A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)
A subtype of migraine disorder, characterized by recurrent attacks of reversible neurological symptoms (aura) that precede or accompany the headache. Aura may include a combination of sensory disturbances, such as blurred VISION; HALLUCINATIONS; VERTIGO; NUMBNESS; and difficulty in concentrating and speaking. Aura is usually followed by features of the COMMON MIGRAINE, such as PHOTOPHOBIA; PHONOPHOBIA; and NAUSEA. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)
Recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches, not preceded or accompanied by an aura, in attacks lasting 4-72 hours. It is characterized by PAIN of moderate to severe intensity; aggravated by physical activity; and associated with NAUSEA and / or PHOTOPHOBIA and PHONOPHOBIA. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)
A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.
Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.
Decarboxylated monoamine derivatives of TRYPTOPHAN.
Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.
Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.
The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.
Various conditions with the symptom of HEADACHE. Headache disorders are classified into major groups, such as PRIMARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on characteristics of their headache symptoms) and SECONDARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (based on their etiologies). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)
A common primary headache disorder, characterized by a dull, non-pulsatile, diffuse, band-like (or vice-like) PAIN of mild to moderate intensity in the HEAD; SCALP; or NECK. The subtypes are classified by frequency and severity of symptoms. There is no clear cause even though it has been associated with MUSCLE CONTRACTION and stress. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)
A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.
Categorical classification of MENTAL DISORDERS based on criteria sets with defining features. It is produced by the American Psychiatric Association. (DSM-IV, page xxii)
Abnormal sensitivity to light. This may occur as a manifestation of EYE DISEASES; MIGRAINE; SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE; MENINGITIS; and other disorders. Photophobia may also occur in association with DEPRESSION and other MENTAL DISORDERS.
Marked depression appearing in the involution period and characterized by hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, and agitation.
An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.
The decrease in neuronal activity (related to a decrease in metabolic demand) extending from the site of cortical stimulation. It is believed to be responsible for the decrease in cerebral blood flow that accompanies the aura of MIGRAINE WITH AURA. (Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary, 8th ed.)
A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)
A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.
An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension.
A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month. There are various forms of post-traumatic stress disorder, depending on the time of onset and the duration of these stress symptoms. In the acute form, the duration of the symptoms is between 1 to 3 months. In the chronic form, symptoms last more than 3 months. With delayed onset, symptoms develop more than 6 months after the traumatic event.
A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.
A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)
Anxiety disorders in which the essential feature is persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that the individual feels compelled to avoid. The individual recognizes the fear as excessive or unreasonable.
Disorders related to substance abuse.
Serotonin antagonist used against MIGRAINE DISORDERS and vascular headaches.
Endogenous compounds and drugs that bind to and activate SEROTONIN RECEPTORS. Many serotonin receptor agonists are used as ANTIDEPRESSANTS; ANXIOLYTICS; and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.
The presence of co-existing or additional diseases with reference to an initial diagnosis or with reference to the index condition that is the subject of study. Comorbidity may affect the ability of affected individuals to function and also their survival; it may be used as a prognostic indicator for length of hospital stay, cost factors, and outcome or survival.
Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements.
Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)
Conditions in which the primary symptom is HEADACHE and the headache cannot be attributed to any known causes.
The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.
Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS.
A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated. These behaviors include aggressive conduct that causes or threatens physical harm to other people or animals, nonaggressive conduct that causes property loss or damage, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of rules. The onset is before age 18. (From DSM-IV, 1994)
Standardized procedures utilizing rating scales or interview schedules carried out by health personnel for evaluating the degree of mental illness.
Conditions with HEADACHE symptom that can be attributed to a variety of causes including BRAIN VASCULAR DISORDERS; WOUNDS AND INJURIES; INFECTION; drug use or its withdrawal.
Disorders characterized by recurrent TICS that may interfere with speech and other activities. Tics are sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations which may be exacerbated by stress and are generally attenuated during absorbing activities. Tic disorders are distinguished from conditions which feature other types of abnormal movements that may accompany another another condition. (From DSM-IV, 1994)
Conditions characterized by disturbances of usual sleep patterns or behaviors. Sleep disorders may be divided into three major categories: DYSSOMNIAS (i.e. disorders characterized by insomnia or hypersomnia), PARASOMNIAS (abnormal sleep behaviors), and sleep disorders secondary to medical or psychiatric disorders. (From Thorpy, Sleep Disorders Medicine, 1994, p187)
Childhood-onset of recurrent headaches with an oculomotor cranial nerve palsy. Typically, ABDUCENS NERVE; OCULOMOTOR NERVE; and TROCHLEAR NERVE are involved with DIPLOPIA and BLEPHAROPTOSIS.
Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.
Disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.
Disorders having the presence of physical symptoms that suggest a general medical condition but that are not fully explained by a another medical condition, by the direct effects of a substance, or by another mental disorder. The symptoms must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. In contrast to FACTITIOUS DISORDERS and MALINGERING, the physical symptoms are not under voluntary control. (APA, DSM-V)
Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.
An abnormally disproportionate increase in the sensation of loudness in response to auditory stimuli of normal volume. COCHLEAR DISEASES; VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; FACIAL NERVE DISEASES; STAPES SURGERY; and other disorders may be associated with this condition.
A personality disorder marked by a pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts. (DSM-IV)
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

Functional consequences of mutations in the human alpha1A calcium channel subunit linked to familial hemiplegic migraine. (1/1420)

Mutations in alpha1A, the pore-forming subunit of P/Q-type calcium channels, are linked to several human diseases, including familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM). We introduced the four missense mutations linked to FHM into human alpha1A-2 subunits and investigated their functional consequences after expression in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. By combining single-channel and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, we show that all four mutations affect both the biophysical properties and the density of functional channels. Mutation R192Q in the S4 segment of domain I increased the density of functional P/Q-type channels and their open probability. Mutation T666M in the pore loop of domain II decreased both the density of functional channels and their unitary conductance (from 20 to 11 pS). Mutations V714A and I1815L in the S6 segments of domains II and IV shifted the voltage range of activation toward more negative voltages, increased both the open probability and the rate of recovery from inactivation, and decreased the density of functional channels. Mutation V714A decreased the single-channel conductance to 16 pS. Strikingly, the reduction in single-channel conductance induced by mutations T666M and V714A was not observed in some patches or periods of activity, suggesting that the abnormal channel may switch on and off, perhaps depending on some unknown factor. Our data show that the FHM mutations can lead to both gain- and loss-of-function of human P/Q-type calcium channels.  (+info)

The trigeminovascular system in humans: pathophysiologic implications for primary headache syndromes of the neural influences on the cerebral circulation. (2/1420)

Primary headache syndromes, such as cluster headache and migraine, are widely described as vascular headaches, although considerable clinical evidence suggests that both are primarily driven from the brain. The shared anatomical and physiologic substrate for both of these clinical problems is the neural innervation of the cranial circulation. Functional imaging with positron emission tomography has shed light on the genesis of both syndromes, documenting activation in the midbrain and pons in migraine and in the hypothalamic gray in cluster headache. These areas are involved in the pain process in a permissive or triggering manner rather than as a response to first-division nociceptive pain impulses. In a positron emission tomography study in cluster headache, however, activation in the region of the major basal arteries was observed. This is likely to result from vasodilation of these vessels during the acute pain attack as opposed to the rest state in cluster headache, and represents the first convincing activation of neural vasodilator mechanisms in humans. The observation of vasodilation was also made in an experimental trigeminal pain study, which concluded that the observed dilation of these vessels in trigeminal pain is not inherent to a specific headache syndrome, but rather is a feature of the trigeminal neural innervation of the cranial circulation. Clinical and animal data suggest that the observed vasodilation is, in part, an effect of a trigeminoparasympathetic reflex. The data presented here review these developments in the physiology of the trigeminovascular system, which demand renewed consideration of the neural influences at work in many primary headaches and, thus, further consideration of the physiology of the neural innervation of the cranial circulation. We take the view that the known physiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms of the systems involved dictate that these disorders should be collectively regarded as neurovascular headaches to emphasize the interaction between nerves and vessels, which is the underlying characteristic of these syndromes. Moreover, the syndromes can be understood only by a detailed study of the cerebrovascular physiologic mechanisms that underpin their expression.  (+info)

Computerised axial tomography in patients with severe migraine: a preliminary report. (3/1420)

Patients suffering from severe migraine, usually for many years, have been examined by the EMI scanner between attacks. Judged by criteria validated originally by comparison with pneumoencephalography, about half of the patients showed evidence of cerebral atrophy. Perhaps of more significance than generalised atrophy was the frequency of areas of focal atrophy and of evidence of infarction.  (+info)

Cardiovascular and neuronal responses to head stimulation reflect central sensitization and cutaneous allodynia in a rat model of migraine. (4/1420)

Reduction of the threshold of cardiovascular and neuronal responses to facial and intracranial stimulation reflects central sensitization and cutaneous allodynia in a rat model of migraine. Current theories propose that migraine pain is caused by chemical activation of meningeal perivascular fibers. We previously found that chemical irritation of the dura causes trigeminovascular fibers innervating the dura and central trigeminal neurons receiving convergent input from the dura and skin to respond to low-intensity mechanical and thermal stimuli that previously induced minimal or no responses. One conclusion of these studies was that when low- and high-intensity stimuli induce responses of similar magnitude in nociceptive neurons, low-intensity stimuli must be as painful as the high-intensity stimuli. The present study investigates in anesthetized rats the significance of the changes in the responses of central trigeminal neurons (i.e., in nucleus caudalis) by correlating them with the occurrence and type of the simultaneously recorded cardiovascular responses. Before chemical stimulation of the dura, simultaneous increases in neuronal firing rates and blood pressure were induced by dural indentation with forces >/= 2.35 g and by noxious cutaneous stimuli such as pinching the skin and warming > 46 degrees C. After chemical stimulation, similar neuronal responses and blood pressure increases were evoked by much smaller forces for dural indentation and by innocuous cutaneous stimuli such as brushing the skin and warming it to >/= 43 degrees C. The onsets of neuronal responses preceded the onsets of depressor responses by 1.7 s and pressor responses by 4.0 s. The duration of neuronal responses was 15 s, whereas the duration of depressor responses was shorter (5.8 s) and pressor responses longer (22.7 s) than the neuronal responses. We conclude that the facilitated cardiovascular and central trigeminal neuronal responses to innocuous stimulation of the skin indicate that when dural stimulation induces central sensitization, innocuous stimuli are as nociceptive as noxious stimuli had been before dural stimulation and that a similar process might occur during the development of cutaneous allodynia during migraine.  (+info)

Cost-effectiveness of sumatriptan in a managed care population. (5/1420)

We conducted an open-labeled study to determine whether sumatriptan is more cost-effective than other therapies used to treat migraine headache. We contacted by phone 220 sumatriptan users enrolled in QualMed, a health maintenance organization (HMO) in Spokane, Washington. Of these, 203 met the inclusion criteria and 164 (81%) completed our telephone survey. The main outcome measures were healthcare costs to the HMO and number of days free of migraine-related disability before and after sumatriptan treatment. Before sumatriptan treatment, 89% of patients reported severe migraine, compared with 63% after sumatriptan treatment. The number of monthly migraine disability days decreased from 6.5 days per month before sumatriptan to 3.9 days per month after sumatriptan. Healthcare utilization rates (ie, number of hospitalizations, emergency department visits) and costs were lower after the patients began taking sumatriptan. The number of different over-the-counter medicines and prescription medications (other than sumatriptan) taken for migraine disabilities decreased. Although total drug expenditures per month increased, the total migraine healthcare expenditure was 41% lower after sumatriptan was initiated. The cost-effectiveness ratio was 47% more favorable after patients started taking sumatriptan. Overall, patients reported fewer migraine-related disabilities, had lower migraine severity scores, and used fewer healthcare resources when taking sumatriptan. These changes resulted in a better cost-effectiveness ratio for migraine treatment.  (+info)

Migraine: a problem for employers and managed care plans. (6/1420)

Headache is probably the most common symptom in the workforce and in the general population. Among the many types of headache, the one with perhaps the greatest impact on well-being and functional capacity is migraine. It disrupts work and leisure activities and engenders significant use of healthcare resources. Migraine cannot be cured, but it can usually be managed. Managed care organizations can facilitate the treatment of migraine through disease management programs. Unfortunately, however, many migraineurs receive substandard, ineffectual, and inappropriate care--or no care at all. This article reviews the diagnosis, epidemiology, and treatment of migraine, with an emphasis on the perspectives of employers and managed care plans, with the hope of encouraging them to become more proactive in dealing with individuals with migraine.  (+info)

Cost of migraine management: a pharmacoeconomic overview. (7/1420)

Migraine is a chronic, sometimes debilitating, condition that tends to afflict young people who are otherwise healthy and productive. Because diagnostic criteria and effective treatment modalities have not been well taught to physicians, the condition is often undiagnosed, misdiagnosed, and mismanaged, causing unnecessary pain, hardship to the individual, disability, loss of productivity, and increased expense to the healthcare system. This paper discusses a rational approach to the behavioral and pharmacologic treatment of migraine, highlighting the relative costs of preventive and acute care therapies. Several cases are presented to illustrate how the costs of inefficiently managed migraine therapy can be decreased even by using medications that have a higher per-dose cost, as they decrease the pain and disability and actually lower the total cost of managing the patient with migraine.  (+info)

The inhibition of nicotine-evoked relaxation of the guinea-pig isolated basilar artery by some analgesic drugs and progesterone. (8/1420)

1. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of nicotine-evoked relaxation of the guinea-pig isolated basilar artery and to study the effects of drugs associated with the aetiology or treatment of migraine on the nicotine response. 2. The guinea-pig isolated basilar artery, pre-contracted with prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha), in the presence of atropine (3 microM) and guanethidine (3 microM), relaxed on addition of nicotine (0.1 mM) in approximately 50% of preparations. The responses to nicotine were of short duration and blocked in preparations pre-treated for 10 min with capsaicin (1 microM) and are therefore probably a consequence of the stimulation of trigeminal C fibre terminals. 3. Responses to nicotine were reduced in the presence of 5-carboxamidotryptamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and sumatriptan in that order of potency. This is consistent with a 5-HT1 receptor mechanism. These agonists evoked small additional contractions in vessels pre-contracted with PGF2alpha. 4. Indomethacin (0.3-10 microM), aspirin (10-30 microM), and nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 0.1 mM) reduced nicotine-evoked relaxation of the basilar artery, suggesting the involvement of both nitric oxide and cyclo-oxygenase products in this response. 5. Progesterone (1 microM) markedly reduced the response to nicotine, a possible reflection of the ion channel blocking activity of high concentrations of this compound. 6. The guinea-pig basilar artery is a preparation in which the effects of drugs on responses to stimulation of trigeminal nerve terminals can be studied in vitro and may thus be of interest in assessing the actions of drugs used in treatment of headache.  (+info)

A migraine disorder is a neurological condition characterized by recurrent headaches that often involve one side of the head and are accompanied by various symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light and sound, and visual disturbances. Migraines can last from several hours to days and can be severely debilitating. The exact cause of migraines is not fully understood, but they are believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors that affect the brain and blood vessels. There are different types of migraines, including migraine without aura, migraine with aura, chronic migraine, and others, each with its own specific set of symptoms and diagnostic criteria. Treatment typically involves a combination of lifestyle changes, medications, and behavioral therapies to manage symptoms and prevent future attacks.

"Migraine with Aura" is a neurological condition that is formally defined by the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) as follows:

"An migraine attack with focal neurological symptoms that usually develop gradually over 5 to 20 minutes and last for less than 60 minutes. Motor weakness is not a feature of the aura."

The symptoms of an aura may include visual disturbances such as flickering lights, zigzag lines, or blind spots; sensory disturbances such as tingling or numbness in the face, arms, or legs; and speech or language difficulties. These symptoms are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain and typically precede or accompany a migraine headache, although they can also occur without a headache.

It's important to note that not all people who experience migraines will have an aura, and some people may have an aura without a headache. If you are experiencing symptoms of a migraine with aura or any other type of headache, it is recommended that you consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

"Migraine without Aura," also known as "Common Migraine," is defined by the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) as follows:

"Headaches fulfilling criteria C and D:

C. At least five attacks fulfilling criterion B

B. Headache lasting 4-72 hours (untreated or unsuccessfully treated)

1. a) Has at least two of the following characteristics:
b) One-sided location
c) Pulsating quality
d) Moderate or severe pain intensity
e) Aggravation by or causing avoidance of routine physical activity (e.g., walking or climbing stairs)

D. During headache at least one of the following:

1. a) Nausea and/or vomiting
2. b) Photophobia and phonophobia"

In simpler terms, Migraine without Aura is a recurring headache disorder characterized by moderate to severe headaches that typically occur on one side of the head, have a pulsating quality, and are aggravated by physical activity. The headaches last between 4 and 72 hours if not treated or if treatment is unsuccessful. Additionally, during the headache, at least one of the following symptoms must be present: nausea/vomiting, sensitivity to light (photophobia), or sensitivity to sound (phonophobia).

Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). When you become depressed, you may feel sad or hopeless and lose interest or pleasure in most activities. When your mood shifts to mania or hypomania (a less severe form of mania), you may feel euphoric, full of energy, or unusually irritable. These mood swings can significantly affect your job, school, relationships, and overall quality of life.

Bipolar disorder is typically characterized by the presence of one or more manic or hypomanic episodes, often accompanied by depressive episodes. The episodes may be separated by periods of normal mood, but in some cases, a person may experience rapid cycling between mania and depression.

There are several types of bipolar disorder, including:

* Bipolar I Disorder: This type is characterized by the occurrence of at least one manic episode, which may be preceded or followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes.
* Bipolar II Disorder: This type involves the presence of at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode, but no manic episodes.
* Cyclothymic Disorder: This type is characterized by numerous periods of hypomania and depression that are not severe enough to meet the criteria for a full manic or depressive episode.
* Other Specified and Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorders: These categories include bipolar disorders that do not fit the criteria for any of the other types.

The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown, but it appears to be related to a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurochemical factors. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes to help manage symptoms and prevent relapses.

A mental disorder is a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior. It's associated with distress and/or impaired functioning in social, occupational, or other important areas of life, often leading to a decrease in quality of life. These disorders are typically persistent and can be severe and disabling. They may be related to factors such as genetics, early childhood experiences, or trauma. Examples include depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and personality disorders. It's important to note that a diagnosis should be made by a qualified mental health professional.

Tryptamines are a class of organic compounds that contain a tryptamine skeleton, which is a combination of an indole ring and a ethylamine side chain. They are commonly found in nature and can be synthesized in the lab. Some tryptamines have psychedelic properties and are used as recreational drugs, such as dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and psilocybin. Others have important roles in the human body, such as serotonin, which is a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, appetite, and sleep. Tryptamines can also be found in some plants and animals, including certain species of mushrooms, toads, and catnip.

Mood disorders are a category of mental health disorders characterized by significant and persistent changes in mood, affect, and emotional state. These disorders can cause disturbances in normal functioning and significantly impair an individual's ability to carry out their daily activities. The two primary types of mood disorders are depressive disorders (such as major depressive disorder or persistent depressive disorder) and bipolar disorders (which include bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, and cyclothymic disorder).

Depressive disorders involve prolonged periods of low mood, sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in activities. Individuals with these disorders may also experience changes in sleep patterns, appetite, energy levels, concentration, and self-esteem. In severe cases, they might have thoughts of death or suicide.

Bipolar disorders involve alternating episodes of mania (or hypomania) and depression. During a manic episode, individuals may feel extremely elated, energetic, or irritable, with racing thoughts, rapid speech, and impulsive behavior. They might engage in risky activities, have decreased sleep needs, and display poor judgment. In contrast, depressive episodes involve the same symptoms as depressive disorders.

Mood disorders can be caused by a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Proper diagnosis and treatment, which may include psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of both, are essential for managing these conditions and improving quality of life.

Anxiety disorders are a category of mental health disorders characterized by feelings of excessive and persistent worry, fear, or anxiety that interfere with daily activities. They include several different types of disorders, such as:

1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): This is characterized by chronic and exaggerated worry and tension, even when there is little or nothing to provoke it.
2. Panic Disorder: This is characterized by recurring unexpected panic attacks and fear of experiencing more panic attacks.
3. Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD): Also known as social phobia, this is characterized by excessive fear, anxiety, or avoidance of social situations due to feelings of embarrassment, self-consciousness, and concern about being judged or viewed negatively by others.
4. Phobias: These are intense, irrational fears of certain objects, places, or situations. When a person with a phobia encounters the object or situation they fear, they may experience panic attacks or other severe anxiety responses.
5. Agoraphobia: This is a fear of being in places where it may be difficult to escape or get help if one has a panic attack or other embarrassing or incapacitating symptoms.
6. Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD): This is characterized by excessive anxiety about separation from home or from people to whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment (such as a parent, sibling, or partner).
7. Selective Mutism: This is a disorder where a child becomes mute in certain situations, such as at school, but can speak normally at home or with close family members.

These disorders are treatable with a combination of medication and psychotherapy (cognitive-behavioral therapy, exposure therapy). It's important to seek professional help if you suspect that you or someone you know may have an anxiety disorder.

A headache is defined as pain or discomfort in the head, scalp, or neck. It can be a symptom of various underlying conditions such as stress, sinus congestion, migraine, or more serious issues like meningitis or concussion. Headaches can vary in intensity, ranging from mild to severe, and may be accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or sensitivity to light and sound. There are over 150 different types of headaches, including tension headaches, cluster headaches, and sinus headaches, each with their own specific characteristics and causes.

Headache disorders refer to a group of conditions characterized by recurrent headaches that cause significant distress and impairment in daily functioning. The most common types of headache disorders are tension-type headaches, migraines, and cluster headaches.

Tension-type headaches are typically described as a dull, aching sensation around the head and neck, often accompanied by tightness or pressure. Migraines, on the other hand, are usually characterized by moderate to severe throbbing pain on one or both sides of the head, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light and sound, and visual disturbances.

Cluster headaches are relatively rare but extremely painful, with attacks lasting from 15 minutes to three hours and occurring several times a day for weeks or months. They typically affect one side of the head and are often accompanied by symptoms such as redness and tearing of the eye, nasal congestion, and sweating on the affected side of the face.

Headache disorders can have a significant impact on quality of life, and effective treatment often requires a multidisciplinary approach that may include medication, lifestyle changes, and behavioral therapies.

A tension-type headache (TTH) is a common primary headache disorder characterized by mild to moderate, non-throbbing head pain, often described as a tight band or pressure surrounding the head. The pain typically occurs on both sides of the head and may be accompanied by symptoms such as scalp tenderness, neck stiffness, and light or sound sensitivity.

TTHs are classified into two main categories: episodic and chronic. Episodic TTHs occur less than 15 days per month, while chronic TTHs occur 15 or more days per month for at least three months. The exact cause of tension-type headaches is not fully understood, but they are believed to be related to muscle tension, stress, anxiety, and poor posture.

Treatment options for TTHs include over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, relaxation techniques, stress management, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications. In some cases, prescription medications may be necessary to manage chronic TTHs.

Sumatriptan is a selective serotonin receptor agonist, specifically targeting the 5-HT1D and 5-HT1B receptors. It is primarily used to treat migraines and cluster headaches. Sumatriptan works by narrowing blood vessels around the brain and reducing inflammation that leads to migraine symptoms.

The medication comes in various forms, including tablets, injectables, and nasal sprays. Common side effects of sumatriptan include feelings of warmth or hotness, tingling, tightness, pressure, heaviness, pain, or burning in the neck, throat, jaw, chest, or arms.

It is important to note that sumatriptan should not be used if a patient has a history of heart disease, stroke, or uncontrolled high blood pressure. Additionally, it should not be taken within 24 hours of using another migraine medication containing ergotamine or similar drugs such as dihydroergotamine, methysergide, or caffeine-containing analgesics.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a publication of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) that provides diagnostic criteria for mental disorders. It is widely used by mental health professionals in the United States and around the world to diagnose and classify mental health conditions.

The DSM includes detailed descriptions of symptoms, clinical examples, and specific criteria for each disorder, which are intended to facilitate accurate diagnosis and improve communication among mental health professionals. The manual is regularly updated to reflect current research and clinical practice, with the most recent edition being the DSM-5, published in 2013.

It's important to note that while the DSM is a valuable tool for mental health professionals, it is not without controversy. Some critics argue that the manual medicalizes normal human experiences and that its categories may be too broad or overlapping. Nonetheless, it remains an essential resource for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers in the field of mental health.

Photophobia is a condition characterized by an abnormal sensitivity to light. It's not a fear of light, despite the name suggesting otherwise. Instead, it refers to the discomfort or pain felt in the eyes due to exposure to light, often leading to a strong desire to avoid light. This can include both natural and artificial light sources.

The severity of photophobia can vary greatly among individuals. Some people may only experience mild discomfort in bright light conditions, while others may find even moderate levels of light intolerable. It can be a symptom of various underlying health issues, including eye diseases or disorders like uveitis, keratitis, corneal abrasions, or optic neuritis, as well as systemic conditions such as migraines, meningitis, or certain medications that increase light sensitivity.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), also simply referred to as depression, is a serious mental health condition characterized by the presence of one or more major depressive episodes. A major depressive episode is a period of at least two weeks during which an individual experiences a severely depressed mood and/or loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities, accompanied by at least four additional symptoms such as significant changes in appetite or weight, sleep disturbances, psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue or loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt, difficulty thinking, concentrating, or making decisions, and recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.

MDD can significantly impair an individual's ability to function in daily life, and it is associated with increased risks of suicide, substance abuse, and other mental health disorders. The exact cause of MDD is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a complex interplay of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Treatment typically involves a combination of psychotherapy (such as cognitive-behavioral therapy) and medication (such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants).

A depressive disorder is a mental health condition characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest or pleasure in activities. It can also include changes in sleep, appetite, energy levels, concentration, and self-esteem, as well as thoughts of death or suicide. Depressive disorders can vary in severity and duration, with some people experiencing mild and occasional symptoms, while others may have severe and chronic symptoms that interfere with their ability to function in daily life.

There are several types of depressive disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), persistent depressive disorder (PDD), and postpartum depression. MDD is characterized by symptoms that interfere significantly with a person's ability to function and last for at least two weeks, while PDD involves chronic low-grade depression that lasts for two years or more. Postpartum depression occurs in women after childbirth and can range from mild to severe.

Depressive disorders are thought to be caused by a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication, psychotherapy (talk therapy), and lifestyle changes.

Cortical Spreading Depression (CSD) is a wave of neuronal and glial depolarization that spreads across the cerebral cortex, characterized by the near-complete suppression of neural activity, followed by a period of depressed excitability. It is often accompanied by profound changes in blood flow and metabolism.

CSD is associated with several neurological conditions, including migraine with aura, traumatic brain injury, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. In migraine, it is believed to underlie the visual aura that precedes the headache phase of the attack. CSD can also have harmful effects on the brain, contributing to the development of secondary injuries after trauma or stroke.

The underlying mechanisms of CSD involve the activation of various ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors, leading to a massive efflux of potassium ions (K+) from neurons and glial cells. This K+ efflux triggers a cascade of events that result in the depolarization of surrounding neurons and glia, ultimately leading to the suppression of neural activity and the characteristic hemodynamic and metabolic changes associated with CSD.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with hyperactivity is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects both children and adults. The condition is characterized by symptoms including:

1. Difficulty paying attention or staying focused on a single task
2. Impulsivity, or acting without thinking
3. Hyperactivity, or excessive fidgeting, restlessness, or talking

In order to be diagnosed with ADHD with hyperactivity, an individual must exhibit these symptoms to a degree that is developmentally inappropriate and interferes with their daily functioning. Additionally, the symptoms must have been present for at least six months and be present in multiple settings (e.g., at home, school, work).

It's important to note that ADHD can manifest differently in different people, and some individuals may experience predominantly inattentive or impulsive symptoms rather than hyperactive ones. However, when the hyperactive component is prominent, it is referred to as ADHD with hyperactivity.

Effective treatments for ADHD with hyperactivity include a combination of medication (such as stimulants) and behavioral therapy. With appropriate treatment, individuals with ADHD can learn to manage their symptoms and lead successful, fulfilling lives.

Ergotamine is a type of ergopeptine alkaloid, derived from the ergot fungus (Claviceps purpurea) that parasitizes certain grains, particularly rye. It is a potent vasoconstrictor and has been used medically to prevent migraines and treat cluster headaches, as well as for other uses such as controlling postpartum hemorrhage and reducing symptoms of orthostatic hypotension.

Ergotamine works by binding to serotonin receptors in the brain and causing vasoconstriction of cranial blood vessels, which can help to relieve migraine headaches. However, it can also cause serious side effects such as nausea, vomiting, muscle pain, numbness or tingling in the extremities, and in rare cases, more severe reactions such as ergotism, a condition characterized by vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels leading to gangrene.

Ergotamine is usually taken orally, but can also be administered rectally or by inhalation. It is important to follow the dosage instructions carefully and avoid taking excessive amounts, as this can increase the risk of serious side effects. Ergotamine should not be taken during pregnancy or while breastfeeding, and it may interact with other medications, so it is important to inform your healthcare provider of all medications you are taking before starting ergotamine therapy.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental health disorder characterized by the presence of obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions are recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are intrusive, unwanted, and often distressing. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rigid rules, and which are aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety or distress, or preventing some dreaded event or situation. These obsessions and/or compulsions cause significant distress, take up a lot of time (an hour or more a day), and interfere with the individual's daily life, including social activities, relationships, and work or school performance. OCD is considered a type of anxiety disorder and can also co-occur with other mental health conditions.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that can occur in people who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event such as a natural disaster, serious accident, war combat, rape, or violent personal assault. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5), PTSD is characterized by the following symptoms, which must last for more than one month:

1. Intrusion symptoms: These include distressing memories, nightmares, flashbacks, or intense psychological distress or reactivity to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event.
2. Avoidance symptoms: Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event, including thoughts, feelings, conversations, activities, places, or people.
3. Negative alterations in cognitions and mood: This includes negative beliefs about oneself, others, or the world; distorted blame of self or others for causing the trauma; persistent negative emotional state; decreased interest in significant activities; and feelings of detachment or estrangement from others.
4. Alterations in arousal and reactivity: This includes irritable behavior and angry outbursts, reckless or self-destructive behavior, hypervigilance, exaggerated startle response, problems with concentration, and sleep disturbance.
5. Duration of symptoms: The symptoms must last for more than one month.
6. Functional significance: The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

It is essential to note that PTSD can occur at any age and can be accompanied by various physical and mental health problems, such as depression, substance abuse, memory problems, and other difficulties in cognition. Appropriate treatment, which may include psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of both, can significantly improve the symptoms and overall quality of life for individuals with PTSD.

Dihydroergotamine is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs called ergot alkaloids. It is a semi-synthetic derivative of ergotamine, which is found naturally in the ergot fungus. Dihydroergotamine is used to treat migraines and cluster headaches.

The drug works by narrowing blood vessels around the brain, which helps to reduce the pain and other symptoms associated with migraines and cluster headaches. It can be administered via injection, nasal spray, or oral tablet. Dihydroergotamine may cause serious side effects, including medication overuse headache, ergotism, and cardiovascular events such as heart attack or stroke. Therefore, it is important to use this medication only as directed by a healthcare provider.

Autistic Disorder, also known as Autism or Classic Autism, is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects communication and behavior. It is characterized by:

1. Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, including:
* Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity;
* Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction;
* Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships.
2. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities, as manifested by at least two of the following:
* Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech;
* Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns of verbal or nonverbal behavior;
* Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus;
* Hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment.
3. Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period (but may not become fully manifest until social demands exceed limited capacities) and limit or impair everyday functioning.
4. Symptoms do not occur exclusively during the course of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder or other psychotic disorders.

Autistic Disorder is part of the autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), which also include Asperger's Syndrome and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). The current diagnostic term for this category of conditions, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), is Autism Spectrum Disorder.

A phobic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder characterized by an excessive and irrational fear or avoidance of specific objects, situations, or activities. This fear can cause significant distress and interfere with a person's daily life. Phobic disorders are typically classified into three main categories: specific phobias (such as fear of heights, spiders, or needles), social phobia (or social anxiety disorder), and agoraphobia (fear of open spaces or situations where escape might be difficult).

People with phobic disorders often recognize that their fear is excessive or unreasonable, but they are unable to control it. When exposed to the feared object or situation, they may experience symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, sweating, trembling, and difficulty breathing. These symptoms can be so distressing that individuals with phobic disorders go to great lengths to avoid the feared situation, which can have a significant impact on their quality of life.

Treatment for phobic disorders typically involves cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which helps individuals identify and challenge their irrational thoughts and fears, as well as exposure therapy, which gradually exposes them to the feared object or situation in a safe and controlled environment. In some cases, medication may also be recommended to help manage symptoms of anxiety.

Substance-related disorders, as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), refer to a group of conditions caused by the use of substances such as alcohol, drugs, or medicines. These disorders are characterized by a problematic pattern of using a substance that leads to clinically significant impairment or distress. They can be divided into two main categories: substance use disorders and substance-induced disorders. Substance use disorders involve a pattern of compulsive use despite negative consequences, while substance-induced disorders include conditions such as intoxication, withdrawal, and substance/medication-induced mental disorders. The specific diagnosis depends on the type of substance involved, the patterns of use, and the presence or absence of physiological dependence.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Pizotyline" doesn't seem to be a recognized term in modern medical or pharmacological dictionaries. It's possible that there might be a spelling error or it could be an obscure or outdated term. If you have more context or details about where you encountered this term, I'd be happy to help you try to figure it out!

Serotonin receptor agonists are a class of medications that bind to and activate serotonin receptors in the body, mimicking the effects of the neurotransmitter serotonin. These drugs can have various effects depending on which specific serotonin receptors they act upon. Some serotonin receptor agonists are used to treat conditions such as migraines, cluster headaches, and Parkinson's disease, while others may be used to stimulate appetite or reduce anxiety. It is important to note that some serotonin receptor agonists can have serious side effects, particularly when taken in combination with other medications that affect serotonin levels, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). This can lead to a condition called serotonin syndrome, which is characterized by symptoms such as agitation, confusion, rapid heart rate, high blood pressure, and muscle stiffness.

Comorbidity is the presence of one or more additional health conditions or diseases alongside a primary illness or condition. These co-occurring health issues can have an impact on the treatment plan, prognosis, and overall healthcare management of an individual. Comorbidities often interact with each other and the primary condition, leading to more complex clinical situations and increased healthcare needs. It is essential for healthcare professionals to consider and address comorbidities to provide comprehensive care and improve patient outcomes.

Pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) are a group of conditions that affect the development and functioning of the brain, leading to delays in many areas of development. The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) has replaced the term "pervasive developmental disorders" with "autism spectrum disorder" and "other neurodevelopmental disorders."

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction across multiple contexts, as well as restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. The symptoms of ASD can range from mild to severe, and the condition affects approximately 1 in 54 children in the United States.

Other neurodevelopmental disorders that were previously classified as PDDs include:

1. Intellectual disability (ID): a condition characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills. This disorder used to be referred to as "mental retardation."
2. Communication disorders: these are disorders that affect an individual's ability to communicate, including language disorders, speech sound disorders, and stuttering.
3. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
4. Specific learning disorder: a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects an individual's ability to learn and use specific academic skills, such as reading, writing, or mathematics.
5. Motor disorders: these are disorders that affect an individual's movement and coordination, including developmental coordination disorder, stereotypic movement disorder, and tic disorders.

The medical definition of 'Child Development Disorders, Pervasive' has been replaced with more specific diagnoses in the DSM-5 to better reflect the diverse nature of these conditions and improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment planning.

Psychotic disorders are a group of severe mental health conditions characterized by distorted perceptions, thoughts, and emotions that lead to an inability to recognize reality. The two most common symptoms of psychotic disorders are hallucinations and delusions. Hallucinations are when a person sees, hears, or feels things that aren't there, while delusions are fixed, false beliefs that are not based on reality.

Other symptoms may include disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, catatonic behavior, and negative symptoms such as apathy and lack of emotional expression. Schizophrenia is the most well-known psychotic disorder, but other types include schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, brief psychotic disorder, shared psychotic disorder, and substance-induced psychotic disorder.

Psychotic disorders can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, brain chemistry imbalances, trauma, and substance abuse. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication, therapy, and support services to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Primary headache disorders are a group of headaches that are not caused by an underlying medical condition or structural problem. They are considered to be separate medical entities and include:

1. Migraine: A recurring headache that typically causes moderate to severe throbbing pain, often on one side of the head. It is commonly accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.
2. Tension-type headache (TTH): The most common type of headache, characterized by a pressing or tightening sensation around the forehead or back of the head and neck. It is usually not aggravated by physical activity and does not cause nausea or vomiting.
3. Cluster headache: A rare but extremely painful type of headache that occurs in clusters, meaning they happen several times a day for weeks or months, followed by periods of remission. The pain is usually one-sided, centered around the eye and often accompanied by redness, tearing, and nasal congestion.
4. New daily persistent headache (NDPH): A type of headache that starts suddenly and persists every day for weeks or months. It can be similar to tension-type headaches or migraines but is not caused by an underlying medical condition.
5. Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs): A group of primary headache disorders characterized by severe pain on one side of the head, often accompanied by symptoms such as redness, tearing, and nasal congestion. Cluster headaches are a type of TAC.
6. Other primary headache disorders: These include rare conditions such as hemicrania continua, paroxysmal hemicrania, and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks.

Primary headache disorders can significantly impact a person's quality of life and ability to function. Treatment typically involves medication, lifestyle changes, and behavioral therapies.

Prevalence, in medical terms, refers to the total number of people in a given population who have a particular disease or condition at a specific point in time, or over a specified period. It is typically expressed as a percentage or a ratio of the number of cases to the size of the population. Prevalence differs from incidence, which measures the number of new cases that develop during a certain period.

Analgesics are a class of drugs that are used to relieve pain. They work by blocking the transmission of pain signals in the nervous system, allowing individuals to manage their pain levels more effectively. There are many different types of analgesics available, including both prescription and over-the-counter options. Some common examples include acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil or Motrin), and opioids such as morphine or oxycodone.

The choice of analgesic will depend on several factors, including the type and severity of pain being experienced, any underlying medical conditions, potential drug interactions, and individual patient preferences. It is important to use these medications as directed by a healthcare provider, as misuse or overuse can lead to serious side effects and potential addiction.

In addition to their pain-relieving properties, some analgesics may also have additional benefits such as reducing inflammation (like in the case of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or NSAIDs) or causing sedation (as with certain opioids). However, it is essential to weigh these potential benefits against the risks and side effects associated with each medication.

When used appropriately, analgesics can significantly improve a person's quality of life by helping them manage their pain effectively and allowing them to engage in daily activities more comfortably.

Conduct Disorder is a mental health disorder that typically begins in childhood or adolescence and is characterized by a repetitive pattern of behavior that violates the rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms and rules. The behaviors fall into four main categories: aggression to people and animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violation of rules.

The specific symptoms of Conduct Disorder can vary widely among individuals, but they generally include:

1. Aggression to people and animals: This may include physical fights, bullying, threatening others, cruelty to animals, and use of weapons.
2. Destruction of property: This may include deliberate destruction of others' property, arson, and vandalism.
3. Deceitfulness or theft: This may include lying, shoplifting, stealing, and breaking into homes, buildings, or cars.
4. Serious violation of rules: This may include running away from home, truancy, staying out late without permission, and frequent violations of school rules.

Conduct Disorder can have serious consequences for individuals who suffer from it, including academic failure, substance abuse, depression, anxiety, and difficulties in interpersonal relationships. It is important to note that Conduct Disorder should be diagnosed by a qualified mental health professional based on a comprehensive evaluation.

Psychiatric Status Rating Scales are standardized assessment tools used by mental health professionals to evaluate and rate the severity of a person's psychiatric symptoms and functioning. These scales provide a systematic and structured approach to measuring various aspects of an individual's mental health, such as mood, anxiety, psychosis, behavior, and cognitive abilities.

The purpose of using Psychiatric Status Rating Scales is to:

1. Assess the severity and improvement of psychiatric symptoms over time.
2. Aid in diagnostic decision-making and treatment planning.
3. Monitor treatment response and adjust interventions accordingly.
4. Facilitate communication among mental health professionals about a patient's status.
5. Provide an objective basis for research and epidemiological studies.

Examples of Psychiatric Status Rating Scales include:

1. Clinical Global Impression (CGI): A brief, subjective rating scale that measures overall illness severity, treatment response, and improvement.
2. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS): A comprehensive scale used to assess the symptoms of psychosis, including positive, negative, and general psychopathology domains.
3. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) or Montgomery-Ã…sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS): Scales used to evaluate the severity of depressive symptoms.
4. Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS): A scale used to assess the severity of manic or hypomanic symptoms.
5. Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) or Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90-R): Scales that measure a broad range of psychiatric symptoms and psychopathology.
6. Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF): A scale used to rate an individual's overall psychological, social, and occupational functioning on a hypothetical continuum of mental health-illness.

It is important to note that Psychiatric Status Rating Scales should be administered by trained mental health professionals to ensure accurate and reliable results.

Secondary headache disorders refer to headaches that are caused by an underlying medical condition, structural abnormality, or injury. These headaches can have various characteristics and patterns, and their symptoms may mimic those of primary headache disorders such as migraine or tension-type headaches. However, in order to diagnose a secondary headache disorder, the healthcare provider must identify and address the underlying cause.

Examples of conditions that can cause secondary headache disorders include:

* Intracranial hemorrhage (bleeding in the brain)
* Brain tumors or other space-occupying lesions
* Meningitis or encephalitis (infections of the membranes surrounding the brain or the brain itself)
* Sinusitis or other respiratory infections
* Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ)
* Giant cell arteritis (a condition that affects the blood vessels in the head and neck)
* Substance use or withdrawal (such as from caffeine or alcohol)
* Medications (such as nitroglycerin or blood pressure-lowering drugs)

It is important to note that secondary headache disorders can be serious and even life-threatening, so it is essential to seek medical attention if you experience a new or unusual headache, especially if it is accompanied by other symptoms such as fever, weakness, numbness, or difficulty speaking.

Tic disorders are a group of conditions characterized by the presence of repetitive, involuntary movements or sounds, known as tics. These movements or sounds can vary in complexity and severity, and they may be worsened by stress or strong emotions.

There are several different types of tic disorders, including:

1. Tourette's disorder: This is a neurological condition characterized by the presence of both motor (movement-related) and vocal tics that have been present for at least one year. The tics may wax and wane in severity over time, but they do not disappear for more than three consecutive months.
2. Persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder: This type of tic disorder is characterized by the presence of either motor or vocal tics (but not both), which have been present for at least one year. The tics may wax and wane in severity over time, but they do not disappear for more than three consecutive months.
3. Provisional tic disorder: This type of tic disorder is characterized by the presence of motor or vocal tics (or both) that have been present for less than one year. The tics may wax and wane in severity over time, but they do not disappear for more than three consecutive months.
4. Tic disorder not otherwise specified: This category is used to describe tic disorders that do not meet the criteria for any of the other types of tic disorders.

Tic disorders are thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, and they often co-occur with other conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Treatment for tic disorders may include behavioral therapy, medication, or a combination of both.

Sleep disorders are a group of conditions that affect the ability to sleep well on a regular basis. They can include problems with falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up too early in the morning. These disorders can be caused by various factors such as stress, anxiety, depression, medical conditions, or substance abuse.

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) recognizes over 80 distinct sleep disorders, which are categorized into the following major groups:

1. Insomnia - difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.
2. Sleep-related breathing disorders - abnormal breathing during sleep such as obstructive sleep apnea.
3. Central disorders of hypersomnolence - excessive daytime sleepiness, including narcolepsy.
4. Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders - disruption of the internal body clock that regulates the sleep-wake cycle.
5. Parasomnias - abnormal behaviors during sleep such as sleepwalking or night terrors.
6. Sleep-related movement disorders - repetitive movements during sleep such as restless legs syndrome.
7. Isolated symptoms and normal variants - brief and occasional symptoms that do not warrant a specific diagnosis.

Sleep disorders can have significant impacts on an individual's quality of life, productivity, and overall health. If you suspect that you may have a sleep disorder, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional or a sleep specialist for proper evaluation and treatment.

'Ophthalmoplegic migraine' is a term that was previously used to describe a condition characterized by headaches associated with one-sided paralysis of the nerves that control eye movement (ophthalmoplegia). This results in drooping of the eyelid, double vision, and pupil dilation on the affected side.

However, it's important to note that 'ophthalmoplegic migraine' is no longer considered a valid diagnosis by the International Headache Society (IHS) due to lack of clear understanding of its underlying pathophysiology. Instead, such cases are now more likely to be classified under other headache disorders, such as "migraine with brainstem aura" or "recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy," depending on the specific symptoms and clinical presentation.

Therefore, it's best to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan based on the individual's symptoms and medical history.

A questionnaire in the medical context is a standardized, systematic, and structured tool used to gather information from individuals regarding their symptoms, medical history, lifestyle, or other health-related factors. It typically consists of a series of written questions that can be either self-administered or administered by an interviewer. Questionnaires are widely used in various areas of healthcare, including clinical research, epidemiological studies, patient care, and health services evaluation to collect data that can inform diagnosis, treatment planning, and population health management. They provide a consistent and organized method for obtaining information from large groups or individual patients, helping to ensure accurate and comprehensive data collection while minimizing bias and variability in the information gathered.

Cognitive disorders are a category of mental health disorders that primarily affect cognitive abilities including learning, memory, perception, and problem-solving. These disorders can be caused by various factors such as brain injury, degenerative diseases, infection, substance abuse, or developmental disabilities. Examples of cognitive disorders include dementia, amnesia, delirium, and intellectual disability. It's important to note that the specific definition and diagnostic criteria for cognitive disorders may vary depending on the medical source or classification system being used.

Somatoform disorders are a group of psychological disorders characterized by the presence of physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by a medical condition or substance abuse. These symptoms cause significant distress and impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The individual's belief about the symptoms is not consistent with the medical evaluation and often leads to excessive or repeated medical evaluations.

Examples of somatoform disorders include:

1. Somatization disorder: characterized by multiple physical symptoms that cannot be explained medically, affecting several parts of the body.
2. Conversion disorder: characterized by the presence of one or more neurological symptoms (such as blindness, paralysis, or difficulty swallowing) that cannot be explained medically and appear to have a psychological origin.
3. Pain disorder: characterized by chronic pain that is not fully explained by a medical condition.
4. Hypochondriasis: characterized by an excessive preoccupation with having a serious illness, despite reassurance from medical professionals.
5. Body dysmorphic disorder: characterized by the obsessive idea that some aspect of one's own body part or appearance is severely flawed and warrants exceptional measures to hide or fix it.

It's important to note that these disorders are not caused by intentional deceit or malingering, but rather reflect a genuine belief in the presence of physical symptoms and distress related to them.

A case-control study is an observational research design used to identify risk factors or causes of a disease or health outcome. In this type of study, individuals with the disease or condition (cases) are compared with similar individuals who do not have the disease or condition (controls). The exposure history or other characteristics of interest are then compared between the two groups to determine if there is an association between the exposure and the disease.

Case-control studies are often used when it is not feasible or ethical to conduct a randomized controlled trial, as they can provide valuable insights into potential causes of diseases or health outcomes in a relatively short period of time and at a lower cost than other study designs. However, because case-control studies rely on retrospective data collection, they are subject to biases such as recall bias and selection bias, which can affect the validity of the results. Therefore, it is important to carefully design and conduct case-control studies to minimize these potential sources of bias.

Hyperacusis is a hearing disorder characterized by an increased sensitivity to sounds, where certain everyday noises are perceived as being excessively loud or uncomfortable, even painful. This condition can lead to avoidance behaviors and have a negative impact on a person's quality of life. It is different from normal hearing and requires medical evaluation to diagnose and manage.

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a mental health disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, affect, and mood, as well as marked impulsivity that begins by early adulthood and is present in various contexts.

Individuals with BPD often experience intense and fluctuating emotions, ranging from profound sadness, anxiety, and anger to feelings of happiness or calm. They may have difficulty managing these emotions, leading to impulsive behavior, self-harm, or suicidal ideation.

People with BPD also tend to have an unstable sense of self, which can lead to rapid changes in their goals, values, and career choices. They often struggle with feelings of emptiness and boredom, and may engage in risky behaviors such as substance abuse, reckless driving, or binge eating to alleviate these feelings.

Interpersonal relationships are often strained due to the individual's fear of abandonment, intense emotional reactions, and difficulty regulating their emotions. They may experience idealization and devaluation of others, leading to rapid shifts in how they view and treat people close to them.

Diagnosis of BPD is typically made by a mental health professional using criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which is published by the American Psychiatric Association. Treatment for BPD may include psychotherapy, medication, and support groups to help individuals manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.

Medical Definition:

"Risk factors" are any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury. They can be divided into modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Modifiable risk factors are those that can be changed through lifestyle choices or medical treatment, while non-modifiable risk factors are inherent traits such as age, gender, or genetic predisposition. Examples of modifiable risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet, while non-modifiable risk factors include age, sex, and family history. It is important to note that having a risk factor does not guarantee that a person will develop the disease, but rather indicates an increased susceptibility.

The brain is the central organ of the nervous system, responsible for receiving and processing sensory information, regulating vital functions, and controlling behavior, movement, and cognition. It is divided into several distinct regions, each with specific functions:

1. Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain, responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thinking, learning, memory, language, and perception. It is divided into two hemispheres, each controlling the opposite side of the body.
2. Cerebellum: Located at the back of the brain, it is responsible for coordinating muscle movements, maintaining balance, and fine-tuning motor skills.
3. Brainstem: Connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord, controlling vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. It also serves as a relay center for sensory information and motor commands between the brain and the rest of the body.
4. Diencephalon: A region that includes the thalamus (a major sensory relay station) and hypothalamus (regulates hormones, temperature, hunger, thirst, and sleep).
5. Limbic system: A group of structures involved in emotional processing, memory formation, and motivation, including the hippocampus, amygdala, and cingulate gyrus.

The brain is composed of billions of interconnected neurons that communicate through electrical and chemical signals. It is protected by the skull and surrounded by three layers of membranes called meninges, as well as cerebrospinal fluid that provides cushioning and nutrients.

Lipton, Richard B.; Marcelo Eduardo Bigal (2006). Migraine and other headache disorders. Neurological disease and therapy. Vol ... Acephalgic migraine (also called migraine aura without headache, amigrainous migraine, isolated visual migraine, and optical ... Acephalgic migraines can occur in individuals of any age. Some individuals, usually males, only experience acephalgic migraine ... It is a relatively uncommon variant of migraine in which the patient may experience some migraine symptoms such as aura, nausea ...
Single gene disorders that result in migraines are rare. One of these is known as familial hemiplegic migraine, a type of ... Migraine was first divided into the two now used types - migraine with aura (migraine ophthalmique) and migraine without aura ( ... Migraine without aura, or "common migraine", involves migraine headaches that are not accompanied by aura. Migraine with aura, ... Migraine has also been associated with post-traumatic stress disorder and abuse. Migraine episodes are more likely to occur ...
Single gene disorders that result in migraines are rare. One of these is known as familial hemiplegic migraine, a type of ... The role of natural selection in the development of migraines is not known. Fitness-impairing disorders, including migraines, ... migraine as a result of conflicts with other organisms, iii) migraine as a result of novel environmental factors, iv) migraine ... Another genetic disorder associated with migraine is CADASIL syndrome or cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with ...
Migraine: The Evolution of a Common Disorder. Berkeley: UCLA Press, 1970, p. 57-59. Cited in King-Lenzmeier, 49 and 204. ... a migraine condition. Oliver Sacks, in his book Migraine, called her visions "indisputably migrainous," but stated that this ... The resemblance of the illuminations to typical symptoms of migraine attacks, especially in cases where it is not precisely ...
Association of Migraine Disorders (2021-05-25). "Shades for Migraine Partners with Rising Influencers to Empower People with ... Beckwith partnered with Shades for Migraine in a media campaign to raise awareness about migraines. She has said her migraines ... Knott, Kylie (2021-06-18). "Living with migraines: women change diet, schedule to cope with attacks". South China Morning Post ...
The treatment of the gastrointestinal disorders may lead to a remission or improvement of headaches. Migraine headaches are ... Migraines are currently thought to be caused by dysfunction of the nerves in the brain. Previously, migraines were thought to ... More women than men experience migraines. In Europe and North America, 5-9% of men experience migraines, while 12-25% of women ... People who are more susceptible to experiencing migraines without headaches are those who have a family history of migraines, ...
Migraine attack is the expression of brain disorders; however, an exact mechanism which may be responsible is currently just a ... In the introduction to the monograph, he wrote,"Migraine, as such, is not an independent or autonomous disease; it is just one ... His brain atlas and a book about migraine were translated into Polish, as well. He was interested in history of Polish medicine ... It was the first Polish textbook devoted to migraine. In a review of the historical background of general aspects of the ...
Symptoms are not consistent with typical migraine aura. Symptoms are not better explained by another disorder (ophthalmological ... Migraine and migraine with aura are common comorbidities. However, comorbid migraine worsens some of the additional visual ... In contrast to migraine, comorbidity of typical migraine aura does not appear to worsen symptoms. Psychological side effects of ... Schankin, CJ, Maniyar, FH, Sprenger, T, Chou, DE, Eller, M, Goadsby, PJ, 2014, The Relation Between Migraine, Typical Migraine ...
These include depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and migraine. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ... The stigma of epilepsy can also affect the families of those with the disorder. Certain disorders occur more often in people ... Disorders causing seizures, Neurological disorders in children, Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate (full), ... Epilepsy is a disorder of the brain defined by any of the following conditions: Furthermore, epilepsy is considered to be ...
The full title of the first edition was Migraine - Evolution of a Common Disorder. The book was written in 1967, mostly over a ... The Experience of Migraine The Occurrence of Migraine The Basis of Migraine Therapeutic Approaches to Migraine Migraine as a ... International Classification of Headache Disorders Management of chronic headaches "Migraine". Oliver Sacks. 2007. Archived ... Migraine is the first book written by Oliver Sacks, a well-known New York City-based neurologist and author. ...
"Potential therapeutic use of melatonin in migraine and other headache disorders". Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 15 ( ... February 2006). "Efficacy and safety of exogenous melatonin for secondary sleep disorders and sleep disorders accompanying ... The first patent for its use in circadian rhythm disorders was granted in 1987 to Roger V Short and Stuart Armstrong at Monash ... In autoimmune disorders, evidence is conflicting whether melatonin supplementation may ameliorate or exacerbate symptoms due to ...
Isaac, Dave (October 23, 2019). "Nolan Patrick has no answers, but feels progress with migraine disorder". Courier-Post. ... he had avoided strong contact due to his migraine disorder. He missed two games in the middle of April after taking a shot from ... a neurologist from the University of Michigan diagnosed Patrick with a migraine disorder. When Fletcher announced Patrick's ... "Patrick (migraines) not on Flyers' camp roster". TSN Hockey. The Sports Network. July 13, 2020. Archived from the original on ...
It is used primarily to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder. It is also used to prevent migraine headaches. Valproate has a ... The use of valproate for migraine or bipolar disorder during pregnancy is contraindicated in the European Union and the United ... Valproic acid has also been used for migraine prophylaxis and bipolar disorder. Valproate is available as a generic medication ... and valproate semisodium forms are medications primarily used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder and prevent migraine ...
NK1 receptor antagonists have also been studied in migraine, emesis and psychiatric disorders. In fact, aprepitant has been ... Obsessive-compulsive disorder, G protein-coupled receptors, Molecular neuroscience, Biology of bipolar disorder). ... In addition, it has been identified as a candidate in the etiology of bipolar disorder. Finally NK1R antagonists may also have ... "Management of Insomnia Disorder". Comparative Effectiveness Reviews. 159. 2015. PMID 26844312. Jordan K (February 2006). " ...
... and particularly that this disorder fell under "migraine without aura". The ICHD-1 referred to this as menstrual migraine, ... Acephalgic migraine is also referred to as amigrainous migraine, ocular migraine, ophthalmic migraine or optical migraine, the ... basilar artery migraine; basilar migraine; basilar-type migraine) is a subtype of migraine with aura in which symptoms clearly ... The second-most common form of migraine headache: the patient primarily has migraines with aura, and might also have migraines ...
Incorrect diagnoses include migraines, meningitis, Chiari malformation, and psychiatric disorders. The average time from onset ... Movement disorders are uncommon in spontaneous CSF leaks but occasionally can be one of the major components of the clinical ... A cerebrospinal fluid leak can be either cranial or spinal, and these are two different disorders. A spinal CSF leak can be ... Liu, F. -C.; Fuh, J. -L.; Wang, Y. -F.; Wang, S. -J. (2011). "Connective tissue disorders in patients with spontaneous ...
This includes migraine disorders, where co-occurrences between ET and migraines have been examined. Not all individuals with ET ... Essential tremor is a progressive neurological disorder, and the most common movement disorder. Its onset is usually after age ... Mostile G, Jankovic J (October 2010). "Alcohol in essential tremor and other movement disorders". Movement Disorders. 25 (14): ... Mostile, Giovanni; Jankovic, Joseph (2010). "Alcohol in essential tremor and other movement disorders". Movement Disorders. 25 ...
Native Americans used very small amounts of clematis for migraine headaches and nervous disorders. It was also used as an ...
Etiologically, it is associated primarily with paroxysmal neurological disorders such as migraine and epilepsy. The abdominal ...
It is attributed to structural brain changes or functional disorders like epilepsy, migraine or eye diseases. Antidepressants ... Initially she developed severe migraines and blurred vision mainly in her right visual hemifield and was in a confused state. ... The visual disturbances persisted long after the migraine had subsided several hours later. She described the left half of ... Prosopometamorphopsia is a visual disorder characterized by altered perceptions of faces. Facial features are distorted in a ...
NIMHANS and S-VYASA are working together on schizophrenia and neurological disorders like migraine and dementia. S-VYASA ... "NIMHANS strengthening brain research to improve treatment modalities in mental-neuro disorders". "SVYASA Yoga University". ...
Previously it was often misdiagnosed as different primary headache disorders such as migraine or tension headaches. Increasing ... Other causes include colloid cysts and possibly connective tissue disorders. It may occur as a complication of decompressive ... "The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version)" (PDF). Cephalalgia. 33 (9): 716-717. doi: ...
Migraine and other headache disorders. Informa Healthcare. ISBN 0-8493-3695-3. Retrieved February 4, 2012. "Epilepsy Migraine ... However, not every migraine may be accompanied by a seizure and sometimes the seizures happen without any migraine involvement ... "Pathomechanisms of persistent aura" - Migraine Aura Foundation Archived 2010-12-19 at the Wayback Machine "Migraine, Epilepsy, ... "Migraine Variants" - eMedicine "Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Textbook, Volume 1" - Google Books Bigal, M.E; Lipton, R.B; Cohen, J ...
"Migraine and Epilepsy-Shared Mechanisms within the Family of Episodic Disorders" (PDF). Noebles JL (4 ed.). Somjen, G. G. (2005 ... Neuroscience Migraine Headache (Ciência 2018) (Botaro et al. 2020, 6:36) Maranhão-Filho & Vincent 2009, p. 110. (Botaro et al. ... it occurs spontaneously in migraine and to some extent in epilepsy. It occurs not only in the brain, but in other neural ...
The Institute covers neurodegenerative diseases; depression and psychiatric disorders; migraines; and spine, nerve, and muscle ... Helen Hobbs and Jonathan Cohen are among the world's leading experts on the genetic factors associated with lipid disorders. ...
Migraine, Sleep Disorder, or Gastroenteritis. Pediatrics 2006; 118(4):e1237-e1243 doi:10.1542/peds.2006-0623. Ferrie C, ... instead erroneously labeling then as having diverse non-epileptic disorders such as encephalitis, syncope, migraine, cyclic ... An expert consensus has defined Panayiotopoulos syndrome as "a benign age-related focal seizure disorder occurring in early and ... An explanation for this is that children are susceptible to autonomic disorders as illustrated by the cyclic vomiting syndrome ...
... migraine, and panic disorder. The number of comorbid diseases increases with age. Comorbidity increases by 10% in ages up to 19 ... On the DSM Axis I, major depressive disorder is a very common comorbid disorder. The Axis II personality disorders are often ... OCD and eating disorders have a high rate of occurrence, it is estimated that 20-60% of patients with an eating disorder have ... "Presence of eating disorder symptoms in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder". BMC Psychiatry. 20 (1): 36. doi:10.1186/ ...
Other proposed explanations include somatic symptom disorder, panic disorder, migraine, chronic fatigue syndrome, or ... Many people with MCS also meet the criteria for major depressive disorder or anxiety disorder. ... Healthcare providers can also bill for MCS-related services under the ICD-10 codes of F45.0 for somatization disorder. MCS is ... Researchers have studied immunity biomarkers in people with MCS to determine whether MCS could be an autoimmune disorder or ...
Published reports from open-label studies have demonstrated possible efficacy of ONS in a variety of primary headache disorders ... That vasodilatation is an important factor in migraine is further confirmed by the fact that the most widely used migraine ... Because of the complexity of migraine, no preventive treatment modality is effective for all migraine sufferers. However in FDA ... showing an improvement in incidence of chronic migraines for migraine sufferers undergoing the Botox treatment. Since then, ...
... migraines, cancer pain and other disorders. Self-administration of SPG blocks (SASPGB) is another method of delivering ... as well as posttraumatic stress disorder. Left stellectomy is a treatment strategy in prolonged QT syndrome because activity of ... Effectiveness of Stellate Ganglion Block for Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)". VA Evidence Synthesis Program ...
This topic contains 54 study abstracts on Migraine Disorders indicating that the following substances may be helpful: Magnesium ... Diseases : Migraine Disorders, Pregnancy-Associated Migraines, Pregnancy Complications. Therapeutic Actions : Acupuncture, ... Diseases : Autism Spectrum Disorders, Headache: Migraine, Hemiplegia, Neurologic Disorders. Therapeutic Actions : Dietary ... 129 Abstracts with Migraine Disorders Research. Filter by Study Type. Animal Study. ...
The Migraine Trust. 7-14 Great Dover Street. London. SE1 4YR. The Migraine Trust Helpline:. 0808 802 0066 (Mon-Fri, 10am-4pm ... Other headache disorders There are many different types and causes of headache, so it is helpful to understand which you have ... The Migraine Trust 2021. Registered charity in England and Wales (1081300) and Scotland (SC042911).. A company limited by ... Subscribe to our ebulletin for all the news from the migraine community ...
Downloadable slides from the migraine presentation at the 2022 Movement Disorders+ Summit, from Clinical Care Options (CCO) ...
ADHD and Migraines: What is the Connection? with Sarah Cheyette, MD. Teacher. Sarah Cheyette ... Are you (or someone you know) twice blessed with migraines AND also ADHD? You can finally learn why here-you may learn things ... Copyright © Attention Deficit Disorder Association 2015-2023. All Rights Reserved.. ADDA delivers reliable information on ADHD ... Learn 3 different ways why people with migraines may be more likely to have ADHD ...
... disabling conditions by signing this petition to urge Congressional hearings on the impact of migraine and headache disorders. ... Help get the word out the migraine and headache disorders are serious, ... Petition to Request Congressional Hearings on Migraine & Headache Disorders: Please Sign TODAY!. March 14, 2012. July 6, 2012. ... Welcome to Kerrie Smyres writings about chronic migraine, headache disorders, chronic illness & depression. Here youll find ...
Generalized Anxiety Disorder is characterized by excessive worry and tension most of the time, and is diagnosed when this has ...
TMJ Disorder or Chronic Migraines? According to Sturm & Associates, your nagging frequent headaches could be caused by your ... Often misdiagnosed as migraine headaches, TMJ disorder causes shoulder, neck, and facial pain. Sometimes the ears are affected ... However, that isnt the only problems that come with TMJ disorder.. The Problems with TMJ Disorder. Dr. Judy Sturm explains ... TMJ disorders also happen if your bite is out of alignment because of chipped and cracked teeth. If you have old dental ...
Migraine is a debilitating neurological disorder that affects about 12% of. Migraine is a debilitating neurological disorder ... Keywords: CGRP PACAP migraine neuropeptides Migraine Clinical context of migraine Migraine is far more than just another a ... Migraine is estimated to affect up to one in four households (Lipton et al. 2001 A highly prevalent disorder: 6 - 8% of men and ... Bussone 2010 Current understanding of migraine pathophysiology The lack LY335979 of therapeutic options in managing migraine ...
Learn about other symptoms, what triggers migraines, and how to treat them. ... Migraines are pulsing or throbbing headaches in one area of the head. ... Migraine (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) * Migraine (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and ... Stress and Migraine (American Migraine Foundation) * The Link Between Migraine, Depression and Anxiety (American Migraine ...
Migraine, Jaw, Neck, Back, Ear, Eye, Orofacial pain relief. Sleep Apnea & Snoring Solutions. Dr. Shapira dentist Chicago. Call ... Prevention of TMJ Disorders, Parent information: Common Development of TMD and Sleep Disorders October 24, 2020 ... Could a visit to the Highland Park dentist cure your migraines? If you suffer from chronic headaches or migraines and have ... Pregnancy Migraine / Post Partum Migraine Complete Relief with Trigger Point Injections June 6, 2021 ...
Migraine Disorders - 26 Studies Found. Status. Study Recruiting. Study Name: Nutrition for Migraine Prevention. Condition: ... Study Name: Dose-ranging Study of Oral COL-144 in Acute Migraine Treatment. Condition: Migraine Disorders. Date: 2009-04-16. ... Study Name: Optimized tDCS for the Treatment of Migraine. Condition: Migraine Disorders. Date: 2015-09-22. Interventions: * ... Study Name: The Efficacy of Tai Chi Training for the Prophylaxis of Migraine in Chinese Women. Condition: Migraine Disorder. ...
... providing insights into the latest updates in headache disorders and migraine research. ... Headache disorders rank among the most prevalent and incapacitating conditions worldwide, accounting for nearly three-quarters ... Headache Disorders Neurodegenerative Diseases More Specialities Movement Disorders Multiple Sclerosis Neuroimmunology ... Primary headache disorders encompass migraine, tension headache, and cluster headache, while medication-overuse headache stands ...
By submitting this form, you are consenting to receive marketing emails from: Association of Migraine Disorders, P.O. Box 870, ... Association of Migraine Disorders. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use , Privacy Policy ... The Caffeine Paradox for People Living with Migraine Disease * How to Get Prior Authorizations for Migraine Medications ... By using MigraineDisorders.org you agree to comply fully with the Terms of Use of this Site. ...
100% of all donations go directly to migraine research, educational tools and advocacy programs. ... The Association of Migraine Disorders is proud to present Research Is Hope as a source of funding for researchers dedicated to ... If you prefer to write a check, please make it payable to the "Association of Migraine Disorders" and mail to:. Association of ... Association of Migraine Disorders. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use , Privacy Policy ...
The manifestations of migraine-associated vertigo are quite varied and may include episodic true vertigo, positional vertigo, ... Migraine is an extremely common disorder worldwide; in the United States alone, this condition occurs in 18% of women and in 6 ... Migraine can be divided into 2 categories: migraine without aura (common migraine, 90% of migraine headache cases) and migraine ... Migraine aura without headache (replaces migraine equivalent or acephalic migraine) fulfills criteria for migraine with aura, ...
Migraine - Etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, signs, diagnosis & prognosis from the MSD Manuals - Medical Professional ... Chronic migraine Patients with episodic migraine can develop chronic migraine. These patients have headaches ≥ 15 days/month. ... This finding suggests that migraine may actually be a more generalized disorder and not just a headache disorder. ... which can precipitate migraines (1 Prevention references Migraine is an episodic primary headache disorder. Symptoms typically ...
Association of Migraine Disorders. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use , Privacy Policy , Sitemap ... How Parents Can Help Children With Migraine Prepare for School * Advancing Migraine Treatment: Exploring the Applications of ... The Relationship Between Sexual Orientation or Gender Identity and Migraine * Relivion® MG: A New Migraine Device Using " ... It is important to note that headache and/or migraine disease may occur after having a stroke, depending on the location and ...
Researchers linked an abnormal gene to both a common type of migraine and a rare sleep disorder. The discovery provides a new ... In this family, too, all 5 members with CKIδ mutations had migraine, aura without migraine or probable migraine. In further ... Gene Linked to Migraine and Sleep Disorder National Institute Of Health Read Time: 4 mins Researchers linked an abnormal gene ... known as migraines. About a third of migraine sufferers also experience visual or sensory disturbances known as migraine aura ...
Does yogurt bother anyone who is trying the migraine diet from the book Heal your headache? I love my greek yogurt so much and ... mvertigo.org vestibular disorders support forum Migraine diet questions Non-Pharmacological Treatment Diet ... Does yogurt bother anyone who is trying the migraine diet from the book Heal your headache? I love my greek yogurt so much and ...
Learn more about the relationship between sleep and migraines and how to get better sleep. ... Sleep disorders are one of the most common symptoms of migraines. ... Sleep disorders are one of the most common and frustrating symptoms of migraines. If you suffer from migraines, you may have ... Which sleep disorders are linked to migraines?. Insomnia and difficulty with falling asleep are some of the most common sleep ...
... Published on 2 October 2023. under Headaches ... But what if a potential key to managing migraines wasnt in the head at all? What if the neck had a role to play in migraine ... To highlight this relationship between the neck and migraines, a 2023 study looked at 295 migraine patients and found that more ... Further analysis showed that migraine sufferers with concurrent neck pain reported more severe migraine symptoms, and the more ...
People with migraines and comorbid mood disorders often need treatments that address both conditions, as well as management of ...
Six months before initial consultation, these migraines become chronic. The patient was then advised to follow the Low ... We report a case of a 60-year-old man who struggled with frequent migraines for 12.5 years, which were refractory to all ... These results far exceed the goal of migraine treatment with medication, which is to reduce migraine frequency by ,50% per ... Chronic migraine reversal and prevention with the LIFE diet: a nutrient dense whole food plant-based diet (WFPBD) BMJ Case Rep ...
Long COVID and Headache Disorders: A Policy Panel Discussion. Join The Headache & Migraine Policy Forum virtually to learn ... about the long-term impact of COVID-19 on patients living with migraine and headache disorders and those who have developed ...
... are common brain disorders that frequently co-occur. Despite epidemiological evidence that migraine and MDD share a genetic ... with both migraine and MDD (Pbinomial-test = 0.001). Combining results across migraine and MDD, two genes, ANKDD1B and KCNK5, ... Meta-analysis of results for 8,045,569 SNPs from a migraine GWAS (comprising 30,465 migraine cases and 143,147 control samples ... LD Score regression revealed a significant SNP-based heritability for both migraine (h2 = 12%) and MDD (h2 = 19%), and a ...
Molecular genetic overlap between migraine and major depressive disorder. Yuanhao Yang, Huiying Zhao, Dorret I Boomsma, Lannie ... Dyk ned i forskningsemnerne om Molecular genetic overlap between migraine and major depressive disorder. Sammen danner de et ...
Lipton, Richard B.; Marcelo Eduardo Bigal (2006). Migraine and other headache disorders. Neurological disease and therapy. Vol ... Acephalgic migraine (also called migraine aura without headache, amigrainous migraine, isolated visual migraine, and optical ... Acephalgic migraines can occur in individuals of any age. Some individuals, usually males, only experience acephalgic migraine ... It is a relatively uncommon variant of migraine in which the patient may experience some migraine symptoms such as aura, nausea ...
... Natalucci, Giulia;Faedda ... Since the literature suggests that children with migraine have a high comorbidity with internalizing disorders, our hypothesis ... Since the literature suggests that children with migraine have a high comorbidity with internalizing disorders, our hypothesis ... Metacognition and theory of mind in children with migraine and children with internalizing disorders / Natalucci, Giulia; ...
Gladstone, JP & Dodick, DW 2003, Current and emerging treatment options for migraine and other primary headache disorders, ... Current and emerging treatment options for migraine and other primary headache disorders. Expert review of neurotherapeutics. ... Dive into the research topics of Current and emerging treatment options for migraine and other primary headache disorders. ... Current and emerging treatment options for migraine and other primary headache disorders. / Gladstone, Jonathan P.; Dodick, ...
Melatonin 3 mg is better than placebo for migraine prevention, more tolerable than amitriptyline and as effective as ... Introduction: Melatonin has been studied in headache disorders. Amitriptyline is efficacious for migraine prevention, but its ... Randomised clinical trial comparing melatonin 3 mg, amitriptyline 25 mg and placebo for migraine prevention J Neurol Neurosurg ... Men and women, aged 18-65 years, with migraine with or without aura, experiencing 2-8 attacks per month, were enrolled. After a ...
  • There is evidence that chiropractic care, including spinal manipulation, improves migraine and cervicogenic headaches. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Referred to as TMJ disorder, people suffering often complain of jaw pain and headaches. (yorkvillesmiles.com)
  • Dr. Judy Sturm voted Toronto's Best Dentist has the training and expertise to help diagnose and treat headaches and TMJ disorders. (yorkvillesmiles.com)
  • It really is a remarkable treatment for people suffering from TMJ disorders and chronic headaches. (yorkvillesmiles.com)
  • 2002 however 3 - 5% of the general population experience chronic daily headaches occurring at least 15 days per month often with migrainous characteristics (Couch 2011 A 1999 study of migraine economic burden in the United States found a total of 112 million bedridden days per year by migraineurs (Hu et al. (sciencepop.org)
  • 2002 Recently botulinum toxin has been found to be an effective preventative (Rapoport 2010 Despite these options many migraineurs do not respond to medication (Tfelt-Hansen and Olesen 2012 or develop chronic daily headaches due to medication overuse (Bussone 2010 Current understanding of migraine pathophysiology The lack LY335979 of therapeutic options in managing migraine reflects the limited understanding of the mechanisms behind migraine. (sciencepop.org)
  • If you suffer from chronic headaches or migraines and have given up on ever finding a real migraine cure, there is something you may have missed. (thinkbetterlife.com)
  • Migraine headaches are recurrent headaches that are often accompanied by nausea and light sensitivity and that are separated by symptom-free intervals. (medscape.com)
  • In 1984, Kayan and Hood reported a significant increase in the frequency of vertigo in people with migraines versus people with tension headaches. (medscape.com)
  • By some estimates, more than 1 in 10 people experience intense headaches, often accompanied by pulsing or throbbing pain, known as migraines. (mightynatural.com)
  • Not surprisingly, the severity of sleep disorders in migraine sufferers increases as headaches become more frequent and severe. (hmccentre.com)
  • Insomnia and difficulty with falling asleep are some of the most common sleep complaint among people who suffer from migraine headaches. (hmccentre.com)
  • Sleep disruption, sudden changes in sleep schedule (for example, when travelling to another time zone), and oversleeping are all common triggers for migraine headaches. (hmccentre.com)
  • If you suffer from migraines, getting more sleep could mean getting fewer headaches that are also less intense in severity. (hmccentre.com)
  • What if the neck had a role to play in migraine headaches? (draaronriceblog.com)
  • The Migraine Brain: Your Breakthrough Guide to Fewer Headaches, Better Health. (wikipedia.org)
  • Estimates indicate that 3.5-5% of all children will experience recurrent headaches consistent with migraine. (medscape.com)
  • Does the Flu Cause Migraine Headaches? (healthline.com)
  • This includes migraine , tension, and cluster headaches. (healthline.com)
  • Most of the time, sinus headaches are not due to a sinus infection but are actually migraine or tension headaches. (healthline.com)
  • It's also considered a significant factor in the frequency of migraine and tension headaches. (healthline.com)
  • Most migraine headaches last about 4 hours, but severe ones can go for more than 3 days. (webmd.com)
  • Some people may get migraine headaches every few days, while others get them once or twice a year. (webmd.com)
  • Doctors don't know the exact cause of migraine headaches, although they seem to be related to changes in your brain and to your genes. (webmd.com)
  • Most people start having migraine headaches between ages 10 and 40. (webmd.com)
  • While individually both migraine and PTSD are more common in women than men, a recent study by Peterlin and colleagues -- the only study to date to look at sex differences in the PTSD-migraine association -- suggests that men with migraines had up to a four-fold greater odds of PTSD than females who experience migraine headaches. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Neuroimaging is not necessary in patients with a history of recurrent migraine headaches and a normal neurologic examination. (medscape.com)
  • Don't perform neuroimaging studies in patients with stable headaches that meet criteria for migraine. (medscape.com)
  • Petition to Request Congressional Hearings on Migraine & Headache Disorders: Please Sign TODAY! (thedailyheadache.com)
  • Help get the word out the migraine and headache disorders are serious, disabling conditions by signing this petition to urge Congressional hearings on the impact of migraine and headache disorders . (thedailyheadache.com)
  • Welcome to Kerrie Smyres' writings about chronic migraine, headache disorders, chronic illness & depression. (thedailyheadache.com)
  • Headache disorders are among the most prevalent and incapacitating conditions worldwide, accounting for nearly three-quarters of all neurological-related disabilities. (touchneurology.com)
  • Primary headache disorders encompass migraine, tension headache, and cluster headache, while medication-overuse headache stands as the prevailing form of secondary headache. (touchneurology.com)
  • These breakthroughs hold great promise in alleviating the burden of headache disorders, fostering improved quality of life for affected individuals. (touchneurology.com)
  • Join The Headache & Migraine Policy Forum virtually to learn about the long-term impact of COVID-19 on patients living with migraine and headache disorders and those who have developed headache as a symptom of long COVID. (migrainecollaborative.org)
  • Pediatric acephalgic migraines are listed along with other childhood periodic syndromes by W.A. Al-Twaijri and M.I. Shevell as "migraine equivalents" (although not listed as such in the International Classification of Headache Disorders), which can be good predictors of the future development of typical migraines. (wikipedia.org)
  • Primary headache disorders are highly prevalent worldwide. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Gladstone, JP & Dodick, DW 2003, ' Current and emerging treatment options for migraine and other primary headache disorders ', Expert review of neurotherapeutics , vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 845-872. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Dodick, David W. / Current and emerging treatment options for migraine and other primary headache disorders . (elsevierpure.com)
  • Melatonin has been studied in headache disorders. (nih.gov)
  • The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition, beta version [ICHD-3 (beta)] was published in 2013 and serves as a reference for signs and symptoms currently used as diagnostic criteria. (medscape.com)
  • The authors explained that dehydration seems to trigger or worsen underlying headache disorders. (healthline.com)
  • Nevertheless, there are few practitioners trained in Headache Medicine, so migraine and related headache disorders remain underrecognized, underdiagnosed, and undertreated. (medscape.com)
  • Coenzyme Q10 supplementation may reduce the frequency of migraine attacks per month. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • only 60% (Loder 2010 Moreover triptans have LY335979 adverse effects including paresthesias flushing neck tightness and chest pressure as well as possible cardiovascular risks (Loder 2010 Preventatives such as propranolol topiramate and tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline have also been used to reduce to the number of migraines attacks (Goadsby et al. (sciencepop.org)
  • Many women have onset of migraine at menarche, severe attacks during menstruation (menstrual migraine), and worsening during menopause. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Normal sleep habits could reduce the number of migraine attacks and intensity. (hmccentre.com)
  • Moreover, we expect a significative correlation between migraine characteristics (e.g. intensity, frequency, duration of the attacks etc.) and deficit on metacognition and ToM abilities and in alexithymia. (uniroma1.it)
  • Acephalgic migraines may resemble transient ischemic attacks or, when longer in duration, stroke. (wikipedia.org)
  • Men and women, aged 18-65 years, with migraine with or without aura, experiencing 2-8 attacks per month, were enrolled. (nih.gov)
  • A multivariate model showed that consistent with previous studies those with comorbid migraine were significantly more likely to be female (OR=2.099, p=0.005) and have comorbid panic attacks (OR=1.842, p=0.004). (worc.ac.uk)
  • But experts believe that many migraine attacks are caused by an irregular inflammatory response located in your own immune system. (healthline.com)
  • Stress is considered the most common trigger of migraine attacks. (healthline.com)
  • If you experience frequent, severe migraine attacks that disrupt your life, your doctor may discuss preventive medications with you. (healthline.com)
  • Outcome measures: The frequency, intensity, and duration of migraine attacks in the 3 months prior to inclusion were compared with those during the 3-month follow-up period. (researchgate.net)
  • Homeopathy alone was used for the treatment of migraine attacks in 38% of cases. (researchgate.net)
  • Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate the interest of homeopathic medicines for the prevention and treatment of migraine attacks in children. (researchgate.net)
  • A significant decrease in the frequency, severity, and duration of migraine attacks was observed and, consequently, reduced absenteeism from school. (researchgate.net)
  • The results of this study showed the efficacy of homeopathic preparations for the prevention and treatment of migraine attacks in children [28] . (researchgate.net)
  • Caffeine itself can be a treatment for acute migraine attacks. (webmd.com)
  • This knowledge has led to a brand-new clinical armamentarium of chemical and electrical options for treating the symptoms of migraine and preventing attacks from occurring. (medscape.com)
  • A 14-strain probiotic mixture could be an effective and beneficial supplement to improve migraine headache in both chronic and episodic migraineurs. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • 2008 Migraine is typically episodic (Goadsby et al. (sciencepop.org)
  • Over the years, several syndromes of episodic vertigo associated with migraine have been reported, including benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood and benign recurrent vertigo in adults. (medscape.com)
  • Overall, episodic vertigo occurs in about 25-35% of all migraine patients. (medscape.com)
  • Migraine is an episodic primary headache disorder. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Your treatment options may depend on if you have episodic or chronic migraine, and on the severity and frequency of migraine episodes. (healthline.com)
  • An aura can happen just before or during a migraine. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Migraine can be divided into 2 categories: migraine without aura (common migraine, 90% of migraine headache cases) and migraine with aura (classic migraine, 10% of cases). (medscape.com)
  • Oral contraceptives and other hormone therapy occasionally trigger or worsen migraine and have been associated with stroke in women who have migraine with aura. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In some families, the migraine phenotype varies considerably, causing primarily headache in some family members, vertigo in others, and hemiplegia or an aura in others. (msdmanuals.com)
  • About a third of migraine sufferers also experience visual or sensory disturbances known as migraine aura shortly before the headache begins. (mightynatural.com)
  • This family also tended to suffer from migraine with aura, which is how they originally came to medical attention. (mightynatural.com)
  • In this family, too, all 5 members with CKIδ mutations had migraine, aura without migraine or probable migraine. (mightynatural.com)
  • Acephalgic migraine (also called migraine aura without headache, amigrainous migraine, isolated visual migraine, and optical migraine) is a neurological syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is a relatively uncommon variant of migraine in which the patient may experience some migraine symptoms such as aura, nausea, photophobia, and hemiparesis, but does not experience headache. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is generally classified as an event fulfilling the conditions of migraine with aura with no (or minimal) headache. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is sometimes distinguished from visual-only migraine aura without headache, also called ocular migraine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Several studies have investigated correlations between WMH and (1) migraine subtypes (migraine with aura vs. migraine without aura), (2) headache frequency, and (3) medication use ( 4 , 6 - 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Common migraine , also known as migraine without aura , is the most frequent type of migraine. (tagvault.org)
  • Unlike other types of migraines, common migraine does not have any warning signs or aura symptoms preceding the headache. (tagvault.org)
  • I often experience a common migraine without aura , and it can be incredibly debilitating. (tagvault.org)
  • Classic migraine , also known as migraine with aura , is a specific type of migraine that involves a set of symptoms occurring before or during the headache. (tagvault.org)
  • Visual disturbances, such as seeing bright lights or flashing dots, blind spots, or wavy lines, are common aura symptoms experienced by individuals with classic migraines. (tagvault.org)
  • Following the aura phase, individuals with classic migraines often experience a severe headache similar to that of a common migraine. (tagvault.org)
  • Unlike other types of migraines, classic migraines do have warning signs or aura symptoms that precede the headache, providing individuals with an opportunity to anticipate the onset and take necessary steps for management. (tagvault.org)
  • "The experience of an aura can be quite distressing, as it can interfere with daily activities and cause significant discomfort," says Dr. Jane Smith, a neurologist specializing in migraine treatment. (tagvault.org)
  • When it comes to managing classic migraines with aura, there are several approaches that individuals can consider. (tagvault.org)
  • Migraine categories from the International Headache Society (IHS) include childhood period syndromes, migrainous infarction, and migraines with or without aura. (medscape.com)
  • PFO has been found in patients suffering from migraine with aura with approximately the same frequency as that encountered in cryptogenic stroke patients. (who.int)
  • Recent reports showing that migraine with aura is dramatically improved after transcatheter closure of PFO suggest that migraine with aura may indeed be triggered by humoral factors that reach the brain by escaping the pulmonary filter. (who.int)
  • Approximately one third of sufferers experience migraine with aura, visual disturbances that manifest as flashing lights, zig-zag lines, or temporary vision loss. (medscape.com)
  • Migraine is a complex disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of headache, most often unilateral and in some cases associated with visual or sensory symptoms-collectively known as an aura-that arise most often before the head pain but that may occur during or afterward (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • Example of a visual migraine aura as described by a person who experiences migraines. (medscape.com)
  • Insomnia is also associated with conditions common among migraine sufferers, such as depression, anxiety, and medication side effects. (hmccentre.com)
  • Migraine sufferers are 8 to 10 times more likely to experience sleep problems. (hmccentre.com)
  • What are some tips for getting better sleep for migraine sufferers? (hmccentre.com)
  • Compared with the non-headache sufferers the researchers questioned, individuals with migraines were roughly three-to-four times more likely to have neck pain. (draaronriceblog.com)
  • Further analysis showed that migraine sufferers with concurrent neck pain reported more severe migraine symptoms, and the more disabling their neck pain, the worse their migraines. (draaronriceblog.com)
  • Studies have also shown that the presence of PTSD in those with migraine is associated with greater headache-related disability than in migraine sufferers without PTSD. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Therefore, physicians should consider screening migraine sufferers for PTSD, and men in particular. (sciencedaily.com)
  • TMJ Disorder or Chronic Migraines? (yorkvillesmiles.com)
  • Whether you are suffering from chronic migraines, jaw pain or popping and clicking in your jaw joints, it's time to call and schedule an appointment with Sturm & Associates. (yorkvillesmiles.com)
  • We discuss the role of the allied health professions in the management of chronic migraines, with chapters on psychological considerations, complementary medical management, and exercise. (novapublishers.com)
  • The prevention and treatment of acephalgic migraine is broadly the same as for classical migraine, but the symptoms are usually less severe than those of classic migraine, so treatment is less likely to be required. (wikipedia.org)
  • To highlight this relationship between the neck and migraines, a 2023 study looked at 295 migraine patients and found that more than half (51.9%) also had concurrent neck pain. (draaronriceblog.com)
  • Amitriptyline is efficacious for migraine prevention, but its unfavourable side effect profile limits its use. (nih.gov)
  • Melatonin 3 mg is better than placebo for migraine prevention, more tolerable than amitriptyline and as effective as amitriptyline 25 mg. (nih.gov)
  • What Migraine Prevention Medications Are Available? (healthline.com)
  • In this article, we'll discuss the different types of migraine prevention medications, pros and cons, and how they work. (healthline.com)
  • According to an updated 2021 consensus statement by the American Headache Society , there are several types of medications that have shown to be effective for migraine prevention. (healthline.com)
  • A few of these types of medications are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for migraine prevention (divalproex sodium, topiramate). (healthline.com)
  • Some others may also be used off-label for migraine prevention. (healthline.com)
  • Scientists aren't sure exactly how anticonvulsants work for migraine prevention, but it's thought that they calm overactive nerve signals in the brain. (healthline.com)
  • Anticonvulsant medications for migraine prevention are taken by mouth. (healthline.com)
  • Several are also used off-label for migraine prevention. (healthline.com)
  • Objectives: The study objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of homeopathic medicines for the prevention and treatment of migraine in children. (researchgate.net)
  • The aim of another study was to assess the efficacy of homeopathic remedies for the prevention and treatment of migraine in children [28] . (researchgate.net)
  • 2001 A highly prevalent disorder: 6 - 8% of men and 15 - 25% of women suffer from migraine (Pietrobon and Striessnig 2003 The lifetime incidence is 43% in women and 18% in men (Stewart et al. (sciencepop.org)
  • Migraine is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world, however research is severely underfunded. (migrainedisorders.org)
  • Hormone Disturbances in Migraine Disorder: A Meta-Analysis Overview Migraine, a prevalent cause of disability among young adults, displays a higher incidence in females and is often accompanied by stress-related disorders, hinting at a potential link with sex and stress-related hormonal mechanisms centered around the hypothalamus. (globalrph.com)
  • Chronic migraine is a condition which is both prevalent and disabling, and which has a great impact on society as a whole. (novapublishers.com)
  • Occasionally, patients with acephalgic migraine are misdiagnosed as having epilepsy with visual seizures, but the reverse misdiagnosis is more common. (wikipedia.org)
  • In her role as a pediatric clinician specializing in epilepsy, Dr. Knowles sees firsthand how this neurological disorder (actually a collection of several related but distinct diseases) is experienced and how it progresses. (mcknight.org)
  • Epilepsy is a chronic disorder of the brain that affects people worldwide and is characterized by recurrent seizures. (who.int)
  • draft intersectoral global action plan on epilepsy and other neurological disorders. (who.int)
  • The Association of Migraine Disorders is proud to present Research Is Hope as a source of funding for researchers dedicated to advancing migraine research. (migrainedisorders.org)
  • Molecular genetic overlap between migraine and major depressive disorder. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Migraine and major depressive disorder (MDD) are common brain disorders that frequently co-occur. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The study by researchers at the University of Michigan and other US institutions examined tissue taken from 55 'healthy' donated brains post-mortem and compared them with samples from 35 patients who had had a major depressive disorder. (progress.org.uk)
  • Within 2 months, his headache frequency declined from 18 to 24 headache days per month to 1, and he discontinued his preventive and abortive migraine medications. (nih.gov)
  • Also called acute treatments, abortive migraine medications help manage migraine symptoms as they occur. (healthline.com)
  • Vertigo, as well as chronic, nonspecific symptoms of vestibular system dysfunction, can be related to all forms of migraine. (medscape.com)
  • The role of genes in the more common forms of migraine is under study. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Studies by other groups have linked unusual forms of migraine to proteins involved in transporting ions across membranes. (mightynatural.com)
  • Consider that among those in the population who have one of the most severe forms of migraine-chronic migraine-less than 5% have seen a healthcare provider, received a diagnosis, and been given even basic care for the condition. (medscape.com)
  • If you suffer from migraines, you may have noticed that your migraine patterns are also closely linked to your sleep patterns. (hmccentre.com)
  • This is also the reason that sometimes doctors prescribe selective serotonin uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to individuals who suffer from migraines. (hmccentre.com)
  • According to research, the optimal duration of sleep for adults who suffer from migraines is 7-8 hours a night. (hmccentre.com)
  • It's estimated that about 38 million American adults suffer from migraines and nine-in-ten report that to some degree, migraines affect their ability to carry out their normal social, leisure, work, and everyday activities. (draaronriceblog.com)
  • If you suffer from migraines, especially if you also have neck pain or stiffness, consult your doctor of chiropractic. (draaronriceblog.com)
  • sometimes triggers or exacerbates migraine. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Unfortunately, there isn't a one-size-fits-all treatment for migraines as the condition is not well understood and management tends to focus on lifestyle modifications to avoid potential triggers for a patient's particular migraine profile. (draaronriceblog.com)
  • Your parents can even pass down migraine triggers like fatigue , bright lights, or weather changes. (webmd.com)
  • Some individuals, usually males, only experience acephalgic migraine, but frequently patients also experience migraine with headache. (wikipedia.org)
  • Previous research has suggested the clinical profile of individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) differs according to the presence or absence of comorbid migraine. (worc.ac.uk)
  • We aimed to determine the clinical characteristics that differentiate individuals with BD with and without comorbid migraine in a large, representative, clinically well-characterised UK sample. (worc.ac.uk)
  • The lifetime clinical characteristics of 1488 individuals with BD (BPI n=1120, BPII n=368) with and without comorbid migraine were compared (n=375 vs. n=1113 respectively). (worc.ac.uk)
  • Individuals with BD and comorbid migraine had a distinctive set of lifetime clinical characteristics. (worc.ac.uk)
  • A novel finding was that even after controlling for other differences, the individuals with BD and comorbid migraine were more likely to have a rapid cycling illness course (OR=1.888, p=0.002). (worc.ac.uk)
  • Comorbid migraine in BD may represent a more homogenous subtype of BD with an unstable rapid cycling course. (worc.ac.uk)
  • Identifying individuals with BD and comorbid migraine may be of use in a clinical setting and this subgroup could be the focus of future aetiological studies. (worc.ac.uk)
  • ICHD classification and diagnosis of migraine Goroll, Allan H. (wikipedia.org)
  • Laboratory and imaging studies are unnecessary for the diagnosis of migraine but may be indicated for the exclusion of other disorders. (medscape.com)
  • If you experience common migraines frequently or if they significantly affect your quality of life, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan. (tagvault.org)
  • The fundamentals of migraine diagnosis and workup are reviewed, in addition to conventional therapies. (novapublishers.com)
  • The diagnosis of migraine is based on patient history. (medscape.com)
  • Hyper- or normobaric oxygen therapy has valure in the treatment of migraine and cluster headache pain. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Notably, novel therapeutic approaches have honed in on targeting the CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) ligand or receptor, thereby reshaping the treatment paradigm for migraines and exhibiting efficacy in combatting cluster headache. (touchneurology.com)
  • The finding offers insight into the mechanisms of migraines and provides a new avenue for exploring treatment options. (mightynatural.com)
  • Some specialists have prescribed the use of antiplatelet treatments such as daily aspirin as a preventive treatment for certain patients with acephalgic migraines. (wikipedia.org)
  • The state-of-the-art methods for the abortive and prophylactic treatment of tension-type headache, migraine and cluster headache are reviewed. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Furthermore, the standard interventional treatment of migraines is presented, in addition to surgical therapies, with an emphasis on patient selection, surgical technique, and complication avoidance. (novapublishers.com)
  • Botulinum toxin injections can be used as a treatment for migraines and movement disorders. (uwhealth.org)
  • The authors suggest that further research investigating the sex differences in the association between PTSD and migraine is necessary to validate the sex differences found in their study, as well as to determine suitable treatment options in those migraineurs suffering with PTSD. (sciencedaily.com)
  • They are also used in the treatment of neuropathic pain, migraine and bipolar disorder. (who.int)
  • Leserman 2008 ), linking it with worse adherence to treatment and HIV outcomes, less work has been conducted examining the role of anxiety disorders in general, and panic disorder in particular. (cdc.gov)
  • They may be useful for the treatment of pain associated with MIGRAINE DISORDERS and OSTEOARTHRITIS. (bvsalud.org)
  • The American Headache Society released a list of 5 commonly performed tests or procedures that are not always necessary in the treatment of migraine and headache, as part of the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Foundation's Choosing Wisely campaign. (medscape.com)
  • Comparatively, the prevalence of Ménière disease (a peripheral vestibular disorder with symptoms overlapping that of migraine-associated vertigo) is estimated to be 0.2% of the US population. (medscape.com)
  • Electroacupuncture is one of several effective treatments for migraine pain symptoms. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • If you suffer from any of the above symptoms and haven't had any luck with migraine treatments or headache remedies, it could have something to do with your TMJ. (yorkvillesmiles.com)
  • People with migraines and comorbid mood disorders often need treatments that address both conditions, as well as management of sleep, stress, and lifestyle issues. (biblicalpsychiatry.com)
  • Our neurologists offer botulinum toxin treatments through our neurology, movement disorder and headache clinics. (uwhealth.org)
  • We report a case of a 60-year-old man who struggled with frequent migraines for 12.5 years, which were refractory to all conventional therapies. (nih.gov)
  • Keywords: CGRP PACAP migraine neuropeptides Migraine Clinical context of migraine Migraine is far more than just another a headache. (sciencepop.org)
  • Since the 19th century, repeated references have been made to the clinical association of migraine and dizziness. (medscape.com)
  • In total, 263 patients with migraine (31 men and232 women) enrolled in the American Registry for Migraine Research (ARMR) from Mayo Clinic Arizona and who had clinical brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included in this study. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, conflicting study results have made it difficult to interpret whether WMHs have clinical significance in migraine ( 1 , 3 , 4 , 7 , 9 - 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Don't recommend surgical deactivation of migraine trigger points outside of a clinical trial. (medscape.com)
  • Cross-sectional study design limits investigations of bidirectional associations between migraine and bipolar disorder. (worc.ac.uk)
  • The Connection Between 'Bipolar Disorder' and Migraine: Unraveling the History of. (madinamerica.com)
  • Mental, neurological and substance use disorders include common mental health conditions such as depressive and anxiety disorders, severe mental disorders including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and, common among children, conduct disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity and developmental disorders. (who.int)
  • Maternal Migraines And Associated Pediatric Cancers Overview Maternal migraines are seen to be associated with unfavorable birth outcomes such as congenital malformations in babies, preterm births and infant low birth weight. (globalrph.com)
  • It is important to note that headache and/or migraine disease may occur after having a stroke , d epending on the location and the severity of the stroke. (migrainedisorders.org)
  • Acephalgic migraines can occur in individuals of any age. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this paper, lead author B. Lee Peterlin and colleagues review the epidemiology of PTSD and migraine, underscoring the established sex differences. (sciencedaily.com)
  • There are very few data on the relationship between ToM and metacognition in children and adolescents with migraine and there is no study comparing these children with those with internalizing disorders. (uniroma1.it)
  • Some studies have showed an impairment of these abilities in children and adolescents with several disorders, such as anxiety, depression, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). (uniroma1.it)
  • Biofunctional and biomechanical disorders with oral structures, the temporomandibular joints that hinge the jaw, and muscular tension in the head and neck can contribute to migraine and tension headache symptoms. (advancedprostheticsinstitute.com)
  • These elements can all play an important factor or contribute to tension in the head and neck, which can exacerbate migraine and tension headache symptoms. (advancedprostheticsinstitute.com)
  • When given by our experienced neurologists, it might help treat several medical conditions, including migraines and movement disorders. (uwhealth.org)
  • Migraine is a neurologic disorder that often causes a strong headache. (webmd.com)
  • Migraine is a disabling neurologic condition that affects nearly 900 million people worldwide. (medscape.com)
  • Stress management strategies, such as exercise, relaxation techniques, and biofeedback, may reduce the number and severity of migraines. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These types of medications help lower your risk of having a migraine episode and the severity of symptoms. (healthline.com)
  • Other studies have demonstrated that addressing trigger points in the neck and other disorders in the cervical spine can result in reduced frequency, intensity, and duration of migraine episodes. (draaronriceblog.com)
  • Migraine is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of strong headache. (tagvault.org)
  • This is because migraine episodes can cause nasal symptoms as well, including runny nose, congestion, and pressure in the face. (healthline.com)
  • As "mediators of the inflammatory pathway," cytokines likely play a role in migraine episodes. (healthline.com)
  • Panic disorder (PD) is characterized by the misinterpretation of benign physical and cognitive sensations as serious and life-threatening (i.e., elevated heart rate, increased respiratory rate, loss of control), as well as anxious apprehension surrounding the possibility of future panic episodes ( Barlow 2002 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Thus comparisons between the actions of these two migraine-inducing neuropeptides CGRP and PACAP may provide LY335979 new insights into migraine pathophysiology. (sciencepop.org)
  • There are several types of medications available to both treat and help prevent severe migraine symptoms. (healthline.com)
  • everal tests suggested that the mutant mice had many characteristics akin to human migraines. (mightynatural.com)
  • Although the significance of WMHs in migraine continues to be a matter of debate with some studies indicating no differences in the prevalence of WMHs between individuals with migraine and healthy controls this study intended to investigate the presence and characteristics of WMHs in a large migraine cohort. (frontiersin.org)
  • There are several types of migraines, each with unique characteristics and symptoms. (tagvault.org)
  • Slides from the migraine presentation at the 2022 Movement Disorders+ Summit. (clinicaloptions.com)
  • A systematic review of 13 studies published in 2022 concluded that mobilization techniques, trigger point therapy, manual lymphatic drainage, massage, and stretching techniques are each effective interventions for migraine headache patients, especially when used in combination. (draaronriceblog.com)
  • Your doctor or pharmacist can tell you more about the form and dosage of your migraine medication. (healthline.com)
  • Migraine is thought to be a neurovascular pain syndrome with altered central neuronal processing (activation of brain stem nuclei, cortical hyperexcitability, and spreading cortical depression) and involvement of the trigeminovascular system (triggering neuropeptide release, which causes painful inflammation in cranial vessels and the dura mater). (msdmanuals.com)
  • There are several types of antidepressant medications used to treat depression and other mood disorders. (healthline.com)
  • If you have mood disorders with migraine, antidepressants may help both conditions. (healthline.com)
  • Secondary end points were responder rate, migraine intensity, duration and analgesic use. (nih.gov)
  • Subjects: Fifty-nine (59) physicians trained in the prescription of homeopathic medicines and 168 children, aged 5-15 years, with definite or probable migraine diagnosed using International Headache Society 2004 criteria were the subjects in this study. (researchgate.net)
  • Researchers believe that migraine has a genetic cause. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Researchers linked an abnormal gene to both a common type of migraine and a rare sleep disorder. (mightynatural.com)
  • Researchers think that REM sleep specifically is closely linked with migraines. (hmccentre.com)
  • There are also a number of factors that can trigger a migraine. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Storm fronts, changes in barometric pressure, strong winds, or changes in altitude can all trigger a migraine. (webmd.com)
  • White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are a common finding in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in people with migraine using T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences ( 1 - 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Four out of five people with migraine have other family members who get them. (webmd.com)
  • Current thinking is that a migraine likely starts when overactive nerve cells send out signals that trigger your trigeminal nerve, which gives sensation to your head and face. (webmd.com)
  • It is a complex and disabling neurological disorder (Goadsby et al. (sciencepop.org)
  • A study found a 50% higher rate of dementia among individuals with migraine than those without. (migrainedisorders.org)
  • Individuals who experience acephalgic migraines in childhood are highly likely to develop typical migraines as they grow older. (wikipedia.org)
  • A number of studies indicate that individuals with migraine have a higher likelihood of having WMHs ( 4 ) and there is evidence that women with migraine have a higher incidence of deep WMHs and show more rapid progression of WMHs relative to non-migraine controls ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • With the right approach, common migraines can be effectively managed, allowing individuals to regain control and live a fulfilling life. (tagvault.org)