Dilatation of the COLON, often to alarming dimensions. There are various types of megacolon including congenital megacolon in HIRSCHSPRUNG DISEASE, idiopathic megacolon in CONSTIPATION, and TOXIC MEGACOLON.
An acute form of MEGACOLON, severe pathological dilatation of the COLON. It is associated with clinical conditions such as ULCERATIVE COLITIS; CROHN DISEASE; AMEBIC DYSENTERY; or CLOSTRIDIUM ENTEROCOLITIS.
Congenital MEGACOLON resulting from the absence of ganglion cells (aganglionosis) in a distal segment of the LARGE INTESTINE. The aganglionic segment is permanently contracted thus causing dilatation proximal to it. In most cases, the aganglionic segment is within the RECTUM and SIGMOID COLON.
Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.
Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.
A segment of the COLON between the RECTUM and the descending colon.
Two ganglionated neural plexuses in the gut wall which form one of the three major divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The enteric nervous system innervates the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and the gallbladder. It contains sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Thus the circuitry can autonomously sense the tension and the chemical environment in the gut and regulate blood vessel tone, motility, secretions, and fluid transport. The system is itself governed by the central nervous system and receives both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation. (From Kandel, Schwartz, and Jessel, Principles of Neural Science, 3d ed, p766)
Excision of a portion of the colon or of the whole colon. (Dorland, 28th ed)
The distal segment of the LARGE INTESTINE, between the SIGMOID COLON and the ANAL CANAL.
Surgical creation of an external opening into the ILEUM for fecal diversion or drainage. This replacement for the RECTUM is usually created in patients with severe INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES. Loop (continent) or tube (incontinent) procedures are most often employed.
The segment of LARGE INTESTINE between the CECUM and the RECTUM. It includes the ASCENDING COLON; the TRANSVERSE COLON; the DESCENDING COLON; and the SIGMOID COLON.
The surgical construction of an opening between the colon and the surface of the body.

Faecal composition after surgery for Hirschsprung's disease. (1/82)

Diarrhoea and perianal excoriation occur frequently after the endorectal pull-through operation for Hirschsprung's disease. A new method of faecal analysis was performed on 3-day stool collections in 17 postoperative Hirschsprung patients and in 14 normal children, in order to define the faecal abnormality and to establish the cause of perianal excoriation in these patients. Loose stools in postoperative patients were deficient in dry solid content and contained an excess of extractable faecal water. This also had a raised electrolyte concentration, particularly with respect to sodium. Total daily output of faecal water was normal. Formed stools from postoperative patients were also deficient in drysolids but had a normal extractable water content. Excess extractable faecal water, the main abnormality of loose stools in these patients, is the result of abnormal water absorption from the distal colon. Perianal excoriation in these patients is most closely associated with the concentration of sodium in faecal water.  (+info)

Investigation and management of long-standing chronic constipation in childhood. (2/82)

The anorectal physiology of 106 children with long-standing chronic constipation, who had failed to response to a trial of medical treatment, was assessed. 10 (9%) were shown to have ultrashort-segment Hischsprung's disease, later confirmed on histology, The remainder showed evidence of hypertrophy of the internal sphicter on anorectal manometry and had a vigorous anal dilatation (to accept 4 fingers) under general anesthesia. After this, 38% were able to be weaned off all medication and most of the remainder improved. Further anal dilatation and internal sphincterotomy allowed a further 10 children to stop laxative, bringing the total to 48%.  (+info)

Targeted expression of SV40 large T-antigen to visceral smooth muscle induces proliferation of contractile smooth muscle cells and results in megacolon. (3/82)

Many pathological conditions result from the proliferation and de-differentiation of smooth muscle cells leading to impaired contractility of the muscle. Here we show that targeted expression of SV40 large T-antigen to visceral smooth muscle cells in vivo results in increased smooth muscle cell proliferation without de-differentiation or decreased contractility. These data suggest that the de-differentiation and proliferation of smooth muscle cells, seen in many pathological states, may be independently regulated. In the T-antigen transgenic mice the increased smooth muscle cell proliferation results in thickening of the distal colon. Consequently the distal colon becomes hyper-contractile and impedes the flow of digesta through the colon resulting in enlargement of the colon oral to the obstruction. These transgenic mice thus represent a novel model of megacolon that results from increased smooth muscle cell proliferation rather than altered neuronal innervation.  (+info)

Loss of interstitial cells and a fibromuscular layer on the luminal side of the colonic circular muscle presenting as megacolon in an adult patient. (4/82)

BACKGROUND: Animal studies have shown that the neuromuscular structures on the luminal side of the colonic circular muscle coordinate circular muscle activity. These structures have been identified by electron microscopy in the normal human colon, but have never been thoroughly studied in patients with acquired intestinal hypoganglionosis. AIMS: To perform histological, immunocytochemical, and electron microscopic examinations of the colon of a patient with acquired intestinal hypoganglionosis presenting as megacolon. PATIENT: A 32 year old man with a one year history of constipation and abdominal distention, a massively dilated ascending and transverse colon, and a normal calibre rectum and descending and sigmoid colon. He had a high titre of circulating serum anti-neuronal nuclear antibodies. METHODS: Histology, immunocytochemistry (for neurofilaments, neurone specific enolase, synaptophysin, glial fibrillar acidic protein, S100 protein, and smooth muscle alpha-actin), and electron microscopic examinations on the resected colon. RESULTS: The number of ganglion cells and nerve trunks was decreased throughout the colon. Disruption of the neural network and a loss of interstitial cells of Cajal were observed on the luminal side of the circular muscle; in their place, the non-dilated colon contained a hypertrophic fibromuscular layer. CONCLUSIONS: Striking architectural alterations occurred at the site regarded as the source of the coordination of colonic circular muscle activity in an adult patient with acquired intestinal hypoganglionosis presenting as megacolon.  (+info)

Bile acid excretion after pull-through operation for Hirschsprung's disease. (5/82)

Four children with chronic diarrhoea and perianal excoriation after a pull-through operation for Hirschsprung's disease have been shown to have increased but not markedly raised levels of faecal bile acids. Bile acid analysis of the 'bile-rich' duodenal fluid obtained after pancreozymin stimulation in 3 of the patients indicated a marked reduction in the proportion of deoxycholic acid conjugates. These findings are compatible with colonic malabsorption of secondary bile acids in these patients which is related in some way to the pull-through operation, but which is not likely to be the cause of the diarrhoea and the anal excoriation.  (+info)

Chagasic megaesophagus and megacolon diagnosed in childhood and probably caused by vertical transmission. (6/82)

Reports on children presenting symptoms compatible with the chronic phase of Chagas disease are sporadic. We report a case of a 7-year-old boy who had megaesophagus and megacolon, both of them a consequence of the trypanosomiasis. The etiology was established by means of laboratory and histological features. Based on epidemiological data, the authors concluded that vertical transmission was the most probable route of acquisition. This diagnosis should be considered in children presenting similar complaints, even those living away from endemic areas.  (+info)

Interaction of human chagasic IgG with human colon muscarinic acetylcholine receptor: molecular and functional evidence. (7/82)

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Gastrointestinal disorders is one of the clinical manifestations of chronic Chagas' disease. The pathogenesis seems to be associated with autonomic dysfunction. Here, we consider the muscarinic cholinoceptor mediated alteration in distal colon function in chagasic megacolon. PATIENTS: Patients were divided into four groups: group I, chronic chagasic patients with megacolon; group II, chronic chagasic patients without megacolon; group III, non-chagasic patients with megacolon; and group IV, normal healthy volunteers (control). METHODS: Binding assay and immunoblot of cholinoceptors from human and rat colon and enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) using a synthetic 24mer peptide corresponding to the second extracellular loop of human M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) were used to detect the presence of serum antibodies. The effect of antibodies on basal tone and 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) production of human and rat distal colon strips were also tested. RESULTS: Group I but not the other groups had circulating antibodies capable of interacting with human colon activating M2 mAChR, as they competed with binding of specific radioligand to mAChR and interacted with the second extracellular loop of human M2 mAChR. Moreover, affinity purified anti-M2 peptide IgG from group I, in common with monoclonal antihuman M2 mAChR, recognised bands with a molecular weight corresponding to colon mAChR. This antibody also displayed an agonist-like activity, increasing basal tone and decreasing cAMP accumulation. Both effects were blunted by AF-DX 116 and neutralised by the synthetic peptide. CONCLUSIONS: In chagasic patients with megacolon there are antibodies that can recognise and activate M2 mAChR. The implications of these autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of chagasic megacolon is discussed.  (+info)

The treatment and postoperative complications of congenital megacolon: A 25 year followup. (8/82)

In 1948 one of us (O.S.) proposed a new method of treatment, abdominoperineal resection, for patients with congential megacolon. Since then, 483 patients have been treated by 13 pediatric surgeons in Chicago and Boston using this technique. Two hundred and eight-two of the patients were last interviewed and examined more than 5 years after the resection. There were 16 postoperative deaths (3.3%) and 6 late deaths (1.2%) from enterocolitis. Both early and late complications were infrequent and are discussed in detail. Almost 90% of the patients reported that they now have normal bowel habits. None of the patients developed urinary incontinence or impotence, although ten patients (2.1%) reported permanent fecal soiling. This is the first large group of patients treated for congenital megacolon who have been followed to adulthood. The low incidence of postoperative complications and minimal frequency of long-term complications indicate that the abdominoperineal resection is a safe, effective method of treatment for congenital megacolon.  (+info)

Megacolon is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal dilation and/or hypomotility (decreased ability to move) of the colon, resulting in a significantly enlarged colon. It can be congenital or acquired. Congenital megacolon, also known as Hirschsprung's disease, is present at birth and occurs due to the absence of ganglion cells in the distal portion of the colon. Acquired megacolon, on the other hand, can develop in adults due to various causes such as chronic constipation, neurological disorders, or certain medications.

In both cases, the affected individual may experience symptoms like severe constipation, abdominal distention, and fecal impaction. If left untreated, megacolon can lead to complications such as perforation of the colon, sepsis, and even death. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause but may include medication, surgery, or a combination of both.

Toxic megacolon is a serious complication of colon inflammation that is characterized by non-obstructive dilation of the colon (diameter greater than 6 cm) and systemic toxicity. It is often associated with conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease), infections (e.g., Clostridioides difficile infection), and ischemic colitis.

The dilation of the colon can lead to decreased blood flow, impaired motility, and increased risk of perforation, which can result in sepsis and even death if not promptly treated. The systemic toxicity may manifest as fever, tachycardia, hypotension, electrolyte imbalances, and mental status changes.

Toxic megacolon requires immediate medical attention, often involving hospitalization, intravenous fluids, antibiotics, and possibly surgical intervention to remove the affected portion of the colon.

Hirschsprung disease is a gastrointestinal disorder that affects the large intestine, specifically the section known as the colon. This condition is congenital, meaning it is present at birth. It occurs due to the absence of ganglion cells (nerve cells) in the bowel's muscular wall, which are responsible for coordinating muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

The affected segment of the colon cannot relax and propel the contents within it, leading to various symptoms such as constipation, intestinal obstruction, or even bowel perforation in severe cases. Common diagnostic methods include rectal suction biopsy, anorectal manometry, and contrast enema studies. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the aganglionic segment and reattachment of the normal colon to the anus (known as a pull-through procedure).

Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a tropical parasitic disease caused by the protozoan *Trypanosoma cruzi*. It is primarily transmitted to humans through the feces of triatomine bugs (also called "kissing bugs"), which defecate on the skin of people while they are sleeping. The disease can also be spread through contaminated food or drink, during blood transfusions, from mother to baby during pregnancy or childbirth, and through organ transplantation.

The acute phase of Chagas disease can cause symptoms such as fever, fatigue, body aches, headache, rash, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and vomiting. However, many people do not experience any symptoms during the acute phase. After several weeks or months, most people enter the chronic phase of the disease, which can last for decades or even a lifetime. During this phase, many people do not have any symptoms, but about 20-30% of infected individuals will develop serious cardiac or digestive complications, such as heart failure, arrhythmias, or difficulty swallowing.

Chagas disease is primarily found in Latin America, where it is estimated that around 6-7 million people are infected with the parasite. However, due to increased travel and migration, cases of Chagas disease have been reported in other parts of the world, including North America, Europe, and Asia. There is no vaccine for Chagas disease, but medications are available to treat the infection during the acute phase and to manage symptoms during the chronic phase.

Constipation is a condition characterized by infrequent bowel movements or difficulty in passing stools that are often hard and dry. The medical definition of constipation varies, but it is generally defined as having fewer than three bowel movements in a week. In addition to infrequent bowel movements, other symptoms of constipation can include straining during bowel movements, feeling like you haven't completely evacuated your bowels, and experiencing hard or lumpy stools.

Constipation can have many causes, including a low-fiber diet, dehydration, certain medications, lack of physical activity, and underlying medical conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome or hypothyroidism. In most cases, constipation can be treated with lifestyle changes, such as increasing fiber intake, drinking more water, and getting regular exercise. However, if constipation is severe, persistent, or accompanied by other symptoms, it's important to seek medical attention to rule out any underlying conditions that may require treatment.

The sigmoid colon is a part of the large intestine that forms an "S"-shaped curve before it joins the rectum. It gets its name from its unique shape, which resembles the Greek letter sigma (σ). The main function of the sigmoid colon is to store stool temporarily and assist in the absorption of water and electrolytes from digestive waste before it is eliminated from the body.

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a part of the autonomic nervous system that directly controls the gastrointestinal tract, including the stomach, small intestine, colon, and rectum. It is sometimes referred to as the "second brain" because it can operate independently of the central nervous system (CNS).

The ENS contains around 500 million neurons that are organized into two main plexuses: the myenteric plexus, which lies between the longitudinal and circular muscle layers of the gut, and the submucosal plexus, which is located in the submucosa. These plexuses contain various types of neurons that are responsible for regulating gastrointestinal motility, secretion, and blood flow.

The ENS can communicate with the CNS through afferent nerve fibers that transmit information about the state of the gut to the brain, and efferent nerve fibers that carry signals from the brain back to the ENS. However, the ENS is also capable of functioning independently of the CNS, allowing it to regulate gastrointestinal functions in response to local stimuli such as food intake, inflammation, or infection.

A colectomy is a surgical procedure in which all or part of the large intestine (colon) is removed. This surgery may be performed to treat or prevent various medical conditions, including colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, and severe obstructions or injuries of the colon.

There are several types of colectomies, depending on how much of the colon is removed:

* Total colectomy: Removal of the entire colon.
* Partial colectomy: Removal of a portion of the colon.
* Hemicolectomy: Removal of one half of the colon.
* Sigmoidectomy: Removal of the sigmoid colon, which is the part of the colon that is closest to the rectum.

After the affected portion of the colon is removed, the remaining ends of the intestine are reconnected, allowing stool to pass through the digestive system as usual. In some cases, a temporary or permanent colostomy may be necessary, in which a surgical opening (stoma) is created in the abdominal wall and the end of the colon is attached to it, allowing stool to be collected in a pouch outside the body.

Colectomies are major surgeries that require general anesthesia and hospitalization. The recovery time can vary depending on the type of colectomy performed and the individual's overall health, but typically ranges from several weeks to a few months. Complications of colectomy may include bleeding, infection, leakage from the surgical site, bowel obstruction, and changes in bowel habits or function.

The rectum is the lower end of the digestive tract, located between the sigmoid colon and the anus. It serves as a storage area for feces before they are eliminated from the body. The rectum is about 12 cm long in adults and is surrounded by layers of muscle that help control defecation. The mucous membrane lining the rectum allows for the detection of stool, which triggers the reflex to have a bowel movement.

An ileostomy is a surgical procedure in which the end of the small intestine, called the ileum, is brought through an opening in the abdominal wall (stoma) to create a path for waste material to leave the body. This procedure is typically performed when there is damage or removal of the colon, rectum, or anal canal due to conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis), cancer, or trauma.

After an ileostomy, waste material from the small intestine exits the body through the stoma and collects in a pouch worn outside the body. The patient needs to empty the pouch regularly, typically every few hours, as the output is liquid or semi-liquid. Ileostomies can be temporary or permanent, depending on the underlying condition and the planned course of treatment. Proper care and management of the stoma and pouch are essential for maintaining good health and quality of life after an ileostomy.

The colon, also known as the large intestine, is a part of the digestive system in humans and other vertebrates. It is an organ that eliminates waste from the body and is located between the small intestine and the rectum. The main function of the colon is to absorb water and electrolytes from digested food, forming and storing feces until they are eliminated through the anus.

The colon is divided into several regions, including the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anus. The walls of the colon contain a layer of muscle that helps to move waste material through the organ by a process called peristalsis.

The inner surface of the colon is lined with mucous membrane, which secretes mucus to lubricate the passage of feces. The colon also contains a large population of bacteria, known as the gut microbiota, which play an important role in digestion and immunity.

A colostomy is a surgical procedure that involves creating an opening, or stoma, through the abdominal wall to divert the flow of feces from the colon (large intestine) through this opening and into a pouch or bag worn outside the body. This procedure is typically performed when a portion of the colon has been removed due to disease or injury, such as cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or trauma.

There are several types of colostomies, including end colostomy, loop colostomy, and double-barrel colostomy, which differ in terms of the location and configuration of the stoma. The type of colostomy performed will depend on the individual's medical condition and the specific goals of the surgery.

After a colostomy, patients will need to learn how to care for their stoma and manage their bowel movements using specialized equipment and techniques. With proper care and management, most people are able to lead active and fulfilling lives after a colostomy.

Idiopathic megacolon Toxic megacolon Megacolon secondary to infection Clostridium difficile Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease) ... CMV may also increase the risk of toxic megacolon in non-HIV/AIDS patients with IBD. Megacolon can be associated with Chagas ... Congenital or aganglionic megacolon Medication Acquired megacolon, of which there are several possible causes: ... can result in megacolon. Toxic megacolon is mainly seen in ulcerative colitis and pseudomembranous colitis, two chronic ...
... is an acute form of colonic distension. It is characterized by a very dilated colon (megacolon), accompanied by ... "Toxic megacolon" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary Panos, MZ; Wood, MJ; Asquith, P (December 1993). "Toxic megacolon: The knee- ... "Toxic megacolon: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2022-11-18. "Toxic megacolon httpsmedlineplus. ... Other forms of megacolon exist and can be congenital (present since birth, such as Hirschsprung's disease). It can also be ...
"Megacolon". The Lecturio Medical Concept Library. Retrieved 10 August 2021. Necrotizing Enterocolitis Bugs, Drugs and Things ... megacolon) Necrotising enterocolitis/pneumatosis coli Bowel cancer Ischemic bowel Steroids After laparotomy After laparoscopy ...
"Megacolon". The Lecturio Medical Concept Library. Retrieved 10 August 2021. Komisaruk, Barry R.; Whipple, Beverly; Nasserzadeh ... chronic constipation and megacolon. A grade IV hemorrhoid protrudes out of the anus. The anus has a relatively high ...
"Megacolon". The Lecturio Medical Concept Library. Retrieved 27 July 2021. "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)". The Lecturio ... uterus and stomach Megacolon, an abnormal dilation of the colon caused by some diseases, such as Chagas disease, a parasitic ...
"Giant Megacolon". The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. "Medical mystery solved: The case of the 'Balloon Man'". M3 USA ...
"Goldberg-Shprintzen megacolon syndrome , Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) - an NCATS Program". rarediseases. ... "Orphanet: Goldberg Shprintzen megacolon syndrome". www.orpha.net. Retrieved 2022-03-23. Valence, Stéphanie; Poirier, Karine; ... Goldberg, R. B.; Shprintzen, R. J. (1981). "Hirschsprung megacolon and cleft palate in two sibs". Journal of Craniofacial ... and Hirschsprung aganglionic megacolon (HAM). This combination of symptoms had not been previously identified with a diagnosis ...
Some tailless cats such as the Manx cats may develop megacolon, which is a recurring condition causing constipation that can be ... ISBN 1-4051-0748-0. Bertoy, Robert W (2002). "Megacolon in the cat". Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice ...
ANO5 Goldberg-Shpritzen megacolon syndrome; 609460; KIAA1279 Gout, PRPS-related; 300661; PRPS1 GRACILE syndrome; 603358; BCS1L ...
Vonderfecht, SL; Bowling AT; Cohen M (January 1983). "Congenital intestinal megacolon in white foals". Veterinary Pathology. 20 ...
Only lethal in the homozygous state, the mutations are associated with white-spotted coats, deafness, and megacolon caused by ... Vonderfecht, SL; Bowling AT; Cohen M (January 1983). "Congenital intestinal megacolon in white foals". Veterinary Pathology. ... "Null mutation of endothelin receptor type B gene in spotting lethal rats causes aganglionic megacolon and white coat color". ... mutations of endothelin-B receptor gene produce megacolon associated with spotted coat color in mice". Cell. 79 (7): 1267-76. ...
Patients with toxic megacolon (colonic dilation > 6 cm and toxic appearing) who do not respond to steroid therapy within 72 ... Surgery is also indicated for patients with severe colitis or toxic megacolon. Patients with symptoms that are disabling and do ... Loperamide may be given for symptomatic relief of chronic diarrhea, but should not be given in suspected toxic megacolon. ... However, in those with fulminant colitis or megacolon, with high fever, leukocytosis with high bandemia, and peritoneal signs, ...
It is a type of megacolon, sometimes referred to as "acute megacolon," to distinguish it from toxic megacolon. The condition ... Acute megacolon can also lead to ischemic necrosis in massively dilated intestinal segments. This is explained by Pascal's law ... Acute megacolon develops because of abnormal intestinal motility. Normal colonic motility requires integration of myogenic, ... Drug-induced megacolon (such as from clozapine) has been associated with mortality as high as 27.5%. Ponec RJ, Saunders MD, ...
"The association of Waardenburg syndrome and Hirschsprung megacolon". American Journal of Medical Genetics. 3 (3): 217-223. doi: ...
It may increase the risk of toxic megacolon. Loperamide's safety in pregnancy is unclear, but no evidence of harm has been ... as cases of both viral and bacterial toxic megacolon have been reported. If abdominal distension is noted, therapy with ... as it increases the risk of toxin retention and precipitation of toxic megacolon. Loperamide should be administered with ... side effects include toxic megacolon, paralytic ileus, angioedema, anaphylaxis/allergic reactions, toxic epidermal necrolysis, ...
"The association of Waardenburg syndrome and Hirschsprung megacolon". American Journal of Medical Genetics. 3 (3): 217-223. doi: ...
... megacolon, and megaureter, respectively. Because the ENS is known as the "brain of the gut", due to its similarities with the ...
Toxic megacolon paralyzes bowel movements or causes passing gas. Reactive arthritis, which is the inflammation of joints ... toxic megacolon, and reactive arthritis. Persons with diarrhea usually recover completely, although it may be several months ...
Complications include toxic megacolon, dehydration and sepsis. Such complications generally occur in young children (< 1 year ...
Benivieni also saw intestinal perforations in chronic dysentery (it recalls the amoebic dysentery); a megacolon in a child who ... and a megacolon; he was the first to objectively study teratology, and also in the clinical field he had a very important ...
Complications may include enterocolitis, megacolon, bowel obstruction and intestinal perforation. The disorder may occur by ... megacolon) in the pericentromeric region of human chromosome 10". Nat. Genet. 4 (4): 351-6. doi:10.1038/ng0893-351. PMID ... because of the presence of megacolon, or because the baby fails to pass the first stool (meconium) within 48 hours of delivery ...
... causing impaired colonic motility and leading to toxic megacolon. Toxic megacolon represents a medical emergency, one often ... Surgery is also indicated for people with severe colitis or toxic megacolon. People with symptoms that are disabling and do not ... Imaging such as x-ray or CT scan to evaluate for possible perforation or toxic megacolon Stool culture and Clostridioides ... Complications may include abnormal dilation of the colon (megacolon), inflammation of the eye, joints, or liver, and colon ...
High grade colitis may lead to severe complications, including perforation, toxic megacolon and death. Bleeding may occur due ... Abdominal imaging may be necessary to rule out toxic megacolon or perforation. Though rare, gastrointestinal metastases (rare) ... such as perforation or toxic megacolon. Fecal calprotectin, a stool test and marker of inflammation, may be used to follow ... or toxic megacolon. Grade 5 colitis results in death. ...
Complications may include pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon, perforation of the colon, and sepsis. Clostridioides ...
When Swenson performed the procedure in 1948, it was the first successful surgical correction of megacolon. It was not however ... Swenson, O; Neuhauser, EB; Pickett, LK (1949). "New concepts of the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of congenital megacolon ( ... causing constipation and megacolon (abnormal dilation of the colon). He began his research on the condition while he was a ... performed the first pull-through operation in a child with megacolon, which then became a treatment for the disease. Initially ...
Dobson G, Hickey C, Trinder J (June 2003). "Clostridium difficile colitis causing toxic megacolon, severe sepsis and multiple ...
Diameters larger than certain thresholds for each colonic section can be diagnostic for megacolon. The cecum is the first ... Ileus Intussusception Irritable bowel syndrome Pseudomembranous colitis Ulcerative colitis and toxic megacolon Colonoscopy is ...
"Megacolon associated with administration of an anticholinergic drug in a patient with ulcerative colitis". The American Journal ...
Elvis Presley's megacolon, and other ruminations on death by constipation. The Ick Factor: We can cure you, but there's just ...
"Amoebic toxic megacolon with poly-helminthic coinfection: Case presentation and review of intestinal polyparasitic infections ...
Idiopathic megacolon Toxic megacolon Megacolon secondary to infection Clostridium difficile Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease) ... CMV may also increase the risk of toxic megacolon in non-HIV/AIDS patients with IBD. Megacolon can be associated with Chagas ... Congenital or aganglionic megacolon Medication Acquired megacolon, of which there are several possible causes: ... can result in megacolon. Toxic megacolon is mainly seen in ulcerative colitis and pseudomembranous colitis, two chronic ...
Toxic megacolon occurs when swelling and inflammation spread into the deeper layers of your colon. As a result, the colon stops ... Toxic megacolon occurs when swelling and inflammation spread into the deeper layers of your colon. As a result, the colon stops ... Toxic dilation of the colon; Megarectum; Inflammatory bowel disease - toxic megacolon; Crohn disease - toxic megacolon; ... Toxic megacolon may occur in people with an inflamed colon due to: *Ulcerative colitis, or Crohn disease that is not well ...
Toxic megacolon is the clinical term for an acute toxic colitis with dilatation of the colon. The dilatation can be either ... It is important to differentiate toxic megacolon from other conditions that present with megacolon without systemic toxicity ... encoded search term (Toxic Megacolon) and Toxic Megacolon What to Read Next on Medscape ... Toxic megacolon due to Salmonella: a case report and review of the literature. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2002 Jul. 17(4):275-9. [ ...
Megacolon, as well as megarectum, is a descriptive term. It denotes dilatation of the colon that is not caused by mechanical ... The frequency of acquired megacolon is equally distributed between the sexes. The congenital megacolon, Hirschsprung disease, ... encoded search term (Chronic Megacolon) and Chronic Megacolon What to Read Next on Medscape ... Causes of congenital megacolon. Enteric neuropathies include the following:. * Hirschsprung disease (congenital aganglionosis) ...
The most common cause of colonic inertia is idiopathic (meaning unknown cause) megacolon. Idiopathic megacolon is a disease in ... Diagnosis of megacolon is based on history and physical exam, and is confirmed with radiographs (x-rays) of the abdomen. The ... Megacolon is a term used to describe a very dilated, flaccid, incompetent colon. This usually occurs, secondary to chronic ... Megacolon itself is not a specific disease entity, but it will usually result in obstipation (inability to defecate), since ...
Constipation and Megacolon Casestudy: Can Surgery Save A Cat from Misery?. Is your cat constipated? Dont wait to take action! ... Constipation and Megacolon Casestudy: Can Surgery Save A Cat from Misery?. Is your cat constipated? Dont wait to take action! ...
Figure 3d: Obstructive Megacolon due to Fibrosarcoma. Case history and photos. History. This is a 16 month-old female rat, ... One of the issues with megacolon is that the colon cannot properly process food. Even though Tinkerbelle had been eating, she ... The necropsy revealed: severe megacolon, thickened rectal tissue, and rectoanal lesions obstructing the passage of stool.. ...
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Toxic megacolon is a well known complication in inflammatory bowel disease such as ulcerative colitis or Crohns disease. The ... Toxic megacolon complicating Escherichia coli O157 infection.. Deepa M Nayar, Shanmu Vetrivel, Jack McElroy, Pearl Pai, Roland ... development of toxic megacolon as a complication of infectious colitis is rare. However it is recognised as a complication of ... ileo-colitis in a previously fit and healthy young adult female caused by Escherichia coli O157 where toxic megacolon developed ...
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A toxic megacolon is a rare yet life-threatening complication of severe colon disease or infection. It is diagnosed when your ...
Congenital megacolon. Aganglionic megacolon, or Hirschsprung disease, is a condition of unknown cause that is characterized by ... Acquired megacolon. Acquired megacolon is commonly caused by a combination of faulty toilet training and emotional disorders ... Acquired megacolon is occasionally encountered in those with schizophrenia and severe depression. It may be related to ... Severe degrees of constipation, often running in families and leading to megacolon, occur, but the cause has not been ...
Toxic megacolon. Toxic megacolon is a rare but life-threatening complication of IBD. Although it is more common among people ... Toxic megacolon occurs when inflammation causes the colon to expand to such an extent that it cannot contract. The result is a ... Recognizing indications of toxic megacolon and receiving prompt treatment can reduce the risk of life-threatening complications ... Toxic megacolon. (n.d.). https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/digestive_disorders/toxic_megacolon_134,180. ...
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Refractory medical treatment of Crohn disease-associated toxic megacolon usually requires surgery, which carries substantial ... This is the first report of treatment of Crohn disease-associated toxic megacolon with infliximab. ... complicated by a toxic megacolon, who was successfully treated with infliximab. Infliximab induced rapid clinical response and ...
Proximal megacolon in an adult. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2014 Sep;12(9):e83-e84. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.05. ... Proximal megacolon in an adult. / Vijayvargiya, Priya; Camilleri, Michael. In: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vol. ... Proximal megacolon in an adult. In: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2014 ; Vol. 12, No. 9. pp. e83-e84. ... Vijayvargiya, P., & Camilleri, M. (2014). Proximal megacolon in an adult. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 12(9), e83- ...
... aganglionic megacolon) -- persistent conspitation resulting from partial or complete intestinal obstruction of mechanical ... Home » Notes » Pediatric Nursing » Hirschsprung Disease (Aganglionic Megacolon) Hirschsprung Disease (Aganglionic Megacolon). ... The diagnosis of aganglionic megacolon is made through the following data:. *Laboratory studies. CBC count, order this test if ... The causes of aganglionic megacolon are:. *Genetic causes. The disease is generally sporadic, although the incidence of ...
Here is some great information on what megacolon is and ... Megacolon in cats is something our Internal Medicine doctors ... Megacolon in Cats!. This content is restricted to site members. If you are an existing user, please log in. New users may ...
Find out the difference, and find out what Megacolon is, too, on this informative page. ... Megacolon is obstipation in which the colons muscles have stretched so much that the colon becomes three or four times larger ... The combination of the enlarged colon and obstipation is called megacolon.. For cats, a permanent solution called subtotal ...
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Antibiotic‐Associated Fulminant Pseudomembranous Colitis without Toxic Megacolon. Barry E. Herman, John Vargo, W. Stephen ... Antibiotic‐Associated Fulminant Pseudomembranous Colitis without Toxic Megacolon. In: American Journal of Gastroenterology. ... Antibiotic‐Associated Fulminant Pseudomembranous Colitis without Toxic Megacolon. / Herman, Barry E.; Vargo, John; Phillips, W ... Antibiotic‐Associated Fulminant Pseudomembranous Colitis without Toxic Megacolon. American Journal of Gastroenterology. 1992 ...
Megacolon Research: *. - 2014; "The KIT Gene Is Associated with the English Spotting Coat Color Locus and Congenital Megacolon ... This syndrome is mostly refered to as Megacolon (MC). Other terms it has been called in the past: *Congenital Megacolon * ... What is Megacolon? *Photos of MC bunnies *Photos of MC poop! *Is my bunny MC? General discussion *Megacolon? Question Post ... "NOT true for all megacolon bunnies, but often for non mc bunnies. You will often find with many rabbits (some megacolon bunnies ...
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Toxic megacolona. 20. ,1. Ileusa. 142. 2. Pseudomembranous colitisa. 29. ,1. ...
Complications that may result from infection include pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon, perforations of the colon, ...
Harmful megacolon. *Volvulus. *Lack of or diminished peristalsis (wave-like muscular contractions that transport food through ...
megacolon: …syndrome are congenital megacolon, or Hirschsprung disease, and acquired megacolon. In congenital megacolon, the ...
Megacolon. *Nausea. *Neoplasm of Gastrointestinal Tract. *Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. *Non-Neonatal Jaundice ...
  • External signs and symptoms are constipation of very long duration, abdominal bloating, abdominal tenderness and tympany, abdominal pain, palpation of hard fecal masses and, in toxic megacolon, fever, low blood potassium, tachycardia and may lead to shock. (wikipedia.org)
  • Congenital or aganglionic megacolon Medication Acquired megacolon, of which there are several possible causes: Idiopathic megacolon Toxic megacolon Megacolon secondary to infection Clostridium difficile Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease) Pheochromocytoma, possibly secondary to its presenting constipation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Toxic megacolon is mainly seen in ulcerative colitis and pseudomembranous colitis, two chronic inflammations of the colon (and occasionally, in the other type of inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease). (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] In patients with HIV/AIDS, cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis is the leading cause of toxic megacolon and emergency laparotomy. (wikipedia.org)
  • CMV may also increase the risk of toxic megacolon in non-HIV/AIDS patients with IBD. (wikipedia.org)
  • Toxic megacolon occurs when swelling and inflammation spread into the deeper layers of your colon. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Treating diseases that cause toxic megacolon, such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn disease, can prevent this condition. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Nishtala MV, Benlice C, Steele SR. Management of toxic megacolon. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Toxic megacolon is a life-threatening condition characterized by nonobstructive segmental or pancolonic dilatation of at least 6 cm with systemic toxicity. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 ] Although inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common reason for toxic megacolon, other etiologies including infections, inflammation, bowel ischemia, radiation, and certain medications can lead to the development of this condition. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] Patients with these conditions do not develop signs of systemic toxicity and, therefore, do not fall into the category of having toxic megacolon (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • Although the precise pathophysiology of toxic megacolon is unproven, several factors may contribute to its development and precipitation. (medscape.com)
  • The microscopic hallmark of toxic megacolon is inflammation extending beyond the mucosa into the muscularis propria. (medscape.com)
  • Whereas the typical ulcerative colitis inflammatory response is limited to the mucosa, toxic megacolon is characterized by severe inflammation extending into the smooth muscle layer, thus paralyzing the colonic smooth muscle and leading to dilatation. (medscape.com)
  • As inflammation progresses into the smooth-muscle layers of the colon, NO and local inflammatory modulators appear to be involved in toxic megacolon pathogenesis. (medscape.com)
  • Neutrophils invade the muscle layer in toxic megacolon and directly damage the myocytes by the release of proteolytic enzymes, cytokines, and leukotriene B 4 . (medscape.com)
  • [ 8 ] According to a study by Schworer et al, patients with toxic megacolon were successfully treated with NO synthase inhibitor. (medscape.com)
  • Toxic megacolon complicating Escherichia coli O157 infection. (qxmd.com)
  • Toxic megacolon is a well known complication in inflammatory bowel disease such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. (qxmd.com)
  • The development of toxic megacolon as a complication of infectious colitis is rare. (qxmd.com)
  • We describe a case of necrotising haemorrhagic ileo-colitis in a previously fit and healthy young adult female caused by Escherichia coli O157 where toxic megacolon developed as a complication along with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). (qxmd.com)
  • Refractory medical treatment of Crohn disease-associated toxic megacolon usually requires surgery, which carries substantial morbidity and mortality. (ru.nl)
  • We report a case of a woman with steroid and antibiotic-refractory fulminant Crohn colitis and ileitis, complicated by a toxic megacolon, who was successfully treated with infliximab. (ru.nl)
  • This is the first report of treatment of Crohn disease-associated toxic megacolon with infliximab. (ru.nl)
  • CDI-related complications, such as toxic megacolon and ileus, were rare. (cdc.gov)
  • Severe or untreated enterocolitis can also lead to toxic megacolon, another life-threatening complication. (rarediseases.org)
  • Imodium must not be used when inhibition of peristalsis is to be avoided due to the possible risk of significant sequelae including ileus, megacolon and toxic megacolon. (medicines.org.uk)
  • There have been isolated reports of obstipation with an increased risk for toxic megacolon in AIDS patients with infectious colitis from both viral and bacterial pathogens treated with loperamide hydrochloride. (medicines.org.uk)
  • There, the doctors quickly recognized that our mother had toxic megacolon caused by bacteria called Clostridioides difficile ( C. diff ) and my mother was in septic shock. (cdc.gov)
  • There are various types of megacolon including congenital megacolon in HIRSCHSPRUNG DISEASE, idiopathic megacolon in CONSTIPATION, and TOXIC MEGACOLON. (bvsalud.org)
  • Exclusion criteria: Participants with current or prior diagnosis of fulminant colitis and or or toxic megacolon. (who.int)
  • Based upon the analysis pseudomembranous colitis, disease may progress to toxic weight applied to each record of this 1% sample, nation- megacolon, sepsis with or without intestinal perforation, al estimates were made regarding the number and charac- and death ( 2 ) CDAD is increasingly recognized among ter of all nonfederal, short-stay hospital discharges. (cdc.gov)
  • megacolon appeared only when there was a reduction of over 80% of the number of neurons these pathologies appeared as a result of the disruption of the neurally integrated control of peristalsis (muscular annular contraction) in those parts where a strong force is necessary to impel the luminal bolus of feces idiopathic megacolon and Chagas megacolon appear to have the same cause, namely the degeneration of the myenteric plexus. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 6 ] idiopathic megacolon/chronic constipation, chronic long-standing constipation of any etiology, and intestinal pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome). (medscape.com)
  • The most common cause of colonic inertia is idiopathic (meaning unknown cause) megacolon. (acvs.org)
  • Idiopathic megacolon is a disease in cats where the colon loses its normal motility and becomes progressively larger. (acvs.org)
  • Woman who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass at age 38 and was subsequently diagnosed with ulcerative proctosigmoiditis at age 44. (medscape.com)
  • Tumors, strictures, and hernias of the rectum/anus can also contribute to the development of megacolon or constipation. (acvs.org)
  • Severe degrees of constipation, often running in families and leading to megacolon, occur, but the cause has not been discovered. (britannica.com)
  • Congenital aganglionic megacolon , also called Hirschsprung disease , is characterized by persistent constipation resulting from partial or complete intestinal obstruction of mechanical origin. (nurseslabs.com)
  • Other forms of megacolon include pseudo-obstruction, acute colonic ileus, or congenital colonic dilation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Aganglionic megacolon , or Hirschsprung disease, is a condition of unknown cause that is characterized by the absence of ganglion cells and normal nerve fibres from the distal (or lower) 3 to 40 cm (1 to 16 inches) of the large intestine. (britannica.com)
  • In some cases, aganglionic megacolon or Hirschsprung disease may be severe enough to be recognized. (nurseslabs.com)
  • Hay varios tipos de megacolon, como el megacolon congénito o ENFERMEDAD DE HIRSCHSPRUNG, el megacolon idiopático del ESTREÑIMIENTO y el MEGACOLON TÓXICO. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cases of aganglionic megacolon are seen in approximately 1 per 5000 live births. (nurseslabs.com)
  • Infants with aganglionic megacolon show tympanitic abdominal distention and symptoms of intestinal obstruction. (nurseslabs.com)
  • Diagnosis of megacolon is based on history and physical exam , and is confirmed with radiographs (x-rays) of the abdomen. (acvs.org)
  • Most cases were women, had Roux-en-Y surgery years prior to diagnosis and few IBD-related complications. (medscape.com)
  • The pathophysiology of chronic megacolon is incompletely understood. (medscape.com)
  • Stercoral ulcers are sometimes observed in chronic megacolon, which may lead to perforation of the intestinal wall in approximately 3% of the cases, leading to sepsis and risk of death. (wikipedia.org)
  • Megacolon is secondary to colonic inertia (functional obstruction) or outlet obstruction (mechanical obstruction). (acvs.org)
  • Megacolon is an abnormal dilation of the colon (also called the large intestine). (wikipedia.org)
  • as yet, there is no evidence for a possible role of nitric oxide in chronic megacolon unrelated to inflammatory bowel disease. (medscape.com)
  • The necropsy revealed: severe megacolon, thickened rectal tissue, and rectoanal lesions obstructing the passage of stool. (ratguide.com)
  • Acquired megacolon is occasionally encountered in those with schizophrenia and severe depression . (britannica.com)
  • Megacolon in Cats! (lvvsc.com)
  • This entry was posted in Furry friends , Vet and tagged cats , megacolon , Milou , purrs , vet . (texascatny.com)
  • A megacolon can be either acute or chronic. (wikipedia.org)
  • This article is devoted to chronic (noncongenital) megacolon. (medscape.com)
  • Active surgical issues included: chronic incisional hernia, enterocutaneous fistulae, and a megacolon secondary to a recto-sigmoid anastomotic stricture. (jwmr.org)
  • Chronic incisional hernia with loss of domain (LOD), enterocutaneous fistulae, and megacolon are complex surgical issues, any one of which is difficult to manage alone [ 1 ]. (jwmr.org)
  • Megacolon can be associated with Chagas disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are several theories on how megacolon (and also megaesophagus) develops in Chagas disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Wallukat et al reported their experience in distinguishing distinct patterns of autoantibodies against G-protein-coupled receptors in Chagas cardiomyopathy and megacolon. (medscape.com)
  • [ 5 ] The investigators measured beta1-autobodies, beta2-autoantibodies, and muscarinergic2 autoantibodies, generally considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of Chagas cardiomyopathy and megacolon, from asymptomatic Chagas patients and those with cardiomyopathy and/or megacolon. (medscape.com)
  • beta1 autoantibodies and muscarinergic2 autoantibodies were predominant in those with Chagas cardiomyopathy, whereas beta2 autoantibodies and muscarinergic2 autoantibodies were predominant in those with Chagas megacolon. (medscape.com)
  • Megacolon is a term used to describe a very dilated, flaccid, incompetent colon. (acvs.org)
  • Megacolon itself is not a specific disease entity, but it will usually result in obstipation (inability to defecate), since feces is retained in the colon in a larger diameter than is able to pass through the pelvis. (acvs.org)
  • One of the issues with megacolon is that the colon cannot properly process food. (ratguide.com)
  • Megacolon is believed to be caused by an improper development or malfunction of the colon/cecum. (vgr1.com)
  • Man who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass at age 26, subsequently diagnosed with Crohn's disease, involving jejunum, ileum and colon, at age 42 when he presented with large volume diarrhoea and rectal bleeding. (medscape.com)
  • Megacolon, as well as megarectum, is a descriptive term. (medscape.com)
  • Some vets do not belive that Megacolon is a real 'syndrome. (vgr1.com)
  • Megacolon is difficult in that each rabbit is different and responds differently to treatment. (vgr1.com)
  • She is a execellent source of information on Megacolon, medicine, and many thigns dealing with rabbits. (vgr1.com)
  • Other forms of megacolon include pseudo-obstruction, acute colonic ileus, or congenital colonic dilation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • CMV may also increase the risk of toxic megacolon in non-HIV/AIDS patients with IBD. (wikipedia.org)
  • Preservation versus excision of the ileocolic junction during colectomy for megacolon: a study of 22 cats. (vin.com)
  • Surgical intervention for acute/ chronic megacolon ( colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis ) is indicated if conservative treatment fails. (amboss.com)
  • The study focused on genes of potential relevance to enteric nerve (ENS) maturation and Hirschsprung's disease or megacolon, based on the literature (GFRA1, NKX2-1, KIF26A, TPM3, ACTG2, SCN10A, and C17orf107 [CHRNE]) and other genetic variants that co-segregated with megacolon in the six affected family members. (nih.gov)
  • Conservative management of toxic megacolon includes bowel rest, IV antibiotics (for infectious colitis ), IV steroids (for inflammatory bowel disease ). (amboss.com)
  • There are three etiological types of megacolon: acute, chronic, and toxic megacolon . (amboss.com)
  • citation needed] Risperidone, an anti-psychotic medication, can result in megacolon. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, chronic constipation and obstipation may result in megacolon where a dilated large bowel is poorly responsive to therapy. (vin.com)
  • Stercoral ulcers are sometimes observed in chronic megacolon, which may lead to perforation of the intestinal wall in approximately 3% of the cases, leading to sepsis and risk of death. (wikipedia.org)
  • There is a high risk of colonic perforation in patients with toxic megacolon . (amboss.com)
  • Complications include dehydration, toxic megacolon, and perforation. (medscape.com)
  • Here is a story of an NHV family member, Bosun, who has been suffering from chronic constipation which leads to megacolon. (nhvpethealth.com)
  • Straight away the NHV team suggested NHV Maris - this supplement is beneficial for cats and dogs with chronic constipation or megacolon as it helps soften the stools and improve bowel movements. (nhvpethealth.com)
  • A megacolon can be either acute or chronic. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moulin V, Dellon P, Laurent O, Aubry S, Lubrano J, Delabrousse E. Toxic megacolon in patients with severe acute colitis: computed tomographic features. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with acute/ chronic megacolon typically present with abdominal pain , bloating , and constipation . (amboss.com)
  • Patients with acute/ chronic megacolon can often be treated conservatively with bowel rest, dietary modifications, prokinetic drugs , and/or neostigmine . (amboss.com)
  • Colonoscopic decompression is often successful in patients with acute megacolon . (amboss.com)
  • Arumilli BR, Koneru P, Fayyaz I. Toxic megacolon from hypervirulent Clostridium difficile infection (ribotype 027) following elective total knee replacement: an emerging challenge in modern health care. (medscape.com)
  • Toxic megacolon associated Clostridium difficile colitis. (medscape.com)
  • The diagnosis of Clostridioides difficile infection is dependent on both (1) the presence of diarrhea or radiologic evidence of ileus or toxic megacolon and (2) positive stool test for toxigenic C. difficile or its toxins, or colonoscopy/histologic evidence of pseudomembranous colitis. (cap.org)
  • Toxin-producing strains of C . difficile , an anaerobic spore-forming bacillus, cause illnesses ranging from mild diarrhea to fulminant colitis and toxic megacolon leading to sepsis and even death. (cdc.gov)
  • There, the doctors quickly recognized that our mother had toxic megacolon caused by bacteria called Clostridioides difficile ( C. diff ) and my mother was in septic shock. (cdc.gov)
  • Intestinal/colonic obstruction (eg, malignancy, imperforate anus, fecal impaction, rectal prolapse) should also be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic megacolon. (medscape.com)
  • McGuire E, Tiberi S, Ciesielczuk H, Melzer M. Shigellosis and toxic megacolon secondary to Shigella flexneri serotype 3a: The challenges of laboratory diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • Megacolon is secondary to colonic inertia (functional obstruction) or outlet obstruction (mechanical obstruction). (acvs.org)
  • Megacolon may be seen as a primary condition or secondary condition following long-term constipation. (vcahospitals.com)
  • External signs and symptoms are constipation of very long duration, abdominal bloating, abdominal tenderness and tympany, abdominal pain, palpation of hard fecal masses and, in toxic megacolon, fever, low blood potassium, tachycardia and may lead to shock. (wikipedia.org)
  • And that will lead to progressive cardiac damage, ultimately leading to cardiac failure or to megaesophagus/megacolon symptoms. (asm.org)
  • Fulminant colitis and toxic megacolon. (qxmd.com)
  • Familial chronic megacolon presenting in childhood or adulthood: Seeking the presumed gene association. (medscape.com)
  • We identified a pedigree over five generations with 49 members, some of whom had chronic megacolon presenting in adolescence or adulthood. (nih.gov)
  • Toxic megacolon due to Salmonella: a case report and review of the literature. (medscape.com)
  • Background: Chronic megacolon is a rare disease of the colonic motor function characterized by a permanent increase in colonic diameter. (elsevierpure.com)
  • citation needed] In patients with HIV/AIDS, cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis is the leading cause of toxic megacolon and emergency laparotomy. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 1 ] Patients with these conditions do not develop signs of systemic toxicity and, therefore, do not fall into the category of having toxic megacolon. (medscape.com)
  • Induction of nitric oxide synthase in colonic smooth muscle from patients with toxic megacolon. (medscape.com)
  • Gibbons D, Camilleri M, Nelson AD, Eckert D. Characteristics of chronic megacolon among patients diagnosed with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B. (medscape.com)
  • Characterization of the presence and distribution of Foxp3(+) cells in chagasic patients with and without megacolon. (medscape.com)
  • Megacolon in patients with chronic spinal cord injury. (medscape.com)
  • Two of the patients with megacolon perforated and died. (qxmd.com)
  • Methods: We reviewed electronic medical records of all patients diagnosed with chronic megacolon from 1999 to 2014 at Mayo Clinic. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The spectrum ranges from mild diarrhea to toxic megacolon, with some patients not having any diarrhea at all. (cap.org)
  • Tumors, strictures, and hernias of the rectum/anus can also contribute to the development of megacolon or constipation. (acvs.org)
  • We aimed to assess the genetic cause of chronic megacolon through clinical and DNA studies. (nih.gov)
  • Since Bosun had already been diagnosed with megacolon he still had to undergo the procedure to remove his stool. (nhvpethealth.com)
  • Schworer H, Bohn M, Waezsada SY, Raddatz D, Ramadori G. Successful treatment of megacolon associated with colitis with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. (medscape.com)
  • Grieco MB, Bordan DL, Geiss AC, Beil AR Jr. Toxic megacolon complicating Crohn's colitis. (medscape.com)