Lateral Medullary Syndrome
Vertebral Artery
Sensation Disorders
Medulla Oblongata
Analysis of the perception of and reactivity to pain and heat in patients with wallenberg syndrome and severe spinothalamic tract dysfunction. (1/40)
BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to assess the consequences of severe spinothalamic tract lesions resulting from lateral medullary infarct and to show that a specific pain perception can be elicited by strong thermal stimulation. CASE DESCRIPTIONS: Both patients examined presented with severe thermoalgic dissociation of the limbs contralateral to the lesion, with normal discriminative somatosensory perception and motor strength. They reported pain perception when touching very warm (>50 degrees C to 60 degrees C) objects and a brisk, occasionally uncontrolled withdrawal reaction of the arm and hand under the same conditions, without any perception of the heat nature of the stimulus. Warm stimulation, <45 degrees C, elicited no thermal perception or discrimination. Pain perception could be elicited in both patients by increasing the temperature, with a reproducible threshold of 47 degrees C to 49 degrees C. Pain always occurred after a prolonged delay of 8 to 10 seconds in response to threshold heat, and was described as deep and osseous, and clearly different from that perceived on the nonaffected side. The delay was much shorter when the temperature was increased by 4 degrees C to 5 degrees C. Cold stimulation elicited similar pain perception in one patient. Analysis of subjective perception of laser stimulation showed a much higher pain threshold on the affected hand. There were no laser-evoked potentials on this side, which suggested major spinothalamic injury. Assessment of the RIII noxious reflex revealed persistent response withdrawal reactions, with an increased threshold on the affected side, and partial consciousness of the noxious nature of the stimulus. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first description of the appearance of pain perception of high temperatures in patients with severe spinothalamic injury who are suffering from a complete loss of temperature perception. This implies that noxious thermal stimulation can still be perceived via extra spinothalamic pathways (which are slow and multisynaptic), such as the spinoreticulothalamic tract. Patients with Wallenberg syndrome should be informed and made aware of their residual perception of and reactions to noxious stimulation. (+info)Blink reflex R2 changes and localisation of lesions in the lower brainstem (Wallenberg's syndrome): an electrophysiological and MRI study. (2/40)
OBJECTIVES: Pathways of late blink reflexes are detected by high resolution MRI. Electronically matched stroke lesions superimposed to an anatomical atlas show the suspected course. METHODS: Fifteen patients with infarction of the lower brainstem, MRI lesions and electrically elicited blink reflexes were examined. The involved structures in patients with R2 and R2c blink reflex changes were identified by biplane high resolution MRI with individual slices matched to an anatomical atlas at 10 different levels using digital postprocessing methods. RESULTS: The blink reflexes were normal in five of 15 patients (33%) and showed loss or delay of R2 and R2c to stimulation ipsilaterally to lesion (R2-i and R2c-i) in eight (53%). Loss or delay of R2-i/R2c-i was seen in lesions covering the entire trigeminal spinal tract and nucleus (TSTN) at at least one level. These infarctions were located more dorsally within the medulla. Patients with normal blink reflexes showed lesions sparing or involving the TSTN only partially. They more often had incomplete Wallenberg's syndromes and MRI lesions were located more ventrally. CONCLUSIONS: Using digital postprocessing MRI methods it was possible to identify central pathways of late blink reflex in patients with Wallenberg's syndrome. This method is suggested as a new approach to identify incompletely understood functional structures of the brainstem. (+info)Sensory sequelae of medullary infarction: differences between lateral and medial medullary syndrome. (3/40)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A comparison between long-term sensory sequelae of lateral medullary infarction (LMI) and medial medullary infarction (MMI) has never been made. METHODS: We studied 55 patients with medullary infarction (41 with LMI and 14 with MMI) who were followed up for >6 months. We examined and interviewed the patients with the use of a structured format regarding the most important complaints, functional disabilities, and the presence of sensory symptoms. The nature and the intensity of sensory symptoms were assessed with the modified McGill-Melzack Pain Questionnaire and the visual analog scale, respectively. RESULTS: There were 43 men and 12 women, with an average age of 59 years. Mean follow-up period was 21 months. The sensory symptoms were the most important residual sequelae in LMI patients and the second most important in MMI patients. In LMI patients, the severity of residual sensory symptoms was significantly related to the initial severity of objective sensory deficits (P<0.05). Sensory symptoms were most often described by LMI patients as numbness (39%), burning (35%), and cold (22%) in the face, and cold (38%), numbness (29%), and burning (27%) in the body/limbs, whereas they were described as numbness (60%), squeezing (30%) and cold (10%), but never as burning, in their body/limbs by MMI patients. LMI patients significantly (P<0.05) more often cited a cold environment as an aggravating factor for the sensory symptoms than did the MMI patients without spinothalamic sensory impairment. The subjective sensory symptoms were frequently of a delayed onset (up to 6 months) in LMI patients, whereas they usually started immediately after the onset in MMI patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that sensory symptoms are major sequelae in both LMI and MMI patients. However, the nature, the mode of onset, and aggravating factors are different between the 2 groups, which probably is related to a selective involvement of the spinothalamic tract by the former and the medial lemniscus by the latter. We suggest that the mechanisms for the central poststroke pain or paresthesia may differ according to the site of damages on the sensory tracts (spinothalamic tract versus medial lemniscal tract). (+info)Posterior fossa arteriovenous malformation associated with persistent primitive trigeminal artery--case report. (4/40)
A 21-year-old female presented with an unusual case of posterior fossa arteriovenous malformation (AVM) associated with ipsilateral persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA), manifesting as intraparenchymal hemorrhage involving both the brain stem and the left cerebellar hemisphere. The presenting symptoms were compatible with Wallenberg's syndrome and Foville's syndrome on the left side. She was initially treated conservatively, and subsequently with transarterial embolization followed by stereotactic radiosurgery. This case combined the rare association of posterior fossa AVM and PPTA, with the clinical presentation of intraparenchymal hemorrhage causing both Wallenberg's syndrome and Foville's syndrome. (+info)Brain stem stroke causing baroreflex failure and paroxysmal hypertension. (5/40)
BACKGROUND: Paroxysmal neurogenic hypertension has been associated with a variety of diseases affecting the brain stem but has only rarely been reported after brain stem stroke. The mechanism is thought to involve increased sympathetic activity and baroreflex dysfunction. We undertook microneurographic recordings of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MNSA) during beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP) monitoring to investigate this hypothesis. CASE DESCRIPTION: We investigated a 75-year-old woman who developed paroxysmal hypertension (BP 220/110 mm Hg) after a large left-sided medullary infarct. The paroxysms were triggered by changes in posture and were accompanied by tachycardia, diaphoresis, and headache. Serum catecholamines were substantially increased (norepinephrine level, 23.9 nmol/L 9 days after stroke; normal level, <3.8 nmol/L), and heart rate variability, measured by spectral analysis, was decreased in both low- and high-frequency domains (0.04 and 0.06 ms(2), respectively; normal level, 0.14+/-0.02 ms(2)). MNSA was increased in frequency (61 bursts per minute; normal level, 34+/-18 bursts per minute), and the burst amplitude was not inversely related to diastolic BP. BP and MNSA responses to cold pressor and isometric handgrip stimuli were intact. CONCLUSIONS: Extensive unilateral infarction of the brain stem in the region of the nucleus tractus solitarius may result in partial baroreflex dysfunction, increased sympathetic activity, and neurogenic paroxysmal hypertension. (+info)Dysphagia in lateral medullary infarction (Wallenberg's syndrome): an acute disconnection syndrome in premotor neurons related to swallowing activity? (6/40)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We have investigated the pathophysiological mechanisms of dysphagia in Wallenberg's syndrome (WS) that are due to lateral medullary infarction (LMI). METHODS: Twenty patients with WS were evaluated by means of clinical and electrophysiological methods that measured the oropharyngeal phase of voluntarily initiated swallowing. For comparison, 22 patients with unilateral hemispheric infarction were investigated during the acute stage of stroke, and 4 patients with unilateral peripheral 9th and 10th cranial nerve palsies were studied. Age-matched 30 healthy control subjects were also included in the study. RESULTS: It was found that dysphagia was clinically more severe in WS patients than in the patients in the other groups. The pharyngeal phase of swallowing was predominantly impaired, whereas in patients with hemispheric stroke, dysphagia was related only to the delay of triggering of the voluntarily induced swallowing. In WS patients, the swallowing reflex was extremely slow in spite of the unilateral involvement due to LMI, whereas the pharyngeal phase of reflex swallowing remained within normal limits in patients with unilateral hemispheric stroke and patients with unilateral peripheral 9th and 10th cranial nerve palsies. CONCLUSIONS: Although in WS the lesion due to LMI is unilateral, its effect on oropharyngeal swallowing is bilateral. In LMI, primarily the premotor neurons in the nucleus ambiguous and their connections seem to be affected. Consequently, a disruption and/or disconnection of their linkage to swallowing-related cranial motor neuron pools bilaterally and to the contralateral nucleus ambiguous could produce the swallowing disorders in WS. However, the remaining intact ipsilateral premotor neurons and the contralateral center in the medulla oblongata may eventually begin to operate and overcome the severity and long-term persistence of dysphagia. (+info)Neurofibromatosis type 1 with basilar artery fusiform aneurysm manifesting Wallenberg's syndrome. (7/40)
A case of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) manifesting Wallenberg's syndrome and fusiform aneurysm of the basilar artery is reported. The patient suddenly developed dysarthria, walking difficulty and sensory disturbance. Neurological examination suggested Wallenberg's syndrome and MR imaging confirmed an ischemic lesion at the left lateral medulla oblongata. Cerebral angiography revealed a fusiform aneurysm at the middle portion of the basilar artery. However, there was no occlusive change in either the posterior inferior cerebellar artery or the vertebral artery. The clinical and radiological features are discussed together with a review of NF1 cases with intracranial aneurysms in the literature. (+info)Delayed central respiratory dysfunction after Wallenberg's syndrome--case report. (8/40)
A 68-year-old man presented with Wallenberg's syndrome consisting of ataxia, dysphagia, hypesthesia on the left side of the body, and Horner's syndrome on the right. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed a right lateral medullary infarction and small multiple lacunae scattered in the upper medulla. Neurological symptoms improved in a week and the patient was discharged with mild residual hypesthesia on the left side. However, 31 days later, he was emergently admitted after suddenly becoming apneic and losing consciousness. MR imaging detected no new lesion. The patient was placed under ventilation support for 48 hours before regaining normal respiratory function. Medullary infarction sometimes causes catastrophic respiratory failure, but Wallenberg's syndrome caused by lateral medullary infarction is rarely associated with central respiratory dysfunction, and delayed onset of central respiratory dysfunction is extremely unusual. Delayed onset of central respiratory failure is a life-threatening complication of the medullary infarction causing Wallenberg's syndrome, which in general is not recognized. (+info)Lateral Medullary Syndrome, also known as Wallenberg's syndrome, is a type of stroke that affects the lateral part (side) of the medulla oblongata, which is a structure at the lower end of the brainstem. This condition is typically caused by a blockage or narrowing of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), leading to infarction (tissue death due to lack of blood supply) in this area.
The lateral medulla contains several important nerve tracts and nuclei that are responsible for various functions, including:
1. Pain and temperature sensation from the face and body
2. Facial movements and sensations
3. Eye movement control
4. Hearing
5. Vestibular function (balance)
6. Swallowing and cough reflexes
7. Cardiovascular regulation
As a result, individuals with Lateral Medullary Syndrome may experience various symptoms such as:
- Ipsilateral (same side) facial pain and temperature sensation loss
- Contralateral (opposite side) body pain and temperature sensation loss
- Vertigo, dizziness, or unsteady gait due to vestibular dysfunction
- Difficulty swallowing and hoarseness
- Horner's syndrome (drooping eyelid, small pupil, and decreased sweating on the affected side of the face)
- Nystagmus (involuntary eye movement)
- Hiccups
- Ipsilateral (same side) limb ataxia (lack of coordination)
The severity and combination of symptoms may vary depending on the extent and location of the infarction. Treatment typically involves managing underlying risk factors, such as hypertension or diabetes, and providing supportive care to address specific symptoms.
The vertebral artery is a major blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the brain and upper spinal cord. It arises from the subclavian artery, then ascends through the transverse processes of several cervical vertebrae before entering the skull through the foramen magnum. Inside the skull, it joins with the opposite vertebral artery to form the basilar artery, which supplies blood to the brainstem and cerebellum. The vertebral artery also gives off several important branches that supply blood to various regions of the brainstem and upper spinal cord.
Sensation disorders are conditions that affect the nervous system's ability to receive and interpret sensory information from the environment. These disorders can affect any of the five senses, including sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell. They can result in symptoms such as numbness, tingling, pain, or loss of sensation in various parts of the body.
Some common types of sensation disorders include:
1. Neuropathy: A disorder that affects the nerves, often causing numbness, tingling, or pain in the hands and feet.
2. Central pain syndrome: A condition that results from damage to the brain or spinal cord, leading to chronic pain.
3. Tinnitus: A ringing or buzzing sound in the ears that can be a symptom of an underlying hearing disorder.
4. Ageusia: The loss of taste sensation, often caused by damage to the tongue or nerves that transmit taste information to the brain.
5. Anosmia: The loss of smell sensation, which can result from a variety of causes including injury, infection, or neurological disorders.
Sensation disorders can have significant impacts on a person's quality of life and ability to perform daily activities. Treatment may involve medication, physical therapy, or other interventions aimed at addressing the underlying cause of the disorder.
The medulla oblongata is a part of the brainstem that is located in the posterior portion of the brainstem and continues with the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in controlling several critical bodily functions, such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. The medulla oblongata also contains nerve pathways that transmit sensory information from the body to the brain and motor commands from the brain to the muscles. Additionally, it is responsible for reflexes such as vomiting, swallowing, coughing, and sneezing.
A syndrome, in medical terms, is a set of symptoms that collectively indicate or characterize a disease, disorder, or underlying pathological process. It's essentially a collection of signs and/or symptoms that frequently occur together and can suggest a particular cause or condition, even though the exact physiological mechanisms might not be fully understood.
For example, Down syndrome is characterized by specific physical features, cognitive delays, and other developmental issues resulting from an extra copy of chromosome 21. Similarly, metabolic syndromes like diabetes mellitus type 2 involve a group of risk factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels that collectively increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.
It's important to note that a syndrome is not a specific diagnosis; rather, it's a pattern of symptoms that can help guide further diagnostic evaluation and management.
Lateral medullary syndrome
Vertebral artery dissection
Myoclonic triangle
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
Medial vestibular nucleus
Medulla oblongata
Wartenberg's syndrome
Weber's syndrome
Trigeminal nerve
Jefferson fracture
Wallenberg
Vertigo
List of MeSH codes (C10)
Lateral pontine syndrome
Nystagmus
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
Dissociated sensory loss
Horner's syndrome
Adolf Wallenberg
Medial pontine syndrome
Bulbar palsy
List of MeSH codes (C14)
Medial medullary syndrome
Brainstem stroke syndrome
List of syndromes
Chromosome 9
List of neurological conditions and disorders
Zona incerta
Gaspard Vieusseux
Chromosome 22
Lateral medullary syndrome - Wikipedia
Vertebrobasilar Stroke: Overview, Anatomy of the Vertebral and Basilar Arteries, Pathophysiology of Vertebrobasilar Stroke
Trigeminal Nerve Anatomy: Gross Anatomy, Branches of the Trigeminal Nerve, Microscopic Anatomy
Evaluation and Treatment of Swallowing Impairments | AAFP
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MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2008 MeSH
Limb-Mammary Syndrome - Ontology Browser - Rat Genome Database
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Wallenberg Syndrome - EyeWiki
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Meaghan K. Frederick, MD
Vertebrobasilar Stroke: Overview, Anatomy of the Vertebral and Basilar Arteries, Pathophysiology of Vertebrobasilar Stroke
Vertebrobasilar Stroke: Overview, Anatomy of the Vertebral and Basilar Arteries, Pathophysiology of Vertebrobasilar Stroke
Trigeminal Nerve Anatomy: Gross Anatomy, Branches of the Trigeminal Nerve, Microscopic Anatomy
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MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2008 MeSH
Browsing by Author "Akyuz, A"
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Classical stroke syndromes | Deranged Physiology
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MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2008 MeSH
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2008 MeSH
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2008 MeSH
Posterior10
- Lateral medullary syndrome is also called Wallenberg's syndrome, posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) syndrome and vertebral artery syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
- It is the clinical manifestation resulting from occlusion of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) or one of its branches or of the vertebral artery, in which the lateral part of the medulla oblongata infarcts, resulting in a typical pattern. (wikipedia.org)
- The medulla can be divided into 4 regions: anteromedial, anterolateral, lateral, and posterior ( Figure 1). (aao.org)
- The vertebral artery supplies the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), which has 3 main branches: the dorsal, medial, and lateral medullary branches. (aao.org)
- The dorsal medullary branch of PICA perfuses the posterior medulla. (aao.org)
- This list includes dominant and non-dominant MCA infarction, medial and lateral medullary syndromes, anterior and posterior cerebral artery syndromes and the basilar artery syndrome. (derangedphysiology.com)
- The AChA is a branch of the internal carotid artery and supplies multiple structures including the posterior limb of the internal capsule, the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus, and the lateral geniculate body. (nowyouknowneuro.com)
- Lesions to the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) or vertebral artery can cause Wallenberg syndrome (lateral medullary syndrome). (nowyouknowneuro.com)
- Longitudinal flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon tears are sometimes complicated by posterior ankle impingement syndrome [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
- A weight-bearing lateral plain radiographic view of the loose bodies in the posterior ankle extra-articular space is shown in Figure 2 . (hindawi.com)
Ipsilateral3
- Clinical manifestations include ipsilateral Horner syndrome, palatal weakness, hemi-ataxia, and contralateral sensory disturbances. (nowyouknowneuro.com)
- Paralysis of the body is not characteristic of lateral medullary syndrome, but ipsilateral paralysis of palate and vocal cord does happen. (suzumgerecleri.com)
- Damage to the descending hypothalamic-autonomic pathway, in the lateral medulla or spinal cord, causes an ipsilateral central Horner syndrome. (pediagenosis.com)
Infarction2
Medial and lateral1
- At the first visit to our department, physical examination revealed swelling and tenderness of the medial and lateral aspects of the ankle (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
20191
- Thus far, CICM have not expected their exam candidates to make this sort of diagnosis in the written papers, perhaps with the exception of Question 10.1 from the second paper of 2013 and Question 27 from the first paper of 2019, both of which asked about lateral medullary syndrome. (derangedphysiology.com)
Clinical2
- 14. Development of anti-Sm and anti-DNA antibodies followed by clinical manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus in an elderly woman with long-standing Sjögren's syndrome. (nih.gov)
- Trigeminal neuralgia is a clinical syndrome composed of paroxysmal facial pain usually confined to the maxillary (V2) and/or mandibular (V3) branches of the trigeminal nerve. (blogspot.com)
Spinothalamic tract2
- Specifically a loss of pain and temperature sensation if the lateral spinothalamic tract is involved. (wikipedia.org)
- Pain, temperature, fine touch and pressure sensations (anterior and lateral spinothalamic tract) and motor functions (corticospinal tract) are intact. (neurocare.ai)
Cortical2
- Band heterotopia is a rare neuronal migration anomaly which manifests as homogenous bands of gray matter are interposed between the lateral ventricles and cortical mantle with normal appearing white matter on either side. (blogspot.com)
- Osteochondroma is the lesion that is composed of cortical and medullary bone with an overlying hyaline cartilage cap. (hindawi.com)
Medulla4
- Lateral medullary syndrome is a neurological disorder causing a range of symptoms due to ischemia in the lateral part of the medulla oblongata in the brainstem. (wikipedia.org)
- Wallenberg syndrome (WS) is a neurological disorder that is due to damage to the lateral portion of the medulla oblongata (i.e., the lateral medullary syndrome). (aao.org)
- The medial medullary branch of PICA perfuses the anterior lateral medulla, and the lateral medullary branch perfuses the lateral medulla. (aao.org)
- The anterior spinal artery has its own median medullary branch, which perfuses the anteromedial region of the medulla. (aao.org)
Ventral1
- The main sensory nucleus receives its afferents (as the sensory root) from the semilunar ganglion through the lateral part of the pons ventral surface. (medscape.com)
Vertebral1
- Other rarer causes such as vertebral artery dissection especially in predisposed younger individuals with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome , Marfan syndrome , fibromuscular dysplasia and hypoplastic vertebral artery have been noted in prior literature. (aao.org)
ATAXIA1
- Sone J, Nakamura T, Koike H, Katsuno M, Tanaka F, Iwasaki Y, Yoshida M, Sobue G. Reply: Neuronal intranuclear (hyaline) inclusion disease and fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome: a morphological and molecular dilemma. (nagoya-u.ac.jp)
Basilar1
- Proximal to its bifurcation into the terminal branches (PCAs), the basilar artery gives off the superior cerebellar arteries that supply the lateral aspect of the pons and midbrain, as well as the superior surface of the cerebellum. (medscape.com)
Dysphagia2
- citation needed] Common symptoms with lateral medullary syndrome may include difficulty swallowing, or dysphagia. (wikipedia.org)
- The Trouble with Swallowing: Dysphagia as the Presenting Symptom in Lateral Medullary Syndrome. (uc.edu)
Paralysis1
- Cruciate paralysis: Rare condition involving cervico-medullary junction. (neurocare.ai)
Ptosis3
- Damage to the hypothalamospinal fibers disrupts sympathetic nervous system relay and gives symptoms that are similar to the symptoms caused by Horner's syndrome - such as miosis, anhidrosis and partial ptosis. (wikipedia.org)
- In Horner's syndrome there is only partial ptosis since control of the upper eyelid is controlled by two sets of nerves: the IIIrd nerve supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and sympathetic fibres supply the Muller muscle. (oxfordmedicaleducation.com)
- In Horner's syndrome, despite the weakness owing to a dysfunctional Muller muscle, the IIIrd nerve is still intact meaning the ptosis is not complete. (oxfordmedicaleducation.com)
PICA1
- The most commonly affected artery is PICA, specifically the lateral medullary segment. (wikipedia.org)
Cerebellar1
- Lateral medullary (Wallenberg syndrome) and cerebellar infarctions are the most common types of strokes. (sjrhem.ca)
Anterior1
- The axons emerge anterior to the sensory root from the lateral surface of the pons. (medscape.com)
Bone3
- The present study was designed to determine bone density modifications at the forearm and metacarpal bones in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). (cumhuriyet.edu.tr)
- Sudden stop of running (deceleration), hard landing on a foot with slightly bent knee or direct side blow to the knee can result in the impact of the thighbone (femur) and shinbone (tibia) in the knee, what can cause a bone bruise in the lower part of the thighbone (lateral femoral condyle) and/or in the upper part of the shinbone (tibial plateau). (ehealthstar.com)
- Side (lateral) dislocation of the patella can cause a bone bruise in the thighbone (in the lateral femoral condyle) and at the bottom of the patella 6 . (ehealthstar.com)
Involvement2
- 5. Motor neuron involvement in anti-Ma2-associated paraneoplastic neurological syndrome. (nih.gov)
- Riku Y, Watanabe H, Yoshida M, Mimuro M, Iwasaki Y, Masuda M, Ishigaki S, Katsuno M, Sobue G. Pathologic Involvement of Glutamatergic Striatal Inputs From the Cortices in TAR DNA-Binding Protein 43 kDa-Related Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. (nagoya-u.ac.jp)
Wallenberg Syndrome1
- One of the most unusual and difficult to treat symptoms that occur due to Wallenberg syndrome are interminable, violent hiccups. (wikipedia.org)
Horner's2
- What is Horner's syndrome? (oxfordmedicaleducation.com)
- IIIrd nerve palsies and Myaesthenia gravis are two important differentials of Horner's syndrome to exclude. (oxfordmedicaleducation.com)
Congenital1
- Congenital absence of bronchial cartilage (Williams-Campbell syndrome). (syrianclinic.com)
Lesions1
- Sneddon's syndrome is characterized by livedo reticularis and cerebrovascular lesions. (cumhuriyet.edu.tr)
Arterial1
- There is a list of "classical" stroke syndromes arranged by arterial territory, which one needs to commit to memory. (derangedphysiology.com)
Pons1
- It lies near the lateral angle of the fourth ventricle in the rostral part of the pons. (medscape.com)
Neuropathic pain1
- Some studies have reported success in mitigating the chronic neuropathic pain associated with the syndrome with anti-epileptics such as gabapentin. (wikipedia.org)
Neural2
- 4 Lumbar disc herniation involves mechanical compression from herniated disc material, whereas LSS encompasses the degenerative narrowing of the central canal, lateral recess or neural foramen. (researchgate.net)
- This project characterizes a novel neural circuit in the lateral parabrachial nucleus (PBL) that exerts potent respiratory control specifically in the awake state and can drive rapid breathing frequencies not achievable by known mechanisms of respiratory rhythm generation. (hhs.gov)
Diagnosis2
- Since lateral medullary syndrome is often caused by a stroke, diagnosis is time dependent. (wikipedia.org)
- 8. A case report, a case who developed limited cutaneous scleroderma and pulmonary hypertension 8 years after diagnosis of anti-centromere antibody-positive Sjögren syndrome. (nih.gov)
Dependent1
- Treatment for lateral medullary syndrome is dependent on how quickly it is identified. (wikipedia.org)
Neurons2
- A second set of hypothalamic-autonomic neurons is found in the lateral hypothalamic area. (pediagenosis.com)
- The medullary raphe nuclei contain both serotoninergic and glutamatergic neurons that innervate the sympathetic preganglionic column at multiple levels and regulate populations of neurons involved in thermoregulation. (pediagenosis.com)
Autosomal recessive1
- ABSTRACT Sanjad Sakati syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that has been described in Arabs. (who.int)
Dilemma1
- Our experience concerning the dilemma of clinically isolated syndrome. (nih.gov)
Patients6
- Lateral medullary syndrome can also cause bradycardia, a slow heart rate, and increases or decreases in the patients average blood pressure. (wikipedia.org)
- Treatment for lateral medullary syndrome involves focusing on relief of symptoms and active rehabilitation to help patients return to their daily activities. (wikipedia.org)
- 9. Subgroups of Sjögren syndrome patients according to serological profiles. (nih.gov)
- 13. Anti-Ro and anti-La autoantibody profiling in Norwegian patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome using luciferase immunoprecipitation systems (LIPS). (nih.gov)
- Information was extracted Phenotypic features from the medical records and personal All the patients had severe failure to Sanjad Sakati syndrome or hypopar- interview. (who.int)
- If patients with SCD crisis are being transported by emergency medical services (EMS), they should receive supplemental oxygen and intravenous hydration en route to the hospital. (medscape.com)
Diagnostic1
- 7. Alpha-fodrin autoantibodies are reliable diagnostic markers for juvenile and adult Sjogren's syndrome. (nih.gov)
Stroke syndrome1
- It even had references to the studies which describe each specific stroke syndrome. (derangedphysiology.com)
LESION1
- This syndrome is characterized by sensory deficits that affect the trunk and extremities contralaterally (opposite to the lesion), and sensory deficits of the face and cranial nerves ipsilaterally (same side as the lesion). (wikipedia.org)
Disorders3
- Neuropathic disorders (namely Riley-Day syndrome, Chagas' disease). (syrianclinic.com)
- Insights from these studies may also have significant implications for understanding pathologies associated with dysregulated rapid breathing such as hyperventilation syndrome and panic disorders. (hhs.gov)
- A remarkable variety of endocrinologic disorders may cause virilization syndromes. (annals.edu.sg)