A genus of gram-positive, anaerobic, cocci to short rod-shaped ARCHAEA, in the family METHANOBACTERIACEAE, order METHANOBACTERIALES. They are found in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or other anoxic environments.
A family of anaerobic, coccoid to rod-shaped METHANOBACTERIALES. Cell membranes are composed mainly of polyisoprenoid hydrocarbons ether-linked to glycerol. Its organisms are found in anaerobic habitats throughout nature.
A phylum of ARCHAEA comprising at least seven classes: Methanobacteria, Methanococci, Halobacteria (extreme halophiles), Archaeoglobi (sulfate-reducing species), Methanopyri, and the thermophiles: Thermoplasmata, and Thermococci.
The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Immunoglobulins produced in a response to ARCHAEAL ANTIGENS.
A family of anaerobic METHANOMICROBIALES whose cells are coccoid to straight or slightly curved rods. There are six genera.
Substances of archaeal origin that have antigenic activity.
An order of anaerobic, coccoid to rod-shaped methanogens, in the kingdom EURYARCHAEOTA. They are nonmotile, do not catabolize carbohydrates, proteinaceous material, or organic compounds other than formate or carbon monoxide, and are widely distributed in nature.
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of archaea.
Chemical agents that increase the permeability of CELL MEMBRANES to SODIUM ions.
One of the three domains of life (the others being BACTERIA and Eukarya), formerly called Archaebacteria under the taxon Bacteria, but now considered separate and distinct. They are characterized by: (1) the presence of characteristic tRNAs and ribosomal RNAs; (2) the absence of peptidoglycan cell walls; (3) the presence of ether-linked lipids built from branched-chain subunits; and (4) their occurrence in unusual habitats. While archaea resemble bacteria in morphology and genomic organization, they resemble eukarya in their method of genomic replication. The domain contains at least four kingdoms: CRENARCHAEOTA; EURYARCHAEOTA; NANOARCHAEOTA; and KORARCHAEOTA.
The first stomach of ruminants. It lies on the left side of the body, occupying the whole of the left side of the abdomen and even stretching across the median plane of the body to the right side. It is capacious, divided into an upper and a lower sac, each of which has a blind sac at its posterior extremity. The rumen is lined by mucous membrane containing no digestive glands, but mucus-secreting glands are present in large numbers. Coarse, partially chewed food is stored and churned in the rumen until the animal finds circumstances convenient for rumination. When this occurs, little balls of food are regurgitated through the esophagus into the mouth, and are subjected to a second more thorough mastication, swallowed, and passed on into other parts of the compound stomach. (From Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 17th ed)
I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "geese" is a common name for certain species of waterfowl and doesn't have a medical definition. It is not related to medical terminology or healthcare.
Derivatives of formic acids. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are formed with a single carbon carboxy group.
Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.
The discarding or destroying of liquid waste products or their transformation into something useful or innocuous.
A phylum of EUKARYOTES characterized by the presence of cilia at some time during the life cycle. It comprises three classes: KINETOFRAGMINOPHOREA; OLIGOHYMENOPHOREA; and POLYMENOPHOREA.
DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.
Worthless, damaged, defective, superfluous or effluent material from industrial operations.
The functional genetic units of ARCHAEA.
Tools or devices for generating products using the synthetic or chemical conversion capacity of a biological system. They can be classical fermentors, cell culture perfusion systems, or enzyme bioreactors. For production of proteins or enzymes, recombinant microorganisms such as bacteria, mammalian cells, or insect or plant cells are usually chosen.
Generally refers to the digestive structures stretching from the MOUTH to ANUS, but does not include the accessory glandular organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.
The variety of all native living organisms and their various forms and interrelationships.
Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.

Molecular diversity of rumen methanogens from sheep in Western Australia. (1/38)

The molecular diversity of rumen methanogens in sheep in Australia was investigated by using individual 16S rRNA gene libraries prepared from the rumen contents obtained from six merino sheep grazing pasture (326 clones), six sheep fed an oaten hay-based diet (275 clones), and five sheep fed a lucerne hay-based diet (132 clones). A total of 733 clones were examined, and the analysis revealed 65 phylotypes whose sequences (1,260 bp) were similar to those of cultivated methanogens belonging to the order Methanobrevibacter: Pasture-grazed sheep had more methanogen diversity than sheep fed either the oaten hay or lucerne hay diet. Methanobrevibacter strains SM9, M6, and NT7 accounted for over 90% of the total number of clones identified. M6 was more prevalent in grazing sheep, and SM9, despite being found in 16 of the 17 sheep, was more prevalent in sheep fed the lucerne-based diet. Five new species were identified. Two of these species exhibited very little sequence similarity to any cultivated methanogens and were found eight times in two of the six sheep that were grazing pasture. These unique sequences appear to represent a novel group of rumen archaea that are atypical for the rumen environment.  (+info)

Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences of genus Methanobrevibacter. (2/38)

BACKGROUND: The phylogeny of the genus Methanobrevibacter was established almost 25 years ago on the basis of the similarities of the 16S rRNA oligonucleotide catalogs. Since then, many 16S rRNA gene sequences of newly isolated strains or clones representing the genus Methanobrevibacter have been deposited. We tried to reorganize the 16S rRNA gene sequences of this genus and revise the taxonomic affiliation of the isolates and clones representing the genus Methanobrevibacter. RESULTS: The phylogenetic analysis of the genus based on 786 bp aligned region from fifty-four representative sequences of the 120 available sequences for the genus revealed seven multi-member groups namely, Ruminantium, Smithii, Woesei, Curvatus, Arboriphilicus, Filiformis, and the Termite gut symbionts along with three separate lineages represented by Mbr. wolinii, Mbr. acididurans, and termite gut flagellate symbiont LHD12. The cophenetic correlation coefficient, a test for the ultrametric properties of the 16S rRNA gene sequences used for the tree was found to be 0.913 indicating the high degree of goodness of fit of the tree topology. A significant relationship was found between the 16S rRNA sequence similarity (S) and the extent of DNA hybridization (D) for the genus with the correlation coefficient (r) for logD and logS, and for [ln(-lnD) and ln(-lnS)] being 0.73 and 0.796 respectively. Our analysis revealed that for this genus, when S = 0.984, D would be <70% at least 99% of the times, and with 70% D as the species "cutoff", any 16S rRNA gene sequence showing <98% sequence similarity can be considered as a separate species. In addition, we deduced group specific signature positions that have remained conserved in evolution of the genus. CONCLUSIONS: A very significant relationship between D and S was found to exist for the genus Methanobrevibacter, implying that it is possible to predict D from S with a known precision for the genus. We propose to include the termite gut flagellate symbiont LHD12, the methanogenic endosymbionts of the ciliate Nyctotherus ovalis, and rat feces isolate RT reported earlier, as separate species of the genus Methanobrevibacter.  (+info)

Diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora. (3/38)

The human endogenous intestinal microflora is an essential "organ" in providing nourishment, regulating epithelial development, and instructing innate immunity; yet, surprisingly, basic features remain poorly described. We examined 13,355 prokaryotic ribosomal RNA gene sequences from multiple colonic mucosal sites and feces of healthy subjects to improve our understanding of gut microbial diversity. A majority of the bacterial sequences corresponded to uncultivated species and novel microorganisms. We discovered significant intersubject variability and differences between stool and mucosa community composition. Characterization of this immensely diverse ecosystem is the first step in elucidating its role in health and disease.  (+info)

Structure and topology of microbial communities in the major gut compartments of Melolontha melolontha larvae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). (4/38)

Physicochemical gut conditions and the composition and topology of the intestinal microbiota in the major gut compartments of the root-feeding larva of the European cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha) were studied. Axial and radial profiles of pH, O2, H2, and redox potential were measured with microsensors. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes in midgut samples of individual larvae revealed a simple but variable and probably nonspecific community structure. In contrast, the T-RFLP profiles of the hindgut samples were more diverse but highly similar, especially in the wall fraction, indicating the presence of a gut-specific community involved in digestion. While high acetate concentrations in the midgut and hindgut (34 and 15 mM) corroborated the presence of microbial fermentation in both compartments, methanogenesis was confined to the hindgut. Methanobrevibacter spp. were the only methanogens detected and were restricted to this compartment. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene clone libraries of the hindgut were dominated by clones related to the Clostridiales. Clones related to the Actinobacteria, Bacillales, Lactobacillales, and gamma-Proteobacteria were restricted to the lumen, whereas clones related to the beta- and delta-Proteobacteria were found only on the hindgut wall. Results of PCR-based analyses and fluorescence in situ hybridization of whole cells with group-specific oligonucleotide probes documented that Desulfovibrio-related bacteria comprise 10 to 15% of the bacterial community at the hindgut wall. The restriction of the sulfate-reducer-specific adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase gene apsA to DNA extracts of the hindgut wall in larvae from four other populations in Europe suggested that sulfate reducers generally colonize this habitat.  (+info)

Quantitative immunologic analysis of the methanogenic flora of digestors reveals a considerable diversity. (5/38)

To determine which methanogens occur in digestors, we performed a quantitative immunologic analysis of a variety of samples. A comprehensive panel of calibrated polyclonal antibody probes of predefined specificity spectra was used. This allowed precise identification of bacteria by antigenic fingerprinting. A considerable diversity of methanogens was uncovered, much larger than previously reported, encompassing at least 14 strains of 11 species. Strategies were developed to measure the load of any given methanogen in a sample and to compare samples quantitatively. Two methanogens were found to predominate which were antigenically closely related with either Methanobacterium formicicum MF or Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus AZ. Fundamental data, probes, and methods are now available to monitor methanogenic subpopulations during digestor operation and thus learn about their respective roles and predictive significance.  (+info)

A humanized gnotobiotic mouse model of host-archaeal-bacterial mutualism. (6/38)

Our colons harbor trillions of microbes including a prominent archaeon, Methanobrevibacter smithii. To examine the contributions of Archaea to digestive health, we colonized germ-free mice with Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, an adaptive bacterial forager of the polysaccharides that we consume, with or without M. smithii or the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio piger. Whole-genome transcriptional profiling of B. thetaiotaomicron, combined with mass spectrometry, revealed that, unlike D. piger, M. smithii directs B. thetaiotaomicron to focus on fermentation of dietary fructans to acetate, whereas B. thetaiotaomicron-derived formate is used by M. smithii for methanogenesis. B. thetaiotaomicron-M. smithii cocolonization produces a significant increase in host adiposity compared with monoassociated, or B. thetaiotaomicron-D. piger biassociated, animals. These findings demonstrate a link between this archaeon, prioritized bacterial utilization of polysaccharides commonly encountered in our modern diets, and host energy balance.  (+info)

Identification and quantification of methanogenic Archaea in adult chicken ceca. (7/38)

By using molecular methods for the identification and quantification of methanogenic archaea in adult chicken ceca, 16S rRNA genes of 11 different phylotypes, 10 of which were 99% similar to Methanobrevibacter woesei, were found. Methanogen populations, as assessed by cultivation, and the 16S rRNA copy number were between 6.38 and 8.23 cells/g (wet weight) and 5.50 and 7.19 log(10)/g (wet weight), respectively.  (+info)

Rapid clonal expansion and prolonged maintenance of memory CD8+ T cells of the effector (CD44highCD62Llow) and central (CD44highCD62Lhigh) phenotype by an archaeosome adjuvant independent of TLR2. (8/38)

Vaccines capable of eliciting long-term T cell immunity are required for combating many diseases. Live vectors can be unsafe whereas subunit vaccines often lack potency. We previously reported induction of CD8(+) T cells to Ag entrapped in archaeal glycerolipid vesicles (archaeosomes). In this study, we evaluated the priming, phenotype, and functionality of the CD8(+) T cells induced after immunization of mice with OVA-Methanobrevibacter smithii archaeosomes (MS-OVA). A single injection of MS-OVA evoked a profound primary response but the numbers of H-2K(b)OVA(257-264)-specific CD8(+) T cells declined by 14-21 days, and <1% of primarily central phenotype (CD44(high)CD62L(high)) cells persisted. A booster injection of MS-OVA at 3-11 wk promoted massive clonal expansion and a peak effector response of approximately 20% splenic/blood OVA(257-264)-specific CD8(+) T cells. Furthermore, contraction was protracted and the memory pool (IL-7Ralpha(high)) of approximately 5% included effector (CD44(high)CD62L(low)) and central (CD44(high)CD62L(high)) phenotype cells. Recall response was observed even at >300 days. CFSE-labeled naive OT-1 (OVA(257-264) TCR transgenic) cells transferred into MS-OVA-immunized recipients cycled profoundly (>90%) within the first week of immunization indicating potent Ag presentation. Moreover, approximately 25% cycling of Ag-specific cells was seen for >50 days, suggesting an Ag depot. In vivo, CD8(+) T cells evoked by MS-OVA killed >80% of specific targets, even at day 180. MS-OVA induced responses similar in magnitude to Listeria monocytogenes-OVA, a potent live vector. Furthermore, protective CD8(+) T cells were induced in TLR2-deficient mice, suggesting nonengagement of TLR2 by archaeal lipids. Thus, an archaeosome adjuvant vaccine represents an alternative to live vectors for inducing CD8(+) T cell memory.  (+info)

Methanobrevibacter is a genus of archaea (single-celled microorganisms) that are methanogens, meaning they produce methane as a metabolic byproduct. These organisms are commonly found in the digestive tracts of animals, including humans, where they help break down organic matter and recycle nutrients. They are strict anaerobes, requiring an environment free of oxygen to survive and grow. Some species within this genus have been associated with dental diseases such as periodontitis. However, more research is needed to fully understand their role in human health and disease.

Methanobacteriaceae is a family of archaea within the order Methanobacteriales. These are obligate anaerobes that obtain energy for growth by reducing carbon dioxide to methane, a process called methanogenesis. They are commonly found in anaerobic environments such as wetlands, digestive tracts of animals, and sewage sludge. Some species are thermophilic, meaning they prefer higher temperatures, while others are mesophilic, growing best at moderate temperatures. Methanobacteriaceae are important contributors to the global carbon cycle and have potential applications in bioremediation and bioenergy production.

Euryarchaeota is a phylum within the domain Archaea, which consists of a diverse group of microorganisms that are commonly found in various environments such as soil, oceans, and the digestive tracts of animals. This group includes methanogens, which are archaea that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct, and extreme halophiles, which are archaea that thrive in highly saline environments.

The name Euryarchaeota comes from the Greek words "eury," meaning wide or broad, and "archaios," meaning ancient or primitive. This name reflects the phylum's diverse range of habitats and metabolic capabilities.

Euryarchaeota are characterized by their unique archaeal-type cell walls, which contain a variety of complex polysaccharides and proteins. They also have a distinct type of intracellular membrane called the archaellum, which is involved in motility. Additionally, Euryarchaeota have a unique genetic code that differs from that of bacteria and eukaryotes, with some codons specifying different amino acids.

Overall, Euryarchaeota are an important group of archaea that play a significant role in global carbon and nitrogen cycles, as well as in the breakdown of organic matter in various environments.

Methane is not a medical term, but it is a chemical compound that is often mentioned in the context of medicine and health. Medically, methane is significant because it is one of the gases produced by anaerobic microorganisms during the breakdown of organic matter in the gut, leading to conditions such as bloating, cramping, and diarrhea. Excessive production of methane can also be a symptom of certain digestive disorders like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO).

In broader terms, methane is a colorless, odorless gas that is the primary component of natural gas. It is produced naturally by the decomposition of organic matter in anaerobic conditions, such as in landfills, wetlands, and the digestive tracts of animals like cows and humans. Methane is also a potent greenhouse gas with a global warming potential 25 times greater than carbon dioxide over a 100-year time frame.

Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system in response to the presence of foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, or other harmful agents. They are capable of recognizing and binding to specific antigens (molecules on the surface of these agents) in order to neutralize or eliminate them from the body.

Archaeal antibodies, also known as archaeal immunoglobulins, are a type of antibody found in certain species of Archaea, a domain of single-celled microorganisms that are distinct from bacteria and eukaryotes (organisms with complex cells). Unlike the antibodies produced by animals, which consist of two heavy chains and two light chains, archaeal antibodies are composed of four identical subunits, each containing a variable region that is responsible for recognizing and binding to specific antigens.

Archaeal antibodies have attracted interest from researchers due to their unique properties and potential applications in various fields, including medicine and biotechnology. For example, they have been shown to be highly stable under extreme conditions, such as high temperatures and acidic or alkaline environments, making them potentially useful for use in harsh industrial or medical settings. Additionally, the study of archaeal antibodies has provided insights into the evolution of the immune system and the molecular mechanisms underlying antigen recognition and binding.

Methanomicrobiaceae is a family of archaea within the order Methanomicrobiales. These are obligate anaerobic, methanogenic microorganisms that are capable of producing methane as a metabolic byproduct. They are commonly found in environments such as wetlands, digestive tracts of animals, and sewage sludge. The cells are typically irregularly shaped cocci or rods. Methanomicrobiaceae species utilize hydrogen or formate as electron donors and carbon dioxide as an electron acceptor to reduce methane. Some members of this family can also use secondary alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol, as substrates for methanogenesis.

Archaeal antigens refer to molecules or structures on the surface of archaea that can stimulate an immune response in a host organism. Archaea are single-celled microorganisms that are distinct from bacteria and eukaryotes. They have unique cell wall components, such as pseudopeptidoglycan and surface layer proteins (S-layers), which can serve as antigens. Additionally, archaeal flagellins, the structural subunits of archaeal flagella, can also act as antigens. These antigens play a crucial role in the interaction between archaea and their hosts, including potential pathogenic interactions, as well as in the development of vaccines and immunotherapies against archaeal infections.

Methanobacteriales is an order of methanogenic archaea within the kingdom Euryarchaeota. These organisms are characterized by their ability to produce methane as a metabolic byproduct in anaerobic environments. They are commonly found in habitats such as wetlands, digestive tracts of animals, and sewage sludge. The cells of Methanobacteriales are typically rod-shaped and have a Gram-positive stain, although they lack a true cell wall. Some notable genera within this order include Methanobrevibacter, Methanothermobacter, and Methanosphaera.

Archaeal DNA refers to the genetic material present in archaea, a domain of single-celled microorganisms lacking a nucleus. Like bacteria, archaea have a single circular chromosome that contains their genetic information. However, archaeal DNA is significantly different from bacterial and eukaryotic DNA in terms of its structure and composition.

Archaeal DNA is characterized by the presence of unique modifications such as methylation patterns, which help distinguish it from other types of DNA. Additionally, archaea have a distinct set of genes involved in DNA replication, repair, and recombination, many of which are more similar to those found in eukaryotes than bacteria.

One notable feature of archaeal DNA is its resistance to environmental stressors such as extreme temperatures, pH levels, and salt concentrations. This allows archaea to thrive in some of the most inhospitable environments on Earth, including hydrothermal vents, acidic hot springs, and highly saline lakes.

Overall, the study of archaeal DNA has provided valuable insights into the evolutionary history of life on Earth and the unique adaptations that allow these organisms to survive in extreme conditions.

Sodium ionophores are substances that facilitate the transport of sodium ions (Na+) across biological membranes. Ionophores are molecules that can complex with ions and act as shuttles, carrying the ions through the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. Sodium ionophores specifically interact with sodium ions and help maintain electrochemical gradients, which are crucial for various physiological processes, including nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, and cell volume regulation. Some examples of sodium ionophores include gramicidin, monensin, and nigericin.

Archaea are a domain of single-celled microorganisms that lack membrane-bound nuclei and other organelles. They are characterized by the unique structure of their cell walls, membranes, and ribosomes. Archaea were originally classified as bacteria, but they differ from bacteria in several key ways, including their genetic material and metabolic processes.

Archaea can be found in a wide range of environments, including some of the most extreme habitats on Earth, such as hot springs, deep-sea vents, and highly saline lakes. Some species of Archaea are able to survive in the absence of oxygen, while others require oxygen to live.

Archaea play important roles in global nutrient cycles, including the nitrogen cycle and the carbon cycle. They are also being studied for their potential role in industrial processes, such as the production of biofuels and the treatment of wastewater.

The rumen is the largest compartment of the stomach in ruminant animals, such as cows, goats, and sheep. It is a specialized fermentation chamber where microbes break down tough plant material into nutrients that the animal can absorb and use for energy and growth. The rumen contains billions of microorganisms, including bacteria, protozoa, and fungi, which help to break down cellulose and other complex carbohydrates in the plant material through fermentation.

The rumen is characterized by its large size, muscular walls, and the presence of a thick mat of partially digested food and microbes called the rumen mat or cud. The animal regurgitates the rumen contents periodically to chew it again, which helps to break down the plant material further and mix it with saliva, creating a more favorable environment for fermentation.

The rumen plays an essential role in the digestion and nutrition of ruminant animals, allowing them to thrive on a diet of low-quality plant material that would be difficult for other animals to digest.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "geese" is not a medical term. It refers to various waterbirds constituting the family Anatidae and the genus Branta, characterized by a long neck, wide wings, and a honking call. They are not related to human health or medicine. If you have any medical concerns or questions, I'd be happy to help you with those!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Formates" is not a recognized term in medical terminology. It is possible that you may be referring to "formic acid" or "formate," which are terms used in chemistry and biochemistry. Formic acid is a colorless, pungent, and corrosive liquid with the chemical formula HCOOH. Its salts are called formates.

Formate is the anion (negatively charged ion) of formic acid, with the chemical formula HCOO-. Formate can be found in various biological systems and is involved in several metabolic processes. If you could provide more context or clarify your question, I would be happy to help further.

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes, which are complex structures inside cells where protein synthesis occurs. The "16S" refers to the sedimentation coefficient of the rRNA molecule, which is a measure of its size and shape. In particular, 16S rRNA is a component of the smaller subunit of the prokaryotic ribosome (found in bacteria and archaea), and is often used as a molecular marker for identifying and classifying these organisms due to its relative stability and conservation among species. The sequence of 16S rRNA can be compared across different species to determine their evolutionary relationships and taxonomic positions.

Fluid waste disposal in a medical context refers to the proper and safe management of liquid byproducts generated during medical procedures, patient care, or research. These fluids can include bodily excretions (such as urine, feces, or vomit), irrigation solutions, blood, or other biological fluids.

The process of fluid waste disposal involves several steps:

1. Collection: Fluid waste is collected in appropriate containers that are designed to prevent leakage and contamination.
2. Segregation: Different types of fluid waste may require separate collection and disposal methods based on their infectious or hazardous nature.
3. Treatment: Depending on the type and volume of fluid waste, various treatments can be applied, such as disinfection, sterilization, or chemical neutralization, to reduce the risk of infection or harm to the environment and personnel.
4. Disposal: Treated fluid waste is then disposed of according to local regulations, which may involve transporting it to a designated waste management facility for further processing or disposal in a safe and environmentally friendly manner (e.g., deep well injection, incineration, or landfilling).
5. Documentation and tracking: Proper records should be maintained to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements and to enable effective monitoring and auditing of the waste disposal process.

It is essential to handle fluid waste disposal carefully to minimize the risk of infection, protect the environment, and maintain regulatory compliance. Healthcare facilities must adhere to strict guidelines and regulations regarding fluid waste management to ensure the safety of patients, staff, and the community.

Ciliophora is a phylum in the taxonomic classification system that consists of unicellular organisms commonly known as ciliates. These are characterized by the presence of hair-like structures called cilia, which are attached to the cell surface and beat in a coordinated manner to facilitate movement and feeding. Ciliophora includes a diverse group of organisms, many of which are found in aquatic environments. Examples of ciliates include Paramecium, Tetrahymena, and Vorticella.

Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) refers to the specific regions of DNA in a cell that contain the genes for ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Ribosomes are complex structures composed of proteins and rRNA, which play a crucial role in protein synthesis by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins.

In humans, there are four types of rRNA molecules: 18S, 5.8S, 28S, and 5S. These rRNAs are encoded by multiple copies of rDNA genes that are organized in clusters on specific chromosomes. In humans, the majority of rDNA genes are located on the short arms of acrocentric chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21, and 22.

Each cluster of rDNA genes contains both transcribed and non-transcribed spacer regions. The transcribed regions contain the genes for the four types of rRNA, while the non-transcribed spacers contain regulatory elements that control the transcription of the rRNA genes.

The number of rDNA copies varies between species and even within individuals of the same species. The copy number can also change during development and in response to environmental factors. Variations in rDNA copy number have been associated with various diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "industrial waste" is not a term that has a medical definition. Industrial waste is a term used to describe waste produced by industrial activities, such as manufacturing, mining, and construction. It can include a wide variety of materials, including chemicals, metals, soil, and water. Proper management and disposal of industrial waste are important for protecting the environment and public health. If you have any questions related to healthcare or medical terminology, I'd be happy to try to help answer those!

I'm happy to help! However, I believe there might be a slight mistake in your question. "Archaeal" is not a term used to describe genes but rather a group of single-celled organisms that are classified as archaea.

Archaea are one of the three domains of life, along with bacteria and eukaryotes (which include plants, animals, and fungi). Archaea are unique because they share characteristics with both bacteria and eukaryotes, but they also have many features that are distinctly their own. For example, archaea have a different cell membrane structure than bacteria and eukaryotes, which allows them to thrive in extreme environments such as hot springs, salt mines, and deep-sea vents.

Genes, on the other hand, are segments of DNA that contain the instructions for making proteins or performing other important functions in an organism's cells. All living organisms, including archaea, have genes that are passed down from generation to generation. Archaeal genes are made up of the same four nucleotides (A, T, C, and G) as bacterial and eukaryotic genes, and they code for proteins and RNA molecules that are essential for the survival and reproduction of archaea.

So, to summarize, there is no specific definition for "Archaeal genes" because "archaeal" is not a term used to describe genes. However, we can say that archaeal genes are segments of DNA that contain the instructions for making proteins and performing other important functions in archaea.

A bioreactor is a device or system that supports and controls the conditions necessary for biological organisms, cells, or tissues to grow and perform their specific functions. It provides a controlled environment with appropriate temperature, pH, nutrients, and other factors required for the desired biological process to occur. Bioreactors are widely used in various fields such as biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and environmental science for applications like production of therapeutic proteins, vaccines, biofuels, enzymes, and wastewater treatment.

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract, also known as the digestive tract, is a continuous tube that starts at the mouth and ends at the anus. It is responsible for ingesting, digesting, absorbing, and excreting food and waste materials. The GI tract includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), large intestine (cecum, colon, rectum, anus), and accessory organs such as the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. The primary function of this system is to process and extract nutrients from food while also protecting the body from harmful substances, pathogens, and toxins.

Phylogeny is the evolutionary history and relationship among biological entities, such as species or genes, based on their shared characteristics. In other words, it refers to the branching pattern of evolution that shows how various organisms have descended from a common ancestor over time. Phylogenetic analysis involves constructing a tree-like diagram called a phylogenetic tree, which depicts the inferred evolutionary relationships among organisms or genes based on molecular sequence data or other types of characters. This information is crucial for understanding the diversity and distribution of life on Earth, as well as for studying the emergence and spread of diseases.

DNA Sequence Analysis is the systematic determination of the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule. It is a critical component of modern molecular biology, genetics, and genetic engineering. The process involves determining the exact order of the four nucleotide bases - adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T) - in a DNA molecule or fragment. This information is used in various applications such as identifying gene mutations, studying evolutionary relationships, developing molecular markers for breeding, and diagnosing genetic diseases.

The process of DNA Sequence Analysis typically involves several steps, including DNA extraction, PCR amplification (if necessary), purification, sequencing reaction, and electrophoresis. The resulting data is then analyzed using specialized software to determine the exact sequence of nucleotides.

In recent years, high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies have revolutionized the field of genomics, enabling the rapid and cost-effective sequencing of entire genomes. This has led to an explosion of genomic data and new insights into the genetic basis of many diseases and traits.

Biodiversity is the variety of different species of plants, animals, and microorganisms that live in an ecosystem. It also includes the variety of genes within a species and the variety of ecosystems (such as forests, grasslands, deserts, and oceans) that exist in a region or on Earth as a whole. Biodiversity is important for maintaining the health and balance of ecosystems, providing resources and services such as food, clean water, and pollination, and contributing to the discovery of new medicines and other useful products. The loss of biodiversity can have negative impacts on the functioning of ecosystems and the services they provide, and can threaten the survival of species and the livelihoods of people who depend on them.

Feces are the solid or semisolid remains of food that could not be digested or absorbed in the small intestine, along with bacteria and other waste products. After being stored in the colon, feces are eliminated from the body through the rectum and anus during defecation. Feces can vary in color, consistency, and odor depending on a person's diet, health status, and other factors.

... is a genus of archaeans in the family Methanobacteriaceae. The species within Methanobrevibacter are ... The name Methanobrevibacter has Latin and Greek roots. Methanum is Latin for methane, brevi is Latin for short, and bacter is ... List of Archaea genera See the NCBI webpage on Methanobrevibacter. Data extracted from the "NCBI taxonomy resources". National ... "Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences of genus Methanobrevibacter". BMC Microbiol. 4: 20. doi:10.1186/1471-2180-4-20. PMC ...
LPSN "Methanobrevibacter oralis" at the Encyclopedia of Life Type strain of Methanobrevibacter oralis at BacDive - the ... Methanobrevibacter oralis is a species of coccobacillary, non-motile, Gram-positive, methane-producing archaeon. Ferrari, ... Khelaifia, S.; Garibal, M.; Robert, C.; Raoult, D.; Drancourt, M. (2014). "Draft Genome Sequencing of Methanobrevibacter oralis ... "Serum antibody response to group II chaperonin from Methanobrevibacter oralis and human chaperonin CCT". Pathogens and Disease ...
nov., Methanobrevibacter thaueri sp. nov., Methanobrevibacter woesei sp. nov. and Methanobrevibacter wolinii sp. nov". ... LPSN "Methanobrevibacter wolinii" at the Encyclopedia of Life v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is ... Methanobrevibacter wolinii is a species of methanogen archaeon, named after Meyer J. Wolin. Coccobacillus with slightly tapered ... Miller, T. L. (2002). "Description of Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii sp. ...
LPSN "Methanobrevibacter curvatus" at the Encyclopedia of Life Type strain of Methanobrevibacter curvatus at BacDive - the ... Methanobrevibacter curvatus is a species of methanogen archaeon. It was first isolated from the hindgut of the termite ... and Methanobrevibacter curvatus sp. nov., isolated from the hindgut of the termite Reticulitermes flavipes". Applied and ... Leadbetter JR; Breznak JA (October 1996). "Physiological ecology of Methanobrevibacter cuticularis sp. nov. ...
nov., Methanobrevibacter thaueri sp. nov., Methanobrevibacter woesei sp. nov. and Methanobrevibacter wolinii sp. nov". ... LPSN "Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii" at the Encyclopedia of Life Type strain of Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii at BacDive - ... Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii is a species of methanogen archaeon, named after Gerhard Gottschalk. It is a coccobacillus with ... Miller, T. L. (2002). "Description of Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii sp. ...
nov., Methanobrevibacter thaueri sp. nov., Methanobrevibacter woesei sp. nov. and Methanobrevibacter wolinii sp. nov". ... LPSN "Methanobrevibacter woesei" at the Encyclopedia of Life Type strain of Methanobrevibacter woesei at BacDive - the ... Methanobrevibacter woesei is a species of methanogen archaeon, named after Carl R. Woese. Coccobacillus with slightly tapered ... Miller, T. L. (2002). "Description of Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii sp. ...
LPSN "Methanobrevibacter filiformis" at the Encyclopedia of Life Type strain of Methanobrevibacter filiformis at BacDive - the ... Methanobrevibacter filiformis is a species of methanogen archaeon. It was first isolated from the hindgut of the termite ... Leadbetter JR; Crosby LD; Breznak JA (April 1998). "Methanobrevibacter filiformis sp. nov., A filamentous methanogen from ...
nov., Methanobrevibacter thaueri sp. nov., Methanobrevibacter woesei sp. nov. and Methanobrevibacter wolinii sp. nov". ... LPSN "Methanobrevibacter thaueri" at the Encyclopedia of Life Type strain of Methanobrevibacter thaueri at BacDive - the ... Methanobrevibacter thaueri is a species of methanogen archaeon, named after Rolf K. Thauer. Coccobacillus with slightly tapered ... Miller, T. L. (2002). "Description of Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii sp. ...
LPSN "Methanobrevibacter cuticularis" at the Encyclopedia of Life Type strain of Methanobrevibacter cuticularis at BacDive - ... Methanobrevibacter cuticularis is a species of methanogen archaeon. It was first isolated from the hindgut of the termite ... and Methanobrevibacter curvatus sp. nov., isolated from the hindgut of the termite Reticulitermes flavipes". Applied and ... Tholen, Anne; Pester, Michael; Brune, Andreas (2007). "Simultaneous methanogenesis and oxygen reduction by Methanobrevibacter ...
Methanogens Photo Gallery-Methanobrevibacter smithii LSPN page for Methanobrevibacter Samuel BS; Hansen EE; Manchester JK; ... Type strain of Methanobrevibacter smithii at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Methanobrevibacter - What we know ... Methanobrevibacter smithii is the predominant archaeon in the microbiota of the human gut. M. smithii has a coccobacillus shape ... Methanobrevibacter smithii is also found in dental plaque and in the vagina (with vaginosis). The human gut microbiota consists ...
nov., Methanobrevibacter thaueri sp. nov., Methanobrevibacter woesei sp. nov. and Methanobrevibacter wolinii sp. nov." ... Methanobrevibacter thaueri was also named after Thauer. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2018. "Prof. Dr ... ISBN 978-0-387-24145-6. Miller, Terry L; Lin, Chuzhao (1 May 2002). "Description of Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii sp. ...
nov., Methanobrevibacter thaueri sp. nov., Methanobrevibacter woesei sp. nov. And Methanobrevibacter wolinii sp. nov". ... Many microbial species, such as Pyrococcus woesei, Methanobrevibacter woesei, and Conexibacter woesei, are named in his honor. ... doi:10.1016/S0723-2020(87)80057-7. Miller, T. L. (2002). "Description of Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii sp. ...
and Methanobrevibacter curvatus sp. nov., isolated from the hindgut of the termite Reticulitermes flavipes". Applied and ... Archaea isolated from the R. flavipes hindgut include the H2- and CO2-utilizing methanogens Methanobrevibacter cuticularis and ... Leadbetter, JR; Breznak, JA (October 1996). "Physiological ecology of Methanobrevibacter cuticularis sp. nov. ...
Miller TL; Wolin MJ; de Macario EC; Macario AJ (1982). "Isolation of Methanobrevibacter smithii from human feces". Appl Environ ...
Miller TL; Wolin MJ; de Macario EC; Macario AJ (1982). "Isolation of Methanobrevibacter smithii from human faeces". Applied and ... Methanobrevibacter smithii) that inhabit the digestive tract. These oligosaccharides pass through the small intestine largely ...
June 2007). "Genomic and metabolic adaptations of Methanobrevibacter smithii to the human gut". Proceedings of the National ... March 2011). "Pan-genome of the dominant human gut-associated archaeon, Methanobrevibacter smithii, studied in twins". ... January 2010). "The genome sequence of the rumen methanogen Methanobrevibacter ruminantium reveals new possibilities for ...
"Genomic and metabolic adaptations of Methanobrevibacter smithii to the human gut". Proceedings of the National Academy of ...
"The Intestinal Archaea Methanosphaera stadtmanae and Methanobrevibacter smithii Activate Human Dendritic Cells". PLOS ONE. 9 (6 ...
The dominant group are the methanogens, particularly Methanobrevibacter smithii and Methanosphaera stadtmanae. However, ...
"The Intestinal Archaea Methanosphaera stadtmanae and Methanobrevibacter smithii Activate Human Dendritic Cells". PLOS ONE. 9 (6 ...
Nevertheless, for historical reasons, two archaeal species finish in -bacter: Methanobrevibacter and Methanothermobacter. ...
Genera that were shown to catalyze this reaction are Methanobacterium, Methanobrevibacter, and Methanothermobacter (thermophile ...
In reality, the methanobrevibacter smithii is an archaeon found in human guts which helps decompose refined sugars.) A running ... A side effect of his flatulence is the buildup of Methanobrevibacter smithii archaea, which prevents aeroembolism. ( ...
Traore, S.I.; Khelaifia, S.; Armstrong, N.; Lagier, J.C.; Raoult, D. (2019). "Isolation and culture of Methanobrevibacter ... such as Finegoldia magna or the methanogenic archaea Methanobrevibacter smithii) can be grown in aerobic atmosphere if the ...
Its third option is to donate these terminal electrons to a methanogen such as Methanobrevibacter smithii by utilizing hydrogen ... Krumholz and Bryant found that S. sucromutans grew best in a coculture with fructose, formate, and Methanobrevibacter smithii. ... uses carbohydrates as electron donors and formate, methoxymonobenzenoids or Methanobrevibacter as electron acceptor systems". ...
"An adhesin from hydrogen-utilizing rumen methanogen Methanobrevibacter ruminantium M1 binds a broad range of hydrogen-producing ...
Some genera under these orders are: Methanobacterium Methanobrevibacter Methanothermobacter Methanothermus Methanosphaera ...
The archaeon Methanobrevibacter smithii, has been associated with symptoms of SIBO which result in a positive methane breath ...
Methanobrevibacter, and Desulfobulbus. Historic calculus samples have less metabolite profile diversity (amino acids, ...
2000 Family Methanobacteriaceae Barker 1956 Methanobacterium Kluyver & van Niel 1936 Methanobrevibacter Balch & Wolfe 1981 ...
Methanobrevibacter is a genus of archaeans in the family Methanobacteriaceae. The species within Methanobrevibacter are ... The name Methanobrevibacter has Latin and Greek roots. Methanum is Latin for methane, brevi is Latin for short, and bacter is ... List of Archaea genera See the NCBI webpage on Methanobrevibacter. Data extracted from the "NCBI taxonomy resources". National ... "Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences of genus Methanobrevibacter". BMC Microbiol. 4: 20. doi:10.1186/1471-2180-4-20. PMC ...
Known occurrences, collected specimens and observations of Methanobrevibacter. View this species on GBIF ...
Methanobrevibacter wolinii Depositors. DR Boone, TL Miller Chain of custody. D R Boone <-- Oregon Collection of Methanogens ... To download a certificate of analysis for Methanobrevibacter wolinii (BAA-1170), enter the lot number exactly as it appears on ... To download a certificate of origin for Methanobrevibacter wolinii (BAA-1170), enter the lot number exactly as it appears on ... The certificate of analysis for that lot of Methanobrevibacter wolinii (BAA-1170) is not currently available online. Complete ...
Methanobrevibacter species Methanobrevibacter filiformis Name. Homonyms. Methanobrevibacter filiformis Leadbetter et al., 1998 ... Methanobrevibacter filiformis Leadbetter et al., 1998 Dataset GBIF Backbone Taxonomy Rank SPECIES Published in Int. J. Syst. ...
Base of the evolutionary tree for Methanobrevibacter smithii DSM 2375. ← parent Species Methanobrevibacter smithii DSM 2375 ...
Children Living near a Sanitary Landfill Have Increased Breath Methane and Methanobrevibacter smithii in Their Intestinal ...
Methanobrevibacter arboriphilicus. Parent. Methanobrevibacter Taxonomic status. Misspelling. Correct name. Methanobrevibacter ... Methanobrevibacter arboriphilicus Citation. Formal styling. Methanobrevibacter arboriphilicus (Zeikus and Henning 1975) Balch ... Methanobrevibacter arboriphilicus (Zeikus & Henning, 1975) Balch & Wolfe, 1981 (Archaea) * Methanobrevibacter arboriphilicus ( ...
A free silhouette image of Methanobrevibacter ruminantium (License: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication). ...
Methanobrevibacter cuticularis Leadbetter and Breznak 1997 DSM No.: 11139, Type strain dsm-11139 dsm11139 dsm 11139 ...
The transcriptome response of the ruminal methanogen Methanobrevibacter ruminantium strain M1 to the inhibitor lauric acid. ... The transcriptome response of the ruminal methanogen Methanobrevibacter ruminantium strain M1 to the inhibitor lauric acid ... fatty acid that inhibits growth and production of the greenhouse gas methane by rumen methanogens such as Methanobrevibacter ...
Four uncultured Methanobrevibacter strains showed negative rgCH4 (,−0.72, P0 ≥ 0.95) and one was positive (0.91, P0 = 0.99), ... 55 to 62) than the other 4 uncultured Methanobrevibacter sp. RUGs with negative rgCH4; lacking, for example, argD in arginine ... We identified 2 microbial genera (Eubacterium and Blautia), 3 RUGs (two annotated as uncultured Methanobrevibacter sp. and one ... We hypothesize that some Methanobrevibacter sp. can produce CH4 even under a challenging ruminal environment (e.g. low pH value ...
Methanobrevibacter smithii - the dominant archaeon (single-celled microorganism) in the gastrointestinal tract; it causes the ...
The germ in question, Methanobrevibacter oralis, is linked to gum disease. The scientists detailed their findings Wednesday in ... versions of this microbe found in Neanderthals and modern humans suggests that both lineages were exchanging Methanobrevibacter ...
The prokaryotic primer pair PrkV4 was characterized by Methanobrevibacter and Methanomassiliicoccus sequences. No particularly ...
3-NOP reduced the abundance of Methanobrevibacter species, which make methane from carbon dioxide. To a lesser extent, it also ...
An adhesin from hydrogen-utilizing rumen methanogen Methanobrevibacter ruminantium M1 binds a broad range of hydrogen-producing ...
... gut microbiota is enriched in Lactobacillus reuteri and depleted in Bifidobacterium animalis and Methanobrevibacter smithii. ...
Sponsor Methanobrevibacter smithii DSM 11975 on the OneZoom Tree of Life. You can sponsor this leaf for yourself or as a unique ... We will acknowledge your donation to the OneZoom charity by displaying your chosen sponsors name on Methanobrevibacter smithii ...
Fermentation of cellulose to methane and carbon dioxide by a rumen anaerobic fungus in a triculture with Methanobrevibacter sp ...
Serum antibody response to group II chaperonin from Methanobrevibacter oralis and human chaperonin CCT.. Authors - Hirai Kimito ...
2011). A1Ao-ATP synthase of Methanobrevibacter ruminantium couples sodium ions for ATP synthesis under physiological conditions ...
... and the third was an archaean called Methanobrevibacter smithii. The pair created mice lacking any gut microbes and then gave ...
Christensenellaceae sp, Bacteroidales sp, Family XIII sp, Methanobrevibacter oralis, Peptostreptococcus canis, and Tannerella ...
Christensenellaceae sp, Bacteroidales sp, Family XIII sp, Methanobrevibacter oralis, Peptostreptococcus canis, and Tannerella ...
Bang C, Weidenbach K, Gutsmann T, Heine H, Schmitz RA.The Intestinal Archaea Methanosphaera stadtmanae and Methanobrevibacter ...
The largest BatchShelf effect was observed for Methanobrevibacter. ...
By comparing the 48,000-year-old genome of the microbe Methanobrevibacter oralis to its genome today, the researchers were able ...
Methanobrevibacter Smithii. Methanobrevibacter smithii is a methane-producing archaebacteria that lives in the human gut. This ...
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  • We will acknowledge your donation to the OneZoom charity by displaying your chosen sponsor's name on Methanobrevibacter smithii DSM 11975 . (onezoom.org)
  • Two were bacteria, Desulfovibrio piger and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, and the third was an archaean called Methanobrevibacter smithii. (vetscite.org)
  • Dr. Rahbar talked about how Methanobrevibacter smithii is the major methane producer in cases of SIBO and that there is some association between methanogens and colon cancer, polyposis, ulcerative colitis, and diverticular disease. (drweitz.com)
  • Lauric acid (C12) is a medium-chain fatty acid that inhibits growth and production of the greenhouse gas methane by rumen methanogens such as Methanobrevibacter ruminantium. (altmetric.com)
  • Methanobrevibacter is a genus of archaeans in the family Methanobacteriaceae. (wikipedia.org)
  • The species within Methanobrevibacter are strictly anaerobic archaea that produce methane, for the most part through the reduction of carbon dioxide via hydrogen. (wikipedia.org)
  • List of Archaea genera See the NCBI webpage on Methanobrevibacter. (wikipedia.org)
  • The germ in question, Methanobrevibacter oralis , is linked to gum disease. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Analysis of versions of this microbe found in Neanderthals and modern humans suggests that both lineages were exchanging Methanobrevibacter oralis as late as roughly 126,000 years ago. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Christensenellaceae sp, Bacteroidales sp, Family XIII sp, Methanobrevibacter oralis , Peptostreptococcus canis , and Tannerella sp formed a unique core microbiome in dogs with severe periodontal disease. (avma.org)
  • Methanobrevibacter filiformis Leadbetter et al. (gbif.org)
  • Methanobacterium, Methanomicrobium, Methanobrevibacter. (biotrick.com)
  • At the same time, the Christensenellaceae/Methanobrevibacter/Oscillibacter trophic network, which is positively associated with α-diversity and a healthy BMI, decreased in younger Turks and Dutch. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is negatively correlated with species richness, positively associated to the Bacteroidetes:Firmicutes ratio, and linked to Akkermansia and Methanobrevibacter abundance. (bmj.com)
  • Hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was also observed and was linked to Methanobrevibacter . (frontis-energy.com)
  • Methanobrevibacter is a genus of archaeans in the family Methanobacteriaceae. (wikipedia.org)
  • The new research also added the genus Methanobrevibacter to Type 3. (digbihealth.com)