions in the guinea-pig upper urinary tract. In contrast, VSA increased the force of contractions in the proximal and distal renal pelvis of the rat, whilst having little effect on the frequency of contractions. The COX-2 inhibitor, NS-398 (10 - 100 nM for 60 min) reduced the MI in the guinea-pig upper urinary tract in a concentration-dependent manner. The MIs calculated for the proximal renal pelvis, distal renal pelvis and ureter, were decreased by 72, 64 and 72% respectively, in 100 nM NS-398. NS-398 (10 - 100 nM) had no effect on any of the three parameters measured in either the proximal or distal renal pelvis of the rat. These data suggest that endogenously-released prostaglandins (PGs) maintain the myogenic contractility of the upper urinary tract in both the guinea-pig and rat. Moreover COX-2 is the primary enzyme involved in synthesizing PGs in the guinea-pig upper urinary tract, while COX-1 appears to be the predominantly active enzyme in the rat.  (+info)

The kidney pelvis, also known as the renal pelvis, is the funnel-shaped part of the upper end of the ureter in the kidney. It receives urine from the minor and major calyces, which are extensions of the renal collecting tubules, and then drains it into the ureter, which carries it to the bladder for storage and eventual elimination from the body. The kidney pelvis is lined with transitional epithelium, which is designed to stretch and accommodate changes in urine volume.

The pelvis is the lower part of the trunk, located between the abdomen and the lower limbs. It is formed by the fusion of several bones: the ilium, ischium, and pubis (which together form the hip bone on each side), and the sacrum and coccyx in the back. The pelvis has several functions including supporting the weight of the upper body when sitting, protecting the lower abdominal organs, and providing attachment for muscles that enable movement of the lower limbs. In addition, it serves as a bony canal through which the reproductive and digestive tracts pass. The pelvic cavity contains several vital organs such as the bladder, parts of the large intestine, and in females, the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes.

A kidney, in medical terms, is one of two bean-shaped organs located in the lower back region of the body. They are essential for maintaining homeostasis within the body by performing several crucial functions such as:

1. Regulation of water and electrolyte balance: Kidneys help regulate the amount of water and various electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and calcium in the bloodstream to maintain a stable internal environment.

2. Excretion of waste products: They filter waste products from the blood, including urea (a byproduct of protein metabolism), creatinine (a breakdown product of muscle tissue), and other harmful substances that result from normal cellular functions or external sources like medications and toxins.

3. Endocrine function: Kidneys produce several hormones with important roles in the body, such as erythropoietin (stimulates red blood cell production), renin (regulates blood pressure), and calcitriol (activated form of vitamin D that helps regulate calcium homeostasis).

4. pH balance regulation: Kidneys maintain the proper acid-base balance in the body by excreting either hydrogen ions or bicarbonate ions, depending on whether the blood is too acidic or too alkaline.

5. Blood pressure control: The kidneys play a significant role in regulating blood pressure through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which constricts blood vessels and promotes sodium and water retention to increase blood volume and, consequently, blood pressure.

Anatomically, each kidney is approximately 10-12 cm long, 5-7 cm wide, and 3 cm thick, with a weight of about 120-170 grams. They are surrounded by a protective layer of fat and connected to the urinary system through the renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

Kidney disease, also known as nephropathy or renal disease, refers to any functional or structural damage to the kidneys that impairs their ability to filter blood, regulate electrolytes, produce hormones, and maintain fluid balance. This damage can result from a wide range of causes, including diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, lupus, infections, drugs, toxins, and congenital or inherited disorders.

Depending on the severity and progression of the kidney damage, kidney diseases can be classified into two main categories: acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). AKI is a sudden and often reversible loss of kidney function that occurs over hours to days, while CKD is a progressive and irreversible decline in kidney function that develops over months or years.

Symptoms of kidney diseases may include edema, proteinuria, hematuria, hypertension, electrolyte imbalances, metabolic acidosis, anemia, and decreased urine output. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and severity of the disease and may include medications, dietary modifications, dialysis, or kidney transplantation.

Kidney transplantation is a surgical procedure where a healthy kidney from a deceased or living donor is implanted into a patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or permanent kidney failure. The new kidney takes over the functions of filtering waste and excess fluids from the blood, producing urine, and maintaining the body's electrolyte balance.

The transplanted kidney is typically placed in the lower abdomen, with its blood vessels connected to the recipient's iliac artery and vein. The ureter of the new kidney is then attached to the recipient's bladder to ensure proper urine flow. Following the surgery, the patient will require lifelong immunosuppressive therapy to prevent rejection of the transplanted organ by their immune system.

Pelvic neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors located in the pelvic region. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They can originate from various tissues within the pelvis, including the reproductive organs (such as ovaries, uterus, cervix, vagina, and vulva in women; and prostate, testicles, and penis in men), the urinary system (kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra), the gastrointestinal tract (colon, rectum, and anus), as well as the muscles, nerves, blood vessels, and other connective tissues.

Malignant pelvic neoplasms can invade surrounding tissues and spread to distant parts of the body (metastasize). The symptoms of pelvic neoplasms may vary depending on their location, size, and type but often include abdominal or pelvic pain, bloating, changes in bowel or bladder habits, unusual vaginal bleeding or discharge, and unintentional weight loss. Early detection and prompt treatment are crucial for improving the prognosis of malignant pelvic neoplasms.

Kidney tubules are the structural and functional units of the kidney responsible for reabsorption, secretion, and excretion of various substances. They are part of the nephron, which is the basic unit of the kidney's filtration and reabsorption process.

There are three main types of kidney tubules:

1. Proximal tubule: This is the initial segment of the kidney tubule that receives the filtrate from the glomerulus. It is responsible for reabsorbing approximately 65% of the filtrate, including water, glucose, amino acids, and electrolytes.
2. Loop of Henle: This U-shaped segment of the tubule consists of a thin descending limb, a thin ascending limb, and a thick ascending limb. The loop of Henle helps to concentrate urine by creating an osmotic gradient that allows water to be reabsorbed in the collecting ducts.
3. Distal tubule: This is the final segment of the kidney tubule before it empties into the collecting duct. It is responsible for fine-tuning the concentration of electrolytes and pH balance in the urine by selectively reabsorbing or secreting substances such as sodium, potassium, chloride, and hydrogen ions.

Overall, kidney tubules play a critical role in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance, regulating acid-base balance, and removing waste products from the body.

The kidney cortex is the outer region of the kidney where most of the functional units called nephrons are located. It plays a crucial role in filtering blood and regulating water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance in the body. The kidney cortex contains the glomeruli, proximal tubules, loop of Henle, and distal tubules, which work together to reabsorb necessary substances and excrete waste products into the urine.

Kidney neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the kidney tissues that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). These growths can originate from various types of kidney cells, including the renal tubules, glomeruli, and the renal pelvis.

Malignant kidney neoplasms are also known as kidney cancers, with renal cell carcinoma being the most common type. Benign kidney neoplasms include renal adenomas, oncocytomas, and angiomyolipomas. While benign neoplasms are generally not life-threatening, they can still cause problems if they grow large enough to compromise kidney function or if they undergo malignant transformation.

Early detection and appropriate management of kidney neoplasms are crucial for improving patient outcomes and overall prognosis. Regular medical check-ups, imaging studies, and urinalysis can help in the early identification of these growths, allowing for timely intervention and treatment.

Acute kidney injury (AKI), also known as acute renal failure, is a rapid loss of kidney function that occurs over a few hours or days. It is defined as an increase in the serum creatinine level by 0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours or an increase in the creatinine level to more than 1.5 times baseline, which is known or presumed to have occurred within the prior 7 days, or a urine volume of less than 0.5 mL/kg per hour for six hours.

AKI can be caused by a variety of conditions, including decreased blood flow to the kidneys, obstruction of the urinary tract, exposure to toxic substances, and certain medications. Symptoms of AKI may include decreased urine output, fluid retention, electrolyte imbalances, and metabolic acidosis. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the injury and providing supportive care, such as dialysis, to help maintain kidney function until the injury resolves.

Chronic kidney failure, also known as chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5 or end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is a permanent loss of kidney function that occurs gradually over a period of months to years. It is defined as a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 15 ml/min, which means the kidneys are filtering waste and excess fluids at less than 15% of their normal capacity.

CKD can be caused by various underlying conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, and recurrent kidney infections. Over time, the damage to the kidneys can lead to a buildup of waste products and fluids in the body, which can cause a range of symptoms including fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, and confusion.

Treatment for chronic kidney failure typically involves managing the underlying condition, making lifestyle changes such as following a healthy diet, and receiving supportive care such as dialysis or a kidney transplant to replace lost kidney function.

A ureter is a thin, muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the bladder. In humans, there are two ureters, one for each kidney, and they are typically about 10-12 inches long. The ureters are lined with a special type of cells called transitional epithelium that can stretch and expand as urine passes through them. They are located in the retroperitoneal space, which is the area behind the peritoneum, the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. The ureters play a critical role in the urinary system by ensuring that urine flows from the kidneys to the bladder for storage and eventual elimination from the body.

Hydronephrosis is a medical condition characterized by the swelling of one or both kidneys due to the accumulation of urine. This occurs when the flow of urine from the kidney to the bladder is obstructed, causing urine to back up into the kidney. The obstruction can be caused by various factors such as kidney stones, tumors, or congenital abnormalities. If left untreated, hydronephrosis can lead to serious complications including kidney damage and infection. It is typically diagnosed through imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI.

The kidney medulla is the inner portion of the renal pyramids in the kidney, consisting of multiple conical structures found within the kidney. It is composed of loops of Henle and collecting ducts responsible for concentrating urine by reabsorbing water and producing a hyperosmotic environment. The kidney medulla has a unique blood supply and is divided into an inner and outer zone, with the inner zone having a higher osmolarity than the outer zone. This region of the kidney helps regulate electrolyte and fluid balance in the body.

Kidney calculi, also known as kidney stones, are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside your kidneys. They can range in size from a grain of sand to a golf ball. When they're small enough, they can be passed through your urine without causing too much discomfort. However, larger stones may block the flow of urine, causing severe pain and potentially leading to serious complications such as urinary tract infections or kidney damage if left untreated.

The formation of kidney calculi is often associated with factors like dehydration, high levels of certain minerals in your urine, family history, obesity, and certain medical conditions such as gout or inflammatory bowel disease. Symptoms of kidney stones typically include severe pain in the back, side, lower abdomen, or groin; nausea and vomiting; fever and chills if an infection is present; and blood in the urine. Treatment options depend on the size and location of the stone but may include medications to help pass the stone, shock wave lithotripsy to break up the stone, or surgical removal of the stone in severe cases.

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of multiple cysts in the kidneys. These cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can vary in size and can multiply, leading to enlarged kidneys. The increased size and number of cysts can result in reduced kidney function, high blood pressure, and eventually kidney failure.

There are two main types of PKD: Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) and Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD). ADPKD is the most common form, affecting approximately 1 in every 500 people. It typically develops in adulthood. On the other hand, ARPKD is a rarer form, affecting about 1 in every 20,000 children, and it often presents in infancy or early childhood.

In addition to kidney problems, PKD can also affect other organs, such as the liver and the heart. It's important to note that while there is no cure for PKD, various treatments can help manage symptoms and slow down the progression of the disease.

A kidney glomerulus is a functional unit in the nephron of the kidney. It is a tuft of capillaries enclosed within a structure called Bowman's capsule, which filters waste and excess fluids from the blood. The glomerulus receives blood from an afferent arteriole and drains into an efferent arteriole.

The process of filtration in the glomerulus is called ultrafiltration, where the pressure within the glomerular capillaries drives plasma fluid and small molecules (such as ions, glucose, amino acids, and waste products) through the filtration membrane into the Bowman's space. Larger molecules, like proteins and blood cells, are retained in the blood due to their larger size. The filtrate then continues down the nephron for further processing, eventually forming urine.

The ischium is a part of the pelvic bone, specifically the lower and posterior portion. It is one of the three bones that fuse together to form each half of the pelvis, along with the ilium (the upper and largest portion) and the pubis (anteriorly).

The ischium has a thick, robust structure because it supports our body weight when we sit. Its main parts include:

1. The ischial tuberosity (sitting bone): This is the roughened, weight-bearing portion where you typically feel discomfort after sitting for long periods.
2. The ischial spine: A thin bony projection that serves as an attachment point for various muscles and ligaments.
3. The ramus of the ischium: The slender, curved part that extends downwards and joins with the pubis to form the inferior (lower) portion of the pelvic ring called the obturator foramen.

Together with the other components of the pelvis, the ischium plays a crucial role in providing stability, supporting the lower limbs, and protecting internal organs.

The proximal kidney tubule is the initial portion of the renal tubule in the nephron of the kidney. It is located in the renal cortex and is called "proximal" because it is closer to the glomerulus, compared to the distal tubule. The proximal tubule plays a crucial role in the reabsorption of water, electrolytes, and nutrients from the filtrate that has been formed by the glomerulus. It also helps in the secretion of waste products and other substances into the urine.

The proximal tubule is divided into two segments: the pars convoluta and the pars recta. The pars convoluta is the curved portion that receives filtrate from the Bowman's capsule, while the pars recta is the straight portion that extends deeper into the renal cortex.

The proximal tubule is lined with a simple cuboidal epithelium, and its cells are characterized by numerous mitochondria, which provide energy for active transport processes. The apical surface of the proximal tubular cells has numerous microvilli, forming a brush border that increases the surface area for reabsorption.

In summary, the proximal kidney tubule is a critical site for the reabsorption of water, electrolytes, and nutrients from the glomerular filtrate, contributing to the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance in the body.

Kidney function tests (KFTs) are a group of diagnostic tests that evaluate how well your kidneys are functioning by measuring the levels of various substances in the blood and urine. The tests typically assess the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which is an indicator of how efficiently the kidneys filter waste from the blood, as well as the levels of electrolytes, waste products, and proteins in the body.

Some common KFTs include:

1. Serum creatinine: A waste product that's produced by normal muscle breakdown and is excreted by the kidneys. Elevated levels may indicate reduced kidney function.
2. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN): Another waste product that's produced when protein is broken down and excreted by the kidneys. Increased BUN levels can suggest impaired kidney function.
3. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): A calculation based on serum creatinine, age, sex, and race that estimates the GFR and provides a more precise assessment of kidney function than creatinine alone.
4. Urinalysis: An examination of a urine sample to detect abnormalities such as protein, blood, or bacteria that may indicate kidney disease.
5. Electrolyte levels: Measurement of sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate in the blood to ensure they're properly balanced, which is essential for normal kidney function.

KFTs are often ordered as part of a routine check-up or when kidney disease is suspected based on symptoms or other diagnostic tests. Regular monitoring of kidney function can help detect and manage kidney disease early, potentially preventing or slowing down its progression.

A kidney calculus, also known as a kidney stone or nephrolith, is a solid concretion or crystal aggregation that forms in the kidney from minerals in urine. These calculi can vary in size and location within the urinary tract. They can cause pain, bleeding, infection, or blockage of the urinary system if they become too large to pass through the urinary tract.

Calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate are the most common types of kidney calculi. Other less common types include uric acid stones, struvite stones, and cystine stones. The formation of kidney calculi can be influenced by various factors such as diet, dehydration, family history, medical conditions (e.g., gout, hyperparathyroidism), and certain medications.

Ureteral neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the ureters, which are the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign ureteral neoplasms are rare and usually do not pose a significant health risk, although they may need to be removed if they cause obstructions or other complications.

Malignant ureteral neoplasms, on the other hand, are more serious and can spread to other parts of the body. The most common type of malignant ureteral neoplasm is transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), which arises from the cells that line the inside of the ureters. Other types of malignant ureteral neoplasms include squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and sarcoma.

Symptoms of ureteral neoplasms may include hematuria (blood in the urine), flank pain, weight loss, and fatigue. Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests such as CT scans or MRIs, as well as urine cytology and biopsy to confirm the presence of cancer cells. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.

The lesser pelvis, also known as the small or false pelvis, is the upper and more superior portion of the pelvic cavity. It is located above the linea terminalis and is formed by the ilium, ischium, and pubis bones of the hip bones (coxal bones) and the sacrum and coccyx of the vertebral column. The lesser pelvis provides attachment for various muscles and ligaments and contains the reproductive and excretory organs in females, such as the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and bladder. In males, it contains the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and urinary bladder. The lesser pelvis is smaller than the greater pelvis and has a more funnel-shaped cavity.

Pelvimetry is a medical measurement and evaluation of the size and shape of the pelvis, which can be performed in several ways:

1. Clinical pelvimetry: This involves physical examination to assess the dimensions of the pelvis by palpation and measurement of the distance between bony landmarks.
2. Radiological pelvimetry: This uses X-ray or CT imaging to obtain more accurate measurements of the pelvic diameters, including the anteroposterior, transverse, and oblique dimensions.
3. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pelvimetry: This method is considered the most accurate for assessing the size and shape of the pelvis, as it provides detailed images without radiation exposure.

Pelvimetry is often used in obstetrics to evaluate whether a woman's pelvis can accommodate a fetus during childbirth (known as "obstetric pelvimetry"). It helps healthcare providers determine if a vaginal delivery is possible or if a cesarean section may be necessary. However, the use of pelvimetry in modern obstetrics has become less common due to its limited predictive value and the increasing focus on individualized birth management.

The pubic bone, also known as the pubis or pubic symphysis, is a part of the pelvis - the complex ring-like structure that forms the lower part of the trunk and supports the weight of the upper body. The pubic bone is the anterior (front) portion of the pelvic girdle, located at the bottom of the abdomen, and it connects to the other side at the pubic symphysis, a cartilaginous joint.

The pubic bone plays an essential role in supporting the lower limbs and providing attachment for various muscles involved in movements like walking, running, and jumping. It also protects some abdominal organs and contributes to the structure of the pelvic outlet, which is crucial during childbirth.

The sacrum is a triangular-shaped bone in the lower portion of the human vertebral column, located between the lumbar spine and the coccyx (tailbone). It forms through the fusion of several vertebrae during fetal development. The sacrum's base articulates with the fifth lumbar vertebra, while its apex connects with the coccyx.

The sacrum plays an essential role in supporting the spine and transmitting weight from the upper body to the pelvis and lower limbs. It also serves as an attachment site for various muscles and ligaments. The sacral region is often a focus in medical and chiropractic treatments due to its importance in spinal stability, posture, and overall health.

The ilium is the largest and broadest of the three parts that make up the hip bone or coxal bone. It is the uppermost portion of the pelvis and forms the side of the waist. The ilium has a curved, fan-like shape and articulates with the sacrum at the back to form the sacroiliac joint. The large, concave surface on the top of the ilium is called the iliac crest, which can be felt as a prominent ridge extending from the front of the hip to the lower back. This region is significant in orthopedics and physical examinations for its use in assessing various medical conditions and performing certain maneuvers during the physical examination.

Collecting kidney tubules, also known as collecting ducts, are the final portion of the renal tubule in the nephron of the kidney. They collect filtrate from the distal convoluted tubules and glomeruli and are responsible for the reabsorption of water and electrolytes back into the bloodstream under the influence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone. The collecting ducts then deliver the remaining filtrate to the ureter, which transports it to the bladder for storage until urination.

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of multiple cysts in the kidneys. These cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can vary in size and can multiply, leading to enlarged kidneys. The increased size and number of cysts can eventually result in reduced kidney function, high blood pressure, and potentially kidney failure.

ADPKD is an autosomal dominant disorder, meaning it only requires one copy of the altered gene (from either the mother or father) to have the disease. Each child of an affected individual has a 50% chance of inheriting the mutated gene. The two genes most commonly associated with ADPKD are PKD1 and PKD2, located on chromosomes 16 and 4, respectively.

Symptoms can vary widely among individuals with ADPKD, but they often include high blood pressure, back or side pain, headaches, increased abdominal size due to enlarged kidneys, blood in the urine, and kidney failure. Other complications may include cysts in the liver, pancreas, and/or brain (berries aneurysms).

Early diagnosis and management of ADPKD can help slow down disease progression and improve quality of life. Treatment typically includes controlling high blood pressure, managing pain, monitoring kidney function, and addressing complications as they arise. In some cases, dialysis or a kidney transplant may be necessary if kidney failure occurs.

Kidney concentrating ability refers to the capacity of the kidneys to increase the concentration of solutes, such as urea and minerals, and remove waste products while reabsorbing water to maintain fluid balance in the body. This is primarily regulated by the hormone vasopressin (ADH), which signals the collecting ducts in the nephrons of the kidneys to absorb more water, resulting in the production of concentrated urine. A decreased kidney concentrating ability may indicate a variety of renal disorders or diseases, such as diabetes insipidus or chronic kidney disease.

Nephrectomy is a surgical procedure in which all or part of a kidney is removed. It may be performed due to various reasons such as severe kidney damage, kidney cancer, or living donor transplantation. The type of nephrectomy depends on the reason for the surgery - a simple nephrectomy involves removing only the affected portion of the kidney, while a radical nephrectomy includes removal of the whole kidney along with its surrounding tissues like the adrenal gland and lymph nodes.

A "Research Report" in the medical context is a comprehensive and systematic documentation of the entire process, findings, and conclusions of a scientific research study. It typically includes an abstract, introduction, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion sections. The report may also contain information about the funding sources, potential conflicts of interest, and ethical considerations related to the research. The purpose of a research report is to allow other researchers to critically evaluate the study, replicate its findings, and build upon its knowledge. It should adhere to strict standards of scientific reporting and be written in a clear, concise, and objective manner.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "United States" is a geopolitical entity, specifically the name of the country consisting of 50 states, and it is not a medical term or concept. Therefore, I can't provide a medical definition for it. If you have any questions related to health, medicine, or biology, I would be happy to try to help answer those!

The United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is not a medical term per se, but it is a government organization that oversees and provides funding for many public health initiatives, services, and institutions in the United States. Here's a brief definition:

The HHS is a cabinet-level department in the US federal government responsible for protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services. It achieves this by promoting effective and efficient delivery of high-quality healthcare, conducting critical medical research through its agencies, such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and enforcing public health laws and regulations, including those related to food safety, through its agencies, such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Additionally, HHS oversees the Medicare and Medicaid programs, which provide healthcare coverage for millions of elderly, disabled, and low-income Americans.

In epidemiology, the incidence of a disease is defined as the number of new cases of that disease within a specific population over a certain period of time. It is typically expressed as a rate, with the number of new cases in the numerator and the size of the population at risk in the denominator. Incidence provides information about the risk of developing a disease during a given time period and can be used to compare disease rates between different populations or to monitor trends in disease occurrence over time.

The "Healthy People" programs are a set of initiatives and objectives established by the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (ODPHP), which is part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). These programs aim to improve the health of all Americans over the course of a decade by setting evidence-based national goals and objectives for promoting physical, mental, and social well-being, as well as preventing disease, injury, and premature death.

The "Healthy People" programs are not a medical definition per se, but rather a set of public health initiatives that provide a framework for improving the health of the population. The program's goals and objectives cover a wide range of topics, including:

* Physical activity
* Nutrition
* Tobacco use
* Alcohol and drug abuse
* Mental health
* Sexual health
* Injury prevention
* Environmental health
* Access to healthcare

The "Healthy People" programs are updated every 10 years, with the most recent iteration being Healthy People 2030. These programs serve as a roadmap for policymakers, healthcare providers, and communities to work together to improve the health of the nation.

Neoplasms are abnormal growths of cells or tissues in the body that serve no physiological function. They can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign neoplasms are typically slow growing and do not spread to other parts of the body, while malignant neoplasms are aggressive, invasive, and can metastasize to distant sites.

Neoplasms occur when there is a dysregulation in the normal process of cell division and differentiation, leading to uncontrolled growth and accumulation of cells. This can result from genetic mutations or other factors such as viral infections, environmental exposures, or hormonal imbalances.

Neoplasms can develop in any organ or tissue of the body and can cause various symptoms depending on their size, location, and type. Treatment options for neoplasms include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, among others.

Mortality, in medical terms, refers to the state or condition of being mortal; the quality or fact of being subject to death. It is often used in reference to the mortality rate, which is the number of deaths in a specific population, divided by the size of that population, per a given time period. This can be used as a measure of the risk of death among a population.

with J. C. Davis: Sheehan, H. L.; Davis, J. C. (October 1959). "Anatomy of the pelvis in the rabbit kidney". J Anat. 93(Pt 4) ( ... Sheehan, H. L. (26 June 1931). "The deposition of dyes in the mammalian kidney". J Physiol. 72 (2): 201-246. doi:10.1113/ ... on the deposition of dyes in the mammalian kidney. In 1932 Sheehan graduated MSc with a thesis on renal elimination of injected ... he clarified the effects of eclampsia upon the liver and kidneys, he identified the encephalopathy of hyperemesis gravidarum as ...
Smith M, Rochon PJ, Ray CE (June 2012). "Traversing the Renal Pelvis during Percutaneous Nephrostomy Tube Placement ("Kidney ... Then a needle would pass through to make the puncture on the kidney. Then, urine from the kidney is aspirated and check for its ... renal pelvis). It is an interventional radiology/surgical procedure in which the renal pelvis is punctured whilst using imaging ... If the urine is clear, dye will be injected to delineate the renal pelvis and renal calyx. If the urine is turbid, it means the ...
Kidney disease and also affections of the renal pelvis and mesonephros. "Traumatische Leukämie," in "Deutsche Med. ...
Pus collects in the renal pelvis and causes distension of the kidney. It can cause kidney failure. Pyonephrosis is sometimes a ... If the second kidney is not healthy, only drainage of the kidney or puncture nephrostomy is performed. Pyelonephritis Nephrotic ... Pyonephrosis (Greek pyon "pus" + nephros "kidney") is an infection of the kidneys' collecting system. ... complication of kidney stones, which can be a source of persisting infection. It may also occur spontaneously. It can occur as ...
The gene shows low expression in the kidneys, liver, lung, and pelvis. There is no phenotype associated with this gene. The ...
Pyelonephritis is inflammation that results from a urinary tract infection that reaches the renal pelvis of the kidney. Lupus ... As the kidneys inflame, they begin to excrete needed protein from the affected individual's body into the urine stream. This ... "Pyelonephritis: Kidney Infection". www.niddk.nih.gov. Retrieved 2015-06-14. "Lupus Nephritis". www.niddk.nih.gov. Archived from ... Treatment (or management) of nephritis depends on what has provoked the inflammation of the kidney(s). In the case of lupus ...
The renal pelvis or pelvis of the kidney is the funnel-like dilated part of the ureter in the kidney. It is formed by the ... Like the bony pelvis, the renal pelvis (/ˈriːnəl ˈpɛlvɪs/) gets its English name via Neo-Latin from the older Latin word pelvis ... kidney stone may block all or part of the renal pelvis. The size of the renal pelvis plays a major role in the grading of ... The renal pelvis is the location of several kinds of kidney cancer and is affected by infection in pyelonephritis.[citation ...
... meaning that they were joined at the abdomen and the pelvis; they had between them an abdomen, pelvis, liver, kidney, large ... They were the first set of conjoined twins to be separated to share a kidney. Kendra retained their shared kidney following the ... I GOT A KIDNEY TRANSPLANT! , Herrin Twins. YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-09. Former family website, via ... Maliyah received another kidney transplant in May 2018, which has so far been successful. Following their separation surgery, ...
From anterior to posterior, the renal vein exits, the renal artery enters, and the renal pelvis exits the kidney. On the left ... renal artery and renal pelvis, respectively. Renal artery Renal vein Renal pyramids Renal medulla Hylus of kidney This article ... The renal hylus (Latin: hylus renale) or renal pedicle is the hylus of the kidney, that is, its recessed central fissure where ... The medial border of the kidney is concave in the center and convex toward either extremity; it is directed forward and a ...
... while structurally it is similar to the outer medulla of the mammalian kidney. In the avian kidney, the renal pelvis is absent ... The structure of the avian kidneys differs from the structure of the mammalian kidneys. The avian kidney is lobulated and ... the nephridia are analogous to the kidneys but nephridia are not kidneys. The first system that could claim to be true kidneys ... Kidneys can also be with a single renal papilla (the unipapillary kidneys), as in mice and rats, with several, as in spider ...
... that pass from the pelvis of each kidney into the bladder. From the renal pelvis, they descend on top of the psoas major muscle ... A kidney stone can move from the kidney and become lodged inside the ureter, which can block the flow of urine, as well as ... Ultrasound may be able to show evidence of blockage because of hydronephrosis of the kidneys and renal pelvis. CT scans, ... The affected kidney could then develop hydronephrosis, should a part of the kidney become swollen due to blocked flow of urine ...
... , is rare and abnormal condition in which the kidney drops down into the pelvis when the patient stands up. It is ... It is believed that flank pain on standing that is relieved by lying down is due to movement of the kidney causing intermittent ... Moss SW (1997). "Floating kidneys: a century of nephroptosis and nephropexy". J. Urol. 158 (3 Pt 1): 699-702. doi:10.1016/S0022 ... Nephropexy was performed in the past to stabilize the kidney, but presently surgery is not recommended in asymptomatic patients ...
Kidneys are normally located in the retroperitoneal space between the T12 and L3 vertebrae after ascending from the pelvis ... Kidney stones - deviant orientation of kidneys combined with slow urine flow and kidney obstruction may increase the risk of ... It is estimated 36% of patients with horseshoe kidneys will develop kidney stones. Kidney cancer - increased frequency of ... However, this is present in only 40% of cases, and, in 20% of cases, the fused kidney remains in the pelvis. Its ascension may ...
"Renal Pelvis and Ureter Cancer: Cancers of the Kidney and Urinary Tract: Merck Manual Home Health Handbook". v t e v t e ( ... In some contexts, the primary division is at the border of kidney and ureter, and in other contexts, the primary division is ... Treatment may involve removal of the kidney and ureter, or just the ureter. Classification of cancers often is oriented around ... Because of this, neoplasia of the ureters are sometimes grouped with tumors of the renal pelvis. Ureteral cancer Shimoyama Y, ...
... needle is passed into the pelvis of the kidney. The position of the needle is confirmed by fluoroscopy. A guide wire is passed ... Contrast is diluted to the ratio of 1:3. If the ureteric catheter is placed in the upper pole of the kidney, it should be ... The needle is then withdrawn with the guide wire still inside the pelvis. Over the guide wire the dilators are passed and a ... The most difficult portion of the procedure is creating the tract between the kidney and the flank skin. Most of the time this ...
... or urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis. The renal pelvis is the part of the kidney that collects urine and drains it into ... Stage 1 kidney cancer Stage 2 kidney cancer Stage 3 kidney cancer Stage 4 kidney cancer Treatment for kidney cancer depends on ... "Cancer of the Kidney and Renal Pelvis - SEER Stat Fact Sheets". National Cancer Institute, U.S. National Institutes of Health. ... "Cancer of the Kidney and Renal Pelvis - Cancer Stat Facts". SEER. Retrieved 30 May 2019. "Cancer today". IARC. Retrieved 30 May ...
CTA can be used to examine blood vessels in many key areas of the body including the brain, kidneys, pelvis, and the lungs. ... The use of CTA in people with kidney failure, kidney disease or long-standing severe diabetes should be weighed carefully as ... recent studies have shown that the risk of kidney injury caused by contrast agent in patients with no history of kidney ... While CTA is great for imaging of the kidneys, it lacks the ability to perform procedures at the same time. Thus traditional ...
As a result, he was injured with a .38-caliber bullet that pierced through his pelvis, kidney, and lung, stopping near his ... or that a hit might risk damage to his remaining kidney. He sued the university, but before the case went to court, former NFL ... heart (where the bullet still remains). He was hospitalized for 2+1⁄2 weeks, lost a kidney, and spent two months eating only ...
The abdominopelvic cavity can be divided into the abdominal cavity, enclosed by the ribcage and pelvis and contains the kidneys ... ureters, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas; and the pelvic cavity, enclosed by the pelvis and contains ...
Localization in the kidney and renal pelvis has been the most frequent and better known occurrence followed by that in the ... masses with variable extension into adjacent fat and connective tissue can occur in cases involving organs such as kidney and ...
The renal sinus is a cavity within the kidney which is occupied by the renal pelvis, renal calyces, blood vessels, nerves and ... The renal hilum extends into a large cavity within the kidney occupied by the renal vessels, minor renal calyces, major renal ... Kidney anatomy, All stub articles, Genitourinary system stubs). ... calyces, renal pelvis and some adipose tissue. Renal sinus ...
When located in the pelvis they are sometimes difficult to differentiate from kidney stones in the ureters on X-ray. ... These are very common in the veins of the lower part of the pelvis, and they are generally of no clinical importance. ...
... unilateral long kidney) or the pelvis of the crossed kidney faces laterally (unilateral "S" shaped kidney). Urogram is ... The ureter of the lower kidney crosses the midline to enter the bladder on the contralateral side. Both renal pelves can lie ... Crossed dystopia (syn.unilateral fusion cross fused renal ectopia) is a rare form of renal ectopia where both kidneys are on ... v t e (All articles with unsourced statements, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020, Kidney anatomy, All stub ...
Blood enters the kidney through the renal artery, which in the multilobar kidney branches in the area of the renal pelvis into ... malposition of the kidneys, horseshoe kidney and nephroblastoma. Non-infectious diseases of the kidney include acute kidney ... Bovine kidneys also lack renal pelvis, urine from the major calices is excreted directly into the ureter. Kidneys can be ... The simplest type of kidney in mammals is the unipapillary kidney, consisting of a cortex, medulla, and renal pelvis. But the ...
Pyelostomy followed by valve ablation - stoma is made in the pelvis of the kidney as a slightly high diversion, after which the ... Incontinence Urinary tract infection Renal failure Vesicoureteral reflux Chronic kidney disease Oligohydramnios Abdominal ...
Simultaneous work by Simonsen and René Küss found that placing the donor kidney in the pelvis was preferable to a superficial ... ISBN 978-0-8229-4413-3. Hamilton, David (2013). "Kidney Transplantation: A History". In Peter Morris (ed.). Kidney ... In 1960 with Ralph Shackman, he carried out some of the earliest kidney transplants in the UK. Dempster retired to his home in ... "The Anurias following Kidney Transplantation", Journal of Internal Medicine, Vol. 148, Issue 2, January/December 1954, pp. 91- ...
... pelvis) of the kidney), cystitis, and acute backache. She had written in her blog that she had kidney problems and inflammation ...
... inflammation of the pelvis of the kidney, dyspepsia (gastric troubles), pyrosis and gastric ulcer. In the case of gastric ...
... infection of the kidney, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder or urethra), bleeding, bruising, weight gain, hypercholesterolaemia ( ...
... and environmental scientist Mindi Messmer has linked exposure to Saint-Gobain's PFAS emissions with kidney and renal pelvis ...
... showing the pelvis, bladder, ureters, and kidneys. The kidney on the right is in the normal position, several inches above the ... The kidney on the left is an ectopic kidney, just a couple of inches above ... Drawing of a pelvic ectopic kidney labeled, showing the pelvis, bladder, ureters, and kidneys. The kidney on the right is in ... Drawing of a pelvic ectopic kidney labeled, showing the pelvis, bladder, ureters, and kidneys. The kidney on the right is in ...
Human Gross Anatomy - Cases for Pelvis, Perineum, and Kidney. [ SBMP ] [ Cases ] [ Answers ] Clinical Correlation: Pelvis and ...
Three 2009 articles on MDCT kidney imaging, including renal vasculature angiography, and adrenal tumor assessment. ... Home › Article › Abdomen and Pelvis Kidneys (Multiphasic) 2009. Abdomen and Pelvis Kidneys (Multiphasic) 2009. ...
Three 2007 articles on MDCT imaging of the kidney, covering renal cell carcinoma stage and detection of venous spread, and ... Home › Article › Abdomen and Pelvis Kidneys (Multiphasic) 2007. Abdomen and Pelvis Kidneys (Multiphasic) 2007. ... Vercelli A., Serassi M., Cuccioli F. Evaluation and management of kidney lesions: comparison of 16-MDCT and magnetic resonance ...
Renal Pelvis and Ureter Cancer - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment from the MSD Manuals - Medical ... However, in some situations-for example, when the kidneys are not functioning well or a person has only one kidney-the kidney ... Cancers of the renal pelvis and ureter are much less common than cancers of the rest of the kidney or bladder. They probably ... Cancer can occur in the cells lining the central collecting area of the kidney (the renal pelvis-usually a type called ...
... kidney and renal pelvis; urinary bladder; and acute myeloid leukemia.6. The ICD-O-3 site and histology codes used to define ... kidney (renal cell), liver, ovary, pancreas, and thyroid; meningioma, and multiple myeloma.4 ...
Kidney & Renal Pelvis, 2016-2020. All Races (includes Hispanic), Both Sexes, All Ages. Sorted by Recentaapc. Explanation of ...
Kidney & Renal Pelvis, 2016-2020. All Races (includes Hispanic), Both Sexes, All Ages. Sorted by Rate. Explanation of Column ...
Kidney and renal pelvis - 0.6. International statistics. A study reviewing non-Hodgkin lymphoma rates in Canada between 1970 ...
with J. C. Davis: Sheehan, H. L.; Davis, J. C. (October 1959). "Anatomy of the pelvis in the rabbit kidney". J Anat. 93(Pt 4) ( ... Sheehan, H. L. (26 June 1931). "The deposition of dyes in the mammalian kidney". J Physiol. 72 (2): 201-246. doi:10.1113/ ... on the deposition of dyes in the mammalian kidney. In 1932 Sheehan graduated MSc with a thesis on renal elimination of injected ... he clarified the effects of eclampsia upon the liver and kidneys, he identified the encephalopathy of hyperemesis gravidarum as ...
Martin, A. D., & Peters, C. A. (2014). Do not judge a kidney by its pelvis: A rare case of an unobstructed dilated renal pelvis ... Do not judge a kidney by its pelvis: A rare case of an unobstructed dilated renal pelvis. / Martin, Aaron D.; Peters, Craig A. ... Martin, AD & Peters, CA 2014, Do not judge a kidney by its pelvis: A rare case of an unobstructed dilated renal pelvis, ... Do not judge a kidney by its pelvis: A rare case of an unobstructed dilated renal pelvis. Urology Case Reports. 2014 Mar;2(2): ...
Pelvis, Pituitary, Spine, Spleen) answers are found in the Daviss Lab & Diagnostic Tests powered by Unbound Medicine. ... Kidneys, Pancreas, Pelvis, Pituitary, Spine, Spleen)." Daviss Lab & Diagnostic Tests, 7th ed., F.A. Davis Company, 2017. ... Kidneys, Pancreas, Pelvis, Pituitary, Spine, Spleen) [Internet]. In: Daviss Lab & Diagnostic Tests. F.A. Davis Company; 2017 ... Kidneys_Pancreas_Pelvis_Pituitary_Spine_Spleen_ PB - F.A. Davis Company ET - 7 DB - Nursing Central DP - Unbound Medicine ER - ...
... renal pelvis stone, bladder stones,ureteral stones,it has the function of Clearing heat and promoting diuresis,promoting blood ... Shenshitong Keli is for the treatmenst of kidney stones, ... Shenshitong Keli for kidney stones renal pelvis stone or ... Shenshitong Keli for kidney stones renal pelvis stone or ureteral stones. *Model: HERB-STRANGURIA-13 ... Yougui Wan for impotence and nocturnal emission kidney yang deficiency. Qianlieshu Wan for chronic prostatitis and prostatic ...
Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis, Kidneys. 2019 Apr 5. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2019 Jan ... Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis, Kidney Nerves. 2019 Mar 27. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; ... Evaluation of a Kidney Stone Patient in the ER: Emergency Medicine Oral Board Review. Editors: Gossman, W and Plantz, S: McGraw ... Evaluation of a Kidney Stone Patient in the ER.: Emergency Medicine Oral Board Review. Editors: Gossman, W and Plantz, S: ...
Malignant neoplasm of right kidney, except renal pelvis C64.2 Malignant neoplasm of left kidney, except renal pelvis ... Malignant neoplasm of connective and soft tissue of pelvis C49.6 Malignant neoplasm of connective and soft tissue of trunk, ...
Kidney and Renal Pelvis 29030 Ureter 29040 Other Urinary Organs 30000 Eye and Orbit 31010-31040 Brain and Other Nervous System ...
This computer illustration shows a kidney stone in the renal pelvis. Although a major component of kidney stones is calcum, a ... This Too Shall Pass: Avoid Kidney Stones Through Diet. Listen · 3:17 3:17 ... This Too Shall Pass: Avoid Kidney Stones Through Diet. by Allison Aubrey ...
The kidney remains in the pelvis instead of settling in the flank. ... It turned out that Pacheco had a "pelvic kidney," which occurs when a persons kidney does not ascend like it should as the ... Vazquez never confirmed what was on the images or discussed the images with Kugler and Britt before removing Pachecos kidney, ... The doctors also failed to ensure that Vazquez knew she had a pelvic kidney prior to surgery, the lawsuit said. ...
Diagnostics and therapy kidney(pelvis). Contrast radiography, renal function scintigraphy, kidney stone treatment with direct ... From kidney stones and urinary tract infections to erection problems, fertility issues and prostate cancer - specialist know- ... reflection PNL)/nephrostomy/shattering (ESWL), drug therapy/removal of kidney and ureter for cancer, renal pelvoplasty. ...
Kidney & Renal Pelvis 74. Urinary Bladder 55. Melanoma of the Skin 50. ...
In 2017, 13,960 people died from cancers of the kidney and renal pelvis. ... Inflammation of the kidney. National Kidney Foundation via Facebook In 2017, doctors blamed 50,633 deaths on nephritis, ... Kidney cancer. Anne-Christine Poujoulat/AFP/Getty Images ... These disorders involve inflammation of the kidneys and ... Here, a health care worker reviews scans as doctors treat a patient with kidney cancer. ...
Ultrasound of lesser pelvis and of solitary kidney did not reveal any abnormality. Urologist was consulted; however, the cause ... In lesser pelvis adhesions from previous laparotomy were noted. Surgery confirmed presence of intestinal contents in abdominal ... skinny females whose past medical history includes surgery of the lesser pelvis [7, 8]. In our case, on the contrary, BMI level ...
kidney and renal pelvis: ICD-8 and ICD-9: 189.0-1; ICD-10: C64-C65 ...
National Cancer Institute: SEER Cancer Stat Fact Sheets: Kidney and Renal Pelvis. Available from: https://seer.cancer.gov/ ... www.cancer.org/cancer/kidney-cancer/about/what-is-kidney-cancer.html. Accessed May 2019. ... Journal of Kidney Cancer and VHL. 2017;4(1):8-15.. *Motzer R, et al. Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab versus Sunitinib in Advanced ... "A kidney cancer diagnosis is life-changing for both patients and their loved ones, and having a treatment strategy for their ...
Kidney cancer symptoms are hard to detect at first but they do exist. Read more about the top 5 symptoms and the treatment ... Advances in Kidney Cancer Research (National Cancer Institute) * Cancer of the Kidney and Renal Pelvis (National Cancer ... Kidneys and Urinary Tract (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation) Also in Spanish * Your Kidneys and How They Work (National ... Key Statistics About Kidney Cancer (American Cancer Society) Also in Spanish * Kidney Cancer (Centers for Disease Control and ...
Doctors got a surprise when they accidentally discovered that their patient had three kidneys. ... one of the pelvis kidneys was directly connected to the bladder via a ureter. However, the ureter of the other pelvis kidney ... Above, the CT scan showing the mans three kidneys: A normal-appearing kidney on the mans left side, and two kidneys fused at ... a normal-looking kidney on his left side and two fused kidneys located near the pelvis, the report said. ...
... and role of the kidneys with Innerbodys interactive 3D model. ... The renal pelvis exits the kidney at the renal hilus, where ... While a person could live with only one functioning kidney, our kidneys are vital organs; the loss of both kidneys would lead ... From the renal pelvis urine from many collecting ducts combines and flows out of the kidneys and into the ureters. ... The left kidney is located slightly more superior than the right kidney due to the larger size of the liver on the right side ...
  • The kidney on the right is in the normal position, several inches above the bladder. (nih.gov)
  • An ectopic kidney may remain in the pelvis, near the bladder. (nih.gov)
  • Cancer can occur in the cells lining the central collecting area of the kidney (the renal pelvis-usually a type called urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis) and in the slender tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the bladder (ureters). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cancers of the renal pelvis and ureter are much less common than cancers of the rest of the kidney or bladder. (msdmanuals.com)
  • If the cancer has not spread beyond the area of the renal pelvis and ureter, the usual treatment is surgical removal of the entire kidney and ureter (nephroureterectomy) along with a small part of the bladder. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Some cancers in the renal pelvis and ureter (for example, some low-grade and low-risk cancers) are treated with a laser to destroy the cancer cells or with surgery that removes only the cancer itself while leaving the kidney, the noncancerous portion of the ureter, and the bladder in place. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Usually, each kidney is connected to the bladder through a single duct called a ureter. (livescience.com)
  • In the man's case, one of the pelvis kidneys was directly connected to the bladder via a ureter. (livescience.com)
  • However, the ureter of the other pelvis kidney joined the ureter of the normal, left-side kidney before it entered the bladder. (livescience.com)
  • The urinary system includes your kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • The organs of the urinary system include kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Waste products and pee move from your kidneys through your ureters and to your bladder. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • The kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra make up the urinary system. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • These two thin tubes inside your pelvis carry pee from your kidneys to your bladder. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Many conditions can affect your ureters, kidneys, bladder and urethra. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can cause issues with your kidneys, urethra or bladder. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • The kidneys make urine, which is transported from the kidneys to the bladder by the ureters, long muscular tubes which connect the kidneys with the bladder. (limamemorial.org)
  • The vessels of the new kidney are connected to the vessels leading to the right leg (the iliac vessels), and the ureter is sutured to the bladder. (limamemorial.org)
  • Approximately 15 percent of kidney neoplasms are in the renal pelvis and appear to be caused by the same carcinogens as bladder cancer, while the remaining 85 percent are in the parenchyma and have an apparently different etiology. (cdc.gov)
  • Treatment is removal of the kidney and ureter. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, if the cancer has spread into the wall of the renal pelvis or ureter or to distant sites, cure is unlikely. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Contrast radiography, renal function scintigraphy, kidney stone treatment with direct reflection PNL)/nephrostomy/shattering (ESWL), drug therapy/removal of kidney and ureter for cancer, renal pelvoplasty. (spitalmaennedorf.ch)
  • The indentation on the concave side of the kidney, known as the renal hilus, provides a space for the renal artery, renal vein, and ureter to enter the kidney. (innerbody.com)
  • The renal pelvis exits the kidney at the renal hilus, where urine drains into the ureter. (innerbody.com)
  • Kidney stones or ureteral stones (kidney stones that move to your ureter) can cause severe pain and block the flow of pee. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • To determine how extensive cancers are and how far they have spread, CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis and chest x-ray or CT of the chest are done. (msdmanuals.com)
  • You have two kidneys, one on either side of the back of your abdomen, just below your rib cage. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • The kidneys are paired organs that lie posterior to the abdomen, in the area of the lower back. (limamemorial.org)
  • The following conditions each represent 1 percent or more of diagnostic radiology claims: subarachnoid hemorrhage, malignant neoplasm of colon, malignant neoplasm of pancreas, cerebral thrombosis with infarction, acute cerebrovascular accident (CVA), cerebral aneurysm, pelvis fracture, ankle fracture, and intracranial abscess. (thedoctors.com)
  • Although retinal tumors are visualized best on sonograms, the kidneys and pancreas can be imaged by using MRI sonograms and/or CT scans. (medscape.com)
  • It turned out that Pacheco had a "pelvic kidney," which occurs when a person's kidney does not ascend like it should as the organs develop in utero. (ajc.com)
  • The man didn't have any symptoms of a kidney problem, and the organs appeared to be working normally. (livescience.com)
  • The kidneys are a pair of organs found along the posterior muscular wall of the abdominal cavity. (innerbody.com)
  • Unlike the other abdominal organs, the kidneys lie behind the peritoneum that lines the abdominal cavity and are thus considered to be retroperitoneal organs. (innerbody.com)
  • The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. (healthline.com)
  • Two kidneys (blood-filtering organs). (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Tests to diagnose kidney cancer include blood, urine, and imaging tests. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Each kidney contains around 1 million individual nephrons, the kidneys' microscopic functional units that filter blood to produce urine. (innerbody.com)
  • The renal tubule carries urine from the glomerular capsule to the renal pelvis. (innerbody.com)
  • The kidneys filter out waste from your blood and make urine. (healthline.com)
  • Renal pelvis carcinoma starts in the part of the kidney where urine is collected. (healthline.com)
  • The left kidney is located slightly more superior than the right kidney due to the larger size of the liver on the right side of the body. (innerbody.com)
  • I had a fractured pelvis, ruptured kidney, liver tear, cracked ribs and the metal plate in my right forearm. (cureepilepsy.org)
  • CTVT (primary tumor) = GTVT + 3 cm cranio-caudal and 1 cm radial margin, with corrections for natural anatomic boundaries (such as the heart, lungs, skeletal structures, kidneys, and liver). (cancercentrum.se)
  • According to the American Cancer Society, there are many genetic and hereditary risk factors for kidney cancer which means these factors cannot be changed. (nj.us)
  • From kidney stones and urinary tract infections to erection problems, fertility issues and prostate cancer - specialist know-how meets state-of-the-art medical technology. (spitalmaennedorf.ch)
  • A few days later, a hospital pathologist discovered that the mass was not cancer -- it was Pacheco's left kidney. (ajc.com)
  • Kidney cancer forms in the lining of tiny tubes inside your kidneys. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Kidney cancer becomes more likely as you age. (medlineplus.gov)
  • What Is Kidney Cancer? (medlineplus.gov)
  • Can Kidney Cancer Be Found Early? (medlineplus.gov)
  • What's New in Kidney Cancer Research and Treatment? (medlineplus.gov)
  • Burlington County is ranked 2nd highest in the state for rates of kidney and renal pelvis cancer. (nj.us)
  • There are different types of cancer that can affect your kidneys. (healthline.com)
  • The National Cancer Institute (NCI) estimates that there were more than 76,000 new cases of kidney cancer diagnosed in the United States in 2021, making up about 4 percent of all new cancers diagnosed for that year. (healthline.com)
  • While the incidence of kidney cancer appears to be increasing, the NCI also notes a steadily decreasing death rate from this cancer. (healthline.com)
  • Read on to learn important facts about kidney cancer you can discuss with your doctor, including possible symptoms, causes, treatments, and more. (healthline.com)
  • What are the signs and symptoms of kidney cancer? (healthline.com)
  • Kidney cancer doesn't usually cause any symptoms in its early stages when the mass is small. (healthline.com)
  • What is known about the evolution of kidney cancer is that it's similar to the development of all cancers - in that it begins with abnormal cells in the body that grow and develop into tumors. (healthline.com)
  • So with kidney cancer, these abnormal cells first develop in your kidneys and may spread to other areas of the body. (healthline.com)
  • According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), smoking is the most prevalent risk factor for developing kidney cancer. (healthline.com)
  • There are also several inherited conditions that can increase your risk of kidney cancer. (healthline.com)
  • What are the types of kidney cancer? (healthline.com)
  • As many as 9 out of 10 kidney cancers are this type, making RCC is the most common type of kidney cancer, according to the American Cancer Society (ACS) . (healthline.com)
  • While not as common, renal sarcoma is a type of kidney cancer that starts in connective tissues or blood vessels. (healthline.com)
  • It is the most common type of kidney cancer in children under the age of 5 and may also occur in some adults. (healthline.com)
  • A diagnosis of kidney cancer requires a complete history and physical exam . (healthline.com)
  • Cancer of the kidney was reviewed. (cdc.gov)
  • Occupational kidney cancer is a relatively recently identified disease and the occurrence and etiology is poorly understood at present. (cdc.gov)
  • For occupational kidney cancer, the prime challenge in terms of research is to identify the extent of occurrence and etiology. (cdc.gov)
  • The percentage of kidney cancers attributed to occupational factors has not been reported, since there is too little data for useful estimates. (cdc.gov)
  • The relevancy of findings of kidney cancers in experimental animals to humans is questionable. (cdc.gov)
  • The images showed that Pacheco had a pelvic kidney. (ajc.com)
  • The doctors also failed to ensure that Vazquez knew she had a pelvic kidney prior to surgery, the lawsuit said. (ajc.com)
  • Ultrasonography There are a variety of tests that can be used in the evaluation of a suspected kidney or urinary tract disorder. (msdmanuals.com)
  • CT and often ultrasonography can help doctors distinguish other noncancerous (benign) kidney and ureteral problems such as stones or blood clots. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Abdominal ultrasonography showed the presence of asymmetric kidneys, decreased corticomedullary definition, presence of a cyst on the left kidney and moderate renal pelvis dilatation on the right kidney. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Kidney stones are small masses that form when waste products clump together. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • She suffered brain damage, a broken pelvis, kidney damage and blood in her lungs and was in a coma for more than a month. (mirror.co.uk)
  • Donor kidneys are obtained from either brain-dead organ donors, or from living relatives or friends of the recipient. (limamemorial.org)
  • Dynamic renal scintigraphy (technetium [Tc]-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid) revealed a single functioning kidney on the left. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Static renal scintigraphy (Tc-dimercaptosuccinic acid) exhibited renal activity practically restricted to the left kidney (relative uptake was 99% for the left kidney and 1% for the right kidney). (iasp-pain.org)
  • Results of renal scintigraphy showed that the left kidney was compensating for the lack of function of the right one. (iasp-pain.org)
  • There is considerable international variation in the incidence of kidney tumors, and it occurs in males at twice the frequency of females. (cdc.gov)
  • The condition is thought to arise during embryonic development, when a structure that typically forms a single kidney splits in two. (livescience.com)
  • Next to it appears a detailed cut-away view through a single kidney identifying its major structures. (smartimagebase.com)
  • Inflammation of the kidney, beginning at the level of the thousands of microscopic glomeruli. (infovets.com)
  • The kidneys are bean-shaped with the convex side of each organ located laterally and the concave side medial. (innerbody.com)
  • The renal arteries branch directly from the abdominal aorta and enter the kidneys through the renal hilus. (innerbody.com)
  • The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances published by NIOSH indicates that 174 substances have been found to cause kidney tumors in animals or humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Download Media Please credit each image as: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health. (nih.gov)
  • No alterations on physical examination were observed other than mild pain on palpation of the right kidney. (iasp-pain.org)
  • A once relatively common childhood kidney disease that causes the kidney to leak protein. (sedgleymanor.com)
  • The ribs and muscles of the back protect the kidneys from external damage. (innerbody.com)
  • The MRIs also showed that the kidney was functional, the document said. (ajc.com)
  • Kidney transplant recipients are required to take immunosuppressive medications for the rest of the lives, to prevent immune rejection of the transplanted organ. (limamemorial.org)
  • Above, the CT scan showing the man's three kidneys: A normal-appearing kidney on the man's left side, and two kidneys fused at the pelvis. (livescience.com)
  • Instead of the usual two kidneys seen in a typical person, the man had three: a normal-looking kidney on his left side and two fused kidneys located near the pelvis, the report said. (livescience.com)
  • In most cases, the recipient's native kidneys are left in place, and the transplanted kidney performs all the functions that both kidneys perform in healthy people. (limamemorial.org)
  • Surgical incision into any part of the kidney. (bvsalud.org)
  • Surgical incision into the KIDNEY PELVIS. (bvsalud.org)
  • Surgical creation of an artificial opening into the KIDNEY PELVIS. (bvsalud.org)
  • A Florida woman recently settled a medical malpractice lawsuit against a surgeon who removed her fully-functioning kidney during a 2016 spinal surgery. (ajc.com)
  • Having three kidneys is rare, with fewer than 100 cases reported in the medical literature. (livescience.com)
  • Having three kidneys is rare, with fewer than 100 cases reported in the medical literature, according to a 2013 report of a similar case published in The Internet Journal of Radiology . (livescience.com)