Jaw Fixation Techniques
Fracture Healing
Fracture Fixation
Fracture Fixation, Internal
Hip Fractures
Maxillofacial Injuries
Dental Occlusion, Traumatic
Splints
Mandibular Condyle
Accidents, Traffic
Radiography, Panoramic
Violence
Osteoporotic Fractures
Radius Fractures
Fractures, Spontaneous
Fractures, Stress
Femoral Neck Fractures
Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary
Rib Fractures
Skull Fractures
Vertical-split fracture of mandibular condyle and its sequelae. (1/105)
A case of vertical-split fracture of the right mandibular condyle and its sequelae is presented. The patient was a 16-year-old female being assessed for orthodontic treatment. Orthopantomograph and plain joint view radiographs showed a remodelled condyle which had suffered trauma 10 years previously. This type of fracture is unusual in nature but has not led to any secondary lack of growth, restriction of movement or facial asymmetry. (+info)The epidemiology of mandibular fractures treated at the Toronto general hospital: A review of 246 cases. (2/105)
BACKGROUND: Mandibular fractures constitute a substantial proportion of cases of maxillofacial trauma. This study investigated the incidence, causes and treatment of mandibular fractures at a hospital in Toronto. METHODS: The medical records and radiographs for 246 patients treated for mandibular fracture at the Toronto General Hospital over a 51 2-year period (from 1995 to 2000) were reviewed. Data on the patients age, sex, smoking status, alcohol and drug use, mechanism of injury, treatment modality, and post-operative complications were recorded and assessed. RESULTS: Men 21 to 30 years of age sustained the most mandibular fractures. The ratio of males to females was 5:1. Most fractures were caused by violent assault (53.5%), followed by falls (21.5%) and sports activities (12.2%). Alcohol was a contributing factor at the time of injury in 20.6% of fractures for which this information was available. Nearly half of all cases were treated by open reduction (49.1%). Complications occurred in 5.3% of patients. CONCLUSION: The incidence and causes of mandibular fracture reflect trauma patterns within the community and, as such, can provide a guide to the design of programs geared toward prevention and treatment. (+info)Management of traumatic dislocation of the mandibular condyle into the middle cranial fossa. (3/105)
Dislocation of the mandibular condyle into the middle cranial fossa is a rare complication of facial trauma that can have neurological and life-threatening implications. This article discusses the anatomic features that predispose patients to this type of injury, as well as the clinical features and mechanism of injury for this rare type of condylar deformity, to help practitioners recognize this easily overlooked injury and avoid disastrous complications. The article summarizes previously published case reports of this rare complication of condylar trauma and presents a case for which initial diagnosis and a management protocol are described. (+info)Principle and stability of locking plates. (4/105)
A new internal Mini-Locking-System was tested compared with conventional 2.0 mm Miniplates. Standardised osteotomies in the angular region of 16 human cadaver mandibles were fixed with a 6-hole-plate at the oblique line. Osteosynthesis and stability of fixation was proofed in a three-dimensional in-vitro-model in which functional load was simulated. Comparison of the different osteosynthesis techniques showed that in the case of Miniplate fixation torsion and gapping of the bone fragments occurred following plate application and screw tightening when the plates were pressed onto the bone, so last incongruences between bone surface and plate were transferred to the mobile bone fragments resulting in more extended gaps and torsion. This was only observed to a much lesser extent with the Mini-Locking-System due to the fixation principle avoiding pressure to the bone. During functional loading the Mini-Locking-System showed also a significant higher stability in comparison to conventional Miniplates. Due to the fixation method imitating the principles of a fixateur the screws form together with the plate and the cortical bone a frame construction. Loading forces are transmitted without the need of plate friction directly from bone over the screws to the plate resulting in higher stability. (+info)New innovations in craniomaxillofacial fixation: the 2.0 lock system. (5/105)
Rigid internal fixation with plates and screws is now standard for the treatment of fractures, osteotomies and reconstruction of the craniomaxillofacial skeleton. The latest innovations are self-drilling, self-tapping screws and locking miniplates. These screws offer the prospect of less instrumentation and faster application. Preclinical testing has shown them to be substantially more retentive in cancellous bone, a significant advance in cancellous block bone grafting. Locking 2.0 miniplates utilize double threaded screws which both lock to the bone and the plate creating a mini-internal fixator. This results in a more rigid construct with less distortion of the fracture or osteotomy, screws which do not loosen and less interference with bone circulation since the plate is not pressed tightly against the bone. Locking miniplates are designed for midface application in the repair of fractures, osteotomies and defects. Three configurations in a variety of shapes and lengths are available for mandibular surgery. The thinner and medium varieties are useful in transoral plating of fractures utilizing the Champy technique. The heavier, longer variety are used in unilateral edentulous fractures in the symphysis and parasymphysis as well as an aid to tumor resection and reconstruction with both free and vascularized grafts. They are not designed to replace the heavier 2.4 locking reconstruction plates designed for complex fractures or extensive reconstructions. (+info)Spontaneous mandibular fracture in a partially edentulous patient: case report. (6/105)
This article describes the case of a 78-year-old patient whose mandibular fracture was treated with miniplate osteosynthesis. After initial treatment, panoramic radiography revealed a fracture of the miniplate, and at follow-up, a loosening of the replacement plate. For the dental practitioner, this clinical case highlights the importance of panoramic radiography and occlusal analysis and stabilization for diagnosis of mandibular fracture, evaluation of miniplate fracture and treatment, especially in the absence of trauma. (+info)Spontaneous bone regeneration of the mandible in an elderly patient: a case report and review of the literature. (7/105)
Spontaneous bone regeneration is an unexpected phenomenon that may take place in large mandibular defects secondary to trauma and tumor resection. One explanation for this unusual healing course is that it may be derived from the mechanism of fracture healing. A review of the literature presents several factors that may influence this process, such as the presence of periosteum and bony fragments, mandibular stabilization, soft tissue protection, the presence of infection, and a young age. Previous reports of spontaneous mandibular regeneration have all taken place in relatively young patients (5-35 years old). This paper reports a case of spontaneous bone regeneration in a 58-year-old woman who sustained an injury to her mandible from an explosive blast, and presents some explanations on how such an event could take place. (+info)MR imaging of traumatic lesions of the inferior alveolar nerve in patients with fractures of the mandible. (8/105)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to assess whether MR imaging can image the neurovascular bundle in patients with fractures of the mandible. In addition, an attempt was made to evaluate whether MR images provide information regarding the continuity of the inferior alveolar nerve before surgery and regarding signal intensity changes after trauma. METHODS: We analyzed preoperative MR images of 23 patients with mandibular fractures. Object-oriented sagittal view proton density- and T1-weighted sequences (before and after the administration of contrast agent) were used not only in an attempt to obtain purely qualitative information regarding nerve continuity in the neurovascular bundle (inferior alveolar nerve, artery, vein) but also to perform quantitative region-of-interest measurements of signal intensities at four defined measurement sites. The measurements were compared with those obtained for a patient population with healthy mandibles. RESULTS: It was possible to interpret MR images in 21 cases. MR imaging findings showed that the neurovascular bundle had been cut in two patients and was intact in the remaining 19 patients. These MR imaging findings were confirmed intraoperatively in all cases. Although we found no significant signal intensity differences between patients with intact nerves and patients with cut nerves, we found significant differences between patients with mandibular fractures and patients with unremarkable mandibles. CONCLUSION: It is possible to diagnose the interruption of nerve continuity by using MR imaging. Signal intensity measurements in the neurovascular bundle provide no information regarding nerve continuity. (+info)A mandibular fracture is a break or crack in the lower jaw (mandible) bone. It can occur at any point along the mandible, but common sites include the condyle (the rounded end near the ear), the angle (the curved part of the jaw), and the symphysis (the area where the two halves of the jaw meet in the front). Mandibular fractures are typically caused by trauma, such as a direct blow to the face or a fall. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, bruising, difficulty chewing or speaking, and malocclusion (misalignment) of the teeth. Treatment usually involves immobilization with wires or screws to allow the bone to heal properly.
Jaw fixation techniques, also known as maxillomandibular fixation (MMF), are procedures used in dental and oral surgery to hold the jaw in a specific position. This is typically done by wiring the upper and lower teeth together or using elastic bands and other devices to keep the jaws aligned. The technique is often used after surgical procedures on the jaw, such as corrective jaw surgery (orthognathic surgery) or fracture repair, to help promote proper healing and alignment of the bones. It may also be used in the management of temporomandibular joint disorders or other conditions affecting the jaw. The duration of jaw fixation can vary depending on the specific procedure and individual patient needs, but it typically lasts several weeks.
Fracture healing is the natural process by which a broken bone repairs itself. When a fracture occurs, the body responds by initiating a series of biological and cellular events aimed at restoring the structural integrity of the bone. This process involves the formation of a hematoma (a collection of blood) around the fracture site, followed by the activation of inflammatory cells that help to clean up debris and prepare the area for repair.
Over time, specialized cells called osteoblasts begin to lay down new bone matrix, or osteoid, along the edges of the broken bone ends. This osteoid eventually hardens into new bone tissue, forming a bridge between the fracture fragments. As this process continues, the callus (a mass of newly formed bone and connective tissue) gradually becomes stronger and more compact, eventually remodeling itself into a solid, unbroken bone.
The entire process of fracture healing can take several weeks to several months, depending on factors such as the severity of the injury, the patient's age and overall health, and the location of the fracture. In some cases, medical intervention may be necessary to help promote healing or ensure proper alignment of the bone fragments. This may include the use of casts, braces, or surgical implants such as plates, screws, or rods.
A bone fracture is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of a bone due to external or internal forces. Fractures can occur in any bone in the body and can vary in severity from a small crack to a shattered bone. The symptoms of a bone fracture typically include pain, swelling, bruising, deformity, and difficulty moving the affected limb. Treatment for a bone fracture may involve immobilization with a cast or splint, surgery to realign and stabilize the bone, or medication to manage pain and prevent infection. The specific treatment approach will depend on the location, type, and severity of the fracture.
Fracture fixation is a surgical procedure in orthopedic trauma surgery where a fractured bone is stabilized using various devices and techniques to promote proper healing and alignment. The goal of fracture fixation is to maintain the broken bone ends in correct anatomical position and length, allowing for adequate stability during the healing process.
There are two main types of fracture fixation:
1. Internal fixation: In this method, metal implants like plates, screws, or intramedullary rods are inserted directly into the bone to hold the fragments in place. These implants can be either removed or left in the body once healing is complete, depending on the type and location of the fracture.
2. External fixation: This technique involves placing pins or screws through the skin and into the bone above and below the fracture site. These pins are then connected to an external frame that maintains alignment and stability. External fixators are typically used when there is significant soft tissue damage, infection, or when internal fixation is not possible due to the complexity of the fracture.
The choice between internal and external fixation depends on various factors such as the type and location of the fracture, patient's age and overall health, surgeon's preference, and potential complications. Both methods aim to provide a stable environment for bone healing while minimizing the risk of malunion, nonunion, or deformity.
Fracture fixation, internal, is a surgical procedure where a fractured bone is fixed using metal devices such as plates, screws, or rods that are implanted inside the body. This technique helps to maintain the alignment and stability of the broken bone while it heals. The implants may be temporarily or permanently left inside the body, depending on the nature and severity of the fracture. Internal fixation allows for early mobilization and rehabilitation, which can result in a faster recovery and improved functional outcome.
A hip fracture is a medical condition referring to a break in the upper part of the femur (thigh) bone, which forms the hip joint. The majority of hip fractures occur due to falls or direct trauma to the area. They are more common in older adults, particularly those with osteoporosis, a condition that weakens bones and makes them more prone to breaking. Hip fractures can significantly impact mobility and quality of life, often requiring surgical intervention and rehabilitation.
Maxillofacial injuries, also known as facial trauma, refer to injuries that occur in the face and/or maxillofacial region. This region includes the bones of the upper jaw (maxilla), lower jaw (mandible), cheeks, eyes, nose, and forehead. Maxillofacial injuries can range from minor soft tissue injuries, such as lacerations or bruises, to more severe injuries involving fractures of the facial bones. These types of injuries may result from various causes, including motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, interpersonal violence, and falls. Treatment for maxillofacial injuries typically involves a multidisciplinary approach, involving specialists such as oral and maxillofacial surgeons, plastic surgeons, and emergency medicine physicians.
Dental occlusion, traumatic is a term used to describe an abnormal bite or contact between the upper and lower teeth that results in trauma or injury to the oral structures. This can occur when there is a discrepancy in the alignment of the teeth or jaws, such as an overbite, underbite, or crossbite, which causes excessive force or pressure on certain teeth or tissues.
Traumatic dental occlusion can result in various dental and oral health issues, including tooth wear, fractures, mobility of teeth, gum recession, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. It is important to diagnose and treat traumatic dental occlusion early to prevent further damage and alleviate any discomfort or pain. Treatment options may include orthodontic treatment, adjustment of the bite, restoration of damaged teeth, or a combination of these approaches.
A femoral fracture is a medical term that refers to a break in the thigh bone, which is the longest and strongest bone in the human body. The femur extends from the hip joint to the knee joint and is responsible for supporting the weight of the upper body and allowing movement of the lower extremity. Femoral fractures can occur due to various reasons such as high-energy trauma, low-energy trauma in individuals with weak bones (osteoporosis), or as a result of a direct blow to the thigh.
Femoral fractures can be classified into different types based on their location, pattern, and severity. Some common types of femoral fractures include:
1. Transverse fracture: A break that occurs straight across the bone.
2. Oblique fracture: A break that occurs at an angle across the bone.
3. Spiral fracture: A break that occurs in a helical pattern around the bone.
4. Comminuted fracture: A break that results in multiple fragments of the bone.
5. Open or compound fracture: A break in which the bone pierces through the skin.
6. Closed or simple fracture: A break in which the bone does not pierce through the skin.
Femoral fractures can cause severe pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty walking or bearing weight on the affected leg. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests such as X-rays or CT scans. Treatment may involve surgical intervention, including the use of metal rods, plates, or screws to stabilize the bone, followed by rehabilitation and physical therapy to restore mobility and strength.
A third molar is the most posterior of the three molars present in an adult human dental arch. They are also commonly known as wisdom teeth, due to their late eruption period which usually occurs between the ages of 17-25, a time traditionally associated with gaining maturity and wisdom.
Anatomically, third molars have four cusps, making them the largest of all the teeth. However, not everyone develops third molars; some people may have one, two, three or no third molars at all. In many cases, third molars do not have enough space to fully erupt and align properly with the rest of the teeth, leading to impaction, infection, or other dental health issues. As a result, third molars are often extracted if they cause problems or if there is a risk they will cause problems in the future.
A splint is a device used to support, protect, and immobilize injured body parts, such as bones, joints, or muscles. It can be made from various materials like plastic, metal, or fiberglass. Splints are often used to keep the injured area in a stable position, reducing pain, swelling, and further damage while the injury heals. They come in different shapes and sizes, tailored to fit specific body parts and injuries. A splint can be adjustable or custom-made, depending on the patient's needs. It is essential to follow healthcare professionals' instructions for using and caring for a splint to ensure proper healing and prevent complications.
The mandibular condyle is a part of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in the human body. It is a rounded eminence at the end of the mandible (lower jawbone) that articulates with the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone in the skull, allowing for movements such as opening and closing the mouth, chewing, speaking, and swallowing. The mandibular condyle has both a fibrocartilaginous articular surface and a synovial joint capsule surrounding it, which provides protection and lubrication during these movements.
A spinal fracture, also known as a vertebral compression fracture, is a break in one or more bones (vertebrae) of the spine. This type of fracture often occurs due to weakened bones caused by osteoporosis, but it can also result from trauma such as a car accident or a fall.
In a spinal fracture, the front part of the vertebra collapses, causing the height of the vertebra to decrease, while the back part of the vertebra remains intact. This results in a wedge-shaped deformity of the vertebra. Multiple fractures can lead to a hunched forward posture known as kyphosis or dowager's hump.
Spinal fractures can cause pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the back, legs, or arms, depending on the location and severity of the fracture. In some cases, spinal cord compression may occur, leading to more severe symptoms such as paralysis or loss of bladder and bowel control.
Traffic accidents are incidents that occur when a vehicle collides with another vehicle, a pedestrian, an animal, or a stationary object, resulting in damage or injury. These accidents can be caused by various factors such as driver error, distracted driving, drunk driving, speeding, reckless driving, poor road conditions, and adverse weather conditions. Traffic accidents can range from minor fender benders to severe crashes that result in serious injuries or fatalities. They are a significant public health concern and cause a substantial burden on healthcare systems, emergency services, and society as a whole.
A comminuted fracture is a type of bone break where the bone is shattered into three or more pieces. This type of fracture typically occurs after high-energy trauma, such as a car accident or a fall from a great height. Commminuted fractures can also occur in bones that are weakened by conditions like osteoporosis or cancer. Because of the severity and complexity of comminuted fractures, they often require extensive treatment, which may include surgery to realign and stabilize the bone fragments using metal screws, plates, or rods.
Panoramic radiography is a specialized type of dental X-ray imaging that captures a panoramic view of the entire mouth, including the teeth, upper and lower jaws, and surrounding structures. It uses a special machine that rotates around the head, capturing images as it moves. This technique provides a two-dimensional image that is helpful in diagnosing and planning treatment for various dental conditions such as impacted teeth, bone abnormalities, and jaw disorders.
The panoramic radiograph can also be used to assess the development and positioning of wisdom teeth, detect cysts or tumors in the jaws, and evaluate the effects of trauma or injury to the mouth. It is a valuable tool for dental professionals as it allows them to see a comprehensive view of the oral structures, which may not be visible with traditional X-ray techniques.
It's important to note that while panoramic radiography provides valuable information, it should be used in conjunction with other diagnostic tools and clinical examinations to ensure accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
Athletic injuries are damages or injuries to the body that occur while participating in sports, physical activities, or exercise. These injuries can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
1. Trauma: Direct blows, falls, collisions, or crushing injuries can cause fractures, dislocations, contusions, lacerations, or concussions.
2. Overuse: Repetitive motions or stress on a particular body part can lead to injuries such as tendonitis, stress fractures, or muscle strains.
3. Poor technique: Using incorrect form or technique during exercise or sports can put additional stress on muscles, joints, and ligaments, leading to injury.
4. Inadequate warm-up or cool-down: Failing to properly prepare the body for physical activity or neglecting to cool down afterwards can increase the risk of injury.
5. Lack of fitness or flexibility: Insufficient strength, endurance, or flexibility can make individuals more susceptible to injuries during sports and exercise.
6. Environmental factors: Extreme weather conditions, poor field or court surfaces, or inadequate equipment can contribute to the risk of athletic injuries.
Common athletic injuries include ankle sprains, knee injuries, shoulder dislocations, tennis elbow, shin splints, and concussions. Proper training, warm-up and cool-down routines, use of appropriate protective gear, and attention to technique can help prevent many athletic injuries.
Violence is not typically defined in medical terms, but it can be described as the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation. This definition is often used in public health and medical research to understand the impact of violence on health outcomes.
An accidental fall is an unplanned, unexpected event in which a person suddenly and involuntarily comes to rest on the ground or other lower level, excluding intentional changes in position (e.g., jumping to catch a ball) and landings that are part of a planned activity (e.g., diving into a pool). Accidental falls can occur for various reasons, such as environmental hazards, muscle weakness, balance problems, visual impairment, or certain medical conditions. They are a significant health concern, particularly among older adults, as they can lead to serious injuries, loss of independence, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality.
Osteoporotic fractures are breaks or cracks in bones that occur as a result of osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones. Osteoporosis causes bones to lose density and strength, making them more susceptible to fractures, even from minor injuries or falls.
The most common types of osteoporotic fractures are:
1. Hip fractures: These occur when the upper part of the thigh bone (femur) breaks, often due to a fall. Hip fractures can be serious and may require surgery and hospitalization.
2. Vertebral compression fractures: These occur when the bones in the spine (vertebrae) collapse, causing height loss, back pain, and deformity. They are often caused by everyday activities, such as bending or lifting.
3. Wrist fractures: These occur when the bones in the wrist break, often due to a fall. Wrist fractures are common in older adults with osteoporosis.
4. Other fractures: Osteoporotic fractures can also occur in other bones, such as the pelvis, ribs, and humerus (upper arm bone).
Prevention is key in managing osteoporosis and reducing the risk of osteoporotic fractures. This includes getting enough calcium and vitamin D, engaging in regular weight-bearing exercise, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, and taking medications as prescribed by a healthcare provider.
A radius fracture is a break in the bone that runs from the wrist to the elbow, located on the thumb side of the forearm. Radius fractures can occur as a result of a fall, direct blow to the forearm, or a high-energy collision such as a car accident. There are various types of radius fractures, including:
1. Distal radius fracture: A break at the end of the radius bone, near the wrist joint, which is the most common type of radius fracture.
2. Radial shaft fracture: A break in the middle portion of the radius bone.
3. Radial head and neck fractures: Breaks in the upper part of the radius bone, near the elbow joint.
4. Comminuted fracture: A complex radius fracture where the bone is broken into multiple pieces.
5. Open (compound) fracture: A radius fracture with a wound or laceration in the skin, allowing for communication between the outside environment and the fractured bone.
6. Intra-articular fracture: A radius fracture that extends into the wrist joint or elbow joint.
7. Torus (buckle) fracture: A stable fracture where one side of the bone is compressed, causing it to buckle or bend, but not break completely through.
Symptoms of a radius fracture may include pain, swelling, tenderness, bruising, deformity, limited mobility, and in some cases, numbness or tingling in the fingers. Treatment options depend on the type and severity of the fracture but can range from casting to surgical intervention with implant fixation.
Tooth extraction is a dental procedure in which a tooth that is damaged or poses a threat to oral health is removed from its socket in the jawbone. This may be necessary due to various reasons such as severe tooth decay, gum disease, fractured teeth, crowded teeth, or for orthodontic treatment purposes. The procedure is performed by a dentist or an oral surgeon, under local anesthesia to numb the area around the tooth, ensuring minimal discomfort during the extraction process.
Spontaneous fractures are bone breaks that occur without any identifiable trauma or injury. They are typically caused by underlying medical conditions that weaken the bones, making them more susceptible to breaking under normal stress or weight. The most common cause of spontaneous fractures is osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones. Other potential causes include various bone diseases, certain cancers, long-term use of corticosteroids, and genetic disorders affecting bone strength.
It's important to note that while the term "spontaneous" implies that the fracture occurred without any apparent cause, it is usually the result of an underlying medical condition. Therefore, if you experience a spontaneous fracture, seeking medical attention is crucial to diagnose and manage the underlying cause to prevent future fractures and related complications.
Stress fractures are defined as small cracks or severe bruising in bones that occur from repetitive stress or overuse. They most commonly occur in weight-bearing bones, such as the legs and feet, but can also occur in the arms, hips, and back. Stress fractures differ from regular fractures because they typically do not result from a single, traumatic event. Instead, they are caused by repeated stress on the bone that results in microscopic damage over time. Athletes, military personnel, and individuals who engage in high-impact activities or have weak bones (osteoporosis) are at increased risk of developing stress fractures. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, tenderness, and difficulty walking or bearing weight on the affected bone.
A femoral neck fracture is a type of hip fracture that occurs in the narrow, vertical section of bone just below the ball of the femur (thigh bone) that connects to the hip socket. This area is called the femoral neck. Femoral neck fractures can be categorized into different types based on their location and the direction of the fractured bone.
These fractures are typically caused by high-energy trauma, such as car accidents or falls from significant heights, in younger individuals. However, in older adults, particularly those with osteoporosis, femoral neck fractures can also result from low-energy trauma, like a simple fall from standing height.
Femoral neck fractures are often serious and require prompt medical attention. Treatment usually involves surgery to realign and stabilize the broken bone fragments, followed by rehabilitation to help regain mobility and strength. Potential complications of femoral neck fractures include avascular necrosis (loss of blood flow to the femoral head), nonunion or malunion (improper healing), and osteoarthritis in the hip joint.
An ulna fracture is a break in the ulna bone, which is one of the two long bones in the forearm. The ulna is located on the pinky finger side of the forearm and functions to support the elbow joint and assist in rotation and movement of the forearm. Ulna fractures can occur at various points along the bone, including the shaft, near the wrist, or at the elbow end of the bone. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, bruising, tenderness, deformity, limited mobility, and in some cases, numbness or tingling in the fingers. Treatment typically involves immobilization with a cast or splint, followed by rehabilitation exercises to restore strength and range of motion. In severe cases, surgery may be required to realign and stabilize the fractured bone.
Intramedullary fracture fixation is a surgical technique used to stabilize and align bone fractures. In this procedure, a metal rod or nail is inserted into the marrow cavity (intramedullary canal) of the affected bone, spanning the length of the fracture. The rod is then secured to the bone using screws or other fixation devices on either side of the fracture. This provides stability and helps maintain proper alignment during the healing process.
The benefits of intramedullary fixation include:
1. Load sharing: The intramedullary rod shares some of the load bearing capacity with the bone, which can help reduce stress on the healing bone.
2. Minimal soft tissue dissection: Since the implant is inserted through the medullary canal, there is less disruption to the surrounding muscles, tendons, and ligaments compared to other fixation methods.
3. Biomechanical stability: Intramedullary fixation provides rotational and bending stiffness, which helps maintain proper alignment of the fracture fragments during healing.
4. Early mobilization: Patients with intramedullary fixation can often begin weight bearing and rehabilitation exercises earlier than those with other types of fixation, leading to faster recovery times.
Common indications for intramedullary fracture fixation include long bone fractures in the femur, tibia, humerus, and fibula, as well as certain pelvic and spinal fractures. However, the choice of fixation method depends on various factors such as patient age, fracture pattern, location, and associated injuries.
Rib fractures are breaks or cracks in the bones that make up the rib cage, which is the protective structure around the lungs and heart. Rib fractures can result from direct trauma to the chest, such as from a fall, motor vehicle accident, or physical assault. They can also occur from indirect forces, such as during coughing fits in people with weakened bones (osteoporosis).
Rib fractures are painful and can make breathing difficult, particularly when taking deep breaths or coughing. In some cases, rib fractures may lead to complications like punctured lungs (pneumothorax) or collapsed lungs (atelectasis), especially if multiple ribs are broken in several places.
It is essential to seek medical attention for suspected rib fractures, as proper diagnosis and management can help prevent further complications and promote healing. Treatment typically involves pain management, breathing exercises, and, in some cases, immobilization or surgery.
A skull fracture is a break in one or more of the bones that form the skull. It can occur from a direct blow to the head, penetrating injuries like gunshot wounds, or from strong rotational forces during an accident. There are several types of skull fractures, including:
1. Linear Skull Fracture: This is the most common type, where there's a simple break in the bone without any splintering, depression, or displacement. It often doesn't require treatment unless it's near a sensitive area like an eye or ear.
2. Depressed Skull Fracture: In this type, a piece of the skull is pushed inward toward the brain. Surgery may be needed to relieve pressure on the brain and repair the fracture.
3. Diastatic Skull Fracture: This occurs along the suture lines (the fibrous joints between the skull bones) that haven't fused yet, often seen in infants and young children.
4. Basilar Skull Fracture: This involves fractures at the base of the skull. It can be serious due to potential injury to the cranial nerves and blood vessels located in this area.
5. Comminuted Skull Fracture: In this severe type, the bone is shattered into many pieces. These fractures usually require extensive surgical repair.
Symptoms of a skull fracture can include pain, swelling, bruising, bleeding (if there's an open wound), and in some cases, clear fluid draining from the ears or nose (cerebrospinal fluid leak). Severe fractures may cause brain injury, leading to symptoms like confusion, loss of consciousness, seizures, or neurological deficits. Immediate medical attention is necessary for any suspected skull fracture.
Mandibular fracture
Coronoid process of the mandible
Müller AO Classification of fractures
Mandibular setback surgery
Condyloid process
Mandibular fossa
Hemotympanum
Gephyrosaurus
Henry Pickerill
Skull fracture
Robert G. Hale
Bone segment navigation
Inferior alveolar nerve
Cervical fracture
Metaphyseal dysplasia
Frey's syndrome
Cosmetic surgery in South Korea
Mandible
Dislocation of jaw
Osteomyelitis of the jaws
Submental space
Lucien Baudens
Dental emergency
Hyoid bone fracture
Professional Medical Film
Panoramic radiograph
Pterygomandibular space
Submasseteric space
Overdenture
Ludwig's angina
Mandibular fracture - Wikipedia
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Burning Mouth Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Anatomy and Physiology, Pathophysiology
Clinical Indicator
Iatrogenic mandibular fracture associated with third molar removal. Can it be prevented?<...
Jaw Injuries | Jaw Disorders | MedlinePlus
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Vol. 11 No. 2 (2012) | Nigerian Journal of Orthopaedics and Trauma
Pathologic mandibular fracture after biting crab shells following ramal bone graft. | Dent Traumatol;32(5): 421-4, 2016 Oct. ...
Functional appliance treatment for mandibular fractures: A systematic review with meta-analyses. | J Oral Rehabil;48(8): 945...
View of Efficacy of ultrasonography in diagnosis of temporomandibular joint soft tissue injury induced by mandibular fractures:...
THE CONDITION OF PERIODONTAL TISSUES IN PATIENTS WITH MANDIBULAR FRACTURES IN COMBINATION WITH INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF...
Treatment of Adult Subcondylar Mandibular Fractures: Closed vs Open vs Endoscopic Approach | Facial Plastic Surgery | JAMA...
Third molar7
- These fractures are proximal to the third molar. (medscape.com)
- Current publications have demonstrated that the third molar not erupted increases the risk of mandibular angle fracture, and may prevent the condylar fracture. (bvsalud.org)
- The aim of this study is to report through a case study the involvement of a third molar in mandibular fracture line. (bvsalud.org)
- Iatrogenic mandibular fracture associated with third molar removal. (tau.ac.il)
- A case of mandibular angle fracture during third molar extraction in a 37-year-old female is reported. (tau.ac.il)
- Dive into the research topics of 'Iatrogenic mandibular fracture associated with third molar removal. (tau.ac.il)
- Any pathology or fractures associated with mandibular third molar. (who.int)
Condylar fracture7
- People will also be very sensitive to touching the area of the jaw that is broken, or in the case of condylar fracture the area just in front of the tragus of the ear. (wikipedia.org)
- In the case of a unilateral condylar fracture the back teeth on the side of the fracture will meet and the open bite will get progressively greater towards the other side of the mouth. (wikipedia.org)
- Unilateral condylar fracture may cause restricted and painful jaw movement. (wikipedia.org)
- Axial computed tomography scan of a left condylar fracture, with lateral displacement of the proximal condylar fragment. (medscape.com)
- Posteroanterior radiographic view of a left condylar fracture. (medscape.com)
- Towne radiographic view of the left condylar fracture. (medscape.com)
- Eg a blow to the jaw from the right side will result in right parasymphysis fracture and left condylar fracture. (intelligentdental.com)
Condyle10
- For fractures that occur in the non-tooth bearing area (condyle, ramus, and sometimes the angle) an open bite is an important clinical feature since little else, other than swelling, may be apparent. (wikipedia.org)
- page number needed This type of fractured mandible can involve one condyle (unilateral) or both (bilateral). (wikipedia.org)
- Posteroanterior radiographic view of the left condyle and right parasymphyseal fracture. (medscape.com)
- Fractures of parasymphysis (70.5%), body(10.4%), angle(7.8%), condyle(5.9%), dentoalveolar(2%) and symphysis(1.3%) are the most common sites while fractures of ramus(0.7%), coronoid(0.7%) and subcondyle(0.7%)are the least common fracture sites. (apjhs.com)
- The mandibular condyle was the most common site of fracture in this study found in a vast majority of trauma patients (n = 42, 42.5%) involving 36 males and 6 females followed by the mandibular angle (20.6%), parasymphysis (12.5%) and dentoalveolar. (oraljournal.com)
- The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of direct transcortical stabilization of fracture dislocations of the mandibular condyle (FDMCs) using narrow-diameter non-threaded Kirschner wire (K-wire). (njfacialsurgery.com)
- Fracture dislocation of the mandibular condyle (FDMC) extending into the joint capsule can add to the degree of complexity. (njfacialsurgery.com)
- With innovations in surgical technique and imaging technology, classification schemes have further subdivided fractures of the head of the condyle that compromise the anatomic and functional integrity of the TMJ. (njfacialsurgery.com)
- the condyle process has a thin neck and thus is susceptible to fracture. (intelligentdental.com)
- Fracture can occur on both right and left side (bilateral condyle fracture) or just on any one side (unilateral fracture). (intelligentdental.com)
Pattern of mandibular fractures2
- The aim of this study is to compare the pattern of mandibular fractures and to evaluate the outcome of treatment of these fractures by inter-maxillary fixation (IMF) in two government hospitals in Nigeria. (ajol.info)
- To assess the pattern of mandibular fractures in a known population. (oraljournal.com)
Ramus4
- If the bones fracture and overlie each other there may be shortening of the height of the ramus. (wikipedia.org)
- The mandibular ramus is considered an appropriate choice for reconstruction of maxillofacial defects because of sufficient amounts of material and fewer donor site complications . (bvsalud.org)
- Although bone harvesting from the mandibular ramus has many advantages, in rare cases it can result in pathologic fracture of the mandible . (bvsalud.org)
- Fractures of the peri-condylar region of the mandibular ramus are a unique surgical challenge. (njfacialsurgery.com)
Complications12
- Other rare complications of mandibular trauma include internal carotid artery injury, and obliteration of the ear canal due to posterior condylar dislocation. (wikipedia.org)
- Aim and Objectives: To study the age and sex , etiological factors causing mandibular fracture, types of fractures, its modalities of treatment and complications associated with various modalities of treatment. (apjhs.com)
- This approach to managing the fracture was taken instead of an open reduction and plate application to be less invasive with the hope of a faster recovery and fewer complications. (bgsu.edu)
- The fracture healed and aligned properly, and after six weeks, the patient was cleared for competition and returned to full activities, with no complications. (bgsu.edu)
- The posttraumatic suppurative inflammatory complications of the mandibular fractures frequency depending on the initial stage of periodontal disease are marked. (ssmj.ru)
- Critical size defects of the mandible often occur after fracture complications, osteonecrosis or after removal of mandibular tumors. (frontiersin.org)
- Some fractures may lead to serious complications including a condition known as compartment syndrome . (wikipedia.org)
- Other complications may include non-union, where the fractured bone fails to heal, or malunion, where the fractured bone heals in a deformed manner. (wikipedia.org)
- [5] Complications of fractures may be classified into three broad groups, depending upon their time of occurrence. (wikipedia.org)
- Immediate complications - occurs at the time of the fracture. (wikipedia.org)
- Early complications - occurring in the initial few days after the fracture. (wikipedia.org)
- Late complications - occurring a long time after the fracture. (wikipedia.org)
Fixation of mandibular3
- Orthodontic fixation of mandibular fracture: a case report. (lookfordiagnosis.com)
- This case report focuses on the use of a minimally invasive transbuccal method in open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular angle fractures, as well as the limits and benefits of doing so. (journalcra.com)
- The transbuccal method is a minimally invasive, cosmetic, and better alternative to the extraoral approach for rigid internal fixation of mandibular fractures, with a very low complication rate 1. (journalcra.com)
Symphyseal fracture3
- Bilateral condylar fractures combined with a symphyseal fracture is sometimes termed a guardsman's fracture. (wikipedia.org)
- As a supplement to the authors' video presentation, the present article focuses on repair of the symphyseal fracture and bilateral condylar injuries in the pediatric patient. (nih.gov)
- This image also shows a right symphyseal fracture. (medscape.com)
Trauma10
- Mandibular fractures are typically the result of trauma. (wikipedia.org)
- Condylar fractures are deep, so it is rare to see significant swelling although, the trauma can cause fracture of the bone on the anterior aspect of the external auditory meatus so bruising or bleeding can sometimes be seen in the ear canal. (wikipedia.org)
- 1 to 4 days) were examined because of mandibular trauma. (uzh.ch)
- Before the invention of the automobile, mandibular fractures were most often caused by assault or other blunt trauma to the jaw. (medscape.com)
- The radiologic workup of a suspected mandibular fracture initially depends on whether the patient presents with an isolated injury or with multi-injury trauma. (medscape.com)
- Orbital fractures in craniofacial trauma in Goteborg: trauma scoring, operative techniques, and outcome. (thejcdp.com)
- Trauma exerted onto the head and neck region can cause a fracture to any of the bones. (intelligentdental.com)
- [1] A bone fracture may be the result of high force impact or stress , or a minimal trauma injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis , osteopenia , bone cancer , or osteogenesis imperfecta , where the fracture is then properly termed a pathologic fracture . (wikipedia.org)
- The results provide a clinical reference for developing timely and effective treatment pro-grammes for patients with mandibular fractures caused by maxillofacial trauma. (uwi.edu)
- Signs of head trauma may include swelling of the nose or around the eyes, bleeding from the ears, mouth or nose, bleeding into the eye, unequal pupil size or fractures of the skull. (petplace.com)
Etiology4
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution, etiology and type of mandibular fractures in subjects referred to our institution. (ac.ir)
- These fractures carry different etiology and treatment considerations with them when compared with similar types of injuries in adults. (afrjtrauma.com)
- Etiology and patterns of facial fractures in the United Arab Emirates. (thejcdp.com)
- Differences in the etiology of mandibular fractures in Kuwai, Canada and Finland. (thejcdp.com)
Maxillofacial3
- The third case involved ingestion of multiple avulsed teeth into the alimentary tract following severe maxillofacial fractures. (lookfordiagnosis.com)
- A retrospective study of selected oral and maxillofacial fractures in a group of Jordanian children. (thejcdp.com)
- Maxillofacial fractures in Hamedan province, Iran: a retrospective study (1987-2001). (thejcdp.com)
Type of fracture2
- Lacerations may provide diagnostic evidence of the type of fracture sustained. (medscape.com)
- Treatment modalities for this type of fracture vary and can be a topic of controversy. (njfacialsurgery.com)
Anatomic location2
- Fractures of the mandibular body may be classified by anatomic location, condition and position of teeth relative to the fracture, favorableness, or type. (medscape.com)
- Given its prominent anatomic location, the mandible is one of the most commonly fractured facial bones. (medscape.com)
Facial9
- Unusual dental injuries following facial fractures: report of three cases. (lookfordiagnosis.com)
- The aim of this report is to emphasize the possibility of associated dental injuries in patients with facial fractures. (lookfordiagnosis.com)
- Only in 12.8 %( 32) of cases the mandible fracture is associated with other facial bone fractures while in majority 87.2% (218) no such associated injury was observed. (apjhs.com)
- Among the cases having multiple site fractures (65),fracture parasymphysis+angle is the commonest(64.6%), The most common associated injury are to other facial bones, in which maxilla involved more i.e., 22 cases (8.8%) followed by 10 cases (4%) of Zygoma. (apjhs.com)
- Intermaxillary fixation is an essential part of treatment of fractures of the facial bones. (journalcra.com)
- Postoperative parameters of relevance included infection, facial nerve function, hardware removal, mandibular range of motion, and radiographic determination of fracture union. (njfacialsurgery.com)
- Sports-related facial fractures: a review of 137 patients. (thejcdp.com)
- Assault-related facial fractures: does the injury mechanism matter? (helsinki.fi)
- Is there a role for perioperative use of dexamethasone in facial fracture surgery? (helsinki.fi)
Angle fractures1
- Purpose: To compare the intra-oral approach using a contra-angled hand piece with the standard transbuccal approach in the treatment of mandibular angle fractures. (uwc.ac.za)
Radiography2
- The single most informative radiologic study used in mandibular fracture diagnosis is panoramic radiography. (medscape.com)
- The fracture was confirmed via panoramic radiography and treated with a closed reduction under local anesthetic by looping a 26-gauge wire around the two right incisors and the right cuspid. (bgsu.edu)
Right parasymphysis1
- right parasymphysis mandibular fracture - S02.69XA Procedures: 1. (aapc.com)
Trismus2
- citation needed] Other symptoms may include loose teeth (teeth on either side of the fracture will feel loose because the fracture is mobile), numbness (because the inferior alveolar nerve runs along the jaw and can be compressed by a fracture) and trismus (difficulty opening the mouth). (wikipedia.org)
- Additionally, these patients may require mandibular exercises to prevent trismus. (medscape.com)
Modalities2
- Evidence demonstrates that there is no need to apply different treatment modalities to mandibular fractures regardless of whether the factures are favorable. (medscape.com)
- Although titanium screws and plate fixation are the most commonly used modalities for fixation, use of Kirschner pins has been described for fixation of condylar fractures. (njfacialsurgery.com)
Bilateral condylar2
- Bilateral condylar fractures may cause the above signs and symptoms, but on both sides. (wikipedia.org)
- A total of 115 patients had bilateral fractures out of which 29 had parasymphysis, 12 had body fractures and 74 had bilateral condylar fractures. (ac.ir)
Body fractures3
- Body fractures occur between the distal aspect of the canines and a hypothetical line corresponding to the anterior attachment of the masseter. (medscape.com)
- Body fractures often are unfavorable because of the actions of the masseter, temporalis, and medial pterygoid muscles, which distract the proximal segment superomedially. (medscape.com)
- Martins WD, Fávaro DM, de Oliveira Ribas M, Martins G. Dentoalveolar and Mandibular Body Fractures Caused by a Horse Kick: Report of a Case. (thejcdp.com)
Patients15
- Patients with isolated nondisplaced or minimally displaced condylar fractures may be treated with analgesics, soft diet, and close observation. (medscape.com)
- Patients with coronoid process fractures may be treated similarly. (medscape.com)
- A comparative bi-centre retrospective study of all consecutive patients with fractures of the mandible was carried out in hospitals: Ring-road State Specialist Hospital, (RRSH) Ibadan, in Oyo State and University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, (UPTH) Port Harcourt, Rivers State. (ajol.info)
- There were a total of 22 fracture sites in the 19 cases seen in RRSH, 16 patients had unilateral site and 3 had bilateral fractures. (ajol.info)
- A total of 20 fractures were seen in the 16 cases in UPTH, 13 cases were unilateral fracture sites, 2 patients had bilateral and 1 patient had 3 sites of involvement. (ajol.info)
- Patients and Methods: Thirty patients with isolated fractures of the mandibular angle were treated by open reduction and internal fixation using one three-dimensional "strut" or "geometric" Synthes® angle plate. (uwc.ac.za)
- In patients with multiple injuries due to an automobile accident, surgeons may not give mandibular fractures the highest priority, but early detection of such fractures is important because early reduction is associated with improved outcomes. (medscape.com)
- 92% (230) Patients had a unilateral mandibular fractures while 8% (20) patients had bilateral fractures. (apjhs.com)
- Mandibular fractures can be complicated and demanding, and have a compelling impact on patients' quality of life. (ac.ir)
- Majority of patients (n = 49, 49%) had unilateral type of mandibular fractures followed by 35 (35%) patients with bilateral fractures. (oraljournal.com)
- As a nurse, your role is crucial in providing comprehensive care to patients with jaw fractures, aiming to promote healing, manage pain, and maintain oral health. (madeformedical.com)
- Mandibular collum fractures among growing patients can lead to abnormal growth , function, esthetics and ultimately quality of life . (bvsalud.org)
- Aim of the present systematic review was to critically appraise existing evidence on the outcome of functional appliance treatment among growing patients with mandibular collum fractures. (bvsalud.org)
- The immobilization of broken fragments by two-jaw anchor splints in patients with the mandibular fractures in a combination with inflammatory diseases ofperiodontium usually causes the exacerbation and progression of the diseases and growing progressively worsening ofperiodontium status. (ssmj.ru)
- This retrospective review reports on the treatment outcomes for 12 patients (15 fractures) with FDMCs treated with open reduction using transcortical 0.027-inch K-wire stabilization. (njfacialsurgery.com)
Radiographic7
- Satisfactory healing of the fractures based on clinical and radiographic findings was achieved in all the cases seen in RRSH while15 of the 16 cases in UPTH had satisfactory outcome, 1 case had occlusal disharmony. (ajol.info)
- With computed tomography (CT) scanning and panoramic imaging in addition to the basic mandibular radiographic study, a comprehensive evaluation and subsequent identification of all but the most subtle fractures can be achieved. (medscape.com)
- Panoramic radiographic image shows a left angle fracture extending to and dislodging the molar. (medscape.com)
- If only an isolated mandibular fracture is suspected, radiographic evaluation should begin with the acquisition of a posteroanterior (PA) view, a Towne view (anteroposterior [AP] axial view), and bilateral oblique views. (medscape.com)
- Posteroanterior radiographic view showing a left angle fracture. (medscape.com)
- Posteroanterior radiographic view of a fracture of the left body and angle. (medscape.com)
- The radiographic examination showed an image compatible with left mandibular angle fracture, with involvement of the element 38 in the fracture line. (bvsalud.org)
Treatment13
- This procedure may be an effective and economic on-farm treatment alternative for calves with rostral mandibular fractures. (uzh.ch)
- Delayed union, nonunion, and malunion are of concern in evaluating the response of mandibular fractures to treatment. (medscape.com)
- After adequate treatment and immobilization are instituted, the fracture should resume normal healing. (medscape.com)
- The treatment consisted of extra-oral surgery, performing reduction and fixation of fractured segments with the use of dynamic compression plate. (bvsalud.org)
- The importance of this case report is to show that closed reduction is a viable, if not preferred, treatment for mandibular fractures in certain cases, and healthcare professionals, such as athletic trainers, working with lacrosse players should be familiar with this treatment strategy. (bgsu.edu)
- Present article is the case study and reports the results and outcomes of treatment of a bilateral traumatic mandibular fracture with orthodontic bracket system for a prolonged maxillomandibular immobilization. (journalcra.com)
- Functional appliance treatment for mandibular fractures: A systematic review with meta-analyses. (bvsalud.org)
- Eight databases were searched up to October 2020 for randomised and non-randomised clinical studies assessing functional appliance treatment outcome for children with mandibular fractures . (bvsalud.org)
- Treatment outcome might be influenced by patient age, patient sex and severity/localisation of the fracture, but the quality of evidence for all analyses was very low due to methodological limitations leading to bias . (bvsalud.org)
- Excluded from this study were concomitant maxillary and other midfacial fractures and late repairs performed as a result of complication of previous treatment. (njfacialsurgery.com)
- Several benign and malignment tumors occur in the mandible ( 8 ) and the treatment may require segmental mandibular resection. (frontiersin.org)
- 2 of them became permanent- ly paraplegic and 2 others who had severe thoracic vertebral fractures and paraplegia on first observation were transferred to other hospitals for treatment. (who.int)
- 2 Treatment of pathological fractures of the mandible is often difficult as bone is limited or compromised by underlying disease, resulting in problematic fixation. (bmj.com)
Hematoma4
- The hematoma may spread downwards and backwards behind the ear, which may be confused with Battle's sign (a sign of a base of skull fracture), although this is an uncommon finding so if present, intra-cranial injury must be ruled out. (wikipedia.org)
- Hematoma and ecchymosis may alert the clinician to a mandibular fracture. (medscape.com)
- Stages in Fracture Repair: The healing of a bone fracture follows a series of progressive steps: (a) A fracture hematoma forms. (wikipedia.org)
- The natural process of healing a fracture starts when the injured bone and surrounding tissues bleed, forming a fracture hematoma . (wikipedia.org)
Minimally displaced1
- The present case illustrates a nonsurgical method of fixing a minimally displaced mandibular fracture with use of an easily prepared orthodontic appliance. (lookfordiagnosis.com)
Rostral2
- Clinical findings: Physical examination indicated that each calf had an open fracture of the mandibular pars incisiva (rostral mandibular fracture) with ventral displacement of the incisors at the affected region. (uzh.ch)
- Clinical relevance: 3 calves with open rostral mandibular fractures were successfully managed by surgical debridement and primary closure of the oral laceration. (uzh.ch)
Mandible fractures4
- Mandible fractures are also described by the relationship between the direction of the fracture line and the effect of muscle distraction on fracture fragments. (medscape.com)
- Mandible fractures are favorable when muscles tend to draw bony fragments together and unfavorable when bony fragments are displaced by muscle forces. (medscape.com)
- 218 cases (87.2%) are mandible fractures, which are exceeding over associated injuries. (apjhs.com)
- Our study reported that parasymphysis was the most common region involved in mandible fractures. (ac.ir)
Parasymphysis fracture1
- A 19-year-old male collegiate lacrosse player suffered an acute singular parasymphysis fracture of the mandible when he was struck in the facemask of his helmet by a lacrosse ball during practice. (bgsu.edu)
Unilateral fractures2
- out of which 151 subjects had double contralateral and 42 had double unilateral fractures. (ac.ir)
- Frequency of unilateral fractures was higher. (oraljournal.com)
Anterior3
- Additionally, the mylohyoid muscle and anterior belly of the digastric muscle may contribute to the unfavorable nature of this fracture by displacing the fractured segment posteriorly and inferiorly. (medscape.com)
- Displaced fragments from a fractured anterior wall may cause stenosis of the canal and must be reduced or removed surgically after a general anesthetic is given. (msdmanuals.com)
- Pertinent to burning mouth syndrome (BMS), the lingual branch of the mandibular nerve (V3) supplies the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. (medscape.com)
Workup1
- Radiologic evaluation is a standard component of the workup of a suspected mandibular fracture (see the images below). (medscape.com)
Radiograph shows1
- The normal Towne view in this radiograph shows the mandibular condyles well. (medscape.com)
Surgical1
- Surgical management of maxillary and mandibular fractures in an eastern bluetongue skink , Tiliqua scincoides scincoides. (avma.org)
Temporomandibular joint1
- First, these fractures are in close proximity to the temporomandibular joint, which is probably the most important structure for maintaining a normal chewing function. (jamanetwork.com)
Subcondylar4
- This coronal computed tomography scan clearly shows a right subcondylar fracture. (medscape.com)
- Closed reduction with rigid and/or elastic maxillomandibular fixation provides results as good as open techniques in the management of subcondylar mandibular fractures. (jamanetwork.com)
- Subcondylar mandibular fractures differ from the fractures located more distally in the mandible for 2 main reasons. (jamanetwork.com)
- By definition, subcondylar fractures refer to fractures located below the deepest portion of the sigmoid notch and their management is probably the most controversial. (jamanetwork.com)
Fragments2
- Subacutely, plain radiographs show no healing between bone fragments and, chronically, show rounding of the fracture segment edges. (medscape.com)
- In more severe cases, the bone may be broken into several fragments, known as a comminuted fracture . (wikipedia.org)
Dislocation3
- The intraoral approach may be used in fractures with no or only slight dislocation. (medscape.com)
- The extraoral approach is necessary with fractures that have a high degree of dislocation or comminution, because placing longer and stronger plates is difficult via the intraoral approach. (medscape.com)
- This technique is particularly effective in managing capsular fractures with dislocation of the condylar head, where smaller proximal segments can be fragile under compression with threaded screws. (njfacialsurgery.com)
Nasal Fracture2
Internal fixation1
- Mandibular fractures can be managed through closed reduction and fixation or by way of open reduction and internal fixation. (medscape.com)
Pathological fractures1
- A previous study reported that most open fractures occurred in tooth-bearing regions and involved tooth roots ( 6 ) with mandibular first molar tooth being the most frequently involved also in pathological fractures ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Maxillary2
- The second patient sustained intrusion of molars into the maxillary sinus following maxillary and mandibular fractures . (lookfordiagnosis.com)
- Somatosensory innervation is provided by the maxillary (V2) and mandibular (V3) branches of the trigeminal nerve and the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX). (medscape.com)
Coronoid process1
- Bilateral reflex fracture of the coronoid process of the mandible . (lookfordiagnosis.com)
Bone graft2
- Pathologic mandibular fracture after biting crab shells following ramal bone graft. (bvsalud.org)
- Here, we present a case of 59-year-old man who suffered a pathologic mandible fracture related to biting hard foods , such as crab shells, after a sinus bone lifting with ramal bone graft procedure performed 2 weeks prior. (bvsalud.org)
Occur3
- Mandibular fractures occur most commonly among males in their 30s. (wikipedia.org)
- These fractures tend to occur in the body or in symphysis-parasymphysis areas. (medscape.com)
- Most commonly mandibular fractures occur in the premolar and molar region ( 1 ) involving the first mandibular molar tooth (309/409) predominately ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
Symptoms1
- Damage to adjacent structures such as nerves, muscles or blood vessels, spinal cord, and nerve roots (for spine fractures), or cranial contents (for skull fractures) may cause other specific signs and symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
Displacement1
- Horizontally unfavorable fractures allow displacement of segments in the vertical plane. (medscape.com)
Condyles1
- While some evidence exists that functional appliances might lead to good clinical rehabilitation of fractured mandibular condyles , including considerable bone remodelling, available studies are small and have methodological weaknesses. (bvsalud.org)
Patient1
- For her new patient visit, the correct diagnosis would be S02.200A (fracture of nasal bones initi. (aapc.com)
Management2
- The purpose of this case report is to highlight the occurrence of mandibular fracture in 7-year-old caused by horse-kick and its subsequent management by open cap-splint with circum-mandibular wiring. (afrjtrauma.com)
- Conservative approach in the management of mandibular fractures in the early dentition phase. (thejcdp.com)
Extraoral approach1
- The extraoral approach is also undertaken with fractures lying between the inferior and lingual aspects of the body. (medscape.com)