Menispermaceae
Cissampelos
Axenic Culture
New rearranged clerodane diterpenes from Tinospora baenzigeri. (1/9)
Baenzigeroside B, a new rearranged clerodane diterpene glucoside, was isolated from the stems of Tinospora baenzigeri. The aglycone of baenzigeroside B, baenzigeride B (isolated as its acetate), was found together with baenzigeride A, baenzigerosides A and B in the leaves of the same plant. Baenzigeride B and baenzigeroside B are the first examples of a new class of rearranged clerodane diterpenes. The possible biogenesis of the compounds is discussed. (+info)Examination of the nitric oxide production-suppressing component in Tinospora tuberculata. (2/9)
The component of aqueous Tinospora tuberculata extract that inhibits nitric oxide (NO) production was examined using macrophages activated by the addition of lipopolysaccharide. The aqueous extract was partitioned with ethyl acetate. The aqueous layer was fractionated with a Diaion column. The residue of the aqueous extract was extracted with methanol, and partitioned with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate layer was found to be associated with a distinct decrease in the NO level and inducible NO synthase. On further fractionation, the subfraction of E-3 showed high anti-NO activity. N-trans-Feruloyltyramine isolated from E-3 was identified as exhibiting strong anti-NO activity. This compound is the most active component of Tinospora tuberculata with respect to the suppression of NO production. (+info)Antibabesial activity of protoberberine alkaloids and 20-hydroxyecdysone from Arcangelisia flava against Babesia gibsoni in culture. (3/9)
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the boiled extract from the stems of Arcangelisia flava led to the isolation of palmatine (1), berberine (2), jatrorrhizine (3), dihydroberberine (4) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (5). The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of their chemical and spectral evidence. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their growth inhibiting effects on Babesia gibsoni in culture for a week. Compounds (1-4) showed significant inhibitions at concentrations from 100 to 1.0 microg/ml, while compound 5 at a concentration of 100 microg/ml, only. (+info)Authentication of Coscinium fenestratum among the other Menispermaceae plants prescribed in Thai folk medicines. (4/9)
In Ayurveda and Thai traditional medicines, material from Coscinium fenestratum is commonly prescribed as active ingredients with diverse therapeutic purposes. However, C. fenestratum is also a seriously endangered medicinal liana. Thus, its crude material is very rare and is being substituted with substances from Arcangelisia flava or Fibraurea tinctoria (Menispermaceae), which have high morphological similarity. In this current study, nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene and nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequences with the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLPs) technique were exploited to identify these three species. The nuclear 18S rRNA gene sequences of C. fenestratum, A. flava, and F. tinctoria consisted of 1809, 1805, and 1809 base pairs (bps), respectively, while their ITS gene regions were 694, 622, and 631 bps in length, respectively. The 18S rRNA gene of C. fenestratum digested with SmaI restriction enzyme displayed the electrophoresis profile of 729 and 790 bps; for A. flava and F. tinctoria, the digested products showed fragments of 1519 bps. Although the ITS gene regions of A. flava and F. tinctoria had unrecognized sequences with SalI, the SalI-digested ITS of C. fenestratum exhibited fragments of approximately 599 bp. Thus, the 18S rRNA gene and ITS gene sequences with PCR-RFLPs were proven to be powerful molecular markers for identifying C. fenestratum and distinguishing it from the other two Menispermaceae plants. (+info)In vitro effects of Warburgia ugandensis, Psiadia punctulata and Chasmanthera dependens on Leishmania major promastigotes. (5/9)
Plant extracts from Warburgia ugandensis Sprague (Family: Canellaceae), Psiadia punctulata Vatke (Family: Compositae) and Chasmanthera dependens Hoschst (Family: Menispermaceae) were tested for activity on Leishmania major promastigotes (Strain IDU/KE/83 = NLB-144) and infected macrophages in vitro. Plants were collected from Baringo district, dried, extracted, weighed and tested for antileishmanial activity. Serial dilutions of the crude extracts were assayed for their activity against Leishmania major in cell free cultures and in infected macrophages in vitro. Inhibitory concentrations and levels of cytotoxicity were determined. Warburgia ugandensis, Psiadia punctulata and Chasmanthera dependens had an IC(50) of 1.114 mg/ml, 2.216 mg/ml and 4.648 mg/ml, respectively. The cytotoxicity of the drugs on BALB/c peritoneal macrophage cells was insignificant as compared to the highly toxic drug of choice Pentostam((R)). The supernatants from control and Leishmania infected macrophages were analyzed for their nitrite contents by Griess reaction and nitrite absorbance measured at 540 nm. Warburgia ugandensis (stem bark water extract), Chasmanthera dependens (stem bark water extract) and Psiadia punctulata (stem bark methanol extract) produced 112.3%, 94% and 88.5% more nitric oxide than the untreated infected macrophages respectively. Plant crude extracts had significant (p<0.05) anti-leishmanial and immunomodulative effects but insignificant cytotoxic effects at 1mg/ml concentration. All experiments were performed in triplicate. Statistical analysis of the differences between mean values obtained from the experimental group compared to the controls was done by students't test. ANOVA was used to determine the differences between the various treatment groups. The analysis program Probit was used to determine IC(50)s. (+info)Alkaloidal variation in cissampelos capensis (Menispermaceae). (6/9)
(+info)Polar compounds isolated from the leaves of Albertisia delagoensis (Menispermaceae). (7/9)
(+info)Phytogeographic implications of fossil endocarps of Menispermaceae from the Paleocene of Colombia. (8/9)
(+info)Menispermaceae is not a medical term, but a botanical term referring to a family of flowering plants. It includes around 70 genera and 450-550 species of woody vines, shrubs, and small trees. Some members of this family contain alkaloids and have been used in traditional medicine in various parts of the world. However, it is important to note that the use of these plants as medicine should be done under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as they can also contain toxic compounds.
Cissampelos is a genus of climbing shrubs and vines that belong to the family Menispermaceae. It includes several species that are native to tropical regions of the Americas, Africa, and Asia. Some of these species have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes, such as treating pain, inflammation, fever, and gastrointestinal disorders. However, it is important to note that many of these uses have not been scientifically validated, and some Cissampelos species contain toxic compounds that can cause adverse effects if used improperly. Therefore, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before using any Cissampelos preparations for medicinal purposes.
An axenic culture is a type of laboratory culture that is free from any other living organisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This is achieved by using specific techniques to sterilize the growth medium and eliminate any contaminating microorganisms. Axenic cultures are often used in scientific research to study the pure effects of a single organism without the influence of other organisms. They are commonly used in fields such as microbiology, cell biology, and genetics.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Wyoming" is not a medical term or condition. It is the name of a state, the 44th state to be admitted into the United States of America. Wyoming is located in the western part of the country and is known for its natural beauty, including Yellowstone National Park, which is partially located within its borders. If you have any questions about medical terms or conditions, I'd be happy to try to help answer those for you!