Lymphogranuloma Venereum
Proctitis
Rectal Diseases
Chlamydia
Granuloma Inguinale
Ulcer
Chlamydophila psittaci
Genital Diseases, Male
Genital Diseases, Female
Psittacosis
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins
Disease Outbreaks
Lymphographic studies in acute lymphogranuloma venereum infection. (1/134)
Lymphography, a radiological method of demonstrating lymphatic channels and nodes, has been used to investigate three cases of acute bubonic lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). There is general agreement that LGV has a predilection for lymphatic channels and lymph nodes. However, very little is known of the extent of lymph node involvement in the early bubonic stage and whether there is merely a lymphangitis or complete lymphatic obstruction. The present study was undertaken to determine the lymphographic appearance in acute bubonic LGV, the extent of lymphatic node involvement in early LGV, and the usefulness of the procedure in the management of LGV patients. The buboes were not outlined by this procedure. The vessel phase of the lymphogram appeared normal, while the nodal phase showed a gradient of pathological involvement from the inguinal region lessening towards the lumbar nodes. The main drawbacks of lymphography in LGV are the difficulty of visualizing the lymphatics in the negroid skin and the lack of diagnostic criteria for inflammatory diseases of the lymphatic system. The lymphographic findings in LGV as described here may be regarded as typical of LGV but cannot be accepted as specific for LGV with a high degree of confidence. It is suggested that the procedure could be used for monitoring patients with the severe and late sequelae of LGV infection. (+info)Lymphogranuloma venereum presenting as a rectovaginal fistula. (2/134)
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a rare form of the sexually transmitted disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. In the United States, there are fewer than 350 cases per year. In a review of the world's literature, there has not been a case reported in the last thirty years of a case of LGV presenting as a rectovaginal fistula. We present a case of an otherwise healthy American woman who presented with a rectovaginal fistula. Although uncommon, LGV does occur in developed countries and may have devastating tissue destruction if not recognized and treated before the tertiary stage. (+info)Genital ulcers: etiology, clinical diagnosis, and associated human immunodeficiency virus infection in Kingston, Jamaica. (3/134)
Individuals presenting consecutively with genital ulcers in Kingston, Jamaica, underwent serological testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, chlamydial infection, and syphilis. Ulcer material was analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) analysis. DNA from herpes simplex virus (HSV), Haemophilus ducreyi, and Treponema pallidum was detected in 158 (52.0%), 72 (23.7%), and 31 (10.2%) of 304 ulcer specimens. Of the 304 subjects, 67 (22%) were HIV-seropositive and 64 (21%) were T. pallidum-seroreactive. Granuloma inguinale was clinically diagnosed in nine (13.4%) of 67 ulcers negative by M-PCR analysis and in 12 (5.1%) of 237 ulcers positive by M-PCR analysis (P = .03). Lymphogranuloma venereum was clinically diagnosed in eight patients. Compared with M-PCR analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of a clinical diagnosis of syphilis, herpes, and chancroid were 67.7%, 53.8%, and 75% and 91.2%, 83.6%, and 75.4%, respectively. Reactive syphilis serology was 74% sensitive and 85% specific compared with M-PCR analysis. Reported contact with a prostitute in the preceding 3 months was associated with chancroid (P = .009), reactive syphilis serology (P = .011), and HIV infection (P = .007). The relatively poor accuracy of clinical and locally available laboratory diagnoses pleads for syndromic management of genital ulcers in Jamaica. Prevention efforts should be intensified. (+info)Chancroid, primary syphilis, genital herpes, and lymphogranuloma venereum in Antananarivo, Madagascar. (4/134)
Ulcer material from consecutive patients attending clinics in Antananarivo, Madagascar, was tested using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) to detect Treponema pallidum, Haemophilus ducreyi, and herpes simplex virus. Sera were tested for syphilis and for IgG and IgM antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis by microimmunofluorescence testing (MIF). By M-PCR, 33% of 196 patients had chancroid, 29% had syphilitic ulcers, and 10% had genital herpes; 32% of the ulcer specimens were M-PCR negative. Compared with M-PCR, syphilis serology was 72% sensitive and 83% specific. The sensitivity of clinical diagnosis of syphilis, chancroid, and genital herpes was 93%, 53%, and 0% and specificity was 20%, 52%, and 99%, respectively. Less schooling was associated with increased prevalence of syphilitic ulcers (P=.001). Sixteen patients (8%) were clinically diagnosed with lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV); 1 plausible case of LGV was found by MIF. In Madagascar, primary care of genital ulcers should include syndromic treatment for syphilis and chancroid. (+info)Isolation in endothelial cell cultures of chlamydia trachomatis LGV (Serovar L2) from a lymph node of a patient with suspected cat scratch disease. (5/134)
An inguinal lymph node, removed from a 21-year-old Romanian man suspected of having cat scratch disease, was sent to our laboratory for Bartonella culture. Lymph node specimens were inoculated on blood-enriched agar and in an endothelial cell culture system using the centrifugation shell vial technique. Bacteria were grown in cell monolayers and detected as positive with an anti-Bartonella henselae rabbit serum. However, such bacteria were identified as Chlamydia trachomatis biovar LGV serovar L2 by PCR sequencing techniques. Pathological examination of tissue biopsies was compatible with either lymphogranuloma venereum or cat scratch disease. The shell vial system is suitable for isolation of intracellular pathogens responsible for chronic lymphadenopathies, including C. trachomatis, Bartonella species, Francisella tularensis, and mycobacteria. However, care should be taken when identifying Chlamydia spp. and Bartonella spp. using polyclonal antibodies, since species of both genera have common antigens which are responsible for cross-reactions. (+info)Chlamydiae as agents of sexually transmitted diseases. (6/134)
Chlamydiae are being increasingly recognized as an important cause of human disease. The known geographical distribution of lymphogranuloma venereum and the role of chlamydiae as agents of sexually transmitted diseases are reviewed. The presence of chlamydiae in the urethra and the cervix, and their etiological relationship to genital infections, first recognized in connexion with ocular infections, have been proved in a number of studies in selected populations in a few countries. Chlamydiae appear to be the most important agent of nongonococcal urethritis, which in some cases appears now to be more frequent than gonococcal urethritis. In addition to their association with cervicitis, chlamydiae appear also to be fairly frequent in the cervix of apparently normal, asymptomatic, and sexually active women. The role of chlamydiae as agents of other human diseases still requires to be clarified. The organisms have been found in association with pelvic inflammatory disease, neonatal pneumonia, pharyngitis, and otitis. There is need for additional studies in view of the fact that effective chemotherapy is available. An outline is given of laboratory methods that may be useful for the diagnosis of chlamydial infections. (+info)Direct detection and magnetic isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis major outer membrane protein-specific CD8+ CTLs with HLA class I tetramers. (7/134)
We recently identified HLA class I-presented epitopes in the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of Chlamydia trachomatis that elicit CTL responses in human genital tract infections. T cells possessing cytolytic activities specific for these epitopes could be detected following in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood CD8(+) T cells with peptides. In the present study we used HLA-A2 tetramers for detailed characterization of MOMP-specific CTL responses. Ex vivo tetramer analysis detected MOMP-specific T cells in the peripheral blood of infected individuals at significant frequencies (0.01-0.20% of CD8(+) T cells). After in vitro stimulation with peptides, the frequencies of MOMP peptide-specific T cells increased up to 2.34% of CD8(+) T cells in bulk cultures. In contrast, HLA-A2/MOMP tetramer-binding T cells were virtually undetectable in the peripheral blood from uninfected individuals, either ex vivo or after 3 wk of in vitro peptide stimulation of their T cells. Magnetically sorted, tetramer-bound T cells specifically lysed peptide-pulsed targets as well as C. trachomatis-infected epithelial cells with nearly 50-fold greater per cell efficiency than that of unsorted populations. This study provides conclusive evidence of in vivo induction of HLA class I-restricted CD8(+) CTL responses to C. trachomatis MOMP. Direct detection of these cells with tetramers will allow their further characterization without prior manipulation and facilitate monitoring of CTL responses during infections and in immunization trials with MOMP-based vaccines. (+info)Role of Bcl-2 family members in caspase-independent apoptosis during Chlamydia infection. (8/134)
Infection with an obligate intracellular bacterium, the Chlamydia trachomatis lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV/L2) strain or the guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis serovar of Chlamydia psittaci, leads to apoptosis of host cells. The apoptosis is not affected by a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor, and caspase-3 is not activated in infected cells, suggesting that apoptosis mediated by these two strains of Chlamydia is independent of known caspases. Overexpression of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member, Bax, was previously shown to induce caspase-independent apoptosis, and we find that Bax is activated and translocates from the cytosol to the mitochondria in C. psittaci-infected cells. C. psittaci-induced apoptosis is inhibited in host cells overexpressing Bax inhibitor-1 and is inhibited through overexpression of Bcl-2, which blocks both caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis. As Bax and mitochondria are ideally located to sense stress-related metabolic changes emanating from the interior of an infected cell, it is likely that Bax-dependent apoptosis may also be observed in cells infected with other intracellular pathogens. (+info)Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted infection caused by certain strains of the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. It primarily affects the lymphatic system, leading to inflammation and swelling of the lymph nodes, particularly in the genital area.
The progression of LGV typically occurs in three stages:
1. Primary stage: A small painless papule or ulcer forms at the site of infection, usually on the genitals, within 3-30 days after exposure. This stage is often asymptomatic and resolves on its own within a few weeks.
2. Secondary stage: Within a few weeks to months after the initial infection, patients may develop painful inguinal or femoral lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes) in the groin area, which can sometimes break open and drain. Other possible symptoms include fever, chills, malaise, headache, and joint pain.
3. Tertiary stage: If left untreated, LGV can lead to chronic complications such as fibrosis (scarring) and strictures of the lymphatic vessels, genital elephantiasis (severe swelling of the genitals), and rectovaginal fistulas (abnormal connections between the rectum and vagina).
LGV is more common in tropical and subtropical regions but has been increasingly reported in industrialized countries, particularly among men who have sex with men. Diagnosis typically involves laboratory testing of fluid from an infected lymph node or a sample from the genital ulcer. Treatment consists of antibiotics such as doxycycline, azithromycin, or erythromycin, which can effectively cure the infection if administered promptly.
Proctitis is a medical condition that refers to inflammation of the lining of the rectum, which is the lower end of the colon. The symptoms of proctitis may include rectal pain, discomfort, or a feeling of fullness; rectal bleeding, often in the form of mucus or blood; diarrhea; and urgency to have a bowel movement.
Proctitis can be caused by a variety of factors, including infections (such as sexually transmitted infections, foodborne illnesses, or inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis), radiation therapy, trauma, or autoimmune disorders. The diagnosis of proctitis typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and sometimes endoscopic procedures to visualize the rectum and take tissue samples for further testing. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medications, or other therapies.
'Chlamydia trachomatis' is a species of bacterium that is the causative agent of several infectious diseases in humans. It is an obligate intracellular pathogen, meaning it can only survive and reproduce inside host cells. The bacteria are transmitted through sexual contact, and can cause a range of genital tract infections, including urethritis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and epididymitis. In women, chlamydial infection can also lead to serious complications such as ectopic pregnancy and infertility.
In addition to genital infections, 'Chlamydia trachomatis' is also responsible for two other diseases: trachoma and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). Trachoma is a leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide, affecting mostly children in developing countries. It is spread through contact with contaminated hands, clothing, or eye secretions. LGV is a sexually transmitted infection that can cause inflammation of the lymph nodes, rectum, and genitals.
'Chlamydia trachomatis' infections are often asymptomatic, making them difficult to diagnose and treat. However, they can be detected through laboratory tests such as nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) or culture. Treatment typically involves antibiotics such as azithromycin or doxycycline. Prevention measures include safe sex practices, regular screening for STIs, and good hygiene.
Rectal diseases refer to conditions that affect the structure or function of the rectum, which is the lower end of the large intestine, just above the anus. The rectum serves as a storage area for stool before it is eliminated from the body. Some common rectal diseases include:
1. Hemorrhoids: Swollen veins in the rectum or anus that can cause pain, itching, bleeding, and discomfort.
2. Rectal cancer: Abnormal growth of cells in the rectum that can invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body.
3. Anal fissures: Small tears in the lining of the anus that can cause pain, bleeding, and itching.
4. Rectal prolapse: A condition where the rectum slips outside the anus, causing discomfort, fecal incontinence, and other symptoms.
5. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): A group of chronic inflammatory conditions that affect the digestive tract, including the rectum, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
6. Rectal abscess: A collection of pus in the rectum caused by an infection, which can cause pain, swelling, and fever.
7. Fistula-in-ano: An abnormal connection between the rectum and the skin around the anus, which can cause drainage of pus or stool.
8. Rectal foreign bodies: Objects that are accidentally or intentionally inserted into the rectum and can cause injury, infection, or obstruction.
These are just a few examples of rectal diseases, and there are many other conditions that can affect the rectum. If you experience any symptoms related to the rectum, it is important to seek medical attention from a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Proctocolitis is a medical condition that refers to inflammation of both the rectum (proctitis) and the colon (colitis). It can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and urgency to have a bowel movement. The inflammation can be caused by various factors, including infections, immune-mediated disorders, or irritants. In some cases, the specific cause of proctocolitis may not be identified (known as idiopathic proctocolitis). Treatment for proctocolitis depends on the underlying cause and may include medications to reduce inflammation, manage symptoms, and treat any underlying infections.
Chlamydia is a bacterial infection caused by the species Chlamydia trachomatis. It is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. The bacteria can infect the genital tract, urinary tract, eyes, and rectum. In women, it can also infect the reproductive organs and cause serious complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy.
Chlamydia is often asymptomatic, especially in women, which makes it easy to spread unknowingly. When symptoms do occur, they may include abnormal vaginal or penile discharge, burning sensation during urination, pain during sexual intercourse, and painful testicular swelling in men. Chlamydia can be diagnosed through a variety of tests, including urine tests and swab samples from the infected site.
The infection is easily treated with antibiotics, but if left untreated, it can lead to serious health complications. It's important to get tested regularly for STIs, especially if you are sexually active with multiple partners or have unprotected sex. Prevention methods include using condoms during sexual activity and practicing good personal hygiene.
Granuloma inguinale, also known as donovanosis, is a chronic bacterial infection that primarily affects the genital area, although it can spread to other parts of the body. It is caused by the bacterium Klebsiella granulomatis (formerly called Calymmatobacterium granulomatis). The infection results in painless, progressive ulcerative lesions that bleed easily and may cause significant scarring if left untreated.
The medical definition of Granuloma inguinale is:
A sexually transmitted infection caused by the intracellular bacterium Klebsiella granulomatis (formerly Calymmatobacterium granulomatis). The infection typically presents as painless, beefy-red, granulomatous ulcers or nodules in the genital, inguinal, and perianal regions. The lesions may bleed easily and can cause significant scarring if left untreated. Granuloma inguinale is prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas, such as parts of India, Papua New Guinea, central Australia, southern Africa, and the Caribbean. Diagnosis is typically made by identifying Donovan bodies (intracellular bacterial inclusions) in tissue smears or biopsy specimens. Treatment usually involves antibiotics such as azithromycin, doxycycline, or ciprofloxacin for several weeks to ensure complete eradication of the infection.
A medical definition of an ulcer is:
A lesion on the skin or mucous membrane characterized by disintegration of surface epithelium, inflammation, and is associated with the loss of substance below the normal lining. Gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers are types of peptic ulcers that occur in the gastrointestinal tract.
Another type of ulcer is a venous ulcer, which occurs when there is reduced blood flow from vein insufficiency, usually in the lower leg. This can cause skin damage and lead to an open sore or ulcer.
There are other types of ulcers as well, including decubitus ulcers (also known as pressure sores or bedsores), which are caused by prolonged pressure on the skin.
'Chlamydophila psittaci' is a gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium that causes psittacosis, also known as parrot fever. It is commonly found in birds, particularly parrots and psittacines, but can also infect other bird species, mammals, and humans. In humans, it can cause a wide range of symptoms, including fever, headache, cough, and pneumonia. Human-to-human transmission is rare, and the disease is typically acquired through inhalation of dried secretions or feces from infected birds.
Trachoma is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. It primarily affects the eyes, causing repeated infections that lead to scarring of the inner eyelid and eyelashes turning inward (trichiasis), which can result in damage to the cornea and blindness if left untreated.
The disease is spread through direct contact with eye or nose discharge from infected individuals, often through contaminated fingers, shared towels, or flies that have come into contact with the discharge. Trachoma is prevalent in areas with poor sanitation and limited access to clean water, making it a significant public health issue in many developing countries.
Preventive measures include improving personal hygiene, such as washing hands regularly, promoting facial cleanliness, and providing safe water and sanitation facilities. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to eliminate the infection and surgery for advanced cases with trichiasis or corneal damage.
Genital diseases in males refer to various medical conditions that affect the male reproductive and urinary systems, including the penis, testicles, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, and urethra. These conditions can be infectious, inflammatory, degenerative, or neoplastic (cancerous) in nature. Some common examples of male genital diseases include:
1. Balanitis: Inflammation of the foreskin and glans penis, often caused by infection, irritants, or poor hygiene.
2. Prostatitis: Inflammation of the prostate gland, which can be acute or chronic, bacterial or non-bacterial in origin.
3. Epididymitis: Inflammation of the epididymis, a coiled tube at the back of the testicle that stores and carries sperm. It is often caused by infection.
4. Orchitis: Inflammation of the testicle, usually resulting from infection or autoimmune disorders.
5. Testicular torsion: A surgical emergency characterized by twisting of the spermatic cord, leading to reduced blood flow and potential tissue damage in the testicle.
6. Varicocele: Dilated veins in the scrotum that can cause pain, discomfort, or fertility issues.
7. Peyronie's disease: A connective tissue disorder causing scarring and curvature of the penis during erections.
8. Penile cancer: Malignant growths on the penis, often squamous cell carcinomas, which can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated.
9. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): Non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland that can cause lower urinary tract symptoms such as difficulty initiating or maintaining a steady stream of urine.
10. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): Infectious diseases, like chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and human papillomavirus (HPV), that can be transmitted through sexual contact and affect the male genital region.
Medical definitions are often provided by authoritative medical bodies such as the World Health Organization (WHO) or the American Psychiatric Association (APA). It's important to note that these organizations have evolved their understanding and classification of homosexuality over time.
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), produced by the APA, sexual orientation is not considered a mental disorder. The manual does not provide a definition or classification for 'homosexuality, male' as a medical condition.
The current understanding in the medical community is that homosexuality is a normal and natural variation of human sexual orientation. It is not considered a disorder or an illness. The World Health Organization (WHO) removed homosexuality from its list of mental disorders in 1990.
Genital diseases in females refer to various medical conditions that affect the female reproductive system, including the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, and ovaries. These conditions can be caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, hormonal imbalances, or structural abnormalities. Some common examples of genital diseases in females include bacterial vaginosis, yeast infections, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and human papillomavirus (HPV), pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), endometriosis, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and vulvar or vaginal cancer. Symptoms of genital diseases in females can vary widely depending on the specific condition but may include abnormal vaginal discharge, pain or discomfort during sex, irregular menstrual bleeding, painful urination, and pelvic pain. It is important for women to receive regular gynecological care and screenings to detect and treat genital diseases early and prevent complications.
Chlamydia infections are caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis and can affect multiple body sites, including the genitals, eyes, and respiratory system. The most common type of chlamydia infection is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that affects the genitals.
In women, chlamydia infections can cause symptoms such as abnormal vaginal discharge, burning during urination, and pain in the lower abdomen. In men, symptoms may include discharge from the penis, painful urination, and testicular pain or swelling. However, many people with chlamydia infections do not experience any symptoms at all.
If left untreated, chlamydia infections can lead to serious complications, such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women, which can cause infertility and ectopic pregnancy. In men, chlamydia infections can cause epididymitis, an inflammation of the tube that carries sperm from the testicles, which can also lead to infertility.
Chlamydia infections are diagnosed through a variety of tests, including urine tests and swabs taken from the affected area. Once diagnosed, chlamydia infections can be treated with antibiotics such as azithromycin or doxycycline. It is important to note that treatment only clears the infection and does not repair any damage caused by the infection.
Prevention measures include practicing safe sex, getting regular STI screenings, and avoiding sharing towels or other personal items that may come into contact with infected bodily fluids.
Psittacosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydia psittaci, which is typically found in birds. It can be transmitted to humans through inhalation of dried secretions or feces from infected birds, and less commonly, through direct contact with infected birds or their environments. The disease is characterized by symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle aches, cough, and pneumonia. In severe cases, it can lead to respiratory failure, heart inflammation, and even death if left untreated. It's important to note that psittacosis is treatable with antibiotics, and early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for a favorable prognosis.
Bacterial outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are a type of protein found in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. The outer membrane is a unique characteristic of gram-negative bacteria, and it serves as a barrier that helps protect the bacterium from hostile environments. OMPs play a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity and selective permeability of the outer membrane. They are involved in various functions such as nutrient uptake, transport, adhesion, and virulence factor secretion.
OMPs are typically composed of beta-barrel structures that span the bacterial outer membrane. These proteins can be classified into several groups based on their size, function, and structure. Some of the well-known OMP families include porins, autotransporters, and two-partner secretion systems.
Porins are the most abundant type of OMPs and form water-filled channels that allow the passive diffusion of small molecules, ions, and nutrients across the outer membrane. Autotransporters are a diverse group of OMPs that play a role in bacterial pathogenesis by secreting virulence factors or acting as adhesins. Two-partner secretion systems involve the cooperation between two proteins to transport effector molecules across the outer membrane.
Understanding the structure and function of bacterial OMPs is essential for developing new antibiotics and therapies that target gram-negative bacteria, which are often resistant to conventional treatments.
A disease outbreak is defined as the occurrence of cases of a disease in excess of what would normally be expected in a given time and place. It may affect a small and localized group or a large number of people spread over a wide area, even internationally. An outbreak may be caused by a new agent, a change in the agent's virulence or host susceptibility, or an increase in the size or density of the host population.
Outbreaks can have significant public health and economic impacts, and require prompt investigation and control measures to prevent further spread of the disease. The investigation typically involves identifying the source of the outbreak, determining the mode of transmission, and implementing measures to interrupt the chain of infection. This may include vaccination, isolation or quarantine, and education of the public about the risks and prevention strategies.
Examples of disease outbreaks include foodborne illnesses linked to contaminated food or water, respiratory infections spread through coughing and sneezing, and mosquito-borne diseases such as Zika virus and West Nile virus. Outbreaks can also occur in healthcare settings, such as hospitals and nursing homes, where vulnerable populations may be at increased risk of infection.
Serotyping is a laboratory technique used to classify microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses, based on the specific antigens or proteins present on their surface. It involves treating the microorganism with different types of antibodies and observing which ones bind to its surface. Each distinct set of antigens corresponds to a specific serotype, allowing for precise identification and characterization of the microorganism. This technique is particularly useful in epidemiology, vaccine development, and infection control.
Lymphogranuloma venereum
Rectal discharge
Anilingus
Wilhelm Siegmund Frei
Julius Schachter
Rectovaginal fistula
Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome
Esthiomene
Molluscum contagiosum
Proctitis
1983 in science
Bubo
Proctocolitis
Inguinal lymphadenopathy
Safe sex
Frei test
Myra Adele Logan
Chlamydia trachomatis
Gamna-Favre bodies
Venereology
Vulvar cancer
Rectal douching
Enema
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Pierre Charles Huguier
Genital ulcer
List of skin conditions
Rectal tenesmus
List of MeSH codes (C01)
Elephantiasis
Lymphogranuloma venereum - Wikipedia
Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV): Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
Emergence of lymphogranuloma venereum in Canada | CMAJ
Lymphogranuloma Venereum Among Men Who Have Sex with Men --- Netherlands, 2003--2004
Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV): Symptoms & Treatment
Gays With Well-Controlled HIV Not Protected From Lymphogranuloma Venereum
Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV) Condition, Treatments and Pictures for Adults - Skinsight
Reactive arthritis associated with L2b lymphogranuloma venereum proctitis | Sexually Transmitted Infections
The molecular diagnosis of lymphogranuloma venereum: evaluation of a real-time multiplex polymerase chain reaction test using...
O002 Rates of asymptomatic lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) in men who have sex with men (MSM) | Sexually Transmitted Infections
Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV) - Infectious Diseases - MSD Manual Professional Edition
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) - Romanian | Translations
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) | Johns Hopkins ABX Guide
lymphogranuloma venereum
LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM
Lymphogranuloma Venereum Differential Diagnoses
Lymphogranuloma Venereum (Chlamydia trachomatis)| CDC
LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM (LGV) - Contact Tracing
Recommendations Continued | 2014 Laboratory Recommendations | CDC
lymphogranuloma venereum | Taber's Medical Dictionary
Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV) - Causes and Treatment.
Brief Review: Clinical and Epidemiologic Characteristics of Genital Skin Lesions Due to Infectious Causes | Health.mil
Prevention Guidelines Titles
2013 European guideline on the management of lymphogranuloma venereum. | Read by QxMD
Concern regarding the alleged spread of hypervirulent lymphogranuloma venereum Chlamydia trachomatis strain in Europe<...
February 1973 - Volume 51 - Issue 2 : Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Lymphadenopathy Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes
Homepage | European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
Chlamydia14
- also known as climatic bubo, Durand-Nicolas-Favre disease, poradenitis inguinale, lymphogranuloma inguinale, and strumous bubo) is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the invasive serovars L1, L2, L2a, L2b, or L3 of Chlamydia trachomatis. (wikipedia.org)
- Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by specific serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis (L1, L2, L3). (medscape.com)
- Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by infection with chlamydia trachomati bacteria. (clevelandclinic.org)
- A bacteria called Chlamydia trachomatis causes lymphogranuloma venereum. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually trans- mitted infection (STI) caused by the L1, L2, and L3 se- rovars of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT). (cdc.gov)
- Lymphogranuloma venereum is an uncommon sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by infection with the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis . (skinsight.com)
- The objectives of this study were to evaluate the use of a real-time multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) assay to differentiate between trachoma and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) biovars of Chlamydia trachomatis and to validate its performance with the conventional genotyping method. (nih.gov)
- Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a disease caused by 3 unique strains of Chlamydia trachomatis and characterized by a small, often asymptomatic skin lesion, followed by regional lymphadenopathy in the groin or pelvis. (msdmanuals.com)
- Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted infection caused by a particular strain of chlamydia bacteria. (nhsinform.scot)
- chlamydia and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). (advocatesaz.org)
- Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by three strains of the bacterium chlamydia trachomatis . (diseasesdic.com)
- Chlamydia can also lead to permanent rectal damage (damage to the back passage) in people with an STI called lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). (bupa.co.uk)
- Chlamydia trachomatis, serovar L2, is the causative agent of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), which during recent years has been responsible for various outbreaks reported among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Western Europe, America, Canada and Australia. (unl.pt)
- STDs that can cause proctitis include gonorrhea , herpes, chlamydia , and lymphogranuloma venereum . (medlineplus.gov)
Granuloma1
- Agents of lymphogranuloma venereum and granuloma inguinale. (rxlist.com)
Proctitis4
- citation needed] The rectal syndrome (lymphogranuloma venereum proctitis, or LGVP) arises if the infection takes place via the rectal mucosa (through anal sex) and is mainly characterized by proctocolitis or proctitis symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
- Lymphogranuloma venereum is suspected in patients who have genital ulcers, swollen inguinal lymph nodes, or proctitis and who live in, have visited, or have sexual contact with people from areas where infection is common. (msdmanuals.com)
- Lymphogranuloma venereum proctitis masquerading as inflammatory bowel disease in 12 homosexual men. (medscape.com)
- Proctitis as the clinical presentation of lymphogranuloma venereum, a re-emerging disease in developed countries. (medscape.com)
Infection4
- Challenging a hypothesis about development of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) in HIV-infected gay men, researchers in Great Britain found that a lower CD4 count and a higher viral load do not predispose men to this often painful sexually transmitted infection [1]. (natap.org)
- To prevent lymphogranuloma venereum infection, avoid sexual activity, or maintain a mutually monogamous long-term relationship with someone who is not infected and use latex condoms consistently and correctly when engaging in sexual activity. (skinsight.com)
- The prevalence of Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) infection in men who have sex with men: results of a multi-centre case finding study. (medscape.com)
- Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted infection caused by L1, L2, L3 serovars of C. trachomatis (CT). (biomedcentral.com)
Genital4
- The second stage of lymphogranuloma venereum begins two to six weeks after the primary genital lesion and consists of painful swelling of the groin or other lymph nodes. (skinsight.com)
- Do not attempt self-care if you suspect you might have lymphogranuloma venereum or if you have any sore or ulcer on the genital or rectal area. (skinsight.com)
- If you suspect that you or a partner may have lymphogranuloma venereum, or if you have a sore or discharge from the genital or rectal area, avoid sexual intercourse, notify all sexual contacts, and see your medical professional. (skinsight.com)
- Lymphogranuloma venereum presenting as genital ulceration and inguinal syndrome in men who have sex with men in London, United Kingdom. (medscape.com)
Proctocolitis1
- Lymphogranuloma venereum proctocolitis: a silent endemic disease in men who have sex with men in industrialised countries. (medscape.com)
Sexually transmi2
- Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted disease (STD). (clevelandclinic.org)
- This image displays very large lymph nodes in the groin, typical of the sexually transmitted disease lymphogranuloma venereum. (skinsight.com)
Symptoms3
- What are the symptoms of lymphogranuloma venereum? (clevelandclinic.org)
- The first 2 stages of lymphogranuloma venereum may be minor, and you might not even be aware of any symptoms until you reach stage 3, called the genitoanorectal syndrome. (skinsight.com)
- Anyone who has had sexual contact with a person with lymphogranuloma venereum within the 60 days before the onset of symptoms should be examined and tested for lymphogranuloma venereum. (skinsight.com)
Stages1
- Lymphogranuloma venereum occurs in 3 stages. (msdmanuals.com)
Emergence1
- Kapoor S. Re-emergence of lymphogranuloma venereum. (medscape.com)
Ulcer2
- A painless, open sore (ulcer) forms in the first stage of lymphogranuloma venereum. (skinsight.com)
- In the first stage of lymphogranuloma venereum, after a 3-30 day period, a small, painless papule (solid bump) or pustule (pus-filled bump) forms on the penis, scrotum, vulva, or in the vagina that may open and form an ulcer. (skinsight.com)
Inguinal1
- Pitfalls in the diagnosis and management of inguinal lymphogranuloma venereum: important lessons from a case series. (medscape.com)
Systemic1
- Lymphogranuloma Venereum (L.V.) is a specific and systemic infectious disease caused by a filterable virus and is usually acquired and spread by sexual relations. (stdpioneer.org)
Tropical2
- Tropical and subtropical regions have the highest incidence of lymphogranuloma venereum. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Lymphogranuloma venereum has been found in people all over the world, but it is more commonly seen in tropical and subtropical countries. (skinsight.com)
Common2
- How common is lymphogranuloma venereum? (clevelandclinic.org)
- Lymphogranuloma venereum is most common in those aged 15-40 years. (skinsight.com)
Cases1
- Fig. 1: Epidemic curve of the 13 cases in Canada of lymphogranuloma venereum reported to the Public Health Agency of Canada for which the date of symptom onset was known. (cmaj.ca)
Years1
- Sexually active people between ages 15 and 40 years old are at highest risk of lymphogranuloma venereum. (clevelandclinic.org)
Portugal1
- Lymphogranuloma venereum in Portugal: unusual events and new variants during 2007. (medscape.com)
Management3
- 2013 European guideline on the management of lymphogranuloma venereum. (medscape.com)
- Manifestations and management of lymphogranuloma venereum. (medscape.com)
- This is the update version of the 2010 European guideline on the management of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). (qxmd.com)
Europe1
- Stary G, Stary A. Lymphogranuloma venereum outbreak in Europe. (medscape.com)
Risk2
- How can I reduce my risk of lymphogranuloma venereum? (clevelandclinic.org)
- Anyone who has sex without condoms is at risk of becoming infected with lymphogranuloma venereum. (skinsight.com)
View1
- Nursing Central , nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Tabers-Dictionary/747621/all/lymphogranuloma_venereum. (unboundmedicine.com)
Rectal lymphogranuloma venereum1
- Rectal lymphogranuloma venereum surveillance in France 2004-2005. (medscape.com)
Trachomatis3
- We report an HIV-infected person who was treated for lym- DNA by the C. trachomatis / Neisseria gonorrhoeae RT- phogranuloma venereum cervical lymphadenopathy and PCR (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA). (cdc.gov)
- Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is caused by the L1, L2, and L3 serotypes of C trachomatis and primarily affects lymphatic tissue. (mhmedical.com)
- Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is another type of STD caused by C. trachomatis . (cdc.gov)
Sexually transmitte1
- Using condoms during genital sex can help prevent passing lymphogranuloma venereum and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) from one person to another. (msdmanuals.com)
20211
- 2021). Lymphogranuloma venereum. (mhmedical.com)
Inguinale1
- The synonym for LGV is lymphogranuloma inguinale. (vulvovaginaldisorders.org)
Diagnosis2
- Pitfalls in the diagnosis and management of inguinal lymphogranuloma venereum: important lessons from a case series. (medscape.com)
- The diagnosis of lymphogranuloma venereum is suspected in a person with typical symptoms and in whom other causes (such as chancroid, herpes, and syphilis) have been excluded. (definithing.com)
Outbreak1
- Stary G, Stary A. Lymphogranuloma venereum outbreak in Europe. (medscape.com)
Diagnostic1
- Lymphogranuloma venereum: diagnostic and treatment challenges. (wikem.org)
Serovars1
- Positive samples were re-tested at the Sexually Transmitted Bacteria Reference Laboratory, to confirm the result and identify lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)-associated serovars. (bmj.com)
Anorectal1
- We report the first case of anorectal lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) in a man who has sex with men (MSM) in Australia in the setting of the recent emergence of LGV among MSM in Europe and the USA. (monash.edu)
Lymphadenopathy1
- Unilateral left lymphadenopathy in a patient with lymphogranuloma venereum. (mhmedical.com)
Lymphatic1
- Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a primarily cutaneous, and sometimes systemic, sexually transmitted disease (STD), which primarily affects lymphatic tissue of the groin. (medscape.com)
Manifestations1
- Manifestations and management of lymphogranuloma venereum. (medscape.com)
20161
- Notes from the Field: Cluster of Lymphogranuloma Venereum Cases Among Men Who Have Sex with Men - Michigan, August 2015-April 2016. (medscape.com)
Clinical1
- Lymphogranuloma venereum presenting as perianal ulceration: an emerging clinical presentation? (scienceopen.com)
Symptoms2
- Lymphogranuloma venereum is suspected in people who have characteristic symptoms and who live in or have visited areas where the disease is common or who have had sexual contact with people from those areas. (msdmanuals.com)
- If exposure occurred within 30 days of the onset of their partner's symptoms of lymphogranuloma venereum, the exposed person should be treated. (definithing.com)
Uncommon1
- Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is an uncommon, contagious, sexually transmitted disease (STD). (scielo.br)
Laboratory1
- Use of real-time PCR as an alternative to conventional genotyping methods for the laboratory detection of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). (cdc.gov)
Disease1
- Lymphogranuloma venereum proctocolitis: a silent endemic disease in men who have sex with men in industrialised countries. (medscape.com)
Case1
- A case of late-stage lymphogranuloma venereum in a woman in Europe. (nih.gov)
Days1
- Once lymphogranuloma venereum is diagnosed, it is usually treated with doxycycline 100 mg twice per day by mouth for 21 days. (definithing.com)
Management1
- 2013 European guideline on the management of lymphogranuloma venereum. (medscape.com)
Disclaimer1
- Disclaimer: Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) definition / meaning should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. (definithing.com)