A noninflammatory, progressive occlusion of the intracranial CAROTID ARTERIES and the formation of netlike collateral arteries arising from the CIRCLE OF WILLIS. Cerebral angiogram shows the puff-of-smoke (moyamoya) collaterals at the base of the brain. It is characterized by endothelial HYPERPLASIA and FIBROSIS with thickening of arterial walls. This disease primarily affects children but can also occur in adults.
Microsurgical revascularization to improve intracranial circulation. It usually involves joining the extracranial circulation to the intracranial circulation but may include extracranial revascularization (e.g., subclavian-vertebral artery bypass, subclavian-external carotid artery bypass). It is performed by joining two arteries (direct anastomosis or use of graft) or by free autologous transplantation of highly vascularized tissue to the surface of the brain.
Radiography of the vascular system of the brain after injection of a contrast medium.
Arteries which supply the dura mater.
Arteries arising from the external carotid or the maxillary artery and distributing to the temporal region.
The arterial blood vessels supplying the CEREBRUM.
Non-invasive method of vascular imaging and determination of internal anatomy without injection of contrast media or radiation exposure. The technique is used especially in CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY as well as for studies of other vascular structures.
The three membranes that cover the BRAIN and the SPINAL CORD. They are the dura mater, the arachnoid, and the pia mater.
Branch of the common carotid artery which supplies the anterior part of the brain, the eye and its appendages, the forehead and nose.
Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.
The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS of the BRAIN.
A method of computed tomography that uses radionuclides which emit a single photon of a given energy. The camera is rotated 180 or 360 degrees around the patient to capture images at multiple positions along the arc. The computer is then used to reconstruct the transaxial, sagittal, and coronal images from the 3-dimensional distribution of radionuclides in the organ. The advantages of SPECT are that it can be used to observe biochemical and physiological processes as well as size and volume of the organ. The disadvantage is that, unlike positron-emission tomography where the positron-electron annihilation results in the emission of 2 photons at 180 degrees from each other, SPECT requires physical collimation to line up the photons, which results in the loss of many available photons and hence degrades the image.
The largest of the cerebral arteries. It trifurcates into temporal, frontal, and parietal branches supplying blood to most of the parenchyma of these lobes in the CEREBRAL CORTEX. These are the areas involved in motor, sensory, and speech activities.
A polygonal anastomosis at the base of the brain formed by the internal carotid (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL), proximal parts of the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries (ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), the anterior communicating artery and the posterior communicating arteries.
Artery formed by the bifurcation of the BASILAR ARTERY. Branches of the posterior cerebral artery supply portions of the OCCIPITAL LOBE; PARIETAL LOBE; inferior temporal gyrus, brainstem, and CHOROID PLEXUS.
Abnormal sensitivity to light. This may occur as a manifestation of EYE DISEASES; MIGRAINE; SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE; MENINGITIS; and other disorders. Photophobia may also occur in association with DEPRESSION and other MENTAL DISORDERS.
Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.
Maintenance of blood flow to an organ despite obstruction of a principal vessel. Blood flow is maintained through small vessels.
Surgical union or shunt between ducts, tubes or vessels. It may be end-to-end, end-to-side, side-to-end, or side-to-side.
Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)
The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).
Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces.
A method of delineating blood vessels by subtracting a tissue background image from an image of tissue plus intravascular contrast material that attenuates the X-ray photons. The background image is determined from a digitized image taken a few moments before injection of the contrast material. The resulting angiogram is a high-contrast image of the vessel. This subtraction technique allows extraction of a high-intensity signal from the superimposed background information. The image is thus the result of the differential absorption of X-rays by different tissues.
Surgery performed on the nervous system or its parts.
Branch of the common carotid artery which supplies the exterior of the head, the face, and the greater part of the neck.
Surgery performed on the heart.
A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.
Diversion of the flow of blood from the entrance of the right atrium directly to the aorta (or femoral artery) via an oxygenator thus bypassing both the heart and lungs.
A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "India" is not a medical term that can be defined in a medical context. It is a geographical location, referring to the Republic of India, a country in South Asia. If you have any questions related to medical topics or definitions, I would be happy to help with those!
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.
Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.
Loss of the ability to maintain awareness of self and environment combined with markedly reduced responsiveness to environmental stimuli. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp344-5)
A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).
Pathological processes of the ear, the nose, and the throat, also known as the ENT diseases.

Cylindrical or T-shaped silicone rubber stents for microanastomosis--technical note. (1/313)

The ostium of the recipient artery and the orifice of the donor artery must be clearly visualized for the establishment of microvascular anastomosis. Specially designed colored flexible cylindrical or T-shaped silicone rubber stents were made in various sizes (400 or 500 microns diameter and 5 mm length) and applied to bypass surgery in patients with occlusive cerebrovascular disease such as moyamoya disease and internal carotid artery occlusion. The colored flexible stents facilitated confirmation of the ostium of the artery even in patients with moyamoya disease and allowed precise microvascular anastomosis without problems caused by the stent.  (+info)

The relationship between cerebral infarction and angiographic characteristics in childhood moyamoya disease. (2/313)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In childhood-onset moyamoya disease, the angiographic disease process of stenoocclusive lesions is progressive, and cerebral infarctions often develop as a result of ischemia. Our purpose was to determine how the severity of stenoocclusive lesions in the anterior and posterior circulations affects the distribution of cerebral infarction in patients with childhood-onset moyamoya disease. METHODS: In 69 patients with childhood-onset moyamoya disease, angiograms were reviewed for stenoocclusive lesions, and CT scans, MR images, or both were reviewed for the sites and extent of cerebral infarction. The relationship between the angiographic and CT/MR findings was examined. RESULTS: The prevalence and degree of stenoocclusive lesions of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) significantly correlated with the extent of lesions around the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA). The prevalence of infarction significantly correlated with the degree of stenoocclusive changes of both the ICA and PCA. Infarctions tended to be distributed in the anterior borderzone in less-advanced cases, while in more advanced cases lesions were additionally found posteriorly in the territory of the middle cerebral artery, the posterior borderzone, and the PCA territory. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that progressive changes of the anterior and posterior circulations are associated with the distribution of cerebral infarction, culminating in a patchily disseminated or honeycomb pattern of infarction on CT and MR studies in late stages of the disease.  (+info)

Direct anastomotic bypass for cerebrovascular moyamoya disease. (3/313)

Therapeutic result and pitfalls in the surgical treatment of cerebrovascular moyamoya disease are evaluated. During the recent 15 years, 268 patients with moyamoya disease have been treated in our clinic. Among them, 238 patients showed ischemic symptoms. Superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery anastomoses combined with temporal muscle grafting (encephalo-myo-synangiosis) were performed for most of the cases. Complete remission and clinical improvement were obtained in 34.0% and 64.2% of the patients, respectively. Symptomatic aggravation due to ischemic complication followed the operation in five patients (1.9%). Normocapnic control during general anesthesia with sufficient hydration is essential to avoid perioperative ischemic complications. Omental graft was performed in 16 patients. In 13 patients, omental graft was performed for the progressing ischemia in the posterior cerebral artery or anterior cerebral artery distribution. In the other three patients, omental graft was used for marked brain atrophy.  (+info)

An indirect revascularization method in the surgical treatment of moyamoya disease--various kinds of indirect procedures and a multiple combined indirect procedure. (4/313)

The indirect non-anastomotic bypass procedures for moyamoya disease are herein reviewed, and our multiple combined indirect procedure, i.e. a fronto-parieto-temporal combined indirect bypass procedure, is also introduced. Direct procedures such as superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery anastomosis are able to form collaterals with a high reliability, but these procedures are often difficult to technically perform in small children, and complications, when they occur, tend to be severe. Indirect procedures, such as encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis (EDAS), encephalo-myo-synangiosis (EMS), and encephalo-myo-arterio-synangiosis (EMAS) etc., are safe and easy and also successfully form collaterals especially in children with moyamoya disease. However, there are a few drawbacks with such procedures. They do not always form sufficient collaterals. The area where the original EDAS using the posterior branch of the superficial temporal artery can be done is also limited. Moreover, because the area covered by each single procedure is small, the collateral formation obtained by a single procedure is not always satisfactory. For these reasons we developed a fronto-temporoparietal combined indirect bypass procedure for child patients in order to overcome these problems. This multiple combined indirect procedure can cover a wider area of the ischemic brain through the EMAS in the frontal and the EDAS and EMS in the temporo-parietal regions. It is also safe and easy to perform, and one or two of these three procedures form sufficient collaterals with a relatively high reliability. This technique is described and the results are presented.  (+info)

Moyamoya disease showing atypical angiographic findings--two case reports. (5/313)

A 7-year-old boy and a 10-year-old girl presented with moyamoya disease showing atypical angiographic findings. In these cases, the internal carotid artery (ICA) had a tapering occlusion just distal to the origin of the ophthalmic artery, whereas the top of the ICA was not occluded and was retrogradely supplied through the posterior communicating artery from the posterior circulation. Surgical treatment resolved the symptoms in both patients. Moyamoya disease may include a number of variant types not showing all the characteristic angiographic findings of moyamoya disease.  (+info)

High incidence of persistent primitive arteries in moyamoya and quasi-moyamoya diseases. (6/313)

This study investigated the incidences of persistent primitive arteries in patients with moyamoya disease, unilateral moyamoya disease, and quasi-moyamoya disease. Cerebral angiograms of 50 patients (39 moyamoya disease patients, 6 unilateral moyamoya disease patients, and 5 quasi-moyamoya disease patients) were retrospectively reviewed. There were 35 females and 15 males, aged from 3 to 63 years (mean 27.4 years). Persistent primitive carotid-basilar artery anastomoses were observed in three patients: primitive hypoglossal artery in one moyamoya disease patient, primitive trigeminal artery variant in one unilateral moyamoya disease patient, and an anastomosis between the accessory meningeal artery and the anterosuperior cerebellar artery in one quasi-moyamoya disease patient. The ophthalmic artery originated from the middle meningeal artery in three moyamoya and two quasi-moyamoya disease patients. The incidence of the persistent primitive arteries is significantly higher in patients with moyamoya disease (10.7%) and quasi-moyamoya disease (60%) than in patients with other disease (0.67%) (p < 0.001), so congenital factors may be important in the pathogenesis of moyamoya disease.  (+info)

Posterior circulation abnormalities in moyamoya disease : a radiological study. (7/313)

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is an uncommon entity outside Japan. Though the clinical and radiological features are well described, involvement of the posterior circulation has not been highlighted. Out of 10 patients of MMD studied, the posterior circulation was involved in 9 (3 bilateral, 6 unilateral). The P1 segment was most commonly affected. Interestingly, no infarcts were seen in the territory of the posterior circulation in any patient. Five patients showed recent haemorrhages on scan. It was thalamic haemorrhage in four and subarachnoid in one patient. The posterior circulation is frequently involved in MMD as evident on angiography. However, ischaemic events of the posterior circulation are not frequent, as the posterior circulation acts as collateral pathway for the diseased anterior circulation till later stages of the disease.  (+info)

Myocardial infarction with Moyamoya disease and pituitary gigantism in a young female patient. (8/313)

Myocardial infarction is very rare in young female patients with systemic vascular disorders. Moyamoya disease is a cerebrovascular disease associated with an abnormal vascular network. This report presents a 19-year-old female patient who suffered from chest pain and exertional dyspnea for 2 months prior to admission. She had a history of Moyamoya disease and pituitary gigantism since childhood. Her ejection fraction on echocardiogram was 20% and a perfusion defect with partial reversibility in the anterior wall was demonstrated on stress single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Diagnostic coronary angiogram revealed critical stenosis in the middle left anterior descending artery, which was treated by coronary stenting. Her subjective symptoms were relieved and the perfusion defect seen on SPECT decreased after coronary intervention.  (+info)

Moyamoya Disease is a rare, progressive cerebrovascular disorder characterized by the narrowing or occlusion (blockage) of the internal carotid artery and its main branches. The name "moyamoya" means "puff of smoke" in Japanese and describes the look of the tangle of tiny vessels formed to compensate for the blockage. Over time, these fragile vessels can become less effective or rupture, leading to transient ischemic attacks (mini-strokes), strokes, bleeding in the brain, or cognitive decline. The exact cause of moyamoya disease is unknown, but it may be associated with genetic factors and certain medical conditions such as Down syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1, and sickle cell anemia. Treatment options include surgical procedures to improve blood flow to the brain.

Cerebral revascularization is a surgical procedure aimed at restoring blood flow to the brain. This is often performed in cases where there is narrowing or blockage of the cerebral arteries, a condition known as cerebrovascular disease. The most common type of cerebral revascularization is called carotid endarterectomy, which involves removing plaque buildup from the carotid artery in the neck to improve blood flow to the brain. Another type is extracranial-intracranial bypass, where a new connection is created between an external carotid artery and an intracranial artery to bypass a blockage.

Cerebral angiography is a medical procedure that involves taking X-ray images of the blood vessels in the brain after injecting a contrast dye into them. This procedure helps doctors to diagnose and treat various conditions affecting the blood vessels in the brain, such as aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, and stenosis (narrowing of the blood vessels).

During the procedure, a catheter is inserted into an artery in the leg and threaded through the body to the blood vessels in the neck or brain. The contrast dye is then injected through the catheter, and X-ray images are taken to visualize the blood flow through the brain's blood vessels.

Cerebral angiography provides detailed images of the blood vessels in the brain, allowing doctors to identify any abnormalities or blockages that may be causing symptoms or increasing the risk of stroke. Based on the results of the cerebral angiography, doctors can develop a treatment plan to address these issues and prevent further complications.

Meningeal arteries refer to the branches of the major cerebral arteries that supply blood to the meninges, which are the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. These arteries include:

1. The middle meningeal artery, a branch of the maxillary artery, which supplies the dura mater in the cranial cavity.
2. The anterior and posterior meningeal arteries, branches of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries, respectively, that supply blood to the dura mater in the anterior and posterior cranial fossae.
3. The vasorum nervorum, small arteries that arise from the spinal branch of the ascending cervical artery and supply the spinal meninges.

These arteries play a crucial role in maintaining the health and integrity of the meninges and the central nervous system they protect.

Temporal arteries are the paired set of arteries that run along the temples on either side of the head. They are branches of the external carotid artery and play a crucial role in supplying oxygenated blood to the scalp and surrounding muscles. One of the most common conditions associated with temporal arteries is Temporal Arteritis (also known as Giant Cell Arteritis), which is an inflammation of these arteries that can lead to serious complications like vision loss if not promptly diagnosed and treated.

Cerebral arteries refer to the blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the brain. These arteries branch off from the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries, which combine to form the basilar artery. The major cerebral arteries include:

1. Anterior cerebral artery (ACA): This artery supplies blood to the frontal lobes of the brain, including the motor and sensory cortices responsible for movement and sensation in the lower limbs.
2. Middle cerebral artery (MCA): The MCA is the largest of the cerebral arteries and supplies blood to the lateral surface of the brain, including the temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes. It is responsible for providing blood to areas involved in motor function, sensory perception, speech, memory, and vision.
3. Posterior cerebral artery (PCA): The PCA supplies blood to the occipital lobe, which is responsible for visual processing, as well as parts of the temporal and parietal lobes.
4. Anterior communicating artery (ACoA) and posterior communicating arteries (PComAs): These are small arteries that connect the major cerebral arteries, forming an important circulatory network called the Circle of Willis. The ACoA connects the two ACAs, while the PComAs connect the ICA with the PCA and the basilar artery.

These cerebral arteries play a crucial role in maintaining proper brain function by delivering oxygenated blood to various regions of the brain. Any damage or obstruction to these arteries can lead to serious neurological conditions, such as strokes or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs).

Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) is a non-invasive medical imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the blood vessels or arteries within the body. It is a type of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) that focuses specifically on the circulatory system.

MRA can be used to diagnose and evaluate various conditions related to the blood vessels, such as aneurysms, stenosis (narrowing of the vessel), or the presence of plaques or tumors. It can also be used to plan for surgeries or other treatments related to the vascular system. The procedure does not use radiation and is generally considered safe, although people with certain implants like pacemakers may not be able to have an MRA due to safety concerns.

The meninges are the protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. They consist of three layers: the dura mater (the outermost, toughest layer), the arachnoid mater (middle layer), and the pia mater (the innermost, delicate layer). These membranes provide protection and support to the central nervous system, and contain blood vessels that supply nutrients and remove waste products. Inflammation or infection of the meninges is called meningitis, which can be a serious medical condition requiring prompt treatment.

The internal carotid artery is a major blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the brain. It originates from the common carotid artery and passes through the neck, entering the skull via the carotid canal in the temporal bone. Once inside the skull, it branches into several smaller vessels that supply different parts of the brain with blood.

The internal carotid artery is divided into several segments: cervical, petrous, cavernous, clinoid, and supraclinoid. Each segment has distinct clinical significance in terms of potential injury or disease. The most common conditions affecting the internal carotid artery include atherosclerosis, which can lead to stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), and dissection, which can cause severe headache, neck pain, and neurological symptoms.

It's important to note that any blockage or damage to the internal carotid artery can have serious consequences, as it can significantly reduce blood flow to the brain and lead to permanent neurological damage or even death. Therefore, regular check-ups and screening tests are recommended for individuals at high risk of developing vascular diseases.

A cerebral hemorrhage, also known as an intracranial hemorrhage or intracerebral hemorrhage, is a type of stroke that results from bleeding within the brain tissue. It occurs when a weakened blood vessel bursts and causes localized bleeding in the brain. This bleeding can increase pressure in the skull, damage nearby brain cells, and release toxic substances that further harm brain tissues.

Cerebral hemorrhages are often caused by chronic conditions like hypertension (high blood pressure) or cerebral amyloid angiopathy, which weakens the walls of blood vessels over time. Other potential causes include trauma, aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, illicit drug use, and brain tumors. Symptoms may include sudden headache, weakness, numbness, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, vision problems, loss of balance, and altered level of consciousness. Immediate medical attention is required to diagnose and manage cerebral hemorrhage through imaging techniques, supportive care, and possible surgical interventions.

Cerebrovascular circulation refers to the network of blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood and nutrients to the brain tissue, and remove waste products. It includes the internal carotid arteries, vertebral arteries, circle of Willis, and the intracranial arteries that branch off from them.

The internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries merge to form the circle of Willis, a polygonal network of vessels located at the base of the brain. The anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, posterior cerebral artery, and communicating arteries are the major vessels that branch off from the circle of Willis and supply blood to different regions of the brain.

Interruptions or abnormalities in the cerebrovascular circulation can lead to various neurological conditions such as stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), and vascular dementia.

Emission-Computed Tomography, Single-Photon (SPECT) is a type of nuclear medicine imaging procedure that generates detailed, three-dimensional images of the distribution of radioactive pharmaceuticals within the body. It uses gamma rays emitted by a radiopharmaceutical that is introduced into the patient's body, and a specialized gamma camera to detect these gamma rays and create tomographic images. The data obtained from the SPECT imaging can be used to diagnose various medical conditions, evaluate organ function, and guide treatment decisions. It is commonly used to image the heart, brain, and bones, among other organs and systems.

The Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) is one of the main blood vessels that supplies oxygenated blood to the brain. It arises from the internal carotid artery and divides into several branches, which supply the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere, including the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes.

The MCA is responsible for providing blood flow to critical areas of the brain, such as the primary motor and sensory cortices, Broca's area (associated with speech production), Wernicke's area (associated with language comprehension), and the visual association cortex.

Damage to the MCA or its branches can result in a variety of neurological deficits, depending on the specific location and extent of the injury. These may include weakness or paralysis on one side of the body, sensory loss, language impairment, and visual field cuts.

The Circle of Willis is a circulatory arrangement in the brain where the major arteries that supply blood to the brain converge to form an almost circular structure. It is named after Thomas Willis, an English physician who first described it in 1664.

This circle is formed by the joining of the two internal carotid arteries, which divide into the anterior cerebral and middle cerebral arteries, with the basilar artery, which arises from the vertebral arteries. These vessels anastomose, or connect, to form a polygon-like structure at the base of the brain.

The Circle of Willis plays a crucial role in maintaining adequate blood flow to the brain, as it allows for collateral circulation. If one of the arteries that make up the circle becomes blocked or narrowed, blood can still reach the affected area through the other vessels in the circle. This helps to minimize the risk of stroke and other neurological disorders.

The Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) is one of the major arteries that supplies blood to the brain. It is a branch of the basilar artery, which is formed by the union of the two vertebral arteries. The PCA supplies oxygenated blood to the occipital lobe (responsible for visual processing), the temporal lobe (involved in auditory and memory functions), and the thalamus and midbrain (relay station for sensory and motor signals).

The PCA has two segments: the precommunicating segment (P1) and the postcommunicating segment (P2). The P1 segment runs posteriorly along the cerebral peduncle, while the P2 segment courses around the midbrain to reach the occipital lobe.

Atherosclerosis, embolism, or other vascular conditions can affect the PCA and lead to a variety of neurological symptoms, including visual loss, memory impairment, and difficulty with language processing.

Photophobia is a condition characterized by an abnormal sensitivity to light. It's not a fear of light, despite the name suggesting otherwise. Instead, it refers to the discomfort or pain felt in the eyes due to exposure to light, often leading to a strong desire to avoid light. This can include both natural and artificial light sources.

The severity of photophobia can vary greatly among individuals. Some people may only experience mild discomfort in bright light conditions, while others may find even moderate levels of light intolerable. It can be a symptom of various underlying health issues, including eye diseases or disorders like uveitis, keratitis, corneal abrasions, or optic neuritis, as well as systemic conditions such as migraines, meningitis, or certain medications that increase light sensitivity.

Arterial occlusive diseases are medical conditions characterized by the blockage or narrowing of the arteries, which can lead to a reduction in blood flow to various parts of the body. This reduction in blood flow can cause tissue damage and may result in serious complications such as tissue death (gangrene), organ dysfunction, or even death.

The most common cause of arterial occlusive diseases is atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of plaque made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances in the inner lining of the artery walls. Over time, this plaque can harden and narrow the arteries, restricting blood flow. Other causes of arterial occlusive diseases include blood clots, emboli (tiny particles that travel through the bloodstream and lodge in smaller vessels), inflammation, trauma, and certain inherited conditions.

Symptoms of arterial occlusive diseases depend on the location and severity of the blockage. Common symptoms include:

* Pain, cramping, or fatigue in the affected limb, often triggered by exercise and relieved by rest (claudication)
* Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the affected limb
* Coldness or discoloration of the skin in the affected area
* Slow-healing sores or wounds on the toes, feet, or legs
* Erectile dysfunction in men

Treatment for arterial occlusive diseases may include lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet. Medications to lower cholesterol, control blood pressure, prevent blood clots, or manage pain may also be prescribed. In severe cases, surgical procedures such as angioplasty, stenting, or bypass surgery may be necessary to restore blood flow.

Collateral circulation refers to the alternate blood supply routes that bypass an obstructed or narrowed vessel and reconnect with the main vascular system. These collateral vessels can develop over time as a result of the body's natural adaptation to chronic ischemia (reduced blood flow) caused by various conditions such as atherosclerosis, thromboembolism, or vasculitis.

The development of collateral circulation helps maintain adequate blood flow and oxygenation to affected tissues, minimizing the risk of tissue damage and necrosis. In some cases, well-developed collateral circulations can help compensate for significant blockages in major vessels, reducing symptoms and potentially preventing the need for invasive interventions like revascularization procedures. However, the extent and effectiveness of collateral circulation vary from person to person and depend on factors such as age, overall health status, and the presence of comorbidities.

Surgical anastomosis is a medical procedure that involves the connection of two tubular structures, such as blood vessels or intestines, to create a continuous passage. This technique is commonly used in various types of surgeries, including vascular, gastrointestinal, and orthopedic procedures.

During a surgical anastomosis, the ends of the two tubular structures are carefully prepared by removing any damaged or diseased tissue. The ends are then aligned and joined together using sutures, staples, or other devices. The connection must be secure and leak-free to ensure proper function and healing.

The success of a surgical anastomosis depends on several factors, including the patient's overall health, the location and condition of the structures being joined, and the skill and experience of the surgeon. Complications such as infection, bleeding, or leakage can occur, which may require additional medical intervention or surgery.

Proper postoperative care is also essential to ensure the success of a surgical anastomosis. This may include monitoring for signs of complications, administering medications to prevent infection and promote healing, and providing adequate nutrition and hydration.

A Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), also known as a "mini-stroke," is a temporary period of symptoms similar to those you'd get if you were having a stroke. A TIA doesn't cause permanent damage and is often caused by a temporary decrease in blood supply to part of your brain, which may last as little as five minutes.

Like an ischemic stroke, a TIA occurs when a clot or debris blocks blood flow to part of your nervous system. However, unlike a stroke, a TIA doesn't leave lasting damage because the blockage is temporary.

Symptoms of a TIA can include sudden onset of weakness, numbness or paralysis in your face, arm or leg, typically on one side of your body. You could also experience slurred or garbled speech, or difficulty understanding others. Other symptoms can include blindness in one or both eyes, dizziness, or a severe headache with no known cause.

Even though TIAs usually last only a few minutes, they are a serious condition and should not be ignored. If you suspect you or someone else is experiencing a TIA, seek immediate medical attention. TIAs can be a warning sign that a full-blown stroke is imminent.

Cerebral infarction, also known as a "stroke" or "brain attack," is the sudden death of brain cells caused by the interruption of their blood supply. It is most commonly caused by a blockage in one of the blood vessels supplying the brain (an ischemic stroke), but can also result from a hemorrhage in or around the brain (a hemorrhagic stroke).

Ischemic strokes occur when a blood clot or other particle blocks a cerebral artery, cutting off blood flow to a part of the brain. The lack of oxygen and nutrients causes nearby brain cells to die. Hemorrhagic strokes occur when a weakened blood vessel ruptures, causing bleeding within or around the brain. This bleeding can put pressure on surrounding brain tissues, leading to cell death.

Symptoms of cerebral infarction depend on the location and extent of the affected brain tissue but may include sudden weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg; difficulty speaking or understanding speech; vision problems; loss of balance or coordination; and severe headache with no known cause. Immediate medical attention is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment to minimize potential long-term damage or disability.

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a type of stroke caused by bleeding within the brain or its surrounding tissues. It's a serious medical emergency that requires immediate attention and treatment. The bleeding can occur in various locations:

1. Epidural hematoma: Bleeding between the dura mater (the outermost protective covering of the brain) and the skull. This is often caused by trauma, such as a head injury.
2. Subdural hematoma: Bleeding between the dura mater and the brain's surface, which can also be caused by trauma.
3. Subarachnoid hemorrhage: Bleeding in the subarachnoid space, which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and surrounds the brain. This type of ICH is commonly caused by the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation.
4. Intraparenchymal hemorrhage: Bleeding within the brain tissue itself, which can be caused by hypertension (high blood pressure), amyloid angiopathy, or trauma.
5. Intraventricular hemorrhage: Bleeding into the brain's ventricular system, which contains CSF and communicates with the subarachnoid space. This type of ICH is often seen in premature infants but can also be caused by head trauma or aneurysm rupture in adults.

Symptoms of intracranial hemorrhage may include sudden severe headache, vomiting, altered consciousness, confusion, seizures, weakness, numbness, or paralysis on one side of the body, vision changes, or difficulty speaking or understanding speech. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent further brain damage and potential long-term disabilities or death.

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is a medical imaging technique used to visualize the blood vessels and blood flow within the body. It combines the use of X-ray technology with digital image processing to produce detailed images of the vascular system.

In DSA, a contrast agent is injected into the patient's bloodstream through a catheter, which is typically inserted into an artery in the leg and guided to the area of interest using fluoroscopy. As the contrast agent flows through the blood vessels, X-ray images are taken at multiple time points.

The digital subtraction process involves taking a baseline image without contrast and then subtracting it from subsequent images taken with contrast. This allows for the removal of background structures and noise, resulting in clearer images of the blood vessels. DSA can be used to diagnose and evaluate various vascular conditions, such as aneurysms, stenosis, and tumors, and can also guide interventional procedures such as angioplasty and stenting.

Neurosurgical procedures are operations that are performed on the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. These procedures are typically carried out by neurosurgeons, who are medical doctors with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the nervous system. Neurosurgical procedures can be used to treat a wide range of conditions, including traumatic injuries, tumors, aneurysms, vascular malformations, infections, degenerative diseases, and congenital abnormalities.

Some common types of neurosurgical procedures include:

* Craniotomy: A procedure in which a bone flap is temporarily removed from the skull to gain access to the brain. This type of procedure may be performed to remove a tumor, repair a blood vessel, or relieve pressure on the brain.
* Spinal fusion: A procedure in which two or more vertebrae in the spine are fused together using bone grafts and metal hardware. This is often done to stabilize the spine and alleviate pain caused by degenerative conditions or spinal deformities.
* Microvascular decompression: A procedure in which a blood vessel that is causing pressure on a nerve is repositioned or removed. This type of procedure is often used to treat trigeminal neuralgia, a condition that causes severe facial pain.
* Deep brain stimulation: A procedure in which electrodes are implanted in specific areas of the brain and connected to a battery-operated device called a neurostimulator. The neurostimulator sends electrical impulses to the brain to help alleviate symptoms of movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease or dystonia.
* Stereotactic radiosurgery: A non-invasive procedure that uses focused beams of radiation to treat tumors, vascular malformations, and other abnormalities in the brain or spine. This type of procedure is often used for patients who are not good candidates for traditional surgery due to age, health status, or location of the lesion.

Neurosurgical procedures can be complex and require a high degree of skill and expertise. Patients considering neurosurgical treatment should consult with a qualified neurosurgeon to discuss their options and determine the best course of action for their individual situation.

The external carotid artery is a major blood vessel in the neck that supplies oxygenated blood to the structures of the head and neck, excluding the brain. It originates from the common carotid artery at the level of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, then divides into several branches that supply various regions of the head and neck, including the face, scalp, ears, and neck muscles.

The external carotid artery has eight branches:

1. Superior thyroid artery: Supplies blood to the thyroid gland, larynx, and surrounding muscles.
2. Ascending pharyngeal artery: Supplies blood to the pharynx, palate, and meninges of the brain.
3. Lingual artery: Supplies blood to the tongue and floor of the mouth.
4. Facial artery: Supplies blood to the face, nose, lips, and palate.
5. Occipital artery: Supplies blood to the scalp and muscles of the neck.
6. Posterior auricular artery: Supplies blood to the ear and surrounding muscles.
7. Maxillary artery: Supplies blood to the lower face, nasal cavity, palate, and meninges of the brain.
8. Superficial temporal artery: Supplies blood to the scalp, face, and temporomandibular joint.

The external carotid artery is an essential structure for maintaining adequate blood flow to the head and neck, and any damage or blockage can lead to serious medical conditions such as stroke or tissue necrosis.

Cardiac surgical procedures are operations that are performed on the heart or great vessels (the aorta and vena cava) by cardiothoracic surgeons. These surgeries are often complex and require a high level of skill and expertise. Some common reasons for cardiac surgical procedures include:

1. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG): This is a surgery to improve blood flow to the heart in patients with coronary artery disease. During the procedure, a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body is used to create a detour around the blocked or narrowed portion of the coronary artery.
2. Valve repair or replacement: The heart has four valves that control blood flow through and out of the heart. If one or more of these valves become damaged or diseased, they may need to be repaired or replaced. This can be done using artificial valves or valves from animal or human donors.
3. Aneurysm repair: An aneurysm is a weakened area in the wall of an artery that can bulge out and potentially rupture. If an aneurysm occurs in the aorta, it may require surgical repair to prevent rupture.
4. Heart transplantation: In some cases, heart failure may be so severe that a heart transplant is necessary. This involves removing the diseased heart and replacing it with a healthy donor heart.
5. Arrhythmia surgery: Certain types of abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) may require surgical treatment. One such procedure is called the Maze procedure, which involves creating a pattern of scar tissue in the heart to disrupt the abnormal electrical signals that cause the arrhythmia.
6. Congenital heart defect repair: Some people are born with structural problems in their hearts that require surgical correction. These may include holes between the chambers of the heart or abnormal blood vessels.

Cardiac surgical procedures carry risks, including bleeding, infection, stroke, and death. However, for many patients, these surgeries can significantly improve their quality of life and longevity.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Internet" is a term that pertains to the global network of interconnected computers and servers that enable the transmission and reception of data via the internet protocol (IP). It is not a medical term and does not have a specific medical definition. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I'd be happy to try to help answer them for you!

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a medical procedure that temporarily takes over the functions of the heart and lungs during major heart surgery. It allows the surgeon to operate on a still, bloodless heart.

During CPB, the patient's blood is circulated outside the body with the help of a heart-lung machine. The machine pumps the blood through a oxygenator, where it is oxygenated and then returned to the body. This bypasses the heart and lungs, hence the name "cardiopulmonary bypass."

CPB involves several components, including a pump, oxygenator, heat exchanger, and tubing. The patient's blood is drained from the heart through cannulas (tubes) and passed through the oxygenator, where it is oxygenated and carbon dioxide is removed. The oxygenated blood is then warmed to body temperature in a heat exchanger before being pumped back into the body.

While on CPB, the patient's heart is stopped with the help of cardioplegia solution, which is infused directly into the coronary arteries. This helps to protect the heart muscle during surgery. The surgeon can then operate on a still and bloodless heart, allowing for more precise surgical repair.

After the surgery is complete, the patient is gradually weaned off CPB, and the heart is restarted with the help of electrical stimulation or medication. The patient's condition is closely monitored during this time to ensure that their heart and lungs are functioning properly.

While CPB has revolutionized heart surgery and allowed for more complex procedures to be performed, it is not without risks. These include bleeding, infection, stroke, kidney damage, and inflammation. However, with advances in technology and technique, the risks associated with CPB have been significantly reduced over time.

A "periodical" in the context of medicine typically refers to a type of publication that is issued regularly, such as on a monthly or quarterly basis. These publications include peer-reviewed journals, magazines, and newsletters that focus on medical research, education, and practice. They may contain original research articles, review articles, case reports, editorials, letters to the editor, and other types of content related to medical science and clinical practice.

As a "Topic," periodicals in medicine encompass various aspects such as their role in disseminating new knowledge, their impact on clinical decision-making, their quality control measures, and their ethical considerations. Medical periodicals serve as a crucial resource for healthcare professionals, researchers, students, and other stakeholders to stay updated on the latest developments in their field and to share their findings with others.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "India" is not a medical term or concept. It is a country in South Asia, the second-most populous country in the world, known for its rich history, diverse culture, and numerous contributions to various fields including medicine. If you have any questions related to medical topics, I would be happy to help answer them!

Postoperative complications refer to any unfavorable condition or event that occurs during the recovery period after a surgical procedure. These complications can vary in severity and may include, but are not limited to:

1. Infection: This can occur at the site of the incision or inside the body, such as pneumonia or urinary tract infection.
2. Bleeding: Excessive bleeding (hemorrhage) can lead to a drop in blood pressure and may require further surgical intervention.
3. Blood clots: These can form in the deep veins of the legs (deep vein thrombosis) and can potentially travel to the lungs (pulmonary embolism).
4. Wound dehiscence: This is when the surgical wound opens up, which can lead to infection and further complications.
5. Pulmonary issues: These include atelectasis (collapsed lung), pneumonia, or respiratory failure.
6. Cardiovascular problems: These include abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), heart attack, or stroke.
7. Renal failure: This can occur due to various reasons such as dehydration, blood loss, or the use of certain medications.
8. Pain management issues: Inadequate pain control can lead to increased stress, anxiety, and decreased mobility.
9. Nausea and vomiting: These can be caused by anesthesia, opioid pain medication, or other factors.
10. Delirium: This is a state of confusion and disorientation that can occur in the elderly or those with certain medical conditions.

Prompt identification and management of these complications are crucial to ensure the best possible outcome for the patient.

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are structural abnormalities in the heart that are present at birth. They can affect any part of the heart's structure, including the walls of the heart, the valves inside the heart, and the major blood vessels that lead to and from the heart.

Congenital heart defects can range from mild to severe and can cause various symptoms depending on the type and severity of the defect. Some common symptoms of CHDs include cyanosis (a bluish tint to the skin, lips, and fingernails), shortness of breath, fatigue, poor feeding, and slow growth in infants and children.

There are many different types of congenital heart defects, including:

1. Septal defects: These are holes in the walls that separate the four chambers of the heart. The two most common septal defects are atrial septal defect (ASD) and ventricular septal defect (VSD).
2. Valve abnormalities: These include narrowed or leaky valves, which can affect blood flow through the heart.
3. Obstruction defects: These occur when blood flow is blocked or restricted due to narrowing or absence of a part of the heart's structure. Examples include pulmonary stenosis and coarctation of the aorta.
4. Cyanotic heart defects: These cause a lack of oxygen in the blood, leading to cyanosis. Examples include tetralogy of Fallot and transposition of the great arteries.

The causes of congenital heart defects are not fully understood, but genetic factors and environmental influences during pregnancy may play a role. Some CHDs can be detected before birth through prenatal testing, while others may not be diagnosed until after birth or later in childhood. Treatment for CHDs may include medication, surgery, or other interventions to improve blood flow and oxygenation of the body's tissues.

Brain ischemia is the medical term used to describe a reduction or interruption of blood flow to the brain, leading to a lack of oxygen and glucose delivery to brain tissue. This can result in brain damage or death of brain cells, known as infarction. Brain ischemia can be caused by various conditions such as thrombosis (blood clot formation), embolism (obstruction of a blood vessel by a foreign material), or hypoperfusion (reduced blood flow). The severity and duration of the ischemia determine the extent of brain damage. Symptoms can range from mild, such as transient ischemic attacks (TIAs or "mini-strokes"), to severe, including paralysis, speech difficulties, loss of consciousness, and even death. Immediate medical attention is required for proper diagnosis and treatment to prevent further damage and potential long-term complications.

Ischemia is the medical term used to describe a lack of blood flow to a part of the body, often due to blocked or narrowed blood vessels. This can lead to a shortage of oxygen and nutrients in the tissues, which can cause them to become damaged or die. Ischemia can affect many different parts of the body, including the heart, brain, legs, and intestines. Symptoms of ischemia depend on the location and severity of the blockage, but they may include pain, cramping, numbness, weakness, or coldness in the affected area. In severe cases, ischemia can lead to tissue death (gangrene) or organ failure. Treatment for ischemia typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the blocked blood flow, such as through medication, surgery, or lifestyle changes.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder that affects the hemoglobin in red blood cells. Hemoglobin is responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. In sickle cell anemia, the hemoglobin is abnormal and causes the red blood cells to take on a sickle shape, rather than the normal disc shape. These sickled cells are stiff and sticky, and they can block blood vessels, causing tissue damage and pain. They also die more quickly than normal red blood cells, leading to anemia.

People with sickle cell anemia often experience fatigue, chronic pain, and jaundice. They may also have a higher risk of infections and complications such as stroke, acute chest syndrome, and priapism. The disease is inherited from both parents, who must both be carriers of the sickle cell gene. It primarily affects people of African descent, but it can also affect people from other ethnic backgrounds.

There is no cure for sickle cell anemia, but treatments such as blood transfusions, medications to manage pain and prevent complications, and bone marrow transplantation can help improve quality of life for affected individuals. Regular medical care and monitoring are essential for managing the disease effectively.

Unconsciousness is a state of complete awareness where a person is not responsive to stimuli and cannot be awakened. It is often caused by severe trauma, illness, or lack of oxygen supply to the brain. In medical terms, it is defined as a lack of response to verbal commands, pain, or other stimuli, indicating that the person's brain is not functioning at a level necessary to maintain wakefulness and awareness.

Unconsciousness can be described as having different levels, ranging from drowsiness to deep coma. The causes of unconsciousness can vary widely, including head injury, seizure, stroke, infection, drug overdose, or lack of oxygen supply to the brain. Depending on the cause and severity, unconsciousness may last for a few seconds or continue for an extended period, requiring medical intervention and treatment.

Myocardial ischemia is a condition in which the blood supply to the heart muscle (myocardium) is reduced or blocked, leading to insufficient oxygen delivery and potential damage to the heart tissue. This reduction in blood flow typically results from the buildup of fatty deposits, called plaques, in the coronary arteries that supply the heart with oxygen-rich blood. The plaques can rupture or become unstable, causing the formation of blood clots that obstruct the artery and limit blood flow.

Myocardial ischemia may manifest as chest pain (angina pectoris), shortness of breath, fatigue, or irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias). In severe cases, it can lead to myocardial infarction (heart attack) if the oxygen supply is significantly reduced or cut off completely, causing permanent damage or death of the heart muscle. Early diagnosis and treatment of myocardial ischemia are crucial for preventing further complications and improving patient outcomes.

Otorhinolaryngologic diseases, also known as ear, nose, and throat (ENT) diseases, refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the ears, nose, and/or throat. These specialized areas are closely related both anatomically and functionally, and disorders in one area can often have impacts on the others.

Here are some examples of otorhinolaryngologic diseases categorized by the affected area:

1. Otologic diseases - affecting the ear:
* Otitis media (ear infection)
* Otitis externa (swimmer's ear)
* Tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
* Hearing loss
* Meniere's disease (inner ear disorder causing vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss)
* Acoustic neuroma (noncancerous tumor on the vestibular nerve)
2. Rhinologic diseases - affecting the nose:
* Allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
* Non-allergic rhinitis
* Sinusitis (sinus infection)
* Deviated septum
* Nasal polyps
* Epistaxis (nosebleed)
3. Laryngologic diseases - affecting the throat and voice box:
* Laryngitis (inflammation of the larynx, causing hoarseness or voice loss)
* Vocal cord nodules or polyps
* Reflux laryngitis (acid reflux irritating the throat)
* Subglottic stenosis (narrowing of the airway below the vocal cords)
* Laryngeal cancer
4. Common otorhinolaryngologic diseases:
* Tonsillitis (inflammation of the tonsils, often causing sore throat and difficulty swallowing)
* Adenoiditis (inflammation of the adenoids, commonly seen in children)
* Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA, a disorder characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep)
* Pharyngitis (inflammation of the pharynx or throat)

Otorhinolaryngologists, also known as ENT specialists, diagnose and treat these conditions. They may use various methods such as physical examination, imaging studies, endoscopy, and laboratory tests to determine the best course of treatment for each individual patient.

... information about diagnostics and treatment of moyamoya patients Orphanet's disease page on moyamoya disease Moyamoya Disease ... Similar to moyamoya disease, there are conditions that are closely associated with moyamoya disease. Some of the more common ... "Moyamoya disease". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 15 March 2023. Scott, R. Michael; Smith, Edward R. (2009). "Moyamoya Disease and ... n/moyamoya-disease-program/patient-resources/videos-about-moyamoya/moyamoya-treatment-videos Archived 2022-01-03 at the Wayback ...
Moyamoya disease has also been identified as a potential cause for brain ischemia. Moyamoya disease is an extremely rare ... Sparks, Gareth (2002). "What is Moyamoya disease?". eSSORTMENT. Archived from the original on 2009-03-27. Retrieved 2009-04-13 ... Brain ischemia has been linked to a variety of diseases or abnormalities. Individuals with sickle cell anemia, compressed blood ... A closely related disease to brain ischemia is brain hypoxia. Brain hypoxia is the condition in which there is a decrease in ...
He is the first neurosurgeon in India to perform EC-IC bypass for Moyamoya disease. He is the first neurosurgeon in India to ... "Moyamoya disease: Causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatments". February 2023. Misra, B. K. (2017). "The quest to revascularize ...
Richards, Kristen A.; Paller, Amy S. (2003). "Livedo Reticularis in a Child with Moyamoya Disease". Pediatric Dermatology. 20 ( ... Its differential diagnosis is broadly divided into possible blood diseases, autoimmune (rheumatologic), cardiovascular diseases ... As a rare manifestation of Graves hyperthyroidism Associated with pernicious anaemia Moyamoya disease (a rare, chronic ... James, William D.; Elston, Dirk; Treat, James R.; Rosenbach, Misha A.; Neuhaus, Isaac (2020). "35.Cutaneous vascular diseases ...
Contracted Moya Moya Disease, a cerebral vascular disorder. Masako Mori (15): First Kōhaku appearance in five years (52nd ...
There are reports of ETS being used to achieve cerebral revascularization for people with moyamoya disease, and to treat ... Suzuki, Jiro; Takaku, Akira; Kodama, Namio; Sato, So (1975). "An Attempt to Treat Cerebrovascular 'Moyamoya' Disease in ... Sung, Sook Whan; Kim, Joon Seok (1999). "Thoracoscopic procedures for intrathoracic and pulmonary diseases". Respirology. 4 (1 ... Raynaud's disease and reflex sympathetic dystrophy. By far the most common complaint treated with ETS is sweaty palms (palmar ...
Recently, she has been involved in researching moyamoya disease. The major awards and honours won by Tournier-Lasserve and her ... Bousser had first researched the condition in 1976, when a patient with signs of Binswanger's disease suffered a stroke. She ... With the geneticist Marie-Germaine Bousser, she discovered a genetic disease, designated by the acronym CADASIL (cerebral ... "Elisabeth Tournier-Lasserve". Treat Small Vessel Diseases. Retrieved 9 May 2021. Joutel, Anne (2004). "Pathogenic Mutations ...
Lee was diagnosed with Moyamoya disease in late 2015. After undergoing two brain surgeries, she briefly lost language and ... Her own story includes beating a life-threatening disease". The FADER. Retrieved 2021-01-17. Bain, Katie (April 4, 2013). " ...
"Selective and superselective angiography of pediatric moyamoya disease angioarchitecture in the posterior circulation". ... "Selective and superselective angiography of pediatric moyamoya disease angioarchitecture: the anterior circulation". ...
A genome-wide association study also identified RNF213 as a disease causing gene for Moyamoya disease. Comparative evolutionary ... Genome-wide linkage analysis of 15 Japanese families of autosomal dominant moyamoya disease narrowed down the locus to 17q25.3 ... Jul 2011). "Identification of RNF213 as a susceptibility gene for moyamoya disease and its possible role in vascular ... January 2011). "A genome-wide association study identifies RNF213 as the first Moyamoya disease gene". Journal of Human ...
"Elevation of CRABP-I in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Moyamoya disease". Stroke. 34 (12): 2835-41. doi:10.1161/01. ...
In May 2001, Tokunaga cancelled his concert tour after being diagnosed with moyamoya disease. He returned to performing live ...
Cash was diagnosed with Moyamoya disease, a rare blood disorder, at the age of three. Cha, John (March 28, 2014). "March Issue ...
Black Emperor Moyamoya disease Moja (disambiguation) This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Moya. If ...
... has been linked to Moyamoya Disease, increasing the odds of contracting the disease by 4.5 times. It is also ... Immune response profiling identifies autoantibodies specific to Moyamoya patients. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 8(1), p. ...
No signs of Moyamoya disease was discovered, however she regularly sees a doctor to monitor her condition. She likes popular, ... At one point Matsushima was examined for Moyamoya disease like symptoms, including disturbance of blood flow to the brain, ...
The diseases mentioned below are some of those that include UB as a symptom. Frontotemporal dementia Moyamoya disease Primary ... The cause of utilization behavior can be attributed to many diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Cerebrovascular disease, ... This was seen in patients with Moyamoya disease who had bilateral frontal lobe infarctions which resulted in UB. Upon treatment ... If UB is a symptom of an underlying disease or disorder, treatment of the disease itself can reduce the severity of UB and may ...
Tokimonsta was diagnosed with a rare and potentially fatal brain disease known as moyamoya. Having undergone two brain ...
Mutations in smooth muscle alpha-actin (ACTA2) cause coronary artery disease, stroke, and Moyamoya disease, along with thoracic ... Locus Specific Phenotypes for Familial Aortic Disease. Circulation. In press. Guo DC, Pannu H, Tran-Fadulu VT, Papke C, Yu RK, ... cause hyperplastic vasculomyopathy and lead to diffuse and diverse vascular diseases. Nature Genetics. 39:1488-1493, 2007. ... aortic disease. Am J. Hum Genet. 84(5):617-617, 2009. Epub 2009 Apr 30. Tran-Fadulu V, Pannu H, Kim DH, Vick GW 3rd, Lonsford ...
G polymorphisms with moyamoya disease in the Korean population". Neuroscience Letters. 521 (1): 71-5. doi:10.1016/j.neulet. ...
... behaviour and utilisation behaviour as presenting symptoms of bilateral frontal lobe infarction due to moyamoya disease". South ... Parkinson's disease (PD) primarily involves damage to subcortical brain structures and is usually associated with movement ... Thus, while Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative condition, causes executive dysfunction, a disorder such as attention- ... Clinical presentation of severe executive dysfunction that is unrelated to a specific disease or disorder is classified as a ...
Moyamoya disease, and Takayasu's arteritis. While the cause of FMD remains unclear, current theory suggests that there may be a ... Yet, absence of a bruit does not rule out significant vascular disease. In children, renovascular disease accounts for ... The prevalence of FMD is not known and, although the disease was initially thought to be rare, some studies have suggested that ... The symptoms expressed by FMD patients are largely dependent on the vascular bed(s) affected by the disease. Patients may also ...
... cause coronary artery disease, stroke, and Moyamoya disease, along with thoracic aortic disease". American Journal of Human ... It has been related to Moyamoya disease and it seems likely that certain mutations in heterozygosis could confer a ... A large number of illnesses and diseases are caused by mutations in alleles of the genes that regulate the production of actin ... Sparrow JC, Nowak KJ, Durling HJ, Beggs AH, Wallgren-Pettersson C, Romero N, Nonaka I, Laing NG (Sep 2003). "Muscle disease ...
... the reason behind withdrawing from the bout was initially high grade stenosis which was later diagnosed as Moyamoya disease. A ...
In turn the day before the event, Harrell was pulled from the fight due to being diagnosed with Moyamoya disease during his pre ... Marc Raimondi (2023-07-07). "Newcomer Josiah Harrell out of UFC 290 with brain disease". espn.com. Retrieved 2023-07-07. Brett ...
... such as thoracic aortic disease, coronary artery disease, stroke, Moyamoya disease, and multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction ... Mutations in this gene cause a variety of vascular diseases, ...
Even after he entered the area, he was troubled by moyamoya disease in his legs, and the condition deteriorated with training, ...
... disease 437.2 Hypertensive encephalopathy 437.3 Cerebral aneurysm nonruptured 437.4 Cerebral arteritis 437.5 Moyamoya disease ... heart disease 403 Hypertensive renal disease 403.0 Malignant hypertensive renal disease 403.1 Benign hypertensive renal disease ... 440 Atherosclerosis 440.1 Stenosis of renal artery 440.2 Peripheral Arterial Disease 440.21 Peripheral Arterial Disease with ... 436 Acute but ill-defined cerebrovascular disease 437 Other and ill-defined cerebrovascular disease 437.0 Cerebral ...
... moyamoya disease, stroke, intellectual disability Treatment of Roberts syndrome is individualized and specifically aimed at ... John Bingham Roberts (1852-1924) of Philadelphia, who reported the disease characteristics in 1919. Roberts reported a disease ... Carriers for the disorder are heterozygotes due to the autosomal recessive nature of the disease. Carriers are also not at risk ... The prognosis of the disease depends on the malformations, as the severity of the malformations correlates with survival. The ...
Other applications of CTA are identifying moyamoya disease, dissections of intracranial arteries, detection of carotid- ... CTA is a quick and non-invasive method of identifying dissections and can show the extent of the disease and if there is ... CTA can be used in the legs to detect atherosclerotic disease that has narrowed the arteries. It can also be used to image ... The use of CTA in people with kidney failure, kidney disease or long-standing severe diabetes should be weighed carefully as ...
Moyamoya disease is a rare, progressive cerebrovascular disorder caused by blocked arteries at the base of the brain in an area ... The disease primarily affects children, but can also occur in adults. In children, the first symptom of moyamoya disease is ... What is moyamoya disease? Moyamoya disease is a rare, progressive cerebrovascular disorder caused by blocked arteries at the ... Moyamoya disease was first described in Japan and is found in individuals around the world, although its incidence is higher in ...
Find symptoms and other information about Moyamoya disease. ... Moyamoya disease is a rare, progressive, blood vessel disease ... Moyamoya disease. Other Names: Idiopathic Moyamoya diseaseIdiopathic Moyamoya disease. Read More ... Moyamoya disease is a rare, progressive, blood vessel disease caused by blocked arteries at the base of the brain in an area ... Moyamoya syndrome is a related term that refers to cases of Moyamoya disease that occur in association with other conditions or ...
... information about diagnostics and treatment of moyamoya patients Orphanets disease page on moyamoya disease Moyamoya Disease ... Similar to moyamoya disease, there are conditions that are closely associated with moyamoya disease. Some of the more common ... "Moyamoya disease". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 15 March 2023. Scott, R. Michael; Smith, Edward R. (2009). "Moyamoya Disease and ... n/moyamoya-disease-program/patient-resources/videos-about-moyamoya/moyamoya-treatment-videos Archived 2022-01-03 at the Wayback ...
Moyamoya disease is a disorder of blood vessels in the brain, specifically the internal carotid arteries and the arteries that ... An epidemiological survey of moyamoya disease, unilateral moyamoya disease and quasi-moyamoya disease in Japan. Clin Neurol ... medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/moyamoya-disease/ Moyamoya disease. ... sickle cell disease, or Graves disease. These individuals are said to have moyamoya syndrome. ...
... occlusive disease of the cerebral vasculature with particular involvement of the circle of Willis and the arteries that feed it ... encoded search term (Moyamoya Disease) and Moyamoya Disease What to Read Next on Medscape ... Moyamoya disease associated with Graves disease: special considerations regarding clinical significance and management. J ... Moyamoya Disease Differential Diagnoses. Updated: Nov 09, 2018 * Author: Roy Sucholeiki, MD; Chief Editor: Amy Kao, MD more... ...
... occlusive disease of the cerebral vasculature with particular involvement of the circle of Willis and the arteries that feed it ... encoded search term (Moyamoya Disease) and Moyamoya Disease What to Read Next on Medscape ... Moyamoya disease associated with Graves disease: special considerations regarding clinical significance and management. J ... Moyamoya Disease Differential Diagnoses. Updated: Nov 09, 2018 * Author: Roy Sucholeiki, MD; Chief Editor: Amy Kao, MD more... ...
A total of 261 Chinese patients with newly diagnosed moyamoya disease were recruited from a hospital in China from 24 March ... In patients with moyamoya disease, there seemed to be a positive association between serum uric acid and triglycerides. ... whether serum uric acid was independently related to triglycerides in Chinese patients with newly diagnosed moyamoya disease ... R. M. Scott and E. R. Smith, "Moyamoya disease and moyamoya syndrome," The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 360, no. 12, ...
Moyamoya disease is characterized by progressive stenosis or occlusion of the intracranial portion of the internal carotid ... Progress in moyamoya disease Shuling Shang 1 2 3 , Da Zhou 1 2 , Jingyuan Ya 1 2 , Sijie Li 1 2 , Qi Yang 1 , Yuchuan Ding 2 4 ... non-surgical treatment for Moyamoya disease and Moyamoya syndrome: A comparative effectiveness study. Wang Y, Li M, Wang J. ... Moyamoya disease: a summary. Burke GM, Burke AM, Sherma AK, Hurley MC, Batjer HH, Bendok BR. Burke GM, et al. Neurosurg Focus. ...
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare, chronic vaso-occlusive disease affecting the arteries of the Circle of Willis, leading to the ... A Case Report of Moyamoya Disease Presenting as Headache in a 35-year-old Hispanic Man.. ... A Case Report of Moyamoya Disease Presenting as Headache in a 35-year-old Hispanic Man. ... A Case Report of Moyamoya Disease Presenting as Headache in a 35-year-old Hispanic Man. ...
INTRODUCTION Moyamoya disease is a rare progressive cerebrovascular disease characterized by bilateral stenosis of vasculature ... Moyamoya disease is a rare progressive cerebrovascular disease characterized by bilateral stenosis of vasculature of the Circle ... but recently there has been more research and attention given to moyamoya in Europe and North American Moyamoya disease ... Moyamoya disease was originally described in Japanese populations but is present in a variety of ethnicities.3,5,6 In Japan, ...
Treatment of acute deficits of moyamoya disease with verapamil. M. J. McLean, S. S. Gebarski, A. F.L. Van der Spek, G. W. ... Dive into the research topics of Treatment of acute deficits of moyamoya disease with verapamil. Together they form a unique ...
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Nebojša Stojanović CLINICAL FEATURES OF MOYAMOYA DISEASE yong seung Hwang,. Other cases of Moya moya disease:. Moyamoya disease ... Moyamoya disease MR Imaging, Moyamoya intracranial bleed cause, puff of smoke Moyamoya Disease DSA ... Moyamoya disease A bilateral steno occlusive disease of the intra cranial internal carotid artery.. Moyamoya is a Japanese word ... Reference: MOYAMOYA DISEASE: CLINICAL AND ANGIOGRAPHIC FEATURES Dragan Stojanov , Petar Bošnjaković, Zoran Milenković, ...
Access 786 top medical experts on Moyamoya Disease across 29 countries and 34 U.S. states, including 713 MDs (Physicians) ... Broader Categories (#Experts): Arterial Occlusive Diseases (3,636), Carotid Artery Diseases (5,023), Cerebral Arterial Diseases ... 786 top medical experts on Moyamoya Disease across 29 countries and 34 U.S. states, including 713 MDs (Physicians). This is ... Find Expert Doctors on Moyamoya Disease. Based on Scientific Publications, NIH Grants, Clinical Trials, and Medicare. *. ...
Pictures of my MoyaMoya Disease STA-MCA surgery for MoyaMoya sufferers and their families ... Moyamoya?. STA-MCA. Surgeries. Communicate. Guest Book. Message Board. Archives. LIVE Chat!. Shop MM.com. Online Store. Links. ... Moyamoya Family. Kansas City 2012. Philadelphia 2011. Las Vegas 2008. San Antonio 2007. Orlando 2006. Las Vegas 2005. SPECT ... moyamoya.com makes no claims as to the scientific/clinical validity of the information on this site OR to that of the ...
Moyamoya disease is an uncommon progressive cerebral vasculopathy that is more frequently seen in the Asian population. It has ... We report a case of moyamoya disease for emergency Caesarean section at 37 weeks of gestation. Epidural anaesthesia was ... Keywords: Caesarean section, epidural anaesthesia, moyamoya disease. Singapore Med J 2011; 52(6): e108-e110. ...
... moyamoya disease, MMD) or associated with other conditions (moyamoya syndrome, MMS), responsible for 6-10% of all childhood ... moyamoya disease, MMD) or associated with other conditions (moyamoya syndrome, MMS), responsible for 6-10% of all childhood ... Pediatric Moyamoya Disease and Syndrome in Italy: A Multicenter Cohort. Po, Chiara;Nosadini, Margherita;Zedde, Marialuisa; ... MethodsWe conducted a retrospective multicenter study on pediatric-onset MMD/MMS in Italy in order to characterize disease ...
... explained what causes moyamoya disease, how its diagnosed and what treatments are available. ... What causes moyamoya disease?. Moyamoya disease is a genetic disease where the carotid arteries in the brain become narrow over ... If moyamoya is found on both sides of the brain, its referred to as moyamoya disease. Moyamoya on one side of the brain only ... How is moyamoya disease typically found?. Moyamoya is sometimes found by accident in a person with no symptoms. For example, if ...
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare occlusive cerebrovascular disease that mainly presents in children as cerebral ischemia. ... Long-term follow-up of pediatric moyamoya disease treated by combined direct-indirect revascularization surgery: single ...
Data for consecutive patients who underwent STA-MCA MVB from 2000-2019 due to moyamoya/moyamoya-like disease, complex ... 22 with moyamoya/moyamoya-like disease (69%) underwent 27 surgeries (five bilateral); 7 with complex aneurysms (22%) and 3 with ... Its Role in Treatment of Patients with Moyamoya Disease, Cerebral Aneurysms, and Vascular Occlusive Disease. Isr Med Assoc J. ... Adult patients with moyamoya disease undergoing the STA-MCA bypass surgery between January 2013 and December 2020 at a single ...
APOE as potential biomarkers of moyamoya disease. Wu, Haibin; Xu, Jiang; Sun, Jiarong; Duan, Jian; Xiao, Jinlin; Ren, Quan; ... The mechanisms underpinning Moyamoya disease (MMD) remain unclear, and effective biomarkers remain unknown. The purpose of this ... Serum apolipoprotein E (APOE) levels were compared in 33 MMD patients and 28 Moyamoya syndrome (MMS) patients to investigate ... APOE as potential biomarkers of moyamoya disease. ...
The global moyamoya disease drugs market is anticipated to attain a CAGR of ~5% over the forecast period, i.e., 2022 - 2030. ... The global moyamoya disease drugs market is estimated to grow on the back of increasing cases of moyamoya disease especially in ... The global moyamoya disease drugs market is anticipated to attain a CAGR of ~5% over the forecast period, i.e., 2022 - 2030. ... Moyamoya disease is a vascular disorder in which the carotid artery in the skull becomes narrow, reducing blood flow to your ...
A) All patients with moyamoya disease. (B) Patients with adult moyamoya disease. (C) Patients with pediatric moyamoya disease. ... Genotype-Phenotype Correlation of the RNF213 R4810K Variant in Moyamoya Disease. Article information. J Stroke. 2023;25(2):303- ... A) Dual peak distribution of moyamoya disease. (B) A box plot of the age at onset among 3 groups of patients: homozygotes (AA ... Identification of RNF213 as a susceptibility gene for moyamoya disease and its possible role in vascular development. PLoS One ...
The origin of moyamoya disease remains unknown. The onset of the angiographically apparent changes of typical moyamoya disease ... "The origin of moyamoya disease remains unknown. The onset of the angiographically apparent changes of typical moyamoya disease ... The origin of moyamoya disease remains unknown. The onset of the angiographically apparent changes of typical moyamoya disease ... The origin of moyamoya disease remains unknown. The onset of the angiographically apparent changes of typical moyamoya disease ...
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Moyamoya disease has also been identified as a potential cause for brain ischemia. Moyamoya disease is an extremely rare ... Sparks, Gareth (2002). "What is Moyamoya disease?". eSSORTMENT. Archived from the original on 2009-03-27. Retrieved 2009-04-13 ... Brain ischemia has been linked to a variety of diseases or abnormalities. Individuals with sickle cell anemia, compressed blood ... A closely related disease to brain ischemia is brain hypoxia. Brain hypoxia is the condition in which there is a decrease in ...
Methods: Twenty-three moyamoya disease patients with ischemic presentation who received revascularization with complete ... Methods: Twenty-three moyamoya disease patients with ischemic presentation who received revascularization with complete ... Methods: Twenty-three moyamoya disease patients with ischemic presentation who received revascularization with complete ... Methods: Twenty-three moyamoya disease patients with ischemic presentation who received revascularization with complete ...
Moya Moya Disease is a condition in which important blood vessels in the brain become gradually occluded over time. This ... Determining the best treatment for a particular patient with Moya Moya Disease requires careful consideration of several ... This disease is usually discovered during childhood, though adults (more typically women) may develop the disease as well. As ... The best management for a particular patients disease depends on the degree of the stenosis (occlusion) and the quality of the ...
... and the other with moyamoya disease. Two patients were successfully treated by microsurgical procedures. The occurrence of LSA ...
Adult moyamoya disease. British Medical Journal 1993; 307 :852 (Published 02 October 1993) ... lipoprotein in relation to coronary heart disease. British Medical Journal 1993; 307 :832 (Published 02 October 1993) ...
  • Moyamoya syndrome is unilateral arterial constriction, or occurs when one of the several specified conditions is also present. (wikipedia.org)
  • Patients with Down syndrome, sickle cell anemia, neurofibromatosis type 1, congenital heart disease, fibromuscular dysplasia, activated protein C resistance, or head trauma can develop moyamoya malformations. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the presence of these risk factors, the condition is referred to as moyamoya syndrome . (medscape.com)
  • Pial synangiosis in patients with moyamoya syndrome and sickle cell anemia: perioperative management and surgical outcome. (snacc.org)
  • Also known as Moyamoya syndrome , a form of brain disease involving "the spontaneous occlusion of one or usually both internal carotid arteries in the intracranial region resulting in the formation of a fine network of neovascularity ( blood vessel growth) at the base of the brain. (everything2.com)
  • Moyamoya disease and Moyamoya syndrome are rare disorders that lead to progressive narrowing of the arteries going to the brain. (davidaltschulmd.com)
  • Secondary moyamoya phenomenon or moyamoya syndrome (MMS) occurs in a wide range of clinical scenarios including prothrombotic states such as sickle cell anemia, but the association with other hemoglobinopathies is less frequently observed. (jpgmonline.com)
  • [3] These are classified as having moyamoya syndrome (MMS). (jpgmonline.com)
  • I admit, I don't remember learning about moyamoya disease/syndrome in medical school. (medicineandtechnology.com)
  • The NEJM has a great review article on moyamoya disease and defines it like this: "The moyamoya syndrome is a cerebrovascular condition that predisposes affected patients to stroke in association with progressive stenosis of the intracranial internal carotid arteries and their proximal branches. (medicineandtechnology.com)
  • She had no known coagulopathies, so now I wonder if she might have had moyamoya syndrome (I doubt it). (medicineandtechnology.com)
  • 1 ] When similar clinical manifestations are associated with an underlying disorder, it is refered to as Moyamoya syndrome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, since the diagnostic criteria of this disease are mainly based on angiographic findings, it is recommended that the term Moyamoya 'syndrome' should be avoided at best. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Whole exome sequencing identifies MRVI1 as a susceptibility gene for moyamoya syndrome in neurofibromatosis type 1. (cancerindex.org)
  • When associated with other medical conditions, such as neurofibromatosis type 1, this vasculopathy is frequently reported as moyamoya syndrome. (cancerindex.org)
  • We identified the p.P186S substitution (rs35857561) in MRVI1 that segregated with moyamoya syndrome in both the Italian and German family. (cancerindex.org)
  • Individuals who have a higher risk for developing moyamoya would include those with sickle cell disease, neurofibromatosis, congenital heart disease, Down syndrome or if there is a history of cranial irradiation. (wustl.edu)
  • Aortic dissection and moyamoya disease in Turner syndrome. (massgeneral.org)
  • 11 El-Gilany A-H, Yahia S, Wahba Y. Prevalence of congenital heart diseases in children with Down syndrome in Mansoura, Egypt: a retrospective descriptive study. (thieme-connect.com)
  • The advent of disease-modifying medications appears to have significantly altered the course of MS. The administration of disease-modifying medications in the clinically isolated syndrome has been repeatedly demonstrated to delay the progression to clinically definite MS. [ 2 , 3 ] Not only may this therapy decrease relapse rates and new MRI lesions, but it may also reduce the development of confirmed disability. (medscape.com)
  • The beneficial effects of surgical revascularization on rebleeding in moyamoya disease remain unclear. (nih.gov)
  • This report is intended to clarify the effects of surgical revascularization on peripheral artery aneurysms, which represent one of the causes of intracranial bleeding in moyamoya disease. (nih.gov)
  • Clinical outcome after 450 revascularization procedures for moyamoya disease. (snacc.org)
  • Why is cerebral revascularization important in Moyamoya disease? (neurosurgery.directory)
  • What is the traditional approach for harvesting the omental flap for revascularization in Moyamoya disease? (neurosurgery.directory)
  • What is the main conclusion drawn from the systematic review regarding laparoscopic omental flap revascularization in Moyamoya disease? (neurosurgery.directory)
  • In patients with Moyamoya disease , cerebral revascularization using a pedicled omental flap has proven to be a viable option following direct revascularization procedures. (neurosurgery.directory)
  • herein we describe outcomes from a 10-year experience of laparoscopic harvesting of pedicled omental flap for cerebral revascularization in Moyamoya patients. (neurosurgery.directory)
  • This technique is feasible in adults who require salvage cerebral revascularization for Moyamoya disease 2) . (neurosurgery.directory)
  • Surgical revascularization remains the standard treatment for symptomatic moyamoya disease (MMD). (bvsalud.org)
  • In short, the authors report that moyamoya disease likely occurs due to a number of factors (e.g., differences in vascular anatomy) that ultimately contribute to broad cerebral blood vessel occlusion and consequent shifts in vessel connections to try to provide blood for the compromised brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • The disease causes constrictions primarily in the internal carotid artery, and often extends to the middle and anterior cerebral arteries, branches of the internal carotid artery inside the skull. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moyamoya disease is a progressive, occlusive disease of the cerebral vasculature with particular involvement of the circle of Willis and the arteries that feed it. (medscape.com)
  • Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a progressive occlusive disease of the distal internal carotid artery that is primarily treated by superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass. (nih.gov)
  • Approximately 30% of patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) have presented with involvement of the posterior circulation, mainly the posterior cerebral artery (PCA). (qxmd.com)
  • Dr Profyris is trained and skilled in cerebral bypass surgery and has performed several bypass procedures for Moya Moya Disease. (drprofyris.com)
  • MRIs and cerebral angiograms are common tests that will confirm a diagnosis and determine the extent of the disease and the treatment options. (newstrendline.com)
  • The first step in diagnosing moyamoya is a brain imaging test called a cerebral angiogram. (newstrendline.com)
  • Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of all patients with Moyamoya disease who underwent laparoscopic omental cerebral transposition between 2011 and 2021. (neurosurgery.directory)
  • It is characterized by progressive stenosis of terminal portions of internal carotid arteries bilaterally, and the main trunks of Anterior and Middle Cerebral Artery, and is associated with collateral vessels at the base of the brain ('moyamoya' vessels). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moyamoya angiopathy is a progressive cerebral vasculopathy. (cancerindex.org)
  • Cerebral angiography - an X-ray study of the blood vessels using a dye - is the principal form of imaging used for the diagnosis of moyamoya disease. (wustl.edu)
  • When magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) demonstrate blockage of carotid arteries and moyamoya vessels on both sides, a cerebral angiogram is not needed for a diagnosis. (wustl.edu)
  • La angiografía cerebral muestra las colaterales en humo de cigarrillo (moyamoya) en la base del cráneo. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cerebral angiogram shows the puff-of-smoke (moyamoya) collaterals at the base of the brain. (bvsalud.org)
  • This is an almost 400-page book on the current status of all things relating to Moyamoya disease (MMD) definition, etiology, status of research, diagnostic modalities, and treatment options. (neurosurgery.directory)
  • Moyamoya is a rare cerebrovascular disease of unknown etiology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moyamoya disease is a rare progressive vaso-occlusive disorder of an unknown etiology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The recent identification of the RNF213 founder mutation (p.R4810K) in the Asian population has made a significant contribution, but the etiology of this disease remains unclear. (mcmaster.ca)
  • On conventional angiography, these collateral vessels have the appearance of a "puff of smoke" (described as "もやもや (moyamoya)" in Japanese). (wikipedia.org)
  • The disease moyamoya, which is a Japanese mimetic word, gets its characteristic name due to the appearance of smoke on relevant angiographs resultant from the tangle of tiny vessels in response to stenosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The term moyamoya (Japanese for "puff of smoke") refers to the appearance on angiography of abnormal vascular collateral networks that develop adjacent to the stenotic vessels. (medscape.com)
  • Pathologically, moyamoya disease is characterized by intimal thickening in the walls of the terminal portions of the internal carotid vessels bilaterally. (medscape.com)
  • Progressive stenosis of distal intracranial internal carotid arteries with a smoke-like appearance from collateral vessels in angiography is characteristic of Moyamoya disease [ 3 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • The Department of Neurosurgery at Rutgers Health and RWJBarnabas Health treats rare neurological conditions, including moyamoya disease, a progressive disorder affecting cerebrovascular blood vessels. (rwjbh.org)
  • Moyamoya is a progressive disease affecting the blood vessels of the brain. (rwjbh.org)
  • Because it is blocked, smaller blood vessels ("moyamoya" vessels) attempt to compensate by opening up to supply blood to the brain. (rwjbh.org)
  • Moya Moya disease is a rare cerebrovascular disorder that affects the blood vessels in the brain. (drprofyris.com)
  • Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare disorder characterized by cerebrovascular occlusion and development of hemorrhage-prone collateral vessels. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Aneurysms were classified into two primary anatomical categories: those of the Circle of Willis (CoW) and those of peripheral "moyamoya" collateral vessels. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Moyamoya" is a Japanese term that means "puff of smoke," which is used to describe the hazy appearance of these small vessels on an angiogram. (wustl.edu)
  • Moyamoya is a result of the blood vessels creating new paths of delivery because of a blockage or narrowing of a larger vessel. (wustl.edu)
  • The characteristic findings of moyamoya disease on an angiogram are traditionally described in stages, which progress from early narrowing of the carotid arteries to the formation of moyamoya vessels and then to the disappearance of these vessels with maintenance of blood flow by the external carotid and vertebral arterial systems. (wustl.edu)
  • This test can't diagnose early stages of moyamoya disease. (mayoclinic.org)
  • The stages of moyamoya disease may be different for each patient. (newstrendline.com)
  • Medical treatment seems to be not entirely helpful in the treatment of Moyamoya disease. (intechopen.com)
  • The Moyamoya Center at Washington University School of Medicine is a leading national program that is advancing the understanding and treatment of moyamoya disease. (wustl.edu)
  • 2: The Harvard neurosurgery website gives the translation as " Puff of smoke " - thanks to gn0sis who informed me that moyamoya is an adjective , not a noun . (everything2.com)
  • The authors provide a tangible explanation of the occurrence of moyamoya phenomenon in the idiopathic and syndromic variants of the disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our aim was to investigate whether, among Caucasians, additive genetic factors may contribute to the occurrence of moyamoya in neurofibromatosis type 1. (cancerindex.org)
  • However, most of the physicians still prescribe the antithrombotic drug for Moyamoya patients with an ischemic event. (intechopen.com)
  • Antihypertensive drugs are routinely prescribed in Moyamoya patients with or without elevated blood pressure. (intechopen.com)
  • The study from Japan in 2007 reported the annual risk of any stroke as 3.2% in 34 non-surgically treated Moyamoya patients (mean follow up over 44 months) [ 1 , 2 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • Moyamoya disease is also more common in individuals with patients who have neurofibromatosis type 2. (rwjbh.org)
  • Ages for patients with moyamoya disease range from 6 months to 67 years, with the highest peak in the first decade and smaller peaks in the third and fourth decades. (medscape.com)
  • We aimed to assess 5-year changes in cognitive function in adult moyamoya disease patients and to evaluate the value of the magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) steno-occlusive score to predict cognitive changes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Conclusions: Specific cognitive domains can decline over time in patients with adult moyamoya disease. (elsevierpure.com)
  • what is the range of the clinical observation period for pediatric moyamoya patients who underwent omental transplantation? (neurosurgery.directory)
  • We report a case series of 13 patients who presented with moyamoya disease to a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan with a national referral base. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We conducted a retrospective review of thirteen patients who presented to The Aga Khan University and diagnosed with "Moyamoya Disease" during the period 1988 - 2006. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We report 13 patients presenting to The Aga Khan University diagnosed with "Moyamoya Disease" during the period 1988 - 2006, according to the retrospective search query in the hospital database. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We conducted a systematic review of the literature to evaluate the efficacy of various treatment modalities for intracranial aneurysms (IA) in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) based on anatomical location of IA. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The rs35857561 polymorphism in MRVI1 may be a genetic susceptibility factor for moyamoya in European patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. (cancerindex.org)
  • My goal is to ensure the best possible outcome for patients afflicted with stroke, cerebrovascular and skull base diseases. (uky.edu)
  • On the other hand, the availability of increasingly effective treatments for MS that are associated with greater risk and the potential for their earlier administration in the course of the disease raises the risk of serious harm being done to patients who have been misdiagnosed. (medscape.com)
  • Depending on its severity, moyamoya may progress to one or more aneurysms. (newstrendline.com)
  • Moyamoya disease and strokes are both treatable in the stroke center. (rwjbh.org)
  • Because this is still insufficient, it leads to a serious reduction in oxygen delivery, and this deprivation causes the Moyamoya symptoms, such as stroke. (rwjbh.org)
  • If Moyamoya causes stroke, as it is likely to do because of the inadequate oxygenated blood supply to the brain, the patient may suffer from permanent side effects as a result. (rwjbh.org)
  • Moyamoya disease symptoms may go away on their own or they may signal the onset of an ischemic stroke, which can damage the brain. (newstrendline.com)
  • Since MMS is a progressive disease, it is important to diagnose and initiate treatment to prevent worsening of the disease and recurrence of stroke. (jpgmonline.com)
  • Although moyamoya disease (MMD) is a common cause of transient ischemic stroke in Asian children and young adults, there have been very few cases of MMS in thalassemia published in the literature. (jpgmonline.com)
  • Without treatment, this disease will progress, lead to further damage and put the individual at risk for stroke and/or death. (wustl.edu)
  • RNF213 is a giant E3 ubiquitin ligase and a major susceptibility factor of Moyamoya disease, a cerebrovascular disorder that can result in stroke or death. (biorxiv.org)
  • RNF213/ALO17/mysterin (Ring Finger Protein 213) is the largest known human single-chain E3 ubiquitin ligase, first described as the major susceptibility factor for Moyamoya disease (MMD) ( 1 ), a disorder which causes aberrant vasculature development commonly leading to stroke and other complications ( 2 ). (biorxiv.org)
  • Over the last six decades since the disease was first described, pathogenesis of moyamoya disease remained elusive, although the gene ring finger protein 213 (RNF213) has been implicated. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 3 ] A genome-wide association study identified RNF213 as the first gene associated with moyamoya. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 ] One meta-analysis demonstrated that there are strong associations between p.R4859K and p.R4810K polymorphisms of the RNF213 gene and moyamoya disease. (medscape.com)
  • The p.R4810K substitution in RNF213 has previously been linked to moyamoya disease in Asian populations. (cancerindex.org)
  • In addition to the scientific and clinical information, the book clearly indicates that recent years have been substantial progress in our understanding of the disease. (neurosurgery.directory)
  • Whether these particular patterns of presentation are universal, and if not, what differences exist from the conventional findings are some of the questions that remain to be answered with respect to this particular disease, The aim of this article is to describe our clinical experience with Moyamoya disease in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dr. Spooner is a clinical consultant in general clinical cardiology with a specialized focus on acute aortic syndromes, aortic aneurysmal disease, aortic valvular disease, coronary artery disease, cardiac stress testing and myocardial perfusion imaging. (massgeneral.org)
  • Moyamoya disease is an idiopathic, nonatherosclerotic, noninflammatory, chronic progressive cerebrovascular disease characterized by bilateral stenosis or occlusion of the arteries around the circle of Willis, typically the supraclinoid internal carotid arteries, followed by extensive collateralization, which are prone to thrombosis, aneurysm, and hemorrhage. (jpgmonline.com)
  • It is non atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease characterized by bilateral internal carotid stenosis or occlusion, and abnormal vascular network at the base of the brain. (org.pk)
  • Moyamoya means "puff of smoke" in Japanese and is most prevalent in the Japanese population, where it affects mostly females under the age of 20. (rwjbh.org)
  • Moyamoya" is a Japanese word which means hazy like a puff of smoke in the air. (jpgmonline.com)
  • Moya Moya Disease (MDD) is a rare cerebrovascular pathology. (org.pk)
  • Cilostazol for the management of moyamoya disease: a systematic review of the early evidence, efficacy, safety, and future directions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Diagnosis of Moya Moya disease often involves a combination of medical imaging, such as a CT or MRI scan, and other tests such as angiography. (drprofyris.com)
  • Noninvasive imaging techniques also may be used in the diagnosis of moyamoya disease. (wustl.edu)
  • Once the diagnosis is confirmed, other imaging techniques may be used to measure blood flow and other aspects of the recovery and disease. (wustl.edu)
  • Repeated studies have convincingly demonstrated that early treatment is critical in decreasing the rate of disease progression and, therefore, establishing the diagnosis in a timely fashion and initiating treatment is imperative. (medscape.com)
  • The arterial constrictions in moyamoya disease are unlike the constrictions in atherosclerosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Knowledge of arterial anatomy, variants, and areas involved in disease is essential to define the location of neurovascular lesions, delineate the extent and involvement of branching perforators, and assess the effects on downstream perfusion. (medscape.com)
  • Background and purpose Alteration of the cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) in the frontal lobes has been associated with cognitive dysfunction in adults with moyamoya disease (MMD). (bmj.com)
  • Moya Moya disease typically affects children and young adults, but can also affect older people. (drprofyris.com)
  • What causes moyamoya in adults? (newstrendline.com)
  • report our techniques and outcomes in 2 adults with Moyamoya to undergo such a procedure. (neurosurgery.directory)
  • Moyamoya can cause strokes in children and adults. (medicineandtechnology.com)
  • The patterns of presentation of Moyamoya disease reported in the literature so far have shown several consistent features, such as hemiparesis, monoparesis or sensory disturbances reflecting TIA in children, or intracerebral, intraventricular and/or sub-arachnoid haemorrhage in adults. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moyamoya most commonly affects children but adults may have the condition. (wustl.edu)
  • This disease primarily affects children but can also occur in adults. (bvsalud.org)
  • Diagnosing moyamoya disease means reviewing your symptoms and discussing any medical history of strokes or other disorders. (rwjbh.org)
  • Physicians when dealing with childhood strokes and characteristic deficits in adult population should consider Moyamoya disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Some cases may also be linked to disorders such as sickle cell disease or neurofibromatosis. (drprofyris.com)
  • Moyamoya is a neurological disease that affects the central nervous system. (newstrendline.com)
  • Prominent MS mimickers, many with features of focal neurological disease separated in both time and space, are discussed in this article. (medscape.com)
  • Comprehensive knowledge of anatomy forms the basis for understanding and treatment of neurological disease. (medscape.com)
  • Inclusion in the update does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. (cdc.gov)
  • Delayed posterior circulation insufficiency in pediatric moyamoya disease. (qxmd.com)
  • Named for the abnormal vascular networks found around the occluded distal internal carotid artery, it is the most common pediatric cerebrovascular disease in East Asia. (neurosurgery.directory)
  • Intriguingly, most cases of moyamoya-complicated neurofibromatosis type 1 have been described in Caucasians, inverting the population ratio observed in Asians, although prevalence of neurofibromatosis type 1 is constant worldwide. (cancerindex.org)
  • Whole exome sequencing was carried out on an Italian family with moyamoya-complicated neurofibromatosis type 1 to identify putative genetic modifiers independent of the NF1 locus and potentially involved in moyamoya pathogenesis. (cancerindex.org)
  • A symptom of moyamoya is a narrowing of the internal carotid artery, located at the base of the brain. (newstrendline.com)
  • Blood thinners are typically recommended if you've been diagnosed with moyamoya disease and you have mild or no symptoms. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Symptoms of Moya Moya disease can vary depending on the individual, but common symptoms can include headaches, weakness or numbness on one side of the body, difficulty in speaking or understanding speech, and visual disturbances. (drprofyris.com)
  • While there is no specific cure for moyamoya, doctors have found several treatments that can help control the symptoms. (newstrendline.com)
  • The disease may progress slowly, with only a few TIAs, or rapidly, with severe symptoms. (newstrendline.com)
  • Moyamoya disease is a chronic steno-occlusive cerebrovascular disease characterized by progressive occlusion of bilateral distal ICA with a fine basal collateral network development. (intechopen.com)
  • Treatment for Moya Moya disease often involves surgery to improve blood flow to the brain. (drprofyris.com)
  • This is a case of an STA-MCA bypass performed by Dr Profyris for Moya Moya Disease. (drprofyris.com)
  • Also, we report two cases with Moya-Moya disease and one case with atlanto-axial dislocation. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Moreover, Mineharu suggested that familial moyamoya disease is autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance that depends on age and genomic imprinting factors. (medscape.com)
  • 608796). See also MYMY4 (300845), an X-linked recessive syndromic disorder characterized by moyamoya disease, short stature, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, and facial dysmorphism, and linked to q25.3, on chromosome 17. (wikipedia.org)
  • About 10% of cases of moyamoya disease are familial, and some cases result from specific genetic mutations. (wikipedia.org)
  • The disease is believed to be genetic. (medscape.com)
  • The exact cause of the disease is unknown, but it may be genetic in nature. (drprofyris.com)
  • Moyamoya disease is a disease in which certain arteries in the brain are constricted. (wikipedia.org)
  • Several tests are generally needed to diagnose moyamoya disease and any underlying conditions. (mayoclinic.org)
  • It is difficult to diagnose moyamoya disease, because the symptom s are easily confused with those of other disorder s. (everything2.com)
  • Cilostazol is a selective phosphodiesterase III inhibitor with antiplatelet, antithrombotic, and vasodilatory effects commonly used in peripheral vascular disease . (bvsalud.org)
  • [ 1 ] beginning with a summary of key general considerations, proceeding to a review of the main neurologic complications that may arise in pregnant people who were previously free of neurologic disease, and concluding with a discussion of individual neurologic disorders in the context of pregnancy. (medscape.com)
  • In September 2021, a south Indian researcher has proposed a pathbreaking theory on moyamoya pathogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Coined the "Mechano-biological theory", the disease has a multifactorial pathogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ischemic or hemorrhagic event in Moyamoya disease is not preventable with any medical treatment. (intechopen.com)
  • Moreover, the standard guidelines recommend administering antithrombotic medications to treat Moyamoya with the ischemic event, even the risk of hemorrhagic complication. (intechopen.com)
  • In the United States, the disease is very rare, occurring less than once in every 100,000 people, according to the National Organization for Rare Disorders. (rwjbh.org)
  • In addition, it is important to understand that moyamoya disease may occur alone or in association with other underlying disorders. (newstrendline.com)
  • Moyamoya disease (MMD) was first reported as a new entity among vascular disorders in 1957. (neurosurgery.directory)
  • This may also be considered as moyamoya being secondary to the primary condition. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moyamoya disease occurs primarily in Asians but can also occur (with varying degrees of severity) in whites, blacks, Haitians, and Hispanics. (medscape.com)
  • The disease causes the arteries at the base of the brain to narrow and become blocked, leading to reduced blood flow to the brain. (drprofyris.com)
  • The physicians concluded that Erin had moyamoya disease, which causes brain damage. (newstrendline.com)
  • Brain ischemia has been linked to a variety of diseases or abnormalities. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moyamoya disease is a rare blood vessel (vascular) disorder in which the large arteries in the skull become blocked or narrowed, reducing blood flow to the brain. (wustl.edu)
  • Objective: The long-term outcomes of cognitive function in moyamoya disease remain unknown. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Rare Disease PHGKB is an online, continuously updated, searchable database of published scientific literature, CDC and NIH resources, and other information that address the public health impact and translation of genomic and other precision health discoveries into improved health outcomes related to rare diseases. (cdc.gov)