Domesticated farm animals raised for home use or profit but excluding POULTRY. Typically livestock includes CATTLE; SHEEP; HORSES; SWINE; GOATS; and others.
Animals which have become adapted through breeding in captivity to a life intimately associated with humans. They include animals domesticated by humans to live and breed in a tame condition on farms or ranches for economic reasons, including LIVESTOCK (specifically CATTLE; SHEEP; HORSES; etc.), POULTRY; and those raised or kept for pleasure and companionship, e.g., PETS; or specifically DOGS; CATS; etc.
The science of breeding, feeding and care of domestic animals; includes housing and nutrition.
'Animal diseases' is a term that refers to any illness or infection that affects the health and well-being of non-human animals, caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or toxic substances, which can impact individual animals, herds, or entire species, and may have implications for human health through zoonotic transmission.
Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage.
Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.
Accumulations of solid or liquid animal excreta usually from stables and barnyards with or without litter material. Its chief application is as a fertilizer. (From Webster's 3d ed)
The science, art or practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock.
Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.
Diseases of domestic cattle of the genus Bos. It includes diseases of cows, yaks, and zebus.
Diseases of domestic and mountain sheep of the genus Ovis.
Any of numerous agile, hollow-horned RUMINANTS of the genus Capra, in the family Bovidae, closely related to the SHEEP.
An acute infection caused by the RIFT VALLEY FEVER VIRUS, an RNA arthropod-borne virus, affecting domestic animals and humans. In animals, symptoms include HEPATITIS; abortion (ABORTION, VETERINARY); and DEATH. In humans, symptoms range from those of a flu-like disease to hemorrhagic fever, ENCEPHALITIS, or BLINDNESS.
Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.
Animals considered to be wild or feral or not adapted for domestic use. It does not include wild animals in zoos for which ANIMALS, ZOO is available.
A mosquito-borne species of the PHLEBOVIRUS genus found in eastern, central, and southern Africa, producing massive hepatitis, abortion, and death in sheep, goats, cattle, and other animals. It also has caused disease in humans.
Diseases of the domestic or wild goat of the genus Capra.
The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals.
Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious and severe viral disease in cloven-hoofed animals, characterized by fever, formation of vesicles and erosions in the mouth, on the tongue, lips, teats, and feet, causing significant economic losses in agriculture and livestock farming.
Hoofed mammals with four legs, a big-lipped snout, and a humped back belonging to the family Camelidae.
A suborder of the order ARTIODACTYLA whose members have the distinguishing feature of a four-chambered stomach, including the capacious RUMEN. Horns or antlers are usually present, at least in males.
The protection, preservation, restoration, and rational use of all resources in the total environment.
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Ruminants of the family Bovidae consisting of Bubalus arnee and Syncerus caffer. This concept is differentiated from BISON, which refers to Bison bison and Bison bonasus.
Poisoning caused by ingesting ergotized grain or by the misdirected or excessive use of ergot as a medicine.
Individuals with a degree in veterinary medicine that provides them with training and qualifications to treat diseases and injuries of animals.
A family of biting midges, in the order DIPTERA. It includes the genus Culicoides which transmits filarial parasites pathogenic to man and other primates.
Drugs and their metabolites which are found in the edible tissues and milk of animals after their medication with specific drugs. This term can also apply to drugs found in adipose tissue of humans after drug treatment.
A species of sheep, Ovis aries, descended from Near Eastern wild forms, especially mouflon.
The study of plant lore and agricultural customs of a people. In the fields of ETHNOMEDICINE and ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY, the emphasis is on traditional medicine and the existence and medicinal uses of PLANTS and PLANT EXTRACTS and their constituents, both historically and in modern times.
An infection of cattle caused by MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. It is transmissible to man and other animals.
Bloodsucking flies of the genus Glossina, found primarily in equatorial Africa. Several species are intermediate hosts of trypanosomes.
Drugs used by veterinarians in the treatment of animal diseases. The veterinarian's pharmacological armamentarium is the counterpart of drugs treating human diseases, with dosage and administration adjusted to the size, weight, disease, and idiosyncrasies of the species. In the United States most drugs are subject to federal regulations with special reference to the safety of drugs and residues in edible animal products.
The production of offspring by selective mating or HYBRIDIZATION, GENETIC in animals or plants.
Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA.
A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces "African sleeping sickness." Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.
Infestation of animals with parasitic worms of the helminth class. The infestation may be experimental or veterinary.
Infections or infestations with parasitic organisms. The infestation may be experimental or veterinary.
Domesticated birds raised for food. It typically includes CHICKENS; TURKEYS, DUCKS; GEESE; and others.
The protection of animals in laboratories or other specific environments by promoting their health through better nutrition, housing, and care.
Foodstuff used especially for domestic and laboratory animals, or livestock.
A species of Trypanosome hemoflagellates that is carried by tsetse flies and causes severe anemia in cattle. These parasites are also found in horses, sheep, goats, and camels.
The family Cervidae of 17 genera and 45 species occurring nearly throughout North America, South America, and Eurasia, on most associated continental islands, and in northern Africa. Wild populations of deer have been established through introduction by people in Cuba, New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, and other places where the family does not naturally occur. They are slim, long-legged and best characterized by the presence of antlers. Their habitat is forests, swamps, brush country, deserts, and arctic tundra. They are usually good swimmers; some migrate seasonally. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1362)
The type species of APHTHOVIRUS, causing FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE in cloven-hoofed animals. Several different serotypes exist.
'Housing, Animal' refers to the physical structure or environment designed and constructed to provide shelter, protection, and specific living conditions for various domestic or captive animals, meeting their biological and behavioral needs while ensuring their welfare and well-being.
Infection in cattle caused by various species of trypanosomes.
A genus of flagellate protozoans found in the blood and lymph of vertebrates and invertebrates, both hosts being required to complete the life cycle.
A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Members contain SWAINSONINE.
Animate or inanimate sources which normally harbor disease-causing organisms and thus serve as potential sources of disease outbreaks. Reservoirs are distinguished from vectors (DISEASE VECTORS) and carriers, which are agents of disease transmission rather than continuing sources of potential disease outbreaks.
A reovirus infection, chiefly of sheep, characterized by a swollen blue tongue, catarrhal inflammation of upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, and often by inflammation of sensitive laminae of the feet and coronet.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Nebraska" is a state located in the central United States and does not have a medical definition. If you have any medical terms or concepts you would like defined, I would be happy to help!
Alkaloids originally isolated from the ergot fungus Claviceps purpurea (Hypocreaceae). They include compounds that are structurally related to ergoline (ERGOLINES) and ergotamine (ERGOTAMINES). Many of the ergot alkaloids act as alpha-adrenergic antagonists.
A genus in the family FELIDAE comprising one species, Puma concolor. It is a large, long-tailed, feline of uniform color. The names puma, cougar, and mountain lion are used interchangeably for this species. There are more than 20 subspecies.
Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.
Infection caused by bacteria of the genus BRUCELLA mainly involving the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. This condition is characterized by fever, weakness, malaise, and weight loss.
A large family of narrow-leaved herbaceous grasses of the order Cyperales, subclass Commelinidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Food grains (EDIBLE GRAIN) come from members of this family. RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, SEASONAL can be induced by POLLEN of many of the grasses.
An order of diurnal BIRDS of prey, including EAGLES; HAWKS; buzzards; vultures; and falcons.
BIRDS that hunt and kill other animals, especially higher vertebrates, for food. They include the FALCONIFORMES order, or diurnal birds of prey, comprised of EAGLES, falcons, HAWKS, and others, as well as the STRIGIFORMES order, or nocturnal birds of prey, which includes OWLS.
A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
A severe, often fatal disease in humans caused by the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (HEMORRHAGIC FEVER VIRUS, CRIMEAN-CONGO).
Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.
The edible portions of any animal used for food including domestic mammals (the major ones being cattle, swine, and sheep) along with poultry, fish, shellfish, and game.
Procedures for recognizing individual animals and certain identifiable characteristics pertaining to them; includes computerized methods, ear tags, etc.
The country is bordered by RUSSIA on the north and CHINA on the west, south, and east. The capita is Ulaanbaatar.
A species of SWINE, in the family Suidae, comprising a number of subspecies including the domestic pig Sus scrofa domestica.
A genus of ascomycetous fungi, family Clavicipitaceae, order Hypocreales, parasitic on various grasses (POACEAE). The sclerotia contain several toxic alkaloids. Claviceps purpurea on rye causes ergotism.
The type species of ORBIVIRUS causing a serious disease in sheep, especially lambs. It may also infect wild ruminants and other domestic animals.
Animal reproductive bodies, or the contents thereof, used as food. The concept is differentiated from OVUM, the anatomic or physiologic entity.
The means of moving persons, animals, goods, or materials from one place to another.
Debris resulting from a process that is of no further use to the system producing it. The concept includes materials discharged from or stored in a system in inert form as a by-product of vital activities. (From Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, 1981)
Substances or mixtures that are added to the soil to supply nutrients or to make available nutrients already present in the soil, in order to increase plant growth and productivity.
Contamination of the air, bodies of water, or land with substances that are harmful to human health and the environment.
Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Artiodactyla is an order of mammals characterized by an even number of digits (two or four) on each foot, hooves as terminal appendages, and a specialized stomach for fermentative digestion, which includes taxonomic families such as Suidae, Cervidae, Bovidae, and Camelidae among others.
The white liquid secreted by the mammary glands. It contains proteins, sugar, lipids, vitamins, and minerals.
The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)
A series of structurally-related alkaloids containing the ergotaman backbone structure.
An independent state in eastern Africa. Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered on the north and northeast by Eritrea, on the east by Djibouti and Somalia, on the south by Kenya, and on the west and southwest by Sudan. Its capital is Addis Ababa.
Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
'Dairying' is not a term used in medical definitions; it refers to the practice of keeping dairy animals for milk production and its related processes, which is an agricultural or farming concept.
Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA.
A mitosporic fungal genus with many reported ascomycetous teleomorphs. Cephalosporin antibiotics are derived from this genus.
Inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen as an integral part of the molecule.
Infectious diseases that are novel in their outbreak ranges (geographic and host) or transmission mode.
Disposal, processing, controlling, recycling, and reusing the solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes of plants, animals, humans, and other organisms. It includes control within a closed ecological system to maintain a habitable environment.
EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.
Plants whose roots, leaves, seeds, bark, or other constituent parts possess therapeutic, tonic, purgative, curative or other pharmacologic attributes, when administered to man or animals.
Nutritional physiology of animals.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Kazakhstan" is not a medical term and does not have a medical definition; it is the name of a country located in Central Asia, known officially as the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Alkalibaculum bacchi gen. nov., sp. nov., a CO-oxidizing, ethanol-producing acetogen isolated from livestock-impacted soil. (1/252)

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Knowledge and perception of pulmonary tuberculosis in pastoral communities in the middle and Lower Awash Valley of Afar region, Ethiopia. (2/252)

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Bovine tuberculosis: the genetic basis of host susceptibility. (3/252)

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Current levels of heavy metal pollution in Africa. (4/252)

Studies of environmental pollution in Africa indicate that toxic metal pollution has reached unprecedented levels over the past decade. Human exposure to toxic metals has become a major health risk on the continent and is the subject of increasing attention from national and international environmentalists. This paper reviews data from the past decade on environmental pollution in Africa and highlights countries where most heavy metal pollutions have been reported. Characteristics of heavy metal pollution in North, West, East and Southern regions of Africa have been described, as have major sources of pollution in the different regions. This review summarizes the sites where most of the heavy metal pollution has been reported in Africa and, where applicable, presents reported levels of pollution in different environmental compartments in the context of internationally acceptable limits. Contaminations in fish and food animals as well as impacts of heavy metal pollution on humans are also described.  (+info)

Factors associated with spatial clustering of foot-and-mouth disease in Nepal. (5/252)

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BOARD-INVITED REVIEW: fate and transport of bioaerosols associated with livestock operations and manures. (6/252)

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Characterization of antibiotic resistance and the emergence of AmpC-producing Salmonella Infantis from pigs. (7/252)

During the period of 2007-2008, a total of 270 pig fecal samples were collected from a meat processing plant located in southern Japan and examined for Salmonella species. A total of 44 Salmonella isolates were recovered, and antimicrobial resistance was detected in serotypes Typhimurium (n=9), Infantis and Choleraesuis (n=2), and Derby, Miyazaki and Schwarzengrund (n=1). Multidrug resistance was seen in serotypes Typhimurium (n=8) and Infantis (n=2). The most commonly observed resistance phenotypes were against streptomycin, oxytetracycline and sulfamethoxazole (100%), ampicillin (90%), chloramphenicol (50%), cephalothin (30%) and cefoxitin, ceftazidime and kanamycin (each 20%). Extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella Infantis isolates producing plasmid-mediated, bla(CMY-2) gene were detected. These AmpC-producing isolates showed resistance to ampicillin and cephems (cephalothin, cefoxitin and ceftazidime). Resistance transfer experiments showed that transconjugants and transformants coexpressed resistance phenotypes similar to the donor isolates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report worldwide describing serovar Infantis from pigs capable of producing AmpC beta-lactamase. Then, we detected the pentadrug-resistance phenotype in Salmonella Typhimurium isolates, which yielded class 1 integron amplicons of 1.0 and 1.2 kb. Genetic fingerprinting analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and an assay by polymerase chain reaction confirmed the isolates to be Salmonella Typhimurium DT104. In conclusion, the findings of this survey call for the systematic and comprehensive domestic and international surveillance programs to determine the true rates of occurrence of AmpC-producing Salmonella both in the livestock and public health sectors.  (+info)

Escherichia coli and enterococci are sensitive and reliable indicators for human, livestock and wildlife faecal pollution in alpine mountainous water resources. (8/252)

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I apologize for any confusion, but "livestock" is not a term that has a medical definition. It is an agricultural term that refers to animals that are kept or raised on a farm or ranch for commercial purposes, such as the production of food, fiber, or labor. Examples of livestock include cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, poultry, and horses. I hope this clarifies any confusion. If you have any questions related to medical terminology, I would be happy to help.

Domestic animals, also known as domestic animals or pets, are species that have been tamed and kept by humans for various purposes. These purposes can include companionship, work, protection, or food production. Some common examples of domestic animals include dogs, cats, cows, sheep, goats, pigs, horses, and chickens.

Domestic animals are distinguished from wild animals in that they are dependent on humans for their survival and are able to live in close proximity to people. They have often been selectively bred over generations to possess certain traits or characteristics that make them more suitable for their intended uses. For example, dogs may be bred for their size, strength, agility, or temperament, while cats may be bred for their coat patterns or behaviors.

It is important to note that the term "domestic animal" does not necessarily mean that an animal is tame or safe to handle. Some domestic animals, such as certain breeds of dogs, can be aggressive or dangerous if not properly trained and managed. It is always important to approach and handle any animal, domestic or wild, with caution and respect.

Animal husbandry is the practice of breeding and raising animals for agricultural purposes, such as for the production of meat, milk, eggs, or fiber. It involves providing proper care for the animals, including feeding, housing, health care, and breeding management. The goal of animal husbandry is to maintain healthy and productive animals while also being mindful of environmental sustainability and animal welfare.

Animal diseases are health conditions that primarily affect animals, including but not limited to, livestock, poultry, wildlife, and pets. These diseases can be caused by various factors such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, genetic disorders, and environmental conditions. Some animal diseases can also pose a risk to human health, either directly or indirectly, through the consumption of contaminated food or water, contact with infected animals, or the spread of vectors like ticks and mosquitoes. Examples of animal diseases include rabies, avian influenza, foot-and-mouth disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and heartworm disease. It is important to monitor, control, and prevent the spread of animal diseases to protect animal health, food security, and public health.

Plant poisoning is a form of poisoning that occurs when someone ingests, inhales, or comes into contact with any part of a plant that contains toxic substances. These toxins can cause a range of symptoms, depending on the type and amount of plant consumed or exposed to, as well as the individual's age, health status, and sensitivity to the toxin.

Symptoms of plant poisoning may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, difficulty breathing, skin rashes, seizures, or in severe cases, even death. Some common plants that can cause poisoning include poison ivy, poison oak, foxglove, oleander, and hemlock, among many others.

If you suspect plant poisoning, it is important to seek medical attention immediately and bring a sample of the plant or information about its identity if possible. This will help healthcare providers diagnose and treat the poisoning more effectively.

"Cattle" is a term used in the agricultural and veterinary fields to refer to domesticated animals of the genus *Bos*, primarily *Bos taurus* (European cattle) and *Bos indicus* (Zebu). These animals are often raised for meat, milk, leather, and labor. They are also known as bovines or cows (for females), bulls (intact males), and steers/bullocks (castrated males). However, in a strict medical definition, "cattle" does not apply to humans or other animals.

"Manure" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. However, it is commonly referred to in agriculture and horticulture. Manure is defined as organic matter, such as animal feces and urine, that is used as a fertilizer to enrich and amend the soil. It is often rich in nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are essential for plant growth. While manure can be beneficial for agriculture and gardening, it can also pose risks to human health if not handled properly due to the potential presence of pathogens and other harmful substances.

I apologize for any confusion, but "agriculture" is not a term that has a medical definition. Agriculture refers to the cultivation and breeding of animals, plants, and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants, and other products used to sustain and enhance human life. It is an important industry and practice that has been developed over thousands of years and continues to play a critical role in global food production and security.

Zoonoses are infectious diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans. They are caused by pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, or fungi that naturally infect non-human animals and can sometimes infect and cause disease in humans through various transmission routes like direct contact with infected animals, consumption of contaminated food or water, or vectors like insects. Some well-known zoonotic diseases include rabies, Lyme disease, salmonellosis, and COVID-19 (which is believed to have originated from bats). Public health officials work to prevent and control zoonoses through various measures such as surveillance, education, vaccination, and management of animal populations.

Cattle diseases are a range of health conditions that affect cattle, which include but are not limited to:

1. Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD): Also known as "shipping fever," BRD is a common respiratory illness in feedlot cattle that can be caused by several viruses and bacteria.
2. Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD): A viral disease that can cause a variety of symptoms, including diarrhea, fever, and reproductive issues.
3. Johne's Disease: A chronic wasting disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. It primarily affects the intestines and can cause severe diarrhea and weight loss.
4. Digital Dermatitis: Also known as "hairy heel warts," this is a highly contagious skin disease that affects the feet of cattle, causing lameness and decreased productivity.
5. Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK): Also known as "pinkeye," IBK is a common and contagious eye infection in cattle that can cause blindness if left untreated.
6. Salmonella: A group of bacteria that can cause severe gastrointestinal illness in cattle, including diarrhea, dehydration, and septicemia.
7. Leptospirosis: A bacterial disease that can cause a wide range of symptoms in cattle, including abortion, stillbirths, and kidney damage.
8. Blackleg: A highly fatal bacterial disease that causes rapid death in young cattle. It is caused by Clostridium chauvoei and vaccination is recommended for prevention.
9. Anthrax: A serious infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Cattle can become infected by ingesting spores found in contaminated soil, feed or water.
10. Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD): A highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hooved animals, including cattle. It is characterized by fever and blisters on the feet, mouth, and teats. FMD is not a threat to human health but can have serious economic consequences for the livestock industry.

It's important to note that many of these diseases can be prevented or controlled through good management practices, such as vaccination, biosecurity measures, and proper nutrition. Regular veterinary care and monitoring are also crucial for early detection and treatment of any potential health issues in your herd.

I'm happy to help, but I want to clarify that the term "sheep diseases" refers to a wide range of health issues that can affect sheep populations. It's not a single medical condition with a specific definition. Here are some examples of common diseases that can affect sheep:

1. Ovine Johne's Disease (OJD): A chronic, infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. It affects the intestines and can cause weight loss, diarrhea, and death.
2. Footrot: A highly contagious bacterial infection that affects the feet of sheep, causing lameness, swelling, and pain. It's caused by the bacteria Dichelobacter nodosus.
3. Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL): A chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. It affects the lymph nodes and can cause abscesses, weight loss, and death.
4. Contagious Ecthyma (Orf): A highly contagious viral infection that affects the skin and mucous membranes of sheep, causing sores and lesions.
5. Mastitis: An inflammation of the mammary gland in sheep, usually caused by a bacterial infection. It can cause decreased milk production, fever, and loss of appetite.
6. Pneumonia: A respiratory infection that can affect sheep, causing coughing, difficulty breathing, and fever. It can be caused by various bacteria or viruses.
7. Enterotoxemia: A potentially fatal disease caused by the overproduction of toxins in the intestines of sheep, usually due to a bacterial infection with Clostridium perfringens.
8. Polioencephalomalacia (PEM): A neurological disorder that affects the brain of sheep, causing symptoms such as blindness, circling, and seizures. It's often caused by a thiamine deficiency or excessive sulfur intake.
9. Toxoplasmosis: A parasitic infection that can affect sheep, causing abortion, stillbirth, and neurological symptoms.
10. Blue tongue: A viral disease that affects sheep, causing fever, respiratory distress, and mouth ulcers. It's transmitted by insect vectors and is often associated with climate change.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "goats" is not a term commonly used in medical definitions. It is a common noun referring to the domesticated animal species Capra aegagrus hircus. If you have any questions about a specific medical condition or term, please provide that and I would be happy to help.

Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a viral zoonotic disease that primarily affects animals, but can also have serious consequences for humans. It is caused by the Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV), which belongs to the family Bunyaviridae and the genus Phlebovirus.

The disease is transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes or through contact with the blood, milk, or other bodily fluids of infected animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, and camels. In humans, RVF can cause a range of symptoms, from mild fever and headache to severe complications such as retinitis, encephalitis, and hemorrhagic fever, which can be fatal in some cases.

RVF is endemic in parts of Africa, particularly in the Rift Valley region, and has also been reported in the Arabian Peninsula. It poses a significant public health and economic threat to affected regions due to its potential to cause large-scale outbreaks with high mortality rates in both animals and humans. Prevention and control measures include vaccination of animals, vector control, and avoidance of mosquito bites.

I apologize, but "sheep" is not a term that has a medical definition. It is a common animal with the scientific name Ovis aries. If you have any medical or health-related questions, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you.

Wild animals are those species of animals that are not domesticated or tamed by humans and live in their natural habitats without regular human intervention. They can include a wide variety of species, ranging from mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, to insects and other invertebrates.

Wild animals are adapted to survive in specific environments and have behaviors, physical traits, and social structures that enable them to find food, shelter, and mates. They can be found in various habitats such as forests, grasslands, deserts, oceans, rivers, and mountains. Some wild animals may come into contact with human populations, particularly in urban areas where their natural habitats have been destroyed or fragmented.

It is important to note that the term "wild" does not necessarily mean that an animal is aggressive or dangerous. While some wild animals can be potentially harmful to humans if provoked or threatened, many are generally peaceful and prefer to avoid contact with people. However, it is essential to respect their natural behaviors and habitats and maintain a safe distance from them to prevent any potential conflicts or harm to either party.

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an arbovirus, a type of virus that is transmitted through the bite of infected arthropods such as mosquitoes and ticks. It belongs to the family Bunyaviridae and the genus Phlebovirus. The virus was first identified in 1930 during an investigation into a large epidemic of cattle deaths near Lake Naivasha in the Rift Valley of Kenya.

RVFV primarily affects animals, particularly sheep, goats, and cattle, causing severe illness and death in newborn animals and abortions in pregnant females. The virus can also infect humans, usually through contact with infected animal tissues or fluids, or through the bite of an infected mosquito. In humans, RVFV typically causes a self-limiting febrile illness, but in some cases, it can lead to more severe complications such as encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) and retinitis (inflammation of the retina), which can result in permanent vision loss.

RVFV is endemic to parts of Africa, particularly in the Rift Valley region, but it has also been found in other parts of the continent, as well as in Saudi Arabia and Yemen. The virus can be transmitted through the movement of infected animals or contaminated animal products, as well as through the spread of infected mosquitoes by wind or travel.

Prevention measures for RVFV include vaccination of livestock, use of personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling animals or their tissues, and avoidance of mosquito bites in areas where the virus is known to be present. There is currently no approved vaccine for humans, but several candidates are in development. Treatment for RVFV infection typically involves supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications.

I believe there may be a misunderstanding in your question. "Goat diseases" refers to illnesses that affect goats specifically. It does not mean diseases that are caused by goats or related to them in some way. Here are some examples of goat diseases:

1. Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE): A viral disease that affects goats, causing arthritis, pneumonia, and sometimes encephalitis.
2. Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL): A bacterial disease that causes abscesses in the lymph nodes of goats.
3. Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP): A contagious respiratory disease caused by mycoplasma bacteria.
4. Johne's Disease: A chronic wasting disease caused by a type of bacterium called Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis.
5. Pasteurellosis: A bacterial disease that can cause pneumonia, septicemia, and other infections in goats.
6. Salmonellosis: A bacterial disease caused by Salmonella bacteria, which can cause diarrhea, fever, and septicemia in goats.
7. Soremouth (Orf): A viral disease that causes sores and scabs around the mouth and nose of goats.

These are just a few examples of diseases that can affect goats. If you have any specific questions about goat health or diseases, I would recommend consulting with a veterinarian who specializes in small ruminants.

Veterinary medicine is the branch of medical science that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases, disorders, and injuries in non-human animals. The profession of veterinary medicine is dedicated to the care, health, and welfare of animals, as well as to the promotion of human health through animal research and public health advancements. Veterinarians employ a variety of diagnostic methods including clinical examination, radiography, laboratory testing, and ultrasound imaging. They use a range of treatments, including medication, surgery, and dietary management. In addition, veterinarians may also advise on preventative healthcare measures such as vaccination schedules and parasite control programs.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals, including cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and buffalo. The virus can also infect wild animals like deer and antelope. FMD is not a direct threat to human health but may have significant economic impacts due to restrictions on trade and movement of infected animals.

The disease is characterized by fever, blister-like sores (vesicles) in the mouth, on the tongue, lips, gums, teats, and between the hooves. The vesicles can rupture, causing painful erosions that make it difficult for affected animals to eat, drink, or walk. In severe cases, FMD can lead to death, particularly among young animals.

The causative agent of foot-and-mouth disease is the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), which belongs to the Picornaviridae family and Aphthovirus genus. There are seven serotypes of FMDV: O, A, C, Asia 1, and South African Territories (SAT) 1, SAT 2, and SAT 3. Infection with one serotype does not provide cross-protection against other serotypes.

Prevention and control measures for foot-and-mouth disease include vaccination, quarantine, movement restrictions, disinfection, and culling of infected animals in severe outbreaks. Rapid detection and response are crucial to prevent the spread of FMD within and between countries.

A "camel" is a large, even-toed ungulate that belongs to the genus Camelus in the family Camelidae. There are two species of camels: the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius), also known as the Arabian camel, which has one hump, and the Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus), which has two humps.

Camels are well adapted to life in arid environments and are native to the Middle East and Central Asia. They have long legs, large, flat feet that help them walk on sand, and a thick coat of hair that helps protect them from the sun and cold temperatures. Camels are also known for their ability to store fat in their humps, which they can convert into water and energy when food and water are scarce.

Camels have been domesticated for thousands of years and have played an important role in human history as transportation, pack animals, and sources of meat, milk, and wool. They are also used in traditional medicine and religious ceremonies in some cultures.

Ruminants are a category of hooved mammals that are known for their unique digestive system, which involves a process called rumination. This group includes animals such as cattle, deer, sheep, goats, and giraffes, among others. The digestive system of ruminants consists of a specialized stomach with multiple compartments (the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum).

Ruminants primarily consume plant-based diets, which are high in cellulose, a complex carbohydrate that is difficult for many animals to digest. In the rumen, microbes break down the cellulose into simpler compounds, producing volatile fatty acids (VFAs) that serve as a major energy source for ruminants. The animal then regurgitates the partially digested plant material (known as cud), chews it further to mix it with saliva and additional microbes, and swallows it again for further digestion in the rumen. This process of rumination allows ruminants to efficiently extract nutrients from their fibrous diets.

The conservation of natural resources refers to the responsible use and management of natural resources, such as water, soil, minerals, forests, and wildlife, in a way that preserves their availability for future generations. This may involve measures such as reducing waste and pollution, promoting sustainable practices, protecting habitats and ecosystems, and engaging in careful planning and decision-making to ensure the long-term sustainability of these resources. The goal of conservation is to balance the needs of the present with the needs of the future, so that current and future generations can continue to benefit from the many goods and services that natural resources provide.

"Swine" is a common term used to refer to even-toed ungulates of the family Suidae, including domestic pigs and wild boars. However, in a medical context, "swine" often appears in the phrase "swine flu," which is a strain of influenza virus that typically infects pigs but can also cause illness in humans. The 2009 H1N1 pandemic was caused by a new strain of swine-origin influenza A virus, which was commonly referred to as "swine flu." It's important to note that this virus is not transmitted through eating cooked pork products; it spreads from person to person, mainly through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

I am not aware of a medical definition for the term "buffaloes." The term generally refers to large, hoofed mammals that are native to Africa and Asia. In English language slang, the term "buffalo" is sometimes used to describe a lie or exaggeration, but this usage is not related to the medical field. If you have more context about where you encountered this term, I may be able to provide a more specific answer.

Ergotism is a condition that results from the consumption of ergot alkaloids, which are found in ergot fungus that infects grains such as rye. There are two types of ergotism: convulsive and gangrenous. Convulsive ergotism can cause seizures, muscle spasms, vomiting, and mental disturbances. Gangrenous ergotism, on the other hand, can lead to constriction of blood vessels, resulting in dry gangrene of the extremities, which can ultimately require amputation. Ergotism has been known since ancient times and was once a significant public health problem before modern agricultural practices were implemented.

A veterinarian is a licensed medical professional who practices veterinary medicine. They are dedicated to the health and well-being of animals, ranging from pets and livestock to wild animals and exotic creatures. Veterinarians diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases and injuries in animals, and they also provide advice and guidance on animal care and nutrition.

Veterinarians may specialize in a particular area of veterinary medicine, such as surgery, internal medicine, dentistry, dermatology, or emergency care. They may work in private clinical practice, research institutions, government agencies, zoos, wildlife rehabilitation centers, or the animal health industry.

To become a veterinarian, one must complete a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) degree from an accredited veterinary school and pass a licensing exam. Veterinary schools typically require applicants to have a bachelor's degree with a strong background in science courses. Additionally, veterinarians must adhere to strict ethical standards and maintain their knowledge and skills through ongoing education and training.

Ceratopogonidae is a family of small flies, also known as biting midges or no-see-ums. They are characterized by their slender segmented bodies, feathery antennae, and wings with extensive venation. Some species in this family are known to be vectors of various diseases, such as human and animal forms of filariasis, blue tongue virus in sheep, and several viral diseases in horses. The larvae of these flies are aquatic or semi-aquatic and can be found in a variety of habitats including wet soil, decaying vegetation, and freshwater bodies.

Drug residues refer to the remaining amount of a medication or drug that remains in an animal or its products after the treatment period has ended. This can occur when drugs are not properly metabolized and eliminated by the animal's body, or when withdrawal times (the recommended length of time to wait before consuming or selling the animal or its products) are not followed.

Drug residues in animals can pose a risk to human health if consumed through the consumption of animal products such as meat, milk, or eggs. For this reason, regulatory bodies set maximum residue limits (MRLs) for drug residues in animal products to ensure that they do not exceed safe levels for human consumption.

It is important for farmers and veterinarians to follow label instructions and recommended withdrawal times to prevent the accumulation of drug residues in animals and their products, and to protect public health.

A domestic sheep (Ovis aries) is not a medical term, but it is an animal species that humans keep and breed for a variety of purposes, including meat, wool, and milk production. While the term "sheep" may appear in medical contexts, such as in discussions of zoonotic diseases (diseases transmissible between animals and humans), the specific definition you are looking for is not medical in nature. Domestic sheep are social herbivores that prefer to eat short grasses and can be found in various parts of the world. They have been domesticated for thousands of years, making them one of the earliest animals to be domesticated by humans.

Ethnobotany is the scientific study of the traditional knowledge, practices, and beliefs about plants held by a particular group of people or culture. It involves the documentation and analysis of the ways in which people use plants for medicinal, food, shelter, clothing, dye, ritual, and other purposes. The field of ethnobotany draws on anthropology, botany, ecology, chemistry, and geography to understand the complex relationships between human cultures and their plant resources.

Ethnobotanists may conduct fieldwork with communities to learn about their traditional plant use, documenting this knowledge through interviews, observations, and collections of plant specimens. They may also study the ecological and cultural factors that shape plant use and management, as well as the impacts of globalization, environmental change, and other forces on traditional plant knowledge and practices.

The information gathered through ethnobotanical research can have important implications for conservation, human health, and sustainable development. For example, traditional plant remedies may provide leads for the development of new drugs or therapies, while understanding the cultural significance of plants can help inform efforts to protect biodiversity and support the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities.

Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium bovis. It primarily affects cattle but can also spread to other mammals including humans, causing a similar disease known as zoonotic tuberculosis. The infection in animals typically occurs through inhalation of infectious droplets or ingestion of contaminated feed and water.

In cattle, the disease often affects the respiratory system, leading to symptoms such as chronic coughing, weight loss, and difficulty breathing. However, it can also affect other organs, including the intestines, lymph nodes, and mammary glands. Diagnosis of BTB typically involves a combination of clinical signs, laboratory tests, and epidemiological data.

Control measures for BTB include regular testing and culling of infected animals, movement restrictions, and vaccination of susceptible populations. In many countries, BTB is a notifiable disease, meaning that cases must be reported to the authorities. Proper cooking and pasteurization of dairy products can help prevent transmission to humans.

Tsetse flies are not a medical condition but rather insects that can transmit diseases. Here is their medical relevance:

Tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) are large, biting flies found primarily in tropical Africa. They are vectors for African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness in humans and Nagana in animals. The fly ingests the parasite when it takes a blood meal from an infected host, then transmits the disease to another host through its saliva during subsequent feedings. This makes tsetse flies medically relevant due to their role in spreading these diseases.

Veterinary drugs, also known as veterinary medicines, are substances or combinations of substances used to treat, prevent, or diagnose diseases in animals, including food-producing species and pets. These drugs can be administered to animals through various routes such as oral, topical, injectable, or inhalation. They contain active ingredients that interact with the animal's biological system to produce a therapeutic effect. Veterinary drugs are subject to regulatory control and must be prescribed or recommended by a licensed veterinarian in many countries to ensure their safe and effective use.

In medical terms, "breeding" is not a term that is commonly used. It is more frequently used in the context of animal husbandry to refer to the process of mating animals in order to produce offspring with specific desired traits or characteristics. In human medicine, the term is not typically applied to people and instead, related concepts such as reproduction, conception, or pregnancy are used.

Trypanosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by various species of the protozoan genus Trypanosoma. It is transmitted through the bite of an infected tsetse fly (in African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness) or reduviid bug (in American trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease). The parasites enter the bloodstream and lymphatic system, causing symptoms such as fever, swollen lymph nodes, skin lesions, and muscle pain. Untreated, it can lead to severe neurological complications and death in both forms of the disease. Prevention measures include avoiding insect bites, using insect repellents, and sleeping under insecticide-treated bed nets.

African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, is a vector-borne parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected tsetse fly (Glossina spp.). The disease has two stages: an early hemolymphatic stage characterized by fever, swollen lymph nodes, and skin rashes; and a late neurological stage characterized by sleep disturbances, personality changes, and motor abnormalities. If left untreated, it can be fatal. The disease is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, where an estimated 65 million people are at risk of infection.

Helminthiasis, in general, refers to the infection or infestation of humans and animals by helminths, which are parasitic worms. When referring to "Animal Helminthiasis," it specifically pertains to the condition where animals, including domestic pets and livestock, are infected by various helminth species. These parasitic worms can reside in different organs of the animal's body, leading to a wide range of clinical signs depending on the worm species and the location of the infestation.

Animal Helminthiasis can be caused by different types of helminths:

1. Nematodes (roundworms): These include species like Ascaris suum in pigs, Toxocara cati and Toxascaris leonina in cats, and Toxocara canis in dogs. They can cause gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhea, vomiting, and weight loss.
2. Cestodes (tapeworms): Examples include Taenia saginata in cattle, Echinococcus granulosus in sheep and goats, and Dipylidium caninum in dogs and cats. Tapeworm infestations may lead to gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea or constipation and may also cause vitamin deficiencies due to the worm's ability to absorb nutrients from the host animal's digestive system.
3. Trematodes (flukes): These include liver flukes such as Fasciola hepatica in sheep, goats, and cattle, and schistosomes that can affect various animals, including birds and mammals. Liver fluke infestations may cause liver damage, leading to symptoms like weight loss, decreased appetite, and jaundice. Schistosome infestations can lead to issues in multiple organs depending on the species involved.

Preventing and controlling Helminthiasis in animals is crucial for maintaining animal health and welfare, as well as ensuring food safety for humans who consume products from these animals. Regular deworming programs, good hygiene practices, proper pasture management, and monitoring for clinical signs are essential components of a comprehensive parasite control strategy.

Parasitic diseases, animal, refer to conditions in animals that are caused by parasites, which are organisms that live on or inside a host and derive benefits from the host at its expense. Parasites can be classified into different groups such as protozoa, helminths (worms), and arthropods (e.g., ticks, fleas).

Parasitic diseases in animals can cause a wide range of clinical signs depending on the type of parasite, the animal species affected, and the location and extent of infection. Some common examples of parasitic diseases in animals include:

* Heartworm disease in dogs and cats caused by Dirofilaria immitis
* Coccidiosis in various animals caused by different species of Eimeria
* Toxoplasmosis in cats and other animals caused by Toxoplasma gondii
* Giardiasis in many animal species caused by Giardia spp.
* Lungworm disease in dogs and cats caused by Angiostrongylus vasorum or Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
* Tapeworm infection in dogs, cats, and other animals caused by different species of Taenia or Dipylidium caninum

Prevention and control of parasitic diseases in animals typically involve a combination of strategies such as regular veterinary care, appropriate use of medications, environmental management, and good hygiene practices.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "poultry" is not a medical term. It is a agricultural and culinary term that refers to domestic birds (such as chickens, ducks, geese, and turkeys) that are kept for their eggs, meat, or feathers. The study and care of these birds would fall under the field of veterinary medicine, but "poultry" itself is not a medical term.

Animal welfare is a concept that refers to the state of an animal's physical and mental health, comfort, and ability to express normal behaviors. It encompasses factors such as proper nutrition, housing, handling, care, treatment, and protection from harm and distress. The goal of animal welfare is to ensure that animals are treated with respect and consideration, and that their needs and interests are met in a responsible and ethical manner.

The concept of animal welfare is based on the recognition that animals are sentient beings capable of experiencing pain, suffering, and emotions, and that they have intrinsic value beyond their usefulness to humans. It is guided by principles such as the "Five Freedoms," which include freedom from hunger and thirst, freedom from discomfort, freedom from pain, injury or disease, freedom to express normal behavior, and freedom from fear and distress.

Animal welfare is an important consideration in various fields, including agriculture, research, conservation, entertainment, and companionship. It involves a multidisciplinary approach that draws on knowledge from biology, ethology, veterinary medicine, psychology, philosophy, and law. Ultimately, animal welfare aims to promote the humane treatment of animals and to ensure their well-being in all aspects of their lives.

Animal feed refers to any substance or mixture of substances, whether processed, unprocessed, or partially processed, which is intended to be used as food for animals, including fish, without further processing. It includes ingredients such as grains, hay, straw, oilseed meals, and by-products from the milling, processing, and manufacturing industries. Animal feed can be in the form of pellets, crumbles, mash, or other forms, and is used to provide nutrients such as energy, protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals to support the growth, reproduction, and maintenance of animals. It's important to note that animal feed must be safe, nutritious, and properly labeled to ensure the health and well-being of the animals that consume it.

Trypanosoma congolense is a species of protozoan parasite that belongs to the genus Trypanosoma. It is the primary causative agent of African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT), also known as Nagana, which affects both wild and domestic animals in sub-Saharan Africa.

The life cycle of T. congolense involves two main hosts: the tsetse fly (Glossina spp.) and a mammalian host, such as cattle, sheep, goats, or wild animals. The parasite is transmitted to the mammalian host through the bite of an infected tsetse fly. Once inside the host's body, T. congolense multiplies in various bodily fluids, including blood, lymph, and cerebrospinal fluid, causing a range of symptoms such as fever, anemia, weight loss, and weakness.

In severe cases, AAT can lead to death, particularly in young or debilitated animals. The disease has significant economic impacts on agriculture and livestock production in affected regions, making it a major public health concern.

I apologize for any confusion, but "deer" is not a medical term. It is a common name used to refer to various species of hooved mammals belonging to the family Cervidae. If you have any questions about medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to help answer them.

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus belonging to the family Picornaviridae and the genus Aphthovirus. It is the causative agent of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD), a highly contagious and severe viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals, including cattle, swine, sheep, goats, and buffalo. The virus can be transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or their bodily fluids, as well as through aerosolized particles in the air. FMDV has seven distinct serotypes (O, A, C, Asia 1, and South African Territories [SAT] 1, 2, and 3), and infection with one serotype does not provide cross-protection against other serotypes. The virus primarily targets the animal's epithelial tissues, causing lesions and blisters in and around the mouth, feet, and mammary glands. FMD is not a direct threat to human health but poses significant economic consequences for the global livestock industry due to its high infectivity and morbidity rates.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Housing, Animal" is not a standard term in medical terminology. Medical terminology typically relates to the human body, diseases, treatments, and healthcare practices. "Housing, Animal" would be more related to veterinary medicine or animal care fields, which pertain to the accommodation and environment provided for animals. If you have any questions related to medical terminology, I'd be happy to help!

Bovine trypanosomiasis, also known as Nagana, is a parasitic disease that affects cattle and other animals. It is caused by various species of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma, which are transmitted through the bite of tsetse flies (Glossina spp.).

The disease is characterized by fever, anemia, weight loss, decreased milk production, abortion in pregnant animals, and eventually death if left untreated. The parasites invade the bloodstream and lymphatic system, causing damage to various organs and tissues.

Bovine trypanosomiasis is a major constraint to livestock production in sub-Saharan Africa, where it affects millions of animals and causes significant economic losses to farmers and pastoralists. Control measures include the use of trypanocidal drugs, insecticide-treated cattle, and the reduction or elimination of tsetse fly populations through various methods such as trapping and habitat modification.

Trypanosoma is a genus of flagellated protozoan parasites belonging to the family Trypanosomatidae. These microscopic single-celled organisms are known to cause various tropical diseases in humans and animals, including Chagas disease (caused by Trypanosoma cruzi) and African sleeping sickness (caused by Trypanosoma brucei).

The life cycle of Trypanosoma involves alternating between an insect vector (like a tsetse fly or kissing bug) and a mammalian host. The parasites undergo complex morphological changes as they move through the different hosts and developmental stages, often exhibiting distinct forms in the insect vector compared to the mammalian host.

Trypanosoma species have an undulating membrane and a single flagellum that helps them move through their environment. They can be transmitted through various routes, including insect vectors, contaminated food or water, or congenital transmission from mother to offspring. The diseases caused by these parasites can lead to severe health complications and may even be fatal if left untreated.

Oxytropis is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, primarily in North America and Asia. Some common names for Oxytropis include locoweeds and wild peas.

In a medical context, Oxytropis species are most well-known for containing toxic alkaloids that can cause serious poisoning in livestock, particularly cattle, sheep, and goats. The toxins, including swainsonine and other indolizidine alkaloids, can affect the nervous system and cause symptoms such as weakness, tremors, blindness, and ultimately death.

While Oxytropis poisoning is not a direct concern for human health, it is important for medical professionals to be aware of its potential impact on animal health in rural and agricultural communities.

A disease reservoir refers to a population or group of living organisms, including humans, animals, and even plants, that can naturally carry and transmit a particular pathogen (disease-causing agent) without necessarily showing symptoms of the disease themselves. These hosts serve as a source of infection for other susceptible individuals, allowing the pathogen to persist and circulate within a community or environment.

Disease reservoirs can be further classified into:

1. **Primary (or Main) Reservoir**: This refers to the species that primarily harbors and transmits the pathogen, contributing significantly to its natural ecology and maintaining its transmission cycle. For example, mosquitoes are the primary reservoirs for many arboviruses like dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses.

2. **Amplifying Hosts**: These hosts can become infected with the pathogen and experience a high rate of replication, leading to an increased concentration of the pathogen in their bodies. This allows for efficient transmission to other susceptible hosts or vectors. For instance, birds are amplifying hosts for West Nile virus, as they can become viremic (have high levels of virus in their blood) and infect feeding mosquitoes that then transmit the virus to other animals and humans.

3. **Dead-end Hosts**: These hosts may become infected with the pathogen but do not contribute significantly to its transmission cycle, as they either do not develop sufficient quantities of the pathogen to transmit it or do not come into contact with potential vectors or susceptible hosts. For example, humans are dead-end hosts for many zoonotic diseases like rabies, as they cannot transmit the virus to other humans.

Understanding disease reservoirs is crucial in developing effective strategies for controlling and preventing infectious diseases, as it helps identify key species and environments that contribute to their persistence and transmission.

Bluetongue is a viral disease that primarily affects sheep and some species of cattle, goats, and wild ruminants. The disease is named for the bluish discoloration of the tongue that can occur in severe cases. It is transmitted by midges (Culicoides spp.) and occurs mainly in tropical and subtropical regions around the world.

The symptoms of Bluetongue include fever, salivation, difficulty breathing, swelling of the head and neck, and lameness. In severe cases, it can cause death. The disease is not contagious between animals and cannot be spread through contact or ingestion of contaminated feed or water.

There are several different serotypes of Bluetongue virus, and immunity to one serotype does not provide cross-protection against other serotypes. Vaccination is available for some serotypes in certain regions, but it may not be effective against all serotypes. Control measures typically focus on reducing exposure to midges through the use of insect repellents, screens, and other barriers.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Nebraska" is a state in the central United States and not a medical term. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I'd be happy to help with those!

Ergot alkaloids are a type of chemical compound that is produced naturally by certain fungi belonging to the genus Claviceps. These alkaloids are most famously known for being produced by the ergot fungus (Claviceps purpurea), which infects cereal grains such as rye and causes a condition known as ergotism in humans and animals that consume the contaminated grain.

Ergot alkaloids have a complex chemical structure and can have various effects on the human body. They are known to act as powerful vasoconstrictors, which means that they cause blood vessels to narrow and can increase blood pressure. Some ergot alkaloids also have psychoactive effects and have been used in the past for their hallucinogenic properties.

In modern medicine, certain ergot alkaloids are used in the treatment of various conditions, including migraines and Parkinson's disease. However, these compounds can be highly toxic if not used properly, and their use must be carefully monitored to avoid serious side effects.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Puma" is not a term that has a medical definition. It is a common name for several species of large American cats, and it can also be a brand of sports apparel and footwear. If you have any other health or medical terms you would like me to define, please let me know!

A disease outbreak is defined as the occurrence of cases of a disease in excess of what would normally be expected in a given time and place. It may affect a small and localized group or a large number of people spread over a wide area, even internationally. An outbreak may be caused by a new agent, a change in the agent's virulence or host susceptibility, or an increase in the size or density of the host population.

Outbreaks can have significant public health and economic impacts, and require prompt investigation and control measures to prevent further spread of the disease. The investigation typically involves identifying the source of the outbreak, determining the mode of transmission, and implementing measures to interrupt the chain of infection. This may include vaccination, isolation or quarantine, and education of the public about the risks and prevention strategies.

Examples of disease outbreaks include foodborne illnesses linked to contaminated food or water, respiratory infections spread through coughing and sneezing, and mosquito-borne diseases such as Zika virus and West Nile virus. Outbreaks can also occur in healthcare settings, such as hospitals and nursing homes, where vulnerable populations may be at increased risk of infection.

Brucellosis is a bacterial infection caused by the Brucella species, which are gram-negative coccobacilli. It is a zoonotic disease, meaning it can be transmitted from animals to humans. The most common way for humans to contract brucellosis is through consumption of contaminated animal products, such as unpasteurized milk or undercooked meat, from infected animals like goats, sheep, and cattle.

Humans can also acquire the infection through direct contact with infected animals, their tissues, or bodily fluids, especially in occupational settings like farming, veterinary medicine, or slaughterhouses. In rare cases, inhalation of contaminated aerosols or laboratory exposure can lead to brucellosis.

The onset of symptoms is usually insidious and may include fever, chills, night sweats, headache, muscle and joint pain, fatigue, and loss of appetite. The infection can disseminate to various organs, causing complications such as endocarditis, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, orchitis, and epididymoorchitis.

Diagnosis is confirmed through blood cultures, serological tests, or molecular methods like PCR. Treatment typically involves a long course of antibiotics, such as doxycycline combined with rifampin or streptomycin. Prevention measures include pasteurization of dairy products and cooking meat thoroughly before consumption. Vaccination is available for high-risk populations but not for general use due to the risk of adverse reactions and potential interference with serodiagnosis.

Poaceae is not a medical term but a taxonomic category, specifically the family name for grasses. In a broader sense, you might be asking for a medical context where knowledge of this plant family could be relevant. For instance, certain members of the Poaceae family can cause allergies or negative reactions in some people.

In a medical definition, Poaceae would be defined as:

The family of monocotyledonous plants that includes grasses, bamboo, and sedges. These plants are characterized by narrow leaves with parallel veins, jointed stems (called "nodes" and "internodes"), and flowers arranged in spikelets. Some members of this family are important food sources for humans and animals, such as rice, wheat, corn, barley, oats, and sorghum. Other members can cause negative reactions, like skin irritation or allergies, due to their silica-based defense structures called phytoliths.

Falconiformes is an order of diurnal birds of prey that includes falcons, hawks, eagles, vultures, and condors. These birds are characterized by their strong, hooked beaks, sharp talons, and excellent vision, which make them efficient hunters. They are widely distributed around the world and play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems by controlling populations of small mammals, reptiles, and other birds.

I believe there may be some confusion in your question. "Raptors" is a common name used to refer to a group of birds of prey, which include hawks, eagles, falcons, and owls, among others. However, the term "raptors" does not have a specific medical definition.

If you meant to ask for a medical definition of a different term, please let me know and I will be happy to help you with that.

An "ecosystem" is not a term that has a specific medical definition, as it is a concept that is more commonly used in the fields of ecology and environmental science. However, I can provide you with the general ecological definition of an ecosystem:

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their non-living environment, including both biotic factors (plants, animals, microorganisms) and abiotic factors (climate, soil, water, and air). These interactions create a complex network of relationships that form the foundation of ecological processes, such as energy flow, nutrient cycling, and population dynamics.

While there is no direct medical definition for an ecosystem, understanding the principles of ecosystems can have important implications for human health. For example, healthy ecosystems can provide clean air and water, regulate climate, support food production, and offer opportunities for recreation and relaxation, all of which contribute to overall well-being. Conversely, degraded ecosystems can lead to increased exposure to environmental hazards, reduced access to natural resources, and heightened risks of infectious diseases. Therefore, maintaining the health and integrity of ecosystems is crucial for promoting human health and preventing disease.

Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF) is a tick-borne disease caused by the virus named Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). It is a severe and often fatal illness. The disease is characterized by sudden onset of high fever, muscle pain, severe headache, soreness in the eyes, fatigue, and dizziness. After two to four days, there may be evidence of hemorrhage (bleeding) from the mouth, gums, nose, or other sites. The virus is primarily transmitted to people from ticks that feed on domestic animals such as cattle, sheep, and goats. It can also be transmitted through contact with infected animal blood or tissues during and after slaughtering. Human-to-human transmission can occur resulting from close contact with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected persons. Healthcare workers are at risk if they are not wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. There is no specific treatment for CHF yet, but early supportive care and symptomatic treatment improve survival rates.

Swine diseases refer to a wide range of infectious and non-infectious conditions that affect pigs. These diseases can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, or environmental factors. Some common swine diseases include:

1. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS): a viral disease that causes reproductive failure in sows and respiratory problems in piglets and grower pigs.
2. Classical Swine Fever (CSF): also known as hog cholera, is a highly contagious viral disease that affects pigs of all ages.
3. Porcine Circovirus Disease (PCVD): a group of diseases caused by porcine circoviruses, including Porcine CircoVirus Associated Disease (PCVAD) and Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS).
4. Swine Influenza: a respiratory disease caused by type A influenza viruses that can infect pigs and humans.
5. Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae: a bacterial disease that causes pneumonia in pigs.
6. Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae: a bacterial disease that causes severe pneumonia in pigs.
7. Salmonella: a group of bacteria that can cause food poisoning in humans and a variety of diseases in pigs, including septicemia, meningitis, and abortion.
8. Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae: a bacterial disease that causes dysentery in pigs.
9. Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae: a bacterial disease that causes erysipelas in pigs.
10. External and internal parasites, such as lice, mites, worms, and flukes, can also cause diseases in swine.

Prevention and control of swine diseases rely on good biosecurity practices, vaccination programs, proper nutrition, and management practices. Regular veterinary check-ups and monitoring are essential to detect and treat diseases early.

In a medical context, "meat" generally refers to the flesh of animals that is consumed as food. This includes muscle tissue, as well as fat and other tissues that are often found in meat products. However, it's worth noting that some people may have dietary restrictions or medical conditions that prevent them from consuming meat, so it's always important to consider individual preferences and needs when discussing food options.

It's also worth noting that the consumption of meat can have both positive and negative health effects. On the one hand, meat is a good source of protein, iron, vitamin B12, and other essential nutrients. On the other hand, consuming large amounts of red and processed meats has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and certain types of cancer. Therefore, it's generally recommended to consume meat in moderation as part of a balanced diet.

Animal Identification Systems refer to methods and technologies used for identifying individual animals, typically for the purposes of animal health monitoring, traceability in food production, and conservation efforts. These systems can include various forms of physical tags, electronic identification devices, and data management software. Common examples include ear tags, radio-frequency identification (RFID) transponders, and tattooing or branding. The goal of animal identification systems is to enable accurate tracking and monitoring of animals throughout their lifecycle, which can help prevent the spread of disease, ensure food safety, and support research and conservation efforts.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Mongolia" is not a medical term. It is the name of a country located in Central Asia. If you have any questions about medical conditions or terminology, I would be happy to help clarify those for you.

'Sus scrofa' is the scientific name for the wild boar, a species of suid that is native to much of Eurasia and North Africa. It is not a medical term or concept. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to help with those instead!

'Claviceps' is a genus of filamentous fungi that are commonly known as ergots. These fungi infect the grasses and grains in the family Poaceae, which includes important crop plants such as wheat, rye, barley, and corn. The most well-known species in this genus is Claviceps purpurea, which causes a disease called ergotism in humans and animals that consume contaminated grains.

Ergotism is a serious condition that can cause a range of symptoms, including convulsions, hallucinations, gangrene, and death. The fungus produces alkaloids that can affect the nervous system and blood vessels, leading to these symptoms. Historically, ergotism was a significant public health problem in Europe, where it was known as "St. Anthony's Fire" because of the burning sensations it caused in the limbs.

Today, ergotism is rare thanks to improved grain storage and monitoring practices. However, Claviceps species continue to be important in agriculture and medicine. Some of the alkaloids produced by these fungi have been used in pharmaceuticals to treat conditions such as migraines and Parkinson's disease.

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an infectious agent that causes Bluetongue disease, a non-contagious viral disease affecting sheep and other ruminants. It is a member of the Orbivirus genus within the Reoviridae family. The virus is transmitted by biting midges of the Culicoides species and can infect various animals such as sheep, cattle, goats, and wild ruminants.

The virus has a double-stranded RNA genome and consists of ten segments that encode seven structural and four non-structural proteins. The clinical signs of Bluetongue disease in sheep include fever, salivation, swelling of the head and neck, nasal discharge, and respiratory distress, which can be severe or fatal. In contrast, cattle usually show milder symptoms or are asymptomatic, although they can serve as reservoirs for the virus.

Bluetongue virus is an important veterinary pathogen that has a significant economic impact on the global sheep industry. The disease is prevalent in many parts of the world, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, but has also spread to temperate areas due to climate change and the movement of infected animals. Prevention and control measures include vaccination, insect control, and restricting the movement of infected animals.

In the medical context, the term "eggs" is not typically used as a formal medical definition. However, if you are referring to reproductive biology, an egg or ovum is a female reproductive cell (gamete) that, when fertilized by a male sperm, can develop into a new individual.

In humans, eggs are produced in the ovaries and are released during ovulation, usually once per month. They are much larger than sperm and contain all the genetic information necessary to create a human being, along with nutrients that help support the early stages of embryonic development.

It's worth noting that the term "eggs" is also commonly used in everyday language to refer to chicken eggs or eggs from other birds, which are not relevant to medical definitions.

In the context of medical definitions, "transportation" typically refers to the movement of patients from one location to another. This can include the transfer of patients between healthcare facilities (such as from a hospital to a long-term care facility), between departments within a healthcare facility (such as from the emergency department to an inpatient unit), or to and from medical appointments.

Transportation may also refer to the movement of medical equipment, supplies, or specimens between locations. In this context, transportation ensures that necessary items are delivered to the right place at the right time, which is critical for providing high-quality patient care.

It's important to note that safe and timely transportation is essential for ensuring positive patient outcomes, reducing the risk of adverse events, and improving overall healthcare efficiency.

Waste products, in the context of physiology and medicine, refer to substances that are produced as a result of various metabolic processes within the body's cells but have no further use for the body's normal functioning. These waste materials must be eliminated from the body to maintain homeostasis and prevent toxic accumulation.

Common examples of waste products include:

1. Carbon dioxide (CO2): A byproduct of cellular respiration, which is exhaled through the lungs.
2. Urea: formed in the liver from the breakdown of excess amino acids and proteins, then excreted by the kidneys in urine.
3. Creatinine: a waste product generated from muscle metabolism, eliminated through the kidneys in urine.
4. Water (H2O): A byproduct of various metabolic reactions, excreted as urine or sweat, and lost through respiration and evaporation.
5. Bilirubin: a waste product formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells, eliminated through the bile and feces.
6. Lactic acid: produced during anaerobic metabolism, especially with intense exercise or hypoxia; it can be converted back to pyruvate for energy production or removed by the liver and excreted in urine.
7. Hippuric acid: formed from the conjugation of glycine and benzoic acid, primarily eliminated through urine.
8. Indican: a waste product resulting from the metabolism of tryptophan, excreted in urine after being converted to indigo by intestinal bacteria.
9. Estrogens and androgens: hormonal waste products produced by the gonads and adrenal glands, metabolized and eliminated through urine and feces.

Maintaining the efficient elimination of these waste products is essential for overall health and well-being. Failure to do so can result in various medical conditions, such as kidney or liver failure, that can be life-threatening if left untreated.

Fertilizers are substances that are added to soil to provide nutrients necessary for plant growth and development. They typically contain macronutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in forms that can be readily taken up by plants. These three nutrients are essential for photosynthesis, energy transfer, and the production of proteins, nucleic acids, and other vital plant compounds.

Fertilizers may also contain secondary nutrients like calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S) as well as micronutrients such as iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), boron (B), and molybdenum (Mo). These elements play crucial roles in various plant metabolic processes, including enzyme activation, chlorophyll synthesis, and hormone production.

Fertilizers can be organic or synthetic. Organic fertilizers include materials like compost, manure, bone meal, and blood meal, which release nutrients slowly over time as they decompose. Synthetic fertilizers, also known as inorganic or chemical fertilizers, are manufactured chemicals that contain precise amounts of specific nutrients. They can be quickly absorbed by plants but may pose environmental risks if not used properly.

Proper fertilization is essential for optimal plant growth and crop yield. However, overuse or improper application of fertilizers can lead to nutrient runoff, soil degradation, water pollution, and other negative environmental impacts. Therefore, it's crucial to follow recommended fertilizer application rates and practices based on the specific needs of the plants and local regulations.

Environmental pollution is the introduction or presence of harmful substances, energies, or objects in the environment that can cause adverse effects on living organisms and ecosystems. These pollutants can be in the form of chemical, physical, or biological agents that contaminate air, water, soil, or noise levels, exceeding safe limits established by environmental regulations.

Examples of environmental pollution include:

1. Air pollution: The presence of harmful substances such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air that can cause respiratory and other health problems.
2. Water pollution: Contamination of water sources with chemicals, heavy metals, pathogens, or other pollutants that can harm aquatic life and make the water unsafe for human consumption or recreational use.
3. Soil pollution: The presence of harmful substances such as heavy metals, pesticides, and industrial waste in soil that can reduce soil fertility, contaminate crops, and pose a risk to human health.
4. Noise pollution: Excessive noise levels from transportation, industrial activities, or other sources that can cause stress, sleep disturbances, and hearing loss in humans and animals.
5. Light pollution: The excessive use of artificial light that can disrupt ecosystems, affect human circadian rhythms, and contribute to energy waste.

Environmental pollution is a significant global health issue that requires urgent attention and action from governments, industries, and individuals to reduce pollutant emissions, promote sustainable practices, and protect the environment for future generations.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "seasons" is not a term that has a medical definition. Seasons refer to the four divisions of the year (spring, summer, autumn or fall, and winter) based on the position of the earth in its orbit around the sun. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to try to help answer those!

Artiodactyla is an order of mammals that includes even-toed ungulates, or hooved animals, with an odd number of toes. This group includes animals such as pigs, peccaries, hippos, camels, deer, giraffes, antelopes, and ruminants like cattle, sheep, and goats. The primary identifying feature of Artiodactyls is the presence of a pair of weight-bearing toes located in the middle of the foot, with the other toes being either reduced or absent. This arrangement provides stability and adaptability for these animals to thrive in various habitats worldwide.

Medically, "milk" is not defined. However, it is important to note that human babies are fed with breast milk, which is the secretion from the mammary glands of humans. It is rich in nutrients like proteins, fats, carbohydrates (lactose), vitamins and minerals that are essential for growth and development.

Other mammals also produce milk to feed their young. These include cows, goats, and sheep, among others. Their milk is often consumed by humans as a source of nutrition, especially in dairy products. However, the composition of these milks can vary significantly from human breast milk.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "geography" is not a term that has a medical definition. Geography is a field of study that deals with the location and distribution of physical and cultural features on Earth's surface, as well as how humans interact with and affect those features. It is not a concept that is typically used in a medical context. If you have any questions related to medicine or healthcare, I would be happy to try to help answer them for you!

Ergotamines are a type of medication that is derived from the ergot fungus (Claviceps purpurea). They are primarily used to treat migraines and cluster headaches. Ergotamines work by narrowing blood vessels around the brain, which helps to alleviate the symptoms of migraines and headaches.

Ergotamines are available in various forms, including tablets, suppositories, and injectable solutions. They can be taken orally, rectally, or intravenously, depending on the severity of the symptoms and the patient's medical history. Ergotamines should be used with caution, as they can cause serious side effects such as nausea, vomiting, muscle pain, and weakness.

Ergotamines are also used in the treatment of other conditions, including postpartum hemorrhage, heart failure, and high blood pressure during pregnancy. However, their use in these conditions is typically reserved for cases where other treatments have been ineffective or contraindicated.

It's important to note that ergotamines can interact with a variety of medications, including certain antidepressants, antibiotics, and HIV medications. Therefore, it's essential to inform your healthcare provider about all the medications you are taking before starting treatment with ergotamines.

I must clarify that "Ethiopia" is not a medical term or condition. Ethiopia is a country located in the Horn of Africa, known for its rich history and cultural heritage. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with diverse ethnic groups, languages, and religious practices.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, please feel free to ask! I'm here to help.

Feces are the solid or semisolid remains of food that could not be digested or absorbed in the small intestine, along with bacteria and other waste products. After being stored in the colon, feces are eliminated from the body through the rectum and anus during defecation. Feces can vary in color, consistency, and odor depending on a person's diet, health status, and other factors.

"Dairying" is not a medical term. It refers to the industry or practice of producing and processing milk and milk products, such as butter, cheese, and yogurt, typically from cows but also from other animals like goats and sheep. Dairying involves various activities including breeding and raising dairy animals, milking, processing, and marketing milk and milk products. It is not a medical concept or procedure.

Cryptosporidiosis is a diarrheal disease caused by microscopic parasites called Cryptosporidium. The parasites are found in the feces of infected animals and humans. People can become infected with Cryptosporidium by ingesting contaminated water or food, or by coming into contact with infected persons or animals.

The infection can cause a wide range of symptoms, including watery diarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, fever, and dehydration. In people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, the infection can be severe and even life-threatening.

Cryptosporidiosis is typically treated with increased fluid intake to prevent dehydration, and in some cases, medication may be prescribed to help manage symptoms. Good hygiene practices, such as washing hands thoroughly after using the bathroom or changing diapers, can help prevent the spread of Cryptosporidium.

"Acremonium" is a genus of filamentous fungi that are commonly found in soil, decaying vegetation, and water. Some species of Acremonium can cause infections in humans, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems. These infections can affect various organs and tissues, including the skin, nails, lungs, and eyes.

The medical definition of "Acremonium" is therefore a type of fungus that can cause a variety of infectious diseases, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. It's important to note that Acremonium infections are relatively rare, but they can be serious and require prompt medical treatment.

Nitrogen compounds are chemical substances that contain nitrogen, which is a non-metal in group 15 of the periodic table. Nitrogen forms compounds with many other elements due to its ability to form multiple bonds, including covalent bonds with hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, sulfur, and halogens.

Nitrogen can exist in several oxidation states, ranging from -3 to +5, which leads to a wide variety of nitrogen compounds with different properties and uses. Some common examples of nitrogen compounds include:

* Ammonia (NH3), a colorless gas with a pungent odor, used in fertilizers, cleaning products, and refrigeration systems.
* Nitric acid (HNO3), a strong mineral acid used in the production of explosives, dyes, and fertilizers.
* Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), a white crystalline solid used as a fertilizer and explosive ingredient.
* Hydrazine (N2H4), a colorless liquid with a strong odor, used as a rocket fuel and reducing agent.
* Nitrous oxide (N2O), a colorless gas used as an anesthetic and laughing gas in dental procedures.

Nitrogen compounds have many important applications in various industries, such as agriculture, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and energy production. However, some nitrogen compounds can also be harmful or toxic to humans and the environment if not handled properly.

Emerging communicable diseases are infections whose incidence has increased in the past two decades or threatens to increase in the near future. These diseases can be caused by new microbial agents, or by previously known agents that have newly acquired the ability to cause disease in humans. They may also result from changes in human demographics, behavior, or travel patterns, or from technological or environmental changes. Examples of emerging communicable diseases include COVID-19, Ebola virus disease, Zika virus infection, and West Nile fever.

I'm happy to help, but I must clarify that I can't provide a "medical definition" of waste management since it is not a medical term per se. Waste management is a broader environmental and public health issue. However, I can offer a definition related to healthcare facilities:

Waste management in the context of healthcare facilities refers to the practices, processes, and systems used to collect, transport, treat, dispose, recycle, or reuse waste materials generated from healthcare activities. This includes various types of waste such as hazardous (e.g., infectious, chemical, pharmaceutical), non-hazardous, and radioactive waste. Proper management is crucial to prevent infection, protect the environment, conserve resources, and ensure occupational safety for healthcare workers and the public.

Seroepidemiologic studies are a type of epidemiological study that measures the presence and levels of antibodies in a population's blood serum to investigate the prevalence, distribution, and transmission of infectious diseases. These studies help to identify patterns of infection and immunity within a population, which can inform public health policies and interventions.

Seroepidemiologic studies typically involve collecting blood samples from a representative sample of individuals in a population and testing them for the presence of antibodies against specific pathogens. The results are then analyzed to estimate the prevalence of infection and immunity within the population, as well as any factors associated with increased or decreased risk of infection.

These studies can provide valuable insights into the spread of infectious diseases, including emerging and re-emerging infections, and help to monitor the effectiveness of vaccination programs. Additionally, seroepidemiologic studies can also be used to investigate the transmission dynamics of infectious agents, such as identifying sources of infection or tracking the spread of antibiotic resistance.

Medicinal plants are defined as those plants that contain naturally occurring chemical compounds which can be used for therapeutic purposes, either directly or indirectly. These plants have been used for centuries in various traditional systems of medicine, such as Ayurveda, Chinese medicine, and Native American medicine, to prevent or treat various health conditions.

Medicinal plants contain a wide variety of bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, and saponins, among others. These compounds have been found to possess various pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.

Medicinal plants can be used in various forms, including whole plant material, extracts, essential oils, and isolated compounds. They can be administered through different routes, such as oral, topical, or respiratory, depending on the desired therapeutic effect.

It is important to note that while medicinal plants have been used safely and effectively for centuries, they should be used with caution and under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Some medicinal plants can interact with prescription medications or have adverse effects if used inappropriately.

"Animal nutritional physiological phenomena" is not a standardized medical or scientific term. However, it seems to refer to the processes and functions related to nutrition and physiology in animals. Here's a breakdown of the possible components:

1. Animal: This term refers to non-human living organisms that are multicellular, heterotrophic, and have a distinct nervous system.
2. Nutritional: This term pertains to the nourishment and energy requirements of an animal, including the ingestion, digestion, absorption, transportation, metabolism, and excretion of nutrients.
3. Physiological: This term refers to the functions and processes that occur within a living organism, including the interactions between different organs and systems.
4. Phenomena: This term generally means an observable fact or event.

Therefore, "animal nutritional physiological phenomena" could refer to the observable events and processes related to nutrition and physiology in animals. Examples of such phenomena include digestion, absorption, metabolism, energy production, growth, reproduction, and waste elimination.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Kazakhstan" is not a medical term or concept. It is the world's largest landlocked country, located in Central Asia. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help with those!

Better Lives Through Livestock by ILRI Livestock - New South Wales Government Havana Livestock Fair (Photo Feature) - Havana ... For example, the Livestock Mandatory Reporting Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-78, Title IX) defines livestock only as cattle, swine, and ... Broadly, livestock refers to any population of animals kept by humans for a useful, commercial purpose. Micro-livestock is the ... Horses are considered livestock in the United States. The USDA classifies pork, veal, beef, and lamb (mutton) as livestock, and ...
... was founded in 2015 by Ntuthuko Shezi who is still the CEO. In 2017 Livestock Wealth won the South African ... Livestock Wealth is a South African-based crowdfunding company that focuses on funding for cattle. The company connects ...
... is a technique for marking livestock so as to identify the owner. Originally, livestock branding only ... Outside of the livestock industry, hot branding was used in 2003 by tortoise researchers to provide a permanent means of unique ... Livestock branding has been practiced in Australia since 1866, but after 1897 owners had to register their brands. These fire ... Besides livestock, freeze branding can also be used on wild, hairless animals such as dolphins for purposes of tracking ...
Cattle and livestock handling equipment - Cattle Chutes and Cattle Equipment". www.bowmanenterprisesnet.com. "Sweeps & Alleys ... ISBN 0-7301-0040-5. "The "Livestock Controller" crush, designed to prevent kicking". Archived from the original on 22 October ... or other livestock safely while they are examined, marked, or given veterinary treatment. Cows may be made to suckle calves in ...
Dehorning is the process of removing the horns of livestock. Cattle, sheep, and goats are sometimes dehorned for economic and ... Although polling is common among cattle and sheep, some varieties of livestock species cannot easily be bred to lack horns ... In 2018 a referendum was held in Switzerland on providing additional subsidies to farmers that did not dehorn their livestock ( ... Horned livestock are better able to defend themselves and their young from predators such as wolves and dogs. Horns provide a ...
... were a historical Swedish tax, originating as early as 1539 but which from 1620 were paid out with certain ... As early as 1642, the livestock allowance became a standing property tax, two thaler per mantal, and amounted to the mantal ... With other basic taxes, the livestock money was written off in accordance with decisions by the Riksdags in 1885 and 1892. ... smaller amounts for various livestock animals and for acres of seed on every homestead in Sweden. ...
... is the movement of livestock, by road, rail, ship, or air. Livestock are transported for many reasons ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Livestock transport. Skaggs, J. M. 1986. Prime Cut: Livestock Raising and Meatpacking in ... livestock transportation has been the subject of legislation seeking to secure the wellbeing of livestock, either by imposing ... Livestock fatalities during sea shipments would often be 50% or more, which was attributed to poor feed supply, overcrowding, ...
Livestock can also be passively mustered by trap yards (Au) or holding corrals (US), which are set up at points where ... A muster (Au/NZ) or a roundup (US/Ca) is the process of gathering livestock. Musters usually involve cattle, sheep or horses, ... Sometimes quiet coaxers (coachers) are used to assist in the mustering and droving of wild or feral livestock. One of the most ... Due to the time and distance involved, not only did livestock and cowboys have to endure rough terrain and extreme weather, ...
Livestock. (AMSA MO 43) Livestock ship in record voyage with 22000 animals Campaigns - Naturewatch Media related to Livestock ... A livestock carrier is a large ship used in the live export of sheep, cattle and goats. They are specially built new or ... Closed livestock carriers - in which more or less all of the animals pens are located within the holds and internal decks of ... Open livestock carriers - in which all, or most, of the animal pens are installed on open decks. In theory, this provides ...
... is a 1975 live album by Roy Buchanan released on Polydor. The album documents a show consisting of blues standards ... Live Stock is, reportedly, one of two Buchanan albums that influenced Jeff Beck, who dedicated a song to Buchanan on his 1975 ... "Live Stock - Roy Buchanan , Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved May 21, 2021. (Articles with short description, Short description is ...
Livestock on Plague Language Livestock on Rate Your Music Livestock discography at Discogs (Articles with short description, ... Benjamin Reeve, better known by his stage name Livestock, is a rapper from Guelph, Ontario. Livestock was a long-time member of ... Livestock created and released over 1000 copies of both The Train Rawbers and Spiral Like the 9 and over 500 copies of most of ... In 2018, Livestock removed all of his own music from the internet due to concerns regarding the political views of some of his ...
Official website Livestock at IMDb Livestock at AllMovie v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different ... Livestock was made on a low budget and filming began in Boston, Massachusetts in 2007. In August 2009 R-Squared Films acquired ... Livestock is a 2009 American independent horror film directed by Christopher Di Nunzio. From a screenplay by Di Nunzio. ... It was for their work in "Livestock" (2009). The festival was August 27-30th 2009, San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A. ...
ISBN 978-1-58017-667-5. 3. "Livestock." Livestock , San Antonio Stock Show & Rodeo, www.sarodeo.com/livestock. 4. Judging ... A livestock show is an event where livestock are exhibited and judged on certain phenotypical breed traits as specified by ... Species of livestock that may be shown include pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, llamas and alpacas. Poultry such as chickens ... A livestock show may be part of an agricultural show. Ekarius, Carol (2008). Storey's Illustrated Breed Guide to Sheep, Goats, ...
Livestock may also refer to: Livestock (Brand X album), 1977 Livestock (Fraternity album), 1971 Livestock (film), a 2009 ... Look up livestock in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Livestock is one or more domesticated animals raised in an agricultural ... "Livestock", sixth chapter of the Qur'an This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Livestock. If an ... American independent horror film Livestock (rapper), a rapper and hip-hop artist from Guelph, Ontario Al-An'am, " ...
... are livestock without horns in species which are normally horned. The term refers to both breeds and strains ... other livestock and equipment. Horns may also interfere with equipment used with livestock (such as a cattle crush), or they ... Polled livestock are preferred by many farmers for a variety of reasons, the foremost being that horns can pose a physical ... Livestock dehorning Castration Docking List of cattle breeds List of domestic Asian water buffalo breeds List of sheep breeds ...
Polled livestock, for information on naturally or mechanically dehorned animals Bennett, Deb. Principles of Conformation ...
... is the ability to trace livestock from birth to the consuming public. This process usually ... Source verification allows record keeping of livestock including health records, feed records, and genetic history. In the ... and genetic history of individual livestock. The record keeping and traceability process continues from slaughter through ...
A cattle feeder is a farmer who buys or rears cattle to add weight and quality to the cattle for the meat industry. Optimal Contracting and Vertical Coordination in the Beef Industry 0549451803 2007 "While the primary duty of a feedlot operator is to add weight to the live animal, a cattle feeder is also responsible for the growth rate, feed efficiency, and potential yield and quality of the carcass. " v t e (Agricultural occupations, All stub articles, Agriculture stubs ...
... was a Panamanian-registered livestock carrier which sank 100 nautical miles (185 km) west of Amami ÅŒshima ... "MPI launches independent review into livestock shipments after Gulf Livestock 1 tragedy". Radio New Zealand. 11 September 2020 ... In 2019, she was renamed for the last time to Gulf Livestock 1. She had a gross tonnage of 6,370 GT and a deadweight tonnage of ... "Gulf Livestock 1 (9262883)". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 4 September 2020. "Cargo ship with 43 crew and nearly 6,000 cattle ...
Tropical Livestock Units (TLU) Archived 2011-02-23 at the Wayback Machine. Paper about livestock units from Livestock and ... Livestock grazing comparison is a method of comparing the numbers and density of livestock grazing in agriculture. Various ... Indicators to monitor trends in livestock production at national, regional and international levels, Livestock Research for ... For small livestock there are corresponding conversions. Depending on the quality of the Alp or Alm a full Stoß may require ...
... horses and other livestock. Manger Feeder allows cattle, sheep, horses to eat more 'effectively' by design v t e (Livestock, ...
... , or LIC, is a New Zealand multinational farmer-owned co-operative which, for more than 100 ... Livestock Improvement Corporation. Frykberg, Erik (19 February 2020). "LIC makes $109m bid for similar agri tech business in ...
Livestock was re-released for the first time on CD in 1998 with an alternative cover and three bonus tracks. "Livestock" (Mick ... Livestock is the first album by Australian rock band Fraternity, released in 1971. Livestock is a largely progressive and ... Livestock". AllMusic. Retrieved 10 July 2017. Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970-1992 (illustrated ed.). St Ives, N ... "Livestock" - 3:39 "Summerville" - 4:22 "Raglan's Folly" - 6:02 "Cool Spot" - 4:53 "Grand Canyon Suites" - 4:53 "Jupiter's ...
... (M&LA) is an independent company which regulates standards for meat and livestock management in ... "Meat and Livestock Australia Limited (MLA)". ses.library.usyd.edu.au. Retrieved 8 November 2020. "Meat and Livestock Australia ... "Working at MEAT & LIVESTOCK AUSTRALIA". Glassdoor. Retrieved 10 November 2020. "Australian Meat and Live‑stock Industry Act ... Australian Meat & Livestock Corporation Meat Research Corporation "Meat & Livestock Australia moves from spreadsheet to cloud ...
A livestock guardian dog (LGD) is a dog type bred for the purpose of protecting livestock from predators. Livestock guardian ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Livestock guardian dogs. Livestock Guardian Dog Association Livestock and Wolves: A ... Nonetheless, livestock breeding remains an important part of agriculture, and livestock guardian dogs are still the most ... and some drift away from the livestock. These differing roles are often complementary in terms of protecting livestock, and ...
... is an assessment of research, taking into account direct impacts of livestock production, along with ... Livestock's long shadow (PDF) (Report). FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-105571-7. Retrieved 27 September 2019. "Livestock a major threat to ... The results of Livestock's Long Shadow had an error in methodology as the authors only evaluated the tailpipe emissions of cars ... Livestock and greenhouse gas emissions: The importance of getting the numbers right by Herrero et al". Animal Feed Science and ...
The livestock quota system is still being used today. Peter Iverson, Dine: A History of the Navajos, 2002, University of New ... The Navajo Livestock Reduction was imposed by the United States government upon the Navajo Nation in the 1930s, during the ... A reduction of livestock was against many Navajo traditions, and destroyed a main source of income. For example, the Navajo ... He suggested a minor reduction in livestock, with an emphasis upon the number of goats. He believed the Navajo way of life was ...
A pen was a livestock farm on the Island of Jamaica. Pen-keeping included the breeding of cattle, horses, mules, sheep and ... 1-164 Shepherd, Verene A., The effects of the abolition of slavery on Jamaican livestock farms (pens), 1834-1845, 2008 Shepherd ...
... Accessed March 019. "Conservation Priority Livestock Breeds 2011" (PDF). American Livestock Breeds ... The Livestock Conservancy has been instrumental in preserving live populations of many rare livestock breeds in the US. In the ... The Livestock Conservancy, formerly known as the American Livestock Breeds Conservancy (ALBC) and prior to that, the American ... Retrieved 2011-06-03.[permanent dead link] "The Livestock Conservancy Staff". The Livestock Conservancy. Retrieved 2023-04-25 ...
... are a bundle of rights that would support the survival of small-scale livestock keepers such as ... Livestock Keepers shall have the right to effectively access information on issues related to their local breeds and livestock ... Declaration on Livestock Keepers' Rights[1] New guidelines for livestock keepers' rights. Rights to animal genetic resources ... In the context of the current anti-livestock agenda and the claim by commercial interests that livestock will be eliminated by ...
Immerse yourself in the heart of Texas tradition at the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo. Explore exhilarating rodeo events, ... Livestock Care. Since 1932, the Houston Livestock Show has encouraged and promoted the breeding, raising and marketing of the ... Since the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo began in 1932, more than $600 million has been committed to the youth of Texas and ... Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo™ raises a glass to the 2024 Rodeo Uncorked!® International Wine Competition Winners. ...
Better Lives Through Livestock by ILRI Livestock - New South Wales Government Havana Livestock Fair (Photo Feature) - Havana ... For example, the Livestock Mandatory Reporting Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-78, Title IX) defines livestock only as cattle, swine, and ... Broadly, livestock refers to any population of animals kept by humans for a useful, commercial purpose. Micro-livestock is the ... Horses are considered livestock in the United States. The USDA classifies pork, veal, beef, and lamb (mutton) as livestock, and ...
What are goals of the Interisland Livestock Shipper Certification?. *. Provide basic guidance to new livestock shippers to keep ... What is the Interisland Livestock Shipper Certification?. *. The Interisland Livestock Shipper Certification is an online ... Demonstrate to community that the livestock industry is proactive in ensuring safe livestock shipping. ... Please contact you local CTAHR Livestock Extension Agent. **. Hawaii or Kauai County - Melelani Oshiro , [email protected] , ( ...
Reducing the amount of antibiotics given to livestock in Denmark has lowered the amount of drug-resistant Enterococcus faecium ... Between 1994 and 2000, Danish livestock farmers reduced their annual, nationwide use of antibiotics in livestock feed from 200 ... 50 years ago, scientists first investigated antibiotic resistance in livestock By Jonathan Lambert. June 26, 2020. ...
... profitability and sustainability through better livestock breeding and management practices. ... We work with livestock farmers and allied industries to improve their productivity, ... Livestock Our livestock research. We work with livestock farmers and allied industries to improve their productivity, ... Increasing livestock efficiency, productivity and sustainability. The success and efficiency of Australias multi-billion ...
What day are you coming to The Big E? Stop by the Mallary Complex to see these animals ...
Livestock Identification. Oregon Department of Agriculture / Programs / Animal Health, Feeds, and Livestock ID / Livestock ... Livestock Brand Application. The form used to request a new livestock brand. Requires 1) applicant name and address, 2) sketch ... Submit a livestock brand application to ODA and include a $25.00 fee for each species to be branded per location. Please see ... If you wish to obtain a paper or CD copy, send a letter of request with your physical address and the fee to the Livestock ...
In 2006, the government approved a national livestock policy based on the premise that the livestock industry has an important ... how does the role of livestock vary with different levels of income and well-being?; how are livestock holding size and ... Livestock and livelihoods in rural Tanzania A descriptive analysis of the 2009 National Panel Survey. ... The report attempts to answer basic questions such as: to what extent is keeping livestock an activity of the relatively better ...
Learn how much Livestock Nutrition Center employees earn in bonuses from data reported by real employees. See how you compare ... Livestock Nutrition Center provides retirement savings plans. To help guarantee a dependable source of cash later in life, many ...
Grazing livestock can ingest PFAS from PFAS-affected soil and from plants growing in that soil. Currently there is no ... If livestock have been consuming feed or water with elevated levels of PFAS, will their products be contaminated? ... At this time, it is recommended that drinking water for pets and livestock meet the same safety standards as those for people. ... Just because your farm is near a site where PFAS has been detected does not necessarily mean your livestock have been exposed ...
Vessels designed to carry live animals. Ventilation and drain systems are of crucial concern. They are usually converted second-hand ships used to carry live sheep from Australia to the Gulf.
Livestock Agriculture Logo Design.Creative and Vintage logo design.Perfect for many agriculture creative business company.Ready ... animals business farming fruit green harvest leaf livestock organic plant vegetables vintage green field nature natural chicken ...
... was 117 US Dollars PPP = 2004-2006. Discover more data with NationMaster! ... How does Albania rank in Livestock Gross Production Index?. #. 209 Countries. US Dollars PPP = 2004-2006. Last. YoY. 5‑years ... Since 2014, Albania Livestock Gross Production Index increased 1% year on year. At $116.57 PPP = 2004-2006 in 2019, the country ... Albania - Livestock Gross Production Index US Dollars PPP = 2004-2006 - 1961 to 2019 ...
Stay informed with the latest red meat and livestock industry news, events, research and marketing. ... Stay informed with the latest red meat and livestock industry news, events, research and marketing. ...
Get free shipping on qualified Livestock Supplies products or Buy Online Pick Up in Store today in the Outdoors Department. ... All Livestock Supplies can be shipped to you at home.. What are a few brands that you carry in Livestock Supplies?. We carry ... Whats the price range for Livestock Supplies?. The average price for Livestock Supplies ranges from $10 to $700.. What are the ... Whats the top-selling product within Livestock Supplies?. The top-selling product within Livestock Supplies is the FARMGARD ...
ARS Home » News & Events » News Articles » Research News » 2021 » Truce Between Prairie Dogs and Livestock Farmers? ... While the reductions in weight gain were smaller than expected, they still represent an economic loss for livestock producers. ... There is more work to be done with grazing management and development of conservation-focused measures to manage livestock ... Truce Between Prairie Dogs and Livestock Farmers?. Contact: Maribel Alonso. Email: [email protected] ...
Daniel Miller arrived in early April 2015 to provide training to AP Agro Livestock Research Company Pvt. Ltd. members and ... Six other youth goat farmers associated with AP Agro Livestock Research Company Pvt. Ltd. increased their incomes by over $200 ... livestock, Nepal, people-to-people exchange, volunteer, volunteerism, Winrock Volunteers, women ... livestock, patriotism, people-to-people exchange, volunteer, volunteerism, Winrock, Winrock Volunteers ...
All posts tagged with livestock feed. * Livestock producers now just DAYS away from running out of animal feed due to supply ... in: Animal Feed,antioxidants,food waste,functional food,livestock feed,Pet food,recycling,tomato nutrients,tomato seeds,tomato ... in: agriculture,Animal Feed,Collapse,failing infrastructure,food collapse,food supply,grain shipments,hunger,livestock, ... The latest complaint comes from the livestock industry, which says it is just days away from an animal feed crisis […] ...
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But more work is needed to find out if theres a link between the workers who carry livestock-related staph in their noses and ... Livestock Workers May Carry Staph Bacteria from Pigs. News By Megan Gannon ... Workers who handle livestock may carry antibiotic-resistant bacteria in their noses after they leave the farm. ... There is now even a livestock-associated strain of MRSA, a bacterial strain that, in humans, can cause debilitating, sometimes ...
Threat to Livestock. Biosecurity threats come from the possible introduction of a disease into a herd or flock, which is not ... Biosecurity in Livestock Production. Biosecurity Explained The broad meaning of biosecurity literally means the safety of ... Livestock producers need to be concerned about two major types of disease. Most producers are very familiar with the so-called ... Disease Transmission in Livestock. The most common method of disease transmission is by contact of a susceptible animal with an ...
Agroscope recently acquired a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry device (DXA). This device was originally developed for human medicine, for the early detection of osteoporosis. The technology is non-invasive, thus enabling the measurement of total body composition on the living animal, in order to follow growth. Currently being used in a research project on protein nutrition, the DXA device can also be used to measure bone density, thereby providing important information on mineral (i.e. calcium and phosphorus) nutrition.. Several models based on the total body composition of fattening pigs and at present used to define feeding recommendations date from 30 years ago. Since then, both the fattening pigs and their diet have changed considerably. The animals are substantially fleshier today than in the past. The future revision of feed recommendations is intended to take this development into account.. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. ...
ARCHIVED ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 02/11/1994 ...
https://www.mediafire.com/file/60bjwvg137ueoto/DSSSB-Veterinary-and-Livestock-Inspector-Question-Paper-2021-Hindi.pdf/file. . ...
Agricultural and Livestock Production was published in Economic History of Spain on page 505. ... Agricultural and Livestock Production. In Economic History of Spain (pp. 505-523). Princeton: Princeton University Press. https ... Agricultural and Livestock Production. In: Economic History of Spain. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 1969. p.505-523. ... Agricultural and Livestock Production". Economic History of Spain, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969, pp. 505-523. ...
Auction listing for Decatur Livestock Auction, based in Decatur, AR ...
A brown bear that broke into an unsecured chicken coop near Tee Harbor was shot and killed after it reportedly charged a wildlife trooper. Its the second recorded killing of a brown bear near Juneau this year.. ...
A new report says the livestock sectors use of nitrogen offers great potential to promote better environmental stewardship and ... The report by the Centre for Innovation Excellence in Livestock (CIEL) has identified that the livestock sector can use ... Ruminant livestock, such as cattle and sheep, play a key role in producing high-quality protein for human nutrition. It is ... Dr Mark Young, innovation specialist at CIEL, said the report has identified that the livestock sector can use nitrogen more ...
The Livestock Diversity Forum to Defend Food Sovereignty and Livestock Keepers Rights met in Wilderswil, Switzerland, and ... The industrial livestock breeding and production system that is being imposed on the world requires high levels of investment ... They point out that the dominant model of production is based on a dangerously narrow genetic base of livestock that is propped ... Consequences of the livestock industrys globalization include the threat to sustainable development and global food security, ...
  • The Houston Livestock Show and Rodeoâ„¢ promotes agriculture by hosting an annual, family-friendly experience that educates and entertains the public, supports Texas youth, showcases Western heritage and provides year-round educational support within the community. (rodeohouston.com)
  • Since the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo began in 1932, more than $600 million has been committed to the youth of Texas and education. (rodeohouston.com)
  • Pay tribute to the entertainers that have performed on the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo Star Stage, starting with Gene Autry in 1942. (rodeohouston.com)
  • I wanted to thank you for you support of me and my college career through the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo Scholarship. (rodeohouston.com)
  • Sign up for the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo Newsletter! (rodeohouston.com)
  • A descriptive analysis of the characteristics of small rural livestock owners and their production practices is provided in section four, which highlights the heterogeneity of the households engaged in the livestock sector and presents evidence of the sector's importance to rural livelihoods in terms of both income and consumption. (fao.org)
  • Between 1994 and 2000, Danish livestock farmers reduced their annual, nationwide use of antibiotics in livestock feed from 200 to 50 tons. (sciencenews.org)
  • We work with livestock farmers and allied industries to improve their productivity, profitability and sustainability through better livestock breeding and management practices. (www.csiro.au)
  • We're helping farmers improve future generations of their livestock, hence improving farm sustainability and productivity and the quality of livestock products such as meat and wool. (www.csiro.au)
  • This report presents an analysis of rural livelihoods in Tanzania, with particular emphasis on the livestock sub-sector, smallholder farmers' living standards, and issues with access to productive assets. (fao.org)
  • Six other youth goat farmers associated with AP Agro Livestock Research Company Pvt. (winrock.org)
  • Truce Between Prairie Dogs and Livestock Farmers? (usda.gov)
  • ARS Home » News & Events » News Articles » Research News » 2021 » Truce Between Prairie Dogs and Livestock Farmers? (usda.gov)
  • Should farmers emphasize wheat or livestock in north central South Dakota? (upenn.edu)
  • I met with pastoralists, dairy farmers, agrovets (small shops selling livestock and farm inputs), dairy cooperatives, non-profits, professional organizations, and government officials to learn more about the sector. (nextbillion.net)
  • Despite the value that livestock offers BoP farmers and producers, it became apparent to me, at least in Kenya, that many areas of the sector still could be enhanced. (nextbillion.net)
  • In some periods, "cattle" and "livestock" have been used interchangeably. (wikipedia.org)
  • Today,[specify] the modern meaning of cattle is domesticated bovines, while livestock has a wider sense. (wikipedia.org)
  • Building upon our extensive global leadership in understanding the genomes of cattle and sheep, we increase the rate and capture of genetic improvement in key economic and functional livestock traits. (www.csiro.au)
  • Because prairie dog colonies or "towns" can consist of hundreds to thousands of individuals and can vary widely in size from a few up to thousands of acres, ranchers often take numerous measures to prevent black-tailed prairie dogs from occupying too much of their land and competing with their cattle for forage, as this could affect livestock weight gains and reproduction rates. (usda.gov)
  • Cattle are the biggest source of greenhouse gases, accounting for more than three-quarters of all emissions from global livestock, a survey shows. (bbc.com)
  • The assessment, funded by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), produced a global dataset of cattle, small ruminants, pigs and poultry, as well as milk, meat and eggs for 28 regions. (bbc.com)
  • Ruminant livestock, such as cattle and sheep, play a key role in producing high-quality protein for human nutrition. (heraldscotland.com)
  • Livestock (e.g., cattle, swine, sheep, goat) and poultry producers are key in helping to reduce the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • New information was collected on cystic echinococcosis in livestock ( camels , cattle and sheep ) and humans in the central region of Sudan . (bvsalud.org)
  • Records were made of the sizes of the 1320 hydatid cysts detected in the livestock (907 in sheep , 71 in cattle , and 342 in camels ), whether or not each cyst was fertile, and where it occurred in the body of the host. (bvsalud.org)
  • [ 1 ] Poison hemlock causes skeletal deformities in the offspring of livestock that eat the plants during gestation (eg, crooked calf disease in cattle). (medscape.com)
  • The breeding, maintenance, slaughter and general subjugation of livestock, called animal husbandry, is a part of modern agriculture and has been practiced in many cultures since humanity's transition to farming from hunter-gatherer lifestyles. (wikipedia.org)
  • If a livestock owner elects to brand, the brand must be registered with the Oregon Department of Agriculture (ODA). (oregon.gov)
  • Livestock Agriculture Logo Design. (templatemonster.com)
  • Amadou Makhtar Diop is a highly experienced and passionate regenerative agriculture professional focusing on applied agricultural science, food systems, natural resources management, and the integration of livestock and crop production. (winrock.org)
  • Call it the downside of globalized agriculture: As nations get hooked on imported hamburgers, foreign hams, and other specialty meats, they increase the risk of spreading livestock-borne diseases around the world. (csmonitor.com)
  • Although the answers are not clear-cut, they suggest the United States and other countries with strong agriculture inspection and protection measures may be able to keep such livestock diseases at bay. (csmonitor.com)
  • The Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture (MEWA) issued a ban on the import of livestock from Türkiye last March due to foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in the country. (zawya.com)
  • SWCC offers three programs-- ag business , ag business (for transfer) , crop production , or livestock production --directed toward preparing you for the workforce, or you may complete the Associate of Arts degree with an agriculture major if your goal is to transfer and earn a bachelor's degree. (swcciowa.edu)
  • Livestock numbers and red meat prices have been a critical issue for the current administration of the Turkish Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock (MinFAL) as they try to address the public's concern for high red meat prices and their impact on food inflation, which has been exacerbated by the devaluation of the Turkish Lira against the Dollar and Euro. (usda.gov)
  • Microsoft has partnered with supply-chain software vendor ViaTrace and a nonprofit livestock producers group to launch a database intended to track diseased animals in the U.S. and reduce consumer fears. (networkworld.com)
  • The ViaTrace database will allow livestock producers and government officials to track diseased animals and avoid wide-scale bans of exports to countries that consume U.S. meat, said Charles Miller, chairman of the U.S. Animal Identification Organization (USAIO), a new group representing regional identification organizations and beef and bison producer groups. (networkworld.com)
  • Pilot projects using the Web-accessible ViaTrace database have been under way in 17 states, and participants plan to allow individual livestock producers to enter their animals into the database by the third quarter of this year. (networkworld.com)
  • In this second phase of the project, livestock producers will be able to enter animal information using mobile handheld devices, PCs, telephones or paper forms, the project's organizers said. (networkworld.com)
  • U.S. Representative Pete Sessions (R-Texas) praised the project, saying a voluntary system will work better than government mandates on livestock producers. (networkworld.com)
  • While the reductions in weight gain were smaller than expected, they still represent an economic loss for livestock producers. (usda.gov)
  • Livestock producers need to be concerned about two major types of disease. (gov.mb.ca)
  • For the livestock producers I talked with in rural Kenya, animals are their savings. (nextbillion.net)
  • This includes moving toward decentralizing the animal health system, providing insurance to producers, and educating livestock producers. (nextbillion.net)
  • Although decentralization will require more systematic change that needs to come from the government (and is playing out now - a bill awaiting the president's signature denies animal health technicians the right to treat animals despite the fact that they are trained to do so), providing insurance and educating livestock producers are gaps BoP ventures can fill. (nextbillion.net)
  • For example, if a BoP enterprise offered reasonable animal insurance, it could greatly reduce the impact a range of external factors have on livestock producers including: variable weather, conflict, and reduced purchasing power. (nextbillion.net)
  • However, I was most struck by how little information livestock producers have regarding how to prevent and treat disease in their animals. (nextbillion.net)
  • Additionally, there are a large number counterfeits and illegal drugs passing through Kenya's borders that are sold on a regular basis, making it even more difficult for livestock producers to navigate the plethora of drugs in the market. (nextbillion.net)
  • Livestock producers, especially pastoralists, also would benefit from modest training on low cost practices, such as how to keep smaller herds of healthier animals, as opposed to large herds of sick animals, which are vulnerable to opportunistic diseases. (nextbillion.net)
  • Tennessee Junior Livestock Sheep Exposition give 4-H and FFA members a chance to show their market lambs, commercial ewes, and purebred lambs. (ourcoop.com)
  • Tennessee Junior Livestock Sheep Exposition will be held on October 27 - 28, 2023 a the Hyder-Burks Pavilion in Cookeville. (ourcoop.com)
  • Livestock farming practices have largely shifted to intensive animal farming. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Interisland Livestock Shipper Certification is an online training that briefly covers best management practices for interisland ocean transport of livestock in the state of Hawaii. (google.com)
  • We are working to ensure that livestock production systems are managed through ethical and socially acceptable practices that reduce the incidence and level of diseases, stress and pain in farm animals. (www.csiro.au)
  • A new report says the livestock sector's use of nitrogen offers great potential to promote better environmental stewardship and sustainable agricultural practices, enhancing global food security. (heraldscotland.com)
  • During the program, students obtain knowledge of current practices in the livestock industry, gaining confidence in being able to raise, produce, or market livestock. (swcciowa.edu)
  • demonstrate knowledge in the areas of modern livestock husbandry and management practices. (swcciowa.edu)
  • apply management practices to produce livestock products in a profitable manner. (swcciowa.edu)
  • Our data allows us to see more clearly where we can work with livestock keepers to improve animal diets so they can produce more protein with better feed while simultaneously reducing emissions,' explained co-author Petr Havlik, a research scholar at the International Institute for Applied System Analysis (IIASA). (bbc.com)
  • Micro-livestock does not generally include fish (aquaculture) or chickens (poultry farming). (wikipedia.org)
  • The environment inside our livestock and poultry houses is important for maintaining a productive and healthy herd or flock. (iastate.edu)
  • For example, they showed that most of the 1.3bn tonnes of grain consumed by livestock was fed to farm animals - primarily pigs and poultry - in Europe, North America, Eastern China and Latin America. (bbc.com)
  • Livestock are the domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting in order to provide labour and produce diversified products for consumption such as meat, eggs, milk, fur, leather, and wool. (wikipedia.org)
  • Stay informed with the latest red meat and livestock industry news, events, research and marketing. (mla.com.au)
  • While Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Russia, and Austria enacted bans on French meat and livestock, Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, Norway, and the US took the extraordinary step of imposing bans on meat from the entire European Union (EU). (csmonitor.com)
  • Its authors gathered data on what farm animals were eating in different parts of the world, how efficiently the feed was converted into milk, eggs and meat, and the volume of greenhouse gases the livestock produced. (bbc.com)
  • It added that the low energy conversion ratio from feed to meat is another concern, since some of the cereal grain food produced is diverted to livestock production. (bbc.com)
  • Broadly, livestock refers to any population of animals kept by humans for a useful, commercial purpose. (wikipedia.org)
  • There is now even a livestock-associated strain of MRSA, a bacterial strain that, in humans, can cause debilitating, sometimes deadly, infections and is known for spreading among hospital patients. (livescience.com)
  • Cystic echinococcosis of livestock and humans in central Sudan. (bvsalud.org)
  • Both water hemlock and poison hemlock have caused severe poisoning in both humans and livestock. (medscape.com)
  • As a registrant, packer, or swine contractor, whenever you buy, sell, acquire, pay, or settle livestock transactions on a weight basis, you must base payment or settlement on the actual weight of the livestock shown on the scale ticket. (usda.gov)
  • and to what extent do the non-income services of livestock (for example, manure, draught power) benefit crop production? (fao.org)
  • Nitrogen also may be lost from the cycle as a greenhouse gas, called nitrous oxide or an air pollutant such as ammonia which is normally released from livestock manure. (heraldscotland.com)
  • Enhanced antimicrobial stewardship (setting standards for diagnosis of livestock quality and use diseases and antimicrobial use, strengthening recording and reporting system, capacity building of field staff) is urgently needed to prevent misuse of of antimicrobials that are of significance in animal and human health. (who.int)
  • 2018-22) advocates for the surveillance of livestock diseases , judicious use and Public Health 2022 , 19 , 5294. (who.int)
  • monitoring of antimicrobial agents used in the treatment of livestock diseases. (who.int)
  • turaybangfatmataisatu@gmail were trained on the routine recording and reporting systems on livestock .com diseases and antimicrobial use. (who.int)
  • Our goal is to provide the data needed so that the debate over the role of livestock in our diets, our environments and the search for solutions to the challenges they present can be informed by the vastly different ways people around the world raise animals. (bbc.com)
  • The crippling restrictions have not only stopped the traditional annual migration of the desert's dwellers, or Tharis, to adjoining districts in search of water and fodder for the livestock - their main source of livelihood, which accounts for 80% of the local economy - but has also barred the transportation of fodder from nearby districts. (com.pk)
  • Since 1932, the Houston Livestock Show has encouraged and promoted the breeding, raising and marketing of the livestock industry in the Texas Gulf Coast region. (rodeohouston.com)
  • Demonstrate to community that the livestock industry is proactive in ensuring safe livestock shipping. (google.com)
  • The ID project "has the potential to make such a large impact on the livestock industry and the public at large," said Pat Arnold, CTO of Microsoft's public sector division. (networkworld.com)
  • In 2006, the government approved a national livestock policy based on the premise that the livestock industry has an important role to play in building a strong national economy and in the process, reducing inequalities among Tanzanians by increasing their incomes and employment opportunities. (fao.org)
  • How does Albania perform in the Livestock industry? (nationmaster.com)
  • The clearest trend is that the livestock industry is going global. (csmonitor.com)
  • With nitrogen being a fundamental component of agricultural systems, the Why Nitrogen Matters in Livestock Production Report seeks to understand how the industry can better utilise nitrogen and encourage effective nitrogen cycling. (heraldscotland.com)
  • At the ARS Center for Agricultural Resources Research in Fort Collins, Colorado, scientists David Augustine and Justin Derner conducted two studies to evaluate how livestock performance is affected by grazing competition with prairie dogs. (usda.gov)
  • Basically, this site collects together video classes that can be used to teach students and people who are to act as judges on livestock contests how to evaluate livestock correctly. (killerstartups.com)
  • evaluate various types of livestock and their nutritional and economic contributions nationally and globally. (swcciowa.edu)
  • how important are input and output markets for small livestock keepers? (fao.org)
  • As for emissions, livestock in South Asia, Latin America, Europe and sub-Saharan Africa had the highest regional totals. (bbc.com)
  • Using our modeling tools and scenario analysis, we examined how the livestock sector will adapt to climate impacts on feed crops, changing demand for livestock products, as well as the global commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to limit global warming to 1.5 C," explains Amanda Palazzo, a researcher in the IIASA Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program. (newswise.com)
  • We are also working on the development and application of new technologies with potential to improve the efficiency and cost effectiveness of livestock production systems through enhanced measurement, monitoring, movement and management of animals and their environment. (www.csiro.au)
  • Since 2014, Albania Livestock Gross Production Index increased 1% year on year. (nationmaster.com)
  • At $116.57 PPP = 2004-2006 in 2019, the country was ranked number 105 comparing other countries in Livestock Gross Production Index. (nationmaster.com)
  • 34. Agricultural and Livestock Production" In Economic History of Spain , 505-523. (degruyter.com)
  • Livestock refers to animals reared in captivity and bred for commercial or primary production. (freelancer.com)
  • To get started in the Livestock Production program, fill out the online application for admission. (swcciowa.edu)
  • The livestock production program provides a blend of animal science courses and practical application, ensuring a well-rounded agricultural education. (swcciowa.edu)
  • Want to find out more about the Livestock Production program? (swcciowa.edu)
  • This may not be a complete list of courses that may be included for the Livestock Production program. (swcciowa.edu)
  • analyze sales and marketing techniques in livestock production. (swcciowa.edu)
  • Horses are considered livestock in the United States. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a result, it is important for ranchers to monitor prairie dog abundance, especially in dry years, and there is still a need for additional research on the interaction between prairie dogs and drought on livestock weight gains. (usda.gov)
  • Khatau Jani, a local journalist, endorsed Samoon's view, arguing that a lingering drought coupled with untimely rains and a recent onslaught by locusts in the region had led to a severe shortage of water and fodder for the livestock. (com.pk)
  • As an example, Torsten Krause highlights what happened 15 years ago when Brazil introduced laws to reduce deforestation: then many agricultural companies moved to Bolivia and Paraguay, where they razed large areas of forest to expand livestock farming. (lu.se)
  • Weighers must determine and record the true weight of livestock without prejudice or favor to any person. (usda.gov)
  • Micro-livestock is the term used for much-smaller animals, usually mammals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Provide basic guidance to new livestock shippers to keep personnel and animals safe and protect the integrity of livestock shippers. (google.com)
  • The success and efficiency of Australia's multi-billion dollar livestock industries are built upon the quality and performance of their animals. (www.csiro.au)
  • Most of the available information about the health effects of PFAS in pets and livestock is from studies in laboratory animals looking mainly at two PFAS: PFOA and PFOS. (michigan.gov)
  • The galvanized coating helps the fence materials resist weathering and rust.The FARMGARD Barbed Wire Fencing is double barbed with a 4-point design to help keep trespassers and unwanted animals out - and valuable livestock inside of a defined area. (homedepot.com)
  • Ali Akbar Rahimoo, head of local non-governmental organisation, Aware, which deals with water and livestock issues, fears that the shortage of water and fodder could affect the breeding of animals. (com.pk)
  • I've begun looking at animals differently since I took a deep dive into the livestock sector during a recent trip to Kenya. (nextbillion.net)
  • The livestock data were collected in abattoir -based surveys in the towns of Omdurman, Tamboul and Wad Madani, between 1998 and 2001, and covered a total of 8205 animals . (bvsalud.org)
  • We've developed many practical tools to assist Australia's rural sector, such as vaccines, diagnostic tests, treatments and mineral supplements which all contribute to better health and welfare for Australia's livestock. (www.csiro.au)
  • The report by the Centre for Innovation Excellence in Livestock (CIEL) has identified that the livestock sector can use nitrogen more effectively through an appreciation of the nitrogen cycle and consideration to monitoring and management of nitrogen resources. (heraldscotland.com)
  • Losses from the nitrogen cycle cannot be eliminated, so the livestock sector needs to exploit the opportunity to minimise losses and hold more nitrogen in the system. (heraldscotland.com)
  • To be honest, I am surprised that I haven't had more interaction with the livestock sector until now. (nextbillion.net)
  • Over time, the collective behaviour, lifecycle and physiology of livestock have changed radically. (wikipedia.org)
  • Livestock can be converted to cash whenever the producer needs more money, whereas farming offers less flexibility, i.e. most crops are seasonal with set periods for harvest. (nextbillion.net)
  • Feed, vehicles, visitors and other inputs are all capable of transmitting disease to the livestock herd. (gov.mb.ca)
  • The authors of the PNAS paper said there was not a globally uniform picture when it came to the amount of resources required to raise livestock or the environmental impact. (bbc.com)
  • 25% of the livestock had an infectious disease , all of them diagnosed without laboratory confirmation. (who.int)
  • USDA in January backed off a plan to have mandatory animal identification by 2009, but Miller said he believes a voluntary database will accomplish the goal ensuring livestock quality. (networkworld.com)
  • Any change of ownership rights to a livestock brand requires a transfer of brand ownership be completed through the ODA Livestock Identification Program. (oregon.gov)
  • If you wish to obtain a paper or CD copy, send a letter of request with your physical address and the fee to the Livestock Identification Program billing address. (oregon.gov)
  • Contact a veterinarian if you suspect that your pet or livestock is experiencing liver, kidney, immune response, or reproductive issues and your animal has had PFAS exposure. (michigan.gov)
  • The Denver Livestock Exchange was a nonprofit that oversaw livestock sales at the stockyards from 1906 to 1962. (9news.com)
  • Cassava as livestock feed in Africa : proceedings of the IITA/ILCA/University of Ibadan Workshop on the Potential Utilization of Cassava as Livestock Feed in Africa, 14-18 November 1988, Ibadan, Nigeria / S. K. Hahn, L. Reynolds and G. N. Egbunike, editors. (who.int)
  • LivestockJudging is a new educational resource aimed both at high school animal science teachers and college livestock judging team coaches. (killerstartups.com)
  • We provide an educational and competitive resource for high school animal science teachers and college livestock judging team coaches. (killerstartups.com)
  • Teachers and coaches use the videos to teach live animal evaluation which is used both in class rooms and in livestock judging contests throughout the year. (killerstartups.com)
  • how does the role of livestock vary with different levels of income and well-being? (fao.org)
  • A prolonged lockdown imposed by the government to stem the spread of the novel coronavirus poses a potential threat to the survival of hundreds of thousands of livestock in Thar Desert, according to local residents and experts. (com.pk)
  • how are livestock holding size and structure associated with differences in welfare, gender, and geography? (fao.org)
  • Lifetime health advisory levels for PFAS have not yet been formulated specifically for pets or livestock. (michigan.gov)
  • To arrange for livestock inspections, contact your local brand inspector or the Salem office. (oregon.gov)
  • The underlying model outputs used to inform the tool comes from the IIASA Global Biosphere Management Model (GLOBIOM) to examine the impacts of forward-looking socioeconomic trends, climate change, and environmental policies to quantify the financial risks and opportunities most material to the biggest livestock companies under three IPCC global warming scenarios, supplemented by data from the latest company disclosures. (newswise.com)
  • Features case studies primarily focusing on Ethiopia and Kenya to offer research from a variety of regional communities to explore issues of household sales behavior, price determinants, livestock market information systems, cross border and export marketing, and crisis period marketing. (google.com)
  • With a strong knowledge of transportation regulations, as well as experience with navigating complex logistical networks, Transport Operators ensure that all livestock makes its way to the intended destination on time and in good condition. (freelancer.com)
  • F2F Volunteer Dr. Daniel Miller arrived in early April 2015 to provide training to AP Agro Livestock Research Company Pvt. (winrock.org)
  • He was a researcher for the Pastoral Risk Management project of the Global Livestock Collaborative Research Support Program in Kenya. (google.com)
  • Workers who handle livestock may carry antibiotic-resistant bacteria in their noses after they leave the farm. (livescience.com)