Marek Disease Vaccines
Herpesvirus 2, Gallid
Protection of chickens against very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and Marek's disease virus (MDV) with a recombinant MDV expressing IBDV VP2. (1/232)
To develop a herpes virus vaccine that can induce immunity for an extended period, a recombinant Marek's disease (MD) virus (MDV) CVI-988 strain expressing infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) host-protective antigen VP2 at the US2 site (rMDV) was developed under the control of an SV40 early promoter. Chickens vaccinated with the rMDV showed no clinical signs and no mortality and 55% of the chickens were considered protected histopathologically after challenge with very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV), whereas all of the chickens vaccinated with the conventional IBDV vaccine showed no clinical signs and were protected. Chickens vaccinated with the CVI-988 or chickens in the challenge control showed severe clinical signs and high mortality (70-75%) and none of them were protected. Also, the rMDV conferred full protection to chickens against vvMDV just as the CVI-988 strain did, whereas 90% of the challenge control chickens died of MD. Antibody levels against IBDV and MDV following the vaccination increased continuously for at least 10 weeks. No histopathological lesions in the rMDV-vaccinated chickens and no contact transmission of the rMDV to their penmates were confirmed. These results demonstrate that an effective and safe recombinant herpesvirus-based IBD vaccine could be constructed by expressing the VP2 antigen at the US2 site of the CVI-988 vaccine strain. (+info)Electron microscopic and immunohistochemical localization of Marek's disease (MD) herpesvirus particles in MD skin lymphomas. (2/232)
Skin lymphomas induced in 11 specific-pathogen-free chickens by inoculation at 1 day of age with Marek's disease virus (MDV) were biopsied weekly and examined by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. In the sequentially biopsied lymphomas, immature MDV particles (abortive replication) were found only in the nuclei of necrotic lymphoblasts within necrotizing neoplasms. The necrotizing lymphomas were observed in two of the 11 experimental birds and were associated with prominent vascular endothelial cell injury, including fibrinoid necrosis of blood vessels. Nonnecrotizing lymphomas biopsied sequentially from the 11 experimental birds did not contain virus particles of any kind in the lymphoblasts and had no distinct vascular lesions. Immunohistochemically, MDV early antigen (pp38), but not late antigens (glycoproteins B and C), was detected only in the necrotizing lymphomas. These findings indicate that abortive MDV replication mainly occurred in necrotic lymphoblasts, which might have been induced by ischemia. (+info)Identification of the Marek's disease virus serotype 2 genes homologous to the glycoprotein B (UL27), ICP18.5 (UL28) and major DNA-binding protein (UL29) genes of herpes simplex virus type 1. (3/232)
We determined the nucleotide sequence of non-pathogenic Marek's disease virus serotype 2 (MDV2) strain HPRS24 glycoprotein B (gB) (UL27), ICP18.5 (UL28) and major DNA-binding protein (MDBP) (UL29) genes homologous to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The sequence data revealed that important motives in the proteins are conserved in MDV2 ICP18.5 and MDBP, however the sequence of viral DNA replication origin which exists in the regions between the UL29 and UL30 genes of other alphaherpesviruses was not found in the regions of the MDV2 genome. By northern blot analyses, we also demonstrated that 8.9, 5.0 and 2.6 kb transcripts were actually transcribed from the sequenced region in MDV2-infected cells. The MDV2 UL28 and UL29 genes have not been reported in other serotypes of MDV. (+info)Development of an effective polyvalent vaccine against both Marek's and Newcastle diseases based on recombinant Marek's disease virus type 1 in commercial chickens with maternal antibodies. (4/232)
An earlier report (M. Sakaguchi et al., Vaccine 16:472-479, 1998) showed that recombinant Marek's disease virus type 1 (rMDV1) expressing the fusion (F) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV-F) under the control of the simian virus 40 late promoter [rMDV1-US10L(F)] protected specific pathogen-free chickens from NDV challenge, but not commercial chickens with maternal antibodies against NDV and MDV1. In the present study, we constructed an improved polyvalent vaccine based on MDV1 against MDV and NDV in commercial chickens with maternal antibodies. The study can be summarized as follows. (i) We constructed rMDV1 expressing NDV-F under the control of the MDV1 glycoprotein B (gB) promoter [rMDV1-US10P(F)]. (ii) Much less NDV-F protein was expressed in cells infected with rMDV1-US10P(F) than in those infected with rMDV1-US10L(F). (iii) The antibody response against NDV-F and MDV1 antigens of commercial chickens vaccinated with rMDV1-US10P(F) was much stronger and faster than with rMDV1-US10L(F), and a high level of antibody against NDV-F persisted for over 80 weeks postvaccination. (iv) rMDV1-US10P(F) was readily reisolated from the vaccinated chickens, and the recovered viruses were found to express NDV-F. (v) Vaccination of commercial chickens having maternal antibodies to rMDV1-US10P(F) completely protected them from NDV challenge. (vi) rMDV1-US10P(F) offered the same degree of protection against very virulent MDV1 as the parental MDV1 and commercial vaccines. These results indicate that rMDV1-US10P(F) is an effective and stable polyvalent vaccine against both Marek's and Newcastle diseases even in the presence of maternal antibodies. (+info)Inhibitory effects of nitric oxide and gamma interferon on in vitro and in vivo replication of Marek's disease virus. (5/232)
The replication of Marek's disease herpesvirus (MDV) and herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cultures was inhibited by the addition of S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, a nitric oxide (NO)-generating compound, in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of CEF culture, prepared from 11-day-old embryos, with recombinant chicken gamma interferon (rChIFN-gamma) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in production of NO which was suppressed by the addition of N(G)-monomethyl L-arginine (NMMA), an inhibitor of inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Incubation of CEF cultures for 72 h prior to treatment with rChIFN-gamma plus LPS was required for optimal NO production. Significant differences in NO production were observed in CEF derived from MDV-resistant N2a (major histocompatibility complex [MHC], B(21)B(21)) and MDV-susceptible S(13) (MHC, B(13)B(13)) and P2a (MHC, B(19)B(19)) chickens. N2a-derived CEF produced NO earlier and at higher levels than CEF from the other two lines. The lowest production of NO was detected in P2a-derived CEF. NO production in chicken splenocyte cultures followed a similar pattern, with the highest levels of NO produced in cultures from N2a chickens and the lowest levels produced in cultures from P2a chickens. Replication of MDV and HVT was significantly inhibited in CEF cultures treated with rChIFN-gamma plus LPS and producing NO. The addition of NMMA to CEF treated with rChIFN-gamma plus LPS reduced the inhibition. MDV infection of chickens treated with S-methylisothiourea, an inhibitor of iNOS, resulted in increased virus load compared to nontreated chickens. These results suggest that NO may play an important role in control of MDV replication in vivo. (+info)Expression of cytokine genes in Marek's disease virus-infected chickens and chicken embryo fibroblast cultures. (6/232)
The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis and immunity of Marek's disease (MD), a herpesvirus-induced T-cell lymphoma in chickens, is poorly understood. Two different experiments were used to examine the potential role of particular cytokines in the pathogenesis and immune responses of MD. First, chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or recombinant chicken interferon-gamma (rChIFN-gamma) and used to develop techniques for examining transcription of IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-8 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Addition of LPS and/or rChIFN-gamma resulted in the up-regulation of mRNA for iNOS, IL-1beta and IL-6, while IFN-gamma was up-regulated by LPS alone. IL-2 was down-regulated by the treatments. Second, to determine the effects of Marek's disease herpesvirus (MDV) infection on cytokine transcription in vivo, chickens were infected with MDV at 21 days of age and examined at 7 days post-infection (p.i.) (exp. 1) or were infected with MDV at 1 day of age and examined from 3 to 15 days p.i. (exp. 2). In MDV-infected chickens, IFN-gamma transcription was up-regulated as early as 3 days p.i. until the termination of the experiment at 15 days p.i., while iNOS and IL-1beta were up-regulated between 6 and 15 days p.i. Infection of 1-day-old chicks increased levels of mRNA for IFN-gamma and iNOS between 16- and 64-fold at 9 days p.i. These results suggest that IFN-gamma and iNOS may play an important role in the pathogenesis of MD. (+info)Virologic and serologic studies of zoo birds for Marek's disease virus infection. (7/232)
One hundred and eleven zoo birds representing 49 species in 14 orders were examined for Marek's disease (MD) herpesvirus (MDHV) infection. MDHV was isolated from 10 birds, all belonging to genus Gallus. The precipitating antibodies against MDHV were demonstrated only in the Gallus birds, when 51 selected birds including 34 Galliformes and 17 other birds representing 12 species from nine orders were examined. The 10 MDHV isolates all induced morphologically similar plaques in cell cultures closely resembling those of HN strain, a low pathogenic isolate of MDHV. Six of the 10 isolates, when inoculated into an experimental line of chickens highly susceptible to MD, caused only a minimal degree of histologic lesions without causing clinical MD, gross MD lesions, or deaths from MD. Natural hosts of MD are probably Galliformes, primarily affecting Gallus and less often other genera of Galliformes. (+info)The genome of a very virulent Marek's disease virus. (8/232)
Here we present the first complete genomic sequence, with analysis, of a very virulent strain of Marek's disease virus serotype 1 (MDV1), Md5. The genome is 177,874 bp and is predicted to encode 103 proteins. MDV1 is colinear with the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) within the unique long (UL) region, and it is most similar at the amino acid level to MDV2, herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT), and nonavian herpesviruses equine herpesviruses 1 and 4. MDV1 encodes 55 HSV-1 UL homologues together with 6 additional UL proteins that are absent in nonavian herpesviruses. The unique short (US) region is colinear with and has greater than 99% nucleotide identity to that of MDV1 strain GA; however, an extra nucleotide sequence at the Md5 US/short terminal repeat boundary results in a shorter US region and the presence of a second gene (encoding MDV097) similar to the SORF2 gene. MD5, like HVT, encodes an ICP4 homologue that contains a 900-amino-acid amino-terminal extension not found in other herpesviruses. Putative virulence and host range gene products include the oncoprotein MEQ, oncogenicity-associated phosphoproteins pp38 and pp24, a lipase homologue, a CxC chemokine, and unique proteins of unknown function MDV087 and MDV097 (SORF2 homologues) and MDV093 (SORF4). Consistent with its virulent phenotype, Md5 contains only two copies of the 132-bp repeat which has previously been associated with viral attenuation and loss of oncogenicity. (+info)Marek's Disease Vaccines are attenuated or killed herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) preparations, or recombinant vectors based on HVT, fowlpox virus or other viral vectors, that have been developed to confer immunity against Marek's Disease, a lymphoproliferative neoplastic disease in chickens caused by gallid herpesvirus 2 (GaHV-2).
Marek's disease vaccines are a type of veterinary vaccine used to prevent Marek's disease, a highly contagious and deadly neoplastic disease in chickens caused by the alphaherpesvirus Gallid herpesvirus 2. The vaccines contain attenuated or killed strains of the virus, which when administered to chicks, stimulate an immune response that protects against subsequent infection with virulent strains of the virus.
There are several types of Marek's disease vaccines available, including:
1. Herpesvirus of Turkey (HVT) based vaccines: These vaccines use a related herpesvirus from turkeys that has been attenuated to be safe for chickens. They provide protection against Marek's disease and also offer cross-protection against other related herpesviruses.
2. CVI988 (Rispens) vaccine: This is a bivalent vaccine that contains both the HVT strain and a further attenuated strain of Marek's disease virus. It provides excellent protection against Marek's disease and also reduces the shedding of the virus in vaccinated birds.
3. SB-1 vaccine: This is a further attenuated strain of Marek's disease virus that offers good protection against the disease but may not prevent the spread of the virus in a flock.
4. Combination vaccines: These vaccines combine Marek's disease vaccines with other vaccines, such as those for infectious bronchitis or Newcastle disease, to provide comprehensive protection against multiple diseases.
It is important to note that while Marek's disease vaccines are effective at preventing the development of clinical signs and reducing mortality associated with the disease, they do not prevent infection or shedding of the virus. Therefore, it is still possible for vaccinated birds to transmit the virus to unvaccinated birds.
Herpesvirus 2, Gallid is a species of the *Iltovirussubgroup* within the genus *Mardivirus*, family *Alphaherpesvirinae*, order *Herpesvirales*, which primarily infects birds and causes disease symptoms such as inclusion body hepatitis and runting in chickens.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but there seems to be a mistake in the terminology you provided. There is no virus known as "Herpesvirus 2, Gallid." However, I can provide some information on a related topic.
Gallid herpesvirus 2 (GaHV-2), also known as Marek's disease virus (MDV), is a member of the Herpesviridae family and is a significant pathogen in chickens. It causes Marek's disease, a lymphoproliferative disorder that results in various clinical manifestations such as T-cell lymphomas, neurological disorders, and immunosuppression. GaHV-2 is not known to infect or cause disease in humans or other mammalian species.
If you meant to ask about human herpesviruses, please let me know and provide the correct name so I can offer an accurate definition.
Marek's Disease is a highly contagious neoplastic disease caused by gallid herpesvirus 2, affecting primarily the chicken's immune system, causing various symptoms such as T-cell lymphomas in visceral organs, nerves, and skin.
Marek's disease is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects chickens and other members of the Galliformes order (which includes turkeys, quails, and pheasants). The disease is caused by the alphaherpesvirus known as Gallid herpesvirus 2 or Marek's disease virus (MDV).
The infection primarily targets the chicken's immune system, leading to various clinical manifestations such as:
1. T-cell lymphomas (cancerous growths) in the peripheral nerves, visceral organs, and skin. These tumors can cause paralysis, especially in the legs, and affect the bird's mobility and overall health.
2. Enlarged, pale, or discolored spleens and livers due to the proliferation of infected lymphocytes.
3. Lesions on the feather follicles, skin, and eyes (such as iritis, conjunctivitis, and blindness) caused by viral replication in these areas.
4. Immunosuppression, which makes affected birds more susceptible to secondary bacterial or viral infections, leading to a decline in overall health and production.
Marek's disease is primarily transmitted through the inhalation of dust particles containing infected dander or feather follicle epithelium. The virus can also be spread via contaminated equipment, clothing, and transportation vehicles.
Vaccination is an effective method to control Marek's disease in commercial poultry operations. However, the continuous evolution of more virulent strains poses a challenge for long-term protection and eradication efforts.
Marek's disease - Wikipedia
Mareks disease does not spread vertically. Before the development of the vaccine for Mareks disease, Mareks disease caused ... Mareks disease is a highly contagious viral neoplastic disease in chickens. It is named after József Marek, a Hungarian ... Mareks disease is caused by an alphaherpesvirus known as "Mareks disease virus" (MDV) or Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (GaHV-2). ... Six syndromes are known to occur after infection with Mareks disease. These syndromes may overlap. Classical Mareks disease ...
Marek's disease
1. Nair V, Gimeno I and Dunn J. Mareks Disease. In: Diseases of Poultry, 14th ed. Swayne DE, ed. Wiley Blackwell, 2020; vol I: ... Photos B, C, D by E. Martin, H&E stain.) A. Clinical presentation of one leg forward/one leg back (AAAP Mareks Disease Slide ... Mareks disease virus (MDV) is a cell-associated alphaherpesvirus belonging to the genus Mardivirus. The classification of this ... Mareks disease begins as an inflammatory condition that will either regress, become latent within 7-8 days post infection but ...
Marek's Disease
Mareks Disease. Mareks Disease Virus (MDV) is a highly contagious viral infection that predominantly affects chickens but can ... What causes Mareks Disease?. MD is caused by a highly cell-associated (virus particles that remain attached to or within the ... The history of Mareks Disease control in Australia. In the early 1970s, the success of vaccination against MD became apparent ... Mareks Disease (MD) results in enlarged nerves and in tumour formation in nerve, organ, muscle and epithelial (cells that line ...
Vaccination, hygiene key to Marek's disease control in poultry | WATTPoultry.com
With outbreaks of Mareks disease occurring in 2007, this article provides a timely reminder to producers that Mareks disease ... Mareks disease was first described over 80 years ago as a condition causing paralysis of the legs and wings due to ... Mareks is a viral disease that can cause significant economic damage to poultry production through a variety of direct and ... Control of Mareks disease infection depends on a combination of effective vaccination and high-quality cleansing and ...
Marek's Disease | Talking Animals
Marek Disease (medical concept explorer)Genetics breakthrough could help treat Marek's disease - University of Edinburgh Research Explorer
Image: Marek's disease, eye involvement, chicken - MSD Veterinary Manual
Marek Disease | Profiles RNS
"Marek Disease" by people in this website by year, and whether "Marek Disease" was a major or minor topic of these publications ... "Marek Disease" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Marek Disease" by people in Profiles. ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Marek Disease". ...
Marek's Disease Archives - Fast Rope
by Paul Elias Alexander via Brownstone Institute The following research papers and studies raise doubts that Covid vaccine mandates are backed by science and good public-health practice. Anyone seeking to challenge these mandates should consult these carefully. They demonstrate that these mandates provide no overall health benefit to the community and can even be […]. ...
Marek's Disease in Poultry - Poultry - MSD Veterinary Manual (2023)
Marek disease is a highly contagious viral disease of poultry characterized by T-cell lymphomas and peripheral nerve ... Mareks Disease in Poultry - Poultry - MSD Veterinary Manual (2023) Marek disease is a highly contagious viral disease of ... Clinical Findings of Marek Disease in Poultry The incidence of Mareks disease is quite variable in commercial flocks and ... Pathogenesis of Marek Disease in Poultry Currently, four phases of infection with Mareks disease in vivo are recognized: *. ...
Fat 'crucial' for Marek's disease virus infection - Animal Health Media Journal
Researchers identify new pathways involved in development of the disease ... The storage and production of fat is crucial for Mareks disease virus (MDV) to replicate in chickens, according to new ... MDV is a highly contagious disease of chickens that leads to the build-up of fatty substances in the arteries. The disease is a ... The study, published in the Journal of Virology, identifies new pathways that are involved in the development of the disease. ...
Efficient Cross-Screening and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies against Marek's Disease Specific Meq Oncoprotein Using...
... caused by pathogenic Mareks disease virus type 1 (MDV-1) is one of the most important neoplastic diseases of poultry. MDV-1- ... Mareks disease (MD) caused by pathogenic Mareks disease virus type 1 (MDV-1) is one of the most important neoplastic diseases ... Home » Viral Oncogenesis » Efficient Cross-Screening and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies against Mareks Disease ... Efficient Cross-Screening and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies against Mareks Disease Specific Meq Oncoprotein Using ...
Molecular epidemiology of Marek's disease virus in central Pennsylvania, USA<...
... including both backyard farms and farms experiencing clinical Mareks disease.. AB - The evolution of Mareks disease virus ( ... Molecular epidemiology of Mareks disease virus in central Pennsylvania, USA. Andrew S. Bell, David A. Kennedy, Matthew J. ... Molecular epidemiology of Mareks disease virus in central Pennsylvania, USA. / Bell, Andrew S.; Kennedy, David A.; Jones, ... Molecular epidemiology of Mareks disease virus in central Pennsylvania, USA. Virus Evolution. 2019 Jan 1;5(1):vey042. doi: ...
Effect of gga-miR-155 on cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of Marek's disease virus (MDV) transformed cell line MSB1...
... is caused by the oncogenic Mareks disease virus (MDV), and is a highly contagious avian infection with a complex underlying ... Mareks disease (MD) is caused by the oncogenic Mareks disease virus (MDV), and is a highly contagious avian infection with a ... Chi JQ, Teng M, Yu ZH, Xu H, Su JW, Zhao P, Xing GX, Liang HD, Deng RG, Qu LH, Zhang GP, Luo J. Mareks disease virus-encoded ... Ding, K., Yu, ZH., Yu, C. et al. Effect of gga-miR-155 on cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of Mareks disease virus ( ...
Read et al. warned us 2015 using chickens (Marek's disease) that using
- Dr. Paul Alexander
warned us 2015 using chickens (Mareks disease) that using an imperfect leaky vaccine can enhance transmission of highly ... Researchers showed experimentally that immunization of chickens against Mareks disease virus enhances the fitness of more ... that anti-disease vaccines that do not prevent transmission can create conditions that promote the emergence of pathogen ...
Marek Disease Virus (dsDNA, Alphaherpesvirinae, Mardivirus, Gallid Herpesvirus 2 -GalHV-2): Molecular diagnosis (PCR). - IVAMI
Disease Virus (dsDNA, Alphaherpesvirinae, Mardivirus, Gallid Herpesvirus 2 -GalHV-2): Molecular diagnosis (PCR). ... Marek Disease Virus (dsDNA, Alphaherpesvirinae, Mardivirus, Gallid Herpesvirus 2 -GalHV-2): Molecular diagnosis (PCR). ... Marek Disease virus (dsDNA, Alphaherpesvirinae, Mardivirus, Gallid Herpesvirus 2 -GalHV-2): Molecular diagnosis (PCR). ... Genetic testing - Human gene mutations (diseases, neoplasias and pharmacogenetics). *Biocidal activities with disinfectants ( ...
Effects of Marek's Disease Herpesvirus and Turkey Herpesvirus Upon Immunity to Eimeria Acervulina in Young Chickens
Analysis of the mRNA targetome of microRNAs expressed by Marek's disease virus<...
Mareks disease virus 1 (MDV-1), an oncogenic α-herpesvirus that induces T-cell lymphomas in chickens, serves as model system ... N2 - Mareks disease virus 1 (MDV-1), an oncogenic α-herpesvirus that induces T-cell lymphomas in chickens, serves as model ... AB - Mareks disease virus 1 (MDV-1), an oncogenic α-herpesvirus that induces T-cell lymphomas in chickens, serves as model ... abstract = "Mareks disease virus 1 (MDV-1), an oncogenic α-herpesvirus that induces T-cell lymphomas in chickens, serves as ...
Modelling Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) infection: parameter estimates for mortality rate and infectiousness | BMC Veterinary...
Mareks disease virus (MDV) is an economically important oncogenic herpesvirus of poultry. Since the 1960s, increasingly ... Bublot M, Sharma J: Vaccination against Mareks disease. Mareks Disease: an Evolving Problem. Edited by: Nair V, Davison F. ... Baigent SJ, Davison F: Mareks disease virus: Biology and life cycle. Mareks Disease: an Evolving Problem. Elsevier Academic ... Morrow C, Fehler F: Mareks disease: a worldwide problem. Mareks disease: an Evolving Problem. Elsevier Academic Press 2004. ...
Marek's Vaccination
Baby Chicks: Silver Doubled Laced Barnevelder - My Pet Chicken
Publication : USDA ARS
Mareks disease (MD), a lymphoproliferative disease of chicken is caused by a highly cell-associated alpha-herpesvirus, Mareks ... Title: Transcriptional profiling of chicken gene expression during cytolytic infection of Mareks disease virus Author. Heidari ... Submitted to: International Mareks Disease Symposium Abstracts and Proceedings Publication Type: Abstract Only Publication ... Transcriptional profiling of chicken gene expression during cytolytic infection of Mareks disease virus [abstract]. 8th ...
View of Molecular and pathological investigations of Marek's disease outbreaks in vaccinated poultry farms in Plateau State,...
Diagnosis of lymphoid leukosis (LL) by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and Marek's disease (MD) by IF ...
In this study, our aim was to diagnose lymphoid leukosis and Mareks disease, which are neoplastic diseases of chickens, by ... Samples (eggs and tissues) were selectively taken from the flocks suspected of having lymphoid leukosis and Mareks disease. ... Diagnosis of lymphoid leukosis (LL) by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and Mareks disease (MD) by IF ( ... Keywords: lymphoid leukosis, ELISA, Mareks disease, immunofluorescence, chicken, CONGENITAL TRANSMISSION, VIRUSES, INFECTION, ...
Ultrastructural comparison of morphogenesis and fate of Marek's disease and infectious laryngotracheitis viruses in chicken...
Major histocompatibility complex class I is downregulated in Marek's disease virus infected chicken embryo fibroblasts and...
The main objective of this work was on the one hand, to determine the abilities of three strains of Mareks disease virus (MDV ... The main objective of this work was on the one hand, to determine the abilities of three strains of Mareks disease virus (MDV ... The main objective of this work was on the one hand, to determine the abilities of three strains of Mareks disease virus (MDV ... The main objective of this work was on the one hand, to determine the abilities of three strains of Mareks disease virus (MDV ...
Erratum: Marek disease virus encodes a basic-leucine zipper gene resembling the fos/jun oncogenes that is highly expressed in...
Jones, D., Lee, L., Liu, J. L., Kung, H. J., & Tillotson, J. K. (1993). Erratum: Marek disease virus encodes a basic-leucine ... Erratum: Marek disease virus encodes a basic-leucine zipper gene resembling the fos/jun oncogenes that is highly expressed in ... Erratum: Marek disease virus encodes a basic-leucine zipper gene resembling the fos/jun oncogenes that is highly expressed in ... Erratum: Marek disease virus encodes a basic-leucine zipper gene resembling the fos/jun oncogenes that is highly expressed in ...
In vitro characterization of the Meq proteins of Marek's disease virus vaccine strain CVI988. - Texas A&M University (TAMU)...
In vitro characterization of the Meq proteins of Mareks disease virus vaccine strain CVI988. - Texas A&M University (TAMU) ... In vitro characterization of the Meq proteins of Mareks disease virus vaccine strain CVI988. Academic Article * ... Gallid herpesvirus 2 (GaHV-2), commonly known as Mareks disease virus serotype-1 (MDV-1), causes T cell lymphomas in chickens ...
ChickensHerpesvirusGallidVaccinesAlphaherpesvirusMardivirusOncogenicCenters for DiseasHighly contagiousStrainsLymphoidEtiologyNeoplastic diseasesGeneticSerotypeInfectionBirdsCoccidiosisChickenFlocksCorrelatesVirusFindingsSalmonellaOutbreaksNeurolymphomatosisLymphomasSyndromesNeurologicSeverity of diseaseParkinson'sCardiovascularLesionsParalysisPreventionChronicClinical signs
Chickens26
- Marek's disease is a highly contagious viral neoplastic disease in chickens. (wikipedia.org)
- Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) is a highly contagious viral infection that predominantly affects chickens but can also affect pheasants, quail, gamefowl and turkeys. (poultryhub.org)
- Chickens are the most important natural host for Marek's disease virus (MDV), a highly cell-associated but readily transmitted alphaherpesvirus with lymphotropic properties of gammaherpesviruses. (folusn.online)
- Turkeys are also commonly infected with turkey herpesvirus (HVT), an avirulent strain related to Marek's disease virus that is commonly used as a Marek's disease vaccine in chickens. (folusn.online)
- Gallid alphaherpesvirus 3 (MDV serotype 2) and Meleagrid alphaherpesvirus 1 (turkey herpesvirus, MDV serotype 3) represent avirulent virus strains isolated from chickens and turkeys, respectively, and are commonly used as vaccines against Marek's disease. (folusn.online)
- Marek's disease is highly contagious and readily transmitted among chickens. (folusn.online)
- Unlike virulent strains of Marek's disease virus, which are highly contagious, turkey herpesvirus is not readily transmissible among chickens (although it is easily transmitted among turkeys, its natural host). (folusn.online)
- The storage and production of fat is crucial for Marek's disease virus (MDV) to replicate in chickens, according to new research. (international-animalhealth.com)
- MDV is a highly contagious disease of chickens that leads to the build-up of fatty substances in the arteries. (international-animalhealth.com)
- Researchers showed 'experimentally that immunization of chickens against Marek's disease virus enhances the fitness of more virulent strains, making it possible for hyperpathogenic strains to transmit. (drpaulalexander.com)
- Marek's disease virus 1 (MDV-1), an oncogenic α-herpesvirus that induces T-cell lymphomas in chickens, serves as model system to study transformation by lymphotropic herpesviruses. (iucc.ac.il)
- Control of Marek's disease is predominantly via vaccination of chickens. (biomedcentral.com)
- For example, Witter [ 1 ] relates the percentage of HVT or Bivalent (HVT + serotype 2) vaccinated chickens, that when infected with a particular strain develop gross lesions or die of Marek's disease within eight weeks to the figure in unvaccinated chickens challenged with the same strain. (biomedcentral.com)
- In this study, our aim was to diagnose lymphoid leukosis and Marek's disease, which are neoplastic diseases of chickens, by ELISA and Indirect Immunofluorescence Test (IIF), respectively. (uludag.edu.tr)
- Gallid herpesvirus 2 (GaHV-2), commonly known as Marek's disease virus serotype-1 (MDV-1), causes T cell lymphomas in chickens. (tamu.edu)
- It is best to always isolate a new chicken for 30 days to watch it for signs of disease since so many unethical people sell sick or carrier chickens at swaps. (backyardchickens.com)
- however in backyard flock situations, vacciniating chickens is often only necessary if at all to protect against the prevalent diseases. (poultrykeeper.com)
- However, suppose your chickens have had no previous symptoms suggestive of Marek's, and you do not buy in birds regularly from unknown disease status flocks. (poultrykeeper.com)
- It is still worth remembering that vaccinating chickens is not always 100% effective at preventing the disease for which they are made. (poultrykeeper.com)
- For vaccination of healthy 18-day old chicken embryos or 1-day old chickens for the prevention of Marek's disease and Infectious Laryngotracheitis. (merck-animal-health-usa.com)
- For the vaccination of healthy chickens 1-day of age against Newcastle disease. (merck-animal-health-usa.com)
- For the vaccination of healthy chickens against Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis virus, Mass. and Conn. types. (merck-animal-health-usa.com)
- Marek's disease virus is an oncovirus causing a tumor disease in chickens known as Marek's disease (MD). MD is primarily controlled by vaccination since the 1970s in the U.S. yet sporadic outbreaks occur in parts of the world each year, and therefore, MD remains a serious threat to the poultry industry and the security of human food resources. (usda.gov)
- Breeding of genetically resistant chickens to Marek's disease (MD) is a vital strategy to poultry health. (usda.gov)
- The poultry industry has a practice of vaccinating newly hatched chickens against the Marek's disease virus, Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 . (eurekalert.org)
- BACKGROUND: Marek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disease caused by Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (GaHV-2, MDV-1), which primarily affects chickens. (bvsalud.org)
Herpesvirus9
- For example, the related herpesvirus found in turkeys (HVT), causes no apparent disease in the birds, and continues to be used as a vaccine strain for prevention of Marek's disease. (wikipedia.org)
- A transmissible viral disease of birds caused by avian herpesvirus 2 (HERPESVIRUS 2, GALLID) and other MARDIVIRUS. (sdsu.edu)
- The evolution of Marek's disease virus (MDV, Gallid herpesvirus 2) has threatened the sustainability of poultry farming in the past and its continued evolution remains a concern. (psu.edu)
- Marek Disease Virus (dsDNA, Alphaherpesvirinae, Mardivirus, Gallid Herpesvirus 2 -GalHV-2): Molecular diagnosis (PCR). (ivami.com)
- Marek's disease virus (MDV) is an economically important oncogenic herpesvirus of poultry. (biomedcentral.com)
- Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) is an oncogenic poultry herpesvirus of considerable economic importance to the poultry industry. (biomedcentral.com)
- The main objective of this work was on the one hand, to determine the abilities of three strains of Marek's disease virus (MDV), a chicken herpesvirus, in interfering with the expression of MHC class I molecules in chicken embryo fibroblasts. (arizona.edu)
- Marek's disease (MD), a lymphoproliferative disease of chicken is caused by a highly cell-associated alpha-herpesvirus, Marek's disease virus (MDV). (usda.gov)
- These include the retroviruses avian leucosis/sarcoma viruses (ALSV) and reticuloendothesiosis viruses (REV), and the herpesvirus Marek's disease virus (MDV). (cdc.gov)
Gallid2
- Marek's disease is caused by an alphaherpesvirus known as "Marek's disease virus" (MDV) or Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (GaHV-2). (wikipedia.org)
- Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (MDV serotype 1) represents all virulent Marek disease virus strains and is further divided into pathotypes, designated as mild (m), virulent (v), very virulent (vv), and very virulent plus (vv+). (folusn.online)
Vaccines10
- Over time, increasingly virulent strains of MD virus have emerged, which has resulted in an ongoing need to develop new vaccines and vaccination programs to combat the disease. (poultryhub.org)
- The disease can manifest itself in a number of ways related to the type of bird, when the flock became infected, general hygiene and biosecurity on the rearing and laying farms, the presence of other diseases and the vaccines used or the strain of virus involved. (wattagnet.com)
- It is thought that this phenomenon has led to the regular emergence of more and more virulent pathotypes of Marek's disease virus since vaccines first appeared in the 1970s. (wattagnet.com)
- The data shows 'that anti-disease vaccines that do not prevent transmission can create conditions that promote the emergence of pathogen strains that cause more severe disease in unvaccinated hosts. (drpaulalexander.com)
- The Global Poultry and Porcine Vaccines Market is segmented based on Disease, Technology, Dosage Form, and Geography. (researchandmarkets.com)
- While scientists don't yet know exactly what levels of antibodies are needed to ward off disease , the approved vaccines do elicit the production of neutralizing antibodies . (mcgill.ca)
- Dr. Bossche's idea that the coronavirus will simply continue moving from person to person and that vaccines will only prevent severe disease is contradicted by the data that is accumulating. (mcgill.ca)
- But even if the COVID-19 vaccines were "leaky," meaning they still allowed some vaccinated people to transmit the virus to others, there is evidence that they could still efficiently contain the spread of the disease. (mcgill.ca)
- The use of live vaccines that have been modified so that they're not infectious is the most effective strategy for controlling symptoms of the disease, which include failure to thrive, tumors and death. (eurekalert.org)
- Vaccines made from live viruses do a better job than other vaccines in training the immune system to recognize Marek's disease virus, but these vaccines do not lead to eradication of the virus, Jarosinski said. (eurekalert.org)
Alphaherpesvirus1
- Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a cell-associated alphaherpesvirus belonging to the genus Mardivirus . (uoguelph.ca)
Mardivirus2
- Marek's disease virus is a member of the genus Mardivirus within the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae. (folusn.online)
- Within the genus Mardivirus are three closely related species previously designated as three serotypes of Marek's disease virus. (folusn.online)
Oncogenic2
- Some T cells, latently infected with oncogenic Marek disease virus strains, undergo neoplastic transformation. (folusn.online)
- Marek's disease (MD) is caused by the oncogenic Marek's disease virus (MDV), and is a highly contagious avian infection with a complex underlying pathology that involves lymphoproliferative neoplasm formation. (biomedcentral.com)
Centers for Diseas1
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
Highly contagious1
- Marek disease is a highly contagious viral disease of poultry characterized by T-cell lymphomas and peripheral nerve enlargement. (folusn.online)
Strains4
- Viruses related to MDV appear to be benign and can be used as vaccine strains to prevent Marek's disease. (wikipedia.org)
- Increased cases in a flock can be caused by unvaccinated birds, improper vaccination, vaccine strain (weak strain of vaccine may not protect against very virulent strains), early exposure (before vaccinal immunity is established), stress (e.g., onset of lay), and immunosuppression due to other diseases and viral infections such as CAV, IBDV and reoviruses. (uoguelph.ca)
- Currently, virulent serotype 1 strains are further divided into pathotypes (classification based on the severity of disease caused by that particular strain of virus), which are often referred to as mild (m), virulent (v), very virulent (vv), and very virulent plus (vv+) MD virus strains. (poultryhub.org)
- Productive infection may occur transiently in B lymphocytes within a few days after infection with virulent Marek disease virus strains and is characterized by antigen production, which leads to cell death. (folusn.online)
Lymphoid3
- Marek's disease begins as an inflammatory condition that will either regress, become latent within 7-8 days post infection but still detectable in lymphoid organs and peripheral blood lymphocytes, or progress to development of lymphomas. (uoguelph.ca)
- The clinical signs associated with MD can look similar to those caused by Lymphoid Leukosis and Reticuloendotheliosis, however, the rareness of bursal tumours with MD helps distinguish this disease from Lymphoid Leukosis. (poultryhub.org)
- Samples (eggs and tissues) were selectively taken from the flocks suspected of having lymphoid leukosis and Marek's disease. (uludag.edu.tr)
Etiology1
- The obtained data will contribute to the molecular epidemiology and the role in the etiology of enteric disease of new parvoviruses. (bvsalud.org)
Neoplastic diseases1
- Marek's disease (MD) caused by pathogenic Marek's disease virus type 1 (MDV-1) is one of the most important neoplastic diseases of poultry. (pirbright.ac.uk)
Genetic1
- Importantly, two CNVs related with MD resistance were transmitted to descendent recombinant congenic lines that differ in susceptibility to MD. Our findings may lead to better strategies for genetic improvement of disease resistance in poultry. (usda.gov)
Serotype3
- The serotypes that exist are 'virulent' (disease causing) chicken isolates (serotype 1) and 'avirulent' (non-disease causing) chicken isolates (serotype 2). (poultryhub.org)
- Serotypes are identified by reaction with serotype-specific monoclonal (clones from a single cell) antibodies or by biological characteristics such as host range, pathogenicity (severity of disease), growth rate, and plaque morphology (the physical appearance of laboratory grown viral cultures). (poultryhub.org)
- Prevexxion RN+HVT is an immunological veterinary medicinal product containing live recombinant Marek's disease (MD) virus, serotype 1, strain RN1250 and live attenuated Marek's disease (MD) virus, serotype 3, strain HVT FC126 as active substance . (europa.eu)
Infection8
- Six syndromes are known to occur after infection with Marek's disease. (wikipedia.org)
- Immunosuppression is impairment of the T-lymphocytes resulting from Marek's disease, preventing a competent immunological response against pathogenic challenge, with the affected birds become more susceptible to disease conditions such as coccidiosis and Escherichia coli infection. (wikipedia.org)
- There is no treatment for MD. Vaccination is the central strategy for the prevention and control of MD. While vaccination will prevent clinical disease and reduce shedding of infective virus it will not prevent infection. (poultryhub.org)
- Control of Marek's disease infection depends on a combination of effective vaccination and high-quality cleansing and disinfection of poultry houses. (wattagnet.com)
- This vicious circle continues and a "silent infection" build-up can put pressure on any Marek's disease virus vaccination programme. (wattagnet.com)
- Other birds and mammals appear to be refractory to the disease or infection. (folusn.online)
- The study focused on Marek's disease, a viral infection that spreads when one chicken inhales fragments of dead skin or feather tissue from an infected chicken. (eurekalert.org)
- The study also found that a Marek's disease virus that lacked a particular molecule needed for infection - in this case a protein on the virus's outer envelope - was able to pick up that molecule from a vaccine that had infected the same cell. (eurekalert.org)
Birds3
- Affected birds are immunosuppressed and as a consequence are more susceptible to other infectious diseases. (poultryhub.org)
- Simple protocols such as buying in birds bred from stock that have a high health status (as clear from as many diseases as possible at the time of purchase) and regular cleaning out of coops, feeders and drinkers with a good detergent (such as PoultryShield ) and a disinfectant will also help keep pathogens to a minimum. (poultrykeeper.com)
- Viral diseases of aquatic birds. (slideshare.net)
Coccidiosis1
- This can be associated with suboptimal performance and clinical outbreaks of other diseases such as coccidiosis, heavy worm infestations or viral diseases such as Gumboro disease. (wattagnet.com)
Chicken2
- It is not uncommon that more than one avian tumor virus can be present in a chicken, thus one must consider both the diagnosis of the disease/tumors (pathological diagnosis) and of the virus (etiological diagnosis). (wikipedia.org)
- Eye involvement with neoplastic cell infiltration into the iris, resulting in an irregular pupil, in a chicken with Marek's disease. (msdvetmanual.com)
Flocks5
- It is one of the most common diseases that affect poultry flocks worldwide. (poultryhub.org)
- Clinical disease is not always apparent in infected flocks, however subclinical disease is often more economically important as it reduces weight gain and egg production. (poultryhub.org)
- The impaired immune system is also unable to respond to routine vaccinations and hence will leave flocks unable to resist a whole range of disease challenges which affect performance. (wattagnet.com)
- However, severe clinical outbreaks of Marek's disease in commercial turkey flocks, with mortality from tumors reaching 40%-80% between 8 and 17 weeks of age, were reported in France, Israel, and Germany. (folusn.online)
- Although clinical disease is not always apparent in infected flocks, a subclinical decrease in growth rate and egg production may be economically important. (folusn.online)
Correlates1
- Traditional neuropsychological correlates and reliability of the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics-4 battery for Parkinson's disease. (bvsalud.org)
Virus10
- Marek's Disease virus classification. (uoguelph.ca)
- Marek's disease virus is ubiquitous. (uoguelph.ca)
- All this means that if the background challenge from Marek's disease virus is allowed to build up, performance can suffer even without a specific diagnosis of clinical Marek's disease being made. (wattagnet.com)
- Marek's disease virus is not vertically transmitted. (folusn.online)
- Future work to explore the evolutionary potential of MDV might therefore direct efforts toward farms that harbor multiple virus haplotypes, including both backyard farms and farms experiencing clinical Marek's disease. (psu.edu)
- Quantification of patterns of viral shedding and virus-induced host mortality are necessary for a rigorous understanding of the epidemiology of a disease, not least to identify increases in virulence. (biomedcentral.com)
- Erratum: Marek disease virus encodes a basic-leucine zipper gene resembling the fos/jun oncogenes that is highly expressed in lymphoblastoid tumors (Proc. (tmu.edu.tw)
- In vitro characterization of the Meq proteins of Marek's disease virus vaccine strain CVI988. (tamu.edu)
- The 1.8-kb mRNA was reported as one of the oncogenesis-related genes of Marek's disease virus (MDV). (biomedcentral.com)
- Influence of some physical factors on survival of Marek's disease vaccine virus. (medscape.com)
Findings1
- A comprehensive review of current tactics in the therapeutic management of Parkinson's disease, this volume offers summaries of salient research findings as well as contemporary attitudes and practical advice from field specialists. (routledge.com)
Salmonella1
- It is easy to get distracted by the headline-grabbing poultry health issues of avian influenza, Newcastle disease and salmonella. (wattagnet.com)
Outbreaks1
- With outbreaks of Marek's disease occurring in 2007, this article provides a timely reminder to producers that Marek's disease is a hidden menace. (wattagnet.com)
Neurolymphomatosis1
- Classical Marek's disease or neurolymphomatosis causes asymmetric paralysis of one or more limbs. (wikipedia.org)
Lymphomas1
- Reticuloendotheliosis, although rare, can easily be confused with MD because both diseases feature enlarged nerves and T-cell lymphomas (a type of tumour that involves white blood cells called T-cells, which are part of the active acquired immunity system) in visceral (soft internal) organs. (poultryhub.org)
Syndromes1
- Based on disease progression, clinical syndromes and lesions can be generally divided into non-neoplastic and neoplastic. (uoguelph.ca)
Neurologic1
- These increased risks were not limited to cancers only but were also observed for neurologic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and diseases of the urinary system. (cdc.gov)
Severity of disease1
- Microbiologists equate virulence with the notions of both infectivity and severity of disease, whereas evolutionary biologists focus on evolutionary fitness of either the pathogen or the host [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Parkinson's6
- Background: early iconography of Parkinson's disease, Christopher G. Goetz. (routledge.com)
- environmental risk factors for Parkinson's disease, Jay M. Gorell and Benjamin A. Rybicki. (routledge.com)
- investigational pharmacological treatments for Parkinson's disease, William Ondo. (routledge.com)
- neural transplantation in Parkinson's disease, Elmyra V. Encarcion and Robert A. Hauser. (routledge.com)
- Other forms of treatment: Parkinson's disease symptom management - an interdisciplinary approach, Ruth A. Hagestuen, Rosemary L. Wichmann, and Marjorie L. Johnson. (routledge.com)
- an impressive collection of expert opinions and reviews on all aspects of the management of patients with Parkinson's disease. (routledge.com)
Cardiovascular1
- Cardiovascular disease-including heart disease, stroke, and other vascular diseases-is the leading cause of death in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Lesions1
- Cutaneous Marek's disease causes round, firm lesions at the feather follicles. (wikipedia.org)
Paralysis1
- Marek's disease was first described over 80 years ago as a condition causing paralysis of the legs and wings due to inflammation of the nerves. (wattagnet.com)
Prevention1
- The best disease prevention method is biosecurity! (poultrykeeper.com)
Chronic5
- While these may well be the most pressing disease problems for our industry, the danger is that concentrating all our time and resources on them tends to ignore diseases that may be having a chronic and significant impact on performance and profitability, day in and day out. (wattagnet.com)
- There has been a change in the types of clinical signs since the disease was first noted [ 7 , 8 ], when chronic polyneuritis was the only sign. (biomedcentral.com)
- Evidence shows that pharmacists are effective team members in managing control of chronic disease risk factors such as high blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. (cdc.gov)
- State policies that cover chronic disease risk factors, including heart disease and stroke risk factors such as hypertension and cholesterol, meet the highest standards. (cdc.gov)
- As of December 31, 2012, the state had a statewide legislative, regulatory or other written policy authorizing pharmacists to enter into collaborative practice agreements with prescribing providers for drug therapy management in all practice settings, but the policy did not cover chronic diseases (e.g., hypertension), or collaboration was limited to specified hospital, medical, or clinical practice settings. (cdc.gov)
Clinical signs1
- Virological characteristics The demonstration of peripheral nerve enlargement along with suggestive clinical signs in a bird that is around three to four months old (with or without visceral tumors) is highly suggestive of Marek's disease. (wikipedia.org)
