Conditions characterized by deficiencies of comprehension or expression of written and spoken forms of language. These include acquired and developmental disorders.
Conditions characterized by language abilities (comprehension and expression of speech and writing) that are below the expected level for a given age, generally in the absence of an intellectual impairment. These conditions may be associated with DEAFNESS; BRAIN DISEASES; MENTAL DISORDERS; or environmental factors.
Procedures for assisting a person with a speech or language disorder to communicate with maximum efficiency.
Acquired or developmental conditions marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or generate spoken forms of language.
Tests designed to assess language behavior and abilities. They include tests of vocabulary, comprehension, grammar and functional use of language, e.g., Development Sentence Scoring, Receptive-Expressive Emergent Language Scale, Parsons Language Sample, Utah Test of Language Development, Michigan Language Inventory and Verbal Language Development Scale, Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities, Northwestern Syntax Screening Test, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Ammons Full-Range Picture Vocabulary Test, and Assessment of Children's Language Comprehension.
A group of cognitive disorders characterized by the inability to perform previously learned skills that cannot be attributed to deficits of motor or sensory function. The two major subtypes of this condition are ideomotor (see APRAXIA, IDEOMOTOR) and ideational apraxia, which refers to loss of the ability to mentally formulate the processes involved with performing an action. For example, dressing apraxia may result from an inability to mentally formulate the act of placing clothes on the body. Apraxias are generally associated with lesions of the dominant PARIETAL LOBE and supramarginal gyrus. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp56-7)
Rehabilitation of persons with language disorders or training of children with language development disorders.
The gradual expansion in complexity and meaning of symbols and sounds as perceived and interpreted by the individual through a maturational and learning process. Stages in development include babbling, cooing, word imitation with cognition, and use of short sentences.
Measurement of parameters of the speech product such as vocal tone, loudness, pitch, voice quality, articulation, resonance, phonation, phonetic structure and prosody.
The artificial language of schizophrenic patients - neologisms (words of the patient's own making with new meanings).
A cognitive disorder marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or express language in its written or spoken form. This condition is caused by diseases which affect the language areas of the dominant hemisphere. Clinical features are used to classify the various subtypes of this condition. General categories include receptive, expressive, and mixed forms of aphasia.
Marked impairments in the development of motor coordination such that the impairment interferes with activities of daily living. (From DSM-V)
Involuntary discharge of URINE after expected age of completed development of urinary control. This can happen during the daytime (DIURNAL ENURESIS) while one is awake or during sleep (NOCTURNAL ENURESIS). Enuresis can be in children or in adults (as persistent primary enuresis and secondary adult-onset enuresis).
An aphasia characterized by impairment of expressive LANGUAGE (speech, writing, signs) and relative preservation of receptive language abilities (i.e., comprehension). This condition is caused by lesions of the motor association cortex in the FRONTAL LOBE (BROCA AREA and adjacent cortical and white matter regions).
The language and sounds expressed by a child at a particular maturational stage in development.
A cognitive disorder characterized by an impaired ability to comprehend written and printed words or phrases despite intact vision. This condition may be developmental or acquired. Developmental dyslexia is marked by reading achievement that falls substantially below that expected given the individual's chronological age, measured intelligence, and age-appropriate education. The disturbance in reading significantly interferes with academic achievement or with activities of daily living that require reading skills. (From DSM-IV)
A system of hand gestures used for communication by the deaf or by people speaking different languages.
The science or study of speech sounds and their production, transmission, and reception, and their analysis, classification, and transcription. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
A subclass of winged helix DNA-binding proteins that share homology with their founding member fork head protein, Drosophila.
A verbal or nonverbal means of communicating ideas or feelings.
Specific languages used to prepare computer programs.
Computer processing of a language with rules that reflect and describe current usage rather than prescribed usage.
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
The science of language, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and historical linguistics. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
Tests designed to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors. They are used in diagnosing brain dysfunction or damage and central nervous system disorders or injury.
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.
A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.
Skills in the use of language which lead to proficiency in written or spoken communication.
Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.
Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.
Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.
The relationships between symbols and their meanings.
A research and development program initiated by the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE to build knowledge sources for the purpose of aiding the development of systems that help health professionals retrieve and integrate biomedical information. The knowledge sources can be used to link disparate information systems to overcome retrieval problems caused by differences in terminology and the scattering of relevant information across many databases. The three knowledge sources are the Metathesaurus, the Semantic Network, and the Specialist Lexicon.
Includes both producing and responding to words, either written or spoken.
Categorical classification of MENTAL DISORDERS based on criteria sets with defining features. It is produced by the American Psychiatric Association. (DSM-IV, page xxii)
A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)
A discipline concerned with relations between messages and the characteristics of individuals who select and interpret them; it deals directly with the processes of encoding (phonetics) and decoding (psychoacoustics) as they relate states of messages to states of communicators.
Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements.
The act or fact of grasping the meaning, nature, or importance of; understanding. (American Heritage Dictionary, 4th ed) Includes understanding by a patient or research subject of information disclosed orally or in writing.
Marked depression appearing in the involution period and characterized by hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, and agitation.
Those factors, such as language or sociocultural relationships, which interfere in the meaningful interpretation and transmission of ideas between individuals or groups.
A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.
A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)
'Reading' in a medical context often refers to the act or process of a person interpreting and comprehending written or printed symbols, such as letters or words, for the purpose of deriving information or meaning from them.
An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.
The continuous developmental process of a culture from simple to complex forms and from homogeneous to heterogeneous qualities.
Behavioral manifestations of cerebral dominance in which there is preferential use and superior functioning of either the left or the right side, as in the preferred use of the right hand or right foot.
A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month. There are various forms of post-traumatic stress disorder, depending on the time of onset and the duration of these stress symptoms. In the acute form, the duration of the symptoms is between 1 to 3 months. In the chronic form, symptoms last more than 3 months. With delayed onset, symptoms develop more than 6 months after the traumatic event.
An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension.
Imaging techniques used to colocalize sites of brain functions or physiological activity with brain structures.
Persons with any degree of loss of hearing that has an impact on their activities of daily living or that requires special assistance or intervention.
Conversion from one language to another language.
Treatment for individuals with speech defects and disorders that involves counseling and use of various exercises and aids to help the development of new speech habits.
Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)
Disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.
Disorders related to substance abuse.
Anxiety disorders in which the essential feature is persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that the individual feels compelled to avoid. The individual recognizes the fear as excessive or unreasonable.
Learning to respond verbally to a verbal stimulus cue.
Disorders of the quality of speech characterized by the substitution, omission, distortion, and addition of phonemes.
Dominance of one cerebral hemisphere over the other in cerebral functions.

Specific temporoparietal gyral atrophy reflects the pattern of language dissolution in Alzheimer's disease. (1/424)

The aim of this study was to determine the topography and degree of atrophy in speech and language-associated cortical gyri in Alzheimer's disease. The post-mortem brains of 10 patients with pathologically confirmed Alzheimer's disease and 21 neurological and neuropathological controls were sectioned in serial 3 mm coronal slices and grey and white matter volumes were determined for specific cortical gyri. All Alzheimer's disease patients had prospectively documented impairments in verbal and semantic memory with concomitant global decline. The cortical regions of interest included the planum temporale, Heschl's gyri, the anterior superior temporal gyri, the middle and inferior temporal gyri, area 37 at the inferior temporoparietal junction, areas 40 and 39 (supramarginal and angular gyri) and Broca's frontal regions. Although most patients had end-stage disease, the language-associated cortical regions were affected to different degrees, with some regions free of atrophy. These included Broca's regions in the frontal lobe and Heschl's gyri on the superior surface of the temporal lobe. In contrast, the inferior temporal and temporoparietal gyri (area 37) were severely reduced in volume. The phonological processing regions in the superior temporal gyri (the planum temporale) were also atrophic in all Alzheimer's disease patients while the anterior superior temporal gyri were only atrophic in female patients. Such atrophy may underlie the more severe language impairments previously described in females with Alzheimer's disease. The present study is the first to analyse the volumes of language-associated gyri in post-mortem patients with confirmed Alzheimer's disease. The results show that atrophy is not global but site-specific. Atrophied gyri appear to reflect a specific network of language and semantic memory dissolution seen in the clinical features of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Females showed greater atrophy than males in the anterior superior temporal gyri.  (+info)

"What" and "how": evidence for the dissociation of object knowledge and mechanical problem-solving skills in the human brain. (2/424)

Patients with profound semantic deterioration resulting from temporal lobe atrophy have been reported to use many real objects appropriately. Does this preserved ability reflect (i) a separate component of the conceptual knowledge system ("action semantics") or (ii) the operation of a system that is independent of conceptual knowledge of specific objects, and rather is responsible for general mechanical problem-solving skills, triggered by object affordances? We contrast the performance of three patients-two with semantic dementia and focal temporal lobe atrophy and the third with corticobasal degeneration and biparietal atrophy-on tests of real object identification and usage, picture-based tests of functional semantic knowledge, and a task requiring selection and use of novel tools. The patient with corticobasal degeneration showed poor novel tool selection and impaired use of real objects, despite near normal semantic knowledge of the same objects' functions. The patients with semantic dementia had the expected deficit in object identification and functional semantics, but achieved flawless and effortless performance on the novel tool task. Their attempts to use this same mechanical problem-solving ability to deduce (sometimes successfully but often incorrectly) the use of the real objects provide no support for the hypothesis of a separate action-semantic system. Although the temporal lobe system clearly is necessary to identify "what" an object is, we suggest that sensory inputs to a parietal "how" system can trigger the use of objects without reference to object-specific conceptual knowledge.  (+info)

A problem with auditory processing? (3/424)

Recent studies have found associations between auditory processing deficits and language disorders such as dyslexia; but whether the former cause the latter, or simply co-occur with them, is still an open question.  (+info)

Semantic processing deficits in patients with Parkinson's disease: degraded representation or defective retrieval? (4/424)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether degraded representations (characterized by small differences between word sense frequencies), or defective competitive processes (high levels of word sense lateral inhibition), individually or jointly, can give rise to parkinsonian semantic deficits. DESIGN: Computer model of semantic processing. OUTCOME MEASURES: Correct sense selection, defined by the activation of the word sense unit that first reaches the 0.5 activation threshold. If Parkinson disease (PD)-like errors are observed only at high levels of lateral inhibition, independently of low or high sense frequency deltas (SFDs), this would indicate that a defective competitive process alone could account for the errors. Alternatively, if PD-like errors were observed at any level of lateral inhibition, exclusively with low SFD words, this would indicate that degraded representations alone could account for the errors. RESULTS: Neither degraded representations nor defective competitive processes alone can account for parkinsonian semantic errors. An interaction between the 2, however, correctly reproduces both increased errors and longer latency responses. CONCLUSIONS: Competing explanations for semantic deficits in patients with Parkinson's disease need to be integrated in order to develop effective interventions (e.g., estimating the amount of context required to improve semantic processing performance).  (+info)

Abnormal angular gyrus asymmetry in schizophrenia. (5/424)

OBJECTIVE: Few studies have evaluated the parietal lobe in schizophrenia despite the fact that it has an important role in attention, memory, and language-all functions that have been reported to be abnormal in schizophrenia. The inferior parietal lobule, in particular, is of interest because it is not only part of the heteromodal association cortex but also is part of the semantic-lexical network, which also includes the planum temporale. Both the inferior parietal lobule, particularly the angular gyrus of the inferior parietal lobule, and the planum temporale are brain regions that play a critical role as biological substrates of language and thought. The authors compared volume and asymmetry measures of the individual gyri of the parietal lobe by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. METHOD: MRI scans with a 1. 5-Tesla magnet were obtained from 15 male chronic schizophrenic and 15 comparison subjects matched for age, gender, and parental socioeconomic status. RESULTS: Inferior parietal lobule volumes showed a leftward asymmetry (left 7.0% larger than right) in comparison subjects and a reversed asymmetry (left 6.3% smaller than right) in schizophrenic subjects. The angular gyrus accounted for this difference in asymmetry, with the left angular gyrus being significantly larger (18.7%) than the right in comparison subjects, a finding that was not observed in schizophrenic patients. A further test of angular gyrus asymmetry showed a reversal of the normal left-greater-than-right asymmetry in the schizophrenic patients. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with schizophrenia showed a reversed asymmetry in the inferior parietal lobule that was localized to the angular gyrus, a structure belonging to the heteromodal association cortex as well as being part of the semantic-lexical network. This finding contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the neural substrates of language and thought disorder in schizophrenia.  (+info)

Pathological switching between languages after frontal lesions in a bilingual patient. (6/424)

Cerebral lesions may alter the capability of bilingual subjects to separate their languages and use each language in appropriate contexts. Patients who show pathological mixing intermingle different languages within a single utterance. By contrast, patients affected by pathological switching alternate their languages across different utterances (a self contained segment of speech that stands on its own and conveys its own independent meaning). Cases of pathological mixing have been reported after lesions to the left temporoparietal lobe. By contrast, information on the neural loci involved in pathological switching is scarce. In this paper a description is given for the first time of a patient with a lesion to the left anterior cingulate and to the frontal lobe-also marginally involving the right anterior cingulate area-who presented with pathological switching between languages in the absence of any other linguistic impairment. Thus, unlike pathological mixing that typically occurs in bilingual aphasia, pathological switching may be independent of language mechanisms.  (+info)

Neuropsychological consequences of cerebellar tumour resection in children: cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome in a paediatric population. (7/424)

Acquired cerebellar lesions in adults have been shown to produce impairments in higher function as exemplified by the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. It is not yet known whether similar findings occur in children with acquired cerebellar lesions, and whether developmental factors influence their presentation. In studies to date, survivors of childhood cerebellar tumours who demonstrate long-term deficits in cognitive functions have undergone surgery as well as cranial irradiation or methotrexate treatment. Investigation of the effects of the cerebellar lesion independent of the known deleterious effects of these agents is important for understanding the role of the cerebellum in cognitive and affective development and for informing treatment and rehabilitation strategies. If the cerebellar contribution to cognition and affect is significant, then damage in childhood may influence a wide range of psychological processes, both as an immediate consequence and as these processes fail to develop normally later on. In this study we evaluated neuropsychological data in 19 children who underwent resection of cerebellar tumours but who received neither cranial irradiation nor methotrexate chemotherapy. Impairments were noted in executive function, including planning and sequencing, and in visual-spatial function, expressive language, verbal memory and modulation of affect. These deficits were common and in some cases could be dissociated from motor deficits. Lesions of the vermis in particular were associated with dysregulation of affect. Behavioural deficits were more apparent in older than younger children. These results reveal that clinically relevant neuropsychological changes may occur following cerebellar tumour resection in children. Age at the time of surgery and the site of the cerebellar lesion influence the neurobehavioural outcome. The results of the present study indicate that the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome is evident in children as well as in adults, and they provide further clinical evidence that the cerebellum is an essential node in the distributed neural circuitry subserving higher-order behaviours.  (+info)

The cerebellum contributes to higher functions during development: evidence from a series of children surgically treated for posterior fossa tumours. (8/424)

We present data on the intellectual, language and executive functions of 26 children who had undergone surgery for the removal of cerebellar hemisphere or vermal tumours. The children with right cerebellar tumours presented with disturbances of auditory sequential memory and language processing, whereas those with left cerebellar tumours showed deficits on tests of spatial and visual sequential memory. The vermal lesions led to two profiles: (i) post-surgical mutism, which evolved into speech disorders or language disturbances similar to agrammatism; and (ii) behavioural disturbances ranging from irritability to behaviours reminiscent of autism. These data are consistent with the recently acknowledged role of the cerebellum as a modulator of mental and social functions, and suggest that this role is operative early in childhood.  (+info)

Language disorders, also known as communication disorders, refer to a group of conditions that affect an individual's ability to understand or produce spoken, written, or other symbolic language. These disorders can be receptive (difficulty understanding language), expressive (difficulty producing language), or mixed (a combination of both).

Language disorders can manifest as difficulties with grammar, vocabulary, sentence structure, and coherence in communication. They can also affect social communication skills such as taking turns in conversation, understanding nonverbal cues, and interpreting tone of voice.

Language disorders can be developmental, meaning they are present from birth or early childhood, or acquired, meaning they develop later in life due to injury, illness, or trauma. Examples of acquired language disorders include aphasia, which can result from stroke or brain injury, and dysarthria, which can result from neurological conditions affecting speech muscles.

Language disorders can have significant impacts on an individual's academic, social, and vocational functioning, making it important to diagnose and treat them as early as possible. Treatment typically involves speech-language therapy to help individuals develop and improve their language skills.

Language development disorders, also known as language impairments or communication disorders, refer to a group of conditions that affect an individual's ability to understand and/or use spoken or written language in a typical manner. These disorders can manifest as difficulties with grammar, vocabulary, sentence structure, word finding, following directions, and/or conversational skills.

Language development disorders can be receptive (difficulty understanding language), expressive (difficulty using language to communicate), or mixed (a combination of both). They can occur in isolation or as part of a broader neurodevelopmental disorder, such as autism spectrum disorder or intellectual disability.

The causes of language development disorders are varied and may include genetic factors, environmental influences, neurological conditions, hearing loss, or other medical conditions. It is important to note that language development disorders are not the result of low intelligence or lack of motivation; rather, they reflect a specific impairment in the brain's language processing systems.

Early identification and intervention for language development disorders can significantly improve outcomes and help individuals develop effective communication skills. Treatment typically involves speech-language therapy, which may be provided individually or in a group setting, and may involve strategies such as modeling correct language use, practicing targeted language skills, and using visual aids to support comprehension.

Rehabilitation of Speech and Language Disorders refers to the therapeutic process aimed at improving or restoring communication abilities in individuals who have speech, language, or swallowing impairments due to various causes such as neurological disorders (stroke, brain injury, dementia), developmental disabilities, hearing loss, or voice disorders.

Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are the healthcare professionals responsible for assessing, diagnosing, and treating these disorders. The rehabilitation process may involve various techniques and interventions tailored to the individual's needs, including:

1. Articulation therapy: Helping individuals produce sounds correctly by practicing specific speech sounds and movements.
2. Language intervention: Developing language skills through activities that target vocabulary, grammar, sentence structure, and pragmatic (social) language use.
3. Voice therapy: Addressing voice disorders by modifying vocal habits, improving breath support, and increasing vocal strength and endurance.
4. Cognitive-communication therapy: Improving cognitive skills related to communication, such as attention, memory, problem-solving, and organization.
5. Swallowing rehabilitation (dysphagia treatment): Addressing swallowing difficulties through exercises, diet modifications, and compensatory strategies.
6. AAC (Augmentative and Alternative Communication) intervention: Utilizing assistive technology and communication aids to support or replace verbal communication when necessary.

The primary goal of rehabilitation for speech and language disorders is to enhance the individual's ability to communicate effectively, thereby improving their overall quality of life and social participation.

Speech disorders refer to a group of conditions in which a person has difficulty producing or articulating sounds, words, or sentences in a way that is understandable to others. These disorders can be caused by various factors such as developmental delays, neurological conditions, hearing loss, structural abnormalities, or emotional issues.

Speech disorders may include difficulties with:

* Articulation: the ability to produce sounds correctly and clearly.
* Phonology: the sound system of language, including the rules that govern how sounds are combined and used in words.
* Fluency: the smoothness and flow of speech, including issues such as stuttering or cluttering.
* Voice: the quality, pitch, and volume of the spoken voice.
* Resonance: the way sound is produced and carried through the vocal tract, which can affect the clarity and quality of speech.

Speech disorders can impact a person's ability to communicate effectively, leading to difficulties in social situations, academic performance, and even employment opportunities. Speech-language pathologists are trained to evaluate and treat speech disorders using various evidence-based techniques and interventions.

A language test is not a medical term per se, but it is commonly used in the field of speech-language pathology, which is a medical discipline. A language test, in this context, refers to an assessment tool used by speech-language pathologists to evaluate an individual's language abilities. These tests typically measure various aspects of language, including vocabulary, grammar, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.

Language tests can be standardized or non-standardized and may be administered individually or in a group setting. The results of these tests help speech-language pathologists diagnose language disorders, develop treatment plans, and monitor progress over time. It is important to note that language testing should be conducted by a qualified professional who has experience in administering and interpreting language assessments.

Apraxia is a motor disorder characterized by the inability to perform learned, purposeful movements despite having the physical ability and mental understanding to do so. It is not caused by weakness, paralysis, or sensory loss, and it is not due to poor comprehension or motivation.

There are several types of apraxias, including:

1. Limb-Kinematic Apraxia: This type affects the ability to make precise movements with the limbs, such as using tools or performing complex gestures.
2. Ideomotor Apraxia: In this form, individuals have difficulty executing learned motor actions in response to verbal commands or visual cues, but they can still perform the same action when given the actual object to use.
3. Ideational Apraxia: This type affects the ability to sequence and coordinate multiple steps of a complex action, such as dressing oneself or making coffee.
4. Oral Apraxia: Also known as verbal apraxia, this form affects the ability to plan and execute speech movements, leading to difficulties with articulation and speech production.
5. Constructional Apraxia: This type impairs the ability to draw, copy, or construct geometric forms and shapes, often due to visuospatial processing issues.

Apraxias can result from various neurological conditions, such as stroke, brain injury, dementia, or neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Treatment typically involves rehabilitation and therapy focused on retraining the affected movements and compensating for any residual deficits.

Language therapy, also known as speech-language therapy, is a type of treatment aimed at improving an individual's communication and swallowing abilities. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) or therapists provide this therapy to assess, diagnose, and treat a wide range of communication and swallowing disorders that can occur in people of all ages, from infants to the elderly.

Language therapy may involve working on various skills such as:

1. Expressive language: Improving the ability to express thoughts, needs, wants, and ideas through verbal, written, or other symbolic systems.
2. Receptive language: Enhancing the understanding of spoken or written language, including following directions and comprehending conversations.
3. Pragmatic or social language: Developing appropriate use of language in various social situations, such as turn-taking, topic maintenance, and making inferences.
4. Articulation and phonology: Correcting speech sound errors and improving overall speech clarity.
5. Voice and fluency: Addressing issues related to voice quality, volume, and pitch, as well as stuttering or stammering.
6. Literacy: Improving reading, writing, and spelling skills.
7. Swallowing: Evaluating and treating swallowing disorders (dysphagia) to ensure safe and efficient eating and drinking.

Language therapy often involves a combination of techniques, including exercises, drills, conversation practice, and the use of various therapeutic materials and technology. The goal of language therapy is to help individuals with communication disorders achieve optimal functional communication and swallowing abilities in their daily lives.

Language development refers to the process by which children acquire the ability to understand and communicate through spoken, written, or signed language. This complex process involves various components including phonology (sound system), semantics (meaning of words and sentences), syntax (sentence structure), and pragmatics (social use of language). Language development begins in infancy with cooing and babbling and continues through early childhood and beyond, with most children developing basic conversational skills by the age of 4-5 years. However, language development can continue into adolescence and even adulthood as individuals learn new languages or acquire more advanced linguistic skills. Factors that can influence language development include genetics, environment, cognition, and social interactions.

Speech production measurement is the quantitative analysis and assessment of various parameters and characteristics of spoken language, such as speech rate, intensity, duration, pitch, and articulation. These measurements can be used to diagnose and monitor speech disorders, evaluate the effectiveness of treatment, and conduct research in fields such as linguistics, psychology, and communication disorders. Speech production measurement tools may include specialized software, hardware, and techniques for recording, analyzing, and visualizing speech data.

'Schizophrenic language' is not a formal medical term, but the concept refers to the unusual and often disturbed patterns of speech that can be observed in individuals with schizophrenia. These language abnormalities are considered one of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia and can include:

1. **Word Salad (Incoherent Speech)**: This is when a person's speech becomes disorganized, fragmented, and lacks logical or understandable connections between words, phrases, or sentences. It may seem like the individual is randomly stringing together words without any clear meaning.

2. **Neologisms (Made-Up Words)**: These are new words or phrases that have been invented by the individual. They may be understandable only to the person using them.

3. **Tangentiality (Straying Off Topic)**: This is when a person's responses are indirect and unrelated to the topic being discussed, although they may start off on topic. The speaker may stray further and further from the original point until they are no longer discussing it at all.

4. **Perseveration (Persistent Repetition)**: This is when a person repeats certain words, phrases, or ideas over and over again, even when they are not relevant to the conversation.

5. **Illogical Thinking/Conclusions**: A person's thoughts may not follow a logical sequence, leading to illogical conclusions or statements that do not make sense in the context of the conversation.

6. **Thought Disorder**: This is a broader term that includes various disturbances in thinking and thought processes, which can then manifest as abnormalities in speech.

It's important to note that these symptoms can vary widely from person to person, and not everyone with schizophrenia will experience all of them. Furthermore, these symptoms should be evaluated and diagnosed by a qualified mental health professional.

Aphasia is a medical condition that affects a person's ability to communicate. It is caused by damage to the language areas of the brain, most commonly as a result of a stroke or head injury. Aphasia can affect both spoken and written language, making it difficult for individuals to express their thoughts, understand speech, read, or write.

There are several types of aphasia, including:

1. Expressive aphasia (also called Broca's aphasia): This type of aphasia affects a person's ability to speak and write clearly. Individuals with expressive aphasia know what they want to say but have difficulty forming the words or sentences to communicate their thoughts.
2. Receptive aphasia (also called Wernicke's aphasia): This type of aphasia affects a person's ability to understand spoken or written language. Individuals with receptive aphasia may struggle to follow conversations, comprehend written texts, or make sense of the words they hear or read.
3. Global aphasia: This is the most severe form of aphasia and results from extensive damage to the language areas of the brain. People with global aphasia have significant impairments in both their ability to express themselves and understand language.
4. Anomic aphasia: This type of aphasia affects a person's ability to recall the names of objects, people, or places. Individuals with anomic aphasia can speak in complete sentences but often struggle to find the right words to convey their thoughts.

Treatment for aphasia typically involves speech and language therapy, which aims to help individuals regain as much communication ability as possible. The success of treatment depends on various factors, such as the severity and location of the brain injury, the individual's motivation and effort, and the availability of support from family members and caregivers.

Motor skills disorders are conditions that affect a person's ability to perform coordinated movements. These movements can be simple, such as buttoning a shirt, or complex, such as playing a musical instrument. Motor skills disorders can make it difficult for a person to perform everyday activities and can impact their quality of life.

There are two main types of motor skills: fine motor skills and gross motor skills. Fine motor skills involve the small movements of the hands, fingers, and wrists, such as writing or using utensils. Gross motor skills involve larger movements of the arms, legs, and torso, such as crawling, walking, or running.

Motor skills disorders can affect either fine or gross motor skills, or both. Some common types of motor skills disorders include:

* Developmental coordination disorder (DCD): a condition that affects a child's ability to perform coordinated movements and is often diagnosed in early childhood. Children with DCD may have difficulty with tasks such as tying their shoes, buttoning their clothes, or using scissors.
* Cerebral palsy: a group of disorders that affect movement and muscle tone, caused by damage to the brain before, during, or after birth. Cerebral palsy can cause stiff or floppy muscles, uncontrolled movements, and difficulty with balance and coordination.
* Dyspraxia: a condition that affects a person's ability to plan and perform coordinated movements. People with dyspraxia may have difficulty with tasks such as writing, buttoning their clothes, or playing sports.
* Ataxia: a group of disorders that affect coordination and balance, caused by damage to the cerebellum (the part of the brain that controls movement). Ataxia can cause unsteady gait, poor coordination, and difficulty with fine motor tasks.

Motor skills disorders can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, injury, illness, or developmental delays. Treatment for motor skills disorders may include physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and medication. In some cases, surgery may also be necessary to treat the underlying cause of the disorder.

Enuresis is a medical term that refers to the involuntary or unconscious release of urine, especially at night during sleep, in children who are at least 5 years old. It's commonly known as bedwetting. Enuresis can be classified into two types: primary and secondary. Primary enuresis occurs when a child has never achieved consistent dryness during sleep, while secondary enuresis happens when a child starts wetting the bed again after having been dry for at least six months.

Enuresis can have various causes, including developmental delays, small bladder capacity, urinary tract infections, constipation, sleep disorders, and emotional stress. In some cases, it may also be associated with genetic factors. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and may include behavioral interventions, bladder training, alarm systems, medication, or a combination of these approaches.

Broca's aphasia, also known as expressive aphasia or nonfluent aphasia, is a type of language disorder that results from damage to the brain's Broca's area, which is located in the frontal lobe of the dominant hemisphere (usually the left).

Individuals with Broca's aphasia have difficulty producing spoken or written language. They often know what they want to say but have trouble getting the words out, resulting in short and grammatically simplified sentences. Speech may be slow, laborious, and agrammatic, with limited vocabulary and poor sentence structure. Comprehension of language is typically less affected than expression, although individuals with Broca's aphasia may have difficulty understanding complex grammatical structures or following rapid speech.

It's important to note that the severity and specific symptoms of Broca's aphasia can vary depending on the extent and location of the brain damage. Rehabilitation and therapy can help improve language skills in individuals with Broca's aphasia, although recovery may be slow and limited.

Child language refers to the development of linguistic abilities in children, including both receptive and expressive communication. This includes the acquisition of various components of language such as phonology (sound system), morphology (word structure), syntax (sentence structure), semantics (meaning), and pragmatics (social use of language).

Child language development typically follows a predictable sequence, beginning with cooing and babbling in infancy, followed by the use of single words and simple phrases in early childhood. Over time, children acquire more complex linguistic structures and expand their vocabulary to communicate more effectively. However, individual differences in the rate and pace of language development are common.

Clinical professionals such as speech-language pathologists may assess and diagnose children with language disorders or delays in order to provide appropriate interventions and support for typical language development.

Dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that impairs an individual's ability to read, write, and spell, despite having normal intelligence and adequate education. It is characterized by difficulties with accurate and fluent word recognition, poor decoding and spelling abilities, and often accompanied by problems with reading comprehension and reduced reading experience. Dyslexia is not a result of low intelligence, lack of motivation, or poor instruction, but rather a specific learning disability that affects the way the brain processes written language. It is typically diagnosed in children, although it can go unnoticed until adulthood, and there are effective interventions and accommodations to help individuals with dyslexia overcome their challenges and achieve academic and professional success.

Sign language is not considered a medical term, but it is a visual-manual means of communication used by individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing. It combines hand shapes, orientation, and movement of the hands, arms, or body, along with facial expressions and lip patterns. Different sign languages exist in various countries and communities, such as American Sign Language (ASL) and British Sign Language (BSL).

However, I can provide a definition related to medical terminology that involves the use of gestures for communication purposes:

Gesture (in medical context): A bodily action or movement, often used to convey information or communicate. In some medical situations, healthcare professionals may use simple, predefined gestures to elicit responses from patients who have difficulty with verbal communication due to conditions like aphasia, dysarthria, or being in a coma. These gestures can be part of a more comprehensive system called "gesture-based communication" or "nonverbal communication."

For sign language specifically, you may consult resources related to linguistics, special education, or deaf studies for detailed definitions and descriptions.

Phonetics is not typically considered a medical term, but rather a branch of linguistics that deals with the sounds of human speech. It involves the study of how these sounds are produced, transmitted, and received, as well as how they are used to convey meaning in different languages. However, there can be some overlap between phonetics and certain areas of medical research, such as speech-language pathology or audiology, which may study the production, perception, and disorders of speech sounds for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.

Forkhead transcription factors (FOX) are a family of proteins that play crucial roles in the regulation of gene expression through the process of binding to specific DNA sequences, thereby controlling various biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. These proteins are characterized by a conserved DNA-binding domain, known as the forkhead box or FOX domain, which adopts a winged helix structure that recognizes and binds to the consensus sequence 5'-(G/A)(T/C)AA(C/A)A-3'.

The FOX family is further divided into subfamilies based on the structure of their DNA-binding domains, with each subfamily having distinct functions. For example, FOXP proteins are involved in brain development and function, while FOXO proteins play a key role in regulating cellular responses to stress and metabolism. Dysregulation of forkhead transcription factors has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders.

In the context of medicine, particularly in neurolinguistics and speech-language pathology, language is defined as a complex system of communication that involves the use of symbols (such as words, signs, or gestures) to express and exchange information. It includes various components such as phonology (sound systems), morphology (word structures), syntax (sentence structure), semantics (meaning), and pragmatics (social rules of use). Language allows individuals to convey their thoughts, feelings, and intentions, and to understand the communication of others. Disorders of language can result from damage to specific areas of the brain, leading to impairments in comprehension, production, or both.

I'm afraid there seems to be a misunderstanding. Programming languages are a field of study in computer science and are not related to medicine. They are used to create computer programs, through the composition of symbols and words. Some popular programming languages include Python, Java, C++, and JavaScript. If you have any questions about programming or computer science, I'd be happy to try and help answer them!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Natural Language Processing" (NLP) is actually a subfield of artificial intelligence that focuses on the interaction between computers and human language. It involves developing algorithms and software to understand, interpret, and generate human language in a valuable way.

In a medical context, NLP can be used to analyze electronic health records, clinical notes, and other forms of medical documentation to extract meaningful information, support clinical decision-making, and improve patient care. For example, NLP can help identify patients at risk for certain conditions, monitor treatment responses, and detect adverse drug events.

However, NLP is not a medical term or concept itself, so it doesn't have a specific medical definition.

The brain is the central organ of the nervous system, responsible for receiving and processing sensory information, regulating vital functions, and controlling behavior, movement, and cognition. It is divided into several distinct regions, each with specific functions:

1. Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain, responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thinking, learning, memory, language, and perception. It is divided into two hemispheres, each controlling the opposite side of the body.
2. Cerebellum: Located at the back of the brain, it is responsible for coordinating muscle movements, maintaining balance, and fine-tuning motor skills.
3. Brainstem: Connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord, controlling vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. It also serves as a relay center for sensory information and motor commands between the brain and the rest of the body.
4. Diencephalon: A region that includes the thalamus (a major sensory relay station) and hypothalamus (regulates hormones, temperature, hunger, thirst, and sleep).
5. Limbic system: A group of structures involved in emotional processing, memory formation, and motivation, including the hippocampus, amygdala, and cingulate gyrus.

The brain is composed of billions of interconnected neurons that communicate through electrical and chemical signals. It is protected by the skull and surrounded by three layers of membranes called meninges, as well as cerebrospinal fluid that provides cushioning and nutrients.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "linguistics" is not a term that has a medical definition. Lingustics is the scientific study of language and its structure. It involves analysing language form, language meaning, and language in context.

If you have any questions related to healthcare or medicine, I'd be happy to try to help answer them!

Neuropsychological tests are a type of psychological assessment that measures cognitive functions, such as attention, memory, language, problem-solving, and perception. These tests are used to help diagnose and understand the cognitive impact of neurological conditions, including dementia, traumatic brain injury, stroke, Parkinson's disease, and other disorders that affect the brain.

The tests are typically administered by a trained neuropsychologist and can take several hours to complete. They may involve paper-and-pencil tasks, computerized tasks, or interactive activities. The results of the tests are compared to normative data to help identify any areas of cognitive weakness or strength.

Neuropsychological testing can provide valuable information for treatment planning, rehabilitation, and assessing response to treatment. It can also be used in research to better understand the neural basis of cognition and the impact of neurological conditions on cognitive function.

Medical Definition:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed cross-sectional or three-dimensional images of the internal structures of the body. The patient lies within a large, cylindrical magnet, and the scanner detects changes in the direction of the magnetic field caused by protons in the body. These changes are then converted into detailed images that help medical professionals to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as tumors, injuries, or diseases affecting the brain, spinal cord, heart, blood vessels, joints, and other internal organs. MRI does not use radiation like computed tomography (CT) scans.

Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). When you become depressed, you may feel sad or hopeless and lose interest or pleasure in most activities. When your mood shifts to mania or hypomania (a less severe form of mania), you may feel euphoric, full of energy, or unusually irritable. These mood swings can significantly affect your job, school, relationships, and overall quality of life.

Bipolar disorder is typically characterized by the presence of one or more manic or hypomanic episodes, often accompanied by depressive episodes. The episodes may be separated by periods of normal mood, but in some cases, a person may experience rapid cycling between mania and depression.

There are several types of bipolar disorder, including:

* Bipolar I Disorder: This type is characterized by the occurrence of at least one manic episode, which may be preceded or followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes.
* Bipolar II Disorder: This type involves the presence of at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode, but no manic episodes.
* Cyclothymic Disorder: This type is characterized by numerous periods of hypomania and depression that are not severe enough to meet the criteria for a full manic or depressive episode.
* Other Specified and Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorders: These categories include bipolar disorders that do not fit the criteria for any of the other types.

The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown, but it appears to be related to a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurochemical factors. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes to help manage symptoms and prevent relapses.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Language Arts" is not a term used in medical definitions. Language arts is a term commonly used in education to refer to the academic study of reading, writing, speaking, and listening. It encompasses various subjects such as English, literature, grammar, creative writing, and communication skills. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to help with those!

A mental disorder is a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior. It's associated with distress and/or impaired functioning in social, occupational, or other important areas of life, often leading to a decrease in quality of life. These disorders are typically persistent and can be severe and disabling. They may be related to factors such as genetics, early childhood experiences, or trauma. Examples include depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and personality disorders. It's important to note that a diagnosis should be made by a qualified mental health professional.

Anxiety disorders are a category of mental health disorders characterized by feelings of excessive and persistent worry, fear, or anxiety that interfere with daily activities. They include several different types of disorders, such as:

1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): This is characterized by chronic and exaggerated worry and tension, even when there is little or nothing to provoke it.
2. Panic Disorder: This is characterized by recurring unexpected panic attacks and fear of experiencing more panic attacks.
3. Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD): Also known as social phobia, this is characterized by excessive fear, anxiety, or avoidance of social situations due to feelings of embarrassment, self-consciousness, and concern about being judged or viewed negatively by others.
4. Phobias: These are intense, irrational fears of certain objects, places, or situations. When a person with a phobia encounters the object or situation they fear, they may experience panic attacks or other severe anxiety responses.
5. Agoraphobia: This is a fear of being in places where it may be difficult to escape or get help if one has a panic attack or other embarrassing or incapacitating symptoms.
6. Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD): This is characterized by excessive anxiety about separation from home or from people to whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment (such as a parent, sibling, or partner).
7. Selective Mutism: This is a disorder where a child becomes mute in certain situations, such as at school, but can speak normally at home or with close family members.

These disorders are treatable with a combination of medication and psychotherapy (cognitive-behavioral therapy, exposure therapy). It's important to seek professional help if you suspect that you or someone you know may have an anxiety disorder.

Mood disorders are a category of mental health disorders characterized by significant and persistent changes in mood, affect, and emotional state. These disorders can cause disturbances in normal functioning and significantly impair an individual's ability to carry out their daily activities. The two primary types of mood disorders are depressive disorders (such as major depressive disorder or persistent depressive disorder) and bipolar disorders (which include bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, and cyclothymic disorder).

Depressive disorders involve prolonged periods of low mood, sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in activities. Individuals with these disorders may also experience changes in sleep patterns, appetite, energy levels, concentration, and self-esteem. In severe cases, they might have thoughts of death or suicide.

Bipolar disorders involve alternating episodes of mania (or hypomania) and depression. During a manic episode, individuals may feel extremely elated, energetic, or irritable, with racing thoughts, rapid speech, and impulsive behavior. They might engage in risky activities, have decreased sleep needs, and display poor judgment. In contrast, depressive episodes involve the same symptoms as depressive disorders.

Mood disorders can be caused by a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Proper diagnosis and treatment, which may include psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of both, are essential for managing these conditions and improving quality of life.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "semantics" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. Semantics is actually a branch of linguistics that deals with the study of meaning, reference, and the interpretation of signs and symbols, either individually or in combination. It is used in various fields including computer science, anthropology, psychology, and philosophy.

However, if you have any medical terms or concepts that you would like me to explain, I'd be happy to help!

The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) is a set of files and software developed by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). It provides a comprehensive source of biomedical and health-related terms aimed at unifying and standardizing the language used in various areas of the medical field, such as clinical care, research, and education.

The UMLS includes many different vocabularies, classifications, and coding systems, including but not limited to:

* Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine--Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT)
* International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
* Current Procedural Terminology (CPT)
* Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC)

By integrating these various terminologies, the UMLS enables more effective searching, information retrieval, and data analysis across different systems and databases. It also supports natural language processing (NLP) applications, such as text mining and clinical decision support systems.

In the context of medical and clinical psychology, particularly in the field of applied behavior analysis (ABA), "verbal behavior" is a term used to describe the various functions or purposes of spoken language. It was first introduced by the psychologist B.F. Skinner in his 1957 book "Verbal Behavior."

Skinner proposed that verbal behavior could be classified into several categories based on its function, including:

1. Mand: A verbal operant in which a person requests or demands something from another person. For example, saying "I would like a glass of water" is a mand.
2. Tact: A verbal operant in which a person describes or labels something in their environment. For example, saying "That's a red apple" is a tact.
3. Echoic: A verbal operant in which a person repeats or imitates what they have heard. For example, saying "Hello" after someone says hello to you is an echoic.
4. Intraverbal: A verbal operant in which a person responds to another person's verbal behavior with their own verbal behavior, without simply repeating or imitating what they have heard. For example, answering a question like "What's the capital of France?" is an intraverbal.
5. Textual: A verbal operant in which a person reads or writes text. For example, reading a book or writing a letter are textual.

Understanding the function of verbal behavior can be helpful in assessing and treating communication disorders, such as those seen in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). By identifying the specific functions of a child's verbal behavior, therapists can develop targeted interventions to help them communicate more effectively.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a publication of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) that provides diagnostic criteria for mental disorders. It is widely used by mental health professionals in the United States and around the world to diagnose and classify mental health conditions.

The DSM includes detailed descriptions of symptoms, clinical examples, and specific criteria for each disorder, which are intended to facilitate accurate diagnosis and improve communication among mental health professionals. The manual is regularly updated to reflect current research and clinical practice, with the most recent edition being the DSM-5, published in 2013.

It's important to note that while the DSM is a valuable tool for mental health professionals, it is not without controversy. Some critics argue that the manual medicalizes normal human experiences and that its categories may be too broad or overlapping. Nonetheless, it remains an essential resource for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers in the field of mental health.

Autistic Disorder, also known as Autism or Classic Autism, is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects communication and behavior. It is characterized by:

1. Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, including:
* Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity;
* Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction;
* Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships.
2. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities, as manifested by at least two of the following:
* Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech;
* Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns of verbal or nonverbal behavior;
* Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus;
* Hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment.
3. Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period (but may not become fully manifest until social demands exceed limited capacities) and limit or impair everyday functioning.
4. Symptoms do not occur exclusively during the course of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder or other psychotic disorders.

Autistic Disorder is part of the autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), which also include Asperger's Syndrome and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). The current diagnostic term for this category of conditions, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), is Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Psycholinguistics is not a medical term per se, but it is a subfield of both psychology and linguistics that explores how we understand, produce, and process language. It investigates the cognitive processes and mental representations involved in language use, such as word recognition, sentence comprehension, language production, language acquisition, and language disorders.

In medical contexts, psycholinguistic assessments may be used to evaluate individuals with communication difficulties due to neurological or developmental disorders, such as aphasia, dyslexia, or autism spectrum disorder. These assessments can help identify specific areas of impairment and inform treatment planning.

Pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) are a group of conditions that affect the development and functioning of the brain, leading to delays in many areas of development. The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) has replaced the term "pervasive developmental disorders" with "autism spectrum disorder" and "other neurodevelopmental disorders."

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction across multiple contexts, as well as restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. The symptoms of ASD can range from mild to severe, and the condition affects approximately 1 in 54 children in the United States.

Other neurodevelopmental disorders that were previously classified as PDDs include:

1. Intellectual disability (ID): a condition characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills. This disorder used to be referred to as "mental retardation."
2. Communication disorders: these are disorders that affect an individual's ability to communicate, including language disorders, speech sound disorders, and stuttering.
3. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
4. Specific learning disorder: a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects an individual's ability to learn and use specific academic skills, such as reading, writing, or mathematics.
5. Motor disorders: these are disorders that affect an individual's movement and coordination, including developmental coordination disorder, stereotypic movement disorder, and tic disorders.

The medical definition of 'Child Development Disorders, Pervasive' has been replaced with more specific diagnoses in the DSM-5 to better reflect the diverse nature of these conditions and improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment planning.

Comprehension, in a medical context, usually refers to the ability to understand and interpret spoken or written language, as well as gestures and expressions. It is a key component of communication and cognitive functioning. Difficulties with comprehension can be a symptom of various neurological conditions, such as aphasia (a disorder caused by damage to the language areas of the brain), learning disabilities, or dementia. Assessment of comprehension is often part of neuropsychological evaluations and speech-language pathology assessments.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), also simply referred to as depression, is a serious mental health condition characterized by the presence of one or more major depressive episodes. A major depressive episode is a period of at least two weeks during which an individual experiences a severely depressed mood and/or loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities, accompanied by at least four additional symptoms such as significant changes in appetite or weight, sleep disturbances, psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue or loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt, difficulty thinking, concentrating, or making decisions, and recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.

MDD can significantly impair an individual's ability to function in daily life, and it is associated with increased risks of suicide, substance abuse, and other mental health disorders. The exact cause of MDD is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a complex interplay of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Treatment typically involves a combination of psychotherapy (such as cognitive-behavioral therapy) and medication (such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants).

Communication barriers in a medical context refer to any factors that prevent or hinder the effective exchange of information between healthcare providers and patients, or among healthcare professionals themselves. These barriers can lead to misunderstandings, errors, and poor patient outcomes. Common communication barriers include:

1. Language differences: When patients and healthcare providers do not speak the same language, it can lead to miscommunication and errors in diagnosis and treatment.
2. Cultural differences: Cultural beliefs and values can affect how patients perceive and communicate their symptoms and concerns, as well as how healthcare providers deliver care.
3. Literacy levels: Low health literacy can make it difficult for patients to understand medical information, follow treatment plans, and make informed decisions about their care.
4. Disability: Patients with hearing or vision impairments, speech disorders, or cognitive impairments may face unique communication challenges that require accommodations and specialized communication strategies.
5. Emotional factors: Patients who are anxious, stressed, or in pain may have difficulty communicating effectively, and healthcare providers may be less likely to listen actively or ask open-ended questions.
6. Power dynamics: Hierarchical relationships between healthcare providers and patients can create power imbalances that discourage patients from speaking up or asking questions.
7. Noise and distractions: Environmental factors such as noise, interruptions, and distractions can make it difficult for patients and healthcare providers to hear, focus, and communicate effectively.

Effective communication is critical in healthcare settings, and addressing communication barriers requires a multifaceted approach that includes training for healthcare providers, language services for limited English proficient patients, and accommodations for patients with disabilities.

Deafness is a hearing loss that is so severe that it results in significant difficulty in understanding or comprehending speech, even when using hearing aids. It can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired later in life due to various causes such as disease, injury, infection, exposure to loud noises, or aging. Deafness can range from mild to profound and may affect one ear (unilateral) or both ears (bilateral). In some cases, deafness may be accompanied by tinnitus, which is the perception of ringing or other sounds in the ears.

Deaf individuals often use American Sign Language (ASL) or other forms of sign language to communicate. Some people with less severe hearing loss may benefit from hearing aids, cochlear implants, or other assistive listening devices. Deafness can have significant social, educational, and vocational implications, and early intervention and appropriate support services are critical for optimal development and outcomes.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with hyperactivity is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects both children and adults. The condition is characterized by symptoms including:

1. Difficulty paying attention or staying focused on a single task
2. Impulsivity, or acting without thinking
3. Hyperactivity, or excessive fidgeting, restlessness, or talking

In order to be diagnosed with ADHD with hyperactivity, an individual must exhibit these symptoms to a degree that is developmentally inappropriate and interferes with their daily functioning. Additionally, the symptoms must have been present for at least six months and be present in multiple settings (e.g., at home, school, work).

It's important to note that ADHD can manifest differently in different people, and some individuals may experience predominantly inattentive or impulsive symptoms rather than hyperactive ones. However, when the hyperactive component is prominent, it is referred to as ADHD with hyperactivity.

Effective treatments for ADHD with hyperactivity include a combination of medication (such as stimulants) and behavioral therapy. With appropriate treatment, individuals with ADHD can learn to manage their symptoms and lead successful, fulfilling lives.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "reading" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. Reading is the activity or process of deciphering and understanding written words or text. It is a fundamental skill in language acquisition and communication, and is not typically used in a medical context unless there is a concern related to reading difficulties or disorders, such as dyslexia. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health concerns, I'd be happy to try to help answer those for you!

A depressive disorder is a mental health condition characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest or pleasure in activities. It can also include changes in sleep, appetite, energy levels, concentration, and self-esteem, as well as thoughts of death or suicide. Depressive disorders can vary in severity and duration, with some people experiencing mild and occasional symptoms, while others may have severe and chronic symptoms that interfere with their ability to function in daily life.

There are several types of depressive disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), persistent depressive disorder (PDD), and postpartum depression. MDD is characterized by symptoms that interfere significantly with a person's ability to function and last for at least two weeks, while PDD involves chronic low-grade depression that lasts for two years or more. Postpartum depression occurs in women after childbirth and can range from mild to severe.

Depressive disorders are thought to be caused by a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication, psychotherapy (talk therapy), and lifestyle changes.

Cultural evolution is a term used to describe the process of change and development in human culture over time. It refers to the way in which cultural traits, practices, beliefs, and technologies spread, change, and evolve within and between populations. Cultural evolution is influenced by various factors such as demographic changes, migration, innovation, selection, and diffusion.

The study of cultural evolution draws on insights from anthropology, sociology, psychology, archaeology, linguistics, and other disciplines to understand the patterns and dynamics of cultural change. It emphasizes the importance of understanding culture as a complex adaptive system that evolves through processes of variation, selection, and transmission.

Cultural evolution is often studied using comparative methods, which involve comparing similarities and differences in cultural traits across different populations or time periods. This allows researchers to identify patterns of cultural change and infer the underlying mechanisms that drive them. Some researchers also use mathematical models and computational simulations to study cultural evolution, allowing them to explore the dynamics of cultural change in a more controlled and systematic way.

Overall, the study of cultural evolution seeks to provide a deeper understanding of how human cultures have evolved over time, and how they continue to adapt and change in response to changing social, environmental, and technological conditions.

Functional laterality, in a medical context, refers to the preferential use or performance of one side of the body over the other for specific functions. This is often demonstrated in hand dominance, where an individual may be right-handed or left-handed, meaning they primarily use their right or left hand for tasks such as writing, eating, or throwing.

However, functional laterality can also apply to other bodily functions and structures, including the eyes (ocular dominance), ears (auditory dominance), or legs. It's important to note that functional laterality is not a strict binary concept; some individuals may exhibit mixed dominance or no strong preference for one side over the other.

In clinical settings, assessing functional laterality can be useful in diagnosing and treating various neurological conditions, such as stroke or traumatic brain injury, where understanding any resulting lateralized impairments can inform rehabilitation strategies.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that can occur in people who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event such as a natural disaster, serious accident, war combat, rape, or violent personal assault. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5), PTSD is characterized by the following symptoms, which must last for more than one month:

1. Intrusion symptoms: These include distressing memories, nightmares, flashbacks, or intense psychological distress or reactivity to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event.
2. Avoidance symptoms: Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event, including thoughts, feelings, conversations, activities, places, or people.
3. Negative alterations in cognitions and mood: This includes negative beliefs about oneself, others, or the world; distorted blame of self or others for causing the trauma; persistent negative emotional state; decreased interest in significant activities; and feelings of detachment or estrangement from others.
4. Alterations in arousal and reactivity: This includes irritable behavior and angry outbursts, reckless or self-destructive behavior, hypervigilance, exaggerated startle response, problems with concentration, and sleep disturbance.
5. Duration of symptoms: The symptoms must last for more than one month.
6. Functional significance: The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

It is essential to note that PTSD can occur at any age and can be accompanied by various physical and mental health problems, such as depression, substance abuse, memory problems, and other difficulties in cognition. Appropriate treatment, which may include psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of both, can significantly improve the symptoms and overall quality of life for individuals with PTSD.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental health disorder characterized by the presence of obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions are recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are intrusive, unwanted, and often distressing. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rigid rules, and which are aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety or distress, or preventing some dreaded event or situation. These obsessions and/or compulsions cause significant distress, take up a lot of time (an hour or more a day), and interfere with the individual's daily life, including social activities, relationships, and work or school performance. OCD is considered a type of anxiety disorder and can also co-occur with other mental health conditions.

Brain mapping is a broad term that refers to the techniques used to understand the structure and function of the brain. It involves creating maps of the various cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes in the brain by correlating these processes with physical locations or activities within the nervous system. Brain mapping can be accomplished through a variety of methods, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET) scans, electroencephalography (EEG), and others. These techniques allow researchers to observe which areas of the brain are active during different tasks or thoughts, helping to shed light on how the brain processes information and contributes to our experiences and behaviors. Brain mapping is an important area of research in neuroscience, with potential applications in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "hearing impairment" is defined as "hearing loss greater than 40 decibels (dB) in the better ear in adults or greater than 30 dB in children." Therefore, "Persons with hearing impairments" refers to individuals who have a significant degree of hearing loss that affects their ability to communicate and perform daily activities.

Hearing impairment can range from mild to profound and can be categorized as sensorineural (inner ear or nerve damage), conductive (middle ear problems), or mixed (a combination of both). The severity and type of hearing impairment can impact the communication methods, assistive devices, or accommodations that a person may need.

It is important to note that "hearing impairment" and "deafness" are not interchangeable terms. While deafness typically refers to a profound degree of hearing loss that significantly impacts a person's ability to communicate using sound, hearing impairment can refer to any degree of hearing loss that affects a person's ability to hear and understand speech or other sounds.

In the context of medicine, "translating" often refers to the process of turning basic scientific discoveries into clinical applications that can directly benefit patients. This is also known as "translational research." It involves taking findings from laboratory studies and experiments, and finding ways to use that knowledge in the development of new diagnostic tools, treatments, or medical practices.

The goal of translation is to bridge the gap between scientific discovery and clinical practice, making sure that new advances in medicine are both safe and effective for patients. This process can be complex and challenging, as it requires collaboration between researchers, clinicians, regulatory agencies, and industry partners. It also involves rigorous testing and evaluation to ensure that any new treatments or interventions are both safe and effective.

Speech Therapy, also known as Speech-Language Pathology, is a medical field that focuses on the assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of communication and swallowing disorders in children and adults. These disorders may include speech sound production difficulties (articulation disorders or phonological processes disorders), language disorders (expressive and/or receptive language impairments), voice disorders, fluency disorders (stuttering), cognitive-communication disorders, and swallowing difficulties (dysphagia).

Speech therapists, who are also called speech-language pathologists (SLPs), work with clients to improve their communication abilities through various therapeutic techniques and exercises. They may also provide counseling and education to families and caregivers to help them support the client's communication development and management of the disorder.

Speech therapy services can be provided in a variety of settings, including hospitals, clinics, schools, private practices, and long-term care facilities. The specific goals and methods used in speech therapy will depend on the individual needs and abilities of each client.

Psychotic disorders are a group of severe mental health conditions characterized by distorted perceptions, thoughts, and emotions that lead to an inability to recognize reality. The two most common symptoms of psychotic disorders are hallucinations and delusions. Hallucinations are when a person sees, hears, or feels things that aren't there, while delusions are fixed, false beliefs that are not based on reality.

Other symptoms may include disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, catatonic behavior, and negative symptoms such as apathy and lack of emotional expression. Schizophrenia is the most well-known psychotic disorder, but other types include schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, brief psychotic disorder, shared psychotic disorder, and substance-induced psychotic disorder.

Psychotic disorders can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, brain chemistry imbalances, trauma, and substance abuse. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication, therapy, and support services to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Cognitive disorders are a category of mental health disorders that primarily affect cognitive abilities including learning, memory, perception, and problem-solving. These disorders can be caused by various factors such as brain injury, degenerative diseases, infection, substance abuse, or developmental disabilities. Examples of cognitive disorders include dementia, amnesia, delirium, and intellectual disability. It's important to note that the specific definition and diagnostic criteria for cognitive disorders may vary depending on the medical source or classification system being used.

Substance-related disorders, as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), refer to a group of conditions caused by the use of substances such as alcohol, drugs, or medicines. These disorders are characterized by a problematic pattern of using a substance that leads to clinically significant impairment or distress. They can be divided into two main categories: substance use disorders and substance-induced disorders. Substance use disorders involve a pattern of compulsive use despite negative consequences, while substance-induced disorders include conditions such as intoxication, withdrawal, and substance/medication-induced mental disorders. The specific diagnosis depends on the type of substance involved, the patterns of use, and the presence or absence of physiological dependence.

A phobic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder characterized by an excessive and irrational fear or avoidance of specific objects, situations, or activities. This fear can cause significant distress and interfere with a person's daily life. Phobic disorders are typically classified into three main categories: specific phobias (such as fear of heights, spiders, or needles), social phobia (or social anxiety disorder), and agoraphobia (fear of open spaces or situations where escape might be difficult).

People with phobic disorders often recognize that their fear is excessive or unreasonable, but they are unable to control it. When exposed to the feared object or situation, they may experience symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, sweating, trembling, and difficulty breathing. These symptoms can be so distressing that individuals with phobic disorders go to great lengths to avoid the feared situation, which can have a significant impact on their quality of life.

Treatment for phobic disorders typically involves cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which helps individuals identify and challenge their irrational thoughts and fears, as well as exposure therapy, which gradually exposes them to the feared object or situation in a safe and controlled environment. In some cases, medication may also be recommended to help manage symptoms of anxiety.

Verbal learning is a type of learning that involves the acquisition, processing, and retrieval of information presented in a verbal or written form. It is often assessed through tasks such as list learning, where an individual is asked to remember a list of words or sentences after a single presentation or multiple repetitions. Verbal learning is an important aspect of cognitive functioning and is commonly evaluated in neuropsychological assessments to help identify any memory or learning impairments.

Articulation disorders are speech sound disorders that involve difficulties producing sounds correctly and forming clear, understandable speech. These disorders can affect the way sounds are produced, the order in which they're pronounced, or both. Articulation disorders can be developmental, occurring as a child learns to speak, or acquired, resulting from injury, illness, or disease.

People with articulation disorders may have trouble pronouncing specific sounds (e.g., lisping), omitting sounds, substituting one sound for another, or distorting sounds. These issues can make it difficult for others to understand their speech and can lead to frustration, social difficulties, and communication challenges in daily life.

Speech-language pathologists typically diagnose and treat articulation disorders using various techniques, including auditory discrimination exercises, phonetic placement activities, and oral-motor exercises to improve muscle strength and control. Early intervention is essential for optimal treatment outcomes and to minimize the potential impact on a child's academic, social, and emotional development.

Cerebral dominance is a concept in neuropsychology that refers to the specialization of one hemisphere of the brain over the other for certain cognitive functions. In most people, the left hemisphere is dominant for language functions such as speaking and understanding spoken or written language, while the right hemisphere is dominant for non-verbal functions such as spatial ability, face recognition, and artistic ability.

Cerebral dominance does not mean that the non-dominant hemisphere is incapable of performing the functions of the dominant hemisphere, but rather that it is less efficient or specialized in those areas. The concept of cerebral dominance has been used to explain individual differences in cognitive abilities and learning styles, as well as the laterality of brain damage and its effects on cognition and behavior.

It's important to note that cerebral dominance is a complex phenomenon that can vary between individuals and can be influenced by various factors such as genetics, environment, and experience. Additionally, recent research has challenged the strict lateralization of functions and suggested that there is more functional overlap and interaction between the two hemispheres than previously thought.

A language disorder is a condition defined as a condition that limits or altogether stops natural speech. A language disorder ... Lahey, Margaret; Bloom, Lois (1988). Language Disorders and Language Development. New York: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-02-367130-2 ... The following is a list of language disorders. ... Language disorders, Lists of diseases, Disability-related lists ...
The mission of the DuBard School for Language Disorders at The University of Southern Mississippi is to bring the gift of oral ... The DuBard School for Language Disorders at the University of Southern Mississippi was founded in 1962. DuBard is a clinical ... and written language to individuals with communication disorders and reading disabilities, including dyslexia, through use of ...
... but not with language. Language disorders tend to manifest in two different ways: receptive language disorders (where one ... Language disorders, Communication disorders, Neurological disorders, Speech and language pathology). ... Language disorders can affect both spoken and written language, and can also affect sign language; typically, all forms of ... A developmental language disorder is present at birth while an acquired language disorder occurs at some point after birth. ...
Communication Disorders is a peer-reviewed medical journal that covers topics relevant to speech and language disorders and ... Communication Disorders. doi:10.1111/(ISSN)1460-6984. "International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders". 2018 ... "The King's Speech and Stuttering Research". International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders. doi:10.1111/(ISSN)1460 ... It is the official journal of the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists. The journal is published by Wiley-Blackwell ...
... is a subset of language disorder, which is itself a subset of the broader category of speech, ... 1 speech and language therapy for older children with (developmental) language disorder". International Journal of Language & ... Language Disorders in Children and Adolescents Boston: Hogrefe. ISBN 9780889373389 Paul, Rhea (2007). Language disorders from ... Communication disorders, Language disorders, Developmental disabilities, Speech and language pathology, Aphasias). ...
Auditory processing disorder Speech-Language Pathology Mixed receptive-expressive language disorder "Expressive language ... Expressive language disorder is one of the "specific developmental disorders of speech and language" recognised by the tenth ... "F80.1 Expressive language disorder". ICD-10 Version:2010. "Expressive language disorder - developmental". MedlinePlus Medical ... Specific language impairments are often secondary characteristics of other disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and ...
Expressive language disorder "Diagnostic criteria for 315.31 Mixed Receptive-Expressive Language Disorder". behavenet.com. " ... Mixed receptive-expressive language disorder (DSM-IV 315.32) is a communication disorder in which both the receptive and ... Mixed receptive-expressive language disorder is also known as receptive-expressive language impairment (RELI) or receptive ... Children with mixed receptive-expressive language disorder are often likely to have long-term implications for language ...
CEBPE Speech-language disorder-1; 602081; FOXP2 Spherocytosis, hereditary, type 5; 612690; EPB42 Spherocytosis, type 1; 182900 ... CTDP1 Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ia; 212065; PMM2 Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ic; 603147; ALG6 ... ALG3 Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ie; 608799; DPM1 Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type If; 609180; MPDU1 ... ALG12 Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ih; 608104; ALG8 Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ii; 607906; ALG2 ...
Schizophrenic Language Disorder, CLINICAL DESCRIPTION AND THOUGHT DISORDER, p. 167. ISBN 978-0-7020-5556-0. Thought Disorder ( ... Disorders of the form of thought are objectively observable in patients' spoken and written language. The disorders include ... A comprehensive measure of FTD is the Thought and Language Disorder (TALD) Scale. The Kiddie Formal Thought Disorder Rating ... Nancy Andreasen preferred to identify TDs as thought-language-communication disorders (TLC disorders). Up to seven domains of ...
Thought, language, and communication disorders. I. A Clinical assessment, definition of terms, and evaluation of their ... Andreasen, Nancy C. (November 1979). "Thought, Language, and Communication Disorders: I. Clinical Assessment, Definition of ... In a mild manifestation, this thought disorder is characterized by slippage of ideas further and further from the point of a ... Tony Thompson, Peter Mathias, Jack Lyttle, Lyttle's mental health and disorder, Edition 3, Elsevier Health Sciences, 2000, ISBN ...
International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders. 49 (5): 558-566. doi:10.1111/1460-6984.12092. PMID 24939594. Gomez ... While anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and psychotic disorders can also have an effect on cognitive and memory functions, ... Cognitive disorders (CDs), also known as neurocognitive disorders (NCDs), are a category of mental health disorders that ... Neurocognitive disorders include delirium, mild neurocognitive disorders, and major neurocognitive disorder (previously known ...
Speech disorders refer to problems in producing the sounds of speech or with the quality of voice, where language disorders are ... Language disorders are usually considered distinct from speech disorders, although they are often used synonymously. ... and are subdivided into articulation disorders (also called phonetic disorders) and phonemic disorders. Articulation disorders ... British Stammering Association FOXP2 SCN3A KE family Language disorder Manner of articulation Motor speech disorders Revoicer ...
These are principally developmental delays and language disorders associated with neglect. Conduct disorders, oppositional ... Several other disorders, such as conduct disorders, oppositional defiant disorder, anxiety disorders, post traumatic stress ... Borderline personality disorder, Mental disorders diagnosed in childhood, Human development, Stress-related disorders). ... A disorder in the clinical sense is a condition requiring treatment, as opposed to risk factors for subsequent disorders. ...
Learning disabilities can include developmental speech and language disorders, and academic skills disorders. ADHD, however, is ... anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, bipolar disorder, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, substance use disorder, ... and learning and language disorders. Other conditions that should be considered are other neurodevelopmental disorders, tics, ... CS1 German-language sources (de), CS1 Spanish-language sources (es), CS1 Hungarian-language sources (hu), Articles with short ...
These disorders comprise developmental language disorder, learning disorders, motor disorders, and autism spectrum disorders. ... as Dysgraphia Communication disorders and Auditory processing disorder Developmental coordination disorder Genetic disorders, ... Autism spectrum disorder is a disorder of the many parts of the brain. Structural changes are observed in the cortex, which ... Another area that is affected by these disorders is the social arena for the person with the disorder. Many children that have ...
... such as language, speech, and non-verbal communication. Those with language disorder have deficits in using language, whether ... Other conduct disorders (F91.9) Conduct disorder, unspecified (F92.0) Depressive conduct disorder (F92.8) Other mixed disorders ... Sibling rivalry disorder (F93.8) Other childhood emotional disorders Identity disorder Overanxious disorder (F93.9) Childhood ... 307.23 Tourette's disorder 307.22 Chronic motor or vocal tic disorder 307.21 Transient tic disorder: Must meet the following ...
... and specific language impairment. The editor-in-chief is Joseph Piven (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill). The ... The journal covers research on neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorders, tuberous sclerosis, ... "Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders". 2012 Journal Citation Reports. Web of Science (Science ed.). Thomson Reuters. 2013. ... The Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders is a peer-reviewed open access medical journal established in March 2009 and ...
Language disorder - the important characteristics of a language disorder are difficulties in learning and using language, which ... specific language impairment - a language disorder that delays the mastery of language skills in children who have no hearing ... A communication disorder is any disorder that affects an individual's ability to comprehend, detect, or apply language and ... Mixed receptive-expressive language disorder - problems comprehending the commands of others. Stuttering - a speech disorder ...
... hearing disorders; speech, language and cognitive disorders; neuropsychological parameters; telerehabilitation; wheelchair ... Graduate programs include: Audiology (AuD)/Speech-Language Pathology (MA/MS, CScD), Communication Science & Disorders (PhD), ... The school also ranked third in Occupational Therapy and Speech-Language Pathology, and seventh in Audiology. SHRS faculty and ... Areas of inquiry include: the measurement and study of motion; balance disorders; human performance; ...
Ganser syndrome Language disorder Lists of language disorders Malapropism Speech disfluency Paragraphia - Similar to Paraphasia ... Post-stroke language disorders. Acta clinica Croatica 50:79-94 Kreisler A, Godefroy O, Delmaire C, Debachy B, Leclercq M, et al ... but for written languages Manasco, Hunter (2014). Introduction to Neurogenic Communication Disorders. p. 73. Biran M, Friedmann ... Language, and Hearing Research: 227-238. Berg T (2006). "A structural account of phonological paraphasias". Brain and Language ...
Denti, Louis G. (August 1997). "Towards Inclusive School". Topics in Language Disorders. 17 (4): 84. doi:10.1097/00011363- ... CS1 German-language sources (de), CS1 Icelandic-language sources (is), CS1 Spanish-language sources (es), CS1 French-language ... Markedness Gender-neutral language Binnen-I, a convention for gender-neutral language in written German Gender-neutral language ... language text, Articles containing Latin-language text, Articles containing French-language text, Articles containing Italian- ...
Topics in Language Disorders. 27 (3): 226-241. doi:10.1097/01.TLD.0000285357.95426.72. ISSN 0271-8294. PMC 2804985. PMID ... also known as Autism Spectrum Disorder, is a series of developmental disorders that impair the abilities of communicating and ... Christensen, Deborah (April 1, 2016). "Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years ... "An Evolution of Virtual Reality Training Designs for Children With Autism and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders". ...
"How Can Comorbidity with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Aid Understanding of Language and Speech Disorders?". Topics ... On the DSM Axis I, major depressive disorder is a very common comorbid disorder. The Axis II personality disorders are often ... OCD and eating disorders have a high rate of occurrence, it is estimated that 20-60% of patients with an eating disorder have ... CS1 uses Russian-language script (ru), CS1 Russian-language sources (ru), Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from ...
Topics in Language Disorders. 25 (4): 338-352. Brinton, Bonnie; Fujiki, Martin; Robinson, Lee A. (2005). "New Dean of Graduate ... "Social Skills of Children with Specific Language Impairment" in Language Speech Hearing Services in Schools Vol. 27, Issue 3 ( ... Much of their work has been published in either the Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders or the Journal of Speech and ... Brinton and Fujiki met while both were Ph.D. students at the University of Utah in speech language pathology. Since their ...
Some examples include expressive language disorder, receptive-expressive language disorder, phonologic disorder, and stuttering ... Speech and communication disorders refers to issues involving language and related areas such as oral motor function. ... "Communication/Speech/Language Disorders". Kennedy Krieger Institute. Retrieved 17 December 2020. "Bogart-Bacall syndrome, ... of the population and can range from muscle tension dysphonia to speech and language disorders. Further studies need to be ...
Meyerson, M. D. (2003). "Book Review: Greene & Mathieson's The Voice and Its Disorders (6th edition)". Topics in Language ... She was elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists in 1957. She was also the editor of its ... The Voice and its Disorders 1960. Learning to Talk. A guide for parents. London, William Heinemann. "RCSLT Honours Roll Call". ... In 1957 Greene published The Voice and its Disorders, which represented a major contribution to the clinical assessment and ...
The loss of writing ability may present with other language or neurological disorders; disorders appearing commonly with ... "Post-stroke language disorders". Acta Clin Croat. 50 (1): 79-94. PMID 22034787. Lorch M (August 2013). "Written language ... Pure agraphia is the impairment in written language production without any other language or cognitive disorder. Agraphia can ... "The history of written language disorders: Reexamining Pitres' case (1884) of pure agraphia" (PDF). Brain Lang. 85 (2): 271-9. ...
Topic in Language Disorders. 37, 334-347. Beukelman, D., Hux, K., Dietz, A., McKelvey, M., & Weissling, K. (2015). Using Visual ... was a speech-language pathologist who specialized in augmentative and alternative communication and communication disorders ... He was the Barkley Professor Emeritus of Communication Disorders at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and used to be the ... ISBN 9781598572681 Management Motor Speech Disorders, Authors Kathryn M. Yorkston, David R. Beukelman, Edythe A. Strand, Mark ...
Bliss, Lynn S.; McCabe, Allyssa (2008). "Personal Narratives". Topics in Language Disorders. 28 (2): 162-177. doi:10.1097/01. ... and cultural and language differences and preventing misdiagnoses of language deficits based on culture or language, ... Topics in Language Disorders. 30 (2): 145-153. doi:10.1097/tld.0b013e3181e04056. ISSN 0271-8294. S2CID 143658852. McCabe, ... a language skill). McCabe and colleagues use the comprehensive language approach to recommend that preschools emphasize ...
Language delays may impact expressive language, receptive language, or both. Communication disorders may impact articulation, ... Communication disorders or developmental language delays may occur for several different reasons. Language delays may be ... often demonstrate language delays. Evaluation of children with language delays is necessary to determine whether the language ... developmental disorders, or neurological disorders. A specific physical disability or communication disorder can be more easily ...
Language disorders in children are problems with the development of language skills. ... Language disorders in children are problems with the development of language skills. ... Language disorders are rarely caused by a lack of intelligence.. Language disorders are not the same as delayed language. With ... Specific developmental language disorder; SLI; Communication disorder - language disorder ...
A language disorder is a condition defined as a condition that limits or altogether stops natural speech. A language disorder ... Lahey, Margaret; Bloom, Lois (1988). Language Disorders and Language Development. New York: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-02-367130-2 ... The following is a list of language disorders. ... Language disorders, Lists of diseases, Disability-related lists ...
... and consumer education materials about Child Language Disorders (School Age/Adolescent). ... Child Language Disorders (School Age/Adolescent) ASHA Policy Documents. *Roles and Responsibilities of Speech-Language ... speech-language pathologists; speech, language, and hearing scientists; audiology and speech-language pathology assistants; and ... American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. 2200 Research Blvd., Rockville, MD 20850. Members: 800-498-2071. Non-Member: 800- ...
... resource for researchers and clinicians who share an interest in spoken and written language development and disorders across ... Topics in Language Disorders (TLD) is a double-blind peer-reviewed topical journal that has dual purposes: (1) to serve as a ... Topics in Language Disorders. You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. Please enable scripts ... In this issue of Topics in Language Disorders, our editorial team has assembled a collection of work that reveals some deeper ...
... namely speech sound disorder (SSD), language impairment (LI), and reading disability (RD), at three levels of analysis: ... we critically review the evidence for overlap among three developmental disorders, ... Relations among speech, language, and reading disorders Annu Rev Psychol. 2009;60:283-306. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707 ... namely speech sound disorder (SSD), language impairment (LI), and reading disability (RD), at three levels of analysis: ...
... which is disturbance of language skills as the result of brain damage; apraxia of speech, which is a disorder of movements ... which is a swallowing disorder that makes eating solid foods difficult. ... Disorders of language, speech, and swallowing include aphasia, ... Risk Factors: Language, speech, and swallowing disorders are ... Condition: Disorders of language, speech, and swallowing include aphasia, which is disturbance of language skills as the result ...
What teachers should know about speech and language impairments, and how to help students with impairments succeed in school. ... Students with language disorders may have trouble understanding or being understood through all forms of communication - verbal ... By addressing special needs and offering support when needed, you can help students with a speech and language disorders learn ... If your student is being treated for a speech or language problem, part of the treatment may include seeing a speech-language ...
Here, a speech-language pathologist explains a typical school evaluation process. ... Language Disorders vs. ADHD: Overview. A language disorder often manifests as deficits that may include (but are not limited to ... "Is It a Language Disorder? Or Is It ADHD? How Schools Evaluate Students" As a speech-language pathologist (SLP) in a public ... As a speech-language pathologist (SLP) in a public school, I commonly evaluate for language disorders, which can look a lot ...
... of childhood test substantially below their expected level in the development of ability to express themselves in language. ... mental disorder » neurodevelopmental disorder » Communication Disorders » language disorder. *mental disorder » language ... mental disorder » neurodevelopmental disorder » Communication Disorders. *mental disorder » Disorders Usually First Diagnosed ... mental disorder » Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence » Communication Disorders ...
... progressive speech and language disorders. The research found that ... Speech and language disorders are not the same as Alzheimers dementia, which is characterized by the loss of memory. ... Speech and language disorders are typically characterized by people losing their ability to communicate - they cant find words ... Progressive speech and language disorders are degenerative and ultimately lead to death anywhere from 8-10 years after ...
Speech-Language Pathologist , 240 Hall Coordinator. Areas of Expertise. Speech-Language Pathology , Academic Language Therapy/ ... Speech-Language Pathologist , 230 Hall Coordinator. Areas of Expertise. Speech-Language Pathology , Academic Language Therapy/ ... Speech-Language Pathologist. Areas of Expertise. Speech-Language Pathology , Evaluations , Academic Language Therapy/Dyslexia ... Speech-Language Pathologist , Enrollment Coordinator. Areas of Expertise. Speech-Language Pathology , Academic Language Therapy ...
Health Information on Leg Injuries and Disorders: MedlinePlus Multiple Languages Collection ... Leg Injuries and Disorders: MedlinePlus Health Topic - English Lesiones y enfermedades de la pierna: Tema de salud de ... Characters not displaying correctly on this page? See language display issues.. Return to the MedlinePlus Health Information in ... URL of this page: https://medlineplus.gov/languages/leginjuriesanddisorders.html Other topics A-Z. ...
... and treat people with a variety of communication disorders. ... Speech Language Pathology Our program. Our Speech-Language ... The Speech-Language Pathology (SLP) program prepares professionals to assess, diagnose, ... language pathology graduate program at Central Michigan University is committed to the development of exemplary speech-language ... The Master of Arts (M.A.) in speech-language pathology {residential} at Central Michigan University is accredited by the ...
Topics in Language Disorders, (TLD) is a double-blind peer-reviewed journal that has as its major purposes: (1) bringing ... Topics in Language Disorders. July/September 2008 Volume : 28 Issue Number : 3 ... Talk in Interaction in the Speech-Language Pathology Clinic: Bringing Theory to Practice Through Discourse Margaret M. Leahy ... Collaborative Script-Based Experiences for Bilingual Speech-Language Pathology Trainees Lisa M. Bedore PhD,Anita Méndez Pérez ...
Donations to the DuBard School for Language Disorders help bridge the gap between state funding and what is needed for our ... DuBard School for Language Disorders. 118 College Drive #5215. Hattiesburg, MS 39406-0001 ... DuBard School for Language Disorders. 118 College Dr. #5215. Hattiesburg, MS 39406 ... The Value of Language. The gift of communication - and all the opportunities it can provide - requires highly specialized, ...
Speech-Language Pathology, Transitional MS (Communication Sciences and Disorders). School of Allied Health Professions ... They typically evaluate and treat speech and language disorders in children and adults. The masters degree is entry level for ... Speech-Language Pathology, MS. Program Description. PROFESSION Speech-Language Pathologists work in a variety of settings, ... Speech-Language Pathologists evaluate and provide services to individuals who have problems in the following areas: ...
Linguistic : Application of LSA to predict linguistic maturity and language disorder in children. *Mark ... we also discuss if and how such methods can be applied in clinical or educational contexts for diagnosis of language disorder ... we also discuss if and how such methods can be applied in clinical or educational contexts for diagnosis of language disorder ... we also discuss if and how such methods can be applied in clinical or educational contexts for diagnosis of language disorder ...
Recently, an international consensus agreed on the term Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) to describe this difficulty. The ... Historically, there has been no consistency in the term used to describe this disorder, which has made it difficult for ... often see children on their caseload who exhibit a persistent delay in language development for no discernable reason. ... Developmental Language Disorder (DLD): A persistent language disorder of unknown aetiology. Communication Sciences and ...
The main professional options for specialists in communication and language disorders include:. • Private Speech Therapist.. • ... University Masters Degree in Communication and Language Disorders Next pre-registration: scheduled for January 2024 ... evaluations and interventions in the field of communication and language disorders, not only regarding their effects on those ... as well as in hospital units working with patients presenting different types of language difficulties. Other specialists ...
Mixed Receptive-Expressive Language Disorder. June 23, 2022. January 9, 2023. Dr. Meenakshi Chauhan ... Mixed Receptive-Expressive Language Disorder Do you have concerns over your childs communication and understanding abilities? ...
Four groups of children are being recruited by Jill Hoover for a study to better understand language and cognition in childhood ... Children Ages 3-17 Needed for National Study on Relationship Between Language and Cognition in Language Disorders ... Children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD), ages 4 to 8 years old; ... Hoover for a national longitudinal study to advance the understanding of language and cognition in childhood language disorders ...
Language, Speech, Hearing Services in Schools, 26, 180-186.. Nippold, M. (1990). Concomitant speech and language disorders in ... A final thought on the case presented here is that treatment of concomitant stuttering and language/articulation disorder can ... Speech/language clinicians have reported the onset of stuttering during the course of treating a youngsters language or speech ... If you are the parent of a child who is receiving speech and language therapy focusing on making sounds, words, or sentences ...
Remove Autism and Developmental Disorders filterAutism and Developmental Disorders. *Abuse - Emotional, Physical, Sexual (1) ... Finding a counsellor or psychologist that speaks your native language may be important to you. If you are looking for a ...
... speech disorders and their comorbidity with developmental disabilities and mental health conditions. ... This federal government website contains educational information about language & ... Children are born ready to learn a language, but they need to learn the language or languages that their family and environment ... Learning a language takes time, and children vary in how quickly they master milestones in language and speech development. ...
Language Disorders. Language Disorders. by Natasha Boskic. Language disorders fall into three categories. Information on each ... Apraxia is an umbrella term that covers a set of disorders that have to do with the motor aspect of language. Children with ... Receptive Language Difficulties. Children with receptive language difficulties have trouble understanding what others may be ... Expressive Language Difficulties. Children with expressive language difficulties have trouble letting others know what they ...
DLD-Global-Oulu investigates the early risk and protective factors for developmental language disorder (DLD) with machine ... Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) have difficulties with language development without any known cause. DLD ... Early prediction and prevention of developmental language disorder DLD-Global-Oulu DLD-Global-Oulu investigates the early risk ... Language is the principal means of human communication; acquiring this skill is one of the most essential achievements for ...
Language Disorders: Viewpoints on a Complex Object. Gabriele Miceli (University of Trento). University of Trento. ... I will discuss some recent applications that may make work on disorders of speech perception and speech production more ... Future and Applications of Speech and Language Technologies for the Good Health of Society. Giuseppe Riccardi ... and that relate to a paramount need to develop simulations of human language that are both functional and biologically viable. ...
The current review gathers together research investigating peer interaction skills in children with Developmental Language ... Disorder (DLD) to give an overview of the strengths and challenges experienced by these children when interacting with other ... "language disorder" OR "language disorders" OR "language problems" OR "impaired language" OR "language impairment" OR "language ... "language disorder" OR "language disorders" OR "language problems" OR "impaired language" OR "language impairment" OR "language ...
... "Language is not just another subject. Language is the means by ... Psychiatric disorders are more common in language disordered than normal language learning children (Cantwell and Baker, 1991; ... The most common communication disorder is language impairment. You may ask what is language. Language is simply the invisible ... Correlates of language development in language disordered children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 50. 73-83. Sande, ...
... ... children; developmental language disorder; grammar; hearing impairment; phonology; prosody National Category ... an increased risk of developing speech and language problems similar to those of children with developmental language disorder ... Child Language Teaching and Therapy On the subject. Otorhinolaryngology Search outside of DiVA. GoogleGoogle Scholar. ...
  • A hearing test called audiometry should also be done to rule out hearing impairment, which is one of the most common causes of language problems. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In this article, we critically review the evidence for overlap among three developmental disorders, namely speech sound disorder (SSD), language impairment (LI), and reading disability (RD), at three levels of analysis: diagnostic, cognitive, and etiological. (nih.gov)
  • At 3 years, 6 months, Max exhibited moderate expressive/receptive language delays, and mild phonological impairment. (stutteringhelp.org)
  • Treating the child who stutters with concomitant language or phonological impairment. (stutteringhelp.org)
  • The most common communication disorder is language impairment. (oafccd.com)
  • The child with language impairment will have poorly developed language information. (oafccd.com)
  • Children with hearing impairment (HI) are at an increased risk of developing speech and language problems similar to those of children with developmental language disorder (DLD), including difficulties with phonology and grammar. (diva-portal.org)
  • Information on age, gender, area of residence, chief complaint / manifestation of language impairment, etiologic diagnosis, and speech-language and hearing impairment was collected. (bvsalud.org)
  • language, communication}, abstract = { Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) is an expressive and receptive method of communication that helps in developing language and communication skills for people with speech and/or language impairment. (undip.ac.id)
  • Subsequently, the PPA syndrome was defined as a disorder limited to progressive aphasia, without general cognitive impairment or dementia, over a 2-year period. (medscape.com)
  • For example, hearing impairment impairs voice modulation and can lead to disordered voice. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Troia, Hennenfent, and Shen provide a scoping review aimed at exploring the available research that describes verbal pragmatic skills development and problems in school-age children with primary language impairments and children with language learning difficulty. (lww.com)
  • Students with speech and language impairments may benefit from individualized education programs (IEPs) or 504 education plans . (kidshealth.org)
  • It's a demanding occupation, and teachers may be more sensitive to the development of speech and language impairments. (scienceblog.com)
  • Graduates will appropriately diagnose and evaluate various pathologies as well as implement appropriate treatment options for patients with speech, language, and swallowing impairments. (cmich.edu)
  • Fragile X syndrome is the most common inherited form of intellectual disability, and affected males have significant language impairments. (umass.edu)
  • Speech/language clinicians have reported the onset of stuttering during the course of treating a youngster's language or speech sound impairments. (stutteringhelp.org)
  • Communication Disorders are the largest handicapping condition in society affecting 5-10% of the general population and ranging from hearing impairments to language disorders which can be developmental in nature or acquired (Canadian Association of Speech Pathologists and Audiologists). (oafccd.com)
  • Speech-Language Pathologists evaluate and provide services to individuals who have problems in the following areas: articulation, language, stuttering, voice, hearing, cognitive aspects of communication, social aspects of communication, and swallowing, or who need to learn to use a communication modality other than speech. (llu.edu)
  • A final thought on the case presented here is that treatment of concomitant stuttering and language/articulation disorder can be successful, when careful review and planning occur. (stutteringhelp.org)
  • Articulation disorders: Most children with disordered articulation have no detectable physical cause. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Hearing disorders and structural abnormalities (eg, of the tongue, lip, or palate) can also impair articulation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These conditions are sometimes misdiagnosed as developmental disorders. (medlineplus.gov)
  • For these reasons, it does not cover diagnoses such as pervasive developmental disorders, speech and language disorders, or the organic brain syndromes. (cdc.gov)
  • MBDDs were identified based on parents' affirmative responses larly concerning for adolescents with diagnosed mental, behav- to the question "Has a doctor or other health care provider ever ioral, and developmental disorders (MBDDs) ( 3 ), who account told you that this child has (specified disorder)? (cdc.gov)
  • NSCH), comparing adolescents, aged 12-17 years, with and depression), and "developmental disorders" (ASD, learning dis- without MBDDs on a composite measure and specific indica- ability, intellectual disability, developmental delay, or speech or tors of recommended health care transition planning by PCPs. (cdc.gov)
  • Patients with speech disorders (apraxia of speech or dysarthria) may have slow speech, difficulty pronouncing words or sounds, speech errors, choppy speech, mumbling, or alterations in voice. (aapmr.org)
  • Apraxia is an umbrella term that covers a set of disorders that have to do with the motor aspect of language. (ubc.ca)
  • Children with apraxia understand language well, but their brain seems unable to make their mouths move in order to produce the words necessary for speech. (ubc.ca)
  • In the classroom, the regular educator can help children with developmental apraxia of speech by offering them the same type of support that they would offer children with expressive or receptive language difficulties. (ubc.ca)
  • Children with expressive and/or receptive language difficulties and those with apraxia need the help of the speech and language pathologist (SLP). (ubc.ca)
  • According to the FTC's complaint, between 2008 and late 2013, ads for Speak products made unsupported claims that the supplements develop and maintain normal, healthy speech and language capabilities in children, including those with verbal apraxia -- a motor speech disorder affecting the ability to utter sounds, syllables, and words. (ishail.org)
  • In addition, the complaint charges that ads for Speak products deceptively claimed that the supplements are effective in treating or mitigating verbal apraxia and communication and behavioral difficulties in children with an autism spectrum disorder. (ishail.org)
  • Speech-Language Pathologists, such as those working with The Therapy Spot can help with more complex speech impediments including apraxia, dysarthria, or oral myofunctional disorders that prevent communication through ongoing and consistent treatment. (momist.com)
  • Three months into this treatment phase, Max began stuttering, and intervention shifted to working on language while indirectly modeling easy speech, and discontinuing direct work on phonology. (stutteringhelp.org)
  • The final phase of treatment worked on phonology and language, while maintaining fluency. (stutteringhelp.org)
  • Adequate progress was made in language and phonology, and Max maintained his level of fluency in the classroom, individual sessions, and at home. (stutteringhelp.org)
  • While the initial treatment involved phonology and language, its nature changed markedly following the onset of stuttering, and the second phase of treatment involved facilitating a supportive and fluency-enhancing communicative atmosphere. (stutteringhelp.org)
  • In phase three, we took care to use Max's foundation of fluency skills, reinforce his success with speech, and ease back into addressing the remaining phonology and language concerns. (stutteringhelp.org)
  • How to cite (IEEE): L. D. S. Adnyani, and A. Munir, "Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) Children's Language and Communication," PAROLE: Journal of Linguistics and Education , vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 198-205, Nov. 2022. (undip.ac.id)
  • We hope this study sheds light on the ways in which language relates to cognitive skills that are foundational to academic achievement," Hoover says. (umass.edu)
  • 2. Language constitutes a principal means of organizing behaviour and is central to the normal acquisition of many cognitive and academic skills, particularly literacy. (oafccd.com)
  • Towson, Maryland -(July 4, 2018)- Centrally located near Baltimore, Maryland, Total Speech Therapy is an experienced professional speech and language therapy practice dedicated to providing the best possible care and delivering optimum results for anyone who suffers from speech, language, cognitive, or swallowing disorders. (apsense.com)
  • The industry leading practice is committed to providing the best possible care and results for people who suffer from speech, language, cognitive or swallowing disorders. (apsense.com)
  • The results indicate that while professionals in the field utilize standardized cognitive abilities tests, informal assessments, and bilingual language tests as part of their assessment battery, there is still a need for bilingual language support and a standardized RTI model across schools and districts. (ed.gov)
  • Social interventions, counseling, and speech/language/cognitive therapy to facilitate the use of spared functions may make the condition easier to bear for the patient, caregivers, and family members. (medscape.com)
  • Disorders of verbal and nonverbal communication caused by receptive or expressive LANGUAGE DISORDERS, cognitive dysfunction (e.g. (bvsalud.org)
  • A physical exam will be performed in conjunction with formal speech and language assessment tools to identify specific difficulties with speech, comprehension, reading, writing, pronunciation, control of the voice box, breath during speech, and production of different sounds. (aapmr.org)
  • For example, graduates in speech therapy and psychology will be prepared to form part of multidisciplinary groups aiding students with communication disorders, as well as in hospital units working with patients presenting different types of language difficulties. (uab.cat)
  • Children with receptive language difficulties have trouble understanding what others may be trying to tell them. (ubc.ca)
  • Many children with receptive language difficulties also have expressive language difficulties (please see below). (ubc.ca)
  • Children with receptive language difficulties do not usually have an Individual Education Plan (IEP) at school. (ubc.ca)
  • Some children with receptive language difficulties may have anxiety in social situations. (ubc.ca)
  • To learn more about receptive language difficulties, please visit the zero to six section of this course . (ubc.ca)
  • Children with expressive language difficulties have trouble letting others know what they want. (ubc.ca)
  • Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) have difficulties with language development without any known cause. (oulu.fi)
  • What Are the Peer Interaction Strengths and Difficulties in Children with Developmental Language Disorder? (mdpi.com)
  • It is clear that poorly developed language skills are strongly associated with life-long difficulties in psycho-social development (Weiner, 1985). (oafccd.com)
  • Developmental dyslexia is a disorder characterised by difficulties with reading, despite adequate intelligence and education. (napier.ac.uk)
  • Should your child be exhibiting any of the above language difficulties, it is best to contact a speech-language pathologist. (momist.com)
  • Should you find your child is having difficulties with speech or language , consider contacting a clinic near you for a comprehensive assessment. (momist.com)
  • For example, anxiety and mood disorders or adverse childhood experiences can all cause similar symptoms, and need to be ruled out in the evaluation. (additudemag.com)
  • ABSTRACT To review the experience of a child psychiatric clinic regarding co-morbidity and treatment characteristics of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a retrospective study was done on patients under 19 years who were attending the clinic and were diagnosed with ADHD. (who.int)
  • Rutter M, Graham P. Epidemiology of psychiatric disorder. (medscape.com)
  • Troia and Emam explore the relationship among characteristics of school-age children in Oman (e.g., literacy skills, cognition, behavior) and pragmatic language skills. (lww.com)
  • Four groups of children are being recruited by language development researcher Jill Hoover for a national longitudinal study to advance the understanding of language and cognition in childhood language disorders. (umass.edu)
  • This study is one of the first to look at language and cognition, specifically executive functions, over a two-year window of development in preschool and school-age children while also making comparisons across clinical groups. (umass.edu)
  • or Neural Modeling, for students who are interested in the simulation of normal and disordered language and cognition using artificial neural networks. (sdsu.edu)
  • Many children who have language problems during the preschool years will also have some language problems or learning difficulty later in childhood. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Individuals with this Communication Disorder of childhood test substantially below their expected level in the development of ability to express themselves in language. (behavenet.com)
  • An Illinois company and its owner will stop making allegedly deceptive claims that their dietary supplements are proven effective at treating childhood speech disorders, including those associated with autism, in order to settle Federal Trade Commission charges. (ishail.org)
  • In this issue of Topics in Language Disorders , our editorial team has assembled a collection of work that reveals some deeper meanings related to social communication and biographical accounts in people with communication disorders across the age span. (lww.com)
  • Thought you might appreciate this item(s) I saw in Topics in Language Disorders. (lww.com)
  • Learn more about the Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders through their 2023-2028 strategic plan. (cmich.edu)
  • A variety of assessment tools have been developed for diagnosis of the specifics of these language, speech, and swallowing disorders. (aapmr.org)
  • Progressive speech and language disorders are degenerative and ultimately lead to death anywhere from 8-10 years after diagnosis. (scienceblog.com)
  • More importantly, we also discuss if and how such methods can be applied in clinical or educational contexts for diagnosis of language disorder in different. (lu.se)
  • More importantly, we also discuss if and how such methods can be applied in clinical or educational contexts for diagnosis of language disorder in different populations, as an objective measure to complement standardized and decontextualized tests and assessment methods. (lu.se)
  • Without diagnosis and treatment, children with such a disorder may not do well in school. (staywellsolutionsonline.com)
  • The diagnosis of ADHD and co-morbid olescence characterized by a pattern of ex- disorders was based on the Diagnostic sta- treme pervasive, persistent and debilitating tistical manual of mental disorders [ 1 ]. (who.int)
  • How to cite (Vancouver): Adnyani LDS, Munir A. Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) Children's Language and Communication. (undip.ac.id)
  • The supplements -- which contain Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids and Vitamins E and K -- were advertised via the Internet, including search engine ads such as Google sponsored links and on websites, and at conferences on autism spectrum disorders. (ishail.org)
  • Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) children who lack communication can improve functional communication by personalizing AAC intervention. (undip.ac.id)
  • Problems treated range from mild language delays to the more severe language problems associated with PDD and Autism-Spectrum disorders. (comtherapy.com)
  • These considerations may include the child's communicative and language learning styles, the involvement of family members, language acquisition factors, and service delivery methods. (stutteringhelp.org)
  • Our program is designed to train future scientists in methods that will help us better understand the nature of language and communicative disorders. (sdsu.edu)
  • This training program is designed to educate clinically sophisticated scientists who will apply their research skills to the study of language and communicative disorders, and who will, likewise, apply their clinical acumen to their research endeavors. (sdsu.edu)
  • The proposed program takes advantage of the rich intellectual resources available in the San Diego, and in particular, the SDSU/UCSD Joint Doctoral Program in Language and Communicative Disorders (the JDP-LCD). (sdsu.edu)
  • This paper also explores how multimodal and naturalistic AAC benefit ASD children's communicative and language skills. (undip.ac.id)
  • Children with language problems may have difficulty in social settings. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Difficulty understanding and using language can cause problems with social interaction and the ability to function independently as an adult. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Patients with swallowing disorders (dysphagia) have difficulty swallowing, may cough during or after eating or drinking, have poor nutrition or dehydration, or trouble keeping food or liquids in the mouth or safely getting it to their stomach. (aapmr.org)
  • It can look like difficulty with answering open-ended questions in social studies, interpreting story problems in math, grasping the teacher's lessons in science, following multistep directions in PE, and learning a foreign language. (additudemag.com)
  • But contrary to a child with just a language disorder, a child with ADHD may excel in these common areas of difficulty when they are particularly interested in a topic. (additudemag.com)
  • Recently, an international consensus agreed on the term Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) to describe this difficulty. (bepress.com)
  • Children who struggle with receptive language will often have difficulty understanding what their parents, teachers, or other caregivers are trying to tell them. (momist.com)
  • Receptive language problems occur when a child has difficulty understanding what words mean or what is said to them. (pediatricspeech.net)
  • Expressive language problems occur when a child has difficulty making words using the correct grammar (jumped, friend, friendly, unfriendly). (pediatricspeech.net)
  • Some children have difficulty using language for social interaction or meaningful conversations with others. (pediatricspeech.net)
  • A speech and language therapist or neuropsychologist will administer these tests. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Ask about getting a referral to a speech and language therapist. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Nearly 8% of children aged 3-17 years had a communication disorder during the past 12 months. (cdc.gov)
  • Approximately 55% of children aged 3-17 years who had any communication disorder received an intervention service during the past 12 months. (cdc.gov)
  • Some children who struggle with expressive language also struggle with receptive language. (ubc.ca)
  • Language disorders in children are problems with the development of language skills. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Language Disorders and Language Development. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our speech-language pathology graduate program at Central Michigan University is committed to the development of exemplary speech-language pathologists through a threefold mission of 1) teaching, 2) service, and 3) research. (cmich.edu)
  • We discuss the usefulness and potential of computerized methods to quantify semantics in research on typical and disordered language development. (lu.se)
  • Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) often see children on their caseload who exhibit a persistent delay in language development for no discernable reason. (bepress.com)
  • It is clear that language acquisition is an integral component in the development of an individual (Allen & Rapin, 1980) and failure of the language system will have life-long negative impact on social, academic and vocational success (Weiner, 1985). (oafccd.com)
  • This study investigated similarities and differences in phonological and grammatical production between children with bilateral sensorineural HI (n = 14) and children with DLD (n = 30) between 4-6 years of age and age-matched controls with typical language development and normal hearing (TLD) (n = 29), all with Swedish as their first language. (diva-portal.org)
  • After a comprehensive assessment of a child's language development that pinpoints both strengths and weaknesses, we work with children and their parents to improve language skills. (comtherapy.com)
  • Although screening for these disorders has not been widely implemented, the potential to treat these disorders is likely to drive further efforts at development. (medscape.com)
  • can interfere with language development. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Patients with language disorders (aphasia) may have trouble speaking, understanding spoken language, reading, or writing, depending on the brain region that is affected. (aapmr.org)
  • Some medications may be helpful in treating language disorders (aphasia). (aapmr.org)
  • Aphasia is a common consequence of damage to the side of the brain, that severely limits the individual's ability to communicate by means of language. (superlectures.com)
  • Up to 1 of every 20 children has symptoms of a language disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Children with language disorders may have one, two, or many of the symptoms listed below. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Symptoms will depend on the underlying causes of the disorder. (aapmr.org)
  • Every patient's symptoms, disorders and needs are unique. (apsense.com)
  • What are the symptoms of language disorders in a child? (staywellsolutionsonline.com)
  • Is Your Young Child Exhibiting Symptoms Of A Language Disorder? (momist.com)
  • The authors conclude that the prevalence of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders based on positive symptoms and positive physical exam findings was low. (cdc.gov)
  • Accumulated data indicate that hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be effective under optimal conditions in preventing the progression of central nervous system symptoms in neuronopathic forms of lysosomal storage diseases (such as Krabbe disease), including some of the mucopolysaccharidoses, oligosaccharidoses, sphingolipidoses, and lipidoses as well as peroxisome disorders such as X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. (medscape.com)
  • At times, language disorders may be part of the cause of severe behavioral problems. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Depression, anxiety, and other emotional or behavioral problems may complicate language disorders. (medlineplus.gov)
  • timely health care transition planning might mitigate adverse categorized as "behavioral disorders" (attention-deficit/hyper- outcomes ( 5 , 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Secondary dysarthria can result from neurologic disorders that impair innervation or coordination of speech muscles. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Is there a history of speech-language delays in the family? (additudemag.com)
  • If by preschool age, you find your child is struggling with speaking, if there's an inability to join words together, or grasp simple grammatical concepts when putting together short sentences, they might be experiencing speech-language delays. (momist.com)
  • Disorders of language, speech and swallowing that result from stroke, trauma, and lack of oxygen typically improve over time, while progressive disorders result in variable improvements depending on treatment and the specifics of the underlying problem. (aapmr.org)
  • Speech and language disorders are typically characterized by people losing their ability to communicate - they can't find words to use in sentences, or they'll speak around a word. (scienceblog.com)
  • They typically evaluate and treat speech and language disorders in children and adults. (llu.edu)
  • Typically, language disorders fall into one of the two categories - expressive or receptive. (momist.com)
  • Neurologic disorders (eg, stroke, traumatic brain injury) may also cause stuttering. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The results have implications for language assessment and planning of intervention. (diva-portal.org)
  • Policies regarding the assessment of ELLs have undergone many changes through the years, such as the introduction of a Response to Intervention (RTI) model, assessment in both first and second languages, and utilization of supplemental assessments. (ed.gov)
  • Objective: Report on HP 2020 objectives and describe innovative assessment procedures for tracking objectives in the " Hearing and Other Sensory or Communication Disorders" topic area. (cdc.gov)
  • Although most people who binge drink do not have a severe alcohol use disorder, binge drinking is a harmful risk behavior associated with serious injuries and multiple diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • Speech and language therapy is the best approach to treating this type of language disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Speech-language therapy is used to maximize communication skills. (aapmr.org)
  • Therapy for swallowing disorders includes strategies for reducing the risk of choking and aspirating food into the lungs, improving positioning for eating, exercises to improve swallowing, and thickening liquids or changing textures of solids. (aapmr.org)
  • Treatment is aimed at improving skills through speech-language therapy. (kidshealth.org)
  • He began therapy working on improving language skills and increasing his use of speech sounds. (stutteringhelp.org)
  • At this point, we discontinued direct work on speech sounds and language, and began direct fluency therapy, with the following goals: (1) reproduction of slow and easy speech, (2) identification of stuttered speech in conversation, and (3) provision of parental support and resources. (stutteringhelp.org)
  • This required involvement on the part of Max's parents in the form of participating in the treatment sessions, altering their own patterns of speech, language, and communication, and allowing the therapy to take place in their home. (stutteringhelp.org)
  • The right language and voice therapy can improve confidence, increase comprehension, and empower anyone to more fully experience and interact with the world around them. (apsense.com)
  • Total Speech Therapy is a professional speech and language therapy practice located in Towson, Maryland. (apsense.com)
  • A child who is an emergent bilingual also displays characteristics that may make them appear delayed when they are simply in the normal process of second language acquisition. (additudemag.com)
  • Although the precise timing of this critical period is unclear, a great deal of research suggests that the preschool and school years are an optimal period for the acquisition of many language skills (Funk & Ruppert, 1984 and Owens, 1988). (oafccd.com)
  • This study aimed to describe the first language acquisition of 3 years old children who experience language disorders in the category of language disorders experienced and factors causing language disorders. (atlantis-press.com)
  • This paper is based on literature to promote AAC interventions to enhance English language acquisition in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children. (undip.ac.id)
  • The Master of Arts (M.A.) in speech-language pathology {residential} at Central Michigan University is accredited by the Council on Academic Accreditation in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2200 Research Boulevard, #310, Rockville, MD 20850, 800-498-2071 or 301-296-5700. (cmich.edu)
  • This program is accredited by The Council on Academic Accreditation in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology of the American Speech-Language Hearing Association (www.professional.asha.org) and the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing. (llu.edu)
  • Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Speech language pathology, Audiology and Otorhinolaryngology. (diva-portal.org)
  • and dysphagia, which is a swallowing disorder that makes eating and drinking difficult and potentially unsafe. (aapmr.org)
  • Communication disorders affect 14 million people in the United States and are most commonly associated with stroke. (aapmr.org)
  • The research is supported by a five-year, $2.4-million grant from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders , split evenly between UMass Amherst, where Hoover is the principal investigator, and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where the principal investigator is associate professor Audra Sterling. (umass.edu)
  • All communication disorders, including voice disorders, may interfere with academic performance and social relationships. (msdmanuals.com)
  • retrospective study of 482 archives of patients with speech-language disorders between July 1998 and July 2008. (bvsalud.org)
  • Conclusion: Across studies of different linguistically diverse groups, research teams are seeking answers to similar questions about child language screening and diagnostic practices, using similar analytical approaches to answer their questions, and finding promising results with tools focused on morphosyntax. (ed.gov)
  • RESUME Afin d'examiner l'expérience d'une clinique de pédopsychiatrie en ce qui concerne la comorbidité et les caractéristiques du traitement des enfants souffrant d'hyperactivité avec déficit de l'attention (HADA), une étude rétrospective a été réalisée auprès des patients de moins de 19 ans qui consultaient à la clinique et chez lesquels un diagnostic de HADA avait été posé. (who.int)
  • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. (medscape.com)
  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder cation and type of psychotherapy offered. (who.int)
  • A swallowing disorder is estimated to occur in 60% of long-term health care facility residents and 30% of general medicine inpatients. (aapmr.org)
  • The authors discuss pragmatic language skills as well as biographical approaches to explore language and communication disorders. (lww.com)
  • These higher level language skills are also referred to as pragmatic language. (comtherapy.com)
  • Our Speech-Language Pathology program leads to eligibility for clinical certification and focuses on preparing professionals to assess, diagnose, and clinically treat people with a variety of communication disorders. (cmich.edu)
  • Graduates will complete the variety of coursework and supervised clinical experiences necessary to meet the requirements for the Certificate of Clinical Competence in Speech-Language Pathology (CCC-SLP) from the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA). (cmich.edu)
  • Purpose: Although the 5 studies presented within this clinical forum include children who differ widely in locality, language learning profile, and age, all were motivated by a desire to improve the accuracy at which developmental language disorder is identified within linguistically diverse schools. (ed.gov)
  • Importantly, for those trainees who chose to become clinically certified speech-language pathologists, a special clinical track is available. (sdsu.edu)
  • Travel, for business or pleasure, can exacerbate SUDs, cause clinical deterioration in people with a chemical dependence disorder, and impede participation in recovery support systems (e.g., 12-step groups) that help people maintain abstinence from substance use. (cdc.gov)
  • Lysosomal storage diseases describe a heterogeneous group of dozens of rare inherited disorders characterized by the accumulation of undigested or partially digested macromolecules, which ultimately results in cellular dysfunction and clinical abnormalities. (medscape.com)
  • Early in the treatment process, these therapists will provide parents with resources to help them increase their knowledge of language disorders, and discuss with them the benefits of intervention. (momist.com)
  • Increasing the proportion of children with voice, swallowing, speech, or language disorders who receive intervention services is a Healthy People 2020 goal. (cdc.gov)
  • Timely receipt of intervention services is shown to be effective for treatment of communication disorders. (cdc.gov)
  • Further, of those with a communication disorder, the percentage who received intervention services is also reported. (cdc.gov)
  • Among those with any communication disorder, younger children, boys, and non-Hispanic white children were more likely than other children to receive an intervention service for their disorder. (cdc.gov)
  • In this chapter we will describe applications of latent semantic analysis to assess semantic linguistic maturity in children and how well the method can predict whether a child has developmental language disorder (DLD), based on orally produced narratives. (lu.se)
  • Historically, there has been no consistency in the term used to describe this disorder, which has made it difficult for families to both understand and help with the problem. (bepress.com)
  • to assess the association between speech-language disorders related to hearing loss and to describe it regarding gender, chief complaint, and type and degree of hearing loss. (bvsalud.org)
  • With delayed language, the child develops speech and language in the same way as other children, but later. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The child may have some language skills, but not others. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A medical history may reveal that the child has close relatives who have also had speech and language problems. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Any child suspected of having this disorder can have standardized receptive and expressive language tests. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Is the child meeting language milestones on time? (additudemag.com)
  • Using signs and gestures in combination with oral language when communicating with the child (Fig. 1). (ubc.ca)
  • 3. As the language-delayed child ages, the gap between himself/herself and his/her peers widens (Wiig and Semel, 1984). (oafccd.com)
  • Developing a relationship with your primary care givers can be a major challenge when a child is language impaired. (oafccd.com)
  • The practice's highly trained experts provide a personalized and unique approach for any adult or child to address a variety of causes that contribute to any type of speech disorder. (apsense.com)
  • A child will often have both disorders at the same time. (staywellsolutionsonline.com)
  • What causes language disorders in a child? (staywellsolutionsonline.com)
  • A child with a language disorder will have the same problems in all languages. (staywellsolutionsonline.com)
  • A child with expressive language disorder has trouble using language. (staywellsolutionsonline.com)
  • How are language disorders diagnosed in a child? (staywellsolutionsonline.com)
  • Your child's healthcare provider will likely refer your child to a speech-language pathologist (SLP). (staywellsolutionsonline.com)
  • How are language disorders treated in a child? (staywellsolutionsonline.com)
  • The SLP will use different age-appropriate methods to help your child with language and communication. (staywellsolutionsonline.com)
  • How can I help my child live with a language disorder? (staywellsolutionsonline.com)
  • A language disorder can be frustrating for parents and teachers, and also for the child. (staywellsolutionsonline.com)
  • Thankfully, the earlier parents seek special attention for their child, the faster they're able to move passed the roadblocks that language poses for them. (momist.com)
  • They will first observe the child to see how they're engaging with speech and language both in the home or in their day care/preschool. (momist.com)
  • The program plan is organized around three areas of emphasis: Child Language, Adult Language, and Multilingualism. (sdsu.edu)
  • In general, transplantation yields the best results when performed early in the course of the disease (ie, in an asymptomatic affected sibling of a child with a lysosomal storage disorder), in centers with experience in performing transplantations to treat inherited metabolic disorders, and in patients healthy enough to tolerate the conditioning and transplantation regimen. (medscape.com)