Muscle Hypertonia
Muscle Spasticity
A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a "free interval") followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54)
Evaluating the role of botulinum toxin in the management of focal hypertonia in adults. (1/79)
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of EMG guided botulinum toxin (BTX-A) on impairment and focal disability in adults presenting with focal hypertonia. METHODS: A prospective, randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, parallel group trial was carried out with standardised assessment before and at 3 week intervals until 12 weeks after injection, in patients with focal hypertonia affecting upper or lower limbs. Botulinum toxin or placebo was injected with EMG guidance after multidisciplinary assessment. The modified Ashworth scale of spasticity, percentage passive range of joint motion, subjective rating of problem severity, the Rivermead motor assessment scale, a timed 10 metre walk (lower limb patients), nine hole peg test (upper limb patients), and a modified goal attainment scale were used as outcome measures. The patients were 52 adults; 34 male, 18 female; mean age 40.31, range 16-79 years; mean duration of symptoms 35 months (range 3 months to 22 years). Diagnoses included cerebrovascular accidents (23), head injury (12), incomplete spinal cord injury (six), tumour (five), cerebral palsy (three), and anoxic episodes (three). RESULTS: For each variable an overall score for the treatment period was computed by summing the scores from the 3, 6, 9, and 12 week assessments. These overall scores were significantly better in the treated group for the Ashworth scale, percentage passive range of movement, Rivermead lower limb, and subjective rating of problem severity. The significant treatment effect on the Ashworth scale was seen on analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 3 weeks and the subjective rating of problem severity at 3 and 6 weeks. The goal attainment scale score in both groups was similar at 12 weeks. CONCLUSION: Selective use of botulinum toxin to weaken muscles can lead to a reduction in resistance to passive movement about a distal limb joint. This allows for improvements in passive range of movement and focal disability, particularly in patients presenting with focal spasticity of the lower limb. (+info)Functional evidence of a constitutively active population of alpha(1D)-adrenoceptors in rat aorta. (2/79)
After depletion of intracellular calcium stores sensitive to noradrenaline, a spontaneous increase in the resting tone (IRT) when incubated in Ca(2+)-containing solution was observed in isolated rat aorta, but not in tail artery. This IRT does not depend on agonist activation of alpha(1)-adrenoceptors but it is inhibited by prazosin. A close relationship was found between the inhibitory potencies of prazosin (pIC(50) = 9.833), BMY 7378 (pIC(50) = 8.924), and 5-methylurapidil (pIC(50) = 7.883) against IRT and their affinities for cloned alpha(1D)-adrenoceptors. Chloroethylclonidine (100 micromol. l(-1)) did not inhibit the IRT. After depletion of internal calcium stores by noradrenaline in absence of the agonist, loading in Ca(2+)-containing solution also brings about an increase in the inositol phosphate (IP) levels in rat aorta (not seen in tail artery) that is inhibited by prazosin (1 micromol. l(-1)), BMY 7378 (10 micromol. l(-1)), and 5-methylurapidil (10 micromol. l(-1)), thus confirming the results obtained in contractile studies. Chloroethylclonidine (100 micromol. l(-1)) did not inhibit this IP accumulation. The fact that the IRT and the IP accumulation related to it can be selectively inhibited by different alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonists suggests the existence of a population of alpha(1D)-adrenoceptors that show constitutive activity in rat aorta, not in tail artery. (+info)Intrathecal baclofen for spastic hypertonia from stroke. (3/79)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We sought to determine whether continuous intrathecal delivery of baclofen can effectively decrease spastic hypertonia due to stroke. METHODS: Stroke patients with >6 months of intractable spasticity were screened via a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design of either intrathecal normal saline or 50 microgram baclofen. Those who dropped an average of 2 points in either their affected lower extremity side Ashworth or Penn spasm frequency scores were then offered computer-controlled pump implantation for continuous ITB and followed prospectively for up to 12 months. RESULTS: In 21 stroke patients 6 hours after the active drug bolus, the average (+/-SD) lower extremity Ashworth score on the affected extremities decreased from 3.3+/-1.2 to 1.4+/-0.7 (P<0.0001), spasm score from 1.2+/-1.2 to 0.1+/-0.3 (P=0.0224), and reflex score from 2.1+/-1.2 to 0.1+/-0.5 (P<0.0001). The average upper extremity Ashworth score on the affected extremities decreased from 2.8+/-1.1 to 1.8+/-0.8 (P<0.0001), spasm score from 0.7+/-1.0 to 0.2+/-0.4 (P=0.1544), and reflex score from 2.1+/-0.9 to 1.2+/-0.9 (P=0.0004). All active drug scores were statistically different from placebo scores at 6 hours (P<0.05). With up to 12 months of continuous infusion of ITB in 17 implanted patients, the average lower extremity Ashworth score on the affected extremities decreased from 3.7+/-1.0 to 1.8+/-1.1 (P<0.0001), the spasm score dropped from 1.2+/-1.3 to 0.6+/-1.0 (P=0.4282), and the reflex score decreased from 2.4+/-1.3 to 1.0+/-1.3 (P<0.0001). The average upper extremity Ashworth score in the affected extremities decreased from 3.2+/-1.1 to 1.8+/-0.9 (P<0.0001), the spasm score dropped from 0.7+/-1.0 to 0.3+/-0.8 (P=0.8685), and the reflex score decreased from 2.4+/-0.8 to 1.5+/-1.2 (P=0.3337). The average continuous ITB dose required to attain these effects was 268 microgram/d. CONCLUSIONS: Intrathecal infusion of baclofen is capable of maintaining a reduction in the spastic hypertonia resulting from stroke. (+info)Nature and nurture in vitamin B12 deficiency. (4/79)
We report on a child in whom severe nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency was exacerbated by a genetic impairment of the folate cycle, causing reduced CSF concentrations of the methyl group donor 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. Some patients with vitamin B12 deficiency may benefit from high dose folic acid supplementation, even if plasma concentrations are high. (+info)ALG12 mannosyltransferase defect in congenital disorder of glycosylation type lg. (5/79)
In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of eukaryotes, N-linked glycans are first assembled on the lipid carrier dolichyl pyrophosphate. The GlcNAc(2)Man(9)Glc(3) oligosaccharide is transferred to selected asparagine residues of nascent polypeptides. Defects along the biosynthetic pathway of N-glycans are associated with severe multisystemic syndromes called congenital disorders of glycosylation. Here, we describe a deficiency in the ALG12 ER alpha1,6-mannosyltransferase resulting in a novel type of glycosylation disorder. The severe disease was identified in a child presenting with psychomotor retardation, hypotonia, growth retardation, dysmorphic features and anorexia. In the patient's fibroblasts, the biosynthetic intermediate GlcNAc(2)Man(7) oligosaccharide was detected both on the lipid carrier dolichyl pyrophosphate and on newly synthesized glycoproteins, thus pointing to a defect in the dolichyl pyrophosphate-GlcNAc(2)Man(7)-dependent ALG12 alpha1,6 mannosyltransferase. Analysis of the ALG12 cDNA in the CDG patient revealed compound heterozygosity for two point mutations that resulted in the amino acid substitutions T67M and R146Q, respectively. The impact of these mutations on ALG12 protein function was investigated in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae alg12 glycosylation mutant by showing that the yeast ALG12 gene bearing the homologous mutations T61M and R161Q and the human mutant ALG12 cDNA alleles failed to normalize the growth defect phenotype of the alg12 yeast model, whereas expression of the normal ALG12 cDNA complemented the yeast mutation. The ALG12 mannosyltransferase defect defines a new type of congenital disorder of glycosylation, designated CDG-Ig. (+info)Managing older patients with urinary retention in the Continence Clinic. (6/79)
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the Continence Clinic for managing retention of urine in older patients. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Continence Clinic, Fung Yiu King Hospital, Hong Kong. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Case notes of 58 patients seen at the Fung Yiu King Hospital Continence Clinic from October 1997 to September 2001 were reviewed. The patients had retention of urine with post-void residual volume of more than 200 mL, retention of urine requiring catheterization, or had catheters for unknown reasons. RESULTS: Urodynamic study performed for 22 (38%) patients showed that 12 had detrusor underactivity, six had detrusor hyperactivity with impaired contraction, and four had bladder outlet obstruction. Among the patients who were initially catheterized, the success rate for gradually stopping reliance on urinary catheterization was 84%. The success rate was higher among those who did not undergo urodynamic study than among those who had the study done (95% versus 67%; P=0.03). Reduction in post-void residual volume was observed at the last clinic visits (P<0.0001). Moreover, significant decreases in post-void residual volume were found both for patients who did and did not have urodynamic study. CONCLUSION: Most of the older patients with urinary retention with or without indwelling catheters were treated successfully in the Continence Clinic by appropriate medical therapy. Urodynamic study can be performed for selected patients when managing urinary retention. (+info)Urinary bladder instability induced by selective suppression of the murine small conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK3) channel. (7/79)
Small conductance, calcium-activated potassium (SK) channels have an important role in determining the excitability and contractility of urinary bladder smooth muscle. Here, the role of the SK isoform SK3 was examined by altering expression levels of the SK3 gene using a mouse model that conditionally overexpresses SK3 channels (SK3T/T). Prominent SK3 immunostaining was found in both the smooth muscle (detrusor) and urothelium layers of the urinary bladder. SK currents were elevated 2.4-fold in isolated myocytes from SK3T/T mice. Selective suppression of SK3 expression by dietary doxycycline (DOX) decreased SK current density in isolated myocytes, increased phasic contractions of isolated urinary bladder smooth muscle strips and exposed high affinity effects of the blocker apamin of the SK isoforms (SK1-3), suggesting an additional participation from SK2 channels. The role of SK3 channels in urinary bladder function was assessed using cystometry in conscious, freely moving mice. The urinary bladders of SK3T/T had significantly greater bladder capacity, and urine output exceeded the infused saline volume. Suppression of SK3 channel expression did not alter filling pressure, threshold pressure or bladder capacity, but micturition pressure was elevated compared to control mice. However, SK3 suppression did eliminate excess urine production and caused a marked increase in non-voiding contractions. The ability to examine bladder function in mice in which SK3 channel expression is selectively altered reveals that these channels have a significant role in the control of non-voiding contractions in vivo. Activation of these channels may be a therapeutic approach for management of non-voiding contractions, a condition which characterizes many types of urinary bladder dysfunctions including urinary incontinence. (+info)The use of casts in the management of joint mobility and hypertonia following brain injury in adults: a systematic review. (8/79)
Many controversies exist regarding the practicality, the theoretical premises, and the supporting evidence for the use of casts in the management of joint hypomobility and hypertonia (ie, increase in joint resistance to passive movement resulting from hyperactivity of the stretch reflex and/or changes in the muscles and connective tissues). The purpose of this review was to determine current best practice for the use of casting in the rehabilitation of adults with brain injury. A systematic review was undertaken to find studies that quantified the effectiveness of casting in adults with brain injury. Thirteen articles that presented experimental or case report evidence on casting were analyzed using Sackett's levels of evidence and were examined for scientific rigor. A grade B recommendation is given for the use of casting to increase passive range of motion or to prevent its loss, and implications for further research are provided. (+info)Muscle hypertonia is a state of increased muscle tone leading to reduced ability of passive stretch, which can be caused by various conditions such as upper motor neuron lesions, spasticity, rigidity, or drugs affecting the nervous system.
Muscle hypertonia is a term used to describe an increased tone or tension in the muscles, which can be caused by various medical conditions. This state leads to a reduced ability to stretch the muscle fully, and it may interfere with normal movement. The two main types of muscle hypertonia are spasticity and rigidity.
1. Spasticity: It is a velocity-dependent increase in muscle tone, which means that the resistance to passive movement increases as the speed of the movement increases. This type of hypertonia is often associated with upper motor neuron lesions, such as those caused by stroke, spinal cord injury, or multiple sclerosis.
2. Rigidity: It is a constant and non-velocity dependent increase in muscle tone, meaning that the resistance to passive movement remains consistent regardless of the speed. This type of hypertonia can be seen in conditions like Parkinson's disease.
It is essential to diagnose and manage muscle hypertonia effectively to prevent complications such as contractures, pain, and decreased functional abilities. Treatment options may include physical therapy, medications (like antispasticity agents), orthoses, or surgical interventions in severe cases.
Muscle spasticity is a motor disorder characterized by an involuntary increase in muscle tone, leading to stiffness and spasms, resulting from hyperexcitability of the stretch reflex due to damage to the upper motor neurons in the brain or spinal cord.
Muscle spasticity is a motor disorder characterized by an involuntary increase in muscle tone, leading to stiffness and difficulty in moving muscles. It is often seen in people with damage to the brain or spinal cord, such as those with cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, or spinal cord injuries.
In muscle spasticity, the muscles may contract excessively, causing rigid limbs, awkward movements, and abnormal postures. The severity of muscle spasticity can vary from mild stiffness to severe contractures that limit mobility and function.
Muscle spasticity is caused by an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory signals in the central nervous system, leading to overactivity of the alpha motor neurons that control muscle contraction. This can result in hyperreflexia (overactive reflexes), clonus (rapid, rhythmic muscle contractions), and flexor or extensor spasms.
Effective management of muscle spasticity may involve a combination of physical therapy, medication, surgery, or other interventions to improve function, reduce pain, and prevent complications such as contractures and pressure sores.
Hypertonia
Spastic hypertonia involves uncontrollable muscle spasms, stiffening or straightening out of muscles, shock-like contractions ... In contrast, in rigidity, the resting muscle shows firing. Dystonic hypertonia refers to muscle resistance to passive ... Rigidity is a severe state of hypertonia where muscle resistance occurs throughout the entire range of motion of the affected ... Bakheit, A.M.; Fheodoroff, K.; Molteni, F. (2011). "Spasticity or Reversible Muscle Hypertonia?". Journal of Rehabilitation ...
Spinal cord
These include hyperreflexia, hypertonia and muscle weakness. Lower motor neuronal damage results in its own characteristic ... Neurogenic shock lasts for weeks and can lead to a loss of muscle tone due to disuse of the muscles below the injured site. The ... Additionally, lower motor neurons are characterized by muscle weakness, hypotonia, hyporeflexia and muscle atrophy. Spinal ... Overall, spontaneous embryonic activity has been shown to play a role in neuron and muscle development but is probably not ...
Paratonia
Muscle tone Hypertonia Hypotonia Dementia Dupré, E (1910). "Débilité mentale et débilité motrice associées" [Mental disability ... Paratonia is the inability to relax muscles during muscle tone assessment. There are two types of paratonia: oppositional and ... AL-Zamil, Z.M.; Hassan, N.; Hassan, W. (2016-09-04). "Reduction of Elbow Flexor and Extensor Spasticity Following Muscle ... during repetitive continuous or discontinuous elbow movements may help distinguish paratonia from other forms of altered muscle ...
Tay-Sachs disease
There may also be listlessness or muscle stiffness (hypertonia). The disease is classified into several forms, which are ...
Muscle tone
... hypertonia) muscle tone. Another form of hypertonia is paratonia, which is associated with dementia. Hypotonia is seen in lower ... residual muscle tension or tonus) is the continuous and passive partial contraction of the muscles, or the muscle's resistance ... "muscle cramps". Treating these extensor or flexor group of muscles in isolation can be difficult. Generally, muscle relaxants ... In skeletal muscles, this helps maintain a normal posture. Resting muscle tone varies along a bell-shaped curve. Low tone is ...
Hydranencephaly
However, after a few weeks the infant sometimes becomes irritable and has increased muscle tone (hypertonia). After several ...
Williams syndrome
As people with WS age, they frequently develop joint limitations and hypertonia, or abnormally increased muscle tone. ... Other symptoms include failure to gain weight appropriately in infancy (failure to thrive) and low muscle tone. People with WS ... Physical therapy is helpful to patients with joint stiffness and low muscle tone. Developmental and speech therapy can also ... orthopedic assessments on joints and muscle tone, and ongoing feeding and dietary assessments to manage constipation and ...
Dyskinetic cerebral palsy
Motor impairments, such as impaired muscle tone regulations, lack of muscle control and bone deformations are often more severe ... and hypertonia. Dystonia is aggravated by voluntary movements and postures, or with stress, emotion or pain. A video of ... Dyskinetic cerebral palsy (DCP) is a subtype of cerebral palsy (CP) and is characterized by impaired muscle tone regulation, ... Dystonia (DYS) is defined by twisting and repetitive movements, abnormal postures due to sustained muscle contractions, ...
Acquired brain injury
Singer, B; Dunne, Allison (2001). "Reflex and non-reflex elements of hypertonia in triceps surea muscles following acquired ... Physical therapy and other professions may be utilized post- brain injury in order to control muscle tone, regain normal ...
Jumping Frenchmen of Maine
The symptoms begin in infancy with hypertonia, an abnormal muscle tension that decreases flexibility, and an exaggerated ...
Paratriathlon classification
PT2 - Athletes with mobility impairments such as muscle power, limb deficiency, hypertonia, ataxia or athetosis that have a ... PT3 - Athletes with mobility impairments such as muscle power, limb deficiency, hypertonia, ataxia or athetosis that have a ... PT4 - Athletes with mobility impairments such as muscle power, limb deficiency, hypertonia, ataxia or athetosis that have a ... PT1 - Athletes with mobility impairments such as muscle power, limb deficiency, hypertonia, ataxia or athetosis that render ...
Prenatal cocaine exposure
Some PCE children experience hypertonia (excessive muscle tone), and reduced reflexes and motor function have been found in ...
Adductor muscles of the hip
These children often have hypertonia of the adductor muscles, making abduction difficult, obstructing normal hip development, ... The adductor muscles of the hip are a group of muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh mostly used for bringing the ... The pectineus is the only adductor muscle that is innervated by the femoral nerve. The other adductor muscles are innervated by ... In 33% of people a supernumerary muscle is found between the adductor brevis and adductor minimus. When present, this muscle ...
Paralympic sports
Hypertonia - Hypertonia is marked by an abnormal increase in muscle tension and reduced ability of a muscle to stretch. ... Impaired muscle power - With impairments in this category, the force generated by muscles, such as the muscles of one limb, one ... Hypertonia may result from injury, disease, or conditions which involve damage to the central nervous system (e.g. cerebral ... palsy). Ataxia - Ataxia is an impairment that consists of a lack of coordination of muscle movements (e.g. cerebral palsy, ...
Muscle contracture
A loss of muscle tone inhibition (hypertonia) causes a muscle to become hyperactive resulting in constant contraction, which ... limits muscle contractibility and stiffens muscles. Muscle injury (such as a large burn or surgery) can cause muscle ... Repetitive muscle injuries (e.g. sports injuries, major muscle strains) and micro-injuries (e.g. overuse injuries, minor muscle ... Chronic toe walking leads to muscle contracture due to the lack of calf muscles being adequately stretched. Once the muscle ...
Paratriathlon
PT2 - Athletes with mobility impairments such as muscle power, limb deficiency, hypertonia, ataxia or athetosis that have a ... PT3 - Athletes with mobility impairments such as muscle power, limb deficiency, hypertonia, ataxia or athetosis that have a ... PT4 - Athletes with mobility impairments such as muscle power, limb deficiency, hypertonia, ataxia or athetosis that have a ... PT1 - Athletes with mobility impairments such as muscle power, limb deficiency, hypertonia, ataxia or athetosis that render ...
Spastic quadriplegia
... jerky movements stemming from hypertonia of the muscles. Spastic quadriplegia, while affecting all four limbs more or less ... These involuntary muscle contractions may affect the development of structural muscle around the hip and lead to hip dysplasia ... Muscle tone is sometimes used to make the diagnosis for spastic quadriplegia as affected children often appear to be either too ... Although the arms and legs of patients are often stiff, the neck is usually limp due to the lack of voluntary muscle control.[ ...
Active sitting
Hypertonia is high muscle tone that can vary in degree, and that can be influenced by excitement, stress, loud noise, external ... With postural stabilization in sitting and reaching, the leg and calf muscles are activated. When the muscles of the lower ... Hypotonia is low muscle tone, resulting in an inability to sustain controlled movement of the body against gravity, and can ... Since muscle tone varies from client to client, professional judgment is required in prescribing dynamic seating for children ...
Wheelchair sport classification
These include Impaired muscle power, Athetosis, impaired passive range of movement, Hypertonia, limb deficiency, Ataxia and leg ... A 1 is for a flicker or trace of contraction in a muscle. A 2 is for active movement in a muscle with gravity eliminated. A 3 ... muscle strength is tested using the bench press for a variety of spinal cord related injuries with a muscle being assessed on a ... The Daniels/Worthington muscle test was used to determine who was in class V and who was class IV. Paraplegics with 61 to 80 ...
Les Autres sport classification
These include hypertonia, ataxia, atheotosis, loss of muscle strength, loss of range of movement, loss of limb, short stature, ... This grouping does not include people with dislocated muscles or arthritis. Les Autres classes are sometimes broken down ...
List of MeSH codes (C23)
... muscle cramp MeSH C23.888.592.608.550 - muscle hypertonia MeSH C23.888.592.608.550.500 - muscle rigidity MeSH C23.888.592.608. ... 550.550 - muscle spasticity MeSH C23.888.592.608.575 - muscle hypotonia MeSH C23.888.592.608.593 - muscle weakness MeSH C23.888 ...
Upper motor neuron syndrome
... accuracy and dexterity altered muscle tone (hypotonia or hypertonia) - a decrease or increase in the baseline level of muscle ... If muscle tone is assessed with passive muscle lengthening, increased muscle stiffness may affect the feeling of resistance to ... In severely affected muscles, there may be marked secondary changes, such as muscle contracture, particularly if management has ... Other secondary changes such as loss of muscle fibres following acquired muscle weakness are likely to compound the weakness ...
Twinkle (protein)
The symptoms of this disease include ataxia, muscle hypertonia, loss of deep-tendon reflexes, and athetosis and later on in the ... The gene is expressed at high levels in skeletal muscles. The gene encodes for a protein that has a full-length of 684 units of ...
List of MeSH codes (C10)
... muscle cramp MeSH C10.597.613.550 - muscle hypertonia MeSH C10.597.613.550.500 - muscle rigidity MeSH C10.597.613.550.550 - ... muscle spasticity MeSH C10.597.613.575 - muscle hypotonia MeSH C10.597.613.593 - muscle weakness MeSH C10.597.613.612 - ...
Paresis
... exaggerated tendon reflexes and muscle hypertonia In the past, the term was most commonly used to refer to "general paresis", ... When used without qualifiers, it usually refers to the limbs, but it can also be used to describe the muscles of the eyes ( ... Asthenia Ataxia Atony Catatonia Fatigue (physical) Facial nerve paralysis Hypotonia Malaise Muscle weakness Palsy MedlinePlus ...
Clomipramine
Decreased appetite Increased transaminases Increased Alkaline phosphatase Speech disorders Paraesthesia Muscle hypertonia ...
Eperisone
... and hypertonia in skeletal muscles, thus alleviating stiffness and spasticity, and facilitating muscle movement Eperisone also ... Eperisone acts by relaxing both skeletal muscles and vascular smooth muscles, and demonstrates a variety of effects such as ... Skeletal muscle relaxation Relaxation of hypertonic skeletal muscles Improves intramuscular blood flow Suppression of spinal ... Eperisone also facilitates voluntary movement of the upper and lower extremities without reducing muscle power; it is therefore ...
Cerebral palsy
DCP is characterized by both hypertonia and hypotonia, due to the affected individual's inability to control muscle tone. ... Although most people with CP have problems with increased muscle tone, some have normal or low muscle tone. High muscle tone ... Signs and symptoms vary among people and over time, but include poor coordination, stiff muscles, weak muscles, and tremors. ... Phelps developed surgical techniques for operating on the muscles to address issues such as spasticity and muscle rigidity. ...
Clasp-knife response
In upper motor neuron lesions, muscle tonus may increase and resistance of muscle to stretch increases. However, if sufficient ... Hypertonia "Spinal Relexes". Musom.marshall.edu. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2015. Neural ... Continued passive flexion stretches the muscle and the sequence may be repeated. As the muscle tone increases, resistance ... further stretching of the triceps muscle activates an inverse stretch reflex that relaxes the muscle due to autogenic ...
Paralympic Games
Hypertonia is marked by an abnormal increase in muscle tension and reduced ability of a muscle to stretch. Hypertonia may ... the force generated by muscles, such as the muscles of one limb, one side of the body or the lower half of the body is reduced ... The allowable disabilities are divided into ten eligible impairment types: impaired muscle power, impaired passive range of ... Physical Impairment - There are eight different types of physical impairment: Impaired muscle power - With impairments in this ...
Hypertonia - Wikipedia
Spastic hypertonia involves uncontrollable muscle spasms, stiffening or straightening out of muscles, shock-like contractions ... In contrast, in rigidity, the resting muscle shows firing. Dystonic hypertonia refers to muscle resistance to passive ... Rigidity is a severe state of hypertonia where muscle resistance occurs throughout the entire range of motion of the affected ... Bakheit, A.M.; Fheodoroff, K.; Molteni, F. (2011). "Spasticity or Reversible Muscle Hypertonia?". Journal of Rehabilitation ...
Success of repeat detrusor injections of botulinum a toxin in patients with severe neurogenic detrusor overactivity and...
Beyond Ohdo syndrome: A familial missense mutation broadens the MED12 spectrum
Spasticity: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
It may also be called unusual tightness or increased muscle tone. Reflexes (for example, a knee-jerk reflex) are stronger or ... It may also be called unusual tightness or increased muscle tone. Reflexes (for example, a knee-jerk reflex) are stronger or ... Spasticity is stiff or rigid muscles. It may also be called unusual tightness or increased muscle tone. Reflexes (for example, ... Severe, long-term spasticity may lead to contracture of muscles. This can reduce range of motion or leave the joints bent. ...
Lipid Storage Diseases | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
Reduced ability of a muscle to stretch (hypertonia). *Muscle stiffening (spasticity). *Sudden shock-like or jerking of the ... Decreased muscle mass (muscle atrophy), *Neurological complications that are less severe and progress at a slower rate than in ... Sustained muscle contractions that cause twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures (dystonia) ... Ataxia (lack of muscle coordination that can affect walking steadily, writing, eating) ...
Hypnomidate - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (emc)
Hypertonia, Muscle contractions involuntary, Nystagmus. Convulsion (including grand mal convulsion). Cardiac Disorders ... Spontaneous movements may occur in one or more groups of muscles, particularly when no premedication has been administered. ... Hypnomidate is pharmacologically compatible with the muscle relaxants, premedicant drugs and inhalation anaesthetics in current ...
Vigadrone (Vigabatrin for Oral Solution): Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions, Warning
Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)
DailyMed - TRAMADOL ACETAMINOPHEN tablet
Ataxia, convulsions, hypertonia, migraine, aggravated migraine, involuntary muscle contractions, paresthesias, stupor, vertigo ... muscle relaxants, tricyclic antidepressants, or other CNS depressant drugs. Patients should be advised of the additive ... skeletal muscle flaccidity, cold and clammy skin, constricted pupils, seizures, bradycardia, hypotension, cardiac arrest, and ...
DailyMed - CITALOPRAM- citalopram hydrobromide tablet, film coated
Infrequent: hyperkinesia, vertigo, hypertonia, extrapyramidal disorder, leg cramps, involuntary muscle contractions, ... Musculoskeletal System Disorders - Infrequent: arthritis, muscle weakness, skeletal pain. Rare: bursitis, osteoporosis. ... hypertonia, hyperreflexia, tremor, jitteriness, irritability, and constant crying. These features are consistent with either a ...
What You Need to Know about Adopting a Child with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome | Adoption.com
Some symptoms include hypertonia (tight muscles), high-pitched cries, inability to sleep, frequent sneezing, diarrhea, tremors ... We did physical therapy for a few months to help our daughter with her hypertonia, feeding clinic to teach her how to eat, and ... Nurses used beanbags on top of her to calm her muscles so that she could sleep.. ...
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Basic View
Force during stretches of rat skeletal muscles after hypertonia at short and long lengths. ... Changes in force by repeated stretches of skeletal muscle in young and old female Sprague Dawley rats. ... An empirical approach to characterizing trunk muscle coactivation using simulation input modeling techniques. ... Recovery from 6 weeks of repeated strain injury to rat soleus muscles. ...
Journal of Rehabilitation MedicineJournal of Rehabilitation Medicine - Volume 43, Issue 6
Spasticity or reversible muscle hypertonia?. Abdel Magid O. Bakheit, Klemens Fheodoroff, Franco Molteni ... Background and objective: The increase in resistance to passive muscle stretch in a paretic limb due to an upper motor neurone ... lesion is often referred to as muscle spasticity. However, this terminology is inaccurate and does not take into account the ... complex pathogenesis of the condition or describe the factors that contribute to the clinically observed changes in muscle tone ...
Cervicobrachial Syndrome - Marijuana Doctors | Online Medical Card Directory
Shoulder and neck muscle hypertonia (rigidity). In any given year, about 15% of adults have pain to some degree along their ... Youll need to perform exercises that strengthen your spinal muscles since the muscle weakness and ligament laxity in ... The muscles affected are mostly found in the trunks upper portion since cervical nerve roots supply this area primarily. ... A hot water bottle or warm bath can relax muscle contractions and reduce symptoms. ...
Glossary | Enable Ireland
Disturbances in muscle tone can be either hypertonia, hypotonia or dystonia.. Muscular Dystrophy. Muscular dystrophy is marked ... Muscle Tone. The amount of tension in a muscle. It is important for movement and posture. ... Relates to the use of the small muscles of the body such as those in the face, hands, feet, fingers and toes. ... The diagnosis is confirmed with findings of very elevated muscle enzymes in a blood sample taken by a doctor. The rate of ...
Parkinson's Disease (PD): A Case Study - Physiopedia
The stretching program can help individuals who experience muscle contracture and hypertonia. Due to the nature of PD, ... Tribbianis upper extremity muscle groups increased to at least a 4/5, and this increase in strength can be attributed to the ... Patient will increase strength in all bilateral hip and knee movements to at least a grade of 4/5 on the manual muscle testing ... Our patient presents with rigidity, so it is particularly important that we manage this and limit the muscle tone that she is ...
Positive Health Online | Article - VDUs and the Computer Posture
This causes an increase in the tone of the anterior muscles and an imbalance between the anterior and posterior musculature. ... The local muscles become starved of oxygen due to their chronic hypertonia and, therefore, restriction of the local circulation ... Overuse of the relatively small muscles of the hands and forearms in using a keyboard can produce extreme muscle tension and ... the demands on the forearm muscles in orientating the hands are increased. The upshot of this is that these muscles are then ...
Organophosphates: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
... to a single high dose of diazinon was left with significant cognitive impairment and episodes of generalized muscle hypertonia ... By the 1930s, synthetic cholinesterase inhibitors were being used for skeletal muscle and autonomic disorders. Some ... Accumulation of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction causes persistent depolarization of skeletal muscle, resulting in ... muscle, and gray matter of the brain. Plasma acetylcholinesterase is found in CNS white matter, pancreas, and heart. It is a ...
Frontiers | Spasticity, Motor Recovery, and Neural Plasticity after Stroke
Effects of changing wrist positions on finger flexor hypertonia in stroke survivors. Muscle Nerve (2006) 33:183-90. doi:10.1002 ... II: emergence of muscle overactivity. Muscle Nerve (2005) 31:552-71. doi:10.1002/mus.20285 ... Impairment of voluntary control of finger motion following stroke: role of inappropriate muscle coactivation. Muscle Nerve ( ... without affecting muscle strength of spastic leg muscles after stroke (49). In contrast, another study (50) showed that ...
Healthcare | Free Full-Text | Commonly Used Types and Recent Development of Ankle-Foot Orthosis: A Narrative Review
It is also used in the presence of low muscle tone (hypotonia), high muscle tone (hypertonia), flexible pronation or supination ... Muscle Nerve 2017, 55, 202-205. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]. *Shearin, S.M.; Bauzaite, E.; Hall, H.; McCain, K.J. ... Effects of Rehabilitation Exercise on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Muscle Cross-Sectional Area in Overweight Patients with ... and muscle strength training once a week for 17 weeks to confirm the degree of recovery of running ability. In patients who ...
This Week in Zika: Cases of Postnatal Microcephaly | MedPage Today
BRUE - Pediatrics - MSD Manual Professional Edition
Marked change in muscle tone (hypertonia or hypotonia). In addition, infants must otherwise appear well and be back at their ... BRUE (brief, resolved, unexplained event) is an episode of cyanosis or pallor, abnormal breathing, abnormal muscle tone, or ... Some infants have a transient event involving some combination of altered respiration, consciousness, muscle tone, and/or skin ... Observations by the caregiver who witnessed the event, particularly a description of changes in breathing, color, muscle tone, ...
NIMH Data Archive - Data Dictionary: Data Structure
hypertonia Integer Recommended Does (did) the Child have Hypertonia (tight muscle tone)? 0;1;2 2=3 ... muscle_strength_abnormal Query muscle_streng_det Integer Recommended If yes, what findings 1::3 1 = Generalized weakness; 2 = ... muscle_streng String 10 Recommended Is muscle strength abnormal? Yes;No;NK No=0; Yes=1; NK=3 ... muscle_strength_findings Query gait_atax String 10 Recommended Is there evidence of poor coordination or gait ataxia ( ...
ULTRACET - Drug Information from Guideline Central
Central and Peripheral Nervous System- Ataxia, convulsions, hypertonia, migraine, aggravated migraine, involuntary muscle ... Muscle Relaxants Clinical Impact: Tramadol may enhance the neuromuscular blocking action of skeletal muscle relaxants and ... Tramadol causes a reduction in motility associated with an increase in smooth muscle tone in the antrum of the stomach and ... Due to the risk of respiratory depression with concomitant use of skeletal muscle relaxants and opioids, consider prescribing ...
Four-year-old set for op to help him walk thanks to generous donation | Echo
Rebound Therapy - Founded 1972
Low amplitive bouncing in general causes a reducing effect on hypertonia by bombarding the muscle spindle in much the same way ... MUSCLE TONE. IN SIMPLISTIC TERMS, trampolining generally causes an increase in postural muscle tone, simple to prevent falling ... In Rebound Therapy, the effect on muscle tone hypertonia or hypotonia is variable. ... 1) UNIQUE THREE-FOLD effect on body organs, systems and muscles.. *A) WEIGHT INCREASES AND decreases to the point of ...
Para-triathlon
Impaired muscle power * Impaired passive range of movement * Limb deficiency * Athetosis * Hypertonia * Ataxia * Visual ... This class includes athletes with, but not limited to, impairments of muscle power, range of movement, limb deficiency such as ... hypertonia, ataxia, athetosis. ... partial loss of arm muscle power, lower limb deficiency or mild ... These sport classes include but are not limited to Para-triathletes with impairment of muscle power, range of movement, limb ...
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