The anterior concavity in the curvature of the lumbar and cervical spine as viewed from the side. The term usually refers to abnormally increased curvature (hollow back, saddle back, swayback). It does not include lordosis as normal mating posture in certain animals ( = POSTURE + SEX BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL).
Sexual activities of animals.
The position or attitude of the body.
Deformities of the SPINE characterized by an exaggerated convexity of the vertebral column. The forward bending of the thoracic region usually is more than 40 degrees. This deformity sometimes is called round back or hunchback.
Deformities of the SPINE characterized by abnormal bending or flexure in the vertebral column. They may be bending forward (KYPHOSIS), backward (LORDOSIS), or sideway (SCOLIOSIS).
The spinal or vertebral column.
VERTEBRAE in the region of the lower BACK below the THORACIC VERTEBRAE and above the SACRAL VERTEBRAE.
A nucleus of the middle hypothalamus, the largest cell group of the tuberal region with small-to-medium size cells.
An appreciable lateral deviation in the normally straight vertical line of the spine. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Five fused VERTEBRAE forming a triangle-shaped structure at the back of the PELVIS. It articulates superiorly with the LUMBAR VERTEBRAE, inferiorly with the COCCYX, and anteriorly with the ILIUM of the PELVIS. The sacrum strengthens and stabilizes the PELVIS.
Middle portion of the hypothalamus containing the arcuate, dorsomedial, ventromedial nuclei, the TUBER CINEREUM and the PITUITARY GLAND.
The space or compartment surrounded by the pelvic girdle (bony pelvis). It is subdivided into the greater pelvis and LESSER PELVIS. The pelvic girdle is formed by the PELVIC BONES and SACRUM.
Operative immobilization or ankylosis of two or more vertebrae by fusion of the vertebral bodies with a short bone graft or often with diskectomy or laminectomy. (From Blauvelt & Nelson, A Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 5th ed, p236; Dorland, 28th ed)
Region of the back including the LUMBAR VERTEBRAE, SACRUM, and nearby structures.
The first seven VERTEBRAE of the SPINAL COLUMN, which correspond to the VERTEBRAE of the NECK.
Examination of any part of the body for diagnostic purposes by means of X-RAYS or GAMMA RAYS, recording the image on a sensitized surface (such as photographic film).
A degenerative joint disease involving the SPINE. It is characterized by progressive deterioration of the spinal articular cartilage (CARTILAGE, ARTICULAR), usually with hardening of the subchondral bone and outgrowth of bone spurs (OSTEOPHYTE).
The surgical removal of one or both ovaries.
Deficient development or degeneration of a portion of the VERTEBRA, usually in the pars interarticularis (the bone bridge between the superior and inferior facet joints of the LUMBAR VERTEBRAE) leading to SPONDYLOLISTHESIS.
Region of hypothalamus between the ANTERIOR COMMISSURE and OPTIC CHIASM.
Bones that constitute each half of the pelvic girdle in VERTEBRATES, formed by fusion of the ILIUM; ISCHIUM; and PUBIC BONE.
Forward displacement of a superior vertebral body over the vertebral body below.
Excision, in part or whole, of an INTERVERTEBRAL DISC. The most common indication is disk displacement or herniation. In addition to standard surgical removal, it can be performed by percutaneous diskectomy (DISKECTOMY, PERCUTANEOUS) or by laparoscopic diskectomy, the former being the more common.
A group of twelve VERTEBRAE connected to the ribs that support the upper trunk region.
Internal devices used in osteosynthesis to hold the position of the fracture in proper alignment. By applying the principles of biomedical engineering, the surgeon uses metal plates, nails, rods, etc., for the correction of skeletal defects.
A degenerative spinal disease that can involve any part of the VERTEBRA, the INTERVERTEBRAL DISK, and the surrounding soft tissue.
Any of the 23 plates of fibrocartilage found between the bodies of adjacent VERTEBRAE.
The 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids.
Degenerative changes in the INTERVERTEBRAL DISC due to aging or structural damage, especially to the vertebral end-plates.
The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.
The joint that occurs between facets of the interior and superior articular processes of adjacent VERTEBRAE.
An outbred strain of rats developed in 1915 by crossing several Wistar Institute white females with a wild gray male. Inbred strains have been derived from this original outbred strain, including Long-Evans cinnamon rats (RATS, INBRED LEC) and Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima Fatty rats (RATS, INBRED OLETF), which are models for Wilson's disease and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, respectively.
A POSTURE in which an ideal body mass distribution is achieved. Postural balance provides the body carriage stability and conditions for normal functions in stationary position or in movement, such as sitting, standing, or walking.
A type of juvenile osteochondrosis affecting the fibrocartilaginous disc (INTERVERTEBRAL DISC) in the thoracic or thoracolumbar region of the SPINE. It is characterized by a forward concave SPINAL CURVATURE or KYPHOSIS.
Surgical removal or artificial destruction of gonads.
Specialized devices used in ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY to repair bone fractures.
A region in the MESENCEPHALON which is dorsomedial to the SUBSTANTIA NIGRA and ventral to the RED NUCLEUS. The mesocortical and mesolimbic dopaminergic systems originate here, including an important projection to the NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS. Overactivity of the cells in this area has been suspected to contribute to the positive symptoms of SCHIZOPHRENIA.
The distance and direction to which a bone joint can be extended. Range of motion is a function of the condition of the joints, muscles, and connective tissues involved. Joint flexibility can be improved through appropriate MUSCLE STRETCHING EXERCISES.
'Spinal diseases' is a broad term referring to various medical conditions that affect the structural integrity, function, or health of the spinal column, including degenerative disorders, infections, inflammatory processes, traumatic injuries, neoplasms, and congenital abnormalities.
Muscles forming the ABDOMINAL WALL including RECTUS ABDOMINIS, external and internal oblique muscles, transversus abdominis, and quadratus abdominis. (from Stedman, 25th ed)
Physical manipulation of animals and humans to induce a behavioral or other psychological reaction. In experimental psychology, the animal is handled to induce a stress situation or to study the effects of "gentling" or "mothering".
A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.
Devices which are used in the treatment of orthopedic injuries and diseases.
A calcification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spinal column, usually at the level of the cervical spine. It is often associated with anterior ankylosing hyperostosis.
The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.
Two extensive fibrous bands running the length of the vertebral column. The anterior longitudinal ligament (ligamentum longitudinale anterius; lacertus medius) interconnects the anterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies; the posterior longitudinal ligament (ligamentum longitudinale posterius) interconnects the posterior surfaces. The commonest clinical consideration is OSSIFICATION OF POSTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
Ventral part of the DIENCEPHALON extending from the region of the OPTIC CHIASM to the caudal border of the MAMMILLARY BODIES and forming the inferior and lateral walls of the THIRD VENTRICLE.
Compounds that interact with PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of PROGESTERONE. Primary actions of progestins, including natural and synthetic steroids, are on the UTERUS and the MAMMARY GLAND in preparation for and in maintenance of PREGNANCY.
Orthopedic appliances used to support, align, or hold parts of the body in correct position. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT1 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN 5-HT1 RECEPTOR AGONISTS. Included under this heading are antagonists for one or more of the specific 5-HT1 receptor subtypes.
Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.
Disease involving a spinal nerve root (see SPINAL NERVE ROOTS) which may result from compression related to INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; SPINAL DISEASES; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include radicular pain, weakness, and sensory loss referable to structures innervated by the involved nerve root.

Lumbar lordosis and pelvic inclination in adults with chronic low back pain. (1/128)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The causes of lumbopelvic imbalances in standing have been widely accepted by physical therapists, but there is a lack of scientific evidence available to support them. We examined the association between 9 variables and pelvic inclination and lumbar lordosis during relaxed standing. SUBJECTS: Thirty men and 30 women with chronic low back pain (CLBP) for at least 4 months were examined (mean age=54.9 years, SD=9, range=40.4-69.8). METHODS: Multiple linear regression modeling was used to assess the association of pelvic inclination and the magnitude of lumbar lordosis in standing with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), Oswestry Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (ODQ) scores, physical activity level, hip flexor muscle length, abdominal muscle force, and range of motion (ROM) for lumbar flexion and extension. RESULTS: In women, age, BMI, and ODQ scores were associated univariately and multivariately with pelvic inclination. In men, lumbar extension ROM was related univariately to pelvic inclination; age, lumbar extension ROM, and ODQ scores were associated multivariately. Lumbar lordosis was associated univariately with only lumbar extension ROM for women and men. A weak correlation was found between angle of pelvic inclination and magnitude of lumbar lordosis in standing (r=. 31 for women, r=.37 for men). CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: The odds ratio of having CLBP is increased if the score on the double-leg lowering test for abdominal muscles exceeds 50 degrees for men and 60 degrees for women. In patients with CLBP, the magnitude of the lumbar lordosis and pelvic inclination in standing is not associated with the force production of the abdominal muscles.  (+info)

Relationship between gibbosity and Cobb angle during treatment of idiopathic scoliosis with the SpineCor brace. (2/128)

The objective of this study was to quantify the relationship between gibbosity and spinal deformation expressed by the angle of Cobb before and during treatment with a brace for different classes of idiopathic scoliosis patients. As part of the standard treatment with the Dynamic Corrective Brace (SpineCor), 89 idiopathic scoliosis patients underwent an initial radiological examination and gibbosity measurement with a scoliometer wearing and not wearing the brace. The 89 patients were classified in relation to the apex of the scoliosis curves: thoracic (n = 29); thoracolumbar (n = 40); lumbar (n = 7) and double (n = 13). With the dynamic corrective brace, the patients showed a mean decrease of 8.3 degrees for the major Cobb angle, and a mean decrease of 2.3 degrees for their gibbosity. There was a significant positive relationship between gibbosity and Cobb angle with and without the brace for the thoracic and thoracolumbar curves. A linear regression analysis identified a small mean estimation error for the thoracic curves (7.4 degrees no-brace; 2.7 degrees with brace) and thoracolumbar curves (5.2 degrees no-brace; 5.3 degrees with brace), indicating a predictive potential of the scoliometer. The measure of gibbosity with the scoliometer provides a fairly reliable estimation of Cobb angle at the initial clinical examination of a scoliosis patient. However, when initial Cobb angle and gibbosity are considered, the measure of gibbosity when wearing a brace provides the clinician with a highly reliable estimation of the Cobb angle while in a brace. This relationship also exists for the follow-up with a brace, permitting a judgement of the patient's evolution under the treatment with SpineCor.  (+info)

Slight head extension: does it change the sagittal cervical curve? (3/128)

It is commonly believed that slight flexion/extension of the head will reverse the cervical lordosis. The goal of the present study was to determine whether slight head extension could result in a cervical kyphosis changing into a lordosis. Forty consecutive volunteer subjects with a cervical kyphosis and with flexion in their resting head position had a neutral lateral cervical radiograph followed immediately by a lateral cervical view taken in an extended head position to level the bite line. Subjects were patients at a spine clinic in Elko, Nevada. All radiographs were digitized. Global and segmental angles of the cervical curve were compared for any change in angle due to slight extension of the head. The average extension of the head required to level the bite line was 13.9 degrees. This head extension was not substantially correlated with any segmental or global angle of lordosis. Subjects were categorized into those requiring slight head extension (0 degree-13.9 degrees) and those requiring a significant head extension (> 13.9 degrees). In the slight head extension group, the average change in global angle between posterior tangents on C2 and C7 was 6.9 degrees, and 80% of this change occurred in C1-C4. In the significant head extension group, the average change in global angle between posterior tangents on C2 and C7 was 11.0 degrees, and the major portion of this change occurred in C1-C4. Out of 40 subjects, only one subject, who was in the significant head extension group and had only a minor segmental kyphosis, changed from kyphosis to lordosis. The results show that slight extension of the head does not change a reversed cervical curve into a cervical lordosis as measured on lateral cervical radiographs. Only small extension angle changes (mean sum = 4.8 degrees) in the upper cervical segments (C2-C4) occur in head extension of 14 degrees or less.  (+info)

Sagittal morphology and equilibrium of pelvis and spine. (4/128)

A prospective analysis of the sagittal profile of 100 healthy young adult volunteers was carried out in order to evaluate the relationship between the shape of the pelvis and lumbar lordosis and to create a databank of the morphologic and positional parameters of the pelvis and spine in a normal healthy population. Inclusion criteria were as follows: no previous spinal surgery, no low back pain, no lower limb length inequality, no scoliotic deviation. For each subject, a 30 x 90-cm sagittal radiograph including spine, pelvis and proximal femurs in standing position on a force plate was performed. The global axis of gravity was determined with the force plate. Each radiograph was digitized using dedicated software. The spinal parameters registered were values for thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis. The pelvic angles measured were: pelvic incidence, sacral slope and pelvic tilt. The global axis of gravity was on average 9 mm anterior of the center of the femoral heads. The anatomic parameter of pelvic incidence angle varied from 33 degrees to 85 degrees (mean: 51.7 degrees, SD: 11 degrees). The average lumbar lordosis was 46.5 degrees. The average thoracic kyphosis was 47 degrees. We found a statistical correlation between incidence angle and lumbar lordosis (r=0.69, P<0.001) and between sacral slope angle and lumbar lordosis (r=0.75, P<0.001). Spine and pelvis balance around the hip axis in order to position the gravity line over the femoral heads. We propose a scheme of sagittal balance of the standing human body.  (+info)

Spinal fusion with free periosteal grafts and its effect on vertebral growth in yound rabbits. (5/128)

The effect of early fusion on growth of the spine has been studied in rabbits. Free periosteal grafts from the tibia were transplanted either posteriorly between the spinous and articular processes or postero-laterally between the articular and transverse processes. Sound bony fusion was achieved in both the thoracic and the lumbar spine. Spinal fusion caused local narrowing and wedging of the intervertebral spaces, followed by retardation of growth and wedging of the vertebrae. A progressive structural scoliosis developed after unilateral postero-lateral fusion and a lordosis developed after posterior fusion.  (+info)

Spinal deformities in farmed Atlantic salmon. (6/128)

Spinal deformities in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are often observed in intensive farming systems and result in production losses. Many putative factors have been implicated with the formation of spinal deformities in larger salmon. This condition has been described as broken back syndrome, curvy back disease, and short tails.  (+info)

Cranio-cervical posture: a factor in the development and function of the dentofacial structures. (7/128)

Many practitioners will recognize that subjects with a large mandibular plane inclination are characterized by an extended head posture and a forward inclined cervical column, i.e. an extended cranio-cervical posture. It is also typical that subjects with a short-face morphology often carry their heads somewhat lowered, and have a markedly backward-curved upper cervical spine, i.e. cervical lordosis. The aim of the paper is to link together the findings of a series of studies that attempt to clarify this relationship, and bring into focus cranio-cervical posture, which is a functional factor that seems to be involved in many clinical orthodontic problems. To provide a background for the article, the concept of standardized posture of the head and the cervical column is developed, and procedures for recording this posture, as well as categories of cephalometric variables that express the different postural relationships, are described. Findings that relate cranio-cervical posture to upper airway obstruction, to craniofacial morphology, and to malocclusion are surveyed, and a post-natal developmental mechanism that explains the findings and leads to further questions is discussed. Recent findings of a relationship between extended cranio-cervical posture and signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders further emphasize the biological importance of this functional parameter.  (+info)

The knee-spine syndrome. Association between lumbar lordosis and extension of the knee. (8/128)

Degenerative changes of the knee often cause loss of extension. This may affect aspects of posture such as lumbar lordosis. A total of 366 patients underwent radiological examination of the lumbar spine in a standing position. The knee and body angles were measured by physical examination using a goniometer. Limitation of extension of the knee was significantly greater in patients whose lumbar lordosis was 30 degrees or less. Lumbar lordosis was significantly reduced in patients whose limitation of extension of the knee was more than 5 degrees. It decreased over the age of 70 years, and the limitation of extension of the knee increased over the age of 60 years. Our study indicates that symptoms from the lumbar spine may be caused by degenerative changes in the knee. This may be called the 'knee-spine syndrome'.  (+info)

Lordosis is a term used in the medical field to describe an excessive inward curvature of the spine. It most commonly occurs in the cervical (neck) and lumbar (lower back) regions. When it happens in the lower back, it's often referred to as swayback. While some degree of lordosis is normal and necessary for proper spinal alignment and movement, excessive curvature can lead to pain, discomfort, and difficulty with mobility. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including poor posture, obesity, pregnancy, and certain medical conditions such as kyphosis or spondylolisthesis.

Sexual behavior in animals refers to a variety of behaviors related to reproduction and mating that occur between members of the same species. These behaviors can include courtship displays, mating rituals, and various physical acts. The specific forms of sexual behavior displayed by a given species are influenced by a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.

In some animals, sexual behavior is closely tied to reproductive cycles and may only occur during certain times of the year or under specific conditions. In other species, sexual behavior may be more frequent and less closely tied to reproduction, serving instead as a means of social bonding or communication.

It's important to note that while humans are animals, the term "sexual behavior" is often used in a more specific sense to refer to sexual activities between human beings. The study of sexual behavior in animals is an important area of research within the field of animal behavior and can provide insights into the evolutionary origins of human sexual behavior as well as the underlying mechanisms that drive it.

Posture is the position or alignment of body parts supported by the muscles, especially the spine and head in relation to the vertebral column. It can be described as static (related to a stationary position) or dynamic (related to movement). Good posture involves training your body to stand, walk, sit, and lie in positions where the least strain is placed on supporting muscles and ligaments during movement or weight-bearing activities. Poor posture can lead to various health issues such as back pain, neck pain, headaches, and respiratory problems.

Kyphosis is a medical term used to describe an excessive curvature of the spine in the sagittal plane, leading to a rounded or humped back appearance. This condition often affects the thoracic region of the spine and can result from various factors such as age-related degenerative changes, congenital disorders, Scheuermann's disease, osteoporosis, or traumatic injuries. Mild kyphosis may not cause any significant symptoms; however, severe cases can lead to pain, respiratory difficulties, and decreased quality of life. Treatment options typically include physical therapy, bracing, and, in some cases, surgical intervention.

Spinal curvatures refer to the normal or abnormal curvature patterns of the spine as viewed from the side. The human spine has four distinct curves that form an "S" shape when viewed from the side: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral. These natural curves provide strength, flexibility, and balance to the spine, allowing us to stand upright, maintain proper posture, and absorb shock during movement.

Abnormal spinal curvatures are often referred to as spinal deformities and can be classified into two main categories: hyperkyphosis (increased kyphosis) and hyperlordosis (increased lordosis). Examples of such conditions include:

1. Kyphosis: An excessive curvature in the thoracic or sacral regions, leading to a hunchback or rounded appearance. Mild kyphosis is common and usually not problematic, but severe cases can cause pain, breathing difficulties, and neurological issues.
2. Lordosis: An abnormal increase in the curvature of the lumbar or cervical spine, resulting in an exaggerated swayback posture. This can lead to lower back pain, muscle strain, and difficulty maintaining proper balance.
3. Scoliosis: A lateral (side-to-side) spinal curvature that causes the spine to twist and rotate, forming a C or S shape when viewed from behind. Most scoliosis cases are idiopathic (of unknown cause), but they can also be congenital (present at birth) or secondary to other medical conditions.

These abnormal spinal curvatures may require medical intervention, such as physical therapy, bracing, or surgery, depending on the severity and progression of the condition.

The spine, also known as the vertebral column, is a complex structure in the human body that is part of the axial skeleton. It is composed of 33 individual vertebrae (except in some people where there are fewer due to fusion of certain vertebrae), intervertebral discs, facet joints, ligaments, muscles, and nerves.

The spine has several important functions:

1. Protection: The spine protects the spinal cord, which is a major component of the nervous system, by enclosing it within a bony canal.
2. Support: The spine supports the head and upper body, allowing us to maintain an upright posture and facilitating movement of the trunk and head.
3. Movement: The spine enables various movements such as flexion (bending forward), extension (bending backward), lateral flexion (bending sideways), and rotation (twisting).
4. Weight-bearing: The spine helps distribute weight and pressure evenly across the body, reducing stress on individual vertebrae and other structures.
5. Blood vessel and nerve protection: The spine protects vital blood vessels and nerves that pass through it, including the aorta, vena cava, and spinal nerves.

The spine is divided into five regions: cervical (7 vertebrae), thoracic (12 vertebrae), lumbar (5 vertebrae), sacrum (5 fused vertebrae), and coccyx (4 fused vertebrae, also known as the tailbone). Each region has unique characteristics that allow for specific functions and adaptations to the body's needs.

The lumbar vertebrae are the five largest and strongest vertebrae in the human spine, located in the lower back region. They are responsible for bearing most of the body's weight and providing stability during movement. The lumbar vertebrae have a characteristic shape, with a large body in the front, which serves as the main weight-bearing structure, and a bony ring in the back, formed by the pedicles, laminae, and processes. This ring encloses and protects the spinal cord and nerves. The lumbar vertebrae are numbered L1 to L5, starting from the uppermost one. They allow for flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation movements of the trunk.

The ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) is a collection of neurons located in the ventromedial region of the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that regulates various autonomic and endocrine functions. The VMN plays an essential role in regulating several physiological processes, including feeding behavior, energy balance, and glucose homeostasis. It contains neurons that are sensitive to changes in nutrient status, such as leptin and insulin levels, and helps to integrate this information with other signals to modulate food intake and energy expenditure. Additionally, the VMN has been implicated in the regulation of various emotional and motivational states, including anxiety, fear, and reward processing.

Scoliosis is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, which most often occurs in the thoracic or lumbar regions. The curvature can be "C" or "S" shaped and may also include rotation of the vertebrae. Mild scoliosis doesn't typically cause problems, but severe cases can interfere with breathing and other bodily functions.

The exact cause of most scoliosis is unknown, but it may be related to genetic factors. It often develops in the pre-teen or teenage years, particularly in girls, and is more commonly found in individuals with certain neuromuscular disorders such as cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy.

Treatment for scoliosis depends on the severity of the curve, its location, and the age and expected growth of the individual. Mild cases may only require regular monitoring to ensure the curve doesn't worsen. More severe cases may require bracing or surgery to correct the curvature and prevent it from getting worse.

The sacrum is a triangular-shaped bone in the lower portion of the human vertebral column, located between the lumbar spine and the coccyx (tailbone). It forms through the fusion of several vertebrae during fetal development. The sacrum's base articulates with the fifth lumbar vertebra, while its apex connects with the coccyx.

The sacrum plays an essential role in supporting the spine and transmitting weight from the upper body to the pelvis and lower limbs. It also serves as an attachment site for various muscles and ligaments. The sacral region is often a focus in medical and chiropractic treatments due to its importance in spinal stability, posture, and overall health.

I believe you may be referring to the "ventral" part of the hypothalamus, as there isn't a widely recognized anatomical division called the "middle" hypothalamus. The ventral hypothalamus is a region that contains several critical structures, including:

1. The infundibular stem: This is a funnel-shaped structure that extends downward from the hypothalamus and forms the beginning of the pituitary stalk. It contains tuber cinereum and the median eminence.
2. Tuber cinereum: A region with several nuclei, including the arcuate nucleus, which plays a role in regulating feeding behavior, growth hormone release, and sexual function.
3. Median eminence: A crucial area where the hypothalamus interacts with the pituitary gland. It contains nerve terminals that release neurohormones into the portal capillaries, which then carry these substances to the anterior pituitary to regulate hormone secretion.

The ventral hypothalamus is essential for various functions, such as releasing and inhibiting hormones, regulating body temperature, hunger, thirst, sleep, emotional behavior, and parental behaviors.

The pelvis is the lower part of the trunk, located between the abdomen and the lower limbs. It is formed by the fusion of several bones: the ilium, ischium, and pubis (which together form the hip bone on each side), and the sacrum and coccyx in the back. The pelvis has several functions including supporting the weight of the upper body when sitting, protecting the lower abdominal organs, and providing attachment for muscles that enable movement of the lower limbs. In addition, it serves as a bony canal through which the reproductive and digestive tracts pass. The pelvic cavity contains several vital organs such as the bladder, parts of the large intestine, and in females, the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes.

Spinal fusion is a surgical procedure where two or more vertebrae in the spine are fused together to create a solid bone. The purpose of this procedure is to restrict movement between the fused vertebrae, which can help reduce pain and stabilize the spine. This is typically done using bone grafts or bone graft substitutes, along with hardware such as rods, screws, or cages to hold the vertebrae in place while they heal together. The procedure may be recommended for various spinal conditions, including degenerative disc disease, spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, scoliosis, or fractures.

The lumbosacral region is the lower part of the back where the lumbar spine (five vertebrae in the lower back) connects with the sacrum (a triangular bone at the base of the spine). This region is subject to various conditions such as sprains, strains, herniated discs, and degenerative disorders that can cause pain and discomfort. It's also a common site for surgical intervention when non-surgical treatments fail to provide relief.

The cervical vertebrae are the seven vertebrae that make up the upper part of the spine, also known as the neck region. They are labeled C1 to C7, with C1 being closest to the skull and C7 connecting to the thoracic vertebrae in the chest region. The cervical vertebrae have unique structures to allow for a wide range of motion in the neck while also protecting the spinal cord and providing attachment points for muscles and ligaments.

Radiography is a diagnostic technique that uses X-rays, gamma rays, or similar types of radiation to produce images of the internal structures of the body. It is a non-invasive procedure that can help healthcare professionals diagnose and monitor a wide range of medical conditions, including bone fractures, tumors, infections, and foreign objects lodged in the body.

During a radiography exam, a patient is positioned between an X-ray machine and a special film or digital detector. The machine emits a beam of radiation that passes through the body and strikes the film or detector, creating a shadow image of the internal structures. Denser tissues, such as bones, block more of the radiation and appear white on the image, while less dense tissues, such as muscles and organs, allow more of the radiation to pass through and appear darker.

Radiography is a valuable tool in modern medicine, but it does involve exposure to ionizing radiation, which can carry some risks. Healthcare professionals take steps to minimize these risks by using the lowest possible dose of radiation necessary to produce a diagnostic image, and by shielding sensitive areas of the body with lead aprons or other protective devices.

Osteoarthritis of the spine, also known as spondylosis, is a degenerative joint disease that affects the spine. It is characterized by the breakdown and eventual loss of cartilage in the joints of the spine, which can lead to pain, stiffness, and decreased mobility. The condition most commonly affects the joints in the lower back (lumbar) and neck (cervical) regions of the spine.

The symptoms of osteoarthritis of the spine can vary widely, but may include:

* Pain and stiffness in the neck or back, especially after prolonged periods of inactivity or overuse
* Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arms or legs, due to nerve compression
* Decreased range of motion and flexibility in the spine
* Popping, cracking, or grinding sounds in the spine with movement
* In severe cases, loss of bladder or bowel control.

The diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the spine is typically made through a combination of physical exam, medical history, and imaging studies such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scan. Treatment options may include pain medication, physical therapy, exercise, and in some cases, surgery.

Ovariectomy is a surgical procedure in which one or both ovaries are removed. It is also known as "ovary removal" or "oophorectomy." This procedure is often performed as a treatment for various medical conditions, including ovarian cancer, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and pelvic pain. Ovariectomy can also be part of a larger surgical procedure called an hysterectomy, in which the uterus is also removed.

In some cases, an ovariectomy may be performed as a preventative measure for individuals at high risk of developing ovarian cancer. This is known as a prophylactic ovariectomy. After an ovariectomy, a person will no longer have menstrual periods and will be unable to become pregnant naturally. Hormone replacement therapy may be recommended in some cases to help manage symptoms associated with the loss of hormones produced by the ovaries.

Spondylolysis is a defect or stress fracture in the pars interarticularis, which is a part of the vertebra in the lower back (lumbar spine). This condition most commonly affects young athletes who participate in sports that involve repetitive hyperextension of the lower back, such as gymnastics, football, and dance. Spondylolysis can cause lower back pain and stiffness, and if left untreated, it may lead to spondylolisthesis, a condition where one vertebra slips forward over the one below it. In some cases, spondylolysis may not cause any symptoms and may be discovered during an imaging test performed for another reason.

The preoptic area (POA) is a region within the anterior hypothalamus of the brain. It is named for its location near the optic chiasm, where the optic nerves cross. The preoptic area is involved in various functions, including body temperature regulation, sexual behavior, and sleep-wake regulation.

The preoptic area contains several groups of neurons that are sensitive to changes in temperature and are responsible for generating heat through shivering or non-shivering thermogenesis. It also contains neurons that release inhibitory neurotransmitters such as GABA and galanin, which help regulate arousal and sleep.

Additionally, the preoptic area has been implicated in the regulation of sexual behavior, particularly in males. Certain populations of neurons within the preoptic area are involved in the expression of male sexual behavior, such as mounting and intromission.

Overall, the preoptic area is a critical region for the regulation of various physiological and behavioral functions, making it an important area of study in neuroscience research.

The pelvic bones, also known as the hip bones, are a set of three irregularly shaped bones that connect to form the pelvic girdle in the lower part of the human body. They play a crucial role in supporting the spine and protecting the abdominal and pelvic organs.

The pelvic bones consist of three bones:

1. The ilium: This is the largest and uppermost bone, forming the majority of the hip bone and the broad, flaring part of the pelvis known as the wing of the ilium or the iliac crest, which can be felt on the side of the body.
2. The ischium: This is the lower and back portion of the pelvic bone that forms part of the sitting surface or the "sit bones."
3. The pubis: This is the front part of the pelvic bone, which connects to the other side at the pubic symphysis in the midline of the body.

The pelvic bones are joined together at the acetabulum, a cup-shaped socket that forms the hip joint and articulates with the head of the femur (thigh bone). The pelvic bones also have several openings for the passage of blood vessels, nerves, and reproductive and excretory organs.

The shape and size of the pelvic bones differ between males and females due to their different roles in childbirth and locomotion. Females typically have a wider and shallower pelvis than males to accommodate childbirth, while males usually have a narrower and deeper pelvis that is better suited for weight-bearing and movement.

Spondylolisthesis is a medical condition that affects the spine, specifically the vertebrae in the lower back (lumbar region). It occurs when one vertebra slips forward and onto the vertebra below it. This slippage can lead to narrowing of the spinal canal and compression of the nerves exiting the spine, causing pain and discomfort. The condition can be congenital, degenerative, or result from trauma or injury. Symptoms may include lower back pain, stiffness, and radiating pain down the legs. Treatment options range from physical therapy and pain management to surgical intervention in severe cases.

Diskectomy is a surgical procedure in which all or part of an intervertebral disc (the cushion between two vertebrae) is removed. This procedure is typically performed to alleviate pressure on nerve roots or the spinal cord caused by a herniated or degenerative disc. In a diskectomy, the surgeon accesses the damaged disc through an incision in the back or neck and removes the portion of the disc that is causing the compression. This can help to relieve pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the affected limb. Diskectomy may be performed as an open surgery or using minimally invasive techniques, depending on the individual case.

The thoracic vertebrae are the 12 vertebrae in the thoracic region of the spine, which is the portion between the cervical and lumbar regions. These vertebrae are numbered T1 to T12, with T1 being closest to the skull and T12 connecting to the lumbar region.

The main function of the thoracic vertebrae is to provide stability and support for the chest region, including protection for the vital organs within, such as the heart and lungs. Each thoracic vertebra has costal facets on its sides, which articulate with the heads of the ribs, forming the costovertebral joints. This connection between the spine and the ribcage allows for a range of movements while maintaining stability.

The thoracic vertebrae have a unique structure compared to other regions of the spine. They are characterized by having long, narrow bodies, small bony processes, and prominent spinous processes that point downwards. This particular shape and orientation of the thoracic vertebrae contribute to their role in limiting excessive spinal movement and providing overall trunk stability.

Internal fixators are medical devices that are implanted into the body through surgery to stabilize and hold broken or fractured bones in the correct position while they heal. These devices can be made from various materials, such as metal (stainless steel or titanium) or bioabsorbable materials. Internal fixators can take many forms, including plates, screws, rods, nails, wires, or cages, depending on the type and location of the fracture.

The main goal of using internal fixators is to promote bone healing by maintaining accurate reduction and alignment of the fractured bones, allowing for early mobilization and rehabilitation. This can help reduce the risk of complications such as malunion, nonunion, or deformity. Internal fixators are typically removed once the bone has healed, although some bioabsorbable devices may not require a second surgery for removal.

It is important to note that while internal fixators provide stability and support for fractured bones, they do not replace the need for proper immobilization, protection, or rehabilitation during the healing process. Close follow-up with an orthopedic surgeon is essential to ensure appropriate healing and address any potential complications.

Spondylosis is a general term that refers to degenerative changes in the spine, particularly in the joints (facets) between vertebrae and/or intervertebral discs. It's a common age-related condition, which can also be caused by stresses on the spine due to poor posture, repetitive movements, or injury.

The degenerative process often involves loss of hydration and elasticity in the intervertebral discs, leading to decreased disc height and potential disc herniation. This can cause narrowing of the spinal canal (spinal stenosis) or nerve root canal (foraminal stenosis), resulting in pressure on the spinal cord and/or nerves.

Spondylosis can occur throughout the spine, but it is most commonly found in the cervical (neck) and lumbar (lower back) regions. Symptoms may include pain, stiffness, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the neck, arms, legs, or back, depending on the location and severity of the degeneration. However, it's worth noting that many people with spondylosis might not experience any symptoms at all. Treatment options typically include pain management, physical therapy, and, in severe cases, surgery.

An intervertebral disc is a fibrocartilaginous structure found between the vertebrae of the spinal column in humans and other animals. It functions as a shock absorber, distributes mechanical stress during weight-bearing activities, and allows for varying degrees of mobility between adjacent vertebrae.

The disc is composed of two parts: the annulus fibrosus, which forms the tough, outer layer; and the nucleus pulposus, which is a gel-like substance in the center that contains proteoglycans and water. The combination of these components provides the disc with its unique ability to distribute forces and allow for movement.

The intervertebral discs are essential for the normal functioning of the spine, providing stability, flexibility, and protection to the spinal cord and nerves. However, they can also be subject to degeneration and injury, which may result in conditions such as herniated discs or degenerative disc disease.

Estradiol is a type of estrogen, which is a female sex hormone. It is the most potent and dominant form of estrogen in humans. Estradiol plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics in women, such as breast development and regulation of the menstrual cycle. It also helps maintain bone density, protect the lining of the uterus, and is involved in cognition and mood regulation.

Estradiol is produced primarily by the ovaries, but it can also be synthesized in smaller amounts by the adrenal glands and fat cells. In men, estradiol is produced from testosterone through a process called aromatization. Abnormal levels of estradiol can contribute to various health issues, such as hormonal imbalances, infertility, osteoporosis, and certain types of cancer.

Intervertebral disc degeneration is a physiological and biochemical process that occurs in the spinal discs, which are located between each vertebra in the spine. These discs act as shock absorbers and allow for movement and flexibility of the spine.

The degenerative process involves changes in the structure and composition of the disc, including loss of water content, decreased production of proteoglycans (which help to maintain the disc's elasticity), and disorganization of the collagen fibers that make up the disc's outer layer (annulus fibrosus). These changes can lead to a decrease in the disc's height and mobility, as well as the development of tears or cracks in the annulus fibrosus.

In advanced stages of degeneration, the disc may herniate or bulge outward, causing pressure on nearby nerves and potentially leading to pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the affected area. It's worth noting that while intervertebral disc degeneration is a normal part of aging, certain factors such as injury, smoking, obesity, and repetitive stress can accelerate the process.

Progesterone is a steroid hormone that is primarily produced in the ovaries during the menstrual cycle and in pregnancy. It plays an essential role in preparing the uterus for implantation of a fertilized egg and maintaining the early stages of pregnancy. Progesterone works to thicken the lining of the uterus, creating a nurturing environment for the developing embryo.

During the menstrual cycle, progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum, a temporary structure formed in the ovary after an egg has been released from a follicle during ovulation. If pregnancy does not occur, the levels of progesterone will decrease, leading to the shedding of the uterine lining and menstruation.

In addition to its reproductive functions, progesterone also has various other effects on the body, such as helping to regulate the immune system, supporting bone health, and potentially influencing mood and cognition. Progesterone can be administered medically in the form of oral pills, intramuscular injections, or vaginal suppositories for various purposes, including hormone replacement therapy, contraception, and managing certain gynecological conditions.

A zygapophyseal joint, also known as a facet joint, is a type of synovial joint that connects the articulating processes of adjacent vertebrae in the spine. These joints are formed by the superior and inferior articular processes of the vertebral bodies and are covered with hyaline cartilage. They allow for smooth movement between the vertebrae, providing stability and limiting excessive motion while allowing flexibility in the spine. The zygapophyseal joints are supported by a capsule and ligaments that help to maintain their alignment and restrict abnormal movements. These joints can become sources of pain and discomfort when they become inflamed or damaged due to conditions such as arthritis, degenerative disc disease, or injury.

"Long-Evans" is a strain of laboratory rats commonly used in scientific research. They are named after their developers, the scientists Long and Evans. This strain is albino, with a brownish-black hood over their eyes and ears, and they have an agouti (salt-and-pepper) color on their backs. They are often used as a model organism due to their size, ease of handling, and genetic similarity to humans. However, I couldn't find any specific medical definition related to "Long-Evans rats" as they are not a medical condition or disease.

Postural balance is the ability to maintain, achieve, or restore a state of equilibrium during any posture or activity. It involves the integration of sensory information (visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive) to control and adjust body position in space, thereby maintaining the center of gravity within the base of support. This is crucial for performing daily activities and preventing falls, especially in older adults and individuals with neurological or orthopedic conditions.

Scheuermann's Disease, also known as Scheuermann's Kyphosis, is a medical condition that affects the spine. It is a developmental disorder of the vertebral bodies involving anterior wedging of at least three adjacent vertebrae, leading to a progressive rounded or hunchback-like curvature of the upper (thoracic) spine. This deformity can result in a rigid, angular kyphosis and may cause back pain, breathing difficulties, or cosmetic concerns. The exact cause of Scheuermann's Disease is unknown, but it tends to run in families and is more common in males than females. Treatment typically includes physical therapy, bracing, and, in severe cases, surgery.

Castration is a surgical procedure to remove the testicles in males or ovaries in females. In males, it is also known as orchiectomy. This procedure results in the inability to produce sex hormones and gametes (sperm in men and eggs in women), and can be done for various reasons such as medical treatment for certain types of cancer, to reduce sexual urges in individuals with criminal tendencies, or as a form of birth control in animals.

Bone screws are medical devices used in orthopedic and trauma surgery to affix bone fracture fragments or to attach bones to other bones or to metal implants such as plates, rods, or artificial joints. They are typically made of stainless steel or titanium alloys and have a threaded shaft that allows for purchase in the bone when tightened. The head of the screw may have a hexagonal or star-shaped design to allow for precise tightening with a screwdriver. Bone screws come in various shapes, sizes, and designs, including fully threaded, partially threaded, cannulated (hollow), and headless types, depending on their intended use and location in the body.

The Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) is a collection of neurons located in the midbrain that is part of the dopamine system. It is specifically known as the A10 group and is the largest source of dopaminergic neurons in the brain. These neurons project to various regions, including the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens, and are involved in reward, motivation, addiction, and various cognitive functions. The VTA also contains GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons that modulate dopamine release and have various other functions.

Articular Range of Motion (AROM) is a term used in physiotherapy and orthopedics to describe the amount of movement available in a joint, measured in degrees of a circle. It refers to the range through which synovial joints can actively move without causing pain or injury. AROM is assessed by measuring the degree of motion achieved by active muscle contraction, as opposed to passive range of motion (PROM), where the movement is generated by an external force.

Assessment of AROM is important in evaluating a patient's functional ability and progress, planning treatment interventions, and determining return to normal activities or sports participation. It is also used to identify any restrictions in joint mobility that may be due to injury, disease, or surgery, and to monitor the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs.

Spinal diseases refer to a range of medical conditions that affect the spinal column, which is made up of vertebrae (bones), intervertebral discs, facet joints, nerves, ligaments, and muscles. These diseases can cause pain, discomfort, stiffness, numbness, weakness, or even paralysis, depending on the severity and location of the condition. Here are some examples of spinal diseases:

1. Degenerative disc disease: This is a condition where the intervertebral discs lose their elasticity and height, leading to stiffness, pain, and decreased mobility.
2. Herniated disc: This occurs when the inner material of the intervertebral disc bulges or herniates out through a tear in the outer layer, causing pressure on the spinal nerves and resulting in pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the affected area.
3. Spinal stenosis: This is a narrowing of the spinal canal or the neural foramen (the openings where the spinal nerves exit the spinal column), which can cause pressure on the spinal cord or nerves and result in pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness.
4. Scoliosis: This is a curvature of the spine that can occur in children or adults, leading to an abnormal posture, back pain, and decreased lung function.
5. Osteoarthritis: This is a degenerative joint disease that affects the facet joints in the spine, causing pain, stiffness, and decreased mobility.
6. Ankylosing spondylitis: This is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the spine and sacroiliac joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and fusion of the vertebrae.
7. Spinal tumors: These are abnormal growths that can occur in the spinal column, which can be benign or malignant, causing pain, neurological symptoms, or even paralysis.
8. Infections: Bacterial or viral infections can affect the spine, leading to pain, fever, and other systemic symptoms.
9. Trauma: Fractures, dislocations, or sprains of the spine can occur due to accidents, falls, or sports injuries, causing pain, neurological deficits, or even paralysis.

The abdominal muscles, also known as the abdominals or abs, are a group of muscles in the anterior (front) wall of the abdominopelvic cavity. They play a crucial role in maintaining posture, supporting the trunk, and facilitating movement of the torso. The main abdominal muscles include:

1. Rectus Abdominis: These are the pair of long, flat muscles that run vertically along the middle of the anterior abdominal wall. They are often referred to as the "six-pack" muscles due to their visible, segmented appearance in well-trained individuals. The primary function of the rectus abdominis is to flex the spine, allowing for actions such as sitting up from a lying down position or performing a crunch exercise.

2. External Obliques: These are the largest and most superficial of the oblique muscles, located on the lateral (side) aspects of the abdominal wall. They run diagonally downward and forward from the lower ribs to the iliac crest (the upper part of the pelvis) and the pubic tubercle (a bony prominence at the front of the pelvis). The external obliques help rotate and flex the trunk, as well as assist in side-bending and exhalation.

3. Internal Obliques: These muscles lie deep to the external obliques and run diagonally downward and backward from the lower ribs to the iliac crest, pubic tubercle, and linea alba (the strong band of connective tissue that runs vertically along the midline of the abdomen). The internal obliques help rotate and flex the trunk, as well as assist in forced exhalation and increasing intra-abdominal pressure during actions such as coughing or lifting heavy objects.

4. Transversus Abdominis: This is the deepest of the abdominal muscles, located inner to both the internal obliques and the rectus sheath (a strong, fibrous covering that surrounds the rectus abdominis). The transversus abdominis runs horizontally around the abdomen, attaching to the lower six ribs, the thoracolumbar fascia (a broad sheet of connective tissue spanning from the lower back to the pelvis), and the pubic crest (the front part of the pelvic bone). The transversus abdominis helps maintain core stability by compressing the abdominal contents and increasing intra-abdominal pressure.

Together, these muscles form the muscular "corset" of the abdomen, providing support, stability, and flexibility to the trunk. They also play a crucial role in respiration, posture, and various movements such as bending, twisting, and lifting.

The compound 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine is a type of benzazepine derivative. Benzazepines are a class of heterocyclic compounds containing a benzene fused to a diazepine ring. Specifically, 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine is a derivative with a phenyl group attached to the benzazepine ring and two hydroxyl groups at positions 7 and 8 of the diazepine ring.

This compound does not have a specific medical definition, as it is not a drug or a medication that is used in clinical practice. However, like many other chemical compounds, it may have potential uses in pharmaceutical research and development, including as a lead compound for the design and synthesis of new drugs with therapeutic activity.

It's worth noting that the specific biological activity and medical relevance of this compound would depend on its chemical properties and any interactions it may have with biological systems, which would need to be studied in detail through scientific research.

Orthopedic fixation devices are medical implants used in orthopedic surgery to provide stability and promote the healing of fractured or broken bones, as well as joints or spinal segments. These devices can be internal or external and include a variety of products such as:

1. Intramedullary nails: Long rods that are inserted into the center of a bone to stabilize fractures in long bones like the femur or tibia.
2. Plates and screws: Metal plates are attached to the surface of a bone with screws to hold the fragments together while they heal.
3. Screws: Used alone or in combination with other devices, they can be used to stabilize small fractures or to fix implants like total joint replacements.
4. Wires: Used to hold bone fragments together, often in conjunction with other devices.
5. External fixators: A external frame attached to the bones using pins or wires that is placed outside the skin to provide stability and alignment of fractured bones.
6. Spinal fixation devices: These include pedicle screws, rods, hooks, and plates used to stabilize spinal fractures or deformities.
7. Orthopedic staples: Small metal staples used to stabilize small bone fragments or for joint fusion.

The choice of orthopedic fixation device depends on the location and severity of the injury or condition being treated. The primary goal of these devices is to provide stability, promote healing, and restore function.

Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (OPLL) is a medical condition where there is abnormal growth and hardening (ossification) of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the spine. The posterior longitudinal ligament runs down the length of the spine, along the back of the vertebral bodies, and helps to maintain the stability and alignment of the spinal column.

In OPLL, the ossification of this ligament can cause narrowing of the spinal canal (spinal stenosis) and compression of the spinal cord or nerve roots. This condition is more commonly found in the cervical spine (neck), but it can also occur in the thoracic (chest) and lumbar (lower back) regions of the spine.

The symptoms of OPLL may include neck pain, stiffness, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arms and/or legs, depending on the location and severity of the compression. In severe cases, it can lead to serious neurological deficits such as paralysis. The exact cause of OPLL is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to genetic factors, aging, and mechanical stress on the spine.

Biomechanics is the application of mechanical laws to living structures and systems, particularly in the field of medicine and healthcare. A biomechanical phenomenon refers to a observable event or occurrence that involves the interaction of biological tissues or systems with mechanical forces. These phenomena can be studied at various levels, from the molecular and cellular level to the tissue, organ, and whole-body level.

Examples of biomechanical phenomena include:

1. The way that bones and muscles work together to produce movement (known as joint kinematics).
2. The mechanical behavior of biological tissues such as bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments under various loads and stresses.
3. The response of cells and tissues to mechanical stimuli, such as the way that bone tissue adapts to changes in loading conditions (known as Wolff's law).
4. The biomechanics of injury and disease processes, such as the mechanisms of joint injury or the development of osteoarthritis.
5. The use of mechanical devices and interventions to treat medical conditions, such as orthopedic implants or assistive devices for mobility impairments.

Understanding biomechanical phenomena is essential for developing effective treatments and prevention strategies for a wide range of medical conditions, from musculoskeletal injuries to neurological disorders.

Longitudinal ligaments, in the context of anatomy, refer to the fibrous bands that run lengthwise along the spine. They are named as such because they extend in the same direction as the long axis of the body. The main function of these ligaments is to provide stability and limit excessive movement in the spinal column.

There are three layers of longitudinal ligaments in the spine:

1. Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (ALL): This ligament runs down the front of the vertebral bodies, attached to their anterior aspects. It helps to prevent hyperextension of the spine.
2. Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (PLL): The PLL is located on the posterior side of the vertebral bodies and extends from the axis (C2) to the sacrum. Its primary function is to limit hyperflexion of the spine.
3. Ligamentum Flavum: Although not strictly a 'longitudinal' ligament, it is often grouped with them due to its longitudinal orientation. The ligamentum flavum is a pair of elastic bands that connect adjacent laminae (posterior bony parts) of the vertebral arch in the spine. Its main function is to maintain tension and stability while allowing slight movement between the vertebrae.

These longitudinal ligaments play an essential role in maintaining spinal alignment, protecting the spinal cord, and facilitating controlled movements within the spine.

The hypothalamus is a small, vital region of the brain that lies just below the thalamus and forms part of the limbic system. It plays a crucial role in many important functions including:

1. Regulation of body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, sleep, and circadian rhythms.
2. Production and regulation of hormones through its connection with the pituitary gland (the hypophysis). It controls the release of various hormones by producing releasing and inhibiting factors that regulate the anterior pituitary's function.
3. Emotional responses, behavior, and memory formation through its connections with the limbic system structures like the amygdala and hippocampus.
4. Autonomic nervous system regulation, which controls involuntary physiological functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion.
5. Regulation of the immune system by interacting with the autonomic nervous system.

Damage to the hypothalamus can lead to various disorders like diabetes insipidus, growth hormone deficiency, altered temperature regulation, sleep disturbances, and emotional or behavioral changes.

Progestins are a class of steroid hormones that are similar to progesterone, a natural hormone produced by the ovaries during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. They are often used in hormonal contraceptives, such as birth control pills, shots, and implants, to prevent ovulation and thicken the cervical mucus, making it more difficult for sperm to reach the egg. Progestins are also used in menopausal hormone therapy to alleviate symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness. Additionally, progestins may be used to treat endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and breast cancer. Different types of progestins have varying properties and may be more suitable for certain indications or have different side effect profiles.

In the field of dentistry, braces are devices used to align and straighten teeth and improve jaw position. They are typically made of metal or ceramic brackets that are bonded to the teeth, along with wires and rubber bands that apply pressure and move the teeth into proper alignment over time. The length of treatment with braces can vary but typically lasts from 1-3 years. Regular adjustments are necessary to ensure effective movement of the teeth.

The purpose of wearing braces is to correct malocclusions, such as overbites, underbites, crossbites, and open bites, as well as crowded or crooked teeth. This can lead to improved dental health, better oral function, and a more aesthetically pleasing smile. It's important to maintain good oral hygiene while wearing braces to prevent issues like tooth decay and gum disease. After the braces are removed, retainers may be used to maintain the new alignment of the teeth.

Serotonin 5-HT1 receptor antagonists are a class of pharmaceutical drugs that block the activation of serotonin 5-HT1 receptors. Serotonin, also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in various physiological functions, including mood regulation, appetite control, and sensory perception. The 5-HT1 receptor family includes several subtypes (5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT1E, and 5-HT1F) that are widely distributed throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems.

When serotonin binds to these receptors, it triggers a series of intracellular signaling events that can have excitatory or inhibitory effects on neuronal activity. By blocking the interaction between serotonin and 5-HT1 receptors, antagonists modulate the downstream consequences of receptor activation.

Serotonin 5-HT1 receptor antagonists are used in various clinical contexts to treat or manage a range of conditions:

1. Migraine prevention: Some 5-HT1B/1D receptor antagonists, such as sumatriptan and rizatriptan, are highly effective in aborting migraine attacks by constricting dilated cranial blood vessels and reducing the release of pro-inflammatory neuropeptides.
2. Nausea and vomiting: Certain 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, like ondansetron and granisetron, are used to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting by blocking the activation of emetic circuits in the brainstem.
3. Psychiatric disorders: Although not widely used, some 5-HT1A receptor antagonists have shown promise in treating depression and anxiety disorders due to their ability to modulate serotonergic neurotransmission.
4. Neuroprotection: Preclinical studies suggest that 5-HT1A receptor agonists may have neuroprotective effects in various neurological conditions, such as Parkinson's disease and stroke. However, further research is needed to establish their clinical utility.

In summary, serotonin 5-HT1 receptor antagonists are a diverse group of medications with applications in migraine prevention, nausea and vomiting management, psychiatric disorders, and potential neuroprotection. Their unique pharmacological profiles enable them to target specific pathophysiological mechanisms underlying various conditions, making them valuable tools in modern therapeutics.

Low back pain is a common musculoskeletal disorder characterized by discomfort or pain in the lower part of the back, typically between the costal margin (bottom of the ribcage) and the gluteal folds (buttocks). It can be caused by several factors including strain or sprain of the muscles or ligaments, disc herniation, spinal stenosis, osteoarthritis, or other degenerative conditions affecting the spine. The pain can range from a dull ache to a sharp stabbing sensation and may be accompanied by stiffness, limited mobility, and radiating pain down the legs in some cases. Low back pain is often described as acute (lasting less than 6 weeks), subacute (lasting between 6-12 weeks), or chronic (lasting more than 12 weeks).

Radiculopathy is a medical term that refers to the condition where there is damage or disturbance in the nerve roots as they exit the spinal column. These nerve roots, also known as radicles, can become damaged due to various reasons such as compression, inflammation, or injury, leading to a range of symptoms.

Radiculopathy may occur in any part of the spine, but it is most commonly found in the cervical (neck) and lumbar (lower back) regions. When the nerve roots in the cervical region are affected, it can result in symptoms such as neck pain, shoulder pain, arm pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arms or fingers. On the other hand, when the nerve roots in the lumbar region are affected, it can cause lower back pain, leg pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs or feet.

The symptoms of radiculopathy can vary depending on the severity and location of the damage to the nerve roots. In some cases, the condition may resolve on its own with rest and conservative treatment. However, in more severe cases, medical intervention such as physical therapy, medication, or surgery may be necessary to alleviate the symptoms and prevent further damage.

What is Lordosis? Lordosis - MedlinePlus definition Lordosis - SpineUniverse Ways To Treat Lordosis (CS1 errors: requires URL, ... Lordosis is historically defined as an abnormal inward curvature of the lumbar spine. However, the terms lordosis and lordotic ... As such, lordosis in the human spine is considered one of the primary physiological adaptations of the human skeleton that ... Lordosis may also increase at puberty, sometimes not becoming evident until the early or mid-20s.[citation needed] In radiology ...
... including displays of lordosis. Lordosis behavior is non-functional in humans, although lordosis-like positions can be observed ... During lordosis, the spine curves dorsoventrally so that its apex points towards the abdomen. Lordosis is a reflex action that ... Lordosis behavior (/lɔːrˈdoʊsɪs/), also known as mammalian lordosis (Greek lordōsis, from lordos "bent backward") or presenting ... The lordosis reflex arc is hardwired in the spinal cord, at the level of the lumbar and sacral vertebrae (L1, L2, L5, L6 and S1 ...
The female then exhibits lordosis behavior. In response, the male will typically groom the female hamster's rear, then mount ...
... kyphosis and lordosis); elongated craniofacial bones; large body size and unique body plan; and elaborate skin coloration, ...
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Lordosis may be mild or severe, and if it's bad enough, the kitten won't live past three months of age. Many breeders feel that ... lordosis is a genetic disorder, but it's not specific to the Munchkin cat; many other breeds of cat suffer from lordosis. ... Munchkin kittens, however, are vulnerable to lordosis, a rare spinal condition in which the spinal muscles grow short, allowing ... has resulted in a breed which appears to have an increased incidence of pectus excavatum and spinal lordosis, both problems ...
Abnormal inward concave lordotic curving of the cervical and lumbar regions of the spine is called lordosis. It can result from ... Milne JS, Lauder IJ (July 1974). "Age effects in kyphosis and lordosis in adults". Annals of Human Biology. 1 (3): 327-37. doi: ... Restoration of the lumbar lordosis is the main aim. In Germany, a standard treatment for both Scheuermann's disease and lumbar ...
Lordosis may be mild or severe, and if it's bad enough, the kitten won't live past three months of age. Many breeders feel that ... lordosis is a genetic disorder, but it's not specific to the Munchkin cat; many other breeds of cat suffer from lordosis. "All ... However, there appear to be two conditions with increased incidence in the Munchkin breed: lordosis (excessive curvature of the ... Munchkin kittens, however, are vulnerable to lordosis, a rare spinal condition in which the spinal muscles grow short, allowing ...
2022). A study on the impact of the sexual dimorphism, ancestry and lifestyle effects on lordosis in a large sample of modern ... "Inferring lumbar lordosis in Neandertals and other hominins". PNAS Nexus. 1 (1): pgab005. doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgab005. PMC ... doubt on proposed locomotor and postural differences between modern humans and Neanderthals based on inferred lumbar lordosis ( ...
Physical signs include deformities like triradiate pelvis and lordosis. The patient has a typical "waddling" gait. However, ...
Skeletal system developments often include lordosis, kyphoscoliosis, or pes cavus. Individuals often have abnormal bleeding due ...
See also p. 177 on lordosis and obesity in pregnancy. Le Glay, "Remarques," pp. 431-433. Ad nixas; William Warde Fowler, The ...
Lordosis in the lower lumbar spine centers the mass of the body on the lower joints such as the pelvis and femur such that the ... The "s" shape of the lumbar vertebra is called spinal lordosis, which produces the unique convex curvature seen in upright ... Wagner H, Liebetrau A, Schinowski D, Wulf T, de Lussanet MH (April 2012). "Spinal lordosis optimizes the requirements for a ...
Lordosis Pott's disease Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome "FKBP14 gene: MedlinePlus Genetics". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 9 June 2023. " ...
Chu, ECP (2021). "Alleviating cervical radiculopathy by manipulative correction of reversed cervical lordosis". Journal of ...
Spinal curvatures of kyphoscoliosis or lumbar lordosis may be present. The pelvic bones may be deformed. A condition known as ...
Whitcome, K. K.; Shapiro, L. J.; Lieberman, D. E. (2007). "Fetal load and the evolution of lumbar lordosis in bipedal hominins ...
Quoting Whitcome KK, Shapiro LJ, Lieberman DE (December 2007). "Fetal load and the evolution of lumbar lordosis in bipedal ...
Whitcome, K. K.; Shapiro, L. J.; Lieberman, D. E. (2009). "Fetal load and the evolution of lumbar lordosis in bipedal hominins ... which may indicate less lordosis (normal curvature of the spine) in A. africanus neck vertebrae. However, the later StW 679 has ...
There is a complete lack of sexual receptivity, measured as lordosis behavior. There are significant deficits in parental ...
Whitcome, K. K.; Shapiro, L. J.; Lieberman, D. E. (2007). "Fetal load and the evolution of lumbar lordosis in bipedal hominins ...
... the angle of the lordosis declines and can reach the angle prior to pregnancy. Unfortunately, while lumbar lordosis reduces hip ... The arching of the lumbar region is known as lumbar lordosis, which recovers the center of mass into a stable position by ... According to a study conducted by Whitcome, et al., lumbar lordosis can increase from an angle of 32 degrees at 0% fetal mass ( ... Whitcome KK, Shapiro LJ, Lieberman DE (December 2007). "Fetal load and the evolution of lumbar lordosis in bipedal hominins" ( ...
Increased and decreased lumbar lordosis, inward curvature of the lower spine, has been seen. Detection of spondylolisthesis by ... Weakness in these muscles can increase lordosis and contribute to sacroiliac instability. Abdominal flexor strength can be ...
Lordosis - A sexual reflex present in most mammals including rodents, elephants, and cats. It happens when a female is mating, ... Lordosis behavior Höber, Rudolf (1928), "Hirnstamm und Stammganglien", Lehrbuch der Physiologie des Menschen, Berlin, ...
Female lordosis behaviour became secondary in hominidae and is non-functional in humans. Mammals usually copulate in a dorso- ... lordosis behaviour) in some mammals. These behavioral states correlate with the phases of the human sexual response cycle: ... including the motor sexual reflex of lordosis. In males, the act of copulation is more complex, because some learning is ...
FlareHawk by Integrity Implants uses stent-like technology, expanding in width, height, and lordosis. Once placed, the cages ... with cages that expand in place for optimal end-plate-to-endplate fit and correction of lordosis. There are several ...
From the side Inspect for: normal cervical and lumbar lordosis and normal thoracic kyphosis. Whilst standing beside the patient ...
For instance, GnRH molecule functions as a neurotransmitter in rats to elicit lordosis behavior. The human trace amine- ...
If pseudogoitre is due to cervical lordosis, the fullness disappears on straightening of the neck. A high-lying thyroid can be ... The cause for pseudogoitre can be fat tissue of the neck, cervical lordosis, cervical masses (such as cervical lymphadenopathy ... Pseudogoitre due to cervical lordosis (swan shaped-neck) is called Modigliani syndrome after the artist Amedeo Modigliani, who ...
What is Lordosis? Lordosis - MedlinePlus definition Lordosis - SpineUniverse Ways To Treat Lordosis (CS1 errors: requires URL, ... Lordosis is historically defined as an abnormal inward curvature of the lumbar spine. However, the terms lordosis and lordotic ... As such, lordosis in the human spine is considered one of the primary physiological adaptations of the human skeleton that ... Lordosis may also increase at puberty, sometimes not becoming evident until the early or mid-20s.[citation needed] In radiology ...
Lordosis pain is an uncommon occurrence in relation to an exaggerated or deficient lumbar or cervical spinal curvature. ... Lordosis Symptom Treatment. For true lordosis-related back or neck pain, there are only a few real treatment options:. Pain ... Lordosis Pain Explanations. Abnormal lordosis is yet another spinal abnormality which is commonly blamed for creating chronic ... Lordosis pain is an uncommon occurrence in relation to an exaggerated or deficient lumbar or cervical spinal curvature. ...
Lumbar Lordosis and Back Pain. Case study reveals that being pregnant can be a real pain in the back. Hyperlordosis is the ...
To recap: due to an increase of muscle tone in groups of mainly poly-articular and overlapping muscles, the lordoses or ... This is the third and last column about hyper-lordosis being the source of all our acquired distortions and postural defects. ... Our lordoses tend to side-bend and to rotate around their long axis. Most commonly, they side-bend to the right so that the ... If our lordoses were just to become unduly concave; if, in other words, they were to deviate from their normal shape in only ...
... Asian ... Purpose: To determine the ideal sitting positions by measuring changes in lumbar lordosis (LL) and pelvic parameters (PPs) in ...
Lordosis, also referred to as swayback, is a curvature spinal disorder occurring in the lumbar or cervical region of your ... Lordosis - Swayback / Curved Spine. Back · Cervical Spine · Exercises · Kyphosis · Lordosis · Scoliosis. What Is Lordosis or " ... Cervical lordosis is the inward curve in your neck region. Lumbar lordosis is the inward curve in your lower back region. Both ... The causes of neck and lower back lordosis can be found below:. Cervical lordosis:. *Discitis, curvature disorders such as ...
... progestin receptors in guinea pig brain measured by an in vitro exchange assay after hormonal treatments that affect lordosis. ... progestin receptors in guinea pig brain measured by an in vitro exchange assay after hormonal treatments that affect lordosis. ... progestin receptors in guinea pig brain measured by an in vitro exchange assay after hormonal treatments that affect lordosis. ...
Does cervical lordosis change after spinal manipulation for neck pain? A prospective cohort study. In: IFOMPT 2016, 4-8 July ... Does cervical lordosis change after spinal manipulation for neck pain? A prospective cohort study. ...
Sign up for our newsletter to receive inspiration and tips for your Pilates workouts sent straight to your inbox.. ...
the expandable lordosis stabilizing cage of FIG. 1. ;. FIG. 7. shows, in an end view, the preferred embodiment of the expansion ... in particular, the lordosis stabilizing cage 50 of the present invention is shown to generally comprise a body 51 and an ... the fixed cage section 71 of the body 51 of the lordosis stabilizing cage 50 may comprise a nut 72, which although not critical ... the expandable lordosis stabilizing cage of FIG. 28. ;. FIG. 32. shows, in a posterior end elevational view, the expandable ...
From a young age I was taught that the barbell back squat is a staple for developing strength and power … ...
Lordosis is a behavioral disposition and reflex representing the quintessence of female submissiveness], passivity and lewdness ... In sexual behavioral biology, mammalian lordosis (Greek lordōsis, from lordos "bent backward") or lordosis behavior refers to ... Pregnancy also increases lumbar lordosis in women.[10] As such, it has been proposed that lumbar lordosis was evolutionarily ... Frontal lordosis[edit , edit source]. Main article: Boobs. The curved arch from collarbone to the boobs reminds one of the ...
Rivak Hoffman is a former Surgical Physician Assistant who made the transition to holistic health and fitness 18 years ago He now successfully works at Every Bit Fit Arizona as a Scottsdale AZ Medical Personal Trainer and Spine Therapist. He has a lot of experience under his belt. He has helped improve the quality of life… ...
Tag: lordosis. Chronic pain at 25. Physical and Mental Health / 8 years ago / RelentlesslyPurple ... Tags , anxiety, back pain, chronic pain, depression, lordosis, lower back pain, my story, pain, scoliosis, spoonie ... I was sent for more x-rays which showed lordosis of the thoracic spine which shows signs of muscle spasms. This indicates its ...
This culminates in lordosis: assuming a submissive stationary posture with arched back and raised hips. Lordosis is controlled ... I believe what Bancroft means here is that unlike, say, the rat or the common house cat, female primates do not have a lordosis ... Although Bancrofts Human Sexuality says "There is no equivalent of lordosis in the human female, and in non-human primates, a ... and presented herself in a posture that would be referred to as lordosis in other animals such as the rat. Only partially awake ...
Look only at ICD versions H.D: 10, 8, 9 ; C.O.D: 10, 8, 9 ...
Robert Rainone descended from rum runners and horse thieves, studied architecture in college, and went on to work in construction. Although the creativity engine he refined during his education resents idleness its rarely used in his career. Art like this is what happens when he lets that engine rip.. ...
... , Symptoms, Diagnosis. Slight inward curve within the cervical spine ... How is Cervical Lordosis Treated?. An early assessment and diagnosis of an existing cervical lordosis problem paves the way for ... What is Cervical Lordosis?. Cervical lordosis refers to that slight inward curve within the cervical spine that encompasses the ... Signs and Symptoms of Cervical Lordosis. People who have cervical lordosis curve problem may not manifest the clinical symptoms ...
If you are wondering how to fix lumbar lordosis, you have come to the right place. Read on to learn more about the symptoms, ... Lumbar lordosis is a condition in which the curvature of the spine is too pronounced. This condition can result in lower back ... If you are wondering how to fix lumbar lordosis, you have come to the right place. Read on to learn more about the symptoms, ... Preventing lumbar lordosis is a crucial element of low back pain treatment. Exercises to improve the contraction rate of the ...
Open Access Lordosis Journals. A list of Open Access Lordosis. journals for you to publish your manuscript in. Lordosis. is ... Lordosis. journals in this list are indexed in OA.mg. If you spot any mistakes in this table of Lordosis. OA journals, dont ... We hope this list of Lordosis OA journals will be helpful for you in deciding where to publish your Lordosis manuscript. Our ... Rather than just the top hits Lordosis journals, we have made an exhaustive list of open accesss Lordosis journals. Use our ...
The degree of impact of kyphosis and forward shoulders effect on lumbar lordosis can be impacted by cause of the condition and ... If the Thoracic becomes extremely kyphotic many times we will see an exaggerated lordosis. The body will make lots of ...
Lordosis refers to a painful condition that can affect a persons ability to move. It is most common on the lower back, where ... What is Lordosis?. Lordosis refers to a painful condition that can affect a persons ability to move. It is most common on the ... LORDOSIS. If you experience back pain or notice deformity in the spine, please Schedule an appointment with one of our ... A person with a high degree of lordosis will have a gap between their lower back and a firm area when resting on their backs in ...
Differential diagnosis of exaggerated lumbar lordosis are : -massive ascites -advanced stages of pregnancy -massive abdominal ...
Reader Alyssa Knee shares the details of an unusual equine condition called lordosis, how it affects horses such as her own ... What is lordosis and how do horses get it?. Equine lordosis, which is more commonly known as swayback, is recognized by a ... What are the major issues for horses with lordosis?. The major area of concern for a horse with lordosis is saddle fit, as ... A Closer Look at Equine Lordosis. November 8, 2016. Kristen KovatchReader Submission#HORSE HEALTHLeave a comment ...
... orthogonal radiographs of the thorax and abdomen that were obtained to investigate for feline congenital thoracic lordosis. ... Radiology Case of the Week , Feline Congenital Thoracic Lordosis. Published by Erin Epperly, DVM, DACVR on July 01, 2020 ... However, upon closer inspection, the vertebrae are well-aligned and there is marked vertebral lordosis (ventral bowing) leading ...
By age one, a babys spine includes the three normal curves: cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, and lumbar lordosis. ... Loss of Cervical Lordosis and Its Connection to Headaches. Published on 2 August 2023. under Headaches ... The authors concluded that the loss of cervical lordosis resulted in longer lasting headaches, and this unique finding should ... In a March 2023 study, researchers compared headache characteristics of patients with normal cervical lordosis and patients ...
By age one, a babys spine includes the three normal curves: cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, and lumbar lordosis. ... Loss of Cervical Lordosis and Its Connection to Headaches. Published on 2 August 2023. under Headaches ... The authors concluded that the loss of cervical lordosis resulted in longer lasting headaches, and this unique finding should ... In a March 2023 study, researchers compared headache characteristics of patients with normal cervical lordosis and patients ...
Home,Tag: Treatment for Lordosis or Swayback. Tag Archives: Treatment for Lordosis or Swayback ... Lordosis is an overstated lumbar bend in the spine. It is created by overactive or tight hip flexors, frail hip extensors, and ... Lordosis is really an exceptionally regular condition, and the seriousness relies on upon the individual and their unevenness. ... Numerous individuals have lordosis without acknowledging it; others know about the agony, however, unconscious of the condition ...
Lordosis And Tight Hip Flextos - Doing What Matters. Table of Contents. Toggle. *Lordosis And Tight Hip Flextos - Learning What ... Lordosis And Tight Hip Flextos. Its time to face up to the problem and say enough is enough. You can stretch your hips out all ... Lordosis And Tight Hip Flextos. There are a number of stretches that will certainly aid eliminate this issue. One of the most ... Lordosis And Tight Hip Flextos - Learning What Matters. The word tightens up and kicks back does not seem to go together ...
  • Lumbar lordosis is a condition in which the curvature of the spine is too pronounced. (orefrontimaging.com)
  • Definition: Lordosis refers to an excessive inward curvature of the spine, primarily observed in the lumbar (lower) and cervical (upper) regions. (watchdoq.com)
  • These curvature disorders are classified as lordosis, kyphosis, and scoliosis. (braceability.com)
  • What's The Difference Between Lordosis, Kyphosis, & Scoliosis? (braceability.com)
  • There are three common spinal curvature disorders that get mixed up with each other: scoliosis, lordosis, and kyphosis. (braceability.com)
  • In conclusion, understanding the differences between lordosis, kyphosis, and scoliosis is crucial in recognizing and addressing spinal curvature issues. (watchdoq.com)
  • Some deformities will result in sagittal plane abnormalities (kyphosis or lordosis), whereas others will primarily affect the coronal plane (scoliosis). (medscape.com)
  • The cervical part of the rachis is the most strongly distorted and shows scoliosis, cyphosis, and lordosis. (cdc.gov)
  • The most frequent macroscopic lesions or conditions in animals that were SBV positive by qRT-PCR, especially calves, were arthrogryposis, brachygnathia inferior, torticollis, kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis, and muscle hypoplasia (especially in calves) ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Lordosis is historically defined as an abnormal inward curvature of the lumbar spine. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, the terms lordosis and lordotic are also used to refer to the normal inward curvature of the lumbar and cervical regions of the human spine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lordosis in the human spine makes it easier for humans to bring the bulk of their mass over the pelvis. (wikipedia.org)
  • As such, lordosis in the human spine is considered one of the primary physiological adaptations of the human skeleton that allows for human gait to be as energetically efficient as it is. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other causes include obesity, hyperkyphosis (spine curvature disorder in which the thoracic curvature is abnormally rounded), discitis (inflammation of the intervertebral disc space caused by infection), and benign juvenile lordosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • To recap: due to an increase of muscle tone in groups of mainly poly-articular and overlapping muscles, the lordoses or concavities in our spine deepen. (positivehealth.com)
  • As mentioned previously, lordosis is the two forward curves in your neck and spine. (braceability.com)
  • Lordosis anatomically speaking is the inward curve of your spine. (braceability.com)
  • What Are The Common Symptoms for Lordosis of the Spine? (braceability.com)
  • Usually, those with swayback lordosis tend to not feel any symptoms except for a noticeable curve in their spine. (braceability.com)
  • This forward movement is lumbar lordosis of the spine and being a plus size individual puts you at a greater risk of developing this condition. (braceability.com)
  • In sexual behavioral biology, mammalian lordosis (Greek lordōsis, from lordos "bent backward") or lordosis behavior refers to the presentation of the "tail" with upward curved spine to signal receptivity to copulation found in many mammals, typically around estrus. (incels.wiki)
  • Human females have a naturally higher degree of spinal lordosis [9] (a swayback or arched lower back) when standing erect, which is visually similar to the lordotic mammalian female sexual display posture as it involves the arching of the spine and the display of the hindquarters. (incels.wiki)
  • I was sent for more x-rays which showed lordosis of the thoracic spine which shows signs of muscle spasms. (relentlesslypurple.com)
  • Cervical lordosis refers to that slight inward curve within the cervical spine that encompasses the 7 cervical vertebrae of the neck. (healthsurgical.com)
  • Sometimes, the spine must be manipulated surgically to correct the lumbar lordosis. (orefrontimaging.com)
  • How do Spine Specialists Treat Lordosis? (txosa.com)
  • One of the most important aspects of the neck is the cervical spine, which serves to protect the spinal cord and support the head with its unique curved shape, also known as cervical lordosis. (drthomasgeroublog.com)
  • By age one, a baby's spine includes the three normal curves: cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, and lumbar lordosis. (drthomasgeroublog.com)
  • Lordosis is an overstated lumbar bend in the spine. (healthbeautytips.in)
  • When diagnosing lumbar lordosis, a healthcare provider will typically perform a physical examination and assess the curvature of your lower spine. (drcric.com)
  • Lordosis is a deformity of the backbone (spine). (chkd.org)
  • Sometimes, individuals may experience a combination of these conditions, such as having both lordosis and kyphosis in different areas of the spine. (watchdoq.com)
  • Ideally, a primary seated posture should support the low back in a position of lordosis - the natural inward curvature of the lumbar spine above the pelvis. (cdc.gov)
  • Do You Suffer From Loss of Cervical Lordosis? (healthsurgical.com)
  • In a March 2023 study, researchers compared headache characteristics of patients with normal cervical lordosis and patients with loss of cervical lordosis. (drthomasgeroublog.com)
  • The authors concluded that the loss of cervical lordosis resulted in longer lasting headaches, and this unique finding should be addressed in the headache management process when present. (drthomasgeroublog.com)
  • However, treatment will likely include a multimodal approach that includes strengthening of the cervical extensor muscles (often weak in patients with loss of cervical lordosis), cervical spinal manipulation, extension cervical traction, and at-home exercises and posture training. (drthomasgeroublog.com)
  • As demonstrated in a February 2022 case report, a 26-year-old female with a history of headaches and loss of cervical lordosis experienced a resolution of her headaches following an eight-week treatment plan to restore the cervical curve. (drthomasgeroublog.com)
  • In human evolutionary history femoids presumably often inappropriately presented their genitals in a lordosis posture to obtain resources from men. (incels.wiki)
  • [19] [20] It has been suggested, males can adopt the lordosis posture to get resources from horny, bisexual males as a last resort ( homocel hypothesis ). (incels.wiki)
  • The curved arch from collarbone to the boobs reminds one of the lordosis posture , thus boobs act as a frontal or secondary lordosis . (incels.wiki)
  • In the second instance, a younger woman was incontinent, needed to be cleaned, and presented herself in a posture that would be referred to as lordosis in other animals such as the rat. (blogspot.com)
  • This culminates in lordosis: assuming a submissive stationary posture with arched back and raised hips. (blogspot.com)
  • When dealing with lumbar lordosis, it's important to focus on posture correction. (drcric.com)
  • To alleviate the symptoms and effects of lumbar lordosis, it's important for you to focus on improving your posture and strengthening the muscles surrounding your hips and core. (drcric.com)
  • Your healthcare provider will observe your standing posture to see if you have an excessive inward curve in your lower back, which is characteristic of lumbar lordosis. (drcric.com)
  • Posture correction techniques are also important to correct any imbalances that may be contributing to your lordosis. (drcric.com)
  • Simple exercises may work if lordosis is tied to poor posture. (chkd.org)
  • Does cervical lordosis change after spinal manipulation for neck pain? (bournemouth.ac.uk)
  • The compensatory mechanisms for cervical lordosis change after laminectomy with fusion was not clear. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The objective of this study was to evaluate the compensatory behaviors for cervical lordosis change after laminectomy with fusion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Kyphosis is measured between the vertebra prominens (VP) and the point of inflection between the sagittal curves and lordosis is measured between the point of inflection and the sacrum. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Arm positioning and postural sagittal variation: are kyphosis and lordosis measurements using x-ray reliable? (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pre- and postoperative cervical parameters evaluated included cervical lordosis (CL), C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis (C2-C7 SVA), and the T1 slope (T1S) minus the CL (T1S-CL). (medscape.com)
  • Abnormally bent backward by an excess of tension found in the powerful back and other muscles, the normal, physiological lordoses deviate from their normal curve to become hyper-lordotic. (positivehealth.com)
  • These forward curves are referred to as normal lordosis whereas the backward curves are referred to as normal kyphosis. (braceability.com)
  • A physician may examine the body and examine the patient's medical history to diagnose lordosis. (txosa.com)
  • Your child's healthcare provider can diagnose lordosis with a complete health history of your child, a physical exam, and certain tests. (chkd.org)
  • Your provider may also examine the alignment and position of your pelvis, as abnormalities in pelvic tilt can contribute to lumbar lordosis. (drcric.com)
  • Secondly, we aimed to assess the effect of hamstring lengthening on anterior pelvic tilt (PT) and lumbar lordosis (LL) in healthy subjects during gait, sit to stand, forward bend, and picking up a ball from the floor. (uthsc.edu)
  • However, upon closer inspection, the vertebrae are well-aligned and there is marked vertebral lordosis (ventral bowing) leading to narrowing of the thoracic height (see annotated image). (signalpet.com)
  • Lordosis refers to a painful condition that can affect a person's ability to move. (txosa.com)
  • As is the case with many other back pain scapegoat conditions, irregular lordosis is rarely the actual source of physical symptoms. (cure-back-pain.org)
  • Patients with symptomatic lordosis typically either have extremely severe curvatures, some other spinal abnormality or are actually suffering from psychological back pain using the lordosis as a convincing camouflage explanation for the mindbody symptoms. (cure-back-pain.org)
  • People who have cervical lordosis curve problem may not manifest the clinical symptoms at times until it becomes worse, requiring management of pain or even surgery. (healthsurgical.com)
  • The degree of impact of kyphosis and forward shoulders effect on lumbar lordosis can be impacted by cause of the condition and severity of symptoms. (thereadystate.com)
  • What are the symptoms of lordosis in a child? (chkd.org)
  • Symptoms will vary, depending on whether lordosis happens with other defects. (chkd.org)
  • The symptoms of lordosis may look like other back problems. (chkd.org)
  • The diagnosis associated with some anatomical changes with cervical lordosis is confirmed through procedures like X-rays and magnetic resonance imaging. (healthsurgical.com)
  • An early assessment and diagnosis of an existing cervical lordosis problem paves the way for immediate medical interventions to be done, utilizing available treatment options and preventing possible complications. (healthsurgical.com)
  • The primary diagnosis of lumbar lordosis is determined by a physician, who will perform special tests to determine the severity of the condition and how to correct the problem. (orefrontimaging.com)
  • In some cases, imaging techniques such as X-rays or MRIs may be used to measure the angle of lumbar lordosis more accurately and confirm the diagnosis. (drcric.com)
  • Lumbar lordosis is a condition that causes an excessive inward curvature of your lower back. (drcric.com)
  • [10] As such, it has been proposed that lumbar lordosis was evolutionarily selected to offset the load of the fetus and stabilize the female gait in the context of human bipedalism. (incels.wiki)
  • The ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) progression of weakness may plateau between 3 abd 6 years of age, followed by increasing gait difficulty, development of contractures and lumbar lordosis. (who.int)
  • This showed that age was statistically significant for both kyphosis and lordosis and sex was only significant in the development of lordosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has to be noted that an excessive spinal curve of the neck, with the main characteristic of an exaggerated C-shape of the upper back of a person or a noted straightening of the normal curve, located just below the skull region is a case of cervical lordosis. (healthsurgical.com)
  • Abnormal lordosis is yet another spinal abnormality which is commonly blamed for creating chronic back pain syndromes. (cure-back-pain.org)
  • Equine lordosis, which is more commonly known as swayback, is recognized by a swaying of the back of the horses that are affected. (horsenation.com)
  • However, C2-C7 Cobb (C2-7) angle reduction or cervical lordosis (CL) loss occurs commonly after LCF [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • [5] [6] Popular femoid pastimes, such as twerking on social media, also present clear human analogues to mammalian lordosis behavior. (incels.wiki)
  • Mammalian lordosis may have an even more ancient root in reptile behavior in which the female submits itself to the most dominant male. (incels.wiki)
  • Yamanouchi, K & Arai, Y 1976, ' Heterotypical sexual behavior in male rats: individual difference in lordosis response ', Endocrinologia Japonica , vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 179-182. (elsevierpure.com)
  • You can do specific exercises to strengthen the muscles in your abdomen and back, which can improve lumbar lordosis. (drcric.com)
  • Preventing lumbar lordosis is a crucial element of low back pain treatment. (orefrontimaging.com)
  • ISIS2 measures kyphosis and lordosis using a technique analogous to the Cobb method [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While the research team found no differences between the groups with respect to frequency, severity, localization, lateralization, and spread, they did observe that loss of lordosis is associated with longer headache duration. (drthomasgeroublog.com)
  • This method of seated lumbar extension traction adds to the accumulating evidence for lumbar extension traction to become recognized as the primary nonsurgical rehabilitative procedure to increase the lumbar lordosis in those patients who have LBP with hypolordosis. (webexercisesacademy.com)
  • Reader Alyssa Knee shares the details of an unusual equine condition called lordosis, how it affects horses such as her own warmblood Spike and considerations for working with these horses. (horsenation.com)
  • Spike is a 13 year old Warmblood gelding who has a condition called lordosis . (horsenation.com)
  • How does lordosis affect the horses that have the condition? (horsenation.com)
  • In 2010, Dr Patrick Gallagher completed a study on 'Genetics of swayback in American Saddlebred Horses' and his study made some important points on the effects of lordosis on the horses that have the condition. (horsenation.com)
  • Dr Gallagher noted that performance horses were not impaired to any significant degree by lordosis, but did record that swaybacked racehorses aren't among the fastest and suggested that horses with the condition may have slightly altered gaits. (horsenation.com)
  • Lordosis is really an exceptionally regular condition, and the seriousness relies on upon the individual and their unevenness. (healthbeautytips.in)
  • Lordosis may be the result of some other health condition, such as a hip disorder. (chkd.org)
  • Surgery is rarely a good solution for lordosis and may not resolve pain, even when it does correct the unusual curvature. (cure-back-pain.org)
  • Surgery is rarely needed for lordosis. (chkd.org)
  • All of these deformities are caused from an excess of muscle tone which started its distorting process in the lordoses of our spines. (positivehealth.com)
  • In that scenario where the lordoses bend to the right and rotate to the left, the opposite movements occur at their junction which we call kyphosis. (positivehealth.com)
  • Treatment of lumbar lordoses begins with an evaluation of the condition's cause. (orefrontimaging.com)
  • Lordosis is corrected if the curvature does not change as the person bends forward, and treatment may be needed. (txosa.com)
  • As each patient is unique and each doctor of chiropractic brings their own clinical experience and training (including post-grad training) to the table, the treatment process for restoring cervical lordosis can vary from patient to patient. (drthomasgeroublog.com)
  • There are several treatment options available for managing lumbar lordosis. (drcric.com)
  • Finding lordosis early is important for treatment. (chkd.org)
  • Treatment depends on the cause of your child's lordosis and the amount of skeletal growth remaining for your child. (chkd.org)
  • Collectively these should build a permissive environment for the transcriptional activity essential for lordosis within 3-6 hours after E2-treatment. (siamtech.net)
  • When these muscles become tight, they can pull on your pelvis and increase the curvature of your lower back, leading to lumbar lordosis. (drcric.com)
  • Pregnancy also increases lumbar lordosis in women. (incels.wiki)
  • [7] [8] As such, lordosis is a behavioral disposition and reflex representing the quintessence of female submissiveness , passivity and lewdness . (incels.wiki)
  • I believe what Bancroft means here is that unlike, say, the rat or the common house cat, female primates do not have a lordosis reflex reaction when they are fertile. (blogspot.com)