An inflammatory, pruritic disease of the skin and mucous membranes, which can be either generalized or localized. It is characterized by distinctive purplish, flat-topped papules having a predilection for the trunk and flexor surfaces. The lesions may be discrete or coalesce to form plaques. Histologically, there is a "saw-tooth" pattern of epidermal hyperplasia and vacuolar alteration of the basal layer of the epidermis along with an intense upper dermal inflammatory infiltrate composed predominantly of T-cells. Etiology is unknown.
Oral lesions accompanying cutaneous lichen planus or often occurring alone. The buccal mucosa, lips, gingivae, floor of the mouth, and palate are usually affected (in a descending order of frequency). Typically, oral lesions consist of radiating white or gray, velvety, threadlike lines, arranged in a reticular pattern, at the intersection of which there may be minute, white, elevated dots or streaks (Wickham's striae). (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry)
Any of a group of plants formed by a symbiotic combination of a fungus with an algae or CYANOBACTERIA, and sometimes both. The fungal component makes up the bulk of the lichen and forms the basis for its name.
Conditions in which there is histological damage to the lower epidermis along with a grouped chronic inflammatory infiltrate in the papillary dermis disturbing the interface between the epidermis and dermis. LICHEN PLANUS is the prototype of all lichenoid eruptions. (From Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p398)
An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.
Atrophy and shriveling of the SKIN of the VULVA that is characterized by the whitish LICHEN SCLEROSUS appearance, inflammation, and PRURITUS.
Lining of the ORAL CAVITY, including mucosa on the GUMS; the PALATE; the LIP; the CHEEK; floor of the mouth; and other structures. The mucosa is generally a nonkeratinized stratified squamous EPITHELIUM covering muscle, bone, or glands but can show varying degree of keratinization at specific locations.
A chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease usually affecting the female genitalia (VULVAR LICHEN SCLEROSUS) and BALANITIS XEROTICA OBLITERANS in males. It is also called white spot disease and Csillag's disease.
Agents that soften, separate, and cause desquamation of the cornified epithelium or horny layer of skin. They are used to expose mycelia of infecting fungi or to treat corns, warts, and certain other skin diseases.
'Tongue diseases' is a broad term referring to various medical conditions that primarily affect the structure, function, or appearance of the tongue, including but not limited to infections, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders, congenital abnormalities, and malignancies.
Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.
A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.
A white patch seen on the oral mucosa. It is considered a premalignant condition and is often tobacco-induced. When evidence of Epstein-Barr virus is present, the condition is called hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY).
A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.
'Mouth diseases' is a broad term referring to various conditions that cause inflammation, infection, or structural changes in any part of the mouth, including the lips, gums, tongue, palate, cheeks, and teeth, which can lead to symptoms such as pain, discomfort, difficulty in chewing or speaking, and altered aesthetics.
Any horny growth such as a wart or callus.
A glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity used topically for various skin disorders.
Pathological processes of the VULVA.
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.
An acute or chronic GINGIVITIS characterized by redness and swelling, NECROSIS extending from the interdental papillae along the gingival margins, PAIN; HEMORRHAGE, necrotic odor, and often a pseudomembrane. The condition may extend to the ORAL MUCOSA; TONGUE; PALATE; or PHARYNX. The etiology is somewhat unclear, but may involve a complex of FUSOBACTERIUM NUCLEATUM along with spirochetes BORRELIA or TREPONEMA.
Lip diseases refer to various medical conditions that primarily affect the lips, causing symptoms such as inflammation, pain, dryness, discoloration, or abnormal growths, which may result from infectious, autoimmune, genetic, traumatic, or neoplastic causes.
A chronic inflammatory disease characterized by shiny, flat-topped, usually flesh-colored micropapules no larger than the head of a pin. Lesions are localized in the early stages, found chiefly on the lower abdomen, penis, and inner surface of the thighs. Distribution may become generalized as the disease progresses.
Hand dermatoses is a general term referring to various inflammatory skin conditions primarily affecting the hands, such as eczema, psoriasis, and contact dermatitis, characterized by erythema, scaling, vesiculation, fissuring, or lichenification.
A recurrent disease of the oral mucosa of unknown etiology. It is characterized by small white ulcerative lesions, single or multiple, round or oval. Two to eight crops of lesions occur per year, lasting for 7 to 14 days and then heal without scarring. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p742)
Photochemotherapy using PSORALENS as the photosensitizing agent and ultraviolet light type A (UVA).
A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink.
An extremely variable eczematous skin disease that is presumed to be a response to prolonged vigorous scratching, rubbing, or pinching to relieve intense pruritus. It varies in intensity, severity, course, and morphologic expression in different individuals. Neurodermatitis is believed by some to be psychogenic. The circumscribed or localized form is often referred to as lichen simplex chronicus.
'Gingival diseases' is a general term for conditions affecting the soft tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth, primarily characterized by inflammation, bleeding, redness, or swelling, which can progress to periodontal disease if left untreated.
Disorders of increased melanin pigmentation that develop without preceding inflammatory disease.
Treatment of disease by exposure to light, especially by variously concentrated light rays or specific wavelengths.
A white patch lesion found on a MUCOUS MEMBRANE that cannot be scraped off. Leukoplakia is generally considered a precancerous condition, however its appearance may also result from a variety of HEREDITARY DISEASES.
'Skin diseases' is a broad term for various conditions affecting the skin, including inflammatory disorders, infections, benign and malignant tumors, congenital abnormalities, and degenerative diseases, which can cause symptoms such as rashes, discoloration, eruptions, lesions, itching, or pain.
Any inflammation of the skin.
A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.
Benign DERMATOSIS caused by a loss of dermal ELASTIC TISSUE resulting in localized sac-like areas of flaccid skin. It can be either primary (idiopathic) or secondary to other skin conditions, PENICILLAMINE use, or premature birth.
Pathological processes that tend eventually to become malignant. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
A group of painful oral symptoms associated with a burning or similar sensation. There is usually a significant organic component with a degree of functional overlay; it is not limited to the psychophysiologic group of disorders.
The application of drug preparations to the surfaces of the body, especially the skin (ADMINISTRATION, CUTANEOUS) or mucous membranes. This method of treatment is used to avoid systemic side effects when high doses are required at a localized area or as an alternative systemic administration route, to avoid hepatic processing for example.
Abnormal responses to sunlight or artificial light due to extreme reactivity of light-absorbing molecules in tissues. It refers almost exclusively to skin photosensitivity, including sunburn, reactions due to repeated prolonged exposure in the absence of photosensitizing factors, and reactions requiring photosensitizing factors such as photosensitizing agents and certain diseases. With restricted reference to skin tissue, it does not include photosensitivity of the eye to light, as in photophobia or photosensitive epilepsy.
A histochemical technique for staining carbohydrates. It is based on PERIODIC ACID oxidation of a substance containing adjacent hydroxyl groups. The resulting aldehydes react with Schiff reagent to form a colored product.
Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified.
INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.
Methods used to remove unwanted facial and body hair.
A condition in which one or more of the arches of the foot have flattened out.

Autoantibodies in lichen planus pemphigoides react with a novel epitope within the C-terminal NC16A domain of BP180. (1/120)

Lichen planus pemphigoides is an autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease. The finding of immunoglobulin G antibodies directed against the basement membrane zone differentiates it from bullous lichen planus. The aim of this study was to identify the target antigen of lichen planus pemphigoides autoantibodies. Sera from lichen planus pemphigoides patients (n = 4) stained the epidermal side of NaCl-split human skin in a pattern indistinguishable from that produced by bullous pemphigoid sera. In bullous pemphigoid, the autoimmune response is directed against BP180, a hemidesmosomal transmembrane collagenous glycoprotein. We previously demonstrated that bullous pemphigoid sera predominantly react with a set of four epitopes (MCW-0 through MCW-3) clustered within a 45 amino acid stretch of the major noncollagenous extracellular domain (NC16A) of BP180. By immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, lichen planus pemphigoides sera were also strongly reactive with recombinant bullous pemphigoid 180 NC16A. The lichen planus pemphigoides epitopes were further mapped using a series of overlapping recombinant segments of the NC16A domain. All lichen planus pemphigoides sera reacted with amino acids 46-59 of domain NC16A, a protein segment that was previously shown to be unreactive with bullous pemphigoid sera. Two lichen planus pemphigoides sera, in addition, reacted with the immunodominant antigenic region associated with bullous pemphigoid. In conclusion, there are now five bullous diseases that are associated with an autoimmune response to BP180: bullous pemphigoid; pemphigoid/herpes gestationis; cicatricial pemphigoid; linear immunoglobulin A disease; and lichen planus pemphigoides. In addition, we have identified a novel epitope within the BP180 NC16A domain, designated MCW-4, that appears to be uniquely recognized by sera from patients with lichen planus pemphigoides.  (+info)

Epidermal HLA-DR and the enhancement of cutaneous reactivity to superantigenic toxins in psoriasis. (2/120)

Streptococcal and staphylococcal superantigens (SAg's) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases, but the mechanisms by which these toxins act are unknown. The present study assessed the ability of nanogram quantities of topically applied purified toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), staphylococcal enterotoxin type B, and streptococcal pyrogenic enterotoxin types A and C to induce inflammatory reactions in clinically uninvolved skin of normal controls and subjects with psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and lichen planus. These SAg's triggered a significantly greater inflammatory skin response in psoriatics than in normal control subjects or in subjects with atopic dermatitis or lichen planus. Surprisingly, skin biopsies did not exhibit the T-cell receptor Vbeta stimulatory properties predicted for SAg-induced skin reactions. By 6 hours after patch testing with SAg's, TNF-alpha mRNA had increased in the epidermis (but not the dermis) in biopsies from psoriatics, compared with controls. Immunohistochemical studies revealed significantly higher HLA-DR expression in keratinocytes from psoriatics than from controls. However, a mutant TSST-1 protein that fails to bind HLA-DR did not elicit an inflammatory skin reaction. These results indicate that keratinocyte expression of HLA-DR enhances inflammatory skin responses to SAg's. They may also account for previous studies failing to demonstrate selective expansion of T-cell receptor Vbetas in psoriatics colonized with SAg-producing Staphylococcus aureus, and they identify a novel T cell-independent mechanism by which SAg's contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases.  (+info)

Expression of alpha(v)beta6 integrin in oral leukoplakia. (3/120)

The distribution of alpha(v)beta6 integrin was examined in oral leukoplakia, lichen planus and squamous cell carcinomas using immunohistochemistry. Controls included oral mucosal wounds, chronically inflamed and normal oral mucosa. Integrins beta1, beta3, beta4, beta5, fibronectin and tenascin were also studied. The integrin alpha(v)beta6 was highly expressed throughout the whole lesion of 90% of the squamous cell carcinomas but was not present in any of the normal specimens. alpha(v)beta6 integrin was also expressed in 41% of the leukoplakia specimens, and 85% of the lichen planus samples, but in none of the tissues with inflammatory hyperplasia or chronic inflammation. The expression of beta1 integrins was localized in the basal layer, and that of the beta4 at the cell surface facing the basement membrane of all specimens. The integrins beta3 and beta5 were absent from all normal and leukoplakia specimens. Fibronectin and tenascin were present in the connective tissue underneath the epithelium of all the sections, and their expression was similar in both alpha(v)beta6-positive and alpha(v)beta6-negative tissues. A group of 28 leukoplakia patients were followed 1-4 years after first diagnosis. In this group, initially alpha(v)beta6 integrin-positive leukoplakia specimens had high tendency for disease progression while alpha(v)beta6-negative specimens did not progress. These results suggest that the expression of alpha(v)beta6 integrin could be associated in the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakias.  (+info)

Lichen planus. (4/120)

Lichen planus is an inflammatory mucocutaneous condition with characteristic violaceous polygonal flat-topped papules and plaques. Pruritus is often severe. Skin lesions may be disfiguring, and involvement of the oral mucosa or genital mucosa in severe cases may be debilitating. Oral lichen planus may predispose to the development of squamous cell carcinoma within lesions. Involvement of the scalp and the nails may also occur. While most cases of lichen planus are idiopathic, some may be caused by the ingestion of certain medications (e.g., gold, antimalarial agents, penicillamine, thiazide diuretics, beta blockers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, quinidine and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) or linked to hepatitis C virus infection. Patients with localized lichen planus are usually treated with potent topical steroids, while systemic steroids are used to treat patients with generalized lichen planus.  (+info)

Epidermal tight junctions: ZO-1 and occludin are expressed in mature, developing, and affected skin and in vitro differentiating keratinocytes. (5/120)

This study demonstrates the presence of tight junction antigens in adult and developing human epidermis. Indirect immunofluorescence labeling and immunoelectron microscopy with antibodies to ZO-1 and occludin localized tight junction components ZO-1 and occludin to a narrow zone of the granular cells of adult epidermis. Double immunolabeling for tight junction components with adherens junction or desmosome proteins suggested that occludin is more specific for tight junctions than ZO-1, which may also be associated with adherens junctions. In developing skin, tight junctions interconnected the peridermal cells, and after the fetal stratification localized to the granular cell layer. Immunolabeling of psoriasis, lichen planus, and ichthyosis vulgaris, representing aberrant differentiation of the epidermis, showed that these conditions were associated with relocation of ZO-1 and occludin to the spinous cells. Cultures of epidermal keratinocytes, which offer a useful model for the formation of cellular contacts, revealed that tight junction components, ZO-1 and occludin, displayed a marked degree of colocalization relatively late during the process when the fusion zone had assumed a linear appearance. This suggests that the formation of adherens junctions and desmosomes precedes that of tight junctions. We speculate that the epidermal barrier, isolating the human body from the external environment, is in part formed by tight junctions of stratum granulosum.  (+info)

Lichenoid tissue reaction in malignant melanoma: a potential diagnostic pitfall. (6/120)

Lichenoid tissue reactions can occur in malignant melanoma and may cause partial regression of the lesion. We studied a series of melanomas to determine how frequently lichenoid tissue reaction obscures the diagnosis of malignant melanoma. We retrospectively reviewed 342 cases of invasive malignant melanoma and melanoma in situ from the head, neck, chest, and back. Of the 342 cases, 23 (6.7%) had a lichenoid tissue reaction obscuring a portion of the lesion. In 6 cases (1.8%), the lichenoid tissue reaction replaced a major portion of the lesion. Knowledge of this phenomenon can prevent misdiagnosis.  (+info)

Endothelial induction of the T-cell chemokine CCL21 in T-cell autoimmune diseases. (7/120)

The signals that mediate T-cell infiltration during T-cell autoimmune diseases are poorly understood. The chemokine CCL21 (originally isolated by us and others as Exodus-2/6Ckine/SLC/TCA4) is highly potent and highly specific for stimulating T-cell migration. However, it is thought to be expressed only in secondary lymphoid organs, directing naive T cells to areas of antigen presentation. It is not thought to play a role in T-cell effector function during a normal immune response. In this study we tested the expression of T-cell chemokines and their receptors during T-cell autoimmune infiltrative skin diseases. By using immunohistology it was found that the expression of CCL21 but not CCL19 or 20 was highly induced in endothelial cells of T-cell autoimmune diseases. The receptor for CCL21, CCR7, was also found to be highly expressed on the infiltrating T cells, most of which expressed the memory CD45Ro phenotype. These data imply that the usual loss of CCL21 responsiveness in the normal development of memory T-cell effector function does not hold for autoimmune skin diseases.  (+info)

Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA and core protein in keratinocytes from patients with cutaneous lichen planus and chronic hepatitis C. (8/120)

Cutaneous lichen planus has been associated in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. It is still unknown whether hepatitis C virus infects keratinocytes of lichen planus lesions. In this report we have analyzed the presence of genomic and anti-genomic hepatitis C virus RNA in skin biopsies from 26 patients with chronic hepatitis C and healthy skin and from 24 patients with cutaneous lichen planus (five with and 19 without hepatitis C virus infection) by in situ hybridization. Hepatitis C virus RNA was detected in the keratinocytes of 69% of the patients with healthy skin and chronic hepatitis C, in 100% of the patients with lichen planus and hepatitis C virus infection, and in none of lichen planus patients without hepatitis C virus infection. The percentage of keratinocytes showing genomic or anti-genomic hepatitis C virus RNA was statistically lower (p < 0.01 in all cases) in patients with healthy skin (mean +/- SD: 5.7 +/- 3.5% and 2.7 +/- 3.1% of keratinocytes with genomic or anti-genomic hepatitis C virus RNA, respectively) than in those with lichen planus lesions (31.7 +/- 7.9% and 18.8 +/- 7.4%, mean +/- SD) or the unaffected adjacent skin (24.8 +/- 6.9% and 14.3 +/- 3.8%, mean +/- SD). In conclusion, we have demonstrated that hepatitis C virus infects keratinocytes from patients with lichen planus and hepatitis C virus infection.  (+info)

Lichen Planus is a chronic, autoimmune skin condition that can also affect the mucous membranes inside the mouth, genitals, and eyes. It is characterized by the appearance of purplish, flat-topped bumps or lesions on the skin, which may be itchy. The exact cause of Lichen Planus is unknown, but it is believed to occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks cells in the skin or mucous membranes. Certain medications, viral infections, and genetic factors may increase the risk of developing this condition. Treatment typically focuses on managing symptoms and may include topical corticosteroids, oral medications, or light therapy.

Lichen Planus, Oral is a relatively common inflammatory condition that affects the mucous membranes inside the mouth. It is characterized by the presence of white, lacy patches (called Wickham's striae), papules, or plaques on the oral mucosa, which can be uncomfortable or painful, especially when eating spicy, salty, or acidic foods. The condition can also cause soreness, redness, and ulceration in some cases.

The exact cause of oral lichen planus is not known, but it is believed to be related to an abnormal immune response in which the body's immune system attacks the cells in the oral mucosa. The condition can affect people of any age, but it is most commonly seen in middle-aged adults, and it affects women more often than men.

While there is no cure for oral lichen planus, treatment can help to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Topical corticosteroids are often used to reduce inflammation and relieve pain, while systemic medications may be prescribed in severe cases. It is important to avoid irritants such as tobacco, alcohol, and spicy foods, which can exacerbate symptoms. Regular dental check-ups are also recommended to monitor the condition and prevent any complications.

Lichens are not a medical term, but I can provide a biological definition for you. Lichens are unique symbiotic organisms that result from the mutualistic relationship between fungi (usually Ascomycetes) and photosynthetic partners, such as algae or cyanobacteria. The fungal partner provides protection and anchorage, while the photosynthetic partner supplies carbohydrates through photosynthesis. Lichens are widely distributed and can be found growing on various substrates, including rocks, trees, and soil. They play essential ecological roles, such as soil stabilization, atmospheric nitrogen fixation, and biomonitoring of air pollution.

Lichenoid eruptions are skin reactions that resemble the appearance of lichen, a type of slow-growing fungus. These eruptions are characterized by flat, scaly bumps (papules) and rough, discolored patches (plaques) on the skin. They can be caused by various factors, including medications, medical conditions, or as a reaction to certain chemicals or substances that come into contact with the skin.

The term "lichenoid" refers to the resemblance of these eruptions to lichen, which is characterized by its distinctive appearance and growth pattern. Lichenoid eruptions can occur anywhere on the body but are most commonly found on sun-exposed areas such as the arms, legs, and trunk.

The exact cause of lichenoid eruptions can vary, but they are often associated with an autoimmune response in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells. This can lead to inflammation, redness, itching, and other symptoms associated with these eruptions. Treatment for lichenoid eruptions typically involves identifying and addressing the underlying cause, as well as managing symptoms with topical medications or other therapies.

Acitretin is a synthetic form of retinoic acid, which is a type of vitamin A. It is used to treat severe psoriasis and other skin conditions. Acitretin works by slowing down the rapid growth of skin cells that cause the symptoms of psoriasis. It comes in the form of a capsule and is taken orally.

Common side effects of acitretin include dryness of the skin, lips, and mouth, itching, peeling, redness, or stickiness of the palms and soles, hair loss, and changes in nail growth. Less common but more serious side effects can include liver damage, increased levels of lipids in the blood, and birth defects if taken during pregnancy.

It is important to note that acitretin can cause birth defects, so women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant should not take this medication. Additionally, because acitretin can remain in the body for a long time, it is recommended that women of childbearing age use effective contraception while taking this medication and for at least three years after stopping it.

Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that affects the genital skin, particularly the vulva in women. It is characterized by thin, white, crinkly skin that can be patchy or involve the entire vulvar area. The skin may become fragile and tear easily, leading to pain, itching (pruritus), discomfort, and soreness. In some cases, VLS can cause scarring and narrowing of the vaginal opening, which can make sexual intercourse painful.

The exact cause of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus is not known, but it may be associated with hormonal imbalances, genetics, or an autoimmune response. While there is no cure for VLS, various treatments can help manage the symptoms and prevent complications. Topical corticosteroids are often used to reduce inflammation and relieve itching. Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider are essential to monitor the condition and adjust treatment as necessary.

The mouth mucosa refers to the mucous membrane that lines the inside of the mouth, also known as the oral mucosa. It covers the tongue, gums, inner cheeks, palate, and floor of the mouth. This moist tissue is made up of epithelial cells, connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerve endings. Its functions include protecting the underlying tissues from physical trauma, chemical irritation, and microbial infections; aiding in food digestion by producing enzymes; and providing sensory information about taste, temperature, and texture.

Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus (LSEA) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that can affect both males and females, but it's most commonly found in women after menopause. It can occur at any age, including children. The condition typically affects the genital and anal areas, though it can appear elsewhere on the body as well.

The medical definition of Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus is:

A skin disorder characterized by white patches (plaques) that can be smooth or wrinkled, thickened, and easily bruised. These patches may merge to form larger areas of affected skin. The condition can cause itching, burning, pain, and blistering. In women, the vulva is often affected, and sexual intercourse may become painful. In men, it can affect the foreskin and glans penis, leading to difficulty urinating or having sex.

The exact cause of Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus remains unknown, but it's believed that hormonal imbalances, genetics, and an overactive immune system may play a role in its development. Treatment usually involves topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms. In some cases, other medications or phototherapy might be recommended. It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Keratolytic agents are substances that cause the softening and sloughing off of excess keratin, the protein that makes up the outermost layer of the skin (stratum corneum). These agents help to break down and remove dead skin cells, increase moisture retention, and promote the growth of new skin cells. They are commonly used in the treatment of various dermatological conditions such as psoriasis, eczema, warts, calluses, and ichthyosis. Examples of keratolytic agents include salicylic acid, urea, lactic acid, and retinoic acid.

Tongue diseases refer to various medical conditions that affect the structure, function, or appearance of the tongue. These conditions can be categorized into several types, including:

1. Infections: Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections can cause tongue inflammation (glossitis), pain, and ulcers. Common causes include streptococcus, herpes simplex, and candida albicans.
2. Traumatic injuries: These can result from accidental bites, burns, or irritation caused by sharp teeth, dental appliances, or habitual habits like tongue thrusting or chewing.
3. Neoplasms: Both benign and malignant growths can occur on the tongue, such as papillomas, fibromas, and squamous cell carcinoma.
4. Congenital disorders: Some individuals may be born with abnormalities of the tongue, like ankyloglossia (tongue-tie) or macroglossia (enlarged tongue).
5. Neurological conditions: Certain neurological disorders can affect tongue movement and sensation, such as Bell's palsy, stroke, or multiple sclerosis.
6. Systemic diseases: Various systemic conditions can have symptoms that manifest on the tongue, like diabetes mellitus (which can cause dryness and furring), iron deficiency anemia (which may lead to atrophic glossitis), or Sjögren's syndrome (which can result in xerostomia).
7. Idiopathic: In some cases, the cause of tongue symptoms remains unknown, leading to a diagnosis of idiopathic glossitis or burning mouth syndrome.

Proper diagnosis and treatment of tongue diseases require a thorough examination by a healthcare professional, often involving a dental or medical specialist such as an oral pathologist, otolaryngologist, or dermatologist.

Hyperpigmentation is a medical term that refers to the darkening of skin areas due to an increase in melanin, the pigment that provides color to our skin. This condition can affect people of all races and ethnicities, but it's more noticeable in those with lighter skin tones.

Hyperpigmentation can be caused by various factors, including excessive sun exposure, hormonal changes (such as during pregnancy), inflammation, certain medications, and underlying medical conditions like Addison's disease or hemochromatosis. It can also result from skin injuries, such as cuts, burns, or acne, which leave dark spots known as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.

There are several types of hyperpigmentation, including:

1. Melasma: This is a common form of hyperpigmentation that typically appears as symmetrical, blotchy patches on the face, particularly the forehead, cheeks, and upper lip. It's often triggered by hormonal changes, such as those experienced during pregnancy or while taking birth control pills.
2. Solar lentigos (age spots or liver spots): These are small, darkened areas of skin that appear due to prolonged sun exposure over time. They typically occur on the face, hands, arms, and decolletage.
3. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation: This type of hyperpigmentation occurs when an injury or inflammation heals, leaving behind a darkened area of skin. It's more common in people with darker skin tones.

Treatment for hyperpigmentation depends on the underlying cause and may include topical creams, chemical peels, laser therapy, or microdermabrasion. Preventing further sun damage is crucial to managing hyperpigmentation, so wearing sunscreen with a high SPF and protective clothing is recommended.

Clobetasol is a topical corticosteroid medication that is used to reduce inflammation and relieve itching, redness, and swelling associated with various skin conditions. It works by suppressing the immune system's response to reduce inflammation. Clobetasol is available in several forms, including creams, ointments, emulsions, and foams, and is usually applied to the affected area once or twice a day.

It is important to use clobetasol only as directed by a healthcare provider, as prolonged or excessive use can lead to thinning of the skin, increased susceptibility to infections, and other side effects. Additionally, it should not be used on large areas of the body or for extended periods without medical supervision.

Leukoplakia, oral is a predominantly white patch or plaque that cannot be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease. It is an oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) and represents a significant risk for the development of squamous cell carcinoma. The lesions are typically caused by chronic irritation, such as smoking or smokeless tobacco use, and are most commonly found on the tongue, floor of the mouth, and buccal mucosa. The diagnosis is confirmed through a biopsy, and management includes removal of causative factors and close monitoring for any signs of malignant transformation.

Tolonium Chloride, also known as Toluidine Blue O, is a basic thiazine metachromatic dye that is used in medical and research settings. It is often used as a diagnostic agent in procedures such as the Toluidine Blue Test for identifying cancerous or precancerous cells in the cervix, oral mucosa, and other tissues. The dye selectively binds to acidic components in the extracellular matrix of neoplastic cells, making them more visible under a microscope. It is also used in research to study cell membrane permeability and lysosomal function. Please note that the use of Tolonium Chloride should be under medical supervision and professional guidance.

Mouth diseases refer to a variety of conditions that affect the oral cavity, including the lips, gums, teeth, tongue, palate, and lining of the mouth. These diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other organisms. They can also result from injuries, chronic illnesses, or genetic factors.

Some common examples of mouth diseases include dental caries (cavities), periodontal disease (gum disease), oral herpes, candidiasis (thrush), lichen planus, and oral cancer. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, redness, bleeding, bad breath, difficulty swallowing or speaking, and changes in the appearance of the mouth or teeth. Treatment depends on the specific diagnosis and may involve medications, dental procedures, or lifestyle changes.

Keratosis, in general, refers to a skin condition characterized by the abnormal growth or development of keratin, a protein that forms part of the outer layer of the skin (epidermis). There are several types of keratosis, including:

1. Seborrheic Keratosis: benign, often pigmented, rough, and scaly growths that can appear anywhere on the body. They tend to increase in number with age.
2. Actinic Keratosis: rough, scaly patches or spots on the skin that are caused by long-term exposure to sunlight or artificial UV light. These have the potential to develop into squamous cell carcinoma, a type of skin cancer.
3. Solar Keratosis: another term for actinic keratosis, as it is primarily caused by sun damage.
4. Keratosis Pilaris: a common condition where small, rough bumps appear on the skin, often on the arms, thighs, or cheeks. These are caused by excess keratin blocking hair follicles.
5. Follicular Keratosis: a disorder characterized by the formation of horny plugs within the hair follicles, leading to rough, sandpaper-like bumps on the skin.
6. Intraepidermal Keratosis: a term used to describe the abnormal accumulation of keratin in the epidermis, which can lead to various skin conditions.

It's important to consult with a healthcare professional or dermatologist for proper diagnosis and treatment if you suspect having any form of keratosis.

Fluocinolone acetonide is a synthetic corticosteroid, which is a class of drugs used to reduce inflammation in the body. It works by suppressing the immune system's response to various conditions and is often used in the treatment of skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, and dermatitis.

Fluocinolone acetonide is available in several forms, including creams, ointments, solutions, and injectable preparations. It is important to use this medication only as directed by a healthcare provider, as improper use can increase the risk of side effects, such as thinning of the skin, easy bruising, and increased susceptibility to infection.

Fluocinolone acetonide is not typically referred to as "fluocortolone," which is a different corticosteroid drug. It's important to make sure you are using the correct medical terminology when discussing medications with your healthcare provider.

Vulvar diseases refer to a range of medical conditions that affect the vulva, which is the external female genital area including the mons pubis, labia majora and minora, clitoris, and the vaginal opening. These conditions can cause various symptoms such as itching, burning, pain, soreness, irritation, or abnormal growths or lesions. Some common vulvar diseases include:

1. Vulvitis: inflammation of the vulva that can be caused by infection, allergies, or irritants.
2. Lichen sclerosus: a chronic skin condition that causes thin, white patches on the vulva.
3. Lichen planus: an inflammatory condition that affects the skin and mucous membranes, including the vulva.
4. Vulvar cancer: a rare type of cancer that develops in the tissues of the vulva.
5. Genital warts: caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, these are small growths or bumps on the vulva.
6. Pudendal neuralgia: a nerve condition that causes pain in the vulvar area.
7. Vestibulodynia: pain or discomfort in the vestibule, the area surrounding the vaginal opening.

It is important to consult a healthcare professional if experiencing any symptoms related to vulvar diseases for proper diagnosis and treatment.

A mouth neoplasm refers to an abnormal growth or tumor in the oral cavity, which can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Malignant mouth neoplasms are also known as oral cancer. They can develop on the lips, gums, tongue, roof and floor of the mouth, inside the cheeks, and in the oropharynx (the middle part of the throat at the back of the mouth).

Mouth neoplasms can have various causes, including genetic factors, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). Symptoms may include a lump or thickening in the oral soft tissues, white or red patches, persistent mouth sores, difficulty swallowing or speaking, and numbness in the mouth. Early detection and treatment of mouth neoplasms are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing complications.

Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG), also known as trench mouth or acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivostomatitis, is a severe and painful form of gingivitis that is characterized by the presence of necrosis (tissue death) and ulcers in the gum tissue. It is caused by a combination of factors, including poor oral hygiene, stress, smoking, and a weakened immune system. The condition is often associated with the presence of certain types of bacteria that produce toxins that can damage the gum tissue.

NUG is characterized by the sudden onset of symptoms such as severe pain, bleeding, bad breath, and a grayish-white or yellowish film covering the gums. The gums may also appear bright red, swollen, and shiny, and may bleed easily when brushed or touched. In some cases, the condition can progress to involve other areas of the mouth, such as the lining of the cheeks and lips.

NUG is typically treated with a combination of professional dental cleaning, antibiotics to eliminate the bacterial infection, and pain management. It is important to maintain good oral hygiene practices to prevent recurrence of the condition. If left untreated, NUG can lead to more serious complications such as tooth loss or spread of the infection to other parts of the body.

Lip diseases refer to various medical conditions that affect the lips, which can be caused by different factors such as infections, inflammation, allergies, or autoimmune disorders. Some examples of lip diseases include:

1. Cheilitis: It is an inflammation of the lips, which can cause dryness, cracking, and soreness. It can be caused by various factors, including irritants, allergies, or infections.
2. Angular cheilitis: It is a condition that causes inflammation and redness at the corners of the mouth. It can be caused by fungal or bacterial infections, ill-fitting dentures, or vitamin deficiencies.
3. Herpes simplex labialis: Also known as cold sores, it is a viral infection that causes painful blisters on the lips and around the mouth. The virus can be spread through close contact with an infected person.
4. Actinic cheilitis: It is a precancerous condition caused by excessive exposure to the sun, which leads to dry, scaly, or thickened patches on the lips.
5. Fordyce spots: These are small, painless, white or yellowish bumps that appear on the lips and inside the mouth. They are harmless and do not require treatment.
6. Lip cancer: It is a type of skin cancer that affects the lips, usually caused by excessive exposure to the sun. The symptoms include a sore or lump on the lip that does not heal, bleeding, pain, or numbness.

If you experience any symptoms related to lip diseases, it is recommended to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Lichen nitidus is a relatively uncommon, chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by the presence of small, shiny, flat-topped papules (skin-colored or slightly hypopigmented). These lesions are typically arranged in clusters or rows, often on the trunk, extremities, and genital areas. The exact cause of lichen nitidus remains unknown, but it is thought to be a T-cell mediated immune response. It primarily affects children and adolescents, and while it can be asymptomatic, some individuals may experience mild pruritus (itching). In most cases, the condition resolves on its own within a few years, although topical corticosteroids or other treatments might be used to help manage symptoms. Lichen nitidus is not contagious and does not appear to have any significant association with systemic diseases.

Hand dermatoses is a general term used to describe various inflammatory skin conditions that affect the hands. These conditions can cause symptoms such as redness, swelling, itching, blistering, scaling, and cracking of the skin on the hands. Common examples of hand dermatoses include:

1. Irritant contact dermatitis: A reaction that occurs when the skin comes into contact with irritants such as chemicals, soaps, or detergents.
2. Allergic contact dermatitis: A reaction that occurs when the skin comes into contact with allergens, such as nickel, rubber, or poison ivy.
3. Atopic dermatitis (eczema): A chronic skin condition characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin.
4. Psoriasis: A chronic skin condition characterized by red, scaly patches that can occur anywhere on the body, including the hands.
5. Dyshidrotic eczema: A type of eczema that causes small blisters to form on the sides of the fingers, palms, and soles of the feet.
6. Lichen planus: An inflammatory skin condition that can cause purple or white patches to form on the hands and other parts of the body.
7. Scabies: A contagious skin condition caused by mites that burrow into the skin and lay eggs, causing intense itching and a rash.

Treatment for hand dermatoses depends on the specific diagnosis and may include topical creams or ointments, oral medications, phototherapy, or avoidance of triggers.

Aphthous stomatitis, also known simply as canker sores, is a medical condition that involves the development of small, painful ulcers in the mouth. These ulcers typically appear on the inside of the lips or cheeks, under the tongue, or on the gums. They are usually round or oval with a white or yellow center and a red border.

Aphthous stomatitis is not contagious and is thought to be caused by a variety of factors, including stress, hormonal changes, nutritional deficiencies, and injury to the mouth. The ulcers typically heal on their own within one to two weeks, although larger or more severe sores may take longer to heal.

Treatment for aphthous stomatitis is generally focused on relieving symptoms, as there is no cure for the condition. This may include using over-the-counter mouth rinses or topical gels to numb the area and reduce pain, as well as avoiding spicy, acidic, or hard foods that can irritate the ulcers. In some cases, prescription medications may be necessary to help manage more severe or persistent cases of aphthous stomatitis.

PUVA therapy is a type of treatment that uses both medication and light to treat certain skin conditions, such as psoriasis, eczema, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The name "PUVA" stands for Psoralen + UVA, which refers to the two main components of the therapy:

1. Psoralen: This is a medication that makes the skin more sensitive to light. It can be taken orally or applied directly to the skin in the form of a cream or bath.
2. UVA: This stands for Ultraviolet A, which is a type of light that is part of the natural sunlight spectrum. In PUVA therapy, the skin is exposed to a controlled dose of UVA light in a special booth or room.

When psoralen is introduced into the body, it absorbs into the skin and makes it more sensitive to UVA light. When the skin is then exposed to UVA light, it triggers a chemical reaction that slows down the growth of affected skin cells. This helps to reduce inflammation, scaling, and other symptoms associated with the skin condition being treated.

It's important to note that PUVA therapy can have side effects, including sunburn, itching, redness, and an increased risk of skin cancer over time. As such, it is typically used as a second-line treatment when other therapies have not been effective, and it is closely monitored by a healthcare professional to ensure its safe and effective use.

Hematoxylin is not a medical term per se, but it is widely used in the field of histology and pathology, which are subspecialties within medicine. Hematoxylin is a natural dye that is commonly used in histological staining procedures to highlight cell nuclei in tissue samples. It is often combined with eosin, another dye, to create the well-known hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain, which is routinely used to examine tissue architecture and diagnose various medical conditions.

In essence, hematoxylin is a histological stain that selectively binds to the acidic components of nuclear chromatin, imparting a blue-purple color to the cell nuclei when visualized under a microscope. This staining technique helps pathologists and researchers identify and analyze various cellular structures and abnormalities within tissue samples.

Neurodermatitis, also known as lichen simplex chronicus, is a skin condition characterized by chronic itching and scratching of the skin. It typically affects areas that are easy to reach and can be triggered by stress, anxiety, or other underlying skin conditions such as eczema or psoriasis. The constant scratching leads to thickening and darkening of the skin, which can cause discomfort and distress. Treatment usually involves a combination of topical medications, lifestyle changes, and behavioral modifications to reduce scratching and alleviate symptoms.

Gingival diseases are infections or inflammations that affect the gingiva, which is the part of the gum around the base of the teeth. These diseases can be caused by bacteria found in dental plaque and can lead to symptoms such as redness, swelling, bleeding, and receding gums. If left untreated, gingival diseases can progress to periodontal disease, a more serious condition that can result in tooth loss. Common types of gingival diseases include gingivitis and periodontitis.

Melanosis is a general term that refers to an increased deposit of melanin, the pigment responsible for coloring our skin, in the skin or other organs. It can occur in response to various factors such as sun exposure, aging, or certain medical conditions. There are several types of melanosis, including:

1. Epidermal melanosis: This type of melanosis is characterized by an increase in melanin within the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. It can result from sun exposure, hormonal changes, or inflammation.
2. Dermal melanosis: In this type of melanosis, there is an accumulation of melanin within the dermis, the middle layer of the skin. It can be caused by various conditions such as nevus of Ota, nevus of Ito, or melanoma metastasis.
3. Mucosal melanosis: This type of melanosis involves an increase in melanin within the mucous membranes, such as those lining the mouth, nose, and genitals. It can be a sign of systemic disorders like Addison's disease or Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.
4. Lentigo simplex: Also known as simple lentigines, these are small, benign spots that appear on sun-exposed skin. They result from an increase in melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin.
5. Labial melanotic macule: This is a pigmented lesion found on the lips, typically the lower lip. It is more common in darker-skinned individuals and is usually benign but should be monitored for changes that may indicate malignancy.
6. Ocular melanosis: An increase in melanin within the eye can lead to various conditions such as ocular melanocytosis, oculodermal melanocytosis, or choroidal melanoma.

It is important to note that while some forms of melanosis are benign and harmless, others may indicate an underlying medical condition or even malignancy. Therefore, any new or changing pigmented lesions should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.

Phototherapy is a medical treatment that involves the use of light to manage or improve certain conditions. It can be delivered in various forms, such as natural light exposure or artificial light sources, including lasers, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), or fluorescent lamps. The wavelength and intensity of light are carefully controlled to achieve specific therapeutic effects.

Phototherapy is most commonly used for newborns with jaundice to help break down bilirubin in the skin, reducing its levels in the bloodstream. This type of phototherapy is called bilirubin lights or bili lights.

In dermatology, phototherapy can be applied to treat various skin conditions like psoriasis, eczema, vitiligo, and acne. Narrowband ultraviolet B (UVB) therapy, PUVA (psoralen plus UVA), and blue or red light therapies are some examples of dermatological phototherapies.

Phototherapy can also be used to alleviate symptoms of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and other mood disorders by exposing patients to bright artificial light, which helps regulate their circadian rhythms and improve their mood. This form of phototherapy is called light therapy or bright light therapy.

It's essential to consult a healthcare professional before starting any phototherapy treatment, as inappropriate use can lead to adverse effects.

Leukoplakia is a medical term used to describe a white or gray patch that develops on the mucous membranes lining the inside of the mouth. These patches are typically caused by excessive cell growth and cannot be easily scraped off. Leukoplakia is often associated with long-term tobacco use, including smoking and chewing tobacco, as well as alcohol consumption. While most cases of leukoplakia are benign, a small percentage can develop into oral cancer, so it's essential to have any suspicious patches evaluated by a healthcare professional.

Skin diseases, also known as dermatological conditions, refer to any medical condition that affects the skin, which is the largest organ of the human body. These diseases can affect the skin's function, appearance, or overall health. They can be caused by various factors, including genetics, infections, allergies, environmental factors, and aging.

Skin diseases can present in many different forms, such as rashes, blisters, sores, discolorations, growths, or changes in texture. Some common examples of skin diseases include acne, eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis, fungal infections, viral infections, bacterial infections, and skin cancer.

The symptoms and severity of skin diseases can vary widely depending on the specific condition and individual factors. Some skin diseases are mild and can be treated with over-the-counter medications or topical creams, while others may require more intensive treatments such as prescription medications, light therapy, or even surgery.

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any unusual or persistent changes in your skin, as some skin diseases can be serious or indicative of other underlying health conditions. A dermatologist is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases.

Dermatitis is a general term that describes inflammation of the skin. It is often characterized by redness, swelling, itching, and tenderness. There are many different types of dermatitis, including atopic dermatitis (eczema), contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and nummular dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic skin condition that often affects people with a family history of allergies, such as asthma or hay fever. It typically causes dry, scaly patches on the skin that can be extremely itchy.

Contact dermatitis occurs when the skin comes into contact with an irritant or allergen, such as poison ivy or certain chemicals. This type of dermatitis can cause redness, swelling, and blistering.

Seborrheic dermatitis is a common condition that causes a red, itchy rash, often on the scalp, face, or other areas of the body where oil glands are located. It is thought to be related to an overproduction of oil by the skin's sebaceous glands.

Nummular dermatitis is a type of eczema that causes round, coin-shaped patches of dry, scaly skin. It is more common in older adults and often occurs during the winter months.

Treatment for dermatitis depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. In some cases, over-the-counter creams or lotions may be sufficient to relieve symptoms. Prescription medications, such as corticosteroids or immunosuppressants, may be necessary in more severe cases. Avoiding triggers and irritants can also help prevent flare-ups of dermatitis.

Anetoderma is a medical condition that affects the skin. It is characterized by small, depressed areas on the skin that have lost their elasticity and appear thinned out or atrophied. The term "anetoderma" comes from the Greek words "ana," meaning again, and "derma," meaning skin.

In anetoderma, the normal structure of the skin is disrupted, resulting in a loss of collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis. This leads to the formation of well-circumscribed, depressed lesions that can range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter. The lesions may be smooth, wrinkled, or have a dimpled appearance, and they may be skin-colored, red, or hyperpigmented.

Anetoderma can affect people of any age, but it is most commonly seen in middle-aged women. The exact cause of anetoderma is not known, but it is thought to be related to autoimmune disorders, infections, and certain medications. In some cases, the condition may be associated with other medical conditions such as lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, or Sjogren's syndrome.

There is no cure for anetoderma, but treatment options are available to help manage the symptoms and improve the appearance of the skin. These may include topical creams or ointments, laser therapy, or surgical excision of the lesions. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

A precancerous condition, also known as a premalignant condition, is a state of abnormal cellular growth and development that has a higher-than-normal potential to progress into cancer. These conditions are characterized by the presence of certain anomalies in the cells, such as dysplasia (abnormal changes in cell shape or size), which can indicate an increased risk for malignant transformation.

It is important to note that not all precancerous conditions will eventually develop into cancer, and some may even regress on their own. However, individuals with precancerous conditions are often at a higher risk of developing cancer compared to the general population. Regular monitoring and appropriate medical interventions, if necessary, can help manage this risk and potentially prevent or detect cancer at an early stage when it is more treatable.

Examples of precancerous conditions include:

1. Dysplasia in the cervix (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or CIN)
2. Atypical ductal hyperplasia or lobular hyperplasia in the breast
3. Actinic keratosis on the skin
4. Leukoplakia in the mouth
5. Barrett's esophagus in the digestive tract

Regular medical check-ups, screenings, and lifestyle modifications are crucial for individuals with precancerous conditions to monitor their health and reduce the risk of cancer development.

Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a chronic oral condition characterized by a burning, scalding, or tingling sensation in the mouth without an obvious cause. The symptoms most commonly affect the tongue, but they may also involve the roof of the mouth, gums, inside of the cheeks, and lips. The pain can range from mild to severe and may be continuous or intermittent.

The exact cause of BMS is not well understood, but it is believed to be a neuropathic condition, meaning that it involves damage to or malfunction of the nerves that transmit sensation in the mouth. In some cases, BMS may be associated with underlying medical conditions such as hormonal imbalances, nutritional deficiencies, or autoimmune disorders. However, in many cases, no specific cause can be identified.

Treatment for BMS typically involves addressing any underlying medical conditions and managing the symptoms with medications, lifestyle changes, and other therapies. Medications such as antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and topical anesthetics may be used to help relieve pain and discomfort. Lifestyle changes such as avoiding spicy or acidic foods, practicing good oral hygiene, and reducing stress may also help alleviate symptoms. In some cases, cognitive-behavioral therapy or other psychological interventions may be recommended to help patients cope with chronic pain.

Topical administration refers to a route of administering a medication or treatment directly to a specific area of the body, such as the skin, mucous membranes, or eyes. This method allows the drug to be applied directly to the site where it is needed, which can increase its effectiveness and reduce potential side effects compared to systemic administration (taking the medication by mouth or injecting it into a vein or muscle).

Topical medications come in various forms, including creams, ointments, gels, lotions, solutions, sprays, and patches. They may be used to treat localized conditions such as skin infections, rashes, inflammation, or pain, or to deliver medication to the eyes or mucous membranes for local or systemic effects.

When applying topical medications, it is important to follow the instructions carefully to ensure proper absorption and avoid irritation or other adverse reactions. This may include cleaning the area before application, covering the treated area with a dressing, or avoiding exposure to sunlight or water after application, depending on the specific medication and its intended use.

Photosensitivity disorders refer to conditions that cause an abnormal reaction to sunlight or artificial light. This reaction can take the form of various skin changes, such as rashes, inflammation, or pigmentation, and in some cases, it can also lead to systemic symptoms like fatigue, fever, or joint pain.

The two main types of photosensitivity disorders are:

1. Phototoxic reactions: These occur when a substance (such as certain medications, chemicals, or plants) absorbs light energy and transfers it to skin cells, causing damage and inflammation. The reaction typically appears within 24 hours of exposure to the light source and can resemble a sunburn.

2. Photoallergic reactions: These occur when the immune system responds to the combination of light and a particular substance, leading to an allergic response. The reaction may not appear until several days after initial exposure and can cause redness, itching, and blistering.

It is important for individuals with photosensitivity disorders to avoid excessive sun exposure, wear protective clothing, and use broad-spectrum sunscreens with a high SPF rating to minimize the risk of phototoxic or photoallergic reactions.

The Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction is a histological staining method used to detect the presence of certain carbohydrates, such as glycogen and glycoproteins, in tissues or cells. This technique involves treating the tissue with periodic acid, which oxidizes the vicinal hydroxyl groups in the carbohydrates, creating aldehydes. The aldehydes then react with Schiff's reagent, forming a magenta-colored complex that is visible under a microscope.

The PAS reaction is commonly used to identify and analyze various tissue components, such as basement membranes, fungal cell walls, and mucins in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. It can also be used to diagnose certain medical conditions, like kidney diseases, where abnormal accumulations of carbohydrates occur in the renal tubules or glomeruli.

In summary, the Periodic Acid-Schiff reaction is a staining method that detects specific carbohydrates in tissues or cells, which can aid in diagnostic and research applications.

Foot dermatoses refer to various skin conditions that affect the feet. These can include inflammatory conditions like eczema and psoriasis, infectious diseases such as athlete's foot (tinea pedis), fungal infections, bacterial infections, viral infections (like plantar warts caused by HPV), and autoimmune blistering disorders. Additionally, contact dermatitis from irritants or allergens can also affect the feet. Proper diagnosis is essential to determine the best course of treatment for each specific condition.

Stomatitis is a medical term that refers to inflammation of the mucous membrane of any of the soft tissues in the mouth, including the lips, gums, tongue, palate, and cheek lining. It can cause discomfort, pain, and sores or lesions in the mouth. Stomatitis may result from a variety of causes, such as infection, injury, allergic reaction, or systemic diseases. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, mouth rinses, or changes in oral hygiene practices.

Hair removal is the deliberate elimination or reduction of body hair. This can be achieved through various methods, both temporary and permanent. Some common temporary methods include shaving, waxing, tweezing, and depilatory creams. Permanent methods may involve laser hair removal or electrolysis, which target the hair follicle to prevent future growth. It's important to note that some methods can have side effects or risks, so it's recommended to consult with a healthcare professional or dermatologist before starting any new hair removal regimen.

Medical professionals define "flatfoot" or "pes planus" as a postural deformity in which the arch of the foot collapses, leading to the entire sole of the foot coming into complete or near-complete contact with the ground. This condition can be classified as flexible (the arch reappears when the foot is not bearing weight) or rigid (the arch does not reappear). Flatfoot can result from various factors such as genetics, injury, aging, or certain medical conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and cerebral palsy. In some cases, flatfoot may not cause any symptoms or problems; however, in other instances, it can lead to pain, discomfort, or difficulty walking. Treatment options for flatfoot depend on the severity of the condition and associated symptoms and may include physical therapy, orthotics, bracing, or surgery.

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Lichen planus. Allergies and contact sensitivities to foods, metals, and other substances (see table). Hiatal hernia. Human ... lesions resembling oral lichen planus), or plasma cell gingivitis, which may be accompanied by glossitis and cheilitis. Apart ...
Idrees M, Kujan O, Shearston K, Farah CS (January 2020). "Oral lichen planus has a very low malignant transformation rate: A ... Oral submucosal fibrosis; Syphilitic glossitis; Sideropenic dysphagia (Paterson-Kelly-Brown syndrome). Oral lichen planus; ...
Oral lichen planus. Research suggests that twice-daily application of aloe gel for eight weeks might help reduce symptoms of ...
"Lichen planus in children". Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology. 76 (4): 366-372. doi:10.4103/0378- ... Many lichens have been used medicinally across the world. A lichen's usefulness as a medicine is often related to the lichen ... Very few lichens are poisonous. Poisonous lichens include those high in vulpinic acid or usnic acid. Most (but not all) lichens ... the common orange lichen, Xanthoria parietina, and several species of leafy Parmelia lichens. Brown or yellow lichen dyes ( ...
Kanwar, Amrinder J.; De, Dipankar (2010). "Lichen planus in children". Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology ... powdered sunshine lichen, and the ground lichen), not all have a cultural history of usage as an edible lichen. Often lichens ... Edible lichens are lichens that have a cultural history of use as a food. Although almost all lichen are edible (with some ... Although there are many lichen species throughout the world, only a few species of lichen are known to be both edible and ...
Aly DG, Shahin RS (2010). "Oxidative stress in lichen planus". Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica, et Adriatica. 19 (1 ... lichen planus, vitiligo, autism, infection, chronic fatigue syndrome, and depression; however, reactive oxygen species can be ...
Shiohara T, Kano Y (2007). "Lichen planus and lichenoid dermatoses". In Bolognia JL (ed.). Dermatology. St. Louis: Mosby. p. ... Fever Muscle cramps Dry eyes Heart block Hyperkalemia Hepatotoxicity Drug eruption similar to lichen planus Hypersensitivity - ...
It can also cause lichen planus. Due to its side effects it was withdrawn from the UK and US in the 1980s. Spiers EM, Watson NT ...
DR10 serotype or cognate alleles are associated with: Lichen planus DRB1*1001 is associated with ovarian cancer and invasive ... derived from IMGT/HLA White A, Rostom A (1994). "HLA antigens in Arabs with lichen planus". Clinical and Experimental ...
Desquamative Gingivitis can be seen in patients with Lichen Planus. Biopsy is done for definitive diagnosis of Lichen Planus. ... The most classic appearance of Lichen Planus is the presence of white streaks in inner cheek, tongue, and gum. ... Lichenoid Reaction- Intra-oral lesion which shares the appearance of Lichen Planus but arises due to contact hypersensitivity ... "Oral lichen planus: Malignant potential and diagnosis". Oral Science International. 11 (1): 1-7. doi:10.1016/S1348-8643(13) ...
224 Lichen planus Skin lesion James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical ...
Examples include psoriasis, lichen planus, and pityriasis rosea. List of cutaneous conditions "Definition: papulosquamous from ...
The condition resembles oral lichen planus when biopsied. The diagnosis is made by microscopic examination of biopsy tissue: ...
"MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Lichen planus on the arm". synd/2520 at Who Named It? Steffen C, Dupree ML (2004). "Louis- ... Wickham striae are whitish lines visible in the papules of lichen planus and other dermatoses, typically in the oral mucosa. ... Frédéric Wickham and the Wickham's striae of lichen planus". Skinmed. 3 (5): 287-9. doi:10.1111/j.1540-9740.2004.02647.x. PMID ...
Examples include lichen planus, lichen sclerosus and lichen nitidus. It can also be associated with abrasion or drug use. It ... Lichen Planus and Lichenoid Disorders". Brauer, J; Votava, HJ; Meehan, S; Soter, NA (2009-08-15). "Lichenoid drug eruption". ... "Lupus erythematosus and lichen planus overlap syndrome: a case report with a rapid response to topical corticosteroid therapy ... The term "lichenoid" derives from a resemblance to a lichen. Lichenoid+eruptions at the U.S. National Library of Medicine ...
A less common cause of irritation is genital lichen planus, another inflammatory disorder. A severe variant of this is ... Schlosser, BJ (May-June 2010). "Lichen planus and lichenoid reactions of the oral mucosa". Dermatologic Therapy. 23 (3): 251-67 ... A number of skin disorders such as lichen sclerosus, and lichen simplex chronicus can affect the vulva. Crohn's disease of the ...
Lichen planus List of cutaneous conditions Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. (6th ed.). ... The band of lichen striatus varies from a few millimeters to 1-2cm wide and extends from a few centimeters to the complete ... Lichen striatus impacts the skin and nails. It is seen as an unbroken or disrupted, linear band consisting of small tan, pink ... "At a glance - Lichen striatus , GPonline". New England Journal of Medicine - Images of the Week v t e (Articles with short ...
"Verruciform xanthoma and concomitant lichen planus of the oral mucosa. A report of three cases." International Journal of Oral ... "A quantitative assessment of Langerhans cells in oral mucosal lichen planus and leukoplakia." British Journal of Dermatology ...
... or lichen planus pigmentosus. There is no cure for EDP. While multiple various topical and systemic therapies have been tried, ... 224 Lichen planus List of cutaneous conditions James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the ...
Steffen C, Dupree ML (2004). "Louis-Frédéric Wickham and the Wickham's striae of lichen planus". Skinmed. 3 (5): 287-9. doi: ...
Lichen planus List of cutaneous conditions synd/1213 at Who Named It? - entry on Kaposi's disease I F. Wise, C. R. Rein. Lichen ... It is thought to be a rare variety of lichen planus.[citation needed]It is also known as "Morbus moniliformis lichenoides". The ... Lichen ruber moniliformis is a rare skin disease named for Fred Wise and Charles R. Rein. It is one of several diseases also ... Lichen ruber moniliformis. Vierteljahrsschrift für Dermatologie und Syphilis, Wien, 1886, 13: 571-582. Mumford PB, Barber HW ( ...
Lichen planus List of cutaneous conditions Al-Mutairi N, Hassanein A, Nour-Eldin O, Arun J (2005). "Generalized lichen nitidus ... It is sometimes referred to by dermatologists as "mini lichen planus". Linear arrangements of these papules is common (referred ... Lichen nitidus is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause characterized by 1-2 mm, discrete and uniform, shiny, flat- ... The histology of lichen nitidus is significant for a "...localized granulomatous lymphohistiocytic infiltrate in an expanded ...
Atzmony, L; Reiter, O; Hodak, E; Gdalevich, M; Mimouni, D (2016). "Treatments for cutaneous lichen planus: A systematic review ... such as treatment of lichen planus by psoralen extract combined with sunlight exposure. "Cullen corylifolium (L.) Medik". ...
Also patients with Oral Lichen Planus who avoided SLS-containing toothpaste benefited. After using toothpaste, orange juice and ...
It has also been associated with lichen planus, syphilis, and rheumatic fever. The term is from the Greek: κοῖλος, koilos, " ...
Lichen planus - an autoimmune disease that produces similar skin blotching to ringworm. "Symptoms of Ringworm Infections". CDC ...
March 2016). "Preliminary analysis of salivary microbiome and their potential roles in oral lichen planus". Scientific Reports ...
"Preliminary analysis of salivary microbiome and their potential roles in oral lichen planus". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 22943 ...
Oral lichen planus (also termed oral mucosal lichen planus), is a form of mucosal lichen planus, where lichen planus involves ... "lichen planus actinicus", "Actinic lichen niditus", "Lichen planus atrophicus annularis", "Lichen planus subtropicus", "Lichen ... Lichen sclerosus overlap syndrome, sharing features of lichen planus and lichen sclerosus. Although lichen planus can present ... Oral lichen planus in children is rare. About 50% of females with oral lichen planus were reported to have undiagnosed vulvar ...
Lichen planus is a condition that forms a very itchy rash on the skin or in the mouth. ... Lichen planus is a condition that forms a very itchy rash on the skin or in the mouth. ... If lichen planus is caused by a medicine you are taking, the rash should go away once you stop the medicine. ... Lichen planus and related conditions. In: James WD, Elston DM, Treat JR, Rosenbach MA, Neuhaus IM, eds. Andrews Diseases of ...
... J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019 Jun;80(6):e179. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.01.023. Epub 2019 Jan 23. ...
Do any of you have alternatives that might work on oral lichen planus, a reader asked last time. Shes been advised to take ... Do any of you have alternatives that might work on oral lichen planus, a reader asked last time. Shes been advised to take ...
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes bilateral white striations, papules, or plaques on the ... Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a mucosal subtype of lichen planus. The lesions of cutaneous lichen planus typically resolve within ... Inform patients with oral lichen planus of the following:. * The chronicity of oral lichen planus and the expected periods of ... Information about oral lichen planus is currently available online. For instance, an oral lichen planus chat room is available ...
Learn about who gets lichen planus and what dermatologists understand about the causes. ... Who gets lichen planus?. Anyone can get lichen planus. It is most common in middle-aged adults. Women get lichen planus in ... What causes lichen planus?. What causes most cases of lichen planus remains unclear. One theory is that lichen planus is an ... A rare type of lichen planus, familial bullous lichen planus, runs in families. Other forms of lichen planus do not seem to run ...
Erosive lichen planus. Lichen planus of the skin. Lichen Planopilaris Oral Lichen Planus ... LICHEN PLANUS ACTINICUS. Also known as lichen planus tropicus, lichen planus subtropicus, lichenoid melanodermatitis, and ... HYPERTROPHIC LICHEN PLANUS Hypertrophic Lichen Planus-Like Reactions Combined With Infundibulocystic Hyperplasia Pathway to ... Lichen planus associated with hepatitis C virus: No viral transcripts are found in the lichen planus, and effective therapy for ...
Does lichen cause chemical weathering?. No, Lichen is caused by clean air meaning where ever there is Lichen in that area the ... Was oil of oregano ever been used on lichen planus of the gums?. Updated: 4/28/2022 ... Was oil of oregano ever been used on lichen planus of the gums?. Write your answer... ... Was oil of oregano ever been used on lichen planus of the gums? ...
Lichen Planus 2 -f.jpg. Jason Mayeaux 11/01/2012 Vulvar Red Plaques and Patches Lichen Planus ...
Taking a look at some important considerations when assisting patients with oral lichen conditions. ... www.aaom.com/oral-lichen-planus.. *. Oral lichen planus and autoimmune disorders. The Dental Elf. March 9, 2022. Accessed June ... Lichen planus is a chronic disease that can affect the skin (including scalp), nails and any lining mucosa and it could be oral ... Lichen planus only affects about 2% of the population and women over the age of 50 are most often affected.1 ...
The symptoms of lichen planus may begin abruptly or... ... Lichen planus is an uncommon, recurrent skin condition that ...
Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the skin and mucosal surfaces. It may cause a small number or ... View pictures of lichen planus in the gallery below. ... Annular lichen planus. A violaceous ring of lichen planus on ... Papular lichen planus with a linear Koebner lesion due to a scratch ... Flat topped, shiny, polygonal papules of lichen planus on the volar wrist (PLP-patient1) ...
Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that most often affects middle-aged adults. LP can involve the skin or ... R. Happle, "Linear Lichen Planus of the face and neck versus amalgam-induced "isotopic" cutaneous Lichen Planus," Journal of ... P. Belfiore, O. Di Fede, D. Cabibi et al., "Prevalence of vulval Lichen Planus in a cohort of women with oral Lichen Planus: an ... D. J. Gawkrodger, P. G. Stavropoulos, K. M. McLaren, and P. K. Buxton, "Bullous Lichen Planus and Lichen Planus pemphigoides- ...
Lichen planus Articles Case Reports Symptoms Treatment, Canada. ...
Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the frequency of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in oral lichen planus (OLP) ... the groups did not differ significantly in average age.Conclusion No HPV-positive samples were observed in oral lichen planus ... IntroductionOral lichen planus treatment offers favorable clinical results over time due to its widespread prevalence. However ... Oral lichen planus treatment offers favorable clinical results over time due to its widespread prevalence. However, to date, ...
Your feet are excellent barometers for your overall health. Healthy feet keep you moving and active. They are quite literally your foundation. In this section, learn more about APMA Seal-approved and accepted products, proper foot care, common foot and ankle conditions, and how your podiatrist can help keep you and your feet healthy.. ...
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes bilateral white striations, papules, or plaques on the ... Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a mucosal subtype of lichen planus. The lesions of cutaneous lichen planus typically resolve within ... Inform patients with oral lichen planus of the following:. * The chronicity of oral lichen planus and the expected periods of ... Information about oral lichen planus is currently available online. For instance, an oral lichen planus chat room is available ...
Evaluation of Efficacy of 1% Curcuminoids as Local Application in Management of Oral Lichen Planus. Publication Type : Journal ... HomePublicationsEvaluation of Efficacy of 1% Curcuminoids as Local Application in Management of Oral Lichen Planus ... Curcuminoids as Local Application in Management of Oral Lichen Planus", Interventional Study.JCDR , vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 89-93, ...
lichen planus pigmentosus, Pigment Incontinence, Sun protected areas Abstract. Lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP) is a chronic ... Lichen Planus Pigmentosus with Atypical Presentation- A Case Report Authors. * Akshay Patankar Department of Dermatology, MIMSR ... Clinically, it is different from classical lichen planus because LPP has a longer clinical course and it manifests with dark ... Patankar, A., Mane, A. A., & Morgaonkar, M. (2023). Lichen Planus Pigmentosus with Atypical Presentation- A Case Report. Nepal ...
Expression of COX-2 and bcl-2 in oral lichen planus lesions and lichenoid reactions Alven J Arreaza1, Helen Rivera2 and María ... 4. Bombeccari GP et al (2011) Oral lichen planus and malignant transformation: a longitudinal cohort study Oral Surg Oral Med ... 5. Rad M et al (2009) Correlation between clinical and histopathologic diagnoses of oral lichen planus based on modified WHO ... 3. Scully C and Carrozzo M (2008) Oral mucosal disease: lichen planus Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 46 15-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms. ...
... the first case of a TS patient who presented with a clinical picture compatible with oral and palmoplantar lichen planus-like ... Lichen planus-like drug reaction associated with recombinant human growth hormone therapy in a child patient with Turner ... the first case of a TS patient who presented with a clinical picture compatible with oral and palmoplantar lichen planus-like ...
Premalignant nature of oral lichen planus. A retrospective study of 550 oral lichen planus patients from south-eastern Spain. ... Patient Characteristics Associated with the Development of Oral Lichen Planus in Two Provinces in Canada. Share on ... Oral lichen planus. Clin Dermatol. 2016;34(4):495-504.. *Bermejo-Fenoll A, Sanchez-Siles M, López-Jornet P, Camacho-Alonso F, ... Triggers of oral lichen planus flares and the potential role of trigger avoidance in disease management. Oral Surg Oral Med ...
Co-localization of lichen planus and porokeratosis of Mibelli ... Co-localization of lichen planus and porokeratosis of Mibelli. ... Hongcharu W, Baldassano M, Gonzalez E. Generalized lichen amyloidosis associated with chronic lichen planus. J Am Acad Dermatol ... 6] An association of four distinct disorders, namely, lichen planus, vitiligo, lichen sclerosus and disseminated actinic ... lichen planus-like morphology particularly along borders that showed distinctive histologic features of both lichen planus and ...
Martin Hirsch answered: Low: The incidence of lichen planus turning into some type of oral skin cancer is very low according ... I have had lichen planus since late 90s. Is it normal to have it so long? Still get painful sores on tongue.Should i see ... The incidence of lichen planus turning into some type of oral skin cancer is very low according to my opinion. I have never ... I have lichen planus & was told by endodontist to get to my rheumatologist sooner. Have spondyloarthropathy. I was told theres ...
Lichen planus and hepatitis C virus: a multicenter study of patients with oral lesions and a systematic review. Br J Dermatol. ... Weston G, Payette M. Update on lichen planus and clinical variants. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2015;1(3):. 140-149. ... Lichen planus and diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Dis. 2019;25(5):. 1253-1264. ... Clinical variants of lichen planus. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2013;11(4):. 309-319. ...
... is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown origin, which most commonly affects individuals between 30-60 years ... Lichen planus can manifest with several subtypes, including: [8]. * Hypertrophic lichen planus (lichen planus verrucosus) * ... Mucosal lichen planus. * Oral lichen planus * Asymptomatic (lace-like Wickham striae are the only finding) ... Lichen Planus. . In: Post TW. , ed. UpToDate. Waltham, MA. : UpToDate. .. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/lichen-planus. Last ...
... 24610.pdf (1.076Mb). ... Background: Patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) have an increased risk of oral cancer. For this reason, OLP is classified as ... González-Moles MÁ... [et al.]. Dysplasia in oral lichen planus: relevance, controversies and challenges. A position paper. Med ...
Oral lichen planus and lichenoid mucositis.. Scott S De Rossi, Katharine Ciarrocca. Dental Clinics of North America 2014 April ... Oral lichen planus (OLP) is commonly found in middle-aged women. Although the cause is unknown, research points to several ...
Homeopathic Remedies for Lichen Planus Treatment. Lichen Planus is a chronic non-infectious inflammatory condition affecting ... 2. Merc Sol: One of the Best Remedies for Oral Lichen Planus. Merc Sol is one of the top natural remedies for Lichen Planus. ... Lichen Planus affecting the skin is termed Cutaneous Lichen Planus. It shows the presence of flat-topped, purple-coloured, ... 3. Borax: For Oral Lichen Planus with Ulcers Inside Cheeks and on Tongue. Among the bunch of natural remedies for Lichen Planus ...
  • Lichen planus may be categorized as affecting mucosal or cutaneous surfaces. (wikipedia.org)
  • Variants of cutaneous lichen planus are distinguished based upon the appearance of the lesions and/or their distribution. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lichenoid keratoses (also known as "benign lichenoid keratosis", and "Solitary lichen planus") is a cutaneous condition characterized by brown to red scaling maculopapules, found on sun-exposed skin of extremities. (wikipedia.org)
  • Atzmony L, Reiter O, Hodak E, Gdalevich M, Mimouni D. Treatments for Cutaneous Lichen Planus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (medscape.com)
  • Fazel N. Cutaneous lichen planus: A systematic review of treatments. (medscape.com)
  • Efficacy of oral metronidazole in treatment of cutaneous and mucosal lichen planus. (medscape.com)
  • Pavlotsky F, Nathansohn N, Kriger G, Shpiro D, Trau H. Ultraviolet-B treatment for cutaneous lichen planus: our experience with 50 patients. (medscape.com)
  • Oral lichen planus (LP) is a T-cell-mediated inflammatory mucosal disease that can be seen with cutaneous LP or in isolation. (logicalimages.com)
  • Recent data suggest that OLR present a greater percentage of malignant transformation than OLP and, although the association between cancer and OLP has been documented in scientific reports, there is no association between squamous cell carcinoma and cutaneous lichen planus [ 4 - 6 ]. (ecancer.org)
  • The top three inflammatory dermatoses reported were psoriasis (31 articles), cutaneous lupus (26 articles), and lichen planus (23 articles). (jcadonline.com)
  • Applying CK15, S100 labeling and TUNEL reaction to cutaneous lichen planus subtypes, we found CK15 expression in the outer and inner root sheath of hair follicles, the basal epidermal layer, and eccrine glands. (rsu.lv)
  • Should we routinely check for hepatitis B and C in patients with lichen planus or cutaneous vasculitis? (who.int)
  • Although lichen planus can present with a variety of lesions, the most common presentation is as a well defined area of purple-coloured, itchy, flat-topped papules with interspersed lacy white lines (Wickham's striae). (wikipedia.org)
  • Lichen planus is a condition that forms a very itchy rash on the skin or in the mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Lichen planus (LP) is a benign non-infectious skin condition which causes an itchy rash to appear on the skin or inside the mouth. (news-medical.net)
  • Constant itchy, painful bumps, scaly arms and legs, and damaged nails make lichen planus an inflammatory skin disease that's both frustrating and painful for patients trying to keep their quality of life. (news-medical.net)
  • Very thick scaly patches are particularly itchy and are most likely to arise around the ankles (hypertrophic lichen planu). (hpathy.com)
  • Lichen planus, a recurring itchy disease, starts as a rash of small, separate, red or purple bumps that then combine and become rough, scaly patches. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Lichen Planus is a skin condition that is characterized by small itchy pink or purple rashes. (epainassist.com)
  • On the skin, lichen planus looks like flat-topped swellings that are often itchy and pink or purple in color. (epainassist.com)
  • Lichen Planus causes itchy, red lesions that are distinctive in appearance. (ucfhealth.com)
  • In most individuals, lichen planus is itchy, - but the severity varies. (ucfhealth.com)
  • Lichen planus normally appears as purplish, frequently itchy, flat bumps that developed over several weeks. (farberdermatology.com)
  • Lichen planus is an itchy, non-contagious rash that can cause discomfort and distress for those affected. (natural-health-news.com)
  • Background: Hypertrophic lichen planus (HLP) classically involves shin and ankles and characterized by itchy, hyperkeratotic plaques and nodules. (longdom.org)
  • Lichen simplex chronicus (LSC) is an eczematous condition with thick itchy plaques on the lower legs. (longdom.org)
  • Lichen planus is a skin condition characterized by itchy, non-contagious rashes that can appear anywhere. (natural-health-news.com)
  • Linear lichen planus tends to be very itchy and typically occurs in adults between 30 and 60 years of age. (cmaj.ca)
  • The scalp is rarely affected by a condition known as lichen planopilaris, acuminatus, follicular lichen planus, and peripilaris, characterised by violaceous, adherent follicular scale with progressive scarring alopecia. (wikipedia.org)
  • While lichen planus and lichen planopilaris may occur together, aside from sharing the term 'lichen' and revealing inflammation on skin biopsy, there is neither established data on their co-occurrence nor data to suggest a common etiology. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lichen planopilaris is considered an orphan disease with no definitive prevalence data and no proven effective treatments. (wikipedia.org)
  • Clinical examination revealed that 18 (36 %) of patients have actinic LP, 15 (30 %) classic LP, 6 (12 %) hypertrophic LP, 3 (6 %) guttate LP, 2 (4 %) atrophic LP and 2 (4 %) follicular LP (lichen planopilaris). (cdlib.org)
  • In addition, peri-follicular scale was seen in lichen planopilaris. (jcadonline.com)
  • still immunoreactivity was more pronounced in the scalp region of lichen planopilaris. (rsu.lv)
  • Lichen planus can also affect the mouth and scalp. (barphani.in)
  • Lichen planus can affect any area of the body but is most commonly found on the arms, legs, back, and scalp. (barphani.in)
  • Lichen planus can cause patchy hair loss on the scalp, eyebrows or eyelashes. (barphani.in)
  • Lichen planus of the scalp must berated right away, or the hair of the affected area may never grow back. (positivehomeopathy.com)
  • When lichen planus appears on the scalp, it forms plaques that encircle hair follicles, often causing hair loss. (ucfhealth.com)
  • I'm Bridie Nelson, and I have erosive lichen planus of the vulva and the mouth. (vulvalpainsociety.org)
  • Living with a condition such as erosive lichen planus, it does get better, you manage to cope, you find your coping strategies. (vulvalpainsociety.org)
  • Effective treatment of oral erosive lichen planus with thalidomide. (qxmd.com)
  • This "erosive" lichen planus causes painful sores and ulcers in the mouth. (positivehomeopathy.com)
  • Painful ulcers can develop which is called erosive lichen planus. (drpaulose.com)
  • I took it for oral erosive lichen planus (autoimmune in origin). (drugs.com)
  • I took soriatane last Sept. The dermatologist had found some evidence that although the drug was developed to treat psoriasis, there had been significant results with oral erosive lichen planus. (drugs.com)
  • Oral lichen planus with ulceration must be followed meticulously to prevent the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • In these cases it is imperative that alcohol consumption and tobacco products be avoided because they have both been associated with the increased risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma in ulcerative lichen planus. (medscape.com)
  • Lichen planus increases the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma, a type of skin cancer. (barphani.in)
  • 10. A metabonomic approach to the diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma, oral lichen planus and oral leukoplakia. (nih.gov)
  • They may be close together or widespread, or grouped in lines (linear lichen planus) or rings (annular lichen planus). (hpathy.com)
  • Linear lichen planus can be the result of scratching or injuring the skin. (hpathy.com)
  • Presumptive clinical diagnosis was linear lichen planus and a punch-biopsy was done, describing: hyperkeratosis, necrotic keratinocytes in the epidermis, mild spongiosis with exocytosis of lymphocytes, and focal lymphocytic infiltrate at the dermal-epidermal junction. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • Brzezinski P, Chiriac A, Birsan C (2015) Lichen Striatus versus Linear Lichen Planus. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • The differential diagnosis of lichen striatus includes inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus, linear lichen planus, incontinentia pigmenti, blaschkitis, linear psoriasis and linear scleroderma. (cmaj.ca)
  • 2 , 3 If lichen striatus does not resolve spontaneously within 3-12 months, the clinician should re-evaluate the diagnosis, being careful to rule out linear lichen planus and scleroderma. (cmaj.ca)
  • The specific antigen that triggers lichen planus is unknown, although it may be a self-peptide (or altered self-peptide), in which case lichen planus would be a true autoimmune disease. (medscape.com)
  • The role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis is supported by many autoimmune features of oral lichen planus, including its chronicity, onset in adults, predilection for females, association with other autoimmune diseases, occasional tissue-type associations, depressed immune-suppressor activity in patients with oral lichen planus, and the presence of autocytotoxic T-cell clones in lichen planus lesions. (medscape.com)
  • Current data suggest that oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease in which autocytotoxic CD8 + T cells trigger the apoptosis of oral epithelial cells. (medscape.com)
  • Oral lichen planus and lichenoid reactions are autoimmune type inflammatory conditions of the oral mucosa with similar clinical and histological characteristics. (ecancer.org)
  • Specialists who have encountered patients with Lichen Planus believe it is an autoimmune diseases. (epainassist.com)
  • The cause of lichen planus is unknown, but it may be caused by an infection, autoimmune disorder, or reaction to a medicine. (barphani.in)
  • The cause of lichen planus is not known, but it is thought to be an autoimmune reaction. (barphani.in)
  • Lichen Planus (LP) is believed to be autoimmune condition with an unknown causative and triggering factor. (atomictherapy.org)
  • The exact cause of lichen planus is still unknown, but it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder. (natural-health-news.com)
  • Lichen planus is believed to be an autoimmune disorder, meaning that the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells in the skin or mucous membranes. (natural-health-news.com)
  • Some studies suggest that lichen planus may be linked to other autoimmune conditions. (natural-health-news.com)
  • The latest research shows that lichens may be an autoimmune disease. (naturepurelife.com)
  • Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common autoimmune inflammatory disorder that is difficult to cure, and its pathogenesis is still unknown. (ijmrhs.com)
  • Case of lichen planus with unusual features. (iasp-pain.org)
  • So, even after a case of lichen planus has resolved after a first attack, it might reappear in the future. (epainassist.com)
  • In the case of lichen planus, it is thought that the body's immune system attacks the skin and mucous membranes. (barphani.in)
  • Very useful remedy in case of Lichen planus. (atomictherapy.org)
  • Antimonium crudum is one of the indicated remedies in case of Lichen planus. (atomictherapy.org)
  • Indicated in case of lichen planus. (atomictherapy.org)
  • Silicea is one of the frequently indicated remedy in case of lichen planus, psoriasis etc. (atomictherapy.org)
  • A case of lichen plano-pilaris. (nih.gov)
  • A case of lichen planus bullosus. (nih.gov)
  • An unusual case of lichen planus in a negro. (nih.gov)
  • But even in atypical cases, enough of these characteristic symptoms are present to differentiate similar appearing cases of psoriasis, papular eczema or lichen ruber. (hpathy.com)
  • Lichen planus usually resolves without treatment, but symptoms may be treated with corticosteroids, exposure to ultraviolet light, or lidocaine -containing mouthwashes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Patients with hepatitis C are more prone to developing lichen planus as a form of one of the symptoms of hepatitis C. If that is the case, then hepatitis C can be treated early enough once lichen planus is present in the body. (epainassist.com)
  • Since there is no cure for, there are a few remedies that can help relieve lichen planus symptoms. (epainassist.com)
  • Symptoms of lichen planus include a purple or red rash on the arms, legs, trunk, and face. (barphani.in)
  • The symptoms of lichen planus can vary from person to person. (barphani.in)
  • Lichen planus can sometimes be difficult to diagnose because its symptoms can resemble other conditions, such as psoriasis or eczema. (barphani.in)
  • There is no cure for lichen planus, but there are treatments that can help to relieve the symptoms. (barphani.in)
  • Luckily, there are natural remedies for lichen planus that can help reduce symptoms and improve quality of life. (natural-health-news.com)
  • The symptoms of lichen planus may vary from person to person but commonly include small, flat-topped bumps, reddish-purple patches, and itchiness. (natural-health-news.com)
  • When treating lichen planus, conventional treatment options focus on managing the symptoms and reducing inflammation. (natural-health-news.com)
  • Using natural remedies like Lichreton, you can take control of your lichen planus symptoms and improve your quality of life. (natural-health-news.com)
  • Looking for effective Natural Remedies for Lichen Planus to help combat your lichen planus symptoms? (natural-health-news.com)
  • You're in luck if you're looking for Natural Remedies for Lichen Planus to relieve your lichen planus symptoms! (natural-health-news.com)
  • Lichen sclerosus overlap syndrome, sharing features of lichen planus and lichen sclerosus. (wikipedia.org)
  • I don't know whether any of you have got lichen planus or not, or lichen sclerosus, which is also pretty similar. (vulvalpainsociety.org)
  • Robles-Méndez JC, Rizo-Frías P, Herz-Ruelas ME, Pandya AG, Ocampo Candiani J. Lichen planus pigmentosus and its variants: review and update. (medscape.com)
  • Lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP) presents as asymptomatic slaty-grey pigmentation. (e-ijd.org)
  • Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory and immune-mediated disease that affects the skin, nails, hair, and mucous membranes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lichen planus affects the nails in up to 10% of cases. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Lichen planus can cause the nails to become thin, pitted or ridged. (barphani.in)
  • Lichen Planus is a skin disorder that causes inflammation of the skin, hair, nails and mucous membranes. (farberdermatology.com)
  • Lichen planus can affect nails in about 10 percent of the cases. (askdrshah.com)
  • Lichen planus on the nails causes the nails to become extremely brittle and more prone to cracks and splits. (askdrshah.com)
  • Homeopathy medicines are beneficial in the cases of Lichen Planus in the nails. (askdrshah.com)
  • In our experience the Lichen Planus of the skin improves first and the nails improve later. (askdrshah.com)
  • It must be noted that the Lichen planus of nails is more difficult to treat than one on the skin. (askdrshah.com)
  • Lichen planus is an inflammatory condition that can affect the skin, hair, nails, and mucous membranes (such as the mouth and genital region). (madskin.com)
  • 3 Occasionally, patients have hypopigmented macules and papules (classified lichen striatus albus) or involvement of the nails. (cmaj.ca)
  • There is no cure for lichen planus but treatment often relieves itching and improves the appearance. (medscape.com)
  • There is no approved cure for Lichen Planus, but it clears up on its own with time. (epainassist.com)
  • Other variants may include: Lichen planus pemphigoides characterized by the development of tense blisters atop lesions of lichen planus or the development vesicles de novo on uninvolved skin. (wikipedia.org)
  • The lesions of lichen planus can occur anywhere on the body but favor the flexor wrists, trunk, medial thighs, shins, dorsal hands, and lower back. (medscape.com)
  • Early treatment of lichen planus can help to prevent serious complications from developing. (barphani.in)
  • Potential pathogenic mechanisms involved in the association between lichen planus and hepatitis C virus infection. (medscape.com)
  • An association between lichen planus (LP) and liver diseases has been reported. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Bigby M. The relationship between lichen planus and hepatitis C clarified. (medscape.com)
  • There has also been a said relationship between lichen planus and hypothyroidism . (epainassist.com)
  • Classical lichen planus is characterized by shiny, flat-topped, firm papules (bumps) varying from pin point size ('guttate') to larger than a centimetre. (hpathy.com)
  • At first, lichen planus presents itself as tiny, flat-topped, reddish bumps with irregular shapes. (ucfhealth.com)
  • Reassure patients that lichen planus is not contagious and treatment is often effective in relieving itching and improving the appearance of the rash until it goes away. (medscape.com)
  • If lichen planus is caused by a medicine you are taking, the rash should go away once you stop the medicine. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The rash of lichen planus almost always itches, sometimes severely. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Treatment for lichen planus includes creams and ointments to treat the rash, and medications to decrease inflammation. (barphani.in)
  • There is no known cure for skin lichen planus, but treatment is often effective in relieving itching and improving the appearance of the rash until it goes away. (positivehomeopathy.com)
  • Lichens is a nasty rash with nasty looking bumps, and usually itches. (naturepurelife.com)
  • We do not know how or why it works, we just know that we have used it on some people with lichens, who have showed us and told us that it is the only thing they have ever used that did anything to make the rash go away. (naturepurelife.com)
  • The most commonly studied inflammatory conditions were psoriasis, lupus, and lichen planus. (jcadonline.com)
  • Psoriasis, lupus, and lichen planus were found to be the most commonly reported inflammatory skin conditions with respect to dermoscopy. (jcadonline.com)
  • Sensitivity and specificity data were reported for psoriasis, but not for lichen planus or lupus. (jcadonline.com)
  • Thuja is very beneficial for inverterate skin troubles and chronic or stubborn skin conditions like lichen planus, psoriasis eczema, warts. (atomictherapy.org)
  • Lichen planus usually leaves hypertrophic scars and dark brown postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. (medscape.com)
  • Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that results in the formation of small, raised bumps on the skin. (barphani.in)
  • Lichen planus may cause a small number of skin lesions or less often affect a wide area of the skin and mucous membranes. (hpathy.com)
  • Background: Lichen planus (LP) is a papulosquamous disease that affects skin and mucous membranes. (cdlib.org)
  • Lichen planus (LP) is a papulosquamous disease of the skin and mucous membranes. (cdlib.org)
  • In the genital areas, mouth and on mucous membranes, lichen planus appears as white patches or streaks with painful sores at times. (epainassist.com)
  • The aim of homeopathy is not only to treat Lichen planus but to address its underlying cause and individual susceptibility. (hpathy.com)
  • As far as therapeutic medication is concerned, several remedies are available to treat Lichen planus that can be selected on the basis of cause, sensations and modalities of the complaints. (hpathy.com)
  • The best homeopathic doctor in Hyderabad has the required expertise to treat Lichen Planus. (drankireddy.com)
  • Pai VV, Kikkeri NN, Sori T, Dinesh U. Graham-little piccardi lassueur syndrome: an unusual variant of follicular lichen planus. (medscape.com)
  • A rare type of lichen planus, familial bullous lichen planus, could be gene-related. (medscape.com)
  • Investigating mechanisms of oral manifestations of chronic inflammation such as oral lichen planus, inflammatory bullous pemphigus. (nih.gov)
  • The term lichenoid reaction (lichenoid eruption or lichenoid lesion) refers to a lesion of similar or identical histopathologic and clinical appearance to lichen planus (i.e., an area which resembles lichen planus, both to the naked eye and under a microscope). (wikipedia.org)
  • Omidian M, Ayoobi A, Mapar M, Feily A, Cheraghian B. Efficacy of sulfasalazine in the treatment of generalized lichen planus: randomized double-blinded clinical trial on 52 patients. (medscape.com)
  • Unexpectedly high frequency of genital involvement in women with clinical and histological features of oral lichen planus. (medscape.com)
  • Lichen planus (LP) has several types based on various clinical manifestations. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucocutaneous disorder that presents in a wide range of clinical forms, such as unilateral or bilateral white striations, papules, or plaques on the buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, tongue, and gingiva. (medscape.com)
  • The pathologist's opinion was against lichen planus with concordance of clinical second opinion of lichen striatus. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • Although lichen striatus is a clinical diagnosis, in doubtful situations, skin biopsy, thoroughly examination, medical history and long follow-up are needed o rule out other lichenoid dermatoses (especially lichen planus) [5]. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • There are certain conditions where the skin lesions shows similarity with Lichen Planus lesions , in both clinical appearance to naked eye as well as histopathology under microscope but unlike Lichen Planus there are known underlying causative factors such conditions are termed lichenfied reactions. (atomictherapy.org)
  • A case of miliary lichen planus with unusual clinical and pathologic findings. (nih.gov)
  • A clinical study of lichen planus. (nih.gov)
  • An unusual clinical variety of lichen planus (lichen planus hypertrophicus retiformis). (nih.gov)
  • Lichen planus lesions can occur in many different forms: Occasionally, lichen planus is known to occur with other conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Obtain a complete medication history because lichen planus-like eruptions may occur as an allergic reaction to medication for high blood pressure, heart disease, and arthritis. (medscape.com)
  • As a T-cell mediated immune response to an unknown cause, there is a high likelihood that Lichen Planus will occur alongside other diseases. (epainassist.com)
  • Sometimes lichen planus may occur as a reaction to some medicines, such as beta-blockers, anti-inflammatory medications, phenothiazines (a group of tranquilizing drugs with antipsychotic actions) etc. (drpaulose.com)
  • Most typically, lichen planus affects the skin inside the mouth but can also occur anywhere on the epidermis. (ucfhealth.com)
  • As lichen planus covers the labia majora, minora, or other parts of the vagina, scar tissue, fusion, and erosion can occur, instigating the need for surgery. (ucfhealth.com)
  • Rarely nail lichen planus may occur in the absence of skin, oral or genital lesions. (askdrshah.com)
  • Lichen planus (LP) is a pruritic eruption commonly associated with hepatitis C. Lesions are characteristically papular, purple (violaceous color), polygonal, and peripherally located (eg. (medscape.com)
  • Lichen Planus is not contagious nor is it a form of cancer, yet the exact causes of this inflammatory disease has yet to be identified. (ucfhealth.com)
  • Lichen planus mostly affects middle-aged adults. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In women, lichen planus often affects the vulva and vagina. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In men, lichen planus commonly affects the genitals, especially the head of the penis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Though women and men of all races are susceptible, oral lichen planus affects twice as many females as it does males. (ucfhealth.com)
  • No which part of the body that lichen planus affects, patients experiencing this inflammatory condition may have severe psychological complications. (ucfhealth.com)
  • Lichen planus that affects the vagina can cause sexual dysfunction and scar over a prolonged period of time. (farberdermatology.com)
  • Lichen striatus typically occurs on only 1 side of the body and affects the limbs. (cmaj.ca)
  • Linear scleroderma, like lichen striatus, affects the limbs. (cmaj.ca)
  • Of possible significance, elevated concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and neopterin in saliva and serum of patients with the erosive-atrophic form of oral lichen planus suggest they may be involved in the etiology of this disease variation. (medscape.com)
  • The Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease that clinically presents itself in many ways as reticular, atrophic or erythematous and erosive. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our patient's medical history and the results of a physical examination supported the diagnosis of lichen striatus. (cmaj.ca)
  • If you or someone you may know is possibly experiencing lichen planus, call Center for Dermatology, Laser and Cosmetic Surgery to schedule an appointment with Dr. Farber. (farberdermatology.com)
  • A sand-papered appearance is present in around 10% of individuals with nail lichen planus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Experts know what lichen planus is not, but are still struggling to nail down what prompts this unhealthy immune system response. (ucfhealth.com)
  • Oral lichen planus: controversies surrounding malignant transformation. (medscape.com)
  • Recent data suggest that oral lichenoid reactions (OLR) present a greater percentage of malignant transformation than oral lichen planus (OLP). (ecancer.org)
  • Common dermoscopic findings of lichen planus were polymorphic pearly white structures (rounded, arboriform, reticular, annular), radial capillaries, and blue-gray granules (Figure 3). (jcadonline.com)
  • Focal pattern of lymphocytic infiltrate is a pathological hint supporting lichen striatus [4]. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • Additionally, lichen planus has recently been associated with hepatitis C and all patients presented with lichen planus should be given a hepatitis screen. (medscape.com)
  • Two-thirds of patients with skin lesions will have lichen planus for 1 to 2 years with spontaneous clearing in the second year. (medscape.com)
  • Chuang TY, Stitle L, Brashear R, Lewis C. Hepatitis C virus and lichen planus: A case-control study of 340 patients. (medscape.com)
  • Cardiovascular risk factors in patients with lichen planus. (medscape.com)
  • Korkij W, Chuang TY, Soltani K. Liver abnormalities in patients with lichen planus. (medscape.com)
  • Manolache L, Seceleanu-Petrescu D, Benea V. Lichen planus patients and stressful events. (medscape.com)
  • Ingafou M, Leao JC, Porter SR, Scully C. Oral lichen planus: a retrospective study of 690 British patients. (medscape.com)
  • [ 9 ] Serum and salivary TNF levels are elevated in oral lichen planus patients. (medscape.com)
  • [ 20 ] Additionally, microRNA 4484 (miR-4484) has been found to be significantly up-regulated in the salivary exosomes of patients with oral lichen planus. (medscape.com)
  • It recurs often, in about 20% of patients, and it may linger for years, particularly oral lichen planus. (medscape.com)
  • Patients and their parents should be reassured that lichen striatus is benign and does not cause damage to the underlying muscles and tissues. (cmaj.ca)
  • Isolated cases of lichen striatus have been reported in which lesions in adult patients improved after regular treatment with tacrolimus ointment. (cmaj.ca)
  • Objective: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the mucosa mediated by a complex signalling network between the keratinocytes and the sub-epithelial lymphocytes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Homeopathy for Lichen Planus. (hpathy.com)
  • Homeopathy offers much better treatments for Linchen Planus in the form of Antim crud. (positivehomeopathy.com)
  • Homeopathy in Hyderabad is beneficial for Lichen Planus. (drankireddy.com)
  • Best homeopathy doctors can do wonders in treating for Lichen Amyloidosis and it is worth looking into homeopathy treatment in Hyderabad. (drankireddy.com)
  • Is cure of Lichen Planus possible with Homeopathy? (drankireddy.com)
  • Therefore, early in the formation of oral lichen planus lesions, CD8 + T cells may recognize an antigen associated with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I on keratinocytes. (medscape.com)
  • The diagnosis is lichen striatus, a relatively rare, benign and self-limiting dermatosis of childhood. (cmaj.ca)
  • Sir, We present a case of adult lichen striatus in an atopic patient first diagnosed as lichen planus. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • Lichen striatus is a rarely reported dermatosis with a peculiar linear distribution that establishes the diagnosis. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • multiple studies report an increased incidence of lichen striatus in those with atopic family histories (asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis [2]. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • The appearance of lichen striatus that follows the lines of Blaschko suggests a postzygotic somatic mutation. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • Some physicians have attempted to treat lichen striatus using topical corticosteroids. (cmaj.ca)
  • Lichen planus also will tend to form on areas of skin injury/trauma. (medscape.com)
  • Skin sores are another symptom of lichen planus. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Lichen planus is an uncommon skin complaint. (hpathy.com)
  • The persistence of lichen planus can lead to a series of complications, such as permanent darkening of the skin. (epainassist.com)
  • in a doubtful situation skin biopsy is needed o rule out other lichenoid dermatoses (especially lichen planus). (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • An associated history of lichen planus on the skin may help to make the diagnosis. (askdrshah.com)
  • [ 19 ] Research published in 2015 also suggests that osteopontin, CD44, and survivin may be involved in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. (medscape.com)
  • Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a relatively common mucocutaneous disorder, and its causative factors and pathogenesis are not fully understood. (medscape.com)
  • Apart from immunocyte-mediated keratinocyte death, cytoskeleton-based injury and loss of cell-to-cell and matrix contacts may be of great importance, leading to eradication of degrading cells and thus contributing to the pathogenesis of lichen planus. (rsu.lv)
  • Lichen Planus is also linked with Hepatitis C virus infection, which has been found to be a major cause of liver diseases. (epainassist.com)
  • Lichen planus (see the image below) has been found to be associated with hepatitis C virus infection. (medscape.com)
  • One common Herbal Treatment for Lichen Planus is the use of corticosteroids, either in the form of creams, ointments, or oral medications. (natural-health-news.com)
  • The cause of Lichen planus happens when the body's immune system starts to attack its own cells resulting in the inflammation. (farberdermatology.com)
  • Lichen planus is thought to be due to an abnormal immune reaction provoked by a viral infection or a drug. (hpathy.com)
  • The expression or unmasking of the lichen planus antigen may be induced by drugs (lichenoid drug reaction), contact allergens in dental restorative materials or toothpastes (contact hypersensitivity reaction), mechanical trauma (Koebner phenomenon), viral infection, or other unidentified agents. (medscape.com)
  • The cause of lichen planus is not known, but it may be a reaction by the immune system to a variety of medications (especially beta-blockers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs], angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors, sulfonylureas, antimalarials, penicillamine , and thiazides). (msdmanuals.com)
  • As the lichen planus papules clear they are often replaced by areas of greyish-brown discolouration, especially in darker skinned people. (hpathy.com)
  • An eruption of acuminate papules in acute lichen planus. (nih.gov)
  • Diagnoses oral lichen planus by taking a punch biopsy. (drpaulose.com)
  • Lesions of this syndrome share features of both lupus erythematosus and lichen planus. (wikipedia.org)