Leptospirosis. Medical search. Definitions

Infections with bacteria of the genus LEPTOSPIRA.

A genus of aerobic, helical spirochetes, some species of which are pathogenic, others free-living or saprophytic.

A genus of question mark-shaped bacteria spirochetes which is found in fresh water that is contaminated by animal urine. It causes LEPTOSPIROSIS.

A severe form of LEPTOSPIROSIS, usually caused by LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS SEROVAR ICTEROHAEMORRHAGIAE and occasionally other serovars. It is transmitted to humans by the rat and is characterized by hemorrhagic and renal symptoms with accompanying JAUNDICE.

Tests that are dependent on the clumping of cells, microorganisms, or particles when mixed with specific antiserum. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

A serovar of the bacterial species LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS, whose primary host is RATS.

An island in the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies. It is chiefly of coral formation with no good harbors and only small streams. It was probably discovered by the Portuguese in the sixteenth century. The name was given by 16th-century Spanish explorers from barbados, the plural for "bearded", with reference to the beard-like leaves or trails of moss on the trees that grew there in abundance. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p116 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p49)

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

A group of islands in Melanesia constituting a French overseas territory. The group includes New Caledonia (the main island), Ile des Pins, Loyalty Island, and several other islet groups. The capital is Noumea. It was discovered by Captain Cook in 1774 and visited by various navigators, explorers, and traders from 1792 to 1840. Occupied by the French in 1853, it was set up as a penal colony 1864-94. In 1946 it was made a French overseas territory. It was named by Captain Cook with the 5th and 6th century A.D. Latin name for Scotland, Caledonia. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p830 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p375)

A serovar of the bacterial species LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS, whose natural host is DOGS where disease is characterized by GASTROENTERITIS, and INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS.

Sudden onset water phenomena with different speed of occurrence. These include flash floods, seasonal river floods, and coastal floods, associated with CYCLONIC STORMS; TIDALWAVES; and storm surges.

Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.

A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Sri Lanka" is not a medical term that can be defined in a medical context; it is the name of a country located in South Asia, known for its diverse landscapes and rich biodiversity.

Formerly known as Siam, this is a Southeast Asian nation at the center of the Indochina peninsula. Bangkok is the capital city.

Numerous islands in the Indian Ocean situated east of Madagascar, north to the Arabian Sea and east to Sri Lanka. Included are COMOROS (republic), MADAGASCAR (republic), Maldives (republic), MAURITIUS (parliamentary democracy), Pemba (administered by Tanzania), REUNION (a department of France), and SEYCHELLES (republic).

Animate or inanimate sources which normally harbor disease-causing organisms and thus serve as potential sources of disease outbreaks. Reservoirs are distinguished from vectors (DISEASE VECTORS) and carriers, which are agents of disease transmission rather than continuing sources of potential disease outbreaks.

EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.

A group of islands of SAMOA, in the southwest central Pacific. Its capital is Pago Pago. The islands were ruled by native chiefs until about 1869. An object of American interest beginning in 1839, Pago Pago and trading and extraterritorial rights were granted to the United States in 1878. The United States, Germany, and England administered the islands jointly 1889-99, but in 1899 they were granted to the United States by treaty. The Department of the Interior has administered American Samoa since 1951. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p44)

Diagnostic procedures involving immunoglobulin reactions.

Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.

A synthetic tetracycline derivative with similar antimicrobial activity.

A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Nicaragua" is not a medical term and does not have a medical definition. Nicaragua is the largest country in the Central American isthmus, bordering Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. It has both Atlantic and Pacific coasts. The term you might be looking for is "Nicotine," which is a highly addictive stimulant found in tobacco leaves and is used as an ingredient in various products, including cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, and some medications.

Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).

A group of islands in Polynesia, in the north central Pacific Ocean, comprising eight major and 114 minor islands, largely volcanic and coral. Its capital is Honolulu. It was first reached by Polynesians about 500 A.D. It was discovered and named the Sandwich Islands in 1778 by Captain Cook. The islands were united under the rule of King Kamehameha 1795-1819 and requested annexation to the United States in 1893 when a provisional government was set up. Hawaii was established as a territory in 1900 and admitted as a state in 1959. The name is from the Polynesian Owhyhii, place of the gods, with reference to the two volcanoes Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa, regarded as the abode of the gods. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p493 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p2330)

An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.

A group of nine islands and several islets belonging to Portugal in the north Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Portugal. The islands are named after the acores, the Portuguese for goshawks, living there in abundance. (Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p102 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p42)

An island in the Lesser Antilles, one of the Windward Islands. Its capital is Fort-de-France. It was discovered by Columbus in 1502 and from its settlement in 1635 by the French it passed into and out of Dutch and British hands. It was made a French overseas department in 1946. One account of the name tells of native women on the shore calling "Madinina" as Columbus approached the island. The meaning was never discovered but was entered on early charts as Martinique, influenced by the name of St. Martin. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p734 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p339)

A mammalian order which consists of 29 families and many genera.

The name of two islands of the West Indies, separated by a narrow channel. Their capital is Basse-Terre. They were discovered by Columbus in 1493, occupied by the French in 1635, held by the British at various times between 1759 and 1813, transferred to Sweden in 1813, and restored to France in 1816. Its status was changed from colony to a French overseas department in 1946. Columbus named it in honor of the monastery of Santa Maria de Guadalupe in Spain. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p470 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p221)

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

A genus of the family Muridae having three species. The present domesticated strains were developed from individuals brought from Syria. They are widely used in biomedical research.

Some leptospira agglutinins detected in domestic animals in British Columbia. (1/783)

During a period of six years 7,555 bovine sera, 421 canine sera, 251 porcine sera and 135 equine sera were tested for agglutinins to Leptospira interrogans serotypes canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohemorrhagiae, pomona and sejroe. The bovine sera reacted predominantly with hardjo and/or sejroe at a rate of 15% compared to 3.5% with pomona. Breeding or abortion problems were associated with pomona but not with sejroe/hardjo agglutinins. The canine sera reacted to canicola (9.9%y and icterohemorrhagiae (5.4%), tcted predominantly with canicola (8.9%) and icterohemorrhagiae (8.1%). (+info)

Immunising potency of Leptospira interrogans serotype canicola after heat inactivation at different temperatures. (2/783)

The immunogenicity of Leptospira interrogans serotype canicola suspensions inactivated by various degrees of heat exposure was examined in hamsters. No differences between leptospires killed at 50 degrees C and at 98 degrees C were shown. After exposure to 121 degrees C, suspensions retained their ability to protect against lethal infections but lost their ability to prevent leptospiruria. Tests with vaccines inactivated at or below 98 degrees C showed that the doses required for complete protection varied with the interval between vaccination and challenge. Larger doses were required to prevent the development of leptospiruria than to prevent death. (+info)

Field evaluation of a one-step dipstick assay for the diagnosis of human leptospirosis in the Seychelles. (3/783)

OBJECTIVE AND METHOD: To compare the response of a dipstick assay (DSA) detecting Leptospira-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies with that of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), an indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA), the microagglutination test (MAT) and a polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR) in patients with leptospirosis confirmed by MAT alone or by MAT and/or PCR (MAT/PCR). RESULT: In 75 patients with acute leptospirosis diagnosed by MAT (respectively, 90 patients diagnosed by MAT/PCR), the response in paired early and convalescent sera was positive in 78.9% (67.9%) by DSA, 76.0% (67.8%) by ELISA, 58.7% (55.6%) by IHA, 44.0% (53.3%) by PCR, and 100% (90.0%) by MAT. In early serum only, the response in patients diagnosed by MAT (respectively by MAT/PCR) was positive in 36.0% (38.9%) by DSA, 36.0% (37.8%) by ELISA, 14.7% (18.9%) by IHA, 39.2% (48.3%) by PCR, and 53.3% (58.9%) by MAT titre > or =1:100. DSA detected the main serogroups implicated in human leptospirosis in Seychelles and demonstrated sensitivity comparable to ELISA. In 124 single sera from control subjects without overt disease, the response was positive in 4.8% by DSA, 3.2% by ELISA, 3.2% by IHA, 13.8% by PCR, 37.9% by MAT titre > or =1:100, and 2.4% by MAT titre > or =1:800, giving evidence of the frequency of both past and current subclinical infection in Seychelles and that DSA was less sensitive than MAT to detect moderate levels of leptospiral antibodies. CONCLUSION: DSA is a simple and reproducible assay well adapted to field conditions and could usefully contribute to the evaluation of leptospirosis in areas devoid of serological laboratory facilities. (+info)

Further determination of DNA relatedness between serogroups and serovars in the family Leptospiraceae with a proposal for Leptospira alexanderi sp. nov. and four new Leptospira genomospecies. (4/783)

DNA relatedness was determined among 303 strains of Leptospira and Leptonema. Included in the analysis were reference strains from 228 well-characterized and recognized serovars. The study included 268 serovars from 29 named and one or more unnamed serogroups. The strains clustered into 17 DNA hybridization groups, representing 12 previously described species (292 strains) and five new genomospecies (11 strains). The largest groups included Leptospira interrogans (91 strains from 82 serovars), Leptospira santarosai (65 strains from 59 serovars), Leptospira borgpetersenii (49 strains from 43 serovars), Leptospira kirschneri (29 strains from 26 serovars) and Leptospira noguchii (20 strains from 20 serovars). The new genomospecies include Leptospira genomospecies 1 (two strains, serovars pinagchang and sichuan), Leptospira genomospecies 2 (six strains, serovars lushui, manhao 3, manzhuang, nanding, mengla and yunnan), Leptospira genomospecies 3 (one strain, serovar holland), Leptospira genomospecies 4 (one strain, serovar hualin) and Leptospira genomospecies 5 (one strain, serovar saopaulo). With the exception of Ballum, all serogroups with greater than one serovar studied were genetically heterogeneous. Phenotypic tests, including optimal growth temperature, lipase activity and growth inhibition by copper sulfate or 2,6-diaminopurine, were of little use in differentiating DNA relatedness groups. The name Leptospira alexanderi sp. nov. is proposed for Leptospira genomospecies 2 (type strain L 60T = ATCC 700520T, serovar manhao 3). (+info)

Leptospirosis and Ebola virus infection in five gold-panning villages in northeastern Gabon. (5/783)

An exhaustive epidemiologic and serologic survey was carried out in five gold-panning villages situated in northeastern Gabon to estimate the degree of exposure of to leptospirosis and Ebola virus. The seroprevalence was 15.7% for leptospirosis and 10.2% for Ebola virus. Sixty years after the last seroepidemiologic survey of leptospirosis in Gabon, this study demonstrates the persistence of this infection among the endemic population and the need to consider it as a potential cause of hemorrhagic fever in Gabon. There was no significant statistical correlation between the serologic status of populations exposed to both infectious agents, indicating the lack of common risk factors for these diseases. (+info)

Use of recombinant flagellin protein as a tracer antigen in a fluorescence polarization assay for diagnosis of leptospirosis. (6/783)

The objective of the present study was to investigate the usefulness of a recombinant flagellar protein, FlaB, of Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona in the serodiagnosis of leptospirosis by the fluorescence polarization assay (FPA). The recombinant protein FlaB was purified to homogeneity by a combination of nickel-nitriloacetic acid agarose chromatography, electrophoresis, and electroelution. Purified FlaB was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). Western blotting was performed by using bovine sera with microscopic agglutination test (MAT) titers of antibodies against L. interrogans serovar pomona and L. bergpetersenii serovars hardjo and sejroe to confirm the antigenicity of FlaB. Western blot analysis demonstrated that labeled as well as unlabeled FlaB was recognized by the positive sera tested, indicating the broad serovar cross-reactivity of this protein. It also indicated that labeling with FITC did not affect the antigenicity. By using FITC-labeled FlaB as a tracer antigen, a homogeneous FPA was developed to detect antileptospiral antibodies in bovine sera. A population of 208 MAT-positive and 208 MAT-negative serum samples was tested by FPA. The FPA cutoff was determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis. By FPA, 83. 7% of the MAT-positive serum samples were positive and 81.2% of the MAT-negative serum samples were negative. Compared to the results of MAT, the positive predictive value of FPA was 81.7% and the negative predictive value of FPA was 83.3%. The FPA is a simple and rapid technique for the detection of anti-Leptospira antibodies. (+info)

Factors associated with clinical leptospirosis: a population-based case-control study in the Seychelles (Indian Ocean). (7/783)

BACKGROUND: In Western countries, leptospirosis is uncommon and mainly occurs in farmers and individuals indulging in water-related activities. In tropical countries, leptospirosis can be up to 1000 times more frequent and risk factors for this often severe disease may differ. METHODS: We conducted a one-year population-based matched case-control study to investigate the frequency and associated factors of leptospirosis in the entire population of Seychelles. RESULTS: A total of 75 patients had definite acute leptospirosis based on microagglutination test (MAT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay (incidence: 101 per 100,000 per year; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 79-126). Among the controls, MAT was positive in 37% (past infection) and PCR assay in 9% (subclinical infection) of men aged 25-64 with manual occupation. Comparing cases and controls with negative MAT and PCR, leptospirosis was associated positively with walking barefoot around the home, washing in streams, gardening, activities in forests, alcohol consumption, rainfall, wet soil around the home, refuse around the home, rats visible around the home during day time, cats in the home, skin wounds and inversely with indoor occupation. The considered factors accounted for as much as 57% of the variance in predicting the disease. CONCLUSION: These data indicate a high incidence of leptospirosis in Seychelles. This suggests that leptospires are likely to be ubiquitous and that effective leptospirosis control in tropical countries needs a multifactorial approach including major behaviour change by large segments of the general public. (+info)

DNA relatedness of Leptospira strains isolated from beef cattle in Zimbabwe. (8/783)

The DNA relatedness of 17 Leptospira strains isolated from beef cattle in Zimbabwe was determined using the hydroxyapatite method. Similarly to previously speciated African strains, all Zimbabwe isolates belonged to either Leptospira borgpetersenii or Leptospira kirschneri. All serovars within serogroups Pyrogenes (kwale, mombe and a strain closely related to serovar nigeria), Hebdomadis (marondera and mhou), Tarassovi (ngavi) and Sejroe (balcanica and hardjo) were L. borgpetersenii. L. kirschneri contained all strains in serovars of serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae (zimbabwe), Australis (fugis), Bataviae (paidjan) and Pomona (a strain closely related to mozdok). The species designations of the Zimbabwe fugis and paidjan strains were different from those of the reference strains of these two serovars, both of which belong to Leptospira interrogans. (+info)

Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection caused by pathogenic serovars of the genus Leptospira. It's primarily a zoonotic disease, meaning it can be transmitted from animals to humans. The bacteria are often found in the urine of infected animals and can survive in freshwater environments for weeks or even months.

Humans typically get infected through direct contact with the urine of infected animals or contaminated soil or water. This can occur through cuts or abrasions on the skin, mouth, eyes, or through mucous membranes. Occupational groups like farmers, sewer workers, slaughterhouse workers, and veterinarians are at a higher risk of infection.

The symptoms of leptospirosis can vary widely, but they often include high fever, severe headache, muscle aches, and general weakness. In some cases, it can cause potentially serious complications like meningitis (inflammation of the membrane around the brain and spinal cord), liver damage, kidney failure, and respiratory distress. Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics are crucial to prevent these complications.

Leptospira is a genus of spirochete bacteria that are thin and tightly coiled, with hooked ends. These bacteria are aerobic and can survive in a wide range of environments, but they thrive in warm, moist conditions. They are known to cause a disease called leptospirosis, which is transmitted to humans and animals through direct contact with the urine of infected animals or through contaminated water, soil, or food.

Leptospira bacteria can infect a wide range of hosts, including mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. In animals, leptospirosis can cause a variety of symptoms, such as fever, muscle pain, kidney damage, and liver failure. In humans, the disease can also cause a range of symptoms, from mild flu-like illness to severe kidney and liver damage, meningitis, and respiratory distress.

There are several species of Leptospira, some of which are pathogenic (cause disease) and others that are non-pathogenic (do not cause disease). The pathogenic species include L. interrogans, L. kirschneri, L. borgpetersenii, L. santarosai, L. weilii, and L. alexanderi. These species contain more than 250 serovars (strains) that can cause leptospirosis in humans and animals.

Prevention of leptospirosis includes avoiding contact with contaminated water or soil, wearing protective clothing and footwear when working outdoors, vaccinating domestic animals against Leptospira infection, and controlling rodent populations. Treatment typically involves antibiotics such as doxycycline or penicillin, and supportive care for severe cases.

'Leptospira interrogans' is a bacterial species that belongs to the genus Leptospira. It is a spirochete, meaning it has a spiral or corkscrew-shaped body, and is gram-negative, which refers to its staining characteristics under a microscope. This bacterium is the primary pathogen responsible for leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease that affects both humans and animals. It is often found in the renal tubules of infected animals and can be shed through their urine, contaminating water and soil. Humans can become infected through direct contact with infected animal tissues or urine, or indirectly through exposure to contaminated environments. The clinical manifestations of leptospirosis range from mild flu-like symptoms to severe illness, including kidney failure, meningitis, and respiratory distress.

Weil's disease is a severe form of leptospirosis, a bacterial infection caused by the spirochete Leptospira interrogans. It is named after the German physician Adolf Weil, who first described it in 1886. Weil's disease is characterized by the triad of symptoms: severe jaundice, kidney failure, and bleeding. The infection typically occurs through exposure to contaminated water or soil that has been contaminated with the urine of infected animals, such as rodents. The bacteria enter the body through cuts in the skin, mucous membranes, or via ingestion. Weil's disease is a medical emergency and requires prompt treatment with antibiotics to prevent severe complications and death.

Agglutination tests are laboratory diagnostic procedures used to detect the presence of antibodies or antigens in a sample, such as blood or serum. These tests work by observing the clumping (agglutination) of particles, like red blood cells or bacteriophages, coated with specific antigens or antibodies when mixed with a patient's sample.

In an agglutination test, the sample is typically combined with a reagent containing known antigens or antibodies on the surface of particles, such as latex beads, red blood cells, or bacteriophages. If the sample contains the corresponding antibodies or antigens, they will bind to the particles, forming visible clumps or agglutinates. The presence and strength of agglutination are then assessed visually or with automated equipment to determine the presence and quantity of the target antigen or antibody in the sample.

Agglutination tests are widely used in medical diagnostics for various applications, including:

1. Bacterial and viral infections: To identify specific bacterial or viral antigens in a patient's sample, such as group A Streptococcus, Legionella pneumophila, or HIV.
2. Blood typing: To determine the ABO blood group and Rh type of a donor or recipient before a blood transfusion or organ transplantation.
3. Autoimmune diseases: To detect autoantibodies in patients with suspected autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
4. Allergies: To identify specific IgE antibodies in a patient's sample to determine allergic reactions to various substances, such as pollen, food, or venom.
5. Drug monitoring: To detect and quantify the presence of drug-induced antibodies, such as those developed in response to penicillin or hydralazine therapy.

Agglutination tests are simple, rapid, and cost-effective diagnostic tools that provide valuable information for clinical decision-making and patient management. However, they may have limitations, including potential cross-reactivity with other antigens, false-positive results due to rheumatoid factors or heterophile antibodies, and false-negative results due to the prozone effect or insufficient sensitivity. Therefore, it is essential to interpret agglutination test results in conjunction with clinical findings and other laboratory data.

'Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae' is a subtype of the bacterial species Leptospira interrogans, which causes the disease leptospirosis in humans and animals. The term 'serovar' refers to a group of bacteria that are closely related but can be distinguished from one another by their surface antigens, or proteins that trigger an immune response.

Icterohaemorrhagiae is a specific serovar of Leptospira interrogans that is associated with severe cases of leptospirosis in humans. It is often transmitted through the urine of infected animals such as rats, dogs, and cattle, and can cause symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle aches, and kidney or liver failure.

It's important to note that while serovars are useful for identifying and categorizing different strains of bacteria, they do not necessarily correspond to distinct species or diseases. Instead, they reflect subtle differences in the surface antigens of closely related bacteria.

## I am not aware of any medical definition for "Barbados."

Barbados is an island country located in the Caribbean region of North America. It is the easternmost island in the Lesser Antilles and is situated in the Atlantic Ocean, east of the Caribbean Sea. The capital and largest city is Bridgetown.

The population of Barbados is approximately 287,000 people, and the official language is English. The country has a tropical climate with two main seasons: the dry season from December to May and the wet season from June to November.

Barbados is known for its beautiful beaches, crystal-clear waters, and vibrant culture. It is also famous for its rum, which is produced from sugarcane grown on the island. The country has a rich history, with influences from Africa, the Americas, and Europe.

In terms of medical care, Barbados has a well-developed healthcare system, with both public and private hospitals and clinics available. The country has a life expectancy of around 75 years, which is higher than the average for Latin America and the Caribbean. However, there are still challenges related to noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and cancer.

Bacterial antibodies are a type of antibodies produced by the immune system in response to an infection caused by bacteria. These antibodies are proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens on the surface of the bacterial cells, marking them for destruction by other immune cells. Bacterial antibodies can be classified into several types based on their structure and function, including IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgE. They play a crucial role in the body's defense against bacterial infections and provide immunity to future infections with the same bacteria.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "New Caledonia" is not a medical term or concept. It is actually the name of a group of islands located in the southwest Pacific Ocean, east of Australia. The main island, Grande Terre, is known for its beautiful landscapes, which include mountains, beaches, and lagoons. New Caledonia is a special collectivity of France, and French is one of the official languages spoken there. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to help with those instead!

'Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola' is a subtype of the bacterial species Leptospira interrogans, which causes leptospirosis in dogs and other animals. The term 'serovar canicola' refers to a specific strain or type of this bacterium that is associated with dog-to-dog transmission and infection. This serovar is known to be adapted to dogs and is one of the most common causes of leptospirosis in canines worldwide.

Leptospira interrogans is a spirochete bacterium, which means it has a spiral or corkscrew shape that allows it to move through fluid environments. It is transmitted through the urine of infected animals and can survive in water and damp soil for long periods. Dogs can become infected by drinking contaminated water, coming into contact with contaminated soil, or through direct contact with the urine of infected animals.

Leptospirosis caused by Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola can result in a wide range of symptoms in dogs, including fever, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, lethargy, muscle pain, and kidney or liver failure. In severe cases, the disease can be fatal if left untreated.

It's important to note that while 'Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola' is a specific strain associated with dogs, other serovars of Leptospira interrogans can also infect and cause disease in dogs, as well as other animals and humans.

I believe there may be some confusion in your question. "Floods" is not a medical term, but rather a natural disaster or hydrological phenomenon that occurs when a body of water overflows its banks or normal confines, causing damage to surrounding areas. If you are looking for a medical definition, perhaps you meant to ask about a different term? I would be happy to help if you could clarify your question further.

Zoonoses are infectious diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans. They are caused by pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, or fungi that naturally infect non-human animals and can sometimes infect and cause disease in humans through various transmission routes like direct contact with infected animals, consumption of contaminated food or water, or vectors like insects. Some well-known zoonotic diseases include rabies, Lyme disease, salmonellosis, and COVID-19 (which is believed to have originated from bats). Public health officials work to prevent and control zoonoses through various measures such as surveillance, education, vaccination, and management of animal populations.

Jaundice is a medical condition characterized by the yellowing of the skin, sclera (whites of the eyes), and mucous membranes due to an excess of bilirubin in the bloodstream. Bilirubin is a yellow-orange pigment produced when hemoglobin from red blood cells is broken down. Normally, bilirubin is processed by the liver and excreted through bile into the digestive system. However, if there's an issue with bilirubin metabolism or elimination, it can accumulate in the body, leading to jaundice.

Jaundice can be a symptom of various underlying conditions, such as liver diseases (hepatitis, cirrhosis), gallbladder issues (gallstones, tumors), or blood disorders (hemolysis). It is essential to consult a healthcare professional if jaundice is observed, as it may indicate a severe health problem requiring prompt medical attention.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Sri Lanka" is not a medical term or concept. Sri Lanka is an island country located in the Indian Ocean, south of India. It is known for its diverse landscapes ranging from rainforests and arid plains to highlands and sandy beaches.

If you have any questions related to medicine or healthcare, I would be happy to try and help answer them!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Thailand" is not a medical term. It is a country located in Southeast Asia. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help answer those for you!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Indian Ocean Islands" is a geographical term referring to the islands located in the Indian Ocean, and not a medical term. However, I can provide some general information about these islands.

The Indian Ocean Islands include a diverse group of island nations and territories, such as Madagascar, Maldives, Seychelles, Mauritius, Comoros, Réunion (a French territory), and the British Indian Ocean Territory (including the Chagos Archipelago). These islands have unique ecosystems and diverse cultures, with flora and fauna that are often endemic to each island. Some of these islands face challenges in terms of healthcare access, resources, and infrastructure due to their remote locations and smaller populations.

A disease reservoir refers to a population or group of living organisms, including humans, animals, and even plants, that can naturally carry and transmit a particular pathogen (disease-causing agent) without necessarily showing symptoms of the disease themselves. These hosts serve as a source of infection for other susceptible individuals, allowing the pathogen to persist and circulate within a community or environment.

Disease reservoirs can be further classified into:

1. **Primary (or Main) Reservoir**: This refers to the species that primarily harbors and transmits the pathogen, contributing significantly to its natural ecology and maintaining its transmission cycle. For example, mosquitoes are the primary reservoirs for many arboviruses like dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses.

2. **Amplifying Hosts**: These hosts can become infected with the pathogen and experience a high rate of replication, leading to an increased concentration of the pathogen in their bodies. This allows for efficient transmission to other susceptible hosts or vectors. For instance, birds are amplifying hosts for West Nile virus, as they can become viremic (have high levels of virus in their blood) and infect feeding mosquitoes that then transmit the virus to other animals and humans.

3. **Dead-end Hosts**: These hosts may become infected with the pathogen but do not contribute significantly to its transmission cycle, as they either do not develop sufficient quantities of the pathogen to transmit it or do not come into contact with potential vectors or susceptible hosts. For example, humans are dead-end hosts for many zoonotic diseases like rabies, as they cannot transmit the virus to other humans.

Understanding disease reservoirs is crucial in developing effective strategies for controlling and preventing infectious diseases, as it helps identify key species and environments that contribute to their persistence and transmission.

Seroepidemiologic studies are a type of epidemiological study that measures the presence and levels of antibodies in a population's blood serum to investigate the prevalence, distribution, and transmission of infectious diseases. These studies help to identify patterns of infection and immunity within a population, which can inform public health policies and interventions.

Seroepidemiologic studies typically involve collecting blood samples from a representative sample of individuals in a population and testing them for the presence of antibodies against specific pathogens. The results are then analyzed to estimate the prevalence of infection and immunity within the population, as well as any factors associated with increased or decreased risk of infection.

These studies can provide valuable insights into the spread of infectious diseases, including emerging and re-emerging infections, and help to monitor the effectiveness of vaccination programs. Additionally, seroepidemiologic studies can also be used to investigate the transmission dynamics of infectious agents, such as identifying sources of infection or tracking the spread of antibiotic resistance.

American Samoa is a territorial possession of the United States located in the South Pacific Ocean, approximately 1,600 miles southwest of Hawaii. It consists of five main islands and two coral atolls, with a total land area of about 77 square miles. The population is approximately 55,000 people, most of whom are of Samoan descent.

The main islands are Tutuila, Ta'u, Olosega, Ofu, and Aunu'u. The capital and largest city is Pago Pago, located on Tutuila. American Samoa is known for its beautiful beaches, tropical climate, and rich cultural heritage.

As a territorial possession of the United States, American Samoa is governed by a governor and lieutenant governor, elected every four years by the residents. The territory also sends a non-voting delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives. While American Samoans are U.S. nationals, they are not U.S. citizens unless they are born in the United States or have been naturalized.

In medical terms, American Samoa has unique health challenges and disparities due to its remote location, limited resources, and cultural factors. Common health issues include non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, as well as infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and dengue fever. Access to healthcare services can be limited, particularly in rural areas, and there is a shortage of healthcare professionals. The territory also faces challenges related to mental health, substance abuse, and environmental health hazards such as contaminated water sources and poor sanitation.

Serologic tests are laboratory tests that detect the presence or absence of antibodies or antigens in a patient's serum (the clear liquid that separates from clotted blood). These tests are commonly used to diagnose infectious diseases, as well as autoimmune disorders and other medical conditions.

In serologic testing for infectious diseases, a sample of the patient's blood is collected and allowed to clot. The serum is then separated from the clot and tested for the presence of antibodies that the body has produced in response to an infection. The test may be used to identify the specific type of infection or to determine whether the infection is active or has resolved.

Serologic tests can also be used to diagnose autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, by detecting the presence of antibodies that are directed against the body's own tissues. These tests can help doctors confirm a diagnosis and monitor the progression of the disease.

It is important to note that serologic tests are not always 100% accurate and may produce false positive or false negative results. Therefore, they should be interpreted in conjunction with other clinical findings and laboratory test results.

A disease outbreak is defined as the occurrence of cases of a disease in excess of what would normally be expected in a given time and place. It may affect a small and localized group or a large number of people spread over a wide area, even internationally. An outbreak may be caused by a new agent, a change in the agent's virulence or host susceptibility, or an increase in the size or density of the host population.

Outbreaks can have significant public health and economic impacts, and require prompt investigation and control measures to prevent further spread of the disease. The investigation typically involves identifying the source of the outbreak, determining the mode of transmission, and implementing measures to interrupt the chain of infection. This may include vaccination, isolation or quarantine, and education of the public about the risks and prevention strategies.

Examples of disease outbreaks include foodborne illnesses linked to contaminated food or water, respiratory infections spread through coughing and sneezing, and mosquito-borne diseases such as Zika virus and West Nile virus. Outbreaks can also occur in healthcare settings, such as hospitals and nursing homes, where vulnerable populations may be at increased risk of infection.

Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, which is a type of medication used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms. It belongs to the tetracycline class of antibiotics. Doxycycline works by inhibiting the production of proteins that bacteria need to survive and multiply.

Doxycycline is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections, including respiratory infections, skin infections, urinary tract infections, sexually transmitted diseases, and severe acne. It is also used to prevent malaria in travelers who are visiting areas where malaria is common.

Like all antibiotics, doxycycline should be taken exactly as directed by a healthcare professional. Misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of drug-resistant bacteria, which can make infections harder to treat in the future.

It's important to note that doxycycline can cause photosensitivity, so it is recommended to avoid prolonged sun exposure and use sun protection while taking this medication. Additionally, doxycycline should not be taken during pregnancy or by children under the age of 8 due to potential dental and bone development issues.

Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is a type of antibody that is primarily found in the blood and lymph fluid. It is the first antibody to be produced in response to an initial exposure to an antigen, making it an important part of the body's primary immune response. IgM antibodies are large molecules that are composed of five basic units, giving them a pentameric structure. They are primarily found on the surface of B cells as membrane-bound immunoglobulins (mlgM), where they function as receptors for antigens. Once an mlgM receptor binds to an antigen, it triggers the activation and differentiation of the B cell into a plasma cell that produces and secretes large amounts of soluble IgM antibodies.

IgM antibodies are particularly effective at agglutination (clumping) and complement activation, which makes them important in the early stages of an immune response to help clear pathogens from the bloodstream. However, they are not as stable or long-lived as other types of antibodies, such as IgG, and their levels tend to decline after the initial immune response has occurred.

In summary, Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is a type of antibody that plays a crucial role in the primary immune response to antigens by agglutination and complement activation. It is primarily found in the blood and lymph fluid, and it is produced by B cells after they are activated by an antigen.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Nicaragua" is not a medical term. It is the largest country in the Central American Isthmus, bordering Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. It has coastlines on both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean.

If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I'd be happy to help!

Rodent-borne diseases are infectious diseases transmitted to humans (and other animals) by rodents, their parasites or by contact with rodent urine, feces, or saliva. These diseases can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Some examples of rodent-borne diseases include Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Leptospirosis, Salmonellosis, Rat-bite fever, and Plague. It's important to note that rodents can also cause allergic reactions in some people through their dander, urine, or saliva. Proper sanitation, rodent control measures, and protective equipment when handling rodents can help prevent the spread of these diseases.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Hawaii" is not a medical term. It is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States, located in the Central Pacific. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help answer those!

Fever, also known as pyrexia or febrile response, is a common medical sign characterized by an elevation in core body temperature above the normal range of 36.5-37.5°C (97.7-99.5°F) due to a dysregulation of the body's thermoregulatory system. It is often a response to an infection, inflammation, or other underlying medical conditions, and it serves as a part of the immune system's effort to combat the invading pathogens or to repair damaged tissues.

Fevers can be classified based on their magnitude:

* Low-grade fever: 37.5-38°C (99.5-100.4°F)
* Moderate fever: 38-39°C (100.4-102.2°F)
* High-grade or severe fever: above 39°C (102.2°F)

It is important to note that a single elevated temperature reading does not necessarily indicate the presence of a fever, as body temperature can fluctuate throughout the day and can be influenced by various factors such as physical activity, environmental conditions, and the menstrual cycle in females. The diagnosis of fever typically requires the confirmation of an elevated core body temperature on at least two occasions or a consistently high temperature over a period of time.

While fevers are generally considered beneficial in fighting off infections and promoting recovery, extremely high temperatures or prolonged febrile states may necessitate medical intervention to prevent potential complications such as dehydration, seizures, or damage to vital organs.

I'm not aware of any medical definitions for "Azores." The Azores is a group of nine volcanic islands in the Atlantic Ocean, located about 850 miles west of Portugal. They are an autonomous region of Portugal and have a population of around 250,000 people. The islands are known for their beautiful landscapes, mild climate, and unique flora and fauna.

If you have any specific questions related to the Azores or if there is something specific you would like to know about the region in a medical context, please let me know and I will do my best to help!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Martinique" is not a medical term. It is actually the name of an island located in the Lesser Antilles in the eastern Caribbean Sea, which is a part of France. Therefore, it does not have a medical definition. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I would be happy to try and help answer them!

"Rodentia" is not a medical term, but a taxonomic category in biology. It refers to the largest order of mammals, comprising over 40% of all mammal species. Commonly known as rodents, this group includes mice, rats, hamsters, gerbils, guinea pigs, squirrels, prairie dogs, capybaras, beavers, and many others.

While "Rodentia" itself is not a medical term, certain conditions or issues related to rodents can have medical implications. For instance, rodents are known to carry and transmit various diseases that can affect humans, such as hantavirus, leptospirosis, salmonellosis, and lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCMV). Therefore, understanding the biology and behavior of rodents is important in the context of public health and preventive medicine.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Guadeloupe" is not a medical term. It is actually an overseas region and department of France, located in the Caribbean Sea. Guadeloupe is an archipelago consisting of several islands, with a total land area of approximately 1,700 square kilometers (656 square miles) and a population of around 400,000 people.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to try and help answer them for you.

An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is a type of analytical biochemistry assay used to detect and quantify the presence of a substance, typically a protein or peptide, in a liquid sample. It takes its name from the enzyme-linked antibodies used in the assay.

In an ELISA, the sample is added to a well containing a surface that has been treated to capture the target substance. If the target substance is present in the sample, it will bind to the surface. Next, an enzyme-linked antibody specific to the target substance is added. This antibody will bind to the captured target substance if it is present. After washing away any unbound material, a substrate for the enzyme is added. If the enzyme is present due to its linkage to the antibody, it will catalyze a reaction that produces a detectable signal, such as a color change or fluorescence. The intensity of this signal is proportional to the amount of target substance present in the sample, allowing for quantification.

ELISAs are widely used in research and clinical settings to detect and measure various substances, including hormones, viruses, and bacteria. They offer high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility, making them a reliable choice for many applications.

"Mesocricetus" is a genus of rodents, more commonly known as hamsters. It includes several species of hamsters that are native to various parts of Europe and Asia. The best-known member of this genus is the Syrian hamster, also known as the golden hamster or Mesocricetus auratus, which is a popular pet due to its small size and relatively easy care. These hamsters are burrowing animals and are typically solitary in the wild.

Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that affects humans and animals. Provided by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and ... Leptospirosis During Hurricane Season Leptospirosis can be spread by contaminated soil and water during a hurricane. Protect ... Travelers Health and Leptospirosis. Leptospirosis has worldwide distribution, with a higher incidence in tropical climates, ... Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that affects humans and animals. It is caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. In ...

https://www.cdc.gov/leptospirosis/index.html

Severe cases account for 5-15% of all leptospirosis cases. Leptospirosis is found in both urban and rural areas in tropical, ... Antarctica is the only place not affected by leptospirosis. In the United States, there were 100 to 150 leptospirosis cases ... Haake DA, Levett PN (25 May 2015). "Leptospirosis in Humans". In Adler B (ed.). Leptospira and Leptospirosis. Current Topics in ... In 2013, India recommended modified Faines criteria in the diagnosis of leptospirosis. Rates of leptospirosis can be reduced ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptospirosis

Leptospirosis is an infection caused by leptospira bacteria. ... Leptospirosis is an infection caused by leptospira bacteria. ... Leptospira species (leptospirosis). In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennetts Principles and ... Weil disease, a severe form of leptospirosis, is rare in the continental United States. Hawaii has the highest number of cases ... Zaki S, Shieh W-J. Leptospirosis. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001376.htm

Mark Pendergrast writes: To kick off this book club discussion of Inside the Outbreaks, I thought I would explain briefly how I came to write the book and then suggest some possible topics for discussion. The origin of the book goes back to an email I got in 2004 from my old high school and college friend, Andy Vernon, who wrote that I should consider writing the history of the EIS. I emailed back to say that I was honored, but what was the EIS? I had never heard of it. I knew Andy worked on tuberculosis at the CDC, but I didnt know that he had been a state-based EIS officer from 1978… ...

https://scienceblogs.com/tag/leptospirosis

Complete a LimsNet entry for the patient under Serology Outbreak tab, including patient name, date of birth, date of collection, sex, race, county of residence, date of onset, lab tests desired, and reason for testing. In addition, please include patient symptoms, travel history, and related vaccination/immunization history, if appropriate ...

https://www.in.gov/health/laboratories/testing/leptospirosis/

Leptospirosis is an infectious disease of humans and animals that is caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. ... encoded search term (Leptospirosis) and Leptospirosis What to Read Next on Medscape ... Known as Weil disease or icteric leptospirosis, the classic definition of this form of leptospirosis includes fever, jaundice, ... Leptospirosis. Updated: Jul 08, 2021 * Author: Sandra G Gompf, MD, FACP, FIDSA; Chief Editor: Michael Stuart Bronze, MD more... ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/220563-overview

Leptospirosis. CDC Yellow Book 2024. Travel-Associated Infections & Diseases Author(s): Ilana Schafer, Renee Galloway, Robyn ... CDC website: Leptospirosis. The following authors contributed to the previous version of this chapter: Renee L. Galloway, Ilana ... Leptospirosis in humans. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2015;387:65-97.. Jensenius M, Han PV, Schlagenhauf P, Schwartz E, Parola P ... Antibiotic prophylaxis for leptospirosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(3):CD007342.. Costa F, Hagan JE, Calcagno J, Kane M ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2020/travel-related-infectious-diseases/leptospirosis

1] Mitchell D, Boulanger P. Leptospirosis in Canada: IV An atypical mastitis in cattle due to Leptospira Pomona. Can J Comp Med ... These findings indicated Leptospirosis to be the most likely cause of abortions in this case. ...

https://www.vet.cornell.edu/animal-health-diagnostic-center/news/leptospirosis-0

Leptospirosis. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2005;18:376-86. * Bruce MG, Sanders EJ, Leake JA , et al. Leptospirosis among patients ... Notes from the Field: Investigation of Leptospirosis Underreporting - Puerto Rico, 2010. Leptospirosis, a zoonosis transmitted ... Leptospirosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2001;14:296-326. * Edwards CN, Nicholson GD, Hassell TA, Everard CO, Callender J. Penicillin ... To strengthen leptospirosis surveillance, prevention, and diagnostic services, PRDH and CDC agreed on a plan to 1) implement a ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6122a5.htm?s_cid=mm6122a5_e%0D%0A

How are Leptospirosis transmitted? *Leptospirosis is very rarely spread directly from person to person. It is transmitted to ... What is Leptospirosis? *Leptospirosis is an acute bacterial disease caused by Leptospires. The incubation period is 10 days ( ... What can be done to reduce the risk of Leptospirosis? *The best way to ward off infection is to avoid contact with potentially ... Leptospirosis is an infection caused by pathogenic bacteria called Leptospires. It is a zoonosis that is transmitted directly ...

https://www.cdc.gov.tw/En/Category/ListContent/bg0g_VU_Ysrgkes_KRUDgQ?uaid=CCSE04tqavhEr7r7mVUj6Q

Total number of leptospirosis related deaths in Kozhikode rose to 19 with the reporting of one confirmed and one suspected ... Narayani, 80 hailing from Vadakara died of leptospirosis while Anil, 54 hailing from Eranhikkal died of suspected leptospirosis ... Number of suspected leptospirosis cases rose to 209 from August 1 to September 3 in Kozhikode with the reporting of 22 ... KOZHIKODE: Total number of leptospirosis related deaths in Kozhikode rose to 19 with the reporting of one confirmed and one ...

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/kerala-19-die-of-leptospirosis-in-kozhikode/articleshow/65662199.cms

... reviewed leptospirosis literature from 1970 to 2008 to generate a statistical model that estimates global leptospirosis cases ... SciDev.Net: Leptospirosis study unmasks global impact. "…Conservative estimates show that the bacterial infection, transmitted ... Global Impact Of Leptospirosis Greater Than Other Hemorrhagic Fevers, Study Shows. Sep 21, 2015 ...

https://www.kff.org/news-summary/global-impact-of-leptospirosis-greater-than-other-hemorrhagic-fevers-study-shows/

Leptospirosis is an infection of bacterial spirochetes, which cats acquire when subspecies of the Leptospira interrogans ... Leptospirosis in Cats. Leptospirosis is an infection of bacterial spirochetes, which cats acquire when subspecies of the ... Because leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease, your veterinarian will be especially cautious when handling your cat, and will ... Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease, transmissible to humans, and other animals via urine, semen, and post-abortion discharge. ...

https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/infectious-parasitic/c_ct_leptospirosis?page=show

To our knowledge, this is the first documentation of myocarditis in a dog with leptospirosis, and the first report of fatal ... Kitts, four cases of acute fatal leptospirosis were diagnosed. Clinical, pathological, and diagnostic findings in these cases ... leptospirosis in any animal species on the Caribbean island of St. Kitts. ... The chronic subclinical case of leptospirosis was described previously [10] and the four acute, fatal cases of leptospirosis ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/1/3/150

Current surveillance of leptospirosis is based on the CNR (national reference centre) and its partner laboratories. This ... The annual incidence of leptospirosis in France is estimated at around 1 case/100,000, i.e. around 600-700 cases, with a ... The clinical features of this infection are not very specific (flu-like syndrome), but leptospirosis can be responsible for ... the Haut Conseil de la santé publique recommends that leptospirosis be reinstated on the list of MDO throughout France in order ...

https://www.hcsp.fr/Explore.cgi/avisrapportsdomaine?clefr=1282

... and for leptospirosis by the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and Leptospira IgM ELISA. Laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis ... two persons were positive for leptospirosis by MAT and by IgM ELISA on convalescent testing. Leptospirosis was considered ... Outbreak of Leptospirosis Among White-Water Rafters -- Costa Rica, 1996 MMWR 46(25);577-579 Publication date: 06/27/1997. Table ... Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis that is endemic in the tropics and infects a variety of wild and domestic animals that ...

https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/m0048052/m0048052.asp

Health Department is now monitoring an area in Clarendon where two men are believed to have been infected with Leptospirosis. ... The Clarendon health inspector is warning that Leptospirosis can be fatal if it is incorrectly diagnosed or not detected and ... According to the Centres for Disease Control (CDC) in the United States, Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by ... However, he says both men have since been treated for Leptospirosis and are now doing well. ...

https://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/news/20150412/public-health-dept-monitors-clarendon-community-after-leptospirosis-infection

... . Australias Award Winning Pet Insurance. We care about your pets health and well-being - Pet Insurance ... Leptospirosis in Dogs Pet Insurance Australia looks at Leptospirosis in dogs and how pet owners can help keep their pets safe, ... "Leptospirosis can be prevented," Crighton says. "If you are concerned or are living in a high construction area where rats ... Leptospirosis is transmitted by rodents urine with dogs picking up this disease by drinking from contaminated ponds and ...

https://www.petinsuranceaustralia.com.au/leptospirosis-in-dogs/

Maharashtra reported 1,283 cases of leptospirosis so far this year, of which Mumbai reported around 94.93 per cent of cases ... Home , Mumbai , Mumbai News , Article , Leptospirosis Mumbai reports 9493 pc of cases in Maharashtra this year ... Leptospirosis: Mumbai reports 94.93 pc of cases in Maharashtra this year Updated on: 29 September,2023 06:43 PM IST , Mumbai ... Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection caused by Leptospira bacteria. It is transmitted to humans through contact with water or ...

https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/leptospirosis-mumbai-reports-9493-pc-of-cases-in-maharashtra-this-year-23311666?news-india-news-article-breakingnews

When leptospirosis associated with nonhost-adapted Lepto serovars occurs in calves, the result is high fever, anemia, red urine ... Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease, caused by bacteria of genus Leptospira. Depending on location different serogroups are ... In addition, older animals usually do not die from leptospirosis. Lactating cows produce less milk, and, for a week or more, ... Leptospirosis with nonhost-adapted Lepto serovars also affects pregnant cows causing embryonic death, abortions, stillbirths, ...

https://www.thebeefsite.com/diseaseinfo/175/leptospirosis

There is no vaccine against leptospirosis.. People at risk for leptospirosis include military personnel, veterinarians, dog and ... Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonotic infection caused by any of the serovarieties of the spirochetes from the Leptospira ... Leptospirosis may be difficult to diagnose because its initial symptoms are similar to many other diseases, and some cases have ... Leptospirosis has protean manifestations. Initial symptoms include the onset of remittent fever, chills or rigors (shaking ...

https://logicalimages.com/visualdx/diagnosis/leptospirosis?diagnosisId=51841&moduleId=101

Gastroenterology & hepatology , Liver disorders , Leptospirosis. Health & safety at work , Managing occupational disease , ... Use of antibiotics may or may not prevent leptospirosis. This is a systematic review of clinical research testing whether ... Antibiotic prophylaxis for leptospirosis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD007342. DOI: ...

https://www.cochrane.org/CD007342/LIVER_use-of-antibiotics-may-or-may-not-prevent-leptospirosis

leptospirosis causesleptospirosis in animalsleptospirosis preventionleptospirosis symptomsleptospirosis symptoms in humans ... 6 Steps For Leptospirosis Prevention & Leptospirosis Treatment. The best way to beat leptospirosis is to take the steps ... What is Leptospirosis?. Leptospirosis is a type of bacterial infection. Its actually said to be the most common zoonosis in ... Leptospirosis symptoms in animals. When it come to leptospirosis in animals, they also may not exhibit any symptoms. Dogs are ...

https://www.davidwolfe.com/leptospirosis/

https://reference.medscape.com/article/220563-overview

Leptospirosis New AAEP Guidelines for Prevention, Treatment of Equine Bacterial Disease Leptospirosis. June 22, 2022. June 21, ... Divers T. Leptospirosis. In Sprayberry KA, ed. Robinsons Current Therapy in Equine Medicine. 7th ed. St. Louis, MO: Saunders ... Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that can cause acute renal failure, in-utero infection and abortion, and equine recurrent ...

https://www.nwhorsesource.com/tag/leptospirosis/

Learn about the veterinary topic of Leptospirosis in Animals - Overview. Find specific details on this topic and related topics ... Also see pet health content regarding leptospirosis in horses Leptospirosis in Horses Leptospirosis is a disease caused by a ... Because the organisms... read more , dogs Leptospirosis in Dogs Leptospirosis is a disease caused by bacteria in the genus ... Clinical Findings of Leptospirosis in Animals The clinical signs of leptospirosis depend on the host species, the pathogenicity ...

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/generalized-conditions/leptospirosis/leptospirosis-in-animals-overview?ruleredirectid=463

What is Leptospirosis. Leptospirosis is a bacterium. Over 200 leptospirosis strains exist and most do not cause disease. Thus ... How Leptospirosis is Spread. Leptospirosis is spread through skin or mucous membranes from contact with tissue, urine, blood, ... Leptospirosis is a rare clinical disease in companion animals. Unfortunately, infected dogs can die of leptospirosis if it is ... 1)My companion dog was vaccinated against leptospirosis, but still developed the disease. Why?. 2)Leptospirosis was confirmed ...

https://www.barfplaats.nl/forum/viewtopic.php?f=12&t=134563

Find out what you need to know about leptospirosis before vaccinating your dog. ... Leptospirosis is a serious disease but the vaccine is high risk and ineffective. ... RELATED: Read this before your give your dog the leptospirosis vaccine … Signs of Leptospirosis in Dogs. In Leptospirosis, the ... Leptospirosis In People. Humans can get Leptospirosis through contact with the urine of an infected animal, but because there ...

https://www.dogsnaturallymagazine.com/leptospirosis-vaccine-side-effects/

Understanding the evolution of ,i,Leptospira,/i, especially as related to the clinical pathogenesis of leptospirosis is ... Leptospirosis is an important cause of acute undifferentiated fever and complex multisystem febrile diseases in the tropics and ... Leptospirosis is an important cause of acute undifferentiated fever and complex multisystem febrile diseases in the tropics and ... Complete Genome Sequence of Leptospira interrogans Strains FMAS_KW1, FMAS_KW2 and FMAS_AW1 Isolated from Leptospirosis Patients ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32494307/

... relationship with Leptospira titres nor clinical leptospirosis. This case report details a fatal leptospirosis infection ... Leptospirosis titres were returned and were strongly positive for L. icterohemorrhagiae. By day eight of infection and little ... Leptospirosis is an infectious disease, caused by species of the Leptospiracae family, which has a worldwide distribution. ... Multiple species have been found to be affected by leptospirosis with many others considered to act as reservoirs for the ...

https://www.vin.com/apputil/content/defaultadv1.aspx?pId=11345&catId=155628&id=9947980&ind=63&objTypeID=17

Leptospirosis is a blood infection caused by the bacteria Leptospira that can infect humans, dogs, rodents and many other wild and domesticated animals. (wikipedia.org)
Leptospirosis is an infection caused by leptospira bacteria. (medlineplus.gov)
Leptospira species (leptospirosis). (medlineplus.gov)
Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection caused by species of Leptospira organisms that can infect domestic and wild animals. (healthychildren.org)
Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonotic infection caused by any of the serovarieties of the spirochetes from the Leptospira interrogans species. (logicalimages.com)
Serum specimens were analyzed for evidence of dengue fever by IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and for leptospirosis by the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and Leptospira IgM ELISA. (cdc.gov)
Laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis was defined as a fourfold rise in MAT titers between acute- and convalescent-phase serum specimens against Leptospira serovars. (cdc.gov)
China and Brazil, countries in which leptospirosis is a major health problem, have completed the sequence of the Leptospira interrogans genome. (nih.gov)
Leptospirosis is caused by spirochete bacteria in the genus Leptospira . (merckvetmanual.com)
Leptospirosis is the disease caused by the gram-negative spirochete bacteria Leptospira spp. (merckvetmanual.com)
In the US and Canada, Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona type kennewicki and serovar Grippotyphosa are the most common causes of equine leptospirosis. (merckvetmanual.com)
Tissue edema and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) may occur in rapid and severe leptospirosis that results in acute endothelial injury and hemorrhage Leptospira lipopolysaccharide stimulates neutrophil adherence and platelet activation, which may precipitate inflammatory and coagulation abnormalities. (vin.com)
Leptospirosis is an infectious disease of humans and animals that is caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira . (medscape.com)
Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease caused by a complex group of closely related bacteria of the genus Leptospira. (goddardvetgroup.co.uk)
Leptospirosis is a worldwide disease caused by more than 200 antigenically different serovars in several serogroups belonging to the spirochete Leptospira interrogans (sensu lato). (sld.cu)
Leptospirosis is a potentially serious infection caused by Leptospira , which are spiral-shaped bacteria called spirochetes. (msdmanuals.com)
Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection caused by the Leptospira bacteria. (yashodahospitals.com)
Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Leptospira. (metrohospitals.com)
Leptospirosis in Horses Leptospirosis is caused by spirochete bacteria in the genus Leptospira . (msdvetmanual.com)
The solved scientific problem consists in elucidating the role of small mammals in the functioning of natural foci of leptospirosis, the level of infection of small mammals with Leptospira spp. (cnaa.md)
Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection cause by a family of organisms known as Leptospira interrogans. (shawpitbullrescue.com)
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with epidemic potential, especially after a heavy rainfall, caused by a bacterium called Leptospira. (who.int)
Leptospirosis is the disease caused by several related bacteria but particularly Leptospira interrogans ('interrogans' means 'asking' because they sometimes look like question marks). (softups.com)
Leptospirosis is a bacterial spirochete infection that cats get when strains of the Leptospira interrogans penetrate the skin and spread throughout the body via the bloodstream. (aadobestatenisland.com)
Leptospirosis is a highly infectious zoonotic disease caused by the Leptospira bacteria affecting humans and animals. (wikifarming.org)

Leptospirosis, a spirochaetal zoonotic disease, has been recognized as an important emerging infectious disease in the last 10 years. (nih.gov)
According to the DOH Guidelines for Leptospirosis for Hospitals, it is a zoonotic infection primarily a disease of domesticated and wild animals. (gov.ph)
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease reported worldwide. (gla.ac.uk)
Since leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease, misdiagnosis could have large consequences. (dvm360.com)
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease. (medquizzes.net)
Because leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease, all veterinary personnel should take appropriate precautions when handling known or suspected infected animals. (softups.com)
Because leptospirosis is a zoonotic illness, your veterinarian will use extreme caution while handling your cat. (aadobestatenisland.com)
The Leptospirosis bacteria are zoonotic, meaning that it can be transmitted to humans and other animals. (vetcarepethospital.ca)
Because leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease, your veterinarian will be especially cautious when handling your pet, and will strongly advise you to do the same. (vetcarepethospital.ca)
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial infection that can cause influenza -like symptoms and severe disease . (bvsalud.org)

The symptoms of leptospirosis usually appear one to two weeks after infection, but the incubation period can be as long as a month. (wikipedia.org)
90% of those infected experience mild symptoms while 10% experience severe leptospirosis. (wikipedia.org)
Contact your health care provider if you have any symptoms of, or risk factors for, leptospirosis. (medlineplus.gov)
Symptoms of leptospirosis are sometimes non-specific and can easily be confused with the flu. (cdc.gov)
Be sure to contact your health care provider if you exhibit any symptoms suggestive of leptospirosis following participation in adventure race activities. (cdc.gov)
The time between exposure and development of symptoms (also called the incubation period) for leptospirosis is 2 days to 4 weeks. (cdc.gov)
Contact your pediatrician if your child has symptoms that suggest the presence of leptospirosis. (healthychildren.org)
Speaking to media persons soon after chairing an emergency meeting with health officials , health minister K K Shailaja said that that government has already issued direction to doctors of all the all the government and private hospitals to provide treatment of leptospirosis to patients approaching with its symptoms to avoid further leptospirosis deaths. (indiatimes.com)
Leptospirosis may be difficult to diagnose because its initial symptoms are similar to many other diseases, and some cases have few to no symptoms, but early diagnosis is crucial, as successful treatment should be started within the first 4 days of illness. (logicalimages.com)
The incubation period for leptospirosis is the time between when a person is exposed to the bacteria and when they start showing symptoms. (proprofs.com)
Leptospirosis ranges in severity from no symptoms to a mild illness suggesting a viral infection to a multisystemic syndrome with unique features. (medscape.com)
Because mild leptospirosis typically causes vague, flu-like symptoms that go away on their own, many infections are probably unreported. (msdmanuals.com)
In about 90% of infected people, leptospirosis symptoms are not serious. (msdmanuals.com)
Another case with similar symptoms to leptospirosis was reported on Nov 18 in Ayutthaya's Pachi district and is still under investigation, the bureau said. (chiangraitimes.com)
Today, our Staten Island vets will explain the causes and symptoms of leptospirosis in cats and available treatment options. (aadobestatenisland.com)
What are the Symptoms of Leptospirosis in Cats? (aadobestatenisland.com)
ps2id id='what-are-the-symptoms-of-leptospirosis-in-a-dog' target="/]Leptospirosis in dogs symptoms, and how long do they last? (superlink.org)
A veterinarian will diagnose leptospirosis based on history of exposure, symptoms and a blood test and/or urine test. (superlink.org)
Leptospirosis symptoms range widely and are usually ignored or wrongly diagnosed as some other human sickness. (wikifarming.org)
Leptospirosis is a disease caused by bacteria that can be hard to diagnose since it can produce several symptoms, some of which may be mistaken for other diseases. (grupotriples.com)
It is very important to know the causes and possible symptoms of leptospirosis since it can be treated if diagnosed on time. (grupotriples.com)

The antibiotic doxycycline is effective in preventing leptospirosis infection. (wikipedia.org)
Dengue, in particular, and chikungunya often overlap in territory with leptospirosis, and more than one infection may be present. (medscape.com)
Nearly half of the leptospirosis cases reported in the continental United States during 2014-2018 that had an identified geographic source of infection were associated with international travel. (cdc.gov)
At times, leptospirosis can be life threatening (Weil syndrome).When the infection goes untreated, liver infection (hepatitis) with yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), bleeding, kidney failure, irregular heart rhythms, inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord (meningitis), and a form of pneumonia called hemorrhagic pneumonitis may develop. (healthychildren.org)
Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection that is commonly known by alternative names such as Icterohemorrhagic fever, Rice-field fever, and Mud fever. (proprofs.com)
Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection that is primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with the urine of infected animals. (proprofs.com)
Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection that is commonly transmitted through contact with water or soil contaminated with the urine of infected animals. (proprofs.com)
Sinabi ni Health Secretary Teodoro Herbosa na inaasahan nilang tataas ang leptospirosis infection ngayong ang mga Pilipino ay nakaranas ng habagat at bagyong Egay at Falcon. (remate.ph)
After recovery from leptospirosis, an animal will only be immune to the serovar that caused the original infection. (superlink.org)
Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection. (vetcarepethospital.ca)
If the infection is in fact leptospirosis, it can be treated with antibiotics. (grupotriples.com)

Leptospirosis is a disease caused by bacteria called leptospires. (cdc.gov)
the causative agent of leptospirosis, are obligate aerobic, gram-negative spirochete bacteria. (cdc.gov)
Leptospirosis is caused by bacteria called leptospires. (thecattlesite.com)
When it is flooded and rats pass stool or urine in the water, the water gets contaminated with Leptospirosis causing bacteria. (metrohospitals.com)
Leptospirosis bacteria multiply rapidly after entering the body. (shawpitbullrescue.com)
Leptospirosis is a disease caused by bacteria of the genus Spirochete. (softups.com)
Many different animals can carry the bacteria that cause leptospirosis. (superlink.org)
The bacteria that cause leptospirosis are spread through the urine of infected animals and can survive in water or soil for weeks to months. (superlink.org)
After starting treatment, your dog may continue to pass leptospirosis bacteria for six weeks. (superlink.org)
Leptospirosis is caused by the spirochetes (spiral bacteria). (wikifarming.org)
Leptospirosis is transmitted through the urine of animals infected with these bacteria. (grupotriples.com)

Weil's disease, the acute, severe form of leptospirosis, causes the infected individual to become jaundiced (skin and eyes become yellow), develop kidney failure, and bleed. (wikipedia.org)
Weil disease, a severe form of leptospirosis, is rare in the continental United States. (medlineplus.gov)
Anicteric leptospirosis refers to a form of leptospirosis where there is no jaundice or yellowing of the skin. (proprofs.com)

Is there a treatment for leptospirosis? (cdc.gov)

The degree of icterus in both canine and human leptospirosis usually corresponds to the severity of hepatic necrosis. (vin.com)
However, it remains unknown whether cattle are shedding leptospires and thus acting as potential source for human leptospirosis. (gla.ac.uk)
For severe human leptospirosis, third-generation cephalosporins like cefotaxime and ceftriaxone may be administered. (wikifarming.org)
Trends in human leptospirosis in Denmark, 2012-2021. (bvsalud.org)
Cases of human leptospirosis in Denmark are by law notifiable to Statens Serum Institut. (bvsalud.org)

The differential diagnosis of leptospirosis is confoundingly broad. (medscape.com)
Leptospirosis: pathogenesis, immunity, and diagnosis. (medscape.com)
3 PCR testing is highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of leptospirosis, 4 but our findings suggest so far an exposure to leptospires rather than a real disease status. (sld.cu)
Clinical application of a polymerase chain reaction assay for diagnosis of leptospirosis in dogs. (sld.cu)
Researchers retrospectively evaluated data on 51 dogs with a diagnosis of leptospirosis based on a positive microscopic agglutination test (MAT) result, which was defined as a titer ≥ 1:1600 in vaccinated dogs, a titer ≥ 1:800 in nonvaccinated dogs, or a ≥ fourfold increase in convalescent titers. (dvm360.com)
The authors note that atypical clinical signs are possible and "leptospirosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of primary hepatic disease and pulmonary disease. (dvm360.com)
Ideally, a combination of serology and organism detection should be used for diagnosis of canine leptospirosis. (softups.com)
What is the Diagnosis for Cats With Leptospirosis? (aadobestatenisland.com)

While direct and indirect contact with contaminated animal urine are common modes of transmission, contact with contaminated human urine is not a typical route for the spread of leptospirosis in humans. (proprofs.com)
Therefore, contact with contaminated human urine rarely leads to leptospirosis in humans. (proprofs.com)
Since leptospirosis is commonly acquired from rats' urine mixed in the floodwater, the public is advised to wear proper gear such as boots. (gov.ph)
Leptospirosis can be transmitted to both humans and animals by direct contact with the urine of infected rodents in contaminated flood water. (chiangraitimes.com)
Horses may contract leptospirosis by direct contact with infected urine or urine-contaminated feed or water. (msdvetmanual.com)
Leptospirosis is contracted primarily through contact with the urine of an infected animal, but can also be transmitted through bite wounds and the ingestion of infected material. (shawpitbullrescue.com)
Humans usually acquire leptospirosis through direct contact with the urine of infected animals or a urine-contaminated environment. (who.int)
Leptospirosis is a bacterium which is transmitted through contact with stagnant water bodies and is often transmitted from the urine of rats in the inner city area. (softups.com)
Cats can also contract Leptospirosis from the urine of another infected animal. (aadobestatenisland.com)
This all sounds outdoorsy but the 2021 leptospirosis outbreak in Los Angeles started in boarding facilities where dogs are commonly exposed to the urine of other dogs in play yards and kennel drainage pathways. (vin.com)
Even then Leptospirosis can remain in the kidneys, reproducing there and infecting the urine. (vetcarepethospital.ca)
Your veterinarian will run bloodwork and urine tests to determine if your dog has leptospirosis. (vetcarepethospital.ca)
Leptospirosis cases tend to increase after heavy rainfall that causes flooding, since the displaced water comes into contact with the urine these animals leave on the ground. (grupotriples.com)

Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that affects humans and animals. (cdc.gov)
The classic form of severe leptospirosis, known as Weil's disease, is characterised by liver damage (causing jaundice), kidney failure, and bleeding, which happens in 5-10% of those infected. (wikipedia.org)
Remarkably ophthalmologists should know the global burden of leptospirosis, prevalence of the disease in their country, demographic factors associated, risk factors, and systemic signs to elicit relevant history and travel history. (medscape.com)
Leptospirosis in Taiwan--an underestimated infectious disease. (medscape.com)
Leptospirosis is an uncommon disease. (healthychildren.org)
Fogarty-supported researchers are studying the potentially lethal disease leptospirosis, increasingly common in tropical regions like the Amazon but also occasionally found in the U.S. and Europe. (nih.gov)
Learn more about Dr. Joseph Vinetz's work on the Fogarty-funded projects Leptospirosis Transmission in the Peruvian Amazon , supported by Fogarty's Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases Initiative , and Endemic Infectious Diseases of the Peruvian Amazon , supported by Fogarty's Global Infectious Disease Research Training Program . (nih.gov)
The findings implicated leptospirosis as the cause of disease and contaminated river water as the probable source of illness. (cdc.gov)
Moreover, the overall disease burden is underestimated, since leptospirosis is a significant cause of undifferentiated fever and frequently not recognized. (nih.gov)
The prevalence of leptospirosis in horses is unknown, but serologic evidence indicates a much higher incidence of exposure than of clinical disease. (merckvetmanual.com)
If a dog presents signs of kidney and liver disease, a fever, and is either unvaccinated or at high risk, leptospirosis will be high on the list of potential diagnoses. (goddardvetgroup.co.uk)
Leptospirosis, scrub typhus and Colorado Tick Fever-like disease are all febrile diseases found in Korea which have a clinical presentation similar to that of Korean hemorrhagic fever. (dtic.mil)
VLA adds that its Herdsure Cattle Health Improvement Service offers a testing programme for BVD, Johne's disease, IBR, neosporosis and leptospirosis. (thecattlesite.com)
Dr Thaweechai Wisanuyothin, director of the Disease Prevention and Control Office 9, Nakhon Ratchasima province, warned the public, especially farmers, about the disease, as the wet season brings flooding, creating conditions conducive to the spread of leptospirosis. (nationthailand.com)
Leptospirosis is an occupational disease of farmers and sewer and slaughterhouse workers. (msdmanuals.com)
Sumet Ongwandee of the Disease Control Department (DCD) said people should take precautions against leptospirosis and wear protective gear if they want to return home after the waters recede. (chiangraitimes.com)
Leptospirosis is a water-borne bacterial disease and is more prevalent during monsoon. (metrohospitals.com)
Ito ang iniulat ng Quezon City Epidemiology and Disease Surveillance matapos na makapagtala ng 77 leptospirosis cases mula Enero 1 hanggang Oktubre 7, 2023. (remate.ph)
Ang leptospirosis ay isang fatal bacterial disease na nakaaapekto sa mga tao at hayop. (remate.ph)
Canine outbreaks of leptospirosis in several states are sparking discussion and controversy about vaccination practices for prevention of the disease and concern for transfer of the disease to humans. (shawpitbullrescue.com)
Leptospirosis is a disease of tropical and temperate climates, so much of the US is susceptible to potential outbreaks. (shawpitbullrescue.com)
A dog that has recovered from disease caused by one strain of leptospirosis will be protected from disease caused by that strain in the future, but that protection does not cross species. (shawpitbullrescue.com)
Dogs affected by leptospirosis may show these clinical signs: Dogs that survive acute renal failure may return to baseline or progress to chronic kidney disease. (softups.com)
Leptospirosis is an infectious disease that can affect animals and humans. (usp.br)
Leptospirosis is a common human disease in tropical areas, especially where rice is farmed and rats infest the paddies. (vin.com)
Health authorities believe that rat populations are involved in the rising incidence of canine leptospirosis in urban areas, and leptospirosis is no longer considered a rural disease. (vin.com)
Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that can affect people and animals, including pets. (superlink.org)
Icteric leptospirosis in humans is known as Weil's disease. (wikifarming.org)
Floodwaters have been found to spread the disease far and wide and cause leptospirosis outbreaks. (wikifarming.org)
Untreated leptospirosis disease may cause many systemic manifestations in humans, mostly by capillary vasculitis of the organ systems leading to hepatic failure, renal failure, pulmonary hemorrhage, respiratory failure, meningitis, interstitial myocarditis, adrenal hemorrhage, conjunctival suffusion and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. (wikifarming.org)
Current topic in health and fitness tips: Leptospirosis in humans (Weil's disease). (wikifarming.org)
Afflicted by leptospirosis disease can affect the overall quality of life. (wikifarming.org)
Leptospirosis is a globally important multi-host, multi-pathogen disease which can be transmitted to humans from animals, with more than one million cases and 60,000 deaths annually. (onehealth.org.nz)

Canine outbreaks of leptospirosis in several countries are sparking discussion. (vin.com)
L. icterohaemorrhagiae and L. canicola and L. grippotyphosa are the most common serovars identified causing canine leptospirosis. (vin.com)
clinical canine leptospirosis caused by L. canicola and L. icterhaemorrhagiae is rare in the US, a situation attributed to widespread administration of the vaccine. (shawpitbullrescue.com)
This study investigated the frequency of occurrence of canine leptospirosis in asymptomatic populations from the Southwest Region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. (usp.br)

The clinicopathologic features of leptospirosis are evolving, with atypical findings such as proteinuria and coagulopathy becoming more common, which may lead to misdiagnoses and increased public health risks. (dvm360.com)

The incubation period of leptospirosis is usually 5-14 days, although it can range anywhere from 2-30 days. (logicalimages.com)

Based on the preliminary review of information available to investigators, the differential diagnoses included dengue fever and leptospirosis. (cdc.gov)
Cattle fever is not an alternative name for Leptospirosis. (proprofs.com)
Leptospirosis, commonly known as rat fever, is spreading, with 2,700 reported cases and 31 deaths, particularly in the northeastern and southern regions, a stage agency said on Sunday. (nationthailand.com)
Fort Bragg fever leptospirosis. (symptoma.com)

The most characteristic feature of leptospirosis is the conjunctival suffusion (conjunctivitis without exudate) which is rarely found in other febrile illnesses. (wikipedia.org)

table) All positive subjects were young males and none of them had clinical evidence of leptospirosis. (sld.cu)
The goal of this study was to identify the percentage of atypical features found in dogs with leptospirosis as well as evaluate the clinical utility of convalescent titers. (dvm360.com)
All dogs had a complete medical record, baseline laboratory data performed, and clinical signs consistent with leptospirosis. (dvm360.com)

MANILA, Philippines - Lumobo ng 108.27% ang kaso ng leptospirosis sa Quezon City mula Enero 1 hanggang Oktubre 7 ngayong taon kumpara sa kaparehong panahon noong nakaraang taon. (remate.ph)
MANILA, Philippines- Tiniyak ng Department of Health (DOH) sa government hospitals sa buong bansa na may sapat na suplay ng gamot para sa posibleng pagsirit ng kaso ng leptospirosis sa mga binahang lugar tulad ng Bulacan at Pampanga. (remate.ph)
Sa inaasahang posibleng pagtaas ng kaso ng leptospirosis, sinabi ni Herbosa na ang DOH ay nagpadala na ng antibiotics sa Ilocos bago tumama ang bagyong Egay sa rehiyon. (remate.ph)

People who enjoy outdoor activities where freshwater or wet soil are encountered may be at risk for leptospirosis. (cdc.gov)

In India, the concern has increased, death toll is on rise in Mumbai due to the spread of Leptospirosis. (metrohospitals.com)

Nagpaalala naman ang lokal na pamahalaan na agad magpunta sa ospital kung makaranas ng sintomas ng leptospirosis. (remate.ph)
Sinabi rin ni Herbosa na ang sintomas ng leptospirosis ay madalas nagpapakita isa o dalawang linggo pagkatapos ang pagbaha sa mga lugar. (remate.ph)

of these, two persons were positive for leptospirosis by MAT and by IgM ELISA on convalescent testing. (cdc.gov)
Even as six more sickened persons were flown from Guyana's North West District to Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation (GPHC) for emergency treatment, the Public Health Ministry Monday night said two of the 13 who have fallen ill so far were tested positive for leptospirosis. (demerarawaves.com)

Outbreaks of leptospirosis have occurred after flooding in popular US travel destinations, including Florida, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands. (cdc.gov)
elucidating the role of small mammals in the functionning of natural outbreaks of leptospirosis on the territory of the republic. (cnaa.md)
The administrative territories with natural outbreaks of leptospirosis were identified and mapped, and the risks for the health of the population associated with the anthropization process of natural ecosystems were highlighted. (cnaa.md)

Some patients with leptospirosis become very ill and should be hospitalized to receive penicillin intravenously. (healthychildren.org)

GILLESPIE RW, RYNO J. Epidemiology of leptospirosis. (medscape.com)
The Leptospirosis Burden Epidemiology Reference Group (LERG), an advisory group to the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) on the epidemiology of leptospirosis, was established in 2009 following an informal WHO consultation in 2006. (paho.org)

Update: leptospirosis and unexplained acute febrile illness among athletes participating in triathlons--Illinois and Wisconsin, 1998. (medscape.com)
The incubation period for leptospirosis is 2-30 days, but illness usually occurs 5-14 days after exposure. (cdc.gov)
Leptospirosis might be visualized as a generalized illness resembling other infectious vasculitides. (nih.gov)
Leptospirosis is typically a biphasic pattern of early flu-like, septicemic illness followed by an inflammatory second phase. (medscape.com)
Another way to look at leptospirosis is to look at the time frame of the illness and how quickly or slowly it came on. (vin.com)
10] In 90% of cases, leptospirosis manifests as an acute febrile illness with a biphasic course and an excellent prognosis . (symptoma.com)

Outbreak of leptospirosis among white-water rafters--Costa Rica, 1996. (medscape.com)
Outbreak of leptospirosis among triathlon participants in Langau, Austria, 2010. (medscape.com)
Leptospirosis on Oahu: an outbreak associated with flooding of a university campus. (medscape.com)
Poor sanitation and garbage disposal in Bangkok's flood-hit communities could result in an outbreak of leptospirosis, a health expert has warned. (chiangraitimes.com)

Leptospirosis occurs most commonly in adult males. (cdc.gov)

Leptospirosis may also co-infect with dengue and other regionally prevalent pathogens, such as malaria, hantavirus, and scrub typhus. (medscape.com)

Antibiotic therapy in the treatment of mild leptospirosis is typically unnecessary, since it is often self-limited, and most cases resolve without medical attention. (medscape.com)

Your pediatrician will prescribe antibiotics to treat leptospirosis. (healthychildren.org)
rash Sore throat Medicines to treat leptospirosis include: Ampicillin Azithromycin Ceftriaxone Cefotaxime Doxycycline Penicillin Complicated or serious cases may need supportive care. (symptoma.com)

What Causes Leptospirosis in Cats? (aadobestatenisland.com)

How do you diagnose leptospirosis? (goddardvetgroup.co.uk)

This study aimed to describe trends in incidence of leptospirosis in Denmark from 2012 to 2021. (bvsalud.org)

At district level the prevalence of leptospirosis varied from 0 to 63 % of cattle. (scielo.org.za)

It is estimated that one million severe cases of leptospirosis in humans occur every year, causing about 58,900 deaths. (wikipedia.org)
Leptospirosis is not spread from person to person, except in very rare cases. (medlineplus.gov)
Number of suspected leptospirosis cases rose to 209 from August 1 to September 3 in Kozhikode with the reporting of 22 suspected cases on Monday while the number of confirmed case rose to 104 with the reporting of 20 fresh cases on the day. (indiatimes.com)
MANILA - A total of 1,699 leptospirosis cases have been recorded nationwide from Jan. 1 to June 17 this year, a 65 percent increase from the 1,029 cases during the same period in 2022. (gov.ph)
Meanwhile, from Jan. 1 to July 15, a total of 2,079 cases and 225 deaths due to leptospirosis were reported nationwide and "cases may still increase with late reports," the DOH said. (gov.ph)
As of September 24 this year, Thailand has reported 2,700 cases of leptospirosis, with 31 fatalities. (nationthailand.com)
Leptospirosis cases usually peak during the monsoon season. (chiangraitimes.com)
As per Maharashtra Public Health Department, Maharashtra has recorded 20 cases of Leptospirosis from January to June 2018, where Mumbai holds the record of maximum number of cases i.e. 12 cases. (metrohospitals.com)
Leptospirosis appears to be a significant cause of recurrent uveitis in horses, accounting for up to 67% of the cases. (msdvetmanual.com)
News about an increase in leptospirosis cases are common after a storm or a hurricane. (grupotriples.com)

The most common source of leptospirosis in dogs is contaminated water. (vin.com)
Leptospirosis can make dogs very ill, cause long-term damage, and even be fatal. (goddardvetgroup.co.uk)
Leptospirosis should also still be considered in patients up-to-date on annual leptospirosis vaccination given that vaccination failed to protect nine dogs in this study. (dvm360.com)
Clinicopathologic and atypical features of naturally occurring leptospirosis in dogs. (dvm360.com)
Leptospirosis vaccines may only protect dogs for six-to-eight months, so veterinarians in high risk areas recommend twice-yearly vaccination. (shawpitbullrescue.com)
ps2id id='how-do-dogs-get-leptospirosis' target="/]How do dogs get leptospirosis? (superlink.org)
ps2id id='treatment-of-leptospirosis-in-dogs' target="/]Can leptospirosis be treated? (superlink.org)
Dogs will typically come into contact with the leptospirosis in infected water or soil . (vetcarepethospital.ca)

Leptospirosis is endemic in most areas where dengue virus is transmitted and may be mistaken for dengue, which is typically more common. (medscape.com)
In Denmark , leptospirosis is rare, non-endemic, and most commonly transferred to humans from mice and rats . (bvsalud.org)

Leptospirosis in horses is most commonly associated with inflammation of the inner part of the eye (also called uveitis or periodic ophthalmia) or abortions. (msdvetmanual.com)
Men between 40-49 years old were the demographic group most commonly diagnosed with leptospirosis . (bvsalud.org)

Bioecological peculiarities and the role of small mammals „Bioecological peculiarities and the role of small mammals (Mammalia: Rodentia, Insectivora) in maintaining leptospirosis outbreaks on the territory (Mammalia: Rodentia, Insectivora) in maintaining leptospirosis outbreaks on the territory of the Republic of Moldova", PhD thesis in biological sciences, Chisinau, 2022.of the Republic of Moldova", PhD thesis in biological sciences, Chisinau, 2022. (cnaa.md)

The results elucidated 15 species of small mammal involved in the epizootic process in leptospirosis, their distribution in natural and anthropogenic biotopes, the main potentially epidemiological important species, their significance as a basic reservoir for 8 serogroups of leptospires. (cnaa.md)

Leptospirosis can be spread by contaminated soil and water during a hurricane. (cdc.gov)

It is important to consider leptospirosis when dengue is diagnosed in a severely ill patient, because early antibiotics are beneficial. (medscape.com)
Your veterinarian will likely recommend antibiotics for leptospirosis. (msdvetmanual.com)
Yes, leptospirosis is treated with antibiotics. (superlink.org)

We have heard that access to ACC can be challenging for some and we have started two parallel studies focusing on worker compensation for occupational leptospirosis. (onehealth.org.nz)
In 1962, a serological survey of occupational groups showed rice field workers, sewer workers, workers in coconut plantations and desiccated coconut mills, sugar cane workers, abattoir workers, fish market workers and river bathers were as at risk of leptospirosis. (gov.lk)

Leptospirosis, an emerging pathogen, thrives in tropical and subtropical areas, but has also shown up in wild boars in Berlin, Germany, and rats in Baltimore, Md., in the U.S. It spreads more readily after floods, which increase standing surface water, and after droughts when humans and animals both frequent places where water is available. (nih.gov)

The dog was not vaccinated against Leptospirosis and sadly was euthanized due to anuric renal failure. (softups.com)

Bovine leptospirosis was found to occur in communal grazing areas throughout the province with the exception of 2 districts. (scielo.org.za)

A serological survey of leptospirosis in cattle originating from rural communities of the province of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) in South Africa was carried out between March 2001 and December 2003. (scielo.org.za)

Organisms6

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs3

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Phenomena and Processes1

Health Care3

Geographicals11

Some leptospira agglutinins detected in domestic animals in British Columbia. (1/783)

Immunising potency of Leptospira interrogans serotype canicola after heat inactivation at different temperatures. (2/783)

Field evaluation of a one-step dipstick assay for the diagnosis of human leptospirosis in the Seychelles. (3/783)

Further determination of DNA relatedness between serogroups and serovars in the family Leptospiraceae with a proposal for Leptospira alexanderi sp. nov. and four new Leptospira genomospecies. (4/783)

Leptospirosis and Ebola virus infection in five gold-panning villages in northeastern Gabon. (5/783)

Use of recombinant flagellin protein as a tracer antigen in a fluorescence polarization assay for diagnosis of leptospirosis. (6/783)

Factors associated with clinical leptospirosis: a population-based case-control study in the Seychelles (Indian Ocean). (7/783)

DNA relatedness of Leptospira strains isolated from beef cattle in Zimbabwe. (8/783)

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Leptospirosis

Leptospira

Leptospira interrogans

Weil Disease

Agglutination Tests

Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae

Barbados

Antibodies, Bacterial

New Caledonia

Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola

Floods

Zoonoses

Jaundice

Sri Lanka

Thailand

Indian Ocean Islands

Disease Reservoirs

Seroepidemiologic Studies

American Samoa

Serologic Tests

Disease Outbreaks

Doxycycline

Immunoglobulin M

Nicaragua

Rodent Diseases

Hawaii

Fever

Azores

Martinique

Rodentia

Guadeloupe

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Mesocricetus

Some leptospira agglutinins detected in domestic animals in British Columbia. (1/783)

Immunising potency of Leptospira interrogans serotype canicola after heat inactivation at different temperatures. (2/783)

Field evaluation of a one-step dipstick assay for the diagnosis of human leptospirosis in the Seychelles. (3/783)

Further determination of DNA relatedness between serogroups and serovars in the family Leptospiraceae with a proposal for Leptospira alexanderi sp. nov. and four new Leptospira genomospecies. (4/783)

Leptospirosis and Ebola virus infection in five gold-panning villages in northeastern Gabon. (5/783)

Use of recombinant flagellin protein as a tracer antigen in a fluorescence polarization assay for diagnosis of leptospirosis. (6/783)

Factors associated with clinical leptospirosis: a population-based case-control study in the Seychelles (Indian Ocean). (7/783)

DNA relatedness of Leptospira strains isolated from beef cattle in Zimbabwe. (8/783)

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Notice on the mandatory reporting of leptospirosis

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Leptospirosis

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Leptospirosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

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Leptospirosis In Dogs: Why the Vaccine Doesn't Work

Complete Genome Sequence of Leptospira interrogans Strains FMAS KW1, FMAS KW2 and FMAS AW1 Isolated from Leptospirosis Patients...

Leptospirosis in a Pygmy Hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis) - AAZV2011 - VIN

Leptospira25

Zoonotic10

Symptoms21

Infection11

Bacteria11

Form of leptospirosis3

Treatment for leptospirosis1

Human leptospirosis5

Diagnosis8