Miller Fisher Syndrome
Polyradiculoneuropathy
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Ophthalmoplegia
Gangliosides
Reflex, Abnormal
Campylobacter jejuni
Gait Ataxia
Neurologic Examination
Immunoglobulin G
Encyclopedias as Topic
Muscle Weakness
Autonomic Nervous System
MedlinePlus
Peripheral Nerves
Distinct immunoglobulin class and immunoglobulin G subclass patterns against ganglioside GQ1b in Miller Fisher syndrome following different types of infection. (1/51)
We studied serum antibodies against gangliosides GQ1b and GM1 in 13 patients with Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) and in 18 patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) with cranial nerve involvement. Anti-GQ1b titers were elevated in all patients with MFS cases (immunoglobulin G [IgG] > IgA, IgM), and in 8 of the 18 with GBS. Lower frequencies of increased anti-GM1 titers were observed in MFS patients (3 of 13), as well as in GBS patients (5 of 18). During the course of MFS, anti-GQ1b titers of all Ig classes decreased within 3 weeks after onset. By contrast, anti-GM1 titers (mainly IgM) transiently increased during the course of MFS in five of six patients, suggesting a nonspecific secondary immune response. In patients with MFS following respiratory infections, IgG was the major anti-GQ1b Ig class (six of six patients) and IgG3 was the major subclass (five of six). In contrast, four of five patients with MFS following gastrointestinal infections showed predominance of anti-GQ1b IgA or IgM over IgG and predominance of the IgG2 subclass; anti-GQ1b IgG (IgG3) prevailed in one patient only. These distinct Ig patterns strongly suggest that different infections may trigger different mechanisms of anti-GQ1b production, such as via T-cell-dependent as opposed to T-cell-independent pathways. Thus, the origin of antibodies against GQ1b in MFS may be determined by the type of infectious agent that precipitates the disease. (+info)Bilateral ballism in a patient with overlapping Fisher's and Guillain-Barre syndromes. (2/51)
A 29 year old woman developed diplopia and ataxic gait. Neurological examination showed total ophthalmoplegia, cerebellar ataxia, and areflexia. Moreover, there was muscle weakness in all four limbs. An overlap of Fisher's and Guillain-Barre syndromes was dignosed. On day 5 she suddenly developed involuntary flinging movements that affected the face and four limbs. Surface EMG showed 1.5-2 Hz rhythmic grouping discharges. The involuntary movements were considered ballism. This is the first report of a patient with Guillain-Barre syndrome and a related disorder who showed ballism. (+info)IgG anti-GQ1b positive acute ataxia without ophthalmoplegia. (3/51)
IgG anti-GQ1b antibody was present in a patient with acute ataxia and areflexia without ophthalmoplegia or elementary sensory loss. Sensory nerve conduction studies and somatosensory evoked potentials were normal, but postural body sway analysis showed dysfunction of the proprioceptive afferent system. The clinical presentation and laboratory results for this patient resemble those of Miller Fisher syndrome, except for the lack of ophthalmoplegia. This case may represent part of an IgG anti-GQ1b syndrome. (+info)Cerebral infarction complicating intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in a patient with Miller Fisher syndrome. (4/51)
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy is being increasingly used in a wide range of neurological conditions. However, treatment is expensive and side effects may be severe. A patient with Miller Fisher syndrome who developed cortical blindness as a consequence of occipital infarction precipitated by IVIg is reported on. (+info)Molecular characterization of Campylobacter jejuni from patients with Guillain-Barre and Miller Fisher syndromes. (5/51)
Campylobacter jejuni has been identified as the predominant cause of antecedent infection in Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS). The risk of developing GBS or MFS may be higher after infection with specific C. jejuni types. To investigate the putative clonality, 18 GBS- or MFS-related C. jejuni strains from The Netherlands and Belgium and 17 control strains were analyzed by serotyping (Penner and Lior), restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR products of the flaA gene, amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. Serotyping revealed 10 different O serotypes and 7 different Lior serotypes, thereby indicating a lack of serotype clustering. Two new O serotypes, O:35 and O:13/65, not previously associated with GBS or MFS were found. Serotype O:19 was encountered in 2 of 18 strains, and none was of serotype O:41. The results of all genotypic methods also demonstrated substantial heterogeneity. No clustering of GBS- or MFS-related strains occurred and no molecular marker capable of separating pathogenic GBS or MFS from non-GBS- or non-MFS-related enteritis strains could be identified in this study. Sialic-acid-containing lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are thought to be involved in the triggering of GBS or MFS through molecular mimicry with gangliosides in human peripheral nerves. Therefore, further characterization of GBS- or MFS-related C. jejuni should target the genes involved in the synthesis of LPS and the incorporation of sialic acid. (+info)Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from chickens and from patients with gastroenteritis or Guillain-Barre or Miller Fisher syndrome. (6/51)
The high-resolution genotyping method of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was used to study the genetic relationships between Campylobacter jejuni strains infecting chickens (n = 54) and those causing gastroenteritis in humans (n = 53). In addition, C. jejuni strains associated with the development of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) (n = 14) and Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) (n = 4), two related acute paralytic syndromes in human, were included. Strains were isolated between 1989 and 1998 in The Netherlands. The AFLP banding patterns were analyzed with correlation-based and band-based similarity coefficients and UPGMA (unweighted pair group method using average linkages) cluster analysis. All C. jejuni strains showed highly heterogeneous fingerprints, and no fingerprints exclusive for chicken strains or for human strains were obtained. All strains were separated in two distinct genetic groups. In group A the percentage of human strains was significantly higher and may be an indication that genotypes of this group are more frequently associated with human diseases. We conclude that C. jejuni from chickens cannot be distinguished from human strains and that GBS or MFS related strains do not belong to a distinct genetic group. (+info)Anti-GQ1b IgG antibody syndrome: clinical and immunological range. (7/51)
OBJECTIVES: To clarify the nosological relation among Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) with ophthalmoplegia, Bickerstaff's brain stem encephalitis (BBE), and acute ophthalmoparesis without ataxia. Serum samples from patients with each condition often have anti-GQ1b IgG antibody. METHODS: Information on antecedent illness, initial symptoms, neurological signs during the illness, and CSF findings were reviewed in 194 patients with anti-GQ1b IgG. It was determined whether overlapping MFS and GBS (MFS/GBS), as well as overlapping BBE and GBS (BBE/GBS), is explained by the combined action of anti-GQ1b IgG and anti-GM1 or anti-GD1a IgG, serological markers of GBS. RESULTS: Based on the diagnostic criteria, all the patients with acute ophthalmoparesis, MFS, MFS/GBS, BBE/GBS, and BBE had external ophthalmoplegia; all the patients with MFS, MFS/GBS, or GBS had hyporeflexia or areflexia; and all those with MFS and BBE showed ataxia. Tendon reflexes were decreased or absent in 91% of those with BBE/GBS, 67% of those with BBE, and 53% of those with acute ophthalmoparesis. Ataxia was present in 68% of the patients with MFS/GBS and 45% of those with BBE/GBS. Antecedent illness caused by upper respiratory tract infection had occurred in 60% to 80% of these patients, and CSF albuminocytological dissociation in 25% to 75%. Anti-GM1 or anti-GD1a IgG was present in 50% of those with GBS, 35% of those with MFS/GBS, 27% of those with BBE/GBS, 16% of those with MFS, and 8% of those with BBE. CONCLUSIONS: These findings together with the common autoantibody (anti-GQ1b IgG) suggest that a common autoimmune mechanism functions in the pathogenesis of these illnesses. In a larger study, it was confirmed clinically that MFS, GBS, BBE, and acute ophthalmoparesis are closely related, forming a continuous range. This is supported by the immunological findings. The term "anti-GQ1b IgG antibody syndrome" is not intended to be used as a clinical diagnosis, but recognition of this syndrome is useful for understanding the aetiological relation among the various illnesses and for introducing the established treatments of GBS for use with other conditions. (+info)Guillain-Barre syndrome- and Miller Fisher syndrome-associated Campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharides induce anti-GM1 and anti-GQ1b Antibodies in rabbits. (8/51)
Campylobacter jejuni infections are thought to induce antiganglioside antibodies in patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) by molecular mimicry between C. jejuni lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and gangliosides. We used purified LPS fractions from five Campylobacter strains to induce antiganglioside responses in rabbits. The animals that received injections with LPS from GBS-associated strains developed anti-GM1 and anti-GA1 antibodies. Animals injected with LPS from one MFS-related C. jejuni strain produced anti-GQ1b antibodies. Rabbits that were injected with Penner O:3 LPS had a strong anti-LPS response, but no antiganglioside reactivity was observed. The antiganglioside specificity in the rabbits reflected the specificity in the patients from whom the strains were isolated. In conclusion, our results indicate that an immune response against GBS- and MFS-associated C. jejuni LPS results in antiganglioside antibodies. These results provide strong support for molecular mimicry as a mechanism in the induction of antiganglioside antibodies following infections. (+info)Miller Fisher Syndrome (MFS) is a rare neurological disorder that is considered a variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome. It is characterized by the triad of symptoms including ophthalmoplegia (paralysis of the eye muscles), ataxia (loss of coordination and balance), and areflexia (absence of reflexes). Some patients may also experience weakness or paralysis in the limbs, and some cases may involve bulbar symptoms such as dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) and dysarthria (slurred speech). The syndrome is caused by an immune response that damages the nerves, and it often follows a viral infection. Treatment typically includes supportive care, plasma exchange, or intravenous immunoglobulin therapy to help reduce the severity of the symptoms.
Polyradiculoneuropathy is a medical term that refers to a condition affecting multiple nerve roots and peripheral nerves. It's a type of neuropathy, which is damage or disease affecting the peripheral nerves, and it involves damage to the nerve roots as they exit the spinal cord.
The term "poly" means many, "radiculo" refers to the nerve root, and "neuropathy" indicates a disorder of the nerves. Therefore, polyradiculoneuropathy implies that multiple nerve roots and peripheral nerves are affected.
This condition can result from various causes, such as infections (like Guillain-Barre syndrome), autoimmune disorders (such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis), diabetes, cancer, or exposure to toxins. Symptoms may include weakness, numbness, tingling, or pain in the limbs, which can progress and become severe over time. Proper diagnosis and management are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing further nerve damage.
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nervous system, leading to muscle weakness, tingling sensations, and sometimes paralysis. The peripheral nervous system includes the nerves that control our movements and transmit signals from our skin, muscles, and joints to our brain.
The onset of GBS usually occurs after a viral or bacterial infection, such as respiratory or gastrointestinal infections, or following surgery, vaccinations, or other immune system triggers. The exact cause of the immune response that leads to GBS is not fully understood.
GBS typically progresses rapidly over days or weeks, with symptoms reaching their peak within 2-4 weeks after onset. Most people with GBS experience muscle weakness that starts in the lower limbs and spreads upward to the upper body, arms, and face. In severe cases, the diaphragm and chest muscles may become weakened, leading to difficulty breathing and requiring mechanical ventilation.
The diagnosis of GBS is based on clinical symptoms, nerve conduction studies, and sometimes cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Treatment typically involves supportive care, such as pain management, physical therapy, and respiratory support if necessary. In addition, plasma exchange (plasmapheresis) or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) may be used to reduce the severity of symptoms and speed up recovery.
While most people with GBS recover completely or with minimal residual symptoms, some may experience long-term disability or require ongoing medical care. The prognosis for GBS varies depending on the severity of the illness and the individual's age and overall health.
Ophthalmoplegia is a medical term that refers to the paralysis or weakness of the eye muscles, which can result in double vision (diplopia) or difficulty moving the eyes. It can be caused by various conditions, including nerve damage, muscle disorders, or neurological diseases such as myasthenia gravis or multiple sclerosis. Ophthalmoplegia can affect one or more eye muscles and can be partial or complete. Depending on the underlying cause, ophthalmoplegia may be treatable with medications, surgery, or other interventions.
Gangliosides are a type of complex lipid molecule known as sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids. They are predominantly found in the outer leaflet of the cell membrane, particularly in the nervous system. Gangliosides play crucial roles in various biological processes, including cell recognition, signal transduction, and cell adhesion. They are especially abundant in the ganglia (nerve cell clusters) of the peripheral and central nervous systems, hence their name.
Gangliosides consist of a hydrophobic ceramide portion and a hydrophilic oligosaccharide chain that contains one or more sialic acid residues. The composition and structure of these oligosaccharide chains can vary significantly among different gangliosides, leading to the classification of various subtypes, such as GM1, GD1a, GD1b, GT1b, and GQ1b.
Abnormalities in ganglioside metabolism or expression have been implicated in several neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and various lysosomal storage diseases like Tay-Sachs and Gaucher's diseases. Additionally, certain bacterial toxins, such as botulinum neurotoxin and tetanus toxin, target gangliosides to gain entry into neuronal cells, causing their toxic effects.
An abnormal reflex in a medical context refers to an involuntary and exaggerated response or lack of response to a stimulus that is not expected in the normal physiological range. These responses can be indicative of underlying neurological disorders or damage to the nervous system. Examples include hyperreflexia (overactive reflexes) and hyporeflexia (underactive reflexes). The assessment of reflexes is an important part of a physical examination, as it can provide valuable information about the functioning of the nervous system.
'Campylobacter jejuni' is a gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacterium that is a common cause of foodborne illness worldwide. It is often found in the intestines of warm-blooded animals, including birds and mammals, and can be transmitted to humans through contaminated food or water.
The bacteria are capable of causing an infection known as campylobacteriosis, which is characterized by symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever, and vomiting. In severe cases, the infection can spread to the bloodstream and cause serious complications, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems.
'Campylobacter jejuni' is one of the most common causes of foodborne illness in the United States, with an estimated 1.3 million cases occurring each year. It is often found in undercooked poultry and raw or unpasteurized milk products, as well as in contaminated water supplies. Proper cooking and pasteurization can help reduce the risk of infection, as can good hygiene practices such as washing hands thoroughly after handling raw meat and vegetables.
Gait ataxia is a type of ataxia, which refers to a lack of coordination or stability, specifically involving walking or gait. It is characterized by an unsteady, uncoordinated, and typically wide-based gait pattern. This occurs due to dysfunction in the cerebellum or its connecting pathways, responsible for maintaining balance and coordinating muscle movements.
In gait ataxia, individuals often have difficulty with controlling the rhythm and pace of their steps, tend to veer or stagger off course, and may display a reeling or stumbling motion while walking. They might also have trouble performing rapid alternating movements like quickly tapping their foot or heel. These symptoms are usually worse when the person is tired or attempting to walk in the dark.
Gait ataxia can be caused by various underlying conditions, including degenerative neurological disorders (e.g., cerebellar atrophy, multiple sclerosis), stroke, brain injury, infection (e.g., alcoholism, HIV), or exposure to certain toxins. Proper diagnosis and identification of the underlying cause are essential for effective treatment and management of gait ataxia.
Campylobacter infections are illnesses caused by the bacterium *Campylobacter jejuni* or other species of the genus *Campylobacter*. These bacteria are commonly found in the intestines of animals, particularly birds, and can be transmitted to humans through contaminated food, water, or contact with infected animals.
The most common symptom of Campylobacter infection is diarrhea, which can range from mild to severe and may be bloody. Other symptoms may include abdominal cramps, fever, nausea, and vomiting. The illness usually lasts about a week, but in some cases, it can lead to serious complications such as bacteremia (bacteria in the bloodstream), meningitis, or Guillain-Barré syndrome, a neurological disorder that can cause muscle weakness and paralysis.
Campylobacter infections are typically treated with antibiotics, but in mild cases, they may resolve on their own without treatment. Prevention measures include cooking meat thoroughly, washing hands and surfaces that come into contact with raw meat, avoiding unpasteurized dairy products and untreated water, and handling pets, particularly birds and reptiles, with care.
A neurological examination is a series of tests used to evaluate the functioning of the nervous system, including both the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (the nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body). It is typically performed by a healthcare professional such as a neurologist or a primary care physician with specialized training in neurology.
During a neurological examination, the healthcare provider will assess various aspects of neurological function, including:
1. Mental status: This involves evaluating a person's level of consciousness, orientation, memory, and cognitive abilities.
2. Cranial nerves: There are 12 cranial nerves that control functions such as vision, hearing, smell, taste, and movement of the face and neck. The healthcare provider will test each of these nerves to ensure they are functioning properly.
3. Motor function: This involves assessing muscle strength, tone, coordination, and reflexes. The healthcare provider may ask the person to perform certain movements or tasks to evaluate these functions.
4. Sensory function: The healthcare provider will test a person's ability to feel different types of sensations, such as touch, pain, temperature, vibration, and proprioception (the sense of where your body is in space).
5. Coordination and balance: The healthcare provider may assess a person's ability to perform coordinated movements, such as touching their finger to their nose or walking heel-to-toe.
6. Reflexes: The healthcare provider will test various reflexes throughout the body using a reflex hammer.
The results of a neurological examination can help healthcare providers diagnose and monitor conditions that affect the nervous system, such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, or peripheral neuropathy.
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody, which is a protective protein produced by the immune system in response to foreign substances like bacteria or viruses. IgG is the most abundant type of antibody in human blood, making up about 75-80% of all antibodies. It is found in all body fluids and plays a crucial role in fighting infections caused by bacteria, viruses, and toxins.
IgG has several important functions:
1. Neutralization: IgG can bind to the surface of bacteria or viruses, preventing them from attaching to and infecting human cells.
2. Opsonization: IgG coats the surface of pathogens, making them more recognizable and easier for immune cells like neutrophils and macrophages to phagocytose (engulf and destroy) them.
3. Complement activation: IgG can activate the complement system, a group of proteins that work together to help eliminate pathogens from the body. Activation of the complement system leads to the formation of the membrane attack complex, which creates holes in the cell membranes of bacteria, leading to their lysis (destruction).
4. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC): IgG can bind to immune cells like natural killer (NK) cells and trigger them to release substances that cause target cells (such as virus-infected or cancerous cells) to undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death).
5. Immune complex formation: IgG can form immune complexes with antigens, which can then be removed from the body through various mechanisms, such as phagocytosis by immune cells or excretion in urine.
IgG is a critical component of adaptive immunity and provides long-lasting protection against reinfection with many pathogens. It has four subclasses (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) that differ in their structure, function, and distribution in the body.
A syndrome, in medical terms, is a set of symptoms that collectively indicate or characterize a disease, disorder, or underlying pathological process. It's essentially a collection of signs and/or symptoms that frequently occur together and can suggest a particular cause or condition, even though the exact physiological mechanisms might not be fully understood.
For example, Down syndrome is characterized by specific physical features, cognitive delays, and other developmental issues resulting from an extra copy of chromosome 21. Similarly, metabolic syndromes like diabetes mellitus type 2 involve a group of risk factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels that collectively increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.
It's important to note that a syndrome is not a specific diagnosis; rather, it's a pattern of symptoms that can help guide further diagnostic evaluation and management.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
Muscle weakness is a condition in which muscles cannot develop the expected level of physical force or power. This results in reduced muscle function and can be caused by various factors, including nerve damage, muscle diseases, or hormonal imbalances. Muscle weakness may manifest as difficulty lifting objects, maintaining posture, or performing daily activities. It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment of muscle weakness.
The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is a part of the peripheral nervous system that operates largely below the level of consciousness and controls visceral functions. It is divided into two main subdivisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which generally have opposing effects and maintain homeostasis in the body.
The Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) prepares the body for stressful or emergency situations, often referred to as the "fight or flight" response. It increases heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and metabolic rate, while also decreasing digestive activity. This response helps the body respond quickly to perceived threats.
The Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS), on the other hand, promotes the "rest and digest" state, allowing the body to conserve energy and restore itself after the stress response has subsided. It decreases heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate, while increasing digestive activity and promoting relaxation.
These two systems work together to maintain balance in the body by adjusting various functions based on internal and external demands. Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System can lead to a variety of symptoms, such as orthostatic hypotension, gastroparesis, and cardiac arrhythmias, among others.
MedlinePlus is not a medical term, but rather a consumer health website that provides high-quality, accurate, and reliable health information, written in easy-to-understand language. It is produced by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, the world's largest medical library, and is widely recognized as a trusted source of health information.
MedlinePlus offers information on various health topics, including conditions, diseases, tests, treatments, and wellness. It also provides access to drug information, medical dictionary, and encyclopedia, as well as links to clinical trials, medical news, and patient organizations. The website is available in both English and Spanish and can be accessed for free.
Peripheral nerves are nerve fibers that transmit signals between the central nervous system (CNS, consisting of the brain and spinal cord) and the rest of the body. These nerves convey motor, sensory, and autonomic information, enabling us to move, feel, and respond to changes in our environment. They form a complex network that extends from the CNS to muscles, glands, skin, and internal organs, allowing for coordinated responses and functions throughout the body. Damage or injury to peripheral nerves can result in various neurological symptoms, such as numbness, weakness, or pain, depending on the type and severity of the damage.
Breakthrough pain is a type of pain that "breaks through" around-the-clock (continuous) pain management in patients with chronic pain conditions. It is often described as a sudden, intense burst of pain that occurs despite the use of pain medications. Breakthrough pain can be caused by a variety of factors, including the progression of the underlying disease, changes in position, or activities such as coughing or walking. It is typically treated with short-acting pain medications that provide rapid, but temporary, relief. Effective management of breakthrough pain often requires a multidisciplinary approach and close communication between patients, healthcare providers, and caregivers.
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Variant12
- Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) is characterized by the clinical triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia, and is considered a variant form of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). (neurology.org)
- Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and its variant, Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) have several subtypes, together forming a continuous spectrum of discrete and overlapping syndromes. (bmj.com)
- In the Miller Fisher variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome (see below), a triad of weakness of the eye muscles, abnormalities in coordination, as well as absent reflexes can be found. (wikipedia.org)
- Patients with an overlap of the pharyngeal-cervical-brachial variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome and Miller Fisher syndrome (PCB/MFS) have rarely been reported. (bezmialem.edu.tr)
- A diagnosis of Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), a variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome, was considered, and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin was begun. (cdc.gov)
- Anti-ganglioside IgGQ1b antibodies are typically associated with a Miller-Fisher variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome and Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis. (nel.edu)
- The Miller Fisher Syndrome, a variant of GBS, can also be associated with a previous Campylobacter infection. (marlerclark.com)
- The Miller Fisher variant of GBS is thought to be caused by antibodies that cross react with Campylobacter lipopolysaccharide and ganglioside GQib in cranial nerve myelin. (marlerclark.com)
- A poster with the title "Miller Fisher syndrome: a variant of Guillain Barre Syndrome", was presented in the Academy of Optometry 1996 meeting in Orlando, Florida. (inter.edu)
- Background: Miller Fisher Syndrome is a variant of Guillain-Barre Syndrome, classically characterized by the triad of ataxia, areflexia and ophthalmoplegia. (jcpres.com)
- Miller-Fisher Syndrome After Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine Was this patient's development of Miller-Fisher syndrome, a variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome, a complication of receiving the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccination? (medscape.com)
- Three participants in the intervention group of the Phase 3 trial were reported to have inflammatory neurologic events within 42 days after vaccination (one case of Guillain-Barré syndrome [GBS], one case of Miller Fisher syndrome [a GBS variant], and one case of undifferentiated motor-sensory axonal polyneuropathy with worsening of pre-existing symptoms), compared with zero participants in the placebo group. (bvsalud.org)
Exact cause of Guillain-Barre sy1
- The exact cause of Guillain-Barre syndrome is unknown. (middlesexhealth.org)
Pharyngeal-cervical-brachial1
- These include acute ophthalmoparesis and acute ataxic neuropathy, which represent the less extensive spectrum of the disease whereas pharyngeal-cervical-brachial weakness and Fisher syndrome overlap with Guillain-Barré syndrome represent the more extensive end of the spectrum. (nih.gov)
Ophthalmoplegia1
- In the 1950s, Bickerstaff and Fisher independently described cases with a unique presentation of ophthalmoplegia and ataxia. (nih.gov)
Weakness8
- Patterns of weakness in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and Miller Fisher syndrome and their subtypes. (bmj.com)
- Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rapid-onset muscle weakness caused by the immune system damaging the peripheral nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
- A quarter of all people with Guillain-Barré syndrome develop weakness of the breathing muscles leading to respiratory failure, the inability to breathe adequately to maintain healthy levels of oxygen, and/or carbon dioxide in the blood. (wikipedia.org)
- Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) can be described as a collection of clinical syndromes that manifests as an acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy with resultant weakness and diminished reflexes. (medscape.com)
- Guillain-Barre syndrome often begins with tingling and weakness starting in your feet and legs and spreading to your upper body and arms. (middlesexhealth.org)
- As Guillain-Barre syndrome progresses, muscle weakness can turn into paralysis. (middlesexhealth.org)
- People with Guillain-Barre syndrome usually experience their most significant weakness within two weeks after symptoms begin. (middlesexhealth.org)
- Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acute, usually rapidly progressive but self-limited inflammatory polyneuropathy characterized by muscular weakness and mild distal sensory loss. (msdmanuals.com)
Idiopathic polyneuritis1
- The Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS), also known as acute idiopathic polyneuritis, is a critical acquired condition associated with preceding nonspecific infection or triggering factors like trauma, surgery, or vaccination. (biomedcentral.com)
Brainstem encephalitis4
- In the cases with Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis, there was associated altered consciousness and in some, hyperreflexia, in support of a central pathology whereas in Fisher syndrome, patients were areflexic in keeping with a peripheral aetiology. (nih.gov)
- The discovery of immunoglobulin G anti-GQ1b antibodies in patients with Fisher syndrome and later in Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis was crucial in providing the necessary evidence to conclude that both conditions were in fact part of the same spectrum of disease by virtue of their common clinical and immunological profiles. (nih.gov)
- In this review, we look back at the historical descriptions and describe how our understanding of Fisher syndrome and Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis has evolved from their initial descriptions more than half a century ago. (nih.gov)
- The level of consciousness is normally unaffected in Guillain-Barré syndrome, but the Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis subtype may feature drowsiness, sleepiness, or coma. (wikipedia.org)
Headache4
- It is not a disease but a syndrome that is characterized by paroxysmal headache associated with other signs and symptoms. (medscape.com)
- These syndromes should also be differentiated from other primary headache disorders, such as stabbing headache, thunderclap headaches, hypnic headaches and hemicrania continua, and primary headache syndromes associated with physical activity (eg, exertional headaches, cough headaches, and headaches associated with sexual activity). (medscape.com)
- Even though this diagnosis is not used in modern medicine, it is still considered to be important because it helps identify a crucial feature that separates the cervicogenic headaches for other syndromes of headache. (thefrisky.com)
- Several neurological complications affecting the central and peripheral nervous system were described secondary to COVID‑19 infection such as hyposmia, headache, nausea, impaired consciousness, psychosis, neurocognitive syndromes and even cerebrovascular accidents. (spandidos-publications.com)
Polyradiculoneuropathy1
- Botulism is frequently misdiagnosed, most often as a polyradiculoneuropathy (Guillain-Barré or Miller-Fisher syndrome), myasthenia gravis, or other diseases of the central nervous system. (cdc.gov)
Campylobacter3
- In June 2011, a cluster of suspected cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), which can follow Campylobacter jejuni infection, was identified in San Luis Río Colorado (SLRC), Sonora, Mexico and Yuma County, Arizona, USA. (cambridge.org)
- However, according to the CDC, outbreaks of associated pathogenic viruses and bacteria, including Campylobacter , can lead to clusters of people with Guillain-Barré syndrome. (marlerclark.com)
- Recent studies have shown evidence linking infectious diarrheal syndromes with other functional gastrointestinal disorders such as functional dyspepsia (indigestion), including Campylobacter . (marlerclark.com)
Disorder5
- Guillain-Barre syndrome is a rare disorder that causes your immune system to attack your peripheral nervous system (PNS). (medlineplus.gov)
- When it comes to Bucy's contribution to this field of medicine, his most prominent achievement is his role in describing the Klüver -Bucy syndrome, a behavioral disorder. (thefrisky.com)
- Guillain-Barre (gee-YAH-buh-RAY) syndrome is a rare disorder in which your body's immune system attacks your nerves. (middlesexhealth.org)
- But as Jake and Burton thrived in the new century, he battled two very serious health problems: Miller Fisher Syndrome, a rare nerve disorder, as well as cancer, which ultimately claimed his life in 2019. (burton.com)
- In about two thirds of patients, Guillain-Barré syndrome begins 5 days to 3 weeks after a banal infectious disorder, surgery, or vaccination. (msdmanuals.com)
Diagnosis2
- Recognition of the features associated with velocardiofacial syndrome allows for an inclusive diagnosis and more comprehensive care. (researchgate.net)
- However, many conditions can mask the presentation of Miller Fisher Syndrome, potentially leading to grave consequences due to delayed diagnosis or even misdiagnosis. (jcpres.com)
Headaches1
- Migraine variants should be differentiated from trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, which include cluster headaches, paroxysmal hemicrania, and syndrome of neuralgiform conjunctival injection and tearing. (medscape.com)
Zika Virus1
- In Salvador, Brazil, outbreaks of acute exanthematous illness (AEI) attributed to Zika virus, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), and microcephaly occurred in 2015. (cdc.gov)
Infectious2
- The main recognized sequelae are Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), reactive arthritis (REA), and post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (P-IBS). (marlerclark.com)
- Infectious gastroenteritis is one of the major predisposing factors for the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). (marlerclark.com)
Infection6
- Many people with Guillain-Barré syndrome have experienced the signs and symptoms of an infection in the 3-6 weeks before the onset of the neurological symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
- Guillain-Barre syndrome may occur after infection with the COVID-19 virus. (middlesexhealth.org)
- Guillain‑Barré syndrome is a heterogeneous disease that frequently follows a bacterial or viral infection. (spandidos-publications.com)
- During the ongoing SARS‑CoV‑2 pandemic, several isolated case reports and case series have suggested an association between this viral infection and the occurrence of Guillain‑Barré syndrome. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Successive case reports describing the association between Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and SARS-CoV-2 infection have raised the issue of a possible link between the two. (spandidos-publications.com)
- While the full aetiology of Guillain-Barré Syndrome is not fully understood, two-thirds of patients who develop GBS have a recent history of either an upper respiratory tract infection or gastroenteritis . (geekymedics.com)
Clinical features2
- Article abstract- The authors reviewed the clinical features and outcome of Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) for 50 consecutive patients with MFS including 28 patients who received no immunotherapy. (neurology.org)
- Classification of GBS into different groups of syndromes is based on clinical features and electrodiagnostic criteria [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Disorders3
- Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an umbrella term describing a heterogeneous group of related disorders, including Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) and GBS subtypes ( box 1 ). (bmj.com)
- Here, we review the most important differential diagnoses ( Mimics ) for patients presenting with acute flaccid paralysis and brainstem syndromes and highlight some of the more unusual presentations ( Chameleons ) of GBS-related disorders. (bmj.com)
- Velocardiofacial syndrome, also called Shprintzen syndrome or DiGeorge sequence, is one of the most common genetic disorders in humans. (researchgate.net)
Occurrence1
- He presented a communication about the first twin occurrence of Miller Fisher Syndrome. (childneurologysociety.org)
Nerve1
- Previously, a similar clinical syndrome has been reported as being caused by inflammatory demyelination of peripheral nerve fibres. (biomedcentral.com)
Autoimmune condition2
- The Guillain- Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an acquired autoimmune condition involving the peripheral nervous system. (biomedcentral.com)
- Guillain-Barré Syndrome is considered to be an autoimmune condition . (geekymedics.com)
Severe5
- In its most severe form Guillain-Barre syndrome is a medical emergency. (middlesexhealth.org)
- Although most people recover completely from Guillain-Barre syndrome, some severe cases can be fatal. (middlesexhealth.org)
- The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can present neurological symptoms and induce neurological complications. (eurekaselect.com)
- The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic constitutes a persistent threat caused by the novel single-stranded RNA β coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2). (spandidos-publications.com)
- Neurological manifestations were among the last identified, as initial attention focused on the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and digestive symptoms, with the virus appearing, initially, to spare the nervous system. (spandidos-publications.com)
Antibody4
- Additional lab testing included antithyroperoxidase (TPO) antibody, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) level, a myasthenia gravis panel, a de-myelinating disease panel, and a panel for anti-GQ1b syndromes. (aao.org)
- A case of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I with strong positive GAD antibody titer, followed up with glucose tolerance measured by oral glucose tolerance test. (nel.edu)
- GAD antibody positivity is common in not only type 1 diabetes, but also APS I and stiff-person syndrome (SPS). (nel.edu)
- Murakami R, Kawai T, Meguro S, Hayashi M, Itoh H. A case of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I with strong positive GAD antibody titer, followed up with glucose tolerance measured by oral glucose tolerance test. (nel.edu)
Immune3
- In Guillain-Barre syndrome, your immune system - which usually attacks only invading organisms - begins attacking the nerves. (middlesexhealth.org)
- The main mechanism of Guillain‑Barré syndrome is probably post‑viral dysregulation of the immune system generated by SARS‑CoV‑2. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Adverse effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors include a syndrome that resembles Guillain-Barré syndrome. (msdmanuals.com)
Numbness1
- The first symptoms of Guillain-Barré syndrome are numbness, tingling, and pain, alone or in combination. (wikipedia.org)
Peripheral nerves1
- The demyelinating form of Guillain-Barre syndrome destroys the protective covering of the peripheral nerves (myelin sheath), preventing the nerves from transmitting signals to the brain. (middlesexhealth.org)
Spectrum1
- 4 GBS and MFS have been subclassified into several subtypes, which together form a continuous spectrum of discrete and overlapping syndromes, affecting the cranial nerves and the limbs ( figure 1 ). (bmj.com)
Rarely1
- Rarely, recent surgery or vaccination can trigger Guillain-Barre syndrome. (middlesexhealth.org)
Anterior1
- anterior interosseus syndrome Usual that sensory findings are abnormal while motor is preserved I CTS. (slideshare.net)
Disease1
- The clinical characteristics and disease evolution seem to be similar to those observed in Guillain‑Barré syndrome secondary to other etiologies. (spandidos-publications.com)
Rare1
- Guillain-Barré syndrome is rare, at 1 or 2 cases per 100,000 people every year. (wikipedia.org)
Absence1
- A 13-year-old boy with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome characterized by absence, myoclonic, complex-partial, and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures, presents with progressive obtundation and loss of motor and verbal skills over a 2-day period. (researchgate.net)
Describe1
- Case Report: We describe a case of Miller Fisher Syndrome mimicking acute sphenoid sinusitis with intracranial com-plications in an otherwise healthy 19-year-old man. (jcpres.com)
Children2
Case Report1
- Pyoderma Gangrenosum in a Patient With Dubowitz Syndrome This case report describes the presentation of pyoderma gangrenosum in a patient with Dubowitz syndrome. (medscape.com)
Features1
- A majority of his features were suggestive of Joubert syndrome--although it was felt that he did not fully meet diagnostic criteria. (researchgate.net)
Form2
- Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is the most common form of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) worldwide, with an estimated annual incidence of 1-2 cases/100 000 people in Western countries [ Reference Sejvar 1 ]. (cambridge.org)
- In 1956, he worked on identifying a form of the above-mentioned Guillain-Barré syndrome, which is today known by the name of Miller Fisher syndrome. (thefrisky.com)
Treatment1
- A few years later, she presented with hypoparathyroidism and was diagnosed with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I (APS I), and treatment with calcium and alfacalcidol was started. (nel.edu)
Review2
- Miller Fisher syndrome: an updated narrative review. (qxmd.com)
- The aim of the present review is to summarize the relevant literature regarding SARS‑CoV‑2‑related Guillain‑Barré syndrome. (spandidos-publications.com)
Common2
- With an incidence of about 1.5 per 100.000 citizen, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis in the western hemisphere and probably worldwide [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Guillain-Barré syndrome is the most common acquired inflammatory neuropathy. (msdmanuals.com)